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Available in 20 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-20" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">20 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Чжан Дацянь – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Чжан Дацянь" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chang_Dai-chien" title="Chang Dai-chien – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Chang Dai-chien" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cang_Ta-%C4%8Dchien" title="Čang Ta-čchien – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Čang Ta-čchien" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhang_Daqian" title="Zhang Daqian – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Zhang Daqian" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chang_Dai-chien" title="Chang Dai-chien – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Chang Dai-chien" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chang_Dai-chien" title="Chang Dai-chien – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Chang Dai-chien" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9E%A5%EB%8B%A4%EC%B2%B8" title="장다첸 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="장다첸" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chang_Dai-chien" title="Chang Dai-chien – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Chang Dai-chien" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97_%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9B%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="चांग ताछ्यान – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="चांग ताछ्यान" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86" title="زهانج داكيان – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="زهانج داكيان" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhang_Daqian" title="Zhang Daqian – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Zhang Daqian" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BC%B5%E5%A4%A7%E5%8D%83" title="張大千 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="張大千" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chang_Dai-chien" title="Chang Dai-chien – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Chang Dai-chien" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Чжан Дацянь – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Чжан Дацянь" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhang_Daqian" title="Zhang Daqian – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Zhang Daqian" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87_%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99" title="จาง ต้าเชียน – Thai" lang="th" 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href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BC%A0%E5%A4%A7%E5%8D%83" title="张大千 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="张大千" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BC%B5%E5%A4%A7%E5%8D%83" title="張大千 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="張大千" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q163298#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div 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</div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" 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div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">In this <a href="/wiki/Chinese_name" title="Chinese name">Chinese name</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_surname" title="Chinese surname">family name</a> is <i> <a href="/wiki/Zhang_(surname)" title="Zhang (surname)">Chang (Zhang)</a></i>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Chang Dai-chien<br /><small>Zhang Daqian</small></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:125%;">張大千</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Chang_Dai-chien.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/73/Chang_Dai-chien.jpg/220px-Chang_Dai-chien.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="348" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/7/73/Chang_Dai-chien.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="253" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Zhāng Zhèngquán (張正權)</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1899-05-10</span>)</span>10 May 1899<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Neijiang" title="Neijiang">Neijiang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a>, China</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">2 April 1983<span style="display:none">(1983-04-02)</span> (aged 83)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Taipei" title="Taipei">Taipei</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category">Republic of China (ROC)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Painting" title="Painting">Painting</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Movement</th><td class="infobox-data category"><i><a href="/wiki/Guohua" class="mw-redirect" title="Guohua">guohua</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Impressionism" title="Impressionism">impressionism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Expressionism" title="Expressionism">expressionism</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse(s)</th><td class="infobox-data">Xie Shunhua (謝舜華), Huang Ningsu (黃凝素), Zheng Qingrong (曾慶蓉), Yang Wanjun (楊婉君), Xu Wenbo (徐雯波)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">Chinese name</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant" style="font-size: 1rem;">張大千</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans" style="font-size: 1rem;">张大千</span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Zhāng Dàqiān</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Chang