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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Psalms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Psalms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Psalms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Royal_psalms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Royal_psalms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.1</span> <span>Royal psalms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Royal_psalms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Samuel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Samuel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Samuel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Samuel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Isaiah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Isaiah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Isaiah</span> 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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ecclesiasticus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8.2</span> <span>Ecclesiasticus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ecclesiasticus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Theological_development" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Theological_development"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Theological development</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Theological_development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Meaning" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Meaning"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Meaning</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Meaning-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_Testament_usage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_Testament_usage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>New Testament usage</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-New_Testament_usage-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle New Testament usage subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-New_Testament_usage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Synoptic_Gospels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Synoptic_Gospels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Synoptic Gospels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Synoptic_Gospels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gospel_of_John" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gospel_of_John"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Gospel of John</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gospel_of_John-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pauline_epistles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pauline_epistles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Pauline epistles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pauline_epistles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jesus'_own_assertions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jesus'_own_assertions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Jesus' own assertions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jesus'_own_assertions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_Testament_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_Testament_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>New Testament references</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-New_Testament_references-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle New Testament references subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-New_Testament_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Humans,_including_evangelists,_calling_Jesus_"Son_of_God"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Humans,_including_evangelists,_calling_Jesus_"Son_of_God""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Humans, including evangelists, calling Jesus "Son of God"</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Humans,_including_evangelists,_calling_Jesus_"Son_of_God"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jesus_calling_himself_"Son_of_God"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jesus_calling_himself_"Son_of_God""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Jesus calling himself "Son of God"</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jesus_calling_himself_"Son_of_God"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jesus_calling_God_his_father" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jesus_calling_God_his_father"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Jesus calling God his father</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jesus_calling_God_his_father-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-God_the_Father_calling_Jesus_his_Son" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#God_the_Father_calling_Jesus_his_Son"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>God the Father calling Jesus his Son</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-God_the_Father_calling_Jesus_his_Son-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Angels_calling_Jesus_"Son_of_God"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Angels_calling_Jesus_"Son_of_God""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Angels calling Jesus "Son of God"</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Angels_calling_Jesus_"Son_of_God"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Satan_or_demons_calling_Jesus_"Son_of_God"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Satan_or_demons_calling_Jesus_"Son_of_God""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6</span> <span>Satan or demons calling Jesus "Son of God"</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Satan_or_demons_calling_Jesus_"Son_of_God"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jesus_called_"the_Son"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jesus_called_"the_Son""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.7</span> <span>Jesus called "the Son"</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jesus_called_"the_Son"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-God_called_"the_God_and_Father_of_Jesus"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#God_called_"the_God_and_Father_of_Jesus""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.8</span> <span>God called "the God and Father of Jesus"</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-God_called_"the_God_and_Father_of_Jesus"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button 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class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="width:18em;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of a series on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Christology" title="Christology">Christology</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jesusicon.