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nasals</h1> <div class="tagline"></div> </div> <ul id="p-associated-pages" class="minerva__tab-container"> <li class="minerva__tab selected"> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Voiced_dental,_alveolar_and_postalveolar_nasals" rel="" data-event-name="tabs.subject">Article</a> </li> <li class="minerva__tab "> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Talk:Voiced_dental,_alveolar_and_postalveolar_nasals" rel="discussion" data-event-name="tabs.talk">Talk</a> </li> </ul> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" href="#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Language" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector"> Language </a> </li> <li id="page-actions-watch" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" 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id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For consonants followed by superscript ⁿ, see <a href="/wiki/Nasal_release" title="Nasal release">Nasal release</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Alveolar nasal" redirects here. For the voiceless consonant, see <a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_nasal" title="Voiceless alveolar nasal">Voiceless alveolar nasal</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Technical plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-technical" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article may be too technical for most readers to understand. Please <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Voiced_dental,_alveolar_and_postalveolar_nasals&action=edit">help improve it</a> to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Make_technical_articles_understandable" title="Wikipedia:Make technical articles understandable">make it understandable to non-experts</a>, without removing the technical details. (April 2018) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151960987">body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox table{display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox caption{display:table-caption}</style>The voiced alveolar nasal is a type of <a href="/wiki/Consonant" title="Consonant">consonantal</a> sound used in numerous spoken <a href="/wiki/Language" title="Language">languages</a>. The symbol in the <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">International Phonetic Alphabet</a> that represents <a href="/wiki/Dental_consonant" title="Dental consonant">dental</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alveolar_consonant" title="Alveolar consonant">alveolar</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Postalveolar_consonant" title="Postalveolar consonant">postalveolar</a> <a href="/wiki/Nasal_consonant" title="Nasal consonant">nasals</a> is ⟨n⟩, and the equivalent <a href="/wiki/X-SAMPA" title="X-SAMPA">X-SAMPA</a> symbol is <code>n</code>. <table class="infobox" style="width: 16em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background: #f2f2ce;">Voiced alveolar nasal</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ffffe6;">n</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/IPA_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="IPA Number">IPA Number</a></th><td class="infobox-data">116</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ffffe6;">Audio sample</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data center"><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="150" style="width:150px;" data-durationhint="3" data-mwtitle="Alveolar_nasal.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/29/Alveolar_nasal.ogg" type='audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"' data-width="0" data-height="0"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/29/Alveolar_nasal.ogg/Alveolar_nasal.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0"></source></audio> <div><a href="/wiki/File:Alveolar_nasal.ogg" title="File:Alveolar nasal.ogg">source</a> · <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Media_help" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Media help">help</a></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ffffe6;">Encoding</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Entity <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style>(decimal)</th><td class="infobox-data"><code>&#110;</code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Unicode <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">(hex)</th><td class="infobox-data">U+006E</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/X-SAMPA" title="X-SAMPA">X-SAMPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><code>n</code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/IPA_Braille" title="IPA Braille">Braille</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_N.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠝ (braille pattern dots-1345) U+281D"><img alt="⠝ (braille pattern dots-1345)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Braille_N.svg/25px-Braille_N.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Braille_N.svg/38px-Braille_N.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Braille_N.svg/50px-Braille_N.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215"></a></td></tr></tbody></table> The vast majority of languages have either an alveolar or dental nasal.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] There are a few languages that lack either sound but have [m], such as <a href="/wiki/Yoruba_language" title="Yoruba language">Yoruba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palauan_language" title="Palauan language">Palauan</a>, and colloquial <a href="/wiki/Samoan_language" title="Samoan language">Samoan</a> (however, these languages all have [ŋ]. An example of a language without [n] and [ŋ] is <a href="/wiki/Edo_language" title="Edo language">Edo</a>). There are some languages (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Rotokas_language" title="Rotokas language">Rotokas</a>) that lack both [m] and [n]. True dental consonants are relatively uncommon. In the <a href="/wiki/Romance_languages" title="Romance languages">Romance</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dravidian_languages" title="Dravidian languages">Dravidian</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Australian_Aboriginal_languages" title="Australian Aboriginal languages">Australian languages</a>, n is often called "dental" in the literature. However, the rearmost contact, which gives a consonant its distinctive sound, is actually alveolar or <a href="/wiki/Denti-alveolar_consonant" title="Denti-alveolar consonant">denti-alveolar</a>. The difference between the Romance languages and English is not so much where the tongue contacts the roof of the mouth but the part of the tongue that makes contact. In English, it is the tip of the tongue (such sounds are termed <a href="/wiki/Apical_consonant" title="Apical consonant">apical</a>), but in the Romance languages, it is the flat of the tongue just above the tip (such sounds are called <a href="/wiki/Laminal_consonant" title="Laminal consonant">laminal</a>). However, there are languages with true apical (or less commonly laminal) dental n. It is found in the <a href="/wiki/Mapuche_language" title="Mapuche language">Mapuche language</a> of South America, where it is actually <a href="/wiki/Interdental_consonant" title="Interdental consonant">interdental</a>. A true dental generally occurs <a href="/wiki/Allophone" title="Allophone">allophonically</a> before /θ/ in the languages that have it, as in English tenth. Similarly, a denti-alveolar allophone occurs in languages that have denti-alveolar stops, as in Spanish cinta. Some languages contrast laminal denti-alveolar and apical alveolar nasals. For example, in the <a href="/wiki/Malayalam" title="Malayalam">Malayalam</a> pronunciation of Nārāyanan, the first n is dental, the second is retroflex, and the third alveolar. A postalveolar nasal occurs in a number of <a href="/wiki/Australian_Aboriginal_languages" title="Australian Aboriginal languages">Australian Aboriginal languages</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Djeebbana_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Djeebbana language">Djeebbana</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jingulu_language" title="Jingulu language">Jingulu</a>.<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Features">1 Features</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Occurrence">2 Occurrence</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Dental_or_denti-alveolar">2.1 Dental or denti-alveolar</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Alveolar">2.2 Alveolar</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Postalveolar">2.3 Postalveolar</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Variable">2.4 Variable</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#See_also">3 See also</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#Notes">4 Notes</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#References">5 References</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="#External_links">6 External links</a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><h2 id="Features">Features</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Voiced_dental,_alveolar_and_postalveolar_nasals&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Features" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <a href="/wiki/File:Voiced_alveolar_nasal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Voiced_alveolar_nasal.svg/150px-Voiced_alveolar_nasal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="159" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="378" data-file-height="400"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 150px;height: 159px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Voiced_alveolar_nasal.svg/150px-Voiced_alveolar_nasal.svg.png" data-width="150" data-height="159" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Voiced_alveolar_nasal.svg/225px-Voiced_alveolar_nasal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Voiced_alveolar_nasal.svg/300px-Voiced_alveolar_nasal.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> Features of the voiced alveolar nasal: <ul><li>Its <a href="/wiki/Manner_of_articulation" title="Manner of articulation">manner of articulation</a> is <a href="/wiki/Occlusive_(phonetics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Occlusive (phonetics)">occlusive</a>, which means it is produced by obstructing airflow in the vocal tract. Because the consonant is also <a href="/wiki/Nasal_stop" class="mw-redirect" title="Nasal stop">nasal</a>, the blocked airflow is redirected through the nose.