Ta-ch'ien</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn"><span class="IPA" lang="cmn-Latn-fonipa" style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">[ʈʂáŋ tâ.tɕʰjɛ́n]</a></span></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Chang Dai-chien</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">Zhang Xinrui (eldest daughter) (長女張心瑞)、 Zhang Xincheng (son) (子張心澄)、Zhang Xinsheng (youngest daughter)(么女張心聲)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Chang Dai-chien</b> or <b>Zhang Daqian</b> (<a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hant">張大千</span>; <a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn-wadegile"><b>Chang Ta-ch'ien</b></span></i>; 10 May 1899 – 2 April 1983) was one of the best-known and most prodigious <a href="/wiki/Chinese_art" title="Chinese art">Chinese artists</a> of the twentieth century. Originally known as a <i><a href="/wiki/Guohua" class="mw-redirect" title="Guohua">guohua</a></i> (traditionalist) painter, by the 1960s he was also renowned as a modern impressionist and expressionist painter. In addition, he is regarded as one of the most gifted master <a href="/wiki/Art_forgery" title="Art forgery">forgers</a> of the twentieth century. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chang_Dai-chien&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Chang was born in 1899 in <a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a> Province to a financially struggling but artistic family, whose members had converted to <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Roman Catholicism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His first commission came at age 12, when a traveling fortune-teller requested he paint her a new set of divining cards. At age 17 he was captured by <a href="/wiki/Warlord_Era" title="Warlord Era">bandits</a> while returning home from boarding school in <a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</a>. When the bandit chief ordered him to write a letter home demanding a ransom, he was so impressed by the boy's brushmanship that he made the boy his personal secretary. During the more than three months that he was held captive, he read books of poetry which the bandits had looted from raided homes.<sup id="cite_ref-Smithsonian_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smithsonian-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1917, Chang moved to <a href="/wiki/Kyoto" title="Kyoto">Kyoto</a> to learn textile dyeing techniques. He later returned to <a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a> in 1919 and established a successful career selling his paintings.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The governor of <a href="/wiki/Qinghai" title="Qinghai">Qinghai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ma_Bufang" title="Ma Bufang">Ma Bufang</a>, sent Chang to <a href="/wiki/Kumbum_Monastery" title="Kumbum Monastery">Sku'bum</a> to seek helpers for analyzing and copying <a href="/wiki/Dunhuang" title="Dunhuang">Dunhuang</a>'s Buddhist art.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Due to the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Revolution" title="Chinese Communist Revolution">political climate of China in 1949</a>, he left the country and then moved to <a href="/wiki/Mendoza,_Argentina" title="Mendoza, Argentina">Mendoza, Argentina</a> in 1952. Two years later, he resided in <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="São Paulo">São Paulo, Brazil</a>. </p><p>In the 1967 Chang settled in <a href="/wiki/Carmel-by-the-Sea,_California" title="Carmel-by-the-Sea, California">Carmel-by-the-Sea, California</a>. During their stay, he and his wife lodged at the Dolores Lodge, owned by Thomas Chew and currently known as the Carmel Country Inn, situated at the intersection of Dolores Street and 3rd Avenue. They stayed in a distinctive cabin that had a set of connected rooms. By 1968, they had relocated to their personal residence, which the artist dubbed 'K'e-yi Chu' - meaning "barely habitable" or "just okay" when translated. Their home was situated on the western side of Crespi Avenue, precisely six houses south of Mountain View Avenue.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>They toured extensively around Northern California. Chang's first California solo exhibition in 1967 at <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a> attracted an opening reception crowd of a thousand.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Finally he settled in <a href="/wiki/Taipei" title="Taipei">Taipei</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a> in 1978.<sup id="cite_ref-Brit_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brit-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Sullivan_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sullivan-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During his years of wandering he had several wives simultaneously, curried favor with influential people, and maintained a large entourage of relatives and supporters. He also kept a pet <a href="/wiki/Gibbon" title="Gibbon">gibbon</a>. He affected the long robe and long beard of a scholar.<sup id="cite_ref-Smithsonian_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smithsonian-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A meeting between Chang and <a href="/wiki/Picasso" class="mw-redirect" title="Picasso">Picasso</a> in <a href="/wiki/Nice" title="Nice">Nice</a>, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> in 1956 was viewed as a summit between the preeminent masters of Eastern and Western art. The two men exchanged paintings at this meeting.