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Christ Pantocrator"><img alt="Christ Pantocrator" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Jesusicon.jpg/110px-Jesusicon.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Jesusicon.jpg/165px-Jesusicon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Jesusicon.jpg/220px-Jesusicon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="394" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:gold;font-size:105%;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Concepts</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christ_(title)" title="Christ (title)">Christ (Messiah)</a></li><li><i><a href="/wiki/Kyrios" title="Kyrios">Kyrios</a></i></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Son of God</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/God_the_Son" title="God the Son">God the Son</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Logos_(Christianity)" title="Logos (Christianity)">Logos</a></i></li><li><a href="/wiki/Incarnation_(Christianity)" title="Incarnation (Christianity)">Incarnation</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Pre-existence_of_Christ" title="Pre-existence of Christ">Pre-existence</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Active_obedience_of_Christ" title="Active obedience of Christ">Active obedience</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Communicatio_idiomatum" title="Communicatio idiomatum">Communicatio idiomatum</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consubstantiality" title="Consubstantiality">Consubstantiality</a></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Session_of_Christ#Theological_significance" title="Session of Christ">Exaltation</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Humiliation_of_Christ" title="Humiliation of Christ">Humiliation</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/God-man_(Christianity)" title="God-man (Christianity)">God-man</a></li><li><i><a href="/wiki/Homoi%C5%8Dma" title="Homoiōma">Homoiōma</a></i></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hypostatic_union" title="Hypostatic union">Hypostatic union</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Person_of_Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Person of Christ">Person</a></li><li><i><a href="/wiki/Prosopon" title="Prosopon">Prosopon</a></i></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Imitation_of_Christ#Christology" title="Imitation of Christ">Imitation</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Intercession_of_Christ#Christology" title="Intercession of Christ">Intercession</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Kenosis#Christology" title="Kenosis">Kenosis</a></i></li><li><i><a href="/wiki/Syncatabasis" title="Syncatabasis">Syncatabasis</a></i></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Knowledge_of_Christ" title="Knowledge of Christ">Knowledge</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Love_of_Christ" title="Love of Christ">Love</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Perfection_of_Christ" title="Perfection of Christ">Perfection</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Wisdom#In_Christology" title="Holy Wisdom">Wisdom</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Threefold_office" title="Threefold office">Threefold office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redeemer_(Christianity)" title="Redeemer (Christianity)">Redeemer</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:gold;font-size:105%;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Doctrines</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <dl><dt>Christological doctrines</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adoptionism" title="Adoptionism">Adoptionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollinarism" title="Apollinarism">Apollinarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eutychianism" title="Eutychianism">Eutychianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalcedonian_Definition" title="Chalcedonian Definition">Chalcedonism</a> (<a href="/wiki/Neo-Chalcedonism" title="Neo-Chalcedonism">Neo</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Docetism" title="Docetism">Docetism</a></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dyoenergism" title="Dyoenergism">Dyoenergism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Monoenergism" title="Monoenergism">Monoenergism</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dyothelitism" title="Dyothelitism">Dyothelitism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Monothelitism" title="Monothelitism">Monothelitism</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dyophysitism" title="Dyophysitism">Dyophysitism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Monophysitism" title="Monophysitism">Monophysitism</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miaphysitism" title="Miaphysitism">Miaphysitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henotikon" title="Henotikon">Henotikon</a></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Homoousion" title="Homoousion">Homoousionism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Acacians" title="Acacians">Homoiousianism</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homoian" class="mw-redirect" title="Homoian">Homoianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nestorianism" title="Nestorianism">Nestorianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theopaschism" title="Theopaschism">Theopaschism</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>By denomination</dt></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Extra_calvinisticum" title="Extra calvinisticum">Extra calvinisticum</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scholastic_Lutheran_Christology" title="Scholastic Lutheran Christology">Lutheran