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block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <p><b>Archosauriformes</b> (<a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Greek</a> for 'ruling lizards', and <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> for 'form') is a <a href="/wiki/Clade" title="Clade">clade</a> of <a href="/wiki/Diapsid" title="Diapsid">diapsid</a> <a href="/wiki/Reptile" title="Reptile">reptiles</a> encompassing <a href="/wiki/Archosaur" title="Archosaur">archosaurs</a> and some of their close relatives. It was defined by <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Gauthier" title="Jacques Gauthier">Jacques Gauthier</a> (1994) as the clade stemming from the <a href="/wiki/Most_recent_common_ancestor" title="Most recent common ancestor">last common ancestor</a> of <a href="/wiki/Proterosuchidae" title="Proterosuchidae">Proterosuchidae</a> and Archosauria.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Phil_Senter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phil Senter (page does not exist)">Phil Senter</a> (2005) defined it as the most exclusive clade containing <i><a href="/wiki/Proterosuchus" title="Proterosuchus">Proterosuchus</a></i> and Archosauria.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gauthier as part of the <i><a href="/wiki/Phylonyms" class="mw-redirect" title="Phylonyms">Phylonyms</a></i> (2020) defined the clade as the last common ancestor and all descendants of <i><a href="/wiki/Chicken" title="Chicken">Gallus</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Alligator" title="Alligator">Alligator</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Proterosuchus" title="Proterosuchus">Proterosuchus</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Archosauriforms are a branch of <a href="/wiki/Archosauromorpha" title="Archosauromorpha">archosauromorphs</a> which originated in the <a href="/wiki/Late_Permian" class="mw-redirect" title="Late Permian">Late Permian</a> (roughly 252 <a href="/wiki/Million_years_ago" title="Million years ago">million years ago</a>) and persist to the present day as the two surviving archosaur groups: <a href="/wiki/Crocodilia" title="Crocodilia">crocodilians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bird" title="Bird">birds</a>. </p><table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)">Archosauriforms<br><div style="font-size: 85%;">Temporal range: <a href="/wiki/Late_Permian" class="mw-redirect" title="Late Permian">Latest Permian</a>–<a href="/wiki/Holocene" title="Holocene">Present</a>, <span class="noprint"><span style="display:inline-block;"></span><span style="display:inline-block;">252–0 <a href="/wiki/Megaannum" class="mw-redirect" title="Megaannum">Ma</a></span> <span style="display:inline-block;"></span><div id="Timeline-row" style="margin: 4px auto 0; clear:both; width:220px; padding:0px; height:18px; overflow:visible; white-space:nowrap; border:1px #666; border-style:solid none; position:relative; z-index:0; font-size:97%;"> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; left:0px; width:207.23076923077px; padding-left:5px; text-align:left; background-color:rgb(254,217,106); background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgba(255,255,255,1), rgba(254,217,106,1) 15%, rgba(254,217,106,1));"><a href="/wiki/Precambrian" title="Precambrian">PreꞒ</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(127,160,86); left:37.636923076923px; width:18.073846153846px;"><a href="/wiki/Cambrian" title="Cambrian">Ꞓ</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(0,146,112); left:55.710769230769px; width:14.08px;"><a href="/wiki/Ordovician" title="Ordovician">O</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(179,225,182); left:69.790769230769px; width:8.3261538461539px;"><a href="/wiki/Silurian" title="Silurian">S</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(203,140,55); left:78.116923076923px; width:20.409230769231px;"><a href="/wiki/Devonian" title="Devonian">D</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(103,165,153); left:98.526153846154px; width:20.307692307692px;"><a href="/wiki/Carboniferous" title="Carboniferous">C</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(240,64,40); left:118.83384615385px; width:15.907015384615px;"><a href="/wiki/Permian" title="Permian">P</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(129,43,146); left:134.74086153846px; width:17.092984615385px;"><a href="/wiki/Triassic" title="Triassic">T</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(52,178,201); left:151.83384615385px; width:19.089230769231px;"><a href="/wiki/Jurassic" title="Jurassic">J</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(127,198,78); left:170.92307692308px; width:26.738461538462px;"><a href="/wiki/Cretaceous" title="Cretaceous">K</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(253,154,82); left:197.66153846154px; width:14.543692307692px;"><a href="/wiki/Paleogene" title="Paleogene">Pg</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(255,230,25); left:212.20523076923px; width:6.9215384615385px;"><a href="/wiki/Neogene" title="Neogene">N</a></div> <div id="end-border" style="position:absolute; height:100%; background-color:#666; width:1px; left:219px"></div><div style="margin:0 auto; line-height:0; clear:both; width:220px; padding:0px; height:8px; overflow:visible; background-color:transparent; position:relative; top:-4px; z-index:100;"><div style="position:absolute; height:8px; left:134.70769230769px; width:85.292307692308px; background-color:#360; opacity:0.42;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:8px; left:134.70769230769px; width:85.292307692308px; background-color:#360; opacity:1;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:6px; top:1px; left:135.70769230769px; width:83.292307692308px; background-color:#6c3;"></div> </div> </div></span></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Archosauriformes.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Archosauriformes.jpg/220px-Archosauriformes.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Archosauriformes.jpg/330px-Archosauriformes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Archosauriformes.jpg/440px-Archosauriformes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000"></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%"><b>Row 1 (<a href="/wiki/Basal_(phylogenetics)" title="Basal (phylogenetics)">basal</a> archosauriforms):</b> <i><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Erythrosuchus" title="Erythrosuchus">Erythrosuchus africanus</a></span></i>, <i><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Euparkeria" title="Euparkeria">Euparkeria capensis</a></span></i>;<br> <p><b>Row 2 (<a href="/wiki/Pseudosuchia" title="Pseudosuchia">Pseudosuchia</a>):</b> <i><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Philippine_crocodile" title="Philippine crocodile">Crocodylus mindorensis</a></span></i>, <i><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Typothorax" title="Typothorax">Typothorax coccinarum</a></span></i>;<br> <b>Row 3 (<a href="/wiki/Avemetatarsalia" title="Avemetatarsalia">Avemetatarsalia</a>):</b> <i><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Southern_cassowary" title="Southern cassowary">Casuarius casuarius</a></span></i>, <i><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anhanguera_(pterosaur)" title="Anhanguera (pterosaur)">Anhanguera