<sup id="cite_ref-Brit_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brit-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Artistic_career">Artistic career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chang_Dai-chien&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Artistic career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Phoenix_headed_harp,_Sui_Dynasty,_Mogao_Caves.webp" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Phoenix_headed_harp%2C_Sui_Dynasty%2C_Mogao_Caves.webp/220px-Phoenix_headed_harp%2C_Sui_Dynasty%2C_Mogao_Caves.webp.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Phoenix_headed_harp%2C_Sui_Dynasty%2C_Mogao_Caves.webp/330px-Phoenix_headed_harp%2C_Sui_Dynasty%2C_Mogao_Caves.webp.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Phoenix_headed_harp%2C_Sui_Dynasty%2C_Mogao_Caves.webp/440px-Phoenix_headed_harp%2C_Sui_Dynasty%2C_Mogao_Caves.webp.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="635" /></a><figcaption>Painting in <a href="/wiki/Mogao_Caves" title="Mogao Caves">Mogao Cave</a> 327,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dated to the Western Xia (1036-1226 A.D.),<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of which Chang would paint a replica. That painting was titled "中的飞天" Flying Sky or Flying Feintian.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>In the early 1920s, Chang started pursuing professional studies in Shanghai, where he studied with two famous artists, Zeng Xi and Li Ruiqing. His elder brother Zhang Shanzi, who was a famous painter at the time, brought him to a literary salon in 1924 where his first appearance impressed the attendants. His first exhibition of 100 paintings was in 1925 at Ningbo Association in Shanghai.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the late 1920s and 1930s, Chang moved to Beijing where he befriended other famous artists, including Yu Feian, Wang Shensheng, Ye Qianyu, Chen Banding, <a href="/wiki/Qi_Baishi" title="Qi Baishi">Qi Baishi</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pu_Xinyu" class="mw-redirect" title="Pu Xinyu">Pu Xinyu</a>. Chang had collaborated with Pu on painting and calligraphy. At the time, there was an idiom "Chang from the south, Pu from the north (南張北溥)" for those two of the most renowned artists in China. There was also a saying that Chang was "southern counterpart of Pu Xinyu in shan-shui painting, Qi Baishi in flower-and-bird painting, and Xu Cao in figure painting".<sup id="cite_ref-:0_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 1930s he worked out of a studio on the grounds of the <a href="/wiki/Master_of_the_Nets_Garden" title="Master of the Nets Garden">Master of the Nets Garden</a> in <a href="/wiki/Suzhou" title="Suzhou">Suzhou</a>. In 1933, while an exhibition of modern Chinese paintings organized by <a href="/wiki/Xu_Beihong" title="Xu Beihong">Xu Beihong</a> was held in Paris, France, and Zhang's exhibited painting "Golden Lotus (金荷)" was purchased by the French government. In 1935, he accepted the invitation from <a href="/wiki/Xu_Beihong" title="Xu Beihong">Xu Beihong</a> to be a professor at National Central University Art Department in <a href="/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing">Nanjing</a>. In the same year, his portfolio was published in Shanghai. In 1936, his personal exhibition was held in the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>. </p><p>In the early 1940s, Chang led a group of artists in copying the Buddhist wall paintings in the <a href="/wiki/Mogao_Caves" title="Mogao Caves">Mogao</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yulin_Caves" title="Yulin Caves">Yulin</a> caves. In order to copy the inner layer of the multilayered murals in the Mogao Caves, Chang removed and damaged several outer layers of the paintings in Cave 108, 130 and 454. In 1943, he exhibited his copies of murals and supported the establishment of the Dunhuang Art Institute, the predecessor of the Dunhuang Research Academy. In 1945, Chang's works, as a part of a <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a>'s touring contemporary art exhibition, were shown in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a> and <a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the late 1950s, his deteriorating eyesight led him to develop his splashed color, or <i>pocai</i>, style, which combines abstract expressionism with traditional Chinese styles of painting.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 1970s, he mentored painter <a href="/wiki/Minol_Araki" title="Minol Araki">Minol Araki</a>. </p><p>In 1957, Zhang Daqian was invited to hold exhibitions in The <a href="/wiki/Louvre" title="Louvre">Louvre</a> and <a href="/wiki/Guimet_Museum" title="Guimet Museum">Musée Guimet</a> in Paris, where <a href="/wiki/Pablo_Picasso" title="Pablo Picasso">Picasso</a> was also holding a show. Zhang seized this opportunity to meet with him. Picasso was delighted to meet Zhang and even asked him to criticise his Chinese paintings. Zhang directly told Picasso that he did not have the right brushes to do Chinese art. Ten years later, Picasso received a gift from Zhang– two Chinese writing brushes made from the hair of 2500 three-year-old cows.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Forgeries">Forgeries</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chang_Dai-chien&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Forgeries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Chang's forgeries are difficult to detect for many reasons. First, his ability to mimic the great Chinese masters: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>So prodigious was his virtuosity within the medium of Chinese ink and colour that it seemed he could paint anything. His output spanned a huge range, from archaising works based on the early masters of Chinese painting to the innovations of his late works which connect with the language of Western abstract art.