Christology</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Christology" title="Template:Christology"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Christology" title="Template talk:Christology"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Christology" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Christology"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>, the title <b>Son of God</b> refers to the status of <a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Christianity" title="Jesus in Christianity">Jesus</a> as the divine son of <a href="/wiki/God_the_Father" title="God the Father">God the Father</a>. </p><p>It derives from several uses in the <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a> and <a href="/wiki/Early_Christian" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Christian">early Christian</a> <a href="/wiki/Christian_theology" title="Christian theology">theology</a>. The terms "<a href="/wiki/Son_of_God" title="Son of God">son of God</a>" and "son of the L<span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">ORD</span>" are found in several passages of the <a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Old_Testament_usage"><span class="anchor" id="Old_Testament_usage"></span>Old Testament usage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Son_of_God_(Christianity)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Old Testament usage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Son_of_God" title="Son of God">Son of God</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sons_of_God" title="Sons of God">Sons of God</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Genesis">Genesis</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Son_of_God_(Christianity)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Genesis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Nephilim" title="Nephilim">Nephilim</a></div> <p>In the introduction to the <a href="/wiki/Genesis_flood_narrative" title="Genesis flood narrative">Genesis flood narrative</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Genesis#6:2" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (American Standard)/Genesis">Genesis 6:2</a> refers to "<a href="/wiki/Sons_of_God" title="Sons of God">sons of God</a>" who married the daughters of men and is used in a <a href="/wiki/Polytheistic" class="mw-redirect" title="Polytheistic">polytheistic</a> context to refer to <a href="/wiki/Angel" title="Angel">angels</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-OxJewish_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OxJewish-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Exodus">Exodus</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Son_of_God_(Christianity)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Exodus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Exodus 4:22,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Israelites" title="Israelites">Israelites as a people</a> are called "my firstborn son" by God, using the singular form. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Deuteronomy">Deuteronomy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Son_of_God_(Christianity)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Deuteronomy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In some versions of <a href="/wiki/Deuteronomy" class="mw-redirect" title="Deuteronomy">Deuteronomy</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Dead_Sea_Scrolls" title="Dead Sea Scrolls">Dead Sea Scrolls</a> refer to the sons of God rather than the sons of Israel, probably in reference to angels. The <a href="/wiki/Septuagint" title="Septuagint">Septuagint</a> reads similarly.<sup id="cite_ref-Riemer_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Riemer-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 147">: 147 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Psalms">Psalms</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Son_of_God_(Christianity)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Psalms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Psalms" title="Psalms">Psalms</a></div> <p>In Psalm 89:26–28,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/David" title="David">David</a> calls God his father. God in turn tells David that he will make David his first-born and highest king of the earth.<sup id="cite_ref-MessianicFigures_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MessianicFigures-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 45">: 45 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Riemer_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Riemer-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 150">: 150 </span></sup> </p><p>In Psalm 82:1–8,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Biblical_judges" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblical judges">Biblical judges</a> are called gods and the sons of God.<sup id="cite_ref-rhetoricalPerspective_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rhetoricalPerspective-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Royal_psalms">Royal psalms</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Son_of_God_(Christianity)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Royal psalms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Royal_psalms" title="Royal psalms">Royal psalms</a>, <a href="/wiki/Melchizedek" title="Melchizedek">Melchizedek</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Priesthood_of_Melchizedek" title="Priesthood of Melchizedek">Priesthood of Melchizedek</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Jesus_and_messianic_prophecy#Psalm_110" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesus and messianic prophecy">Jesus and messianic prophecy § Psalm 110</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jesus_and_messianic_prophecy#Psalm_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesus and messianic prophecy">Jesus and messianic prophecy § Psalm 2</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Psalm_2" title="Psalm 2">Psalm 2</a> is thought to be an enthronement text. The rebel nations and the uses of an iron rod are Assyrian motifs. The begetting of the king is an Egyptian one.