piscator</a></span></i>. </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Archosauriformes" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20"></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Domain: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eukaryote" title="Eukaryote">Eukaryota</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Phylum: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate">Chordata</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Class: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Reptile" title="Reptile">Reptilia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Archosauromorpha" title="Archosauromorpha">Archosauromorpha</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Crocopoda" class="mw-redirect" title="Crocopoda">Crocopoda</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Archosauriformes</a><br><small><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Gauthier" title="Jacques Gauthier">Gauthier</a>, 1986</small> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)">Subgroups<sup id="cite_ref-ezcurra2016_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ezcurra2016-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Antarctanax" title="Antarctanax">Antarctanax</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Barberenasuchus" title="Barberenasuchus">Barberenasuchus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Collilongus" title="Collilongus">Collilongus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Crosbysaurus" title="Crosbysaurus">Crosbysaurus</a></i>?</li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Cuyosuchus" title="Cuyosuchus">Cuyosuchus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Eorasaurus" title="Eorasaurus">Eorasaurus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Fenhosuchus" title="Fenhosuchus">Fenhosuchus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Kalisuchus" title="Kalisuchus">Kalisuchus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Sarmatosuchus" title="Sarmatosuchus">Sarmatosuchus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Sphodrosaurus" title="Sphodrosaurus">Sphodrosaurus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Syntomiprosopus" title="Syntomiprosopus">Syntomiprosopus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Uatchitodon" title="Uatchitodon">Uatchitodon</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Vigilosaurus" title="Vigilosaurus">Vigilosaurus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Vjushkovisaurus" title="Vjushkovisaurus">Vjushkovisaurus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Vonhuenia" title="Vonhuenia">Vonhuenia</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Wangisuchus" title="Wangisuchus">Wangisuchus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Proterosuchidae" title="Proterosuchidae">Proterosuchidae</a></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Erythrosuchidae" title="Erythrosuchidae">Erythrosuchidae</a></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Protopyknosia" title="Protopyknosia">Protopyknosia</a></li> <li><b>Eucrocopoda</b> <small>Ezcurra, 2016</small> <ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Asperoris" title="Asperoris">Asperoris</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Dorosuchus" title="Dorosuchus">Dorosuchus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Heteropelta" title="Heteropelta">Heteropelta</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Litorosuchus" title="Litorosuchus">Litorosuchus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Marcianosuchus" title="Marcianosuchus">Marcianosuchus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Polymorphodon" title="Polymorphodon">Polymorphodon</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Vancleavea" title="Vancleavea">Vancleavea</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Euparkeriidae" title="Euparkeriidae">Euparkeriidae</a><sup id="cite_ref-SB14_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SB14-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Proterochampsia" title="Proterochampsia">Proterochampsia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crurotarsi" title="Crurotarsi">Crurotarsi</a> <ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Phytosauria" class="mw-redirect" title="Phytosauria">Phytosauria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archosauria" class="mw-redirect" title="Archosauria">Archosauria</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <p>Archosauriforms present several traits historically ascribed to the group Archosauria. These include serrated teeth set in deep sockets, a more active metabolism, and an <a href="/wiki/Antorbital_fenestra" title="Antorbital fenestra">antorbital fenestra</a> (a hole in the skull in front of the eyes). Reptiles with these traits have also been termed "<a href="/wiki/Thecodontia" title="Thecodontia">thecodonts</a>" in older methods of classification. Thecodontia is a <a href="/wiki/Paraphyly" title="Paraphyly">paraphyletic</a> group, and its usage as a <a href="/wiki/Taxonomy" title="Taxonomy">taxonomic</a> category has been rejected under modern <a href="/wiki/Cladistics" title="Cladistics">cladistic</a> systems. The name Archosauriformes is intended as a <a href="/wiki/Monophyly" title="Monophyly">monophyletic</a> replacement compatible with modern taxonomy. </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Evolutionary_history"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Evolutionary history</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Metabolism"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Metabolism</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Relationships"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Relationships</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Sources"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Sources</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Evolutionary_history">Evolutionary history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Archosauriformes&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Evolutionary history" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>Early archosauriforms, informally termed "<a href="/wiki/Proterosuchia" title="Proterosuchia">proterosuchians</a>", were superficially crocodile-like animals with sprawling gaits, carnivorous habits, and long hooked snouts. Unlike the bulk of their <a href="/wiki/Therapsid" class="mw-redirect" title="Therapsid">therapsid</a> contemporaries, archosauriforms survived the catastrophic <a href="/wiki/End-Permian_mass_extinction" class="mw-redirect" title="End-Permian mass extinction">end-Permian mass extinction</a>. The Late Permian proterosuchid <i><a href="/wiki/Archosaurus" title="Archosaurus">Archosaurus</a></i> is similar in appearance to its <a href="/wiki/Early_Triassic" title="Early Triassic">Early Triassic</a> relative, <i>Proterosuchus</i>. Within a few million years after the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/Triassic" title="Triassic">Triassic</a>, the archosauriformes had diversified past the "proterosuchian" <a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_grade" title="Evolutionary grade">grade</a>. The next major archosauriform group was <a href="/wiki/Erythrosuchidae" title="Erythrosuchidae">Erythrosuchidae</a>, a family of <a href="/wiki/Apex_predator" title="Apex predator">apex predators</a> with massive heads, the largest carnivorous reptiles up to that time. </p><p>In 2016, <a href="/wiki/Martin_Ezcurra" class="mw-redirect" title="Martin Ezcurra">Martin Ezcurra</a> provided the name <b>Eucrocopoda</b> for the clade including all archosauriforms more <a href="/wiki/Crown_group" title="Crown