</li> <li>There are four specific variants of [n]: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dental_consonant" title="Dental consonant">Dental</a>, which means it is articulated with either the tip or the blade of the tongue at the upper <a href="/wiki/Teeth" class="mw-redirect" title="Teeth">teeth</a>, termed respectively <a href="/wiki/Apical_consonant" title="Apical consonant">apical</a> and <a href="/wiki/Laminal_consonant" title="Laminal consonant">laminal</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denti-alveolar_consonant" title="Denti-alveolar consonant">Denti-alveolar</a>, which means it is articulated with the blade of the tongue at the <a href="/wiki/Alveolar_ridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Alveolar ridge">alveolar ridge</a>, and the tip of the tongue behind upper teeth.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_consonant" title="Alveolar consonant">Alveolar</a>, which means it is articulated with either the tip or the blade of the tongue at the alveolar ridge, termed respectively apical and laminal.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postalveolar_consonant" title="Postalveolar consonant">Postalveolar</a>, which means it is articulated with either the tip or the blade of the tongue behind the alveolar ridge, termed respectively apical and laminal.</li></ul></li> <li>Its <a href="/wiki/Phonation" title="Phonation">phonation</a> is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.</li> <li>It is a <a href="/wiki/Nasalization" title="Nasalization">nasal</a> consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the nose, either exclusively (<a href="/wiki/Nasal_stop" class="mw-redirect" title="Nasal stop">nasal stops</a>) or in addition to through the mouth.</li> <li>It is a <a href="/wiki/Central_consonant" title="Central consonant">central consonant</a>, which means it is produced by directing the airstream along the center of the tongue, rather than to the sides.</li> <li>Its <a href="/wiki/Airstream_mechanism" title="Airstream mechanism">airstream mechanism</a> is <a href="/wiki/Pulmonic_egressive" class="mw-redirect" title="Pulmonic egressive">pulmonic</a>, which means it is articulated by pushing air solely with the <a href="/wiki/Intercostal_muscle" class="mw-redirect" title="Intercostal muscle">intercostal muscles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Abdominal_muscles" title="Abdominal muscles">abdominal muscles</a>, as in most sounds.</li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><h2 id="Occurrence">Occurrence</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Voiced_dental,_alveolar_and_postalveolar_nasals&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Occurrence" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dental_or_denti-alveolar">Dental or denti-alveolar</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Voiced_dental,_alveolar_and_postalveolar_nasals&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Dental or denti-alveolar" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Language</th> <th>Word</th> <th><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a></th> <th>Meaning</th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_language" title="Belarusian language">Belarusian</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPadluzhny198949%E2%80%9350-2">[2]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_alphabet" title="Belarusian alphabet">новы</a>/novy</td> <td>[ˈn̪ovɨ]</td> <td>'new'</td> <td>Laminal denti-alveolar. Contrasts with <a href="/wiki/Palatalization_(phonetics)" title="Palatalization (phonetics)">palatalized</a> form. See <a href="/wiki/Belarusian_phonology" title="Belarusian phonology">Belarusian phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_language" title="Bulgarian language">Bulgarian</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKlagstad195846-3">[3]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_alphabet" title="Macedonian alphabet">жена</a>/žena</td> <td>[ʒɛˈn̪a]</td> <td>'woman'</td> <td>Laminal denti-alveolar. </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Catalan_language" title="Catalan language">Catalan</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERafel199914-4">[4]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Catalan_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Catalan alphabet">cantar</a></td> <td>[kɐ̃n̪ˈt̪ɑ(ɾ)]</td> <td>'to sing'</td> <td>Laminal denti-alveolar. Allophone of /n/ before /t, d/.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERafel199914-4">[4]</a> See <a href="/wiki/Catalan_phonology" title="Catalan phonology">Catalan phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Chuvash_language" title="Chuvash language">Chuvash</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chuvash_language" title="Chuvash language">шăна</a>/šăna </td> <td>[ʃɒn̪a] </td> <td>'a fly' </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Flemish_dialects" title="Flemish dialects">Belgian</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dutch_orthography" title="Dutch orthography">nicht</a></td> <td>[n̻ɪxt̻]</td> <td>'niece'</td> <td>Laminal denti-alveolar, sometimes simply alveolar. See <a href="/wiki/Dutch_phonology" title="Dutch phonology">Dutch phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/English_orthography" title="English orthography">month</a></td> <td>[mʌn̪θ]</td> <td>'month'</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Interdental_consonant" title="Interdental consonant">Interdental</a>. Allophone of /n/ before /θ, ð/. </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto">Esperanto</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Esperanto_orthography" title="Esperanto orthography">Esperanto</a></td> <td>[espeˈran̪t̪o]</td> <td>'one who hopes'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Esperanto_phonology" title="Esperanto phonology">Esperanto phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Finnish_language" title="Finnish language">Finnish</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESuomiToivanenYlitalo200829-5">[5]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Finnish_orthography" title="Finnish orthography">ranta</a></td> <td>[ˈran̪t̪a]</td> <td>'beach'</td> <td>Allophone of /n/ before /t̪/. </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFougeronSmith199373-6">[6]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/French_orthography" title="French orthography">connexion</a></td> <td>[kɔn̻ɛksjɔ̃]</td> <td>'connection'</td> <td>Laminal denti-alveolar, sometimes simply alveolar. See <a href="/wiki/French_phonology" title="French phonology">French phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArvaniti200715-7">[7]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Greek_alphabet" title="Greek alphabet">άνθος</a>/<a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Greek" title="Romanization of Greek">ánthos</a></td> <td>[ˈɐn̪θo̞s]</td> <td>'flower'</td> <td>Interdental. Allophone of /n/. See <a href="/wiki/Modern_Greek_phonology" title="Modern Greek phonology">Modern Greek phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Hindustani_language" title="Hindustani language">Hindustani</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hindi_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindi Language">Hindi</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Devan%C4%81gar%C4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Devanāgarī">नया</a> / najā </td> <td rowspan="2">[n̪əjaː] </td> <td rowspan="2">'new' </td> <td rowspan="2">See <a href="/wiki/Hindi%E2%80%93Urdu_phonology" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindi–Urdu phonology">Hindi–Urdu phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Urdu_alphabet" title="Urdu alphabet">Urdu</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Urdu_alphabet" title="Urdu alphabet">نیا</a> / najā </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_language" title="Hungarian language">Hungarian</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESipt%C3%A1rT%C3%B6rkenczy200075%E2%80%9376-8">[8]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_orthography" title="Hungarian orthography">nagyi</a></td> <td>[ˈn̪ɒɟi]</td> <td>'grandma'</td> <td>Laminal denti-alveolar. See <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_phonology" title="Hungarian phonology">Hungarian phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBertinettoLoporcaro2005133-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECanepari199258-10">[10]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Italian_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian alphabet">cantare</a></td> <td>[kän̪ˈt̪äːre]</td> <td>'to sing'</td> <td>Laminal denti-alveolar.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECanepari199258-10">[10]</a> Allophone of /n/ before /t, d, s, z, t͡s, d͡z/.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBertinettoLoporcaro2005133-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECanepari199258-10">[10]</a> See <a href="/wiki/Italian_phonology" title="Italian phonology">Italian phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Irish_language" title="Irish language">Irish</a></td> <td>naoi</td> <td>[n̪ˠɰiː]</td> <td>'nine'</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Velarized" class="mw-redirect" title="Velarized">Velarized</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji">涙</a>/<a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Japanese" title="Romanization of Japanese">namida</a> </td> <td>[n̪ämʲid̪ä] </td> <td>'tear' </td> <td>Laminal denti-alveolar. See <a href="/wiki/Japanese_phonology" title="Japanese phonology">Japanese phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Kashubian_language" title="Kashubian language">Kashubian</a></td> <td>naprësk</td> <td>[n̪aprəsk]</td> <td>'shower'</td> <td align="left">Laminal denti-alveolar.