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Please research the article's assertions. Whatever is credible should be sourced, and what is not should be removed. </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:252px;"><a href="/wiki/File:BanovineKJ.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/BanovineKJ.jpg/250px-BanovineKJ.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="175" class="thumbimage" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/BanovineKJ.jpg/375px-BanovineKJ.jpg 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f6/BanovineKJ.jpg 2x" data-file-width="424" data-file-height="297" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:BanovineKJ.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>1929 map of Yugoslavia.</div></div></div> <p><b>Yugoslavia</b> was the name of three failed twentieth century Balkan multinational <a href="/wiki/State" title="State">states</a> (one semi-successful) that spanned modern-day <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Montenegro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Montenegro (page does not exist)">Montenegro</a> and <a href="/wiki/Macedonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Macedonia">Macedonia</a>. All three Yugoslavias fell victim to ethnic <a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">nationalism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Economy" class="mw-redirect" title="Economy">economic mismanagement</a>, finally ending with the <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Wars" title="Yugoslav Wars">Yugoslav Wars</a>. </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#State_of_Slovenes.2C_Croats_and_Serbs"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Kingdom_of_Serbians.2C_Croats_and_Slovenes"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Kingdom of Serbians, Croats and Slovenes</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Occupation_and_resistance"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Occupation and resistance</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#The_Socialist_Federative_Republic_of_Yugoslavia"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">The Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Dissolution"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Dissolution</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <h2><span id="State_of_Slovenes,_Croats_and_Serbs"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="State_of_Slovenes.2C_Croats_and_Serbs">State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yugoslavia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>The State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs, which included <a href="/wiki/Dialect_continuum" title="Dialect continuum">South Slavic</a> territories formerly belonging to the defeated Austro-Hungarian Empire, was created after the end of World War I. Following the established romantic nationalist idea of the union of South Slavic peoples in one state (with an added dose of <a href="/wiki/Not_as_bad_as" title="Not as bad as">not as bad as</a> <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>), it joined the Kingdom of Serbia one month after its creation to form the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, also known as Kingdom SHS. </p> <h2><span id="Kingdom_of_Serbians,_Croats_and_Slovenes"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Kingdom_of_Serbians.2C_Croats_and_Slovenes">Kingdom of Serbians, Croats and Slovenes</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yugoslavia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Kingdom of Serbians, Croats and Slovenes">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:132px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Yugoslavia_(1918%E2%80%931941).svg" class="image"><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg/130px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="87" class="thumbimage" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg/195px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg/260px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281918%E2%80%931941%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Yugoslavia_(1918%E2%80%931941).svg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>State flag of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia.</div></div></div> <p>Yugoslavia became a constitutional monarchy after the unification. The kings were descendants of the Karađorđević lineage, and the purpose of Yugoslavia was assimilation of all southern Slavs into one nation. Scholars and artists denounced the idea, but it was widely accepted in political circles. The process of assimilation and centralization continued along with dictatorship of the king starting in 1929; he officially renamed it the Kingdom of Yugoslavia that same year. Being surrounded by enemies, Yugoslavia entered into an alliance with the Axis powers in the Tripartite pact of 1941. The people and the army denounced the idea of signing the pact, so they protested and undertook a coup d'état (recent scholarship suggests that this coup was almost certainly engineered by the Allies). <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Hitler</a> had had enough of Yugoslavia so he attacked it from all directions. The government capitulated and ran <s>for the hills</s> to London, and four days later the "<a href="/wiki/Usta%C5%A1e" title="Ustaše">Independent State of Croatia</a>" was formed with German support. Thus, the occupation began. </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Occupation_and_resistance">Occupation and resistance</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yugoslavia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Occupation and resistance">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>During <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, after Yugoslavia was conquered by the <a href="/wiki/Nazi" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazi">Nazis</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">Communist</a>-led guerrilla movement led by Croat-Slovene Josip Broz Tito came to power and, after initial failures, defeated the occupiers' and the collaborators' units. During the war <a href="/wiki/Usta%C5%A1e" title="Ustaše">a significant number of Croats and Bosnians</a> had collaborated with the Nazis and had killed many political opponents regardless of nationality in an attempt to break up the resistance movement. They soon began a campaign of terror against Serbs and Jews, putting them in concentration camps and even making several for Serbian children. There were also Chetniks, a royalist resistance movement that become a nationalist collaboration later on. Serbs would later attempt to use this as justification for ethnic cleansing of Bosnians and Croats in the 1990s (while at the same time ignoring their own history of collaboration with the Nazis as well as with Ustaše themselves on occasion)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></sup> or the fact that the partisans were composed of all ethnic groups. </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="The_Socialist_Federative_Republic_of_Yugoslavia">The Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yugoslavia&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: The Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:177px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Yugoslavia_(1946-1992).svg" class="image"><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg/175px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="175" height="88" class="thumbimage" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg/263px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg/350px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Yugoslavia_(1946-1992).svg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Socialist era flag of Yugoslavia, adopted in 1946.