group">crownward</a> (closer to archosaurs) than erythrosuchids. He defined the clade all taxa more closely related to <i><a href="/wiki/Euparkeria_capensis" class="mw-redirect" title="Euparkeria capensis">Euparkeria capensis</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Proterochampsa" title="Proterochampsa">Proterochampa barrionuevoi</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Doswellia_kaltenbachi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doswellia kaltenbachi">Doswellia kaltenbachi</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Parasuchus_hislopi" class="mw-redirect" title="Parasuchus hislopi">Parasuchus hislopi</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Passer_domesticus" class="mw-redirect" title="Passer domesticus">Passer domesticus</a></i> (the house sparrow), or <i><a href="/wiki/Crocodylus_niloticus" class="mw-redirect" title="Crocodylus niloticus">Crocodylus niloticus</a></i> (the Nile crocodile) than to <i><a href="/wiki/Proterosuchus_fergusi" class="mw-redirect" title="Proterosuchus fergusi">Proterosuchus fergusi</a></i> or <i><a href="/wiki/Erythrosuchus_africanus" class="mw-redirect" title="Erythrosuchus africanus">Erythrosuchus africanus</a></i>. The name translates to "true crocodile feet", in reference to the possession of a crocodilian-style <a href="/wiki/Crurotarsal" title="Crurotarsal">crurotarsal ankle</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ezcurra2016_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ezcurra2016-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eucrocopodans include the families <a href="/wiki/Euparkeriidae" title="Euparkeriidae">Euparkeriidae</a> (small, agile reptiles),<a href="/wiki/Proterochampsidae" title="Proterochampsidae">Proterochampsidae</a> (narrow-snouted predators endemic to <a href="/wiki/South_America" title="South America">South America</a>), and <a href="/wiki/Doswelliidae" title="Doswelliidae">Doswelliidae</a> (heavily armored <a href="/wiki/Laurasia" title="Laurasia">Laurasian</a> reptiles similar to proterochampsids), as well as various other strange reptiles such as <i><a href="/wiki/Vancleavea" title="Vancleavea">Vancleavea</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Asperoris" title="Asperoris">Asperoris</a></i>. </p><p>The most successful archosauriforms, and the only members to survive into the <a href="/wiki/Jurassic" title="Jurassic">Jurassic</a>, were the <a href="/wiki/Archosaur" title="Archosaur">archosaurs</a>. Archosauria includes crocodilians, birds, and all descendants of their <a href="/wiki/Common_ancestor" class="mw-redirect" title="Common ancestor">common ancestor</a>. Extinct archosaurs include <a href="/wiki/Aetosaur" title="Aetosaur">aetosaurs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rauisuchidae" title="Rauisuchidae">rauisuchids</a> (both members of the crocodilian branch), <a href="/wiki/Pterosaur" title="Pterosaur">pterosaurs</a>, and non-avian <a href="/wiki/Dinosaur" title="Dinosaur">dinosaurs</a> (both members of the avian branch).<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Metabolism">Metabolism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Archosauriformes&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Metabolism" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <p>Vascular density and <a href="/wiki/Osteocyte" title="Osteocyte">osteocyte</a> density, shape and area have been used to estimate the bone growth rate of archosaurs, leading to the conclusion that this rate had a tendency to grow in ornithodirans and decrease in pseudosuchians.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The same method also supports the existence of high resting metabolical rates similar to those of living endotherms (mammals and birds) in the <i><a href="/wiki/Prolacerta" title="Prolacerta">Prolacerta</a></i>-Archosauriformes clade that were retained by most subgroups, though decreased in <i>Proterosuchus,</i> <a href="/wiki/Phytosaur" title="Phytosaur">Phytosauria</a> and Crocodilia.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Erythrosuchids and <i>Euparkeria</i> are basal archosauriforms showing signs of high growth rates and elevated metabolism, with <i>Erythrosuchus</i> possessing a rate similar of the fastest-growing dinosaurs. Sexual maturity in those Triassic taxa was probably reached quickly, providing advantage in a habitat with unpredictable variation from heavy rainfall to drought and high mortality. <i><a href="/wiki/Vancleavea" title="Vancleavea">Vancleavea</a></i> and <i>Euparkeria</i>, which show slower growth rates compared to <i>Erythrosuchus</i>, lived after the climatic stabilization. Early crown archosaurs possessed increased growth rates, which were retained by ornithodirans.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ornithosuchidae" title="Ornithosuchidae">Ornithosuchians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Poposauroidea" title="Poposauroidea">poposaurs</a> are stem-crocodilians that show high growth rates similar to those of basal archosauriforms.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Developmental, physiological, anatomical and palaeontological lines of evidence indicate that crocodilians evolved from endothermic ancestors. Living crocodilians are ambush predators adapted to a semi-aquatic lifestyle that benefits from ectothermy due to the lower oxygen intake that allows longer diving time. The mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood in their circulatory system is apparently an innovation that benefits ectothermic life. Earlier archosaurs likely lacked those adaptations and instead had completely separated blood as birds and mammals do.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A similar process occurred in phytosaurs, which were also semi-aquatic.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The similarities between <a href="/wiki/Pterosaur" title="Pterosaur">pterosaur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ornithischia" title="Ornithischia">ornithischian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Coelurosauria" title="Coelurosauria">coelurosaurian</a> integument suggest a common origin of <a href="/wiki/Thermal_insulation" title="Thermal insulation">thermal insulation</a> (feathers) in ornithodirans at least 250 million years ago.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Erythrosuchids living in high latitudes might have benefited from some sort of insulation.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> If <i><a href="/wiki/Longisquama" title="Longisquama">Longisquama</a></i> was an archosauromorph, it could be associated with the origin of feathers.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Relationships">Relationships</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Archosauriformes&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Relationships" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <p>Below is a cladogram from Nesbitt (2011):<sup id="cite_ref-NSJ11_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NSJ11-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="clade"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1258728058">body.skin-vector-2022 .mw-parser-output div.clade,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output div.clade{overflow-x:auto;overflow-y:hidden}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output div.clade p{font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output table.clade{border-spacing:0;margin:0;font-size:100%;line-height:100%;border-collapse:separate;width:auto}.mw-parser-output table.clade table.clade{width:100%;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label{min-width:0.2em;width:0.2em;padding:0.1em 0.25em;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label::before,.