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It summarizes the conclusions of a series of papers (presented elsewhere in this publication) on food security in the Arab region. In most Arab countries, food production is limited by severe shortages of water and arable land, leaving the region dependent on food imports and vulnerable to weather and market fluctuations. Growing concerns about food security, highlighted during the 2008 food price crisis, are encouraging policy makers to seek ways to ensure stable, affordable food supplies. The data presented here suggest that food security in the region can be significantly improved by more effective use of currently available technologies and a more supportive policy and institutional environment. This summary paper highlights a range of issues: specific research and development needs, investment priorities, tools that can aid policy development and reduce risk, mechanisms to protect the most vulnerable households, ways to improve farmers' ability to respond to price signals, and the implications of the rapid growth in foreign land investments by some Arab countries.","publication_date":"2011,,","publication_name":"Food Security","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":"50053671"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Food security: perspectives from the Arab World","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [45405820,55998534]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "full_page_mobile_sutd_modal"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loswp.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":50053671,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Food security: perspectives from the Arab World”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/50053671/mini_magick20190129-4195-1th6v6h.png?1548833039" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_splash/adobe.icon-574afd46eb6b03a77a153a647fb47e30546f9215c0ee6a25df597a779717f9ef.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Food security: perspectives from the Arab World</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="45405820" href="https://independent.academia.edu/KShideed"><img alt="Profile image of K. H Shideed" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/s65_no_pic.png" />K. H Shideed</a><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="55998534" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MyleneKherallah"><img alt="Profile image of Mylene Kherallah" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/s65_no_pic.png" />Mylene Kherallah</a></div><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2011, Food Security</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":50053671,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/29613012/Food_security_perspectives_from_the_Arab_World"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" 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stability)","attachmentId":76653749,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/64775611/Status_of_food_security_in_the_Arab_region_along_the_four_food_security_dimensions_availability_access_utilization_and_stability_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/64775611/Status_of_food_security_in_the_Arab_region_along_the_four_food_security_dimensions_availability_access_utilization_and_stability_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="86329953" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/86329953/Food_Security_Via_Improving_Crop_Water_Productivity_in_Some_Arab_Countries_Introduction">Food Security Via Improving Crop Water Productivity in Some Arab Countries Introduction</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="97219795" href="https://unam.academia.edu/irispublishers">iris publishers</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Iris publishers, 2019</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The Arab Organization for Agricultural Development defines Food Security as continuously providing all members of the society with food in quantity and quality necessary for their activity and good health, depending first on local food production, second on the basis of comparative advantage for the production of food commodities in each country and third on the availability of food to the citizens at prices that are suitable to their incomes. On the other hand, the Food and Agriculture Organization asserts that food security is achieved when all the individuals, at times, possess the necessary economic and social capacity to have access to adequate and safe food components to meet their food needs and preferences, in order to enjoy an active and healthy life. The Arab region is one of the acridest regions in the world and consequently faces enormous food security and food sovereignty challenges. Limited cultivated land and water resources are major constraints on agricultural development and food production. As a consequence, Arab countries are highly dependent on imported foods, particularly basic foods such as cereals that are the regular</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Food Security Via Improving Crop Water Productivity in Some Arab Countries Introduction","attachmentId":90802732,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/86329953/Food_Security_Via_Improving_Crop_Water_Productivity_in_Some_Arab_Countries_Introduction","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/86329953/Food_Security_Via_Improving_Crop_Water_Productivity_in_Some_Arab_Countries_Introduction"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="40696608" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/40696608/Ben_Hassen_T_and_El_Bilali_H_2019_Food_Security_in_the_Gulf_Cooperation_Council_Countries_Challenges_and_Prospects_Journal_of_Food_Security_7_5_159_169_doi_10_12691_jfs_7_5_2">Ben Hassen T. and El Bilali H. (2019). Food Security in the Gulf Cooperation Council Countries: Challenges and Prospects. Journal of Food Security, 7(5): 159-169. doi: 10.12691/jfs-7-5-2</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="125967447" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HamidElBilali">Hamid El Bilali</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Food Security, 7(5): 159-169., 2019</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Food insecurity concerns are as old as humanity. Food security exists when all population, at all times, has access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food. It is built on four pillars, namely food availability, food access, food utilisation, and stability. While it is widely admitted that food security increases with economic development, also rich countries in the Near East and North Africa (NENA) region, such as the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, face specific challenges. Therefore, this review paper analyses the state, determinants and perspectives of food security in GCC region. Historically, food security was not an issue for the GCC states. In fact, GCC states are capital rich and have no foreign exchange limitation for food import. Consequently, due to their robust fiscal position resulting in high buying power, these countries, have been less vulnerable to price risk than other food importers; and able to bridge the shortfall in domestic production. As a result, in 2018, the six GCC members have been ranked as the most food secure in the Arab world and among the most food secure countries in the world. However, in the wake of the 2007-2008 global food crisis, food security became an ongoing challenge. The crisis exposed the high dependence of GCC countries on imports, limits of import-based food policies and the need to increase the local production. However, agriculture is limited by several natural conditions, such as scarce water resources and poor soils, and aquifers have been heavily exploited above the average natural recharge. Further, potentially, more critical to GCC food security is availability risk, which arises when an import-dependent country is not able to obtain food, even if it has sufficient funds to purchase it. The paper makes the case for promoting a productive and sustainable agriculture, with high resources use efficiency, to increase food security in the GCC.