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(PDF) Food security, poverty, and economic policy in the Middle East and North Africa
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The key to" /> <meta property="article:author" content="https://independent.academia.edu/HLofgren" /> <meta name="description" content="In MENA, household food insecurity, which is closely related to poverty and undernourishment, is most severe in rural areas and concentrated within Iraq, Sudan, and Yemen. 25% of the MENA population may be poor and 7% undernourished. 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window.loswp.work = {"work":{"id":62721753,"created_at":"2021-11-29T12:58:06.437-08:00","from_world_paper_id":185182338,"updated_at":"2024-11-26T04:55:15.692-08:00","_data":{"grobid_abstract":"In MENA, household food insecurity, which is closely related to poverty and undernourishment, is most severe in rural areas and concentrated within Iraq, Sudan, and Yemen. 25% of the MENA population may be poor and 7% undernourished. The key to increased national and household-level food security is pro-poor growth, driven by export-oriented, labor-intensive sectors. Agricultural sector policies should be subordinate to the pro-poor growth goal and not to the goal of food self-sufficiency. Such a strategy requires conflict resolution; macroeconomic stability; physical and human capital accumulation; reliance on markets and the private sector, and diffusion of ecologically friendly farming practices.","publication_date":"2003,,","publication_name":"Research in Middle East Economics","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":"75393943"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Food security, poverty, and economic policy in the Middle East and North Africa","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [131312583]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "control"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loginModal = {}; window.loginModal.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon'; window.userInChina = "false";</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":75393943,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Food security, poverty, and economic policy in the Middle East and North Africa”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/75393943/mini_magick20211129-13921-74jr0h.png?1638219598" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/adobe_icon.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Food security, poverty, and economic policy in the Middle East and North Africa</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="131312583" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HLofgren"><img alt="Profile image of Hans Lofgren" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/s65_no_pic.png" />Hans Lofgren</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2003, Research in Middle East Economics</p><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">44 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 62721753; const worksViewsPath = "/v0/works/views?subdomain_param=api&work_ids%5B%5D=62721753"; const getWorkViews = async (workId) => { const response = await fetch(worksViewsPath); if (!response.ok) { throw new Error('Failed to load work views'); } const data = await response.json(); return data.views[workId]; }; // Get the view count for the work - we send this immediately rather than waiting for // the DOM to load, so it can be available as soon as possible (but without holding up // the backend or other resource requests, because it's a bit expensive and not critical). const viewCount = await getWorkViews(workId); const updateViewCount = (viewCount) => { try { const viewCountNumber = parseInt(viewCount, 10); if (viewCountNumber === 0) { // Remove the whole views element if there are zero views. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); return; } const commaizedViewCount = viewCountNumber.toLocaleString(); const viewCountBody = document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count'); if (!viewCountBody) { throw new Error('Failed to find work views element'); } viewCountBody.textContent = `${commaizedViewCount} views`; } catch (error) { // Remove the whole views element if there was some issue parsing. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); throw new Error(`Failed to parse view count: ${viewCount}`, error); } }; // If the DOM is still loading, wait for it to be ready before updating the view count. if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { updateViewCount(viewCount); }); // Otherwise, just update it immediately. } else { updateViewCount(viewCount); } })();</script></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">In MENA, household food insecurity, which is closely related to poverty and undernourishment, is most severe in rural areas and concentrated within Iraq, Sudan, and Yemen. 25% of the MENA population may be poor and 7% undernourished. The key to increased national and household-level food security is pro-poor growth, driven by export-oriented, labor-intensive sectors. Agricultural sector policies should be subordinate to the pro-poor growth goal and not to the goal of food self-sufficiency. Such a strategy requires conflict resolution; macroeconomic stability; physical and human capital accumulation; reliance on markets and the private sector, and diffusion of ecologically friendly farming practices.