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Second, he paid scrupulous attention to the materials he used. "He studied paper, ink, brushes, pigments, seals, seal paste, and scroll mountings in exacting detail. When he wrote an inscription on a painting, he sometimes included a postscript describing the type of paper, the age and the origin of the ink, or the provenance of the pigments he had used." </p><p>Third, he often forged paintings based on descriptions in catalogues of lost paintings; his forgeries came with ready-made provenance.<sup id="cite_ref-challenging_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-challenging-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Chang's forgeries have been purchased as original paintings by several major art museums in the United States, including the <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Fine_Arts,_Boston" title="Museum of Fine Arts, Boston">Museum of Fine Arts, Boston</a>: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Of particular interest is a master forgery acquired by the Museum in 1957 as an authentic work of the tenth century. The painting, which was allegedly a landscape by the <a href="/wiki/Five_Dynasties" class="mw-redirect" title="Five Dynasties">Five Dynasties</a> period master <a href="/wiki/Guan_Tong" title="Guan Tong">Guan Tong</a>, is one of Chang’s most ambitious forgeries and serves to illustrate both his skill and his audacity.<sup id="cite_ref-MFA_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MFA-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>It can be hard to attribute works to Chang since his style was so varied. Not only did he create his own work as well as forging other artists, but others would forge his originals. </p><p>Additionally, in China, "forgery" does not hold the same nefarious connotation as it does in Western culture. What would be considered illegal forgery in the United States is not necessarily as criminal in China. Actions he took to fall under the Western definition of forgery include aging work with electric hairdryers, and creating fake provenance with his collection of seals that he could use to mark past "owners" of the work. To further this provenance, his friend Puru would provide a <a href="/wiki/Colophon_(publishing)" title="Colophon (publishing)">colophon</a> authenticating the work's imperial origins.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Art historian <a href="/wiki/James_Cahill_(art_historian)" title="James Cahill (art historian)">James Cahill</a> claimed that the painting <i>The Riverbank</i>, a masterpiece from the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Tang" title="Southern Tang">Southern Tang</a> dynasty, held by the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Metropolitan Museum of Art">New York Metropolitan Museum of Art</a>, was likely another Chang forgery. The silk the piece is painted on could be carbon dated to help authenticate it, however since there has been some restoration on it—the border repaired and the painting remounted and reglued—not only would getting a sample to test be difficult, but there would be no guarantee the sample only contains original material.<sup id="cite_ref-WaPostMag_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WaPostMag-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Museum curators are cautioned to examine Chinese paintings of questionable origins, especially those from the <a href="/wiki/Bird-and-flower_painting" title="Bird-and-flower painting">bird and flower</a> genre with the query, "Could this be by Chang Dai-chien?"<sup id="cite_ref-MFA_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MFA-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Joseph Chang, Curator of Chinese Art at the <a href="/wiki/Sackler_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Sackler Museum">Sackler Museum</a>, suggested that many notable collections of Chinese art contained forgeries by the master painter.<sup id="cite_ref-WaPostMag_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WaPostMag-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It is estimated that Chang made more than 10 million dollars selling his forgeries.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_works">Notable works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chang_Dai-chien&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Notable works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1932 "Meditating at Lakeside"</li> <li>1941 "Flying Deity"</li> <li>1944 "Lady Red Whisk" (《紅拂女》)</li> <li>1944 "Reproduction of Dunhuang Fresco-Mahasattva"</li> <li>1944 "Tibetan Women with Dogs" (《番女掣厖图》)<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1947 "Living in the Mountains on a Summer Day after Wang Meng"</li> <li>1947 "Lotus and Mandarin Ducks"</li> <li>1947 "Sound of the Flute on the River"</li> <li>1948 "Children Playing under a Pomegranate Tree"</li> <li>1949 "Dwelling in the Qingbian"</li> <li>1949 "Refreshments beneath a Pine"</li> <li>1950 "Indian Dancer"</li> <li>1953 "Ancient Beauty"</li> <li>《金箋峨嵋記青山中花》(pocai <a href="/wiki/Shan_Shui" class="mw-redirect" title="Shan Shui">Shan Shui</a>)</li> <li>1960 "Lotus "</li> <li>1962 "Panorama of Blue Mountains"</li> <li>1962 "Strange Pines of Mount Huang"</li> <li>1964 "The Poet Li Bai"</li> <li>1965 "Cottages in Misty Mountains"</li> <li>1965 "First Light in the Gorges in Autumn"</li> <li>1965 "Snowy Mountain"</li> <li>1965 "Splashed-color" landscape<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1965 "Spring Clouds on Country River"</li> <li>1966 "Spring Mist"</li> <li>1966 "Woman with Screen Painted with Lotus Blossom"</li> <li>1967 "Rain and Fog"</li> <li>1967 "Waterfall on a Mountain in Spring"</li> <li>1968 “Mist at Dawn” 《春雲曉靄》</li> <li>1968 "Aafchen