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Ben Hassen T. and El Bilali H. (2019). Food Security in the Gulf Cooperation Council Countries: Challenges and Prospects. Journal of Food Security, 7(5): 159-169. doi: 10.12691/jfs-7-5-2","attachmentId":60981411,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/40696608/Ben_Hassen_T_and_El_Bilali_H_2019_Food_Security_in_the_Gulf_Cooperation_Council_Countries_Challenges_and_Prospects_Journal_of_Food_Security_7_5_159_169_doi_10_12691_jfs_7_5_2","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/40696608/Ben_Hassen_T_and_El_Bilali_H_2019_Food_Security_in_the_Gulf_Cooperation_Council_Countries_Challenges_and_Prospects_Journal_of_Food_Security_7_5_159_169_doi_10_12691_jfs_7_5_2"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="15476883" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/15476883/Food_Security_in_the_Middle_East">Food Security in the Middle East</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="209660" href="https://www1-georgetown.academia.edu/MehranKamrava">Mehran Kamrava</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="34683643" href="https://giga-hamburg.academia.edu/EckartWoertz">Eckart Woertz</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="3572555" href="https://sfs-georgetown.academia.edu/CenterforInternationalandRegionalStudiesCIRS">Center for International and Regional Studies (CIRS)</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="71733502" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SuziMirgani">Suzi Mirgani</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Book Teaser, 2014</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This volume comprises original, empirically grounded chapters that collectively offer the most comprehensive study available to date on food security in the Middle East. The book starts with a theoretical framing of the phenomena of food security and food sovereignty and presents empirical case studies of Lebanon, Jordan, Palestine, Egypt, Yemen, the Persian Gulf states and Iran. Some of the major themes examined include the ascent and decline of various food regimes, urban agriculture, overseas agricultural land purchases, national food self-sufficiency strategies, distribution networks and food consumption patterns, and nutrition transitions and healthcare. Collectively, the chapters represent highly original contributions to the disciplines of political science, economics, agricultural studies, and healthcare policy.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Food Security in the Middle East","attachmentId":38690463,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/15476883/Food_Security_in_the_Middle_East","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/15476883/Food_Security_in_the_Middle_East"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="39373700" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/39373700/Food_Security_Via_Improving_Crop_Water_Productivity_in_Some_Arab_Countries">Food Security Via Improving Crop Water Productivity in Some Arab Countries</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="109448985" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AtefNassar1">Atef Nassar</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">ISSN: 2641-6379 , 2019</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">f of their food requirements and are considered the significant importers of grain in the world. On this basis, Arab countries, particularly those with vast agricultural capabilities, have worked on achieving the goal of self-sufficiency, reducing the food gap, and have implemented many national plans and programs to increase production and productivity within the agricultural sector. Water availability in the Arab region is a critical issue as the region has 5 percent of the world’s population having access to merely 1 percent of the world’s total water resources. According to United Nations estimates, around 12 Arab countries suffer from severe water shortages. The per capita availability of renewable water resources is less than 500 m3 per year. In General, the majority of Arab countries has a shortage of rainfall, agriculture and its development are almost entirely dependent on irrigation; therefore, the Socio-Economic growth is closely linked to a well-planned improvement of irrigation. The food consumption pattern is expected to change dramatically during the next 20 years in response to increases in population, per capita income and changes in consumer preferences. This study provides evidence on the importance of studying food security alongside water poverty. Having water scarcity contributing to nearly half the variation in food security will have an important policy, research, and investment implications. The agricultural sector faces the challenge to produce more food with less water by increasing crop water productivity. Higher water productivity results in either the same production from fewer water resources, or a higher production from the same water resources, so this is of direct benefit for other water users. This paper contributes to the debate and aims at explaining the efficient use of water for food production and identifying opportunities and challenges to produce more food with less water by increasing crop</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Food Security Via Improving Crop Water Productivity in Some Arab Countries","attachmentId":59516801,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/39373700/Food_Security_Via_Improving_Crop_Water_Productivity_in_Some_Arab_Countries","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/39373700/Food_Security_Via_Improving_Crop_Water_Productivity_in_Some_Arab_Countries"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="62721753" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/62721753/Food_security_poverty_and_economic_policy_in_the_Middle_East_and_North_Africa">Food security, poverty, and economic policy in the Middle East and North Africa</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="131312583" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HLofgren">Hans Lofgren</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Research in Middle East Economics, 2003</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Food security, poverty, and economic policy in the Middle East and North Africa","attachmentId":75393943,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/62721753/Food_security_poverty_and_economic_policy_in_the_Middle_East_and_North_Africa","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/62721753/Food_security_poverty_and_economic_policy_in_the_Middle_East_and_North_Africa"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":50053671,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":50053671,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_50053671" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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