</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":75393943,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/62721753/Food_security_poverty_and_economic_policy_in_the_Middle_East_and_North_Africa"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":75393943,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/62721753/Food_security_poverty_and_economic_policy_in_the_Middle_East_and_North_Africa"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger-container"><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger ds-signup-banner-trigger-control"></div></div><div class="ds-signup-banner ds-signup-banner-control"><div id="ds-signup-banner-close-button"><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary ds2-5-button--inverse"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">close</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-ctas"><img src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-capital-white.svg" /><h4 class="ds2-5-heading-serif-sm">Sign up for access to the world's latest research</h4><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--inverse ds2-5-button--full-width js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"signup-banner"}">Sign up for free<span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">arrow_forward</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-divider"></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons"><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Get notified about relevant papers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Save papers to use in your research</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Join the discussion with peers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Track your impact</span></div></div></div><script>(() => { // Set up signup banner show/hide behavior: // 1. 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H Shideed</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="55998534" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MyleneKherallah">Mylene Kherallah</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Food Security, 2011</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This paper presents recent analysis and recommendations that can assist Arab countries in their efforts to design and implement policies and investment strategies to strengthen agricultural development. It summarizes the conclusions of a series of papers (presented elsewhere in this publication) on food security in the Arab region. In most Arab countries, food production is limited by severe shortages of water and arable land, leaving the region dependent on food imports and vulnerable to weather and market fluctuations. Growing concerns about food security, highlighted during the 2008 food price crisis, are encouraging policy makers to seek ways to ensure stable, affordable food supplies. The data presented here suggest that food security in the region can be significantly improved by more effective use of currently available technologies and a more supportive policy and institutional environment. This summary paper highlights a range of issues: specific research and development needs, investment priorities, tools that can aid policy development and reduce risk, mechanisms to protect the most vulnerable households, ways to improve farmers' ability to respond to price signals, and the implications of the rapid growth in foreign land investments by some Arab countries.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Food security: perspectives from the Arab World","attachmentId":50053671,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/29613012/Food_security_perspectives_from_the_Arab_World","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/29613012/Food_security_perspectives_from_the_Arab_World"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="24436288" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/24436288/Improving_food_security_in_Arab_countries">Improving food security in Arab countries</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="47104168" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JulianLampietti">Julian Lampietti</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2009</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Improving food security in Arab countries","attachmentId":44765464,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/24436288/Improving_food_security_in_Arab_countries","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/24436288/Improving_food_security_in_Arab_countries"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="69420542" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/69420542/Food_Security_in_the_Middle_East_and_North_Africa_MENA_">Food Security in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA)</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="106725939" href="https://independent.academia.edu/FJariani">Farzaneh Jariani</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2021</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">With regards to the population growth and urbanization growth, food supply and food security both are among one of the most serious challenges for the countries of the Middle East and North Africa and such challenge can become as the main dilemma and problem for MENA region countries together with the global crises, regional crises and climatic changes. Since these countries are dependent on the imports of the foodstuffs in spite of their remarkable income which results from the both oil & gas exports accordingly any economic and political shock may endanger and jeopardize the food supply in the countries of the foregoing region. Hence, improving the political, commercial relations and the governments' performance which are done for reducing the tensions and all vulnerabilities arising out of the food insecurity will have a great role. In this research, we have studied the effects of institutional, economic and climatic indexes on the food security in MENA region using FMMs method within the time interval of 1995-2019 with regards to the significance of the role of institutional variables together with the economic and climatic ones. Results of this research show that in spite of the governments' endeavours for ensuring the food security, therefore, the food crisis concern will be assumed as a serious one throughout this region due to the failure of the existence of required participation and interaction among the government, private sector and people and the main reason for the above-said crisis is because of the infirmity of institutional variables in the countries existing in MENA regions which include the governance, prosperity, democracy and economic freedom and it should be noted that the war and tensions existing in the region can be known as one of the other drastic coefficients on the food insecurity.