See" (《愛痕湖》)</li> <li>1968 "Morning Mist"</li> <li>1968 "Poetic Landscape"</li> <li>1968 "Swiss Peaks"</li> <li>1968 "The Great Yangtze River" (《長江萬里圖》)</li> <li>1968 "The Lake of the Five Pavilions"</li> <li>1968 "Tormented Landscape"</li> <li>1969 "Manchurian Mountains"</li> <li>1970 "Secluded Valley "</li> <li>1970 "Vast Landscape with Waterfalls and Pines"</li> <li>1971《可以橫絕峨嵋巔》(pocai <a href="/wiki/Shan_Shui" class="mw-redirect" title="Shan Shui">Shan Shui</a>)</li> <li>1972 " Lakeshore"</li> <li>"Scenery by the Lake"《湖畔風景》(pocai <a href="/wiki/Shan_Shui" class="mw-redirect" title="Shan Shui">Shan Shui</a>)：張大千於1972年74歲時，於美國加州十七哩海岸(17 Mile Drive)小半島所繪之公園湖畔風景潑彩山水圖(住居環蓽盦附近)</li> <li>1973 "Sailing in the Wu Gorges"</li> <li>1973《青城天下幽》潑彩山水圖<sup id="cite_ref-jpg青城天下幽_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jpg青城天下幽-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1974 "Night Strolling in Xitou"</li> <li>1978《長江江靜瀨船秋水釣魚》(pocai <a href="/wiki/Shan_Shui" class="mw-redirect" title="Shan Shui">Shan Shui</a>)</li> <li>1979《闊浦遙山系列》潑彩山水圖、《摩耶精舍外雙溪》(pocai <a href="/wiki/Shan_Shui" class="mw-redirect" title="Shan Shui">Shan Shui</a>)、巨幅金箋《金碧潑彩紅荷花圖》</li> <li>1980 "Clouds at Mount Ali"</li> <li>1981《台北外雙溪摩耶精舍》(pocai <a href="/wiki/Shan_Shui" class="mw-redirect" title="Shan Shui">Shan Shui</a>)</li> <li>1981 "Blue and Green Landscape"</li> <li>1981 "Majestic Waterfall"</li> <li>1982 “Peach Blossom Spring” 《桃源圖》</li> <li>1982《人家在仙堂》潑彩山水圖、《春雲曉靄》(pocai <a href="/wiki/Shan_Shui" class="mw-redirect" title="Shan Shui">Shan Shui</a>)、大風堂作潑彩山水圖、《水殿幽香荷花圖》、《水墨紅荷圖》等作品。</li> <li>1983《廬山圖》(pocai <a href="/wiki/Shan_Shui" class="mw-redirect" title="Shan Shui">Shan Shui</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chang_Dai-chien&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Palace_Museum" title="National Palace Museum">National Palace Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yu_Youren" title="Yu Youren">Yu Youren</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chang_Dai-chien&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Shen, Fu. <i>Challenging the past: the paintings of Chang Dai-chien</i>. Washington, D.C.: Arthur M. Sackler Gallery, Smithsonian Institution; Seattle: University of Washington Press, c. 1991. (OCLC <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/23765860">23765860</a>)</li> <li>Chen, Jiazi. <i>Chang Dai-Chien: the enigmatic genius</i>. Singapore : Asian Civilisations Museum, ©2001. (OCLC <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/48501375">48501375</a>)</li> <li>Yang, Liu. <i>Lion among painters: Chinese master Chang Dai Chien</i>. Sydney, Australia: Art Gallery of New South Wales, ©1998. (OCLC <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/39837498">39837498</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chang_Dai-chien&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.asianart.com/exhibitions/changdaichien/bio.html">"Chang Dai-chien Biography"</a>. <i>asianart.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=asianart.com&rft.atitle=Chang+Dai-chien+Biography&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.asianart.com%2Fexhibitions%2Fchangdaichien%2Fbio.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChang+Dai-chien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Smithsonian-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Smithsonian_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Smithsonian_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">{{<i>He was a Lion Among Painters</i>, Constance A. Bond, <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_(magazine)" title="Smithsonian (magazine)">Smithsonian</a>, January 1992, p. 90}}</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBennett2003" class="citation web cs1">Bennett, Elizabeth F. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxfordartonline.com/groveart/view/10.1093/gao/9781884446054.001.0001/oao-9781884446054-e-7000093394">"Zhang Daqian"</a>. <i>Grove Art Online</i>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fgao%2F9781884446054.article.t093394">10.1093/gao/9781884446054.article.t093394</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-884446-05-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-884446-05-4"><bdi>978-1-884446-05-4</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Grove+Art+Online&rft.atitle=Zhang+Daqian&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fgao%2F9781884446054.article.t093394&rft.isbn=978-1-884446-05-4&rft.aulast=Bennett&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordartonline.com%2Fgroveart%2Fview%2F10.1093%2Fgao%2F9781884446054.001.0001%2Foao-9781884446054-e-7000093394&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChang+Dai-chien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFToni_Huber2002" class="citation book cs1">Toni Huber (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bLcWyecDpIcC&pg=PA205"><i>Amdo Tibetans in transition: society and culture in the post-Mao era: PIATS 2000: Tibetan studies: proceedings of the Ninth Seminar of the International Association for Tibetan Studies, Leiden 2000</i></a>. BRILL. p. 205. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-04-12596-5" title="Special:BookSources/90-04-12596-5"><bdi>90-04-12596-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Amdo+Tibetans+in+transition%3A+society+and+culture+in+the+post-Mao+era%3A+PIATS+2000%3A+Tibetan+studies%3A+proceedings+of+the+Ninth+Seminar+of+the+International+Association+for+Tibetan+Studies%2C+Leiden+2000&rft.pages=205&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=90-04-12596-5&rft.au=Toni+Huber&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbLcWyecDpIcC%26pg%3DPA205&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChang+Dai-chien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.carmel.ca.us/sites/main/files/file-attachments/homes_of_famous_carmelites_0.pdf?1564762654">"Homes of Famous Carmelites"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>ci.carmel.ca.us</i>. Carmel-by-the-Sea, California. 