<sup id="cite_ref-MessianicFigures_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MessianicFigures-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 26">: 26 </span></sup> <a href="/wiki/Kings_of_Israel_and_Judah_family_tree" class="mw-redirect" title="Kings of Israel and Judah family tree">Israel's kings</a> are referred to as the son of the L<span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">ORD</span>. They are reborn or adopted on the day of their enthroning as the "son of the L<span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">ORD</span>".<sup id="cite_ref-Riemer_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Riemer-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 150">: 150 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some scholars think that <a href="/wiki/Psalm_110" title="Psalm 110">Psalm 110</a> is an alternative enthronement text. Psalm 110:1 distinguishes the king from the L<span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">ORD</span>. The L<span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">ORD</span> asks the king to sit at his right hand.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Psalm 110:3 may or may not have a reference to the begetting of kings. The exact translation of 110:3 is uncertain. In the traditional Hebrew translations his youth is renewed like the morning dew. In some alternative translations the king is begotten by God like the morning dew or by the morning dew. One possible translation of 110:4 is that the king is told that he is a priest like <a href="/wiki/Melchizedek" title="Melchizedek">Melchizedek</a>. Another possibility is to translate Melchizedek not as a name but rather as a title "Righteous King".<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> If a reference is made to Melchizedek this could be linked to pre-Israelite Canaanite belief. The invitation to sit at the right hand of the deity and the king's enemy's being used as footstools are both classic Egyptian motifs, as is the association of the king with the rising sun. Many scholars now think that <a href="/wiki/Israelites" title="Israelites">Israelite</a> beliefs evolved from <a href="/wiki/Canaanite_religion" title="Canaanite religion">Canaanite beliefs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-MessianicFigures_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MessianicFigures-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 29–33">: 29–33 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Riemer_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Riemer-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 150">: 150 </span></sup> Jews have traditionally believed that Psalm 110 applied only to King David. Being the first Davidic king, he had certain priest-like responsibilities.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some believe that these psalms were not meant to apply to a single king, but rather were used during the enthronement ceremony. The fact that the <a href="/wiki/Royal_psalms" title="Royal psalms">Royal psalms</a> were preserved suggests that the influence of Egyptian and other near eastern cultures on pre-exile religion needs to be taken seriously. Ancient Egyptians used similar language to describe <a href="/wiki/Pharaoh" title="Pharaoh">pharaohs</a>. Assyrian and Canaanite influences among others are also noted.<sup id="cite_ref-MessianicFigures_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MessianicFigures-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 24–38">: 24–38 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Samuel">Samuel</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Son_of_God_(Christianity)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Samuel"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2 Samuel 7:13–16,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> God promises <a href="/wiki/David" title="David">David</a> regarding his offspring that "I will be to him as a father and he will be to me as a son." The promise is one of eternal kingship.<sup id="cite_ref-MessianicFigures_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MessianicFigures-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 39–44">: 39–44 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Isaiah">Isaiah</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Son_of_God_(Christianity)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Isaiah"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Pele-joez-el-gibbor-abi-ad-sar-shalom" title="Pele-joez-el-gibbor-abi-ad-sar-shalom">Pele-joez-el-gibbor-abi-ad-sar-shalom</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Christian_messianic_prophecies#Isaiah_9:5_(9:5,6)" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian messianic prophecies">Christian messianic prophecies § Isaiah 9:5 (9:5,6)</a></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Isaiah" title="Book of Isaiah">Isaiah 9:6</a>, the next king is greeted, similarly to the passages in Psalms. Like Psalm 45:7–8 he is figuratively likened to the supreme king God.<sup id="cite_ref-Riemer_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Riemer-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 150">: 150 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Divine_Emperor_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Divine_Emperor-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Isaiah could also be interpreted as the birth of a royal child, Psalm 2 nevertheless leaves the accession scenario as an attractive possibility.<sup id="cite_ref-MessianicFigures_7-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MessianicFigures-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 28">: 28 </span></sup> The king in 9:6 is thought to have been <a href="/wiki/Hezekiah" title="Hezekiah">Hezekiah</a> by Jews and various academic scholars.<sup id="cite_ref-MessianicFigures_7-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MessianicFigures-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 28">: 28 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jeremiah">Jeremiah</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Son_of_God_(Christianity)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Jeremiah"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Jeremiah#31:9" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (American Standard)/Jeremiah">Jeremiah 31:9</a>, God refers to himself as the father of Israel and <a href="/wiki/Tribe_of_Ephraim" title="Tribe of Ephraim">Ephraim</a> as his first born son. Ephraim in Jeremiah refers collectively to the northern kingdom.