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel::before{content:"\2060 "}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width{overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.first{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel{padding:0.1em 0.25em;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.last{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar{vertical-align:middle;text-align:left;padding:0 0.5em;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar.reverse{text-align:right;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf{border:0;padding:0;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leafR{border:0;padding:0;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf.reverse{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkA{background-color:yellow}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkB{background-color:green}</style> <table class="clade" style="font-size:100%;line-height:85%"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><b>Archosauriformes</b> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/wiki/Proterosuchidae" title="Proterosuchidae">Proterosuchidae</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Archosaurus" title="Archosaurus">Archosaurus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Proterosuchus" title="Proterosuchus">Proterosuchus</a></i><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ProterosuchusDB_flipped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/ProterosuchusDB_flipped.jpg/80px-ProterosuchusDB_flipped.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="17" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1341" data-file-height="285"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 80px;height: 17px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/ProterosuchusDB_flipped.jpg/80px-ProterosuchusDB_flipped.jpg" data-width="80" data-height="17" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/ProterosuchusDB_flipped.jpg/120px-ProterosuchusDB_flipped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/ProterosuchusDB_flipped.jpg/160px-ProterosuchusDB_flipped.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Erythrosuchus" title="Erythrosuchus">Erythrosuchus</a></i><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Erythrosuchus_africanus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Erythrosuchus_africanus.jpg/80px-Erythrosuchus_africanus.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="46" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2958" data-file-height="1705"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 80px;height: 46px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Erythrosuchus_africanus.jpg/80px-Erythrosuchus_africanus.jpg" data-width="80" data-height="46" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Erythrosuchus_africanus.jpg/120px-Erythrosuchus_africanus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Erythrosuchus_africanus.jpg/160px-Erythrosuchus_africanus.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Vancleavea" title="Vancleavea">Vancleavea</a></i><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vancleavea_white_background.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Vancleavea_white_background.jpg/80px-Vancleavea_white_background.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="24" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1918" data-file-height="572"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 80px;height: 24px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Vancleavea_white_background.jpg/80px-Vancleavea_white_background.jpg" data-width="80" data-height="24" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Vancleavea_white_background.jpg/120px-Vancleavea_white_background.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Vancleavea_white_background.jpg/160px-Vancleavea_white_background.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/wiki/Proterochampsia" title="Proterochampsia">Proterochampsia</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Tropidosuchus" title="Tropidosuchus">Tropidosuchus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Chanaresuchus" title="Chanaresuchus">Chanaresuchus</a></i><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chanaresuchus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Chanaresuchus.jpg/80px-Chanaresuchus.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="26" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2231" data-file-height="720"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 80px;height: 26px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Chanaresuchus.jpg/80px-Chanaresuchus.jpg" data-width="80" data-height="26" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Chanaresuchus.jpg/120px-Chanaresuchus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Chanaresuchus.jpg/160px-Chanaresuchus.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Euparkeria" title="Euparkeria">Euparkeria</a></i><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Euparkeria_white_background.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Euparkeria_white_background.png/80px-Euparkeria_white_background.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="34" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2655" data-file-height="1117"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 80px;height: 34px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Euparkeria_white_background.png/80px-Euparkeria_white_background.png" data-width="80" data-height="34" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Euparkeria_white_background.png/120px-Euparkeria_white_background.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Euparkeria_white_background.png/160px-Euparkeria_white_background.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><b><a href="/wiki/Crurotarsi" title="Crurotarsi">Crurotarsi</a></b> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/wiki/Phytosauria" class="mw-redirect" title="Phytosauria">Phytosauria</a>* </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Parasuchus" title="Parasuchus">Parasuchus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Smilosuchus" title="Smilosuchus">Smilosuchus</a></i><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Smilosuchus_adamanensis_flipped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Smilosuchus_adamanensis_flipped.jpg/80px-Smilosuchus_adamanensis_flipped.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="18" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2894" data-file-height="648"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 80px;height: 18px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Smilosuchus_adamanensis_flipped.jpg/80px-Smilosuchus_adamanensis_flipped.jpg" data-width="80" data-height="18" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Smilosuchus_adamanensis_flipped.jpg/120px-Smilosuchus_adamanensis_flipped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Smilosuchus_adamanensis_flipped.jpg/160px-Smilosuchus_adamanensis_flipped.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Pseudopalatus" class="mw-redirect" title="Pseudopalatus">Pseudopalatus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><b><a href="/wiki/Archosauria" class="mw-redirect" title="Archosauria">Archosauria</a></b> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Pseudosuchia" title="Pseudosuchia">Pseudosuchia</a><span style="display: inline-block; transform: scaleX(-1);"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Deinosuchus_riograndensis.