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_language" title="Kazakh language">Kazakh</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_alphabets" title="Kazakh alphabets">көрінді/körindi</a></td> <td>[kœɾɪn̪d̪ɪ]</td> <td>'it seemed'</td> <td>Laminal denti-alveolar. Allophone of /n/ before /t, d/. </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_language" title="Kyrgyz language">Kyrgyz</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_alphabets" title="Kyrgyz alphabets">беделинде</a>/bedelinde</td> <td>[be̞d̪e̞lin̪d̪e̞]</td> <td>'in the authority'</td> <td>Laminal denti-alveolar. Allophone of /n/ before /t, d/. </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Latvian_language" title="Latvian language">Latvian</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENau19986-12">[12]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Latvian_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Latvian alphabet">nakts</a></td> <td>[n̪äkt̪s̪]</td> <td>'night'</td> <td>Laminal denti-alveolar. See <a href="/wiki/Latvian_phonology" title="Latvian phonology">Latvian phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_language" title="Macedonian language">Macedonian</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELunt19521-13">[13]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_alphabet" title="Macedonian alphabet">нос</a>/nos</td> <td>[n̪o̞s̪]</td> <td>'nose'</td> <td>Laminal denti-alveolar. See <a href="/wiki/Macedonian_phonology" title="Macedonian phonology">Macedonian phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Malayalam_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Malayalam language">Malayalam</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Malayalam_script" title="Malayalam script">പന്നി</a>/panni</td> <td>[pɐn̪ːi]</td> <td>'pig'</td> <td>Interdental for some speakers. See <a href="/wiki/Malayalam_phonology" class="mw-redirect" title="Malayalam phonology">Malayalam phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Mapuche_language" title="Mapuche language">Mapudungun</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESadowskyPainequeoSalamancaAvelino201388%E2%80%9389-14">[14]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mapudungun_alphabet" title="Mapudungun alphabet">müṉa</a></td> <td>[mɘ̝ˈn̪ɐ̝]</td> <td>'male cousin on father's side'</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Interdental_consonant" title="Interdental consonant">Interdental</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESadowskyPainequeoSalamancaAvelino201388%E2%80%9389-14">[14]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Marathi_language" title="Marathi language">Marathi</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Devan%C4%81gar%C4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Devanāgarī">नख</a>/nakh </td> <td>[n̪əkʰ] </td> <td>'fingernail' </td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Marathi_phonology" title="Marathi phonology">Marathi phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Nepali_language" title="Nepali language">Nepali</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Devan%C4%81gar%C4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Devanāgarī">सुगन्ध</a> </td> <td>[suˈɡʌn̪d̪ʱʌ] </td> <td>'fraɡrance' </td> <td>Allophone of /n/ in neighbourhood of /t̪, t̪ʰ, d̪, d̪ʱ/. </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoc%C5%82awski1976136-15">[15]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Polish_alphabet" title="Polish alphabet">nos</a></td> <td>[n̪ɔs̪]</td> <td>'nose'</td> <td>Laminal denti-alveolar. Alveolar before /t͡ʂ, d͡ʐ/. See <a href="/wiki/Polish_phonology" title="Polish phonology">Polish phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a></td> <td>General<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECruz-Ferreira199591-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarbosaAlbano2004230-17">[17]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_orthography" title="Portuguese orthography">narina</a></td> <td>[n̻ɐˈɾin̻ɐ]</td> <td>'nostril'</td> <td>Laminal denti-alveolar. May <a href="/wiki/Nasalization" title="Nasalization">nasalize</a> preceding vowel (especially if stressed). Has [<a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolo-palatal_nasal" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolo-palatal nasal">ɲ̟</a>] as allophone, forming from clusters with [<a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_approximant" title="Voiced palatal approximant">j</a>], and before /i/. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Vernacular <a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Portuguese" title="Brazilian Portuguese">Paulista</a><a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a></td> <td>percebendo</td> <td>[pe̞ʁse̞ˈbẽn̻u]</td> <td>'perceiving'</td> <td>Laminal denti-alveolar. Allophone of /<a href="/wiki/Voiced_dental_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced dental plosive">d</a>/ after a stressed <a href="/wiki/Nasal_vowel" title="Nasal vowel">nasal vowel</a> in more <a href="/wiki/Prestige_(sociolinguistics)" title="Prestige (sociolinguistics)">stigmatized</a> varieties. See <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_phonology" title="Portuguese phonology">Portuguese phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Romanian</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChi%C8%9Boran200110-20">[20]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Romanian_alphabet" title="Romanian alphabet">alună</a></td> <td>[äˈl̪un̪ə]</td> <td>'hazelnut'</td> <td>Laminal denti-alveolar. See <a href="/wiki/Romanian_phonology" title="Romanian phonology">Romanian phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Russian_alphabet" title="Russian alphabet">наш</a>/nash</td> <td>[n̪aʂ]</td> <td>'our'</td> <td>Laminal denti-alveolar, contrasts with palatalized form. See <a href="/wiki/Russian_phonology" title="Russian phonology">Russian phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Serbo-Croatian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Serbo-Croatian language">Serbo-Croatian</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_script" title="Cyrillic script">студент</a> / student</td> <td>[s̪t̪ǔd̪e̞n̪t̪]</td> <td>'student'</td> <td>Laminal denti-alveolar. Allophone of /n/ before /t, d, s, z, t͡s/. See <a href="/wiki/Serbo-Croatian_phonology" title="Serbo-Croatian phonology">Serbo-Croatian phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Slovene_language" title="Slovene language">Slovene</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Slovene_orthography" class="mw-redirect" title="Slovene orthography">prevarant</a></td> <td>[pɾeʋaˈɾǎːn̪t̪]</td> <td>'con artist'</td> <td>Laminal denti-alveolar. Allophone of /n/ before /t, d, s, z, t͡s/. See <a href="/wiki/Slovene_phonology" title="Slovene phonology">Slovene phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a></td> <td>Most dialects</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Spanish_orthography" title="Spanish orthography">cantar</a></td> <td>[kän̪ˈt̪är]</td> <td>'to sing'</td> <td>Laminal denti-alveolar. Allophone of /n/ before /t, d/. See <a href="/wiki/Spanish_phonology" title="Spanish phonology">Spanish phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tamil_script" title="Tamil script">நாடு</a>/nāḍu</td> <td>[n̪ɑːɖɯ]</td> <td>'country'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Tamil_phonology" title="Tamil phonology">Tamil phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Telugu_language" title="Telugu language">Telugu</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Telugu_script" title="Telugu script">నములుట</a></td> <td>[n̪amu]</td> <td>'To chew'</td> <td>Occurs as an <a href="/wiki/Allophone" title="Allophone">allophone</a> of <a href="/wiki/Anuswara" class="mw-redirect" title="Anuswara">anuswara</a> when followed by <a href="/wiki/Dental_stop" title="Dental stop">dental stops</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDanyenkoVakulenko199510-21">[21]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_alphabet" title="Ukrainian alphabet">наш</a>/nash</td> <td>[n̪ɑʃ]</td> <td>'our'</td> <td>Laminal denti-alveolar, contrasts with palatalized form. See <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_phonology" title="Ukrainian phonology">Ukrainian phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Uzbek_language" title="Uzbek language">Uzbek</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESjoberg196312-22">[22]</a></td> <td>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:AUDIENCE" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:AUDIENCE">example needed</a>]</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>Laminal denti-alveolar. </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alveolar">Alveolar</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Voiced_dental,_alveolar_and_postalveolar_nasals&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Alveolar" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Language</th> <th>Word</th> <th><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a></th> <th>Meaning</th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Adyghe_language" title="Adyghe language">Adyghe</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_script" title="Cyrillic script">нэфнэ</a>/nėfnė</td> <td>[nafna]</td> <td>'light'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Modern_Standard_Arabic" title="Modern Standard Arabic">Standard</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arabic_alphabet" title="Arabic alphabet">نور</a>/nūr</td> <td>[nuːr]</td> <td>'light'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Arabic_phonology" title="Arabic phonology">Arabic phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_Neo-Aramaic" class="mw-redirect" title="Assyrian Neo-Aramaic">Assyrian</a></td> <td>ܢܘܪܐ/nōra</td> <td>[noːɾaː]</td> <td>'mirror'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Basque_language" title="Basque language">Basque</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Basque_alphabet" title="Basque alphabet">ni</a></td> <td>[ni]</td> <td>'I'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bengali_alphabet" title="Bengali alphabet">নাক</a>/naak/nāk</td> <td>[naːk]</td> <td>'nose'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Bengali_phonology" title="Bengali phonology">Bengali phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Cantonese</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chinese_characters" title="Chinese characters">年</a>/<a href="/wiki/Yale_romanization_of_Cantonese" title="Yale romanization of Cantonese">nìhn</a></td> <td>[ni:n˨˩]</td> <td>'year'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Cantonese_phonology" title="Cantonese phonology">Cantonese phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Catalan_language" title="Catalan language">Catalan</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarbonellLlisterri199253-23">[23]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Catalan_orthography" title="Catalan orthography">neu</a></td> <td>[ˈneʊ̯]</td> <td>'snow'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Catalan_phonology" title="Catalan phonology">Catalan phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Czech_language" title="Czech language">Czech</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Czech_orthography" title="Czech orthography">na</a></td> <td>[na]</td> <td>'on'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Czech_phonology" title="Czech phonology">Czech phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGussenhoven199245-24">[24]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dutch_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch alphabet">nacht</a></td> <td>[nɑxt]</td> <td>'night'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Dutch_phonology" title="Dutch phonology">Dutch phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/English_orthography" title="English orthography">nice</a></td> <td><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui='{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/transcoded\/6\/6d\/Nice-pronunciation-audio.ogg\/Nice-pronunciation-audio.