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Food Security in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA)","attachmentId":79526112,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/69420542/Food_Security_in_the_Middle_East_and_North_Africa_MENA_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/69420542/Food_Security_in_the_Middle_East_and_North_Africa_MENA_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="14126891" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14126891/Food_security_and_economic_development_in_the_Middle_East_and_North_Africa">Food security and economic development in the Middle East and North Africa</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="33122543" href="https://independent.academia.edu/TingjuZhu">Tingju Zhu</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">IFPRI …, 2010</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) was established in 1975. IFPRI is one of 15 agricultural research centers that receive principal funding from governments, private foundations, and international and regional organizations, most of which are members of ...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Food security and economic development in the Middle East and North Africa","attachmentId":44579751,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/14126891/Food_security_and_economic_development_in_the_Middle_East_and_North_Africa","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/14126891/Food_security_and_economic_development_in_the_Middle_East_and_North_Africa"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="24436280" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/24436280/A_strategic_framework_for_improving_food_security_in_Arab_countries">A strategic framework for improving food security in Arab countries</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="47104168" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JulianLampietti">Julian Lampietti</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Food Security, 2011</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">In 2007 and the first half of 2008, a sharp rise in agricultural commodity and food prices triggered grave concerns about food security, malnutrition and increased poverty. While the threat of a prolonged food-price shock receded in the second half of 2008, many factors underlying the price volatility are likely to persist, and will require careful management if future food-price shocks are to be avoided. This paper suggests three strategies that, together, could reduce vulnerability to price shocks: (1) strengthen safety nets, improve access to family planning services, and promote education; (2) enhance domestic food production</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"A strategic framework for improving food security in Arab countries","attachmentId":44765456,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/24436280/A_strategic_framework_for_improving_food_security_in_Arab_countries","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/24436280/A_strategic_framework_for_improving_food_security_in_Arab_countries"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="26302818" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/26302818/Food_security_in_Sub_Saharan_Africa_an_explorative_study">Food security in Sub-Saharan Africa: an explorative study</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="780456" href="https://leidenuniv.academia.edu/AkinyinkaAkinyoade">Akinyinka Akinyoade</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="30730018" href="https://worldagroforestry.academia.edu/JennyOrdonez">Jenny Ordonez</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="23648682" href="https://rivm.academia.edu/HenkHilderink">Henk Hilderink</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Food security in Sub-Saharan Africa: an explorative study","attachmentId":46616501,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/26302818/Food_security_in_Sub_Saharan_Africa_an_explorative_study","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/26302818/Food_security_in_Sub_Saharan_Africa_an_explorative_study"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="111972036" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/111972036/The_Food_Security_Dynamic_in_MENA_Countries_How_Should_Policies_be_Distinctive">The Food Security Dynamic in MENA Countries: How Should Policies be Distinctive?</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="145952669" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SaifElDinAbdElRhman">Saifeldin Daoud Abdelrhman</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Security Policy Paper, 2023</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The race of striking the balance in supply and demand for food security and consumption patterns in the Arab world is a challenging exercise. The nature of the shift and diversity in consumption patterns is caused either by a change in the lifestyle due to the change in living standards, or by the significant food assistance over decades as is the case for Egypt and Sudan, where the entirety of the consumption patterns have shifted away from traditional crops toward imported wheat. This has resulted in the desire to achieve food security to MENA countries, from economic and security points of view, to be more complex due to the rise in grain consumption and import dependency over</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Food Security Dynamic in MENA Countries: How Should Policies be Distinctive?","attachmentId":109348587,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/111972036/The_Food_Security_Dynamic_in_MENA_Countries_How_Should_Policies_be_Distinctive","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/111972036/The_Food_Security_Dynamic_in_MENA_Countries_How_Should_Policies_be_Distinctive"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="15476883" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/15476883/Food_Security_in_the_Middle_East">Food Security in the Middle East</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="209660" href="https://www1-georgetown.academia.edu/MehranKamrava">Mehran Kamrava</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="34683643" href="https://giga-hamburg.academia.edu/EckartWoertz">Eckart Woertz</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="3572555" href="https://sfs-georgetown.academia.edu/CenterforInternationalandRegionalStudiesCIRS">Center