</div></div></div> <div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:177px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Vojin_Baki%C4%87,_Spomenik_pobjedi_revolucije_naroda_Slavonije,_Kamenska.JPG" class="image"><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Vojin_Baki%C4%87%2C_Spomenik_pobjedi_revolucije_naroda_Slavonije%2C_Kamenska.JPG/175px-Vojin_Baki%C4%87%2C_Spomenik_pobjedi_revolucije_naroda_Slavonije%2C_Kamenska.JPG" decoding="async" width="175" height="233" class="thumbimage" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Vojin_Baki%C4%87%2C_Spomenik_pobjedi_revolucije_naroda_Slavonije%2C_Kamenska.JPG/263px-Vojin_Baki%C4%87%2C_Spomenik_pobjedi_revolucije_naroda_Slavonije%2C_Kamenska.JPG 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Vojin_Baki%C4%87%2C_Spomenik_pobjedi_revolucije_naroda_Slavonije%2C_Kamenska.JPG/350px-Vojin_Baki%C4%87%2C_Spomenik_pobjedi_revolucije_naroda_Slavonije%2C_Kamenska.JPG 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="1000" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Vojin_Baki%C4%87,_Spomenik_pobjedi_revolucije_naroda_Slavonije,_Kamenska.JPG" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>The whole country was peppered with modern art war memorials. This one looks like the "We're #1" glove.</div></div></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Josip_Tito" class="mw-redirect" title="Josip Tito">Josip Tito</a> took control over the country now named the Federative People's Republic of Yugoslavia (renamed to Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia in 1963) after the war ended. Because Tito's forces had mostly pushed the Nazis out on their own, with only minimal <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet</a> aid, Tito and Yugoslavia enjoyed greater autonomy within the Communist bloc. In the end, Tito broke with <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Stalin</a> and Yugoslavia became a neutral Communist country (throughout the 1950s in the Soviet sphere "Titoism" was considered the worst Communist ideological heresy.) Initially starting with a typical Stalinist-style <a href="/wiki/Command_economy" title="Command economy">command economy</a>, they began decentralizing in 1951. Yugoslavia tended to enjoy a better quality of life than its Warsaw Pact neighbors with significantly better access to consumer goods (both foreign and domestic) and generally had fewer restrictions on its citizens. To this day, Tito is remembered fondly by many in the former Yugoslav republics, if only because what happened after his rule was much worse. </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Dissolution">Dissolution</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yugoslavia&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Dissolution">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>Tito managed to keep the ethnic tensions under control and worked to foster a greater "Yugoslav" identity. Experts are divided on how well he managed this; however, until the 1990s there did seem to be a strong sense of "Yugoslav"ness. </p><p>However, in the early 1990s, opposition leaders trying to make a name for themselves played up the possibilities of ethnic and religious tension within the multinational state, and in both <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a> and Serbia nationalists came to power. This led to the civil wars of that period, and the breakup of the country. Slovenia, high up in the Alps with lots of money, fled first with a minimum of fuss, followed by the departure of Macedonia (to this day still involved in an intense diplomatic dispute with Greece over its name, which Greece claims sole right to). Then, Croatia and <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia</a> departed with a maximum of fuss, leading to intense fighting between the three competing factions marked with sectarian-driven mass murder (the term "<a href="/wiki/Ethnic_cleansing" title="Ethnic cleansing">ethnic cleansing</a>" was coined here), the <a href="/wiki/Genocide" title="Genocide">genocide</a> of Bosnian Muslims at Srebrenica and elsewhere as well as massive military intervention from the Clinton administration and allied countries such as Italy. Serb leader <a href="/wiki/Slobodan_Milo%C5%A1evi%C4%87" title="Slobodan Milošević">Slobodan Milošević</a>'s administration collapsed after attempting to negate an unfavorable democratic election. Serbia and Montenegro parted ways in 2006, while Serbia's Albanian majority province Kosovo declared independence in 2008 amid protests from Serbia itself as well as other countries with native separatist movements such as Russia and Spain. </p><p>Thus dismembered completely, Yugoslavia stands as a reminder of the strength of <a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">nationalism</a>, both to create and to destroy, to bring people together and to drive them apart. </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yugoslavia&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <div class="references-small" style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; font-size:80%;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chetniks#Axis_collaboration">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chetniks#Axis_collaboration</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milan_Nedi%C4%87">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milan_Nedi%C4%87</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="Nations_of_the_world-navigationbox" class="toccolours" style="clear:both; margin:0.5em 3.5%; text-align:center;"> <div style="margin:0.15em; padding:0.1em; background:#ccccff; font-weight:bold;"><span id="Nations_of_the_world-navigationbox"><a href="/wiki/Nation" title="Nation">Nations</a> of the world</span> </div> <div class="hlist" style="font-size: 90%; margin: 0.15em 1.425em;"><span style="float:left;"><big><a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa"><b>Africa</b></a>:</big></span><a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a> — <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a> — <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> — <a href="/wiki/Eritrea" title="Eritrea">Eritrea</a> — <a href="/wiki/ESwatini" title="ESwatini">eSwatini</a> — <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a> — <a href="/wiki/Guinea" title="Guinea">Guinea</a> — <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a> — <a href="/wiki/Liberia" title="Liberia">Liberia</a> — <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a> — <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a> — <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a> — <a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a> — <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a> — <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a> — <a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a> — <a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a> — <a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a> <p><span style="float:left;"><big><a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia"><b>Asia</b></a>:</big></span> <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> — <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a> — <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a> — <a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a> — <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a> — <a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a> — <a href="/wiki/Burma" title="Burma">Burma</a> — <a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a> — <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> — <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a> — <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> — <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a> — <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> — <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> — <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> — <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> — <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> — <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> — <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a> — <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a> — <a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a> — <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a> — <a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a> — <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a> — <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a> — <a href="/wiki/Maldives" title="Maldives">Maldives</a> — <a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a> — <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a> — <a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korea</a> — <a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a> — <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> — <a