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"[na\u026as]<\/span>"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Nice-pronunciation-audio.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}'><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/transcoded/6/6d/Nice-pronunciation-audio.ogg/Nice-pronunciation-audio.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button">[naɪs]</a><a href="/wiki/File:Nice-pronunciation-audio.ogg" title="File:Nice-pronunciation-audio.ogg">ⓘ</a></td> <td>'nice'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/English_phonology" title="English phonology">English phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Finnish_language" title="Finnish language">Finnish</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Finnish_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Finnish alphabet">annan</a></td> <td>[ˈɑnːɑn]</td> <td>'I give'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Finnish_phonology" title="Finnish phonology">Finnish phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/German_alphabet" title="German alphabet">fünf</a></td> <td>[fʏnf]</td> <td>'five'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/German_phonology" class="mw-redirect" title="German phonology">German phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Georgian_language" title="Georgian language">Georgian</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShostedChikovani2006255-25">[25]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Georgian_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgian alphabet">კანი</a>/k'ani</td> <td>[ˈkʼɑni]</td> <td>'skin'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Greek_alphabet" title="Greek alphabet">νάμα</a>/<a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Greek" title="Romanization of Greek">náma</a></td> <td>[ˈnama]</td> <td>'communion wine'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Modern_Greek_phonology" title="Modern Greek phonology">Modern Greek phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_language" title="Gujarati language">Gujarati</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Gujarati alphabet">નહી</a>/nahi</td> <td>[nəhi]</td> <td>'no'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Gujarati_phonology" title="Gujarati phonology">Gujarati phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_language" title="Hawaiian language">Hawaiian</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELadefoged2005139-26">[26]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_alphabet" title="Hawaiian alphabet">naka</a></td> <td>[naka]</td> <td>'to shake'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_phonology" title="Hawaiian phonology">Hawaiian phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_orthography" class="mw-redirect" title="Hebrew orthography">נבון</a>/navon</td> <td>[navon]</td> <td>'wise'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Modern_Hebrew_phonology" title="Modern Hebrew phonology">Modern Hebrew phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERogersd'Arcangeli2004117-27">[27]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Italian_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian alphabet">nano</a></td> <td>[ˈnäːno]</td> <td>'dwarf'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Italian_phonology" title="Italian phonology">Italian phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Irish_language" title="Irish language">Irish</a></td> <td>binn</td> <td>[bʲiːnʲ]</td> <td>'peak'</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Palatalization_(phonetics)" title="Palatalization (phonetics)">Palatalized</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Khmer_language" title="Khmer language">Khmer</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Khmer_script" title="Khmer script">នគរ</a> nôkôr</td> <td>[nɔkɔː]</td> <td>'kingdom'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Khmer_phonology" class="mw-redirect" title="Khmer phonology">Khmer phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hangul" title="Hangul">나라</a>/<a href="/wiki/Revised_Romanization_of_Korean" title="Revised Romanization of Korean">nara</a></td> <td>[nɐɾɐ]</td> <td>'Country'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Korean_phonology" title="Korean phonology">Korean phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurdish languages">Kurdish</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kurmanji" title="Kurmanji">Northern</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurdish alphabet">giyanewer</a> </td> <td>[ˈgʲɪjä:ˈnɛwɛˈɾ] </td> <td rowspan="3">'animal' </td> <td rowspan="3">See <a href="/wiki/Kurdish_phonology" title="Kurdish phonology">Kurdish phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sorani" title="Sorani">Central</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurdish alphabet">گیانلەبەر</a>/gîyânlabar </td> <td>[ˈgʲiːäːnˈlæbæˈɾ] </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Southern_Kurdish" title="Southern Kurdish">Southern</a> </td> <td>[ˈgʲiːäːnˈlabaˈɾ] </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_language" title="Kyrgyz language">Kyrgyz</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKara200311-28">[28]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Kyrgyz alphabet">банан</a>/banan</td> <td>[baˈnan]</td> <td>'banana'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Malay_language" title="Malay language">Malay</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Malay_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Malay alphabet">nasi</a></td> <td>[näsi]</td> <td>'cooked rice'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Malayalam_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Malayalam language">Malayalam</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Malayalam_script" title="Malayalam script">ആന</a></td> <td>[äːn]</td> <td>'elephant'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Malayalam_phonology" class="mw-redirect" title="Malayalam phonology">Malayalam phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Maltese_language" title="Maltese language">Maltese</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Maltese_alphabet" title="Maltese alphabet">lenbuba</a></td> <td>[lenbuˈba]</td> <td>'truncheon'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Mandarin_Chinese" title="Mandarin Chinese">Mandarin</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">難</a>/<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">难</a>/<a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">nán</a> </td> <td>[nan˧˥] </td> <td>'difficult' </td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Mandarin_phonology" class="mw-redirect" title="Mandarin phonology">Mandarin phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Mapuche_language" title="Mapuche language">Mapudungun</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESadowskyPainequeoSalamancaAvelino201388%E2%80%9389-14">[14]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mapudungun_alphabet" title="Mapudungun alphabet">müna</a></td> <td>[mɘ̝ˈnɐ̝]</td> <td>'enough'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ngwe_language" title="Ngwe language">Ngwe</a></td> <td>Mmockngie dialect</td> <td colspan="2" align="center">[nøɣə̀]</td> <td>'sun'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Nepali_language" title="Nepali language">Nepali</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Devan%C4%81gar%C4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Devanāgarī">नक्कल</a>/nakkal </td> <td>[nʌkːʌl] </td> <td>'imitation' </td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Nepali_phonology" title="Nepali phonology">Nepali phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Odia_language" title="Odia language">Odia</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Odia_script" title="Odia script">ନାକ</a>/nāka</td> <td>[näkɔ]</td> <td>'nose'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Okinawan_language" title="Okinawan language">Okinawan</a></td> <td>ʻnmu</td> <td>[ʔn̩mu]</td> <td>'potato'</td> <td>Can occur as onset, nucleus, or coda. Allophone of [m], [ŋ], and [ɴ] in coda, but phonemic elsewhere. </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Persian_orthography" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian orthography">نون</a>/nun </td> <td>[nun] </td> <td>'bread' </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Pirah%C3%A3_language" title="Pirahã language">Pirahã</a></td> <td>gíxai</td> <td>[níˈʔàì̯]</td> <td>'you'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoc%C5%82awski1976136-15">[15]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Polish_alphabet" title="Polish alphabet">poncz</a></td> <td>[ˈpɔn̥t͡ʂ]</td> <td>'<a href="/wiki/Punch_(drink)" title="Punch (drink)">punch</a>'</td> <td>Allophone of /n/ (which is normally laminal denti-alveolar [<a href="/wiki/Voiced_dental_nasal" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced dental nasal">n̪</a>]) before /t͡ʂ, d͡ʐ/. See <a href="/wiki/Polish_phonology" title="Polish phonology">Polish phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_language" title="Punjabi language">Punjabi</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gurmukhi" title="Gurmukhi">ਨੱਕ</a>/nakk</td> <td>[nəkː]</td> <td>'nose'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Slovak_language" title="Slovak language">Slovak</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Slovak_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Slovak