1992<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ci.carmel.ca.us&rft.atitle=Homes+of+Famous+Carmelites&rft.date=1992&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fci.carmel.ca.us%2Fsites%2Fmain%2Ffiles%2Ffile-attachments%2Fhomes_of_famous_carmelites_0.pdf%3F1564762654&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChang+Dai-chien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.asianart.com/exhibitions/changdaichien/intro.html">"Chang Dai-chien: Painting From Heart to Hand"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chang+Dai-chien%3A+Painting+From+Heart+to+Hand&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.asianart.com%2Fexhibitions%2Fchangdaichien%2Fintro.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChang+Dai-chien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brit-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Brit_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brit_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/105634/Zhang-Daqian"><i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sullivan-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sullivan_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSullivan2006" class="citation book cs1">Sullivan, Michael (2006). <i>Modern Chinese artists: a biographical dictionary</i>. Berkeley, California: University of California Press. p. 215. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-520-24449-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-520-24449-4"><bdi>0-520-24449-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/65644580">65644580</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Modern+Chinese+artists%3A+a+biographical+dictionary&rft.place=Berkeley%2C+California&rft.pages=215&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F65644580&rft.isbn=0-520-24449-4&rft.aulast=Sullivan&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChang+Dai-chien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBo_Lawergren" class="citation book cs1">Bo Lawergren. "Harps on the Ancient Silk Road". In Neville Agnew (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hunter.cuny.edu/physics/faculty/lawergren/repository/files/Harps%20on%20the%20Ancient%20Silk%20Road_small%20-at%20Dunhuang.pdf"><i>Conservation of Ancient Sites on the Silk Road: Proceedings of the Second</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. p. 119. <q>Depiction of an arched harp from the Mogao Grottoes (cave 327).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Harps+on+the+Ancient+Silk+Road&rft.btitle=Conservation+of+Ancient+Sites+on+the+Silk+Road%3A+Proceedings+of+the+Second&rft.pages=119&rft.au=Bo+Lawergren&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hunter.cuny.edu%2Fphysics%2Ffaculty%2Flawergren%2Frepository%2Ffiles%2FHarps%2520on%2520the%2520Ancient%2520Silk%2520Road_small%2520-at%2520Dunhuang.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChang+Dai-chien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.silkroadfoundation.org/dunhuang/dhhistory.html">"DUNHUANG STUDIES - CHRONOLOGY AND HISTORY"</a>. <i>silkroadfoundation.org/</i>. <q>CREDIT - The Dunhuang webpages are researched and contributed by Prof. Ning Qiang</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=silkroadfoundation.org%2F&rft.atitle=DUNHUANG+STUDIES+-+CHRONOLOGY+AND+HISTORY&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.silkroadfoundation.org%2Fdunhuang%2Fdhhistory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChang+Dai-chien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.snuma.net/xe/?mid=gallery&l=zh-TW&category=31071&document_srl=35424">"Photo Gallery › Photo › Silk Road 4-2"</a>. 17 April 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Photo+Gallery+%E2%80%BA+Photo+%E2%80%BA+Silk+Road+4-2&rft.date=2016-04-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.snuma.net%2Fxe%2F%3Fmid%3Dgallery%26l%3Dzh-TW%26category%3D31071%26document_srl%3D35424&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChang+Dai-chien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sohu.com/a/248978541_99919830">"张大千在敦煌到底做了什么？幕后的人物到底是谁？"</a> [What did Zhang Daqian do in Dunhuang? Who are the people behind the scenes?] (in Chinese). 20 August 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E5%BC%A0%E5%A4%A7%E5%8D%83%E5%9C%A8%E6%95%A6%E7%85%8C%E5%88%B0%E5%BA%95%E5%81%9A%E4%BA%86%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%EF%BC%9F%E5%B9%95%E5%90%8E%E7%9A%84%E4%BA%BA%E7%89%A9%E5%88%B0%E5%BA%95%E6%98%AF%E8%B0%81%EF%BC%9F&rft.date=2018-08-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sohu.com%2Fa%2F248978541_99919830&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChang+Dai-chien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZhu2012" class="citation journal cs1">Zhu, Haoyun (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://caod.oriprobe.com/articles/31242105/Zhang_Daqian__a_World_renowned_Artist.htm">"Zhang Daqian: A World-renowned Artist"</a>. <i>China & the World Cultural Exchange</i>. <b>12</b>: 18–23.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=China+%26+the+World+Cultural+Exchange&rft.atitle=Zhang+Daqian%3A+A+World-renowned+Artist&rft.volume=12&rft.pages=18-23&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Zhu&rft.aufirst=Haoyun&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcaod.oriprobe.com%2Farticles%2F31242105%2FZhang_Daqian__a_World_renowned_Artist.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChang+Dai-chien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBennett2003" class="citation web cs1">Bennett, Elizabeth F. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxfordartonline.com/groveart/view/10.1093/gao/9781884446054.001.0001/oao-9781884446054-e-7000093394">"Zhang Daqian"</a>. <i>Grove Art Online</i>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fgao%2F9781884446054.article.T093394">10.1093/gao/9781884446054.article.T093394</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-884446-05-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-884446-05-4"><bdi>978-1-884446-05-4</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Grove+Art+Online&rft.atitle=Zhang+Daqian&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fgao%2F9781884446054.article.T093394&rft.isbn=978-1-884446-05-4&rft.aulast=Bennett&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordartonline.com%2Fgroveart%2Fview%2F10.1093%2Fgao%2F9781884446054.001.0001%2Foao-9781884446054-e-7000093394&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChang+Dai-chien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.thevalue.com/articles/eight-facts-about-zhang-daqian">"8 Facts You Need to Know About Zhang Daqian, the Picasso of the East | Feature Series | THE VALUE | Art News"</a>. <i>TheValue.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TheValue.com&rft.atitle=8+Facts+You+Need+to+Know+About+Zhang+Daqian%2C+the+Picasso+of+the+East+%7C+Feature+Series+%7C+THE+VALUE+%7C+Art+News&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.thevalue.com%2Farticles%2Feight-facts-about-zhang-daqian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChang+Dai-chien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJiaziKwok2001" class="citation cs2">Jiazi, Chen; Kwok, Ken (2001), <i>Chang Dai-Chien: The Enigmatic Genius</i>, Singapore: Asian Civilisations Museum, p. 9, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/981-4068-21-7" title="Special:BookSources/981-4068-21-7"><bdi>981-4068-21-7</bdi></a>, <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/48501375">48501375</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chang+Dai-Chien%3A+The+Enigmatic+Genius&rft.place=Singapore&rft.pages=9&rft.pub=Asian+Civilisations+Museum&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F48501375&rft.isbn=981-4068-21-7&rft.aulast=Jiazi&rft.aufirst=Chen&rft.au=Kwok%2C+Ken&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChang+Dai-chien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-challenging-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-challenging_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFu1991" class="citation book cs1">Fu, Shen CY (1991). 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Seattle, Washington: Arthur M Sackler Gallery, Smithsonian Institution; University of Washington Press. pp. 37–38. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-295-97125-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-295-97125-8"><bdi>0-295-97125-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/23765860">23765860</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=3.+Painting+theory&rft.btitle=Challenging+the+Past%3A+The+Paintings+of+Chang+Dai-Chien&rft.place=Seattle%2C+Washington&rft.pages=37-38&rft.pub=Arthur+M+Sackler+Gallery%2C+Smithsonian+Institution%3B+University+of+Washington+Press&rft.date=1991&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F23765860&rft.isbn=0-295-97125-8&rft.aulast=Fu&rft.aufirst=Shen+CY&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChang+Dai-chien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MFA-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MFA_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MFA_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.artknowledgenews.com/Zhang_Daqian_Master_Painter-Master_Forger.html">"Zhang Daqian — Master Painter/Master Forger"</a>. <i>Art Knowledge News</i>. Art Appreciation Foundation. 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 March</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Art+Knowledge+News&rft.atitle=Zhang+Daqian+%E2%80%94+Master+Painter%2FMaster+Forger&rft.date=2006&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.artknowledgenews.com%2FZhang_Daqian_Master_Painter-Master_Forger.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChang+Dai-chien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichard1991" class="citation news cs1">Richard, Paul (24 November 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/style/1991/11/24/the-amazing-chang-dai-chien-forging-ties-to-the-past/3bc913a6-d63e-4455-a9ee-cbd5a273a5a4/">"THE AMAZING CHANG DAI-CHIEN, FORGING TIES TO THE PAST"</a>. <i>Washington Post</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0190-8286">0190-8286</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft.atitle=THE+AMAZING+CHANG+DAI-CHIEN%2C+FORGING+TIES+TO+THE+PAST&rft.date=1991-11-24&rft.issn=0190-8286&rft.aulast=Richard&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Farchive%2Flifestyle%2Fstyle%2F1991%2F11%2F24%2Fthe-amazing-chang-dai-chien-forging-ties-to-the-past%2F3bc913a6-d63e-4455-a9ee-cbd5a273a5a4%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChang+Dai-chien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WaPostMag-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WaPostMag_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WaPostMag_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPomfret1999" class="citation journal cs1">Pomfret, John (17 January 1999). "The Master Forger". <i>The Washington Post Magazine</i>: W14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post+Magazine&rft.atitle=The+Master+Forger&rft.pages=W14&rft.date=1999-01-17&rft.aulast=Pomfret&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChang+Dai-chien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://authenticationinart.org/aia-archive/aia-unmasked-forgers/">"Authentication in Art Unmasked Forgers"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Authentication+in+Art+Unmasked+Forgers&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fauthenticationinart.org%2Faia-archive%2Faia-unmasked-forgers%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChang+Dai-chien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxfordartonline.com/benezit/view/10.1093/benz/9780199773787.001.0001/acref-9780199773787-e-00201544">"Zhang Daqian"</a>. <i>Benezit Dictionary of Artists</i>. 