href="/wiki/Palestine" title="Palestine">Palestine</a> — <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> — <a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a> — <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> — <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a> — <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a> — <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a> — <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> — <a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a> — <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a> — <a href="/wiki/Timor-Leste" title="Timor-Leste">Timor-Leste</a> — <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> — <a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a> — <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a> — <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a> — <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a> — <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a> <br /> </p><p><span style="float:left;"><big><a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe"><b>Europe</b></a>:</big></span> <a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a> — <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a> — <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a> — <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a> — <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a> — <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a> — <a href="/wiki/Channel_Islands" title="Channel Islands">Channel Islands</a> — <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a> — <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a> — <a href="/wiki/Czechia" title="Czechia">Czechia</a> — <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a> — <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a> — <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a> — <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> — <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> — <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a> — <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a> — <a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a> — <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a> — <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man" title="Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a> — <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> — <a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a> — <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a> — <a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a> — <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> — <a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a> — <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a> — <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a> — <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> — <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a> — <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> — <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a> — <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a> — <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> — <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a> — <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a> — <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> — <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> — <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> (<a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a>) — <a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican City</a> <br /> </p><p><span style="float:left;"><big><a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America"><b>North America</b></a>:</big></span> <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> — <a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a> — <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a> — <a href="/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador">El Salvador</a> — <a href="/wiki/Grenada" title="Grenada">Grenada</a> — <a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a> — <a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a> — <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> — <a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a> — <a href="/wiki/Panama" title="Panama">Panama</a> — <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> (<a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" class="mw-redirect" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a>) <br /> </p><p><span style="float:left;"><big><a href="/wiki/Oceania" title="Oceania"><b>Oceania</b></a>:</big></span> <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> — <a href="/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati">Kiribati</a> — <a href="/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru">Nauru</a> — <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a> — <a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a> — <a href="/wiki/Pitcairn_Islands" title="Pitcairn Islands">Pitcairn Islands</a> <br /> </p><p><span style="float:left;"><big><a href="/wiki/South_America" title="South America"><b>South America</b></a>:</big></span><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a> — <a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a> — <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> — <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a> (<a href="/wiki/Rapa_Nui" title="Rapa Nui">Rapa Nui</a>) — <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a> — <a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a> — <a href="/wiki/Falkland_Islands" title="Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a> (<a href="/wiki/Falkland_Islands" title="Falkland Islands"><small>Malvinas</small></a>)— <a href="/wiki/Paraguay" title="Paraguay">Paraguay</a> — <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a> — <a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a> — <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a> <br /> </p><p><span style="float:left;"><big><b>Separatist or disputed</b>:</big></span><a href="/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a> —<a href="/wiki/Catalonia" title="Catalonia">Catalonia</a> — <a href="/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland">Greenland</a> — <a href="/wiki/Kashmir" title="Kashmir">Kashmir</a> — <a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a> — <a href="/wiki/Kurdistan" title="Kurdistan">Kurdistan</a> — <a href="/wiki/Micronation" title="Micronation">Micronation</a> — <a href="/wiki/Northern_Cyprus" title="Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a> — <a href="/wiki/Sealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Sealand">Sealand</a> — <a href="/wiki/Somaliland" title="Somaliland">Somaliland</a> — <a href="/wiki/South_Ossetia" title="South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a> — <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a> — <a href="/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet">Tibet</a> — <a href="/wiki/Transnistria" title="Transnistria">Transnistria</a> — <a href="/wiki/Western_Sahara" title="Western Sahara">Western Sahara</a> </p> <span style="float:left;"><big><b>Historical</b>:</big></span><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">Ancient Egypt</a> — <a href="/wiki/Belgian_Congo" title="Belgian Congo">Belgian Congo</a> — <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a> — <a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America" title="Confederate States of America">Confederate States of America</a> — <a href="/wiki/East_Germany" title="East Germany">East Germany</a> — <a href="/wiki/French_colonial_empire" title="French colonial empire">French colonial empire</a> — <a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German Empire</a> — <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a> — <a href="/wiki/Imperial_China" title="Imperial China">Imperial China</a> — <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hawai%CA%BBi" title="Kingdom of Hawaiʻi">Kingdom of Hawaiʻi</a> — <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a> — <a href="/wiki/Rhodesia" 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