alphabet">na</a></td> <td>[nä]</td> <td>'on'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Slovene_language" title="Slovene language">Slovene</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPretnarTokarz198021-29">[29]</a> </td> <td>Common</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Slovene_orthography" class="mw-redirect" title="Slovene orthography">novice</a></td> <td>[noˈʋìːt̪͡s̪ɛ́]</td> <td>'news'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Some speakers </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Slovene_orthography" class="mw-redirect" title="Slovene orthography">konj</a> </td> <td>[ˈkɔ̂nː] </td> <td>'horse' </td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Slovene_phonology" title="Slovene phonology">Slovene phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMart%C3%ADnez-Celdr%C3%A1nFern%C3%A1ndez-PlanasCarrera-Sabat%C3%A92003255-30">[30]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Spanish_orthography" title="Spanish orthography">nada</a></td> <td>[ˈnäð̞ä]</td> <td>'nothing'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Spanish_phonology" title="Spanish phonology">Spanish phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Swahili_language" title="Swahili language">Swahili</a> </td> <td>ndizi </td> <td>[n̩dizi] </td> <td>'banana' </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Tagalog_language" title="Tagalog language">Tagalog</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tagalog_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Tagalog alphabet">nipis</a></td> <td>[nipis]</td> <td>'thin'</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tagalog_phonology" title="Tagalog phonology">Tagalog phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Thai_language" title="Thai language">Thai</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Thai_script" title="Thai script">นอน</a>/<a href="/wiki/Thai_script" title="Thai script">non</a> </td> <td>[nɔːn] </td> <td>'sleep' </td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Thai_language#Phonology" title="Thai language">Thai phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Toki_Pona" title="Toki Pona">Toki Pona</a> </td> <td>noka </td> <td>[noka] </td> <td>'foot' </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Turkish_alphabet" title="Turkish alphabet">neden</a></td> <td>[ne̞d̪æn]</td> <td>'reason'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Turkish_phonology" title="Turkish phonology">Turkish phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tamil_script" title="Tamil script">மனசு</a>/manasu</td> <td>[mʌnʌsɯ]</td> <td>'mind', 'heart'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Tamil_phonology" title="Tamil phonology">Tamil phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_language" title="Vietnamese language">Vietnamese</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson1959458%E2%80%93461-31">[31]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_alphabet" title="Vietnamese alphabet">bạn đi</a></td> <td>[ɓanˀ˧˨ʔ ɗi]</td> <td>'you're going'</td> <td>Occurs only before alveolar consonants. See <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_phonology" title="Vietnamese phonology">Vietnamese phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Welsh_language" title="Welsh language">Welsh</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Welsh_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Welsh alphabet">nain</a></td> <td>[nain]</td> <td>'grandmother'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Welsh_phonology" title="Welsh phonology">Welsh phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Western_Apache_language" title="Western Apache language">Western Apache</a></td> <td>non</td> <td><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-2" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui='{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/4\/4c\/En-us-non.ogg\/En-us-non.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"[n\u00f2n]<\/span>"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"En-us-non.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}'><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4c/En-us-non.ogg/En-us-non.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button">[nòn]</a><a href="/wiki/File:En-us-non.ogg" title="File:En-us-non.ogg">ⓘ</a></td> <td>'cache'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/West_Frisian_language" title="West Frisian language">West Frisian</a></td> <td>nekke</td> <td>[ˈnɛkə]</td> <td>'neck'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Yi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Yi language">Yi</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yi_script" title="Yi script">ꆅ</a>/<a href="/wiki/Yi_script" title="Yi script">na</a></td> <td>[na˧ ]</td> <td>'hurt'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Zapotec_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Zapotec language">Zapotec</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tilquiapan_Zapotec" title="Tilquiapan Zapotec">Tilquiapan</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMerrill2008108-32">[32]</a></td> <td>nanɨɨ</td> <td>[nanɨˀɨ]</td> <td>'lady'</td> <td>contrasts with a fortis alveolar nasal that is not represented in the orthography. </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Postalveolar">Postalveolar</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Voiced_dental,_alveolar_and_postalveolar_nasals&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Postalveolar" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Retroflex_nasal" class="mw-redirect" title="Retroflex nasal">Retroflex nasal</a></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Language</th> <th>Word</th> <th><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a></th> <th>Meaning</th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Catalan_language" title="Catalan language">Catalan</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERafel199914-4">[4]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Catalan_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Catalan alphabet">panxa</a></td> <td>['pän̠ɕə]<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a></td> <td>'belly'</td> <td>Allophone of /n/ before /ʃ, ʒ, t͡ʃ, d͡ʒ/, may be <a href="/wiki/Palatal_nasal" class="mw-redirect" title="Palatal nasal">alveolo-palatal</a> instead.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERafel199914-4">[4]</a> See <a href="/wiki/Catalan_phonology" title="Catalan phonology">Catalan phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Djeebbana_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Djeebbana language">Djeebbana</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDixon2002585-34">[34]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Transcription_of_Australian_Aboriginal_languages" title="Transcription of Australian Aboriginal languages">barnmarramarlón̠a</a></td> <td>[ban̠maramal̠ɔn̪a]</td> <td>'they two swam'</td> <td>Result of rhotic plus alveolar [n].<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDixon2002585-34">[34]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Australian_English" title="Australian English">Australian</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMannellCoxHarrington2009-35">[35]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/English_orthography" title="English orthography">enrol</a></td> <td>[əṉˈɹ̠ɔo̯ɫ]</td> <td>'enrol'</td> <td>Allophone of /n/ before /r/.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMannellCoxHarrington2009-35">[35]</a> See <a href="/wiki/Australian_English_phonology" title="Australian English phonology">Australian English phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECanepari199258%E2%80%9359-36">[36]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Italian_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian alphabet">angelo</a></td> <td>[ˈän̠ʲːd͡ʒelo]</td> <td>'angel'</td> <td>Palatalized laminal; allophone of /n/ before /ʃ, t͡ʃ, d͡ʒ/.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECanepari199258%E2%80%9359-36">[36]</a> See <a href="/wiki/Italian_phonology" title="Italian phonology">Italian phonology</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Variable">Variable</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Voiced_dental,_alveolar_and_postalveolar_nasals&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Variable" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Language</th> <th>Word</th> <th><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a></th> <th>Meaning</th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Scottish_English" title="Scottish English">Scottish</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEScobbieGordeevaMatthews20064-37">[37]</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/English_orthography" title="English orthography">nice</a></td> <td rowspan="2">[nəis]</td> <td rowspan="2">'nice'</td> <td rowspan="2"> Laminal denti-alveolar for some speakers, alveolar for other speakers.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEScobbieGordeevaMatthews20064-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWells1982388-38">[38]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Welsh_English" title="Welsh English">Welsh</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWells1982388-38">[38]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Standard_German" title="Standard German">Standard</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMangold200549-39">[39]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/German_orthography" title="German orthography">Lanze</a></td> <td>[ˈlant͡sə]</td> <td>'lance'</td> <td>Varies between laminal denti-alveolar, laminal alveolar and apical alveolar.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMangold200549-39">[39]</a> See <a href="/wiki/Standard_German_phonology" title="Standard German phonology">Standard German phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_language" title="Norwegian language">Norwegian</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Urban_East_Norwegian" title="Urban East Norwegian">Urban East</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKristoffersen200022-40">[40]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Norwegian alphabet">mann</a></td> <td>[mɑn̻ː]</td> <td>'man'</td> <td>Varies between laminal denti-alveolar and laminal alveolar.