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Deinosuchus_riograndensis.png/80px-Deinosuchus_riograndensis.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="24" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="999" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 80px;height: 24px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Deinosuchus_riograndensis.png/80px-Deinosuchus_riograndensis.png" data-width="80" data-height="24" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Deinosuchus_riograndensis.png/120px-Deinosuchus_riograndensis.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Deinosuchus_riograndensis.png/160px-Deinosuchus_riograndensis.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Avemetatarsalia" title="Avemetatarsalia">Avemetatarsalia</a><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Meyers_grosses_Konversations-Lexikon_-_ein_Nachschlagewerk_des_allgemeinen_Wissens_(1908)_(Antwerpener_Breiftaube).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Meyers_grosses_Konversations-Lexikon_-_ein_Nachschlagewerk_des_allgemeinen_Wissens_%281908%29_%28Antwerpener_Breiftaube%29.jpg/40px-Meyers_grosses_Konversations-Lexikon_-_ein_Nachschlagewerk_des_allgemeinen_Wissens_%281908%29_%28Antwerpener_Breiftaube%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="40" height="44" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="638" data-file-height="698"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 40px;height: 44px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Meyers_grosses_Konversations-Lexikon_-_ein_Nachschlagewerk_des_allgemeinen_Wissens_%281908%29_%28Antwerpener_Breiftaube%29.jpg/40px-Meyers_grosses_Konversations-Lexikon_-_ein_Nachschlagewerk_des_allgemeinen_Wissens_%281908%29_%28Antwerpener_Breiftaube%29.jpg" data-width="40" data-height="44" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Meyers_grosses_Konversations-Lexikon_-_ein_Nachschlagewerk_des_allgemeinen_Wissens_%281908%29_%28Antwerpener_Breiftaube%29.jpg/60px-Meyers_grosses_Konversations-Lexikon_-_ein_Nachschlagewerk_des_allgemeinen_Wissens_%281908%29_%28Antwerpener_Breiftaube%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Meyers_grosses_Konversations-Lexikon_-_ein_Nachschlagewerk_des_allgemeinen_Wissens_%281908%29_%28Antwerpener_Breiftaube%29.jpg/80px-Meyers_grosses_Konversations-Lexikon_-_ein_Nachschlagewerk_des_allgemeinen_Wissens_%281908%29_%28Antwerpener_Breiftaube%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>*<u>Note</u>: Phytosaurs were previously placed within Pseudosuchia, or crocodile-line archosaurs. </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>Below is a cladogram from Sengupta <i>et al.</i> (2017),<sup id="cite_ref-description_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-description-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> based on an updated version of Ezcurra (2016)<sup id="cite_ref-ezcurra2016_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ezcurra2016-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that reexamined all historical members of the "Proterosuchia" (a <a href="/wiki/Polyphyletic" class="mw-redirect" title="Polyphyletic">polyphyletic</a> historical group including <a href="/wiki/Proterosuchid" class="mw-redirect" title="Proterosuchid">proterosuchids</a> and <a href="/wiki/Erythrosuchid" class="mw-redirect" title="Erythrosuchid">erythrosuchids</a>). The placement of fragmentary taxa that had to be removed to increase tree resolution are indicated by dashed lines (in the most derived position that they can be confidently assigned to). Taxa that are <i><a href="/wiki/Nomina_dubia" class="mw-redirect" title="Nomina dubia">nomina dubia</a></i> are indicated by the note "dubium". Bold terminal taxa are collapsed.<sup id="cite_ref-ezcurra2016_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ezcurra2016-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="clade"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade" style="font-size:80%;line-height:80%"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/wiki/Crocopoda" class="mw-redirect" title="Crocopoda">Crocopoda</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Allokotosauria" title="Allokotosauria">Allokotosauria</a></b><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Trilophosaurus_buettneri_(flipped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Trilophosaurus_buettneri_%28flipped%29.jpg/80px-Trilophosaurus_buettneri_%28flipped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="18" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1916" data-file-height="428"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 80px;height: 18px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Trilophosaurus_buettneri_%28flipped%29.jpg/80px-Trilophosaurus_buettneri_%28flipped%29.jpg" data-width="80" data-height="18" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Trilophosaurus_buettneri_%28flipped%29.jpg/120px-Trilophosaurus_buettneri_%28flipped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Trilophosaurus_buettneri_%28flipped%29.jpg/160px-Trilophosaurus_buettneri_%28flipped%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Rhynchosauria" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhynchosauria">Rhynchosauria</a></b><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hyperodapedon_BW2_white_background.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Hyperodapedon_BW2_white_background.jpg/80px-Hyperodapedon_BW2_white_background.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="33" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="613" data-file-height="250"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 80px;height: 33px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Hyperodapedon_BW2_white_background.jpg/80px-Hyperodapedon_BW2_white_background.jpg" data-width="80" data-height="33" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Hyperodapedon_BW2_white_background.jpg/120px-Hyperodapedon_BW2_white_background.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Hyperodapedon_BW2_white_background.jpg/160px-Hyperodapedon_BW2_white_background.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Boreopricea_funerea" class="mw-redirect" title="Boreopricea funerea">Boreopricea funerea</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Prolacertidae" title="Prolacertidae">Prolacertidae</a></b> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Prolacerta_broomi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Prolacerta_broomi.jpg/80px-Prolacerta_broomi.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="28" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2290" data-file-height="796"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 80px;height: 28px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Prolacerta_broomi.jpg/80px-Prolacerta_broomi.jpg" data-width="80" data-height="28" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Prolacerta_broomi.jpg/120px-Prolacerta_broomi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Prolacerta_broomi.jpg/160px-Prolacerta_broomi.