for International and Regional Studies (CIRS)</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="71733502" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SuziMirgani">Suzi Mirgani</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Book Teaser, 2014</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This volume comprises original, empirically grounded chapters that collectively offer the most comprehensive study available to date on food security in the Middle East. The book starts with a theoretical framing of the phenomena of food security and food sovereignty and presents empirical case studies of Lebanon, Jordan, Palestine, Egypt, Yemen, the Persian Gulf states and Iran. Some of the major themes examined include the ascent and decline of various food regimes, urban agriculture, overseas agricultural land purchases, national food self-sufficiency strategies, distribution networks and food consumption patterns, and nutrition transitions and healthcare. Collectively, the chapters represent highly original contributions to the disciplines of political science, economics, agricultural studies, and healthcare policy.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Food Security in the Middle East","attachmentId":38690463,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/15476883/Food_Security_in_the_Middle_East","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/15476883/Food_Security_in_the_Middle_East"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="68393093" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/68393093/How_to_Protect_the_Poor_Food_Insecure_in_the_MENA_region">How to Protect the Poor Food Insecure in the MENA region</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="25915881" href="https://musteuromed.academia.edu/RachaRamadan">Racha Ramadan</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Topics in Middle Eastern andNorth African Economies, 2019</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region faces important challenges concerning food insecurity reflected in the double burden of malnutrition, under nutrition and over nutrition, with high prevalence of anaemia especially among children and women. Social Protection Programs may play significant role in affecting food security “directly” by affecting food supply and availability through providing basic goods at low prices or through agricultural subsidies. But the SPPs in the region are fragmented, poorly targeted, covering only formal employees with an increasing budget and low adequacy. This yields to an impact on food security and poverty less than what is expected. Using data from the World Development Indicator, FAOSTAT and IFPRI-Arab Spatial, the paper studies the impact of social expenditure on food security. Two dimensions are analyzed; food access and food availability, in eight countries of the region during the period from 2000 to 2011. The estimated results show tha...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"How to Protect the Poor Food Insecure in the MENA region","attachmentId":78883340,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/68393093/How_to_Protect_the_Poor_Food_Insecure_in_the_MENA_region","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/68393093/How_to_Protect_the_Poor_Food_Insecure_in_the_MENA_region"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="64327467" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/64327467/The_Reality_of_Food_Security_in_the_Arab_World">The Reality of Food Security in the Arab World</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="55726306" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AbdullahAhmed81">Abdullah Ahmed</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">International Journal of Asian Social Science, 2016</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The study concludes that the reality of food security in the Arab World is unstable and fluctuated; there is no self-sufficiency to cover the needs of the Arab states. In addition, food security is connected with the power of water security, as all water resources come from non-Arab states. Water shortage may lead to the shortage of food for Arab states (famines), poverty and divisions. Therefore, this affects the social security due to the emergence of unemployment, poverty and the inability to develop, and to sustain the infrastructures, the general services considered necessary for the Arab citizens. Rainfalls, desertification, drought and the weaknesses of technical abilities are the main reasons for decreasing food security; they increase food subordination or dependency, which become significant in the Arab states that rest on foreign countries to fill the food needs of their people, as the average of consumption is higher than the production. The study is divided into four parts: the introduction, the dilemmas of food security's concept, the relationship between food, water and social security, and food security threatens in the Arab World.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Reality of Food Security in the Arab World","attachmentId":76413383,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/64327467/The_Reality_of_Food_Security_in_the_Arab_World","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/64327467/The_Reality_of_Food_Security_in_the_Arab_World"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":75393943,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":75393943,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_75393943" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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(2019). Food Security in the Gulf Cooperation Council Countries: Challenges and Prospects. Journal of Food Security, 7(5): 159-169. doi: 10.12691/jfs-7-5-2</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="125967447" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HamidElBilali">Hamid El Bilali</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Food Security, 7(5): 159-169., 2019</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Ben Hassen T. and El Bilali H. (2019). Food Security in the Gulf Cooperation Council Countries: Challenges and Prospects. 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