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKristoffersen200022-40">[40]</a> See <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_phonology" title="Norwegian phonology">Norwegian phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a></td> <td>Central Standard<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERiad201446-41">[41]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Swedish_alphabet" title="Swedish alphabet">nu</a></td> <td>[nʉ̟ː]</td> <td>'now'</td> <td>Varies between laminal denti-alveolar and alveolar, with the former being predominant.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERiad201446-41">[41]</a> See <a href="/wiki/Swedish_phonology" title="Swedish phonology">Swedish phonology</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Voiced_dental,_alveolar_and_postalveolar_nasals&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_phonetics_articles" title="Index of phonetics articles">Index of phonetics articles</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Voiced_dental,_alveolar_and_postalveolar_nasals&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Notes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 25em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFChadwick1975" class="citation book cs1">Chadwick, Neil J. (1975). A descriptive study of the Djingili language. Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+descriptive+study+of+the+Djingili+language&rft.pub=Australian+Institute+of+Aboriginal+Studies&rft.date=1975&rft.aulast=Chadwick&rft.aufirst=Neil+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoiced+dental%2C+alveolar+and+postalveolar+nasals" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPadluzhny198949–50-2"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPadluzhny198949%E2%80%9350_2-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPadluzhny1989">Padluzhny (1989)</a>, pp. 49–50. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKlagstad195846-3"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKlagstad195846_3-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKlagstad1958">Klagstad (1958)</a>, p. 46. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERafel199914-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERafel199914_4-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERafel199914_4-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERafel199914_4-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERafel199914_4-3">d</a> <a href="#CITEREFRafel1999">Rafel (1999)</a>, p. 14. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESuomiToivanenYlitalo200829-5"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESuomiToivanenYlitalo200829_5-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSuomiToivanenYlitalo2008">Suomi, Toivanen & Ylitalo (2008)</a>, p. 29. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFougeronSmith199373-6"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFougeronSmith199373_6-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFougeronSmith1993">Fougeron & Smith (1993)</a>, p. 73. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEArvaniti200715-7"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArvaniti200715_7-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFArvaniti2007">Arvaniti (2007)</a>, p. 15. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESiptárTörkenczy200075–76-8"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESipt%C3%A1rT%C3%B6rkenczy200075%E2%80%9376_8-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSipt%C3%A1rT%C3%B6rkenczy2000">Siptár & Törkenczy (2000)</a>, pp. 75–76. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBertinettoLoporcaro2005133-9">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBertinettoLoporcaro2005133_9-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBertinettoLoporcaro2005133_9-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFBertinettoLoporcaro2005">Bertinetto & Loporcaro (2005)</a>, p. 133. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECanepari199258-10">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECanepari199258_10-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECanepari199258_10-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECanepari199258_10-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFCanepari1992">Canepari (1992)</a>, p. 58. </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJerzy_Treder" class="citation web cs1">Jerzy Treder. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304000614/http://www.rastko.net/rastko-ka/index2.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=227&pop=1&page=0&Itemid=26">"Fonetyka i fonologia"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rastko.net/rastko-ka/index2.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=227&pop=1&page=0&Itemid=26">the original</a> on 2016-03-04.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fonetyka+i+fonologia&rft.au=Jerzy+Treder&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rastko.net%2Frastko-ka%2Findex2.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26task%3Dview%26id%3D227%26pop%3D1%26page%3D0%26Itemid%3D26&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoiced+dental%2C+alveolar+and+postalveolar+nasals" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENau19986-12"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENau19986_12-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFNau1998">Nau (1998)</a>, p. 6. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELunt19521-13"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELunt19521_13-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLunt1952">Lunt (1952)</a>, p. 1. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESadowskyPainequeoSalamancaAvelino201388–89-14">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESadowskyPainequeoSalamancaAvelino201388%E2%80%9389_14-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESadowskyPainequeoSalamancaAvelino201388%E2%80%9389_14-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESadowskyPainequeoSalamancaAvelino201388%E2%80%9389_14-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFSadowskyPainequeoSalamancaAvelino2013">Sadowsky et al. (2013)</a>, pp. 88–89. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERocławski1976136-15">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoc%C5%82awski1976136_15-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoc%C5%82awski1976136_15-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFRoc%C5%82awski1976">Rocławski (1976)</a>, p. 136. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECruz-Ferreira199591-16"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECruz-Ferreira199591_16-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCruz-Ferreira1995">Cruz-Ferreira (1995)</a>, p. 91. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarbosaAlbano2004230-17"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarbosaAlbano2004230_17-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBarbosaAlbano2004">Barbosa & Albano (2004)</a>, p. 230. </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> (in Portuguese) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.acervodigital.unesp.br/handle/123456789/36671">Unesp's digital collection – The deleting of /d/ in the morpheme of the gerund in São José do Rio Preto's accent</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20121231231340/http://www.acervodigital.unesp.br/handle/123456789/36671">Archived</a> 2012-12-31 at <a href="/wiki/Archive.today" title="Archive.today">archive.today</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> (in Portuguese) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.athena.biblioteca.unesp.br/exlibris/bd/brp/33004153069P5/2010/ferreira_js_me_sjrp.pdf">The deletting of /d/ in the morpheme of the gerund in São José do Rio Preto's accent – PDF</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChițoran200110-20"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChi%C8%9Boran200110_20-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFChi%C8%9Boran2001">Chițoran (2001)</a>, p. 10. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDanyenkoVakulenko199510-21"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDanyenkoVakulenko199510_21-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDanyenkoVakulenko1995">Danyenko & Vakulenko (1995)</a>, p. 10. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESjoberg196312-22"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESjoberg196312_22-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSjoberg1963">Sjoberg (1963)</a>, p. 12. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECarbonellLlisterri199253-23"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarbonellLlisterri199253_23-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCarbonellLlisterri1992">Carbonell & Llisterri (1992)</a>, p. 53. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGussenhoven199245-24"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGussenhoven199245_24-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGussenhoven1992">Gussenhoven (1992)</a>, p. 45. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEShostedChikovani2006255-25"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShostedChikovani2006255_25-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFShostedChikovani2006">Shosted & Chikovani (2006)</a>, p. 255. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELadefoged2005139-26"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELadefoged2005139_26-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLadefoged2005">Ladefoged (2005)</a>, p. 139. sfnp error: no target: CITEREFLadefoged2005 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERogersd'Arcangeli2004117-27"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERogersd'Arcangeli2004117_27-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRogersd'Arcangeli2004">Rogers & d'Arcangeli (2004)</a>, p. 117. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKara200311-28"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKara200311_28-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKara2003">Kara (2003)</a>, p. 11. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPretnarTokarz198021-29"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPretnarTokarz198021_29-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPretnarTokarz1980">Pretnar & Tokarz (1980)</a>, p. 21. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartínez-CeldránFernández-PlanasCarrera-Sabaté2003255-30"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMart%C3%ADnez-Celdr%C3%A1nFern%C3%A1ndez-PlanasCarrera-Sabat%C3%A92003255_30-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMart%C3%ADnez-Celdr%C3%A1nFern%C3%A1ndez-PlanasCarrera-Sabat%C3%A92003">Martínez-Celdrán, Fernández-Planas & Carrera-Sabaté (2003)</a>, p. 255. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson1959458–461-31"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson1959458%E2%80%93461_31-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFThompson1959">Thompson (1959)</a>, pp. 458–461. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMerrill2008108-32"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMerrill2008108_32-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMerrill2008">Merrill (2008)</a>, p. 108. </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> Valencian pronunciation: ['pän̠t͡ɕä]. What are transcribed /ʃ, ʒ, t͡ʃ, d͡ʒ/ in Catalan are actually alveolo-palatal sibilants [<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolo-palatal_fricative" title="Voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative">ɕ</a>, <a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolo-palatal_fricative" title="Voiced alveolo-palatal fricative">ʑ</a>, <a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolo-palatal_affricate" title="Voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate">t͡ɕ</a>, <a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolo-palatal_affricate" title="Voiced alveolo-palatal affricate">d͡ʑ</a>]. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDixon2002585-34">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon2002585_34-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon2002585_34-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFDixon2002">Dixon (2002)</a>, p. 585. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMannellCoxHarrington2009-35">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMannellCoxHarrington2009_35-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMannellCoxHarrington2009_35-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFMannellCoxHarrington2009">Mannell, Cox & Harrington (2009)</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECanepari199258–59-36">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECanepari199258%E2%80%9359_36-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECanepari199258%E2%80%9359_36-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFCanepari1992">Canepari (1992)</a>, pp. 58–59. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEScobbieGordeevaMatthews20064-37">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScobbieGordeevaMatthews20064_37-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScobbieGordeevaMatthews20064_37-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFScobbieGordeevaMatthews2006">Scobbie, Gordeeva & Matthews (2006)</a>, p. 4. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWells1982388-38">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWells1982388_38-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWells1982388_38-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFWells1982">Wells (1982)</a>, p. 388. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMangold200549-39">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMangold200549_39-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMangold200549_39-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFMangold2005">Mangold (2005)</a>, p. 49. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKristoffersen200022-40">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKristoffersen200022_40-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKristoffersen200022_40-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFKristoffersen2000">Kristoffersen (2000)</a>, p. 22. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERiad201446-41">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERiad201446_41-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERiad201446_41-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFRiad2014">Riad (2014)</a>, p. 46. </li> </ol></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><h2 id="References">References</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Voiced_dental,_alveolar_and_postalveolar_nasals&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 25em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArvaniti2007" class="citation cs2">Arvaniti, Amalia (2007), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131211020607/http://www.kent.ac.uk/secl/ell/staff/amalia-arvaniti/docs/Greek%20Phonetics%20-%20The%20State%20of%20the%20Art.pdf">"Greek Phonetics: The State of the Art"</a> (PDF), Journal of Greek Linguistics, 8: 97–208, <a href="/wiki/CiteSeerX_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="CiteSeerX (identifier)">CiteSeerX</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.692.1365">10.1.1.692.1365</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1075%2Fjgl.8.08arv">10.1075/jgl.8.08arv</a>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kent.ac.uk/secl/ell/staff/amalia-arvaniti/docs/Greek%20Phonetics%20-%20The%20State%20of%20the%20Art.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 2013-12-11</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Greek+Linguistics&rft.atitle=Greek+Phonetics%3A+The+State+of+the+Art&rft.volume=8&rft.pages=97-208&rft.date=2007&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fciteseerx.ist.psu.edu%2Fviewdoc%2Fsummary%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.692.1365%23id-name%3DCiteSeerX&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1075%2Fjgl.8.08arv&rft.aulast=Arvaniti&rft.aufirst=Amalia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kent.ac.uk%2Fsecl%2Fell%2Fstaff%2Famalia-arvaniti%2Fdocs%2FGreek%2520Phonetics%2520-%2520The%2520State%2520of%2520the%2520Art.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoiced+dental%2C+alveolar+and+postalveolar+nasals" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarbosaAlbano2004" class="citation cs2">Barbosa, Plínio A.; Albano, Eleonora C. 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Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 35 (2): 131–151. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0025100305002148">10.1017/S0025100305002148</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+International+Phonetic+Association&rft.atitle=The+sound+pattern+of+Standard+Italian%2C+as+compared+with+the+varieties+spoken+in+Florence%2C+Milan+and+Rome&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=131-151&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0025100305002148&rft.aulast=Bertinetto&rft.aufirst=Marco&rft.au=Loporcaro%2C+Michele&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1017%252FS0025100305002148&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoiced+dental%2C+alveolar+and+postalveolar+nasals" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCanepari1992" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Canepari, Luciano (1992), Il MªPi – Manuale di pronuncia italiana [Handbook of Italian Pronunciation] (in Italian), Bologna: Zanichelli, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-88-08-24624-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-88-08-24624-0"><bdi>978-88-08-24624-0</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Il+M%C2%AAPi+%E2%80%93+Manuale+di+pronuncia+italiana&rft.place=Bologna&rft.pub=Zanichelli&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-88-08-24624-0&rft.aulast=Canepari&rft.aufirst=Luciano&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoiced+dental%2C+alveolar+and+postalveolar+nasals" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarbonellLlisterri1992" class="citation cs2">Carbonell, Joan F.; 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Edinburgh: QMU Speech Science Research Centre Working Papers. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eresearch.qmu.ac.uk/handle/20.500.12289/149">the original</a> on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2014-06-01.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Acquisition+of+Scottish+English+Phonology%3A+an+overview&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Scobbie&rft.aufirst=James+M&rft.au=Gordeeva%2C+Olga+B.&rft.au=Matthews%2C+Benjamin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feresearch.qmu.ac.uk%2Fhandle%2F20.500.12289%2F149&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoiced+dental%2C+alveolar+and+postalveolar+nasals" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShostedChikovani2006" class="citation cs2">Shosted, Ryan K.; Chikovani, Vakhtang (2006), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/A7DCF9606BA856FCA5CC25918ADB37EF/S0025100306002659a.pdf/standard_georgian.pdf">"Standard Georgian"</a> (PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 36 (2): 255–264, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0025100306002659">10.1017/S0025100306002659</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+International+Phonetic+Association&rft.atitle=Standard+Georgian&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=255-264&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0025100306002659&rft.aulast=Shosted&rft.aufirst=Ryan+K.&rft.au=Chikovani%2C+Vakhtang&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fcore%2Fservices%2Faop-cambridge-core%2Fcontent%2Fview%2FA7DCF9606BA856FCA5CC25918ADB37EF%2FS0025100306002659a.pdf%2Fstandard_georgian.