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first" style="border-left:none;border-right:none;border-bottom:1px dashed;"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p>SAM-PK-591 </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel" style="border-right:none;border-left:1px solid;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label" style="border-left:1px solid;border-bottom:1px dashed;"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i>"<a href="/wiki/Ankistrodon_indicus" class="mw-redirect" title="Ankistrodon indicus">Ankistrodon indicus</a>"</i> (dubium) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel" style="border-right:none;border-left:1px solid;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label" style="border-left:1px solid;border-bottom:1px dashed;"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i>"<a href="/wiki/Blomosuchus_georgii" class="mw-redirect" title="Blomosuchus georgii">Blomosuchus georgii</a>"</i> (dubium) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel" style="border-right:none;border-left:1px solid;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Tasmaniosaurus_triassicus" class="mw-redirect" title="Tasmaniosaurus triassicus">Tasmaniosaurus triassicus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><b>Archosauriformes</b> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first" style="border-left:none;border-right:none;border-bottom:1px dashed;"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first" style="border-left:none;border-right:none;border-bottom:1px dashed;"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Chasmatosuchus_magnus" class="mw-redirect" title="Chasmatosuchus magnus">Chasmatosuchus magnus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Chasmatosuchus_rossicus" class="mw-redirect" title="Chasmatosuchus rossicus">Chasmatosuchus rossicus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Gamosaurus_lozovskii" class="mw-redirect" title="Gamosaurus lozovskii">Gamosaurus lozovskii</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last" style="border-right:none;border-left:none;"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel" style="border-right:none;border-left:1px solid;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label" style="border-left:1px solid;border-bottom:1px dashed;"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Chasmatosuchus_vjushkovi" class="mw-redirect" title="Chasmatosuchus vjushkovi">Chasmatosuchus vjushkovi</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel" style="border-right:none;border-left:1px solid;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label" style="border-left:1px solid;border-bottom:1px dashed;"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Vonhuenia_friedrichi" class="mw-redirect" title="Vonhuenia friedrichi">Vonhuenia friedrichi</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel" style="border-right:none;border-left:1px solid;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Proterosuchidae" title="Proterosuchidae">Proterosuchidae</a></b><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ProterosuchusDB_flipped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/ProterosuchusDB_flipped.jpg/80px-ProterosuchusDB_flipped.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="17" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1341" data-file-height="285"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 80px;height: 17px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/ProterosuchusDB_flipped.jpg/80px-ProterosuchusDB_flipped.jpg" data-width="80" data-height="17" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/ProterosuchusDB_flipped.jpg/120px-ProterosuchusDB_flipped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/ProterosuchusDB_flipped.jpg/160px-ProterosuchusDB_flipped.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first" style="border-left:none;border-right:none;border-bottom:1px dashed;"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Eorasaurus_olsoni" class="mw-redirect" title="Eorasaurus olsoni">Eorasaurus olsoni</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel" style="border-right:none;border-left:1px solid;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label" style="border-left:1px solid;border-bottom:1px dashed;"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Kalisuchus_rewanensis" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalisuchus rewanensis">Kalisuchus rewanensis</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel" style="border-right:none;border-left:1px solid;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Fugusuchus_hejiapanensis" class="mw-redirect" title="Fugusuchus hejiapanensis">Fugusuchus hejiapanensis</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Sarmatosuchus_otschevi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sarmatosuchus otschevi">Sarmatosuchus otschevi</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Cuyosuchus_huenei" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuyosuchus huenei">Cuyosuchus huenei</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Erythrosuchidae" title="Erythrosuchidae">Erythrosuchidae</a></b><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Erythrosuchus_africanus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Erythrosuchus_africanus.jpg/80px-Erythrosuchus_africanus.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="46" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2958" data-file-height="1705"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 80px;height: 46px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Erythrosuchus_africanus.jpg/80px-Erythrosuchus_africanus.jpg" data-width="80" data-height="46" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Erythrosuchus_africanus.jpg/120px-Erythrosuchus_africanus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Erythrosuchus_africanus.jpg/160px-Erythrosuchus_africanus.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><b>Eucrocopoda</b> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Asperoris_mnyama" class="mw-redirect" title="Asperoris mnyama">Asperoris mnyama</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Dorosuchus_neoetus" class="mw-redirect" title="Dorosuchus neoetus">Dorosuchus neoetus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Euparkeria_capensis" class="mw-redirect" title="Euparkeria capensis">Euparkeria capensis</a></i><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Euparkeria_white_background.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Euparkeria_white_background.png/80px-Euparkeria_white_background.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="34" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2655" data-file-height="1117"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 80px;height: 34px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Euparkeria_white_background.png/80px-Euparkeria_white_background.png" data-width="80" data-height="34" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Euparkeria_white_background.png/120px-Euparkeria_white_background.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Euparkeria_white_background.png/160px-Euparkeria_white_background.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/wiki/Proterochampsia" title="Proterochampsia">Proterochampsia</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Doswelliidae" title="Doswelliidae">Doswelliidae</a></b><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Doswellia_kaltenbachi_life_restoration.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Doswellia_kaltenbachi_life_restoration.png/80px-Doswellia_kaltenbachi_life_restoration.