<sup id="cite_ref-Gabriel_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gabriel-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 43">: 43 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Deuterocanonicals">Deuterocanonicals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Son_of_God_(Christianity)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Deuterocanonicals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Wisdom">Wisdom</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Son_of_God_(Christianity)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Wisdom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Wisdom" title="Book of Wisdom">Book of Wisdom</a> refers to a righteous man as the son of God.<sup id="cite_ref-Riemer_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Riemer-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 157">: 157 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ecclesiasticus">Ecclesiasticus</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Son_of_God_(Christianity)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Ecclesiasticus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Sirach" class="mw-redirect" title="Sirach">Book of Ecclesiasticus</a> 4:10, in the Hebrew text, God calls a person who acts righteously his son. The Greek reads slightly differently; here, he will be "like a son of the Most High".<sup id="cite_ref-Riemer_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Riemer-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 157–158">: 157–158 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Theological_development">Theological development</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Son_of_God_(Christianity)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Theological development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nicaea_icon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Nicaea_icon.jpg/240px-Nicaea_icon.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="325" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Nicaea_icon.jpg/360px-Nicaea_icon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Nicaea_icon.jpg/480px-Nicaea_icon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1388" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Constantine_I_and_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Constantine I and Christianity">Emperor Constantine</a> and the Fathers of the <a href="/wiki/First_Council_of_Nicaea" title="First Council of Nicaea">First Council of Nicaea</a> of 325 with the Niceno–Constantinopolitan Creed of 381</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Son_of_man_(Christianity)" title="Son of man (Christianity)">Son of man (Christianity)</a></div> <p>Through the centuries, the theological development of the concept of Son of God has interacted with other <a href="/wiki/Christology" title="Christology">Christological</a> elements such as <a href="/wiki/Pre-existence_of_Christ" title="Pre-existence of Christ">pre-existence of Christ</a>, <a href="/wiki/Son_of_man_(Christianity)" title="Son of man (Christianity)">Son of man</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Hypostatic_union" title="Hypostatic union">hypostatic union</a>, etc. For instance, in <a href="/wiki/Johannine" class="mw-redirect" title="Johannine">Johannine</a> "Christology from above" which begins with the <a href="/wiki/Pre-existence_of_Christ" title="Pre-existence of Christ">pre-existence of Christ</a>, Jesus did not become Son of God through the <a href="/wiki/Virgin_birth_of_Jesus" title="Virgin birth of Jesus">virgin birth</a>, he was always the Son of God.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term <i>Son of God</i> is also found as a small fragment along with other Dead Sea Scrolls, numbered as <a href="/wiki/4Q246" title="4Q246">4Q246</a>. </p><p>Early Christians developed various view of how Jesus related to God and what role he played in God's plan for salvation.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the 2nd century, differences had developed among various Christian groups and to defend the mainstream view in the <a href="/wiki/Early_Christianity" title="Early Christianity">early Church</a>, <a href="/wiki/Irenaeus_of_Lyons" class="mw-redirect" title="Irenaeus of Lyons">Irenaeus</a> introduced the confession: "One Christ only, Jesus the Son of God incarnate for our salvation".<sup id="cite_ref-Irenaeus_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Irenaeus-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By referring to incarnation, this professes Jesus as the pre-existing <a href="/wiki/Logos_(Christianity)" title="Logos (Christianity)">Logos</a>, i.e. the Word. It also professes him as both Christ and the only-begotten Son of God.<sup id="cite_ref-Irenaeus_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Irenaeus-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>To establish a common ground, the <a href="/wiki/Nicene_Creed" title="Nicene Creed">Nicene Creed</a> of 325 began with the profession of the Father Almighty and then states belief: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>...in one Lord Jesus Christ, the Son of God, the only-begotten of his Father, of the substance of the Father, God of God, Light of Light, very God of very God, begotten, not made, being of one substance with the Father.<sup id="cite_ref-Creed_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Creed-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p><a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo" title="Augustine of Hippo">Augustine of Hippo</a> wrote at length on the title "Son of God* and its relationship with the title "<a href="/wiki/Son_of_man_(Christianity)" title="Son of man (Christianity)">Son of man</a>", positioning the two issues in terms of the dual nature of Jesus as both divine and human in terms of the <a href="/wiki/Hypostatic_union" title="Hypostatic union">hypostatic union</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Augustine_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Augustine-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He wrote: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Christ Jesus, the Son of God, is God and Man: God before all worlds, man in our world<span class="nowrap"> </span>[...] But since he is the only Son of God, by nature and not by grace, he became also the Son of Man that he might be full of grace as well.<sup id="cite_ref-Augustine_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Augustine-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>However, unlike <i>Son of God</i>, the proclamation of Jesus as the <a href="/wiki/Son_of_man_(Christianity)" title="Son of man (Christianity)">Son of man</a> has never been an article of faith in <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Higgins13_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Higgins13-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The interpretation of the use of "the Son of man" and its relationship to Son of God has remained challenging and after 150 years of debate no consensus on the issue has emerged among scholars.<sup id="cite_ref-Dunn724_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dunn724-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Delbert3_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Delbert3-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Just as in Romans 10:9–13 Paul emphasized the salvific value of "professing by mouth" that Jesus is Lord (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">Kyrion Iesoun</i></span>), Augustine emphasized the value of "professing that Jesus is the Son of God" as a path to salvation.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas" title="Thomas Aquinas">Thomas Aquinas</a> (who also taught the <a href="/wiki/Perfection_of_Christ" title="Perfection of Christ">Perfection of Christ</a>), the "'Son of God' is God as known to God".<sup id="cite_ref-acquinas_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-acquinas-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aquinas emphasized the crucial role of the Son of God in bringing forth all of creation and taught that although humans are created in the <a href="/wiki/Image_of_God" title="Image of God">image of God</a> they fall short and only the Son of God is truly like God, and hence divine.<sup id="cite_ref-acquinas_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-acquinas-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Meaning">Meaning</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Son_of_God_(Christianity)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Meaning"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Of all the <a href="/wiki/Christology" title="Christology">Christological</a> titles used in the <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a>, <i>Son of God</i> has had one of the most lasting impacts in Christian history and has become part of the profession of faith by many Christians.<sup id="cite_ref-Tuckett_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tuckett-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The New Testament quotes Psalm 110 extensively as applying to the Son of God. A new theological understanding of Psalm 110:1 and 110:4, distinct from that of Judaism, evolved.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jesus himself quotes Psalm 110 in Luke 20:41–44,<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Matthew 22:41–45,<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Mark 12:35–37.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Aquila_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aquila-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 211">: 211 </span></sup> The meanings and authenticity of these quotations are debated among modern scholars.<sup id="cite_ref-Aquila_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aquila-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 204">: 204 </span></sup> Various modern critical scholars reject that David wrote this psalm. In the <a href="/wiki/Masoretic_Text" title="Masoretic Text">Masoretic Text</a> many Psalm including this one are explicitly attributed to David. The superscription is "of David a psalm." Some have suggested that this indicates that Psalm 110 was not written by David. The superscription as it stands is ambiguous. However, Jewish tradition ascribes Psalm 110 and indeed all Psalms to king David.<sup id="cite_ref-Aaron_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aaron-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Walter_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Walter-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 314–315">: 314–315 </span></sup> In Christianity, David is considered to be a prophet. The New Testament records several psalms as having been spoken through David by the Holy Spirit.<sup id="cite_ref-Aaron_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aaron-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Acts 2:29–30<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> explicitly calls David a prophet.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jesus himself affirms the authorship of this psalm by David in Mark 12:36 and Matthew 22:43.<sup id="cite_ref-Walter_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Walter-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 314–315">: 314–315 </span></sup> In the Christian reading, David the king is presented as having a lord other than the Lord God. The second lord is the Messiah, who is greater than David, because David calls him "my lord".<sup id="cite_ref-Beale_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beale-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 371–373">: 371–373 </span></sup> In Hebrew, the first "Lord" in Psalm 110 is <span title="Biblical Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="hbo-Latn">Yahweh</i></span> (<span title="Biblical Hebrew-language text"><span lang="hbo" dir="rtl">יהוה</span></span>), while the second is referred to as <span title="Biblical Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="hbo-Latn">adoni</i></span> (<span title="Biblical Hebrew-language text"><span lang="hbo" dir="rtl">אדני</span></span>, 'my <span title="Biblical Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="hbo-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Adon" title="Adon">adon</a></i></span>'), a form of address that in the Old Testament is used generally for humans but also, in Judges 6:13,<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for the <a href="/wiki/Theophany" title="Theophany">theophanic</a> <a href="/wiki/Angel_of_the_Lord" title="Angel of the Lord">Angel of the Lord</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Walter_39-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Walter-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 319">: 319 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Greek-speaking Jewish philosopher <a href="/wiki/Philo" title="Philo">Philo</a>, a contemporary of Jesus, identified the Angel of the Lord with <a href="/wiki/Philo%27s_view_of_God" class="mw-redirect" title="Philo's view of God">his version of the <i>logos</i></a> distinct from the later <a href="/wiki/Logos_(Christianity)" title="Logos (Christianity)">Christian <i>logos</i></a>.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It is debated when exactly Christians came to understand Psalm 110 as introducing a distinction of persons in the Godhead and indicating that Jesus was more than a human or angelic messiah, but also a divine entity who was David's lord.<sup id="cite_ref-Aquila_37-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aquila-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 202–205, 210–11">: 202–205, 210–11 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hebrews 1:13 again quotes Psalm 110 to prove that the Son is superior to angels.<sup id="cite_ref-Aquila_37-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aquila-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 272">: 272 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Beale_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beale-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 939">: 939 </span></sup> Psalm 110 would play a crucial role in the development of the early Christian understanding of the divinity of Jesus. The final reading of Psalm 110:1 incorporated a preexistent Son of God greater than both David and the angels. The Apostles' Creed and the <a href="/wiki/Nicene_Creed" title="Nicene Creed">Niceno-Constantinopolitan Creed</a> would all included references to Psalm 110:1.<sup id="cite_ref-Aquila_37-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aquila-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 272">: 272 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Psalm 2:7 reads: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"> <p>I will tell of the decree of the Lord: </p><p> He said to me, "You are my son; today I have begotten you. Ask of me, and I will make the nations your heritage, and the ends of the earth your possession. You shall break them with a rod of iron, and dash them in pieces like a potter's vessel."</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Psalm 2:7<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <p>Psalm 2 can be seen as referring to a particular king of Judah, but has also been understood to reference the awaited Messiah.<sup id="cite_ref-Cathenc_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cathenc-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the New Testament, <a href="/wiki/Adam" title="Adam">Adam</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and, most notably, <a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Christianity" title="Jesus in Christianity">Jesus Christ</a><sup id="cite_ref-Cathenc_50-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cathenc-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> References to Psalm 2 in the New Testament are less common than Psalm 110. The passages in Acts, Hebrews and Romans that refer to it give the appearance of being linked with Jesus' resurrection and/or exaltation. Those in the Gospels associate it with Jesus' baptism and transfiguration. The majority of scholars believe that the earliest Christian use of this Psalm was in relation to his resurrection, suggesting that this was initially thought of as the moment when he became Son, a status that the early Christians later extended back to his earthly life, to the beginning of that earthly life and, later still, to his pre-existence, a view that Aquila Hyung Il Lee questions.<sup id="cite_ref-Aquila_37-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aquila-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 250–251">: 250–251 </span></sup> </p><p>The terms <i>sons of God</i> and <i>son of God</i> appear frequently in Jewish literature, and leaders of the people, kings and princes were called "sons of God".<sup id="cite_ref-Cathenc_50-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cathenc-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> What Jesus did with the language of divine sonship was first of all to apply it individually (to himself) and to fill it with a meaning that lifted "Son of God" beyond the level of his being merely a human being made like <a href="/wiki/Adam" title="Adam">Adam</a> in the image of God, his being perfectly sensitive to the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit" title="Holy Spirit">Holy Spirit</a> (<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Luke#4" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (American Standard)/Luke">Luke 4:1, 14, 18</a>), his bringing God's peace (<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Luke#2" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (American Standard)/Luke">Luke 2:14</a>; <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Luke#10" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (American Standard)/Luke">Luke 10:5–6</a>) albeit in his own way (Matthew 10:34,<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Luke 12:51),<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or even his being God's designated <a href="/wiki/Messiah" title="Messiah">Messiah</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-GOC_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GOC-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the New Testament, the title "Son of God" is applied to Jesus on many occasions.<sup id="cite_ref-Cathenc_50-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cathenc-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is often used to refer to his <a href="/wiki/Divinity" title="Divinity">divinity</a>, from the beginning of the New Testament narrative when in Luke 1:32–35<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the angel <a href="/wiki/Gabriel" title="Gabriel">Gabriel</a> announces: "the power of the Most High shall overshadow thee: wherefore also the holy thing which is begotten shall be called the Son of God."<sup id="cite_ref-Cathenc_50-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cathenc-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The declaration that Jesus is the Son of God is echoed by many sources in the New Testament.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On two