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoiced+dental%2C+alveolar+and+postalveolar+nasals" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSiptárTörkenczy2000" class="citation cs2">Siptár, Péter; Törkenczy, Miklós (2000), The Phonology of Hungarian, New York: Oxford University Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-823841-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-823841-6"><bdi>978-0-19-823841-6</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Phonology+of+Hungarian&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-19-823841-6&rft.aulast=Sipt%C3%A1r&rft.aufirst=P%C3%A9ter&rft.au=T%C3%B6rkenczy%2C+Mikl%C3%B3s&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoiced+dental%2C+alveolar+and+postalveolar+nasals" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSjoberg1963" class="citation cs2">Sjoberg, Andrée F. (1963), Uzbek Structural Grammar, Uralic and Altaic Series, vol. 18, Bloomington: Indiana University</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Uzbek+Structural+Grammar&rft.place=Bloomington&rft.series=Uralic+and+Altaic+Series&rft.pub=Indiana+University&rft.date=1963&rft.aulast=Sjoberg&rft.aufirst=Andr%C3%A9e+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoiced+dental%2C+alveolar+and+postalveolar+nasals" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSuomiToivanenYlitalo2008" class="citation cs2">Suomi, Kari; Toivanen, Juhani; Ylitalo, Riikka (2008), Finnish Sound Structure, Oulu: Oulu University Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-951-42-8983-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-951-42-8983-5"><bdi>978-951-42-8983-5</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Finnish+Sound+Structure&rft.place=Oulu&rft.pub=Oulu+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-951-42-8983-5&rft.aulast=Suomi&rft.aufirst=Kari&rft.au=Toivanen%2C+Juhani&rft.au=Ylitalo%2C+Riikka&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoiced+dental%2C+alveolar+and+postalveolar+nasals" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThompson1959" class="citation cs2">Thompson, Laurence (1959), "Saigon phonemics", Language, 35 (3): 454–476, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F411232">10.2307/411232</a>, <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/411232">411232</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Language&rft.atitle=Saigon+phonemics&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=454-476&rft.date=1959&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F411232&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F411232%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=Laurence&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoiced+dental%2C+alveolar+and+postalveolar+nasals" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWells1982" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-long-vol"><a href="/wiki/John_C._Wells" title="John C. Wells">Wells, John C.</a> (1982), Accents of English, vol. 2: The British Isles, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Accents+of+English&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1982&rft.aulast=Wells&rft.aufirst=John+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoiced+dental%2C+alveolar+and+postalveolar+nasals" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Voiced_dental,_alveolar_and_postalveolar_nasals&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> 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absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Voiced_dental,_alveolar_and_postalveolar_nasals&oldid=1241841788">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Voiced_dental,_alveolar_and_postalveolar_nasals&oldid=1241841788</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=Voiced_dental,_alveolar_and_postalveolar_nasals&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> Last edited on 23 August 2024, at 12:51 </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alveolarer_Nasal" title="Alveolarer Nasal – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Alveolarer Nasal" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%88%D9%8A_%D8%A3%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A" title="لثوي أنفي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لثوي أنفي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%98%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B7_%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF,_%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%82_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF" title="ঘোষ দন্ত্য, দন্তমূলীয় এবং পশ্চাদ্দন্তমূলীয় নাসিক্যধ্বনি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ঘোষ দন্ত্য, দন্তমূলীয় এবং পশ্চাদ্দন্তমূলীয় নাসিক্যধ্বনি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kh%C3%AD-g%C3%BBn_ph%C4%AB%E2%81%BF-im" title="Khí-gûn phīⁿ-im – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Khí-gûn phīⁿ-im" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B2%D1%83%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Звучна венечна носова съгласна – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Звучна венечна носова съгласна" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frienn_logigo%C3%B9_mouezhiet" title="Frienn logigoù mouezhiet – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Frienn logigoù mouezhiet" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasal_alveolar_sonora" title="Nasal alveolar sonora – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Nasal alveolar sonora" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alveol%C3%A1rn%C3%AD_naz%C3%A1la" title="Alveolární nazála – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Alveolární nazála" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stimmhafter_alveolarer_Nasal" title="Stimmhafter alveolarer Nasal – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Stimmhafter alveolarer Nasal" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasal_alveolar" title="Nasal alveolar – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Nasal alveolar" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%DB%8C%D8%B4%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%8C_%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%88%DB%8C_%D9%88_%D9%BE%D8%B3%E2%80%8C%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%88%DB%8C_%D9%88%D8%A7%DA%A9%E2%80%8C%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="خیشومی‌های دندانی، لثوی و پس‌لثوی واک‌دار – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="خیشومی‌های دندانی، لثوی و پس‌لثوی واک‌دار" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consonne_nasale_alv%C3%A9olaire_vois%C3%A9e" title="Consonne nasale alvéolaire voisée – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Consonne nasale alvéolaire voisée" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B9%98%EA%B2%BD_%EB%B9%84%EC%9D%8C" title="치경 비음 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="치경 비음" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF,_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%94%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="दन्त्य, वर्त्स्य और पश्वर्त्स्य नासिक्य – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="दन्त्य, वर्त्स्य और पश्वर्त्स्य नासिक्य" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alveolarni_nazal" title="Alveolarni nazal – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Alveolarni nazal" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konsonan_sengau_rongga-gigi" title="Konsonan sengau rongga-gigi – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Konsonan sengau rongga-gigi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasale_alveolare" title="Nasale alveolare – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Nasale alveolare" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%A8_%D7%9E%D7%9B%D7%AA%D7%A9%D7%99,_%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%99" title="עיצור מכתשי, אפי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="עיצור מכתשי, אפי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alveol%C4%81rs_naz%C4%81ls_l%C4%ABdzskanis" title="Alveolārs nazāls līdzskanis – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Alveolārs nazāls līdzskanis" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alveolaire_nasaal" title="Alveolaire nasaal – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Alveolaire nasaal" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alveol%C3%A1ris_naz%C3%A1lis" title="Alveoláris nazális – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Alveoláris nazális" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sengauan_gusi" title="Sengauan gusi – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Sengauan gusi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alveolaire_nasaal" title="Alveolaire nasaal – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Alveolaire nasaal" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AD%AF%E8%8C%8E%E9%BC%BB%E9%9F%B3" title="歯茎鼻音 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="歯茎鼻音" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sp%C3%B3%C5%82g%C5%82oska_nosowa_dzi%C4%85s%C5%82owa_d%C5%BAwi%C4%99czna" title="Spółgłoska nosowa dziąsłowa dźwięczna – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Spółgłoska nosowa dziąsłowa dźwięczna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasal_alveolar" title="Nasal alveolar – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Nasal alveolar" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consoan%C4%83_nazal%C4%83_alveolar%C4%83" title="Consoană nazală alveolară – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Consoană nazală alveolară" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9" title="Переднеязычный носовой согласный – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Переднеязычный носовой согласный" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_nasal" title="Voiced alveolar nasal – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Voiced alveolar nasal" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Надзубни назал – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Надзубни назал" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alveolaarinen_nasaali" title="Alveolaarinen nasaali – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Alveolaarinen nasaali" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alveolar_nasal" title="Alveolar nasal – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Alveolar nasal" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81_%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81" title="เสียงนาสิก ปุ่มเหงือก – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เสียงนาสิก ปุ่มเหงือก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Di%C5%9Fyuvas%C4%B1l_genizsil_%C3%BCns%C3%BCz" title="Dişyuvasıl genizsil ünsüz – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Dişyuvasıl genizsil ünsüz" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B7%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Дзвінкий ясенний носовий – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Дзвінкий ясенний носовий" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naza%C5%82e_alveo%C5%82are" title="Nazałe alveołare – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Nazałe alveołare" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BD%92%E9%BD%A6%E9%BC%BB%E9%9F%B3" title="齒齦鼻音 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="齒齦鼻音" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BD%92%E9%BD%A6%E9%BC%BB%E9%9F%B3" title="齒齦鼻音 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="齒齦鼻音" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 23 August 2024, at 12:51 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">CC BY-SA 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted.</li> </ul> <ul 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