2011. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fbenz%2F9780199773787.article.b00201544">10.1093/benz/9780199773787.article.b00201544</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-977378-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-977378-7"><bdi>978-0-19-977378-7</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Benezit+Dictionary+of+Artists&rft.atitle=Zhang+Daqian&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fbenz%2F9780199773787.article.b00201544&rft.isbn=978-0-19-977378-7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordartonline.com%2Fbenezit%2Fview%2F10.1093%2Fbenz%2F9780199773787.001.0001%2Facref-9780199773787-e-00201544&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChang+Dai-chien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/49805">"Zhang Daqian | "Splashed-color" landscape | China | The Met"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 October</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87%E5%B1%95%E7%A4%BA&rft.pub=%E5%8D%93%E5%85%8B%E8%89%BA%E6%9C%AF%E7%BD%91&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.zhuokearts.com%2Fsysviewpic.htm%3Fpic%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fdownload.zhuokearts.com%2FAuction%2F2011%2F10%2F9%2Fzc-6963-457.jpg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChang+Dai-chien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chang_Dai-chien&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.npm.gov.tw/exh96/dai-chien/">Chang Dai-chien Residence Memorial Hall</a> at National Palace Museum</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100807235814/http://gallery.sfsu.edu/exhibitions/chang/">Chang Dai-chien in California</a> at San Francisco State University</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110427014113/http://www3.icm.gov.mo/gate/gb/www.icm.gov.mo/exhibition/daqian/BiographyE.asp">Chang Dai-chien</a> at the Cultural Affairs Bureau of <a href="/wiki/Macao" class="mw-redirect" title="Macao">Macao</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VKGCSzMNqvU"><span class="plainlinks">Video tour of the Chang Dai-chien Residence Memorial Hall</span></a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jamescahill.info/the-writings-of-james-cahill/chang-ta-chiens-forgeries/211-chang-ta-chiens-forgeries">Annotated list of Chang Ta-ch'ien's Forgeries</a> by <a href="/wiki/James_Cahill_(art_historian)" title="James Cahill (art historian)">James Cahill</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p15324coll10/id/161950">Straddling East and West: Lin Yutang, a modern literatus: the Lin Yutang family collection of Chinese painting and calligraphy</a>, an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art Libraries (available online as PDF), which contains material on Chang Dai-chien (see table of contents)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q163298#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q163298#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q163298#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121440046">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/94645020">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/116786/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJrGxRVfBMMY4cjymJvmBP">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/11906541X">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n83158786">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12245305c">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12245305c">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00386006">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an36463135">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p109643410">Netherlands</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p148751806">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC200601704">Korea</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810572858005606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007259696105171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA06262542?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500107140">ULAN</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rkd.nl/en/explore/artists/265613">RKD Artists</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kulturnav.org/c7b6dfe9-7b5b-4e16-9cfd-6174dec6fb1f">KulturNav</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1258297">Trove</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Zhang, Daqian (1899-1983) 張, 大千 (1899-1983)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/031190022">IdRef</a></span></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Daqian, Zhang (1899-1983)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/14059891X">2</a></span></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6bs1tr1">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chang_Dai-chien&oldid=1223536115">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chang_Dai-chien&oldid=1223536115</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1899_births" title="Category:1899 births">1899 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1983_deaths" title="Category:1983 deaths">1983 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Art_forgers" 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