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="27" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="850"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 80px;height: 27px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Doswellia_kaltenbachi_life_restoration.png/80px-Doswellia_kaltenbachi_life_restoration.png" data-width="80" data-height="27" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Doswellia_kaltenbachi_life_restoration.png/120px-Doswellia_kaltenbachi_life_restoration.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Doswellia_kaltenbachi_life_restoration.png/160px-Doswellia_kaltenbachi_life_restoration.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Proterochampsidae" title="Proterochampsidae">Proterochampsidae</a></b><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pseudochampsa_life_restoration_white_background.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Pseudochampsa_life_restoration_white_background.jpg/80px-Pseudochampsa_life_restoration_white_background.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="32" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="551" data-file-height="223"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 80px;height: 32px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Pseudochampsa_life_restoration_white_background.jpg/80px-Pseudochampsa_life_restoration_white_background.jpg" data-width="80" data-height="32" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Pseudochampsa_life_restoration_white_background.jpg/120px-Pseudochampsa_life_restoration_white_background.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Pseudochampsa_life_restoration_white_background.jpg/160px-Pseudochampsa_life_restoration_white_background.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><a href="/wiki/Archosauria" class="mw-redirect" title="Archosauria">Archosauria</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/wiki/Pseudosuchia" title="Pseudosuchia">Pseudosuchia</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Phytosauria" class="mw-redirect" title="Phytosauria">Phytosauria</a></b><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Smilosuchus_adamanensis_flipped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Smilosuchus_adamanensis_flipped.jpg/80px-Smilosuchus_adamanensis_flipped.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="18" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2894" data-file-height="648"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 80px;height: 18px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Smilosuchus_adamanensis_flipped.jpg/80px-Smilosuchus_adamanensis_flipped.jpg" data-width="80" data-height="18" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Smilosuchus_adamanensis_flipped.jpg/120px-Smilosuchus_adamanensis_flipped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Smilosuchus_adamanensis_flipped.jpg/160px-Smilosuchus_adamanensis_flipped.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><b>The rest of Pseudosuchia</b><span style="display: inline-block; transform: scaleX(-1);"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Deinosuchus_riograndensis.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Deinosuchus_riograndensis.png/80px-Deinosuchus_riograndensis.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="24" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="999" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 80px;height: 24px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Deinosuchus_riograndensis.png/80px-Deinosuchus_riograndensis.png" data-width="80" data-height="24" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Deinosuchus_riograndensis.png/120px-Deinosuchus_riograndensis.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Deinosuchus_riograndensis.png/160px-Deinosuchus_riograndensis.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><a href="/wiki/Avemetatarsalia" title="Avemetatarsalia">Avemetatarsalia</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Aphanosauria" title="Aphanosauria">Aphanosauria</a></b><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Teleocrater_v1.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Teleocrater_v1.png/80px-Teleocrater_v1.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="21" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="481"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 80px;height: 21px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Teleocrater_v1.png/80px-Teleocrater_v1.png" data-width="80" data-height="21" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Teleocrater_v1.png/120px-Teleocrater_v1.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Teleocrater_v1.png/160px-Teleocrater_v1.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Ornithodira" class="mw-redirect" title="Ornithodira">Ornithodira</a></b><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Meyers_grosses_Konversations-Lexikon_-_ein_Nachschlagewerk_des_allgemeinen_Wissens_(1908)_(Antwerpener_Breiftaube).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Meyers_grosses_Konversations-Lexikon_-_ein_Nachschlagewerk_des_allgemeinen_Wissens_%281908%29_%28Antwerpener_Breiftaube%29.jpg/40px-Meyers_grosses_Konversations-Lexikon_-_ein_Nachschlagewerk_des_allgemeinen_Wissens_%281908%29_%28Antwerpener_Breiftaube%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="40" height="44" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="638" data-file-height="698"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 40px;height: 44px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Meyers_grosses_Konversations-Lexikon_-_ein_Nachschlagewerk_des_allgemeinen_Wissens_%281908%29_%28Antwerpener_Breiftaube%29.jpg/40px-Meyers_grosses_Konversations-Lexikon_-_ein_Nachschlagewerk_des_allgemeinen_Wissens_%281908%29_%28Antwerpener_Breiftaube%29.jpg" data-width="40" data-height="44" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Meyers_grosses_Konversations-Lexikon_-_ein_Nachschlagewerk_des_allgemeinen_Wissens_%281908%29_%28Antwerpener_Breiftaube%29.jpg/60px-Meyers_grosses_Konversations-Lexikon_-_ein_Nachschlagewerk_des_allgemeinen_Wissens_%281908%29_%28Antwerpener_Breiftaube%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Meyers_grosses_Konversations-Lexikon_-_ein_Nachschlagewerk_des_allgemeinen_Wissens_%281908%29_%28Antwerpener_Breiftaube%29.jpg/80px-Meyers_grosses_Konversations-Lexikon_-_ein_Nachschlagewerk_des_allgemeinen_Wissens_%281908%29_%28Antwerpener_Breiftaube%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Archosauriformes&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Sources" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGauthier1986" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Gauthier" title="Jacques Gauthier">Gauthier, J. A.</a> (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=B1d0QgAACAAJ">"Saurischian monophyly and the origin of birds"</a>. In Padian, K. (ed.). <i>The Origin of Birds and the Evolution of Flight</i>. Memoirs of the California Academy of Sciences. Vol. 8. <a href="/wiki/California_Academy_of_Sciences" title="California Academy of Sciences">California Academy of Sciences</a>. pp. 1–55. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-940228-14-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-940228-14-6"><bdi>978-0-940228-14-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Saurischian+monophyly+and+the+origin+of+birds&rft.btitle=The+Origin+of+Birds+and+the+Evolution+of+Flight&rft.series=Memoirs+of+the+California+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.pages=1-55&rft.pub=California+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=978-0-940228-14-6&rft.aulast=Gauthier&rft.aufirst=J.+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DB1d0QgAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArchosauriformes" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGauthierKluge,_A._G.Rowe,_T.1988" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Gauthier" title="Jacques Gauthier">Gauthier, J. A.</a>; Kluge, A. G.; Rowe, T. (June 1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/73857/1/j.1096-0031.1988.tb00514.x.pdf">"Amniote phylogeny and the importance of fossils"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Cladistics_(journal)" title="Cladistics (journal)">Cladistics</a></i>. <b>4</b> (2). <a href="/wiki/John_Wiley_%26_Sons" class="mw-redirect" title="John Wiley & Sons">John Wiley & Sons</a>: 105–209. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1096-0031.1988.tb00514.x">10.1111/j.1096-0031.1988.tb00514.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027.42%2F73857">2027.42/73857</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34949076">34949076</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:83502693">83502693</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cladistics&rft.atitle=Amniote+phylogeny+and+the+importance+of+fossils&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=105-209&rft.date=1988-06&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2027.42%2F73857&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A83502693%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F34949076&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1096-0031.1988.tb00514.x&rft.aulast=Gauthier&rft.aufirst=J.+A.&rft.au=Kluge%2C+A.+G.&rft.au=Rowe%2C+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdeepblue.lib.umich.edu%2Fbitstream%2F2027.42%2F73857%2F1%2Fj.1096-0031.1988.tb00514.x.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArchosauriformes" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Archosauriformes&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-SB14-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SB14_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSookiasSullivanLiuButler2014" class="citation journal cs1">Sookias, R. 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(2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4250070">"Systematics of putative euparkeriids (Diapsida: Archosauriformes) from the Triassic of China"</a>. <i>PeerJ</i>. <b>2</b>: e658. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.7717%2Fpeerj.658">10.7717/peerj.658</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4250070">4250070</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25469319">25469319</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PeerJ&rft.atitle=Systematics+of+putative+euparkeriids+%28Diapsida%3A+Archosauriformes%29+from+the+Triassic+of+China&rft.volume=2&rft.pages=e658&rft.date=2014&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4250070%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F25469319&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.7717%2Fpeerj.658&rft.aulast=Sookias&rft.aufirst=R.+B.&rft.au=Sullivan%2C+C.&rft.au=Liu%2C+J.&rft.au=Butler%2C+R.+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4250070&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArchosauriformes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ezcurra2016-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ezcurra2016_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ezcurra2016_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ezcurra2016_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ezcurra2016_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEzcurra2016" class="citation journal cs1">Ezcurra, Martín D. 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div>    </section></div> <noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=mobile" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Archosauriformes&oldid=1260472594">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Archosauriformes&oldid=1260472594</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=Archosauriformes&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="Beland" data-user-gender="unknown" data-timestamp="1733009175"> <span>Last edited on 30 November 2024, at 23:26</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%83%D9%84" title="أركوصورات الشكل – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أركوصورات الشكل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arcosauriformes" title="Arcosauriformes – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Arcosauriformes" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archosauriformes" title="Archosauriformes – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Archosauriformes" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archosauriformes" title="Archosauriformes – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Archosauriformes" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="شاه‌سوسمارریختان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شاه‌سوسمارریختان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archosauriformes" title="Archosauriformes – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Archosauriformes" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archosauriformes" title="Archosauriformes – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Archosauriformes" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archosauriformes" title="Archosauriformes – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Archosauriformes" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%99%D7%99_%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%96%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9D" title="דמויי ארכוזאורים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דמויי ארכוזאורים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archosauriformes" title="Archosauriformes – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Archosauriformes" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archosauriformes" title="Archosauriformes – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Archosauriformes" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E7%AB%9C%E5%9E%8B%E9%A1%9E" title="主竜型類 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="主竜型類" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archosauriformes" title="Archosauriformes – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Archosauriformes" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archosauriformes" title="Archosauriformes – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Archosauriformes" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8B" title="Архозавриформы – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Архозавриформы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archosauriformes" title="Archosauriformes – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Archosauriformes" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archosauriformes" title="Archosauriformes – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Archosauriformes" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archosauriformes" title="Archosauriformes – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Archosauriformes" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E9%BE%8D%E5%9E%8B%E9%A1%9E" title="主龍型類 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="主龍型類" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 30 November 2024, at 23:26<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">CC BY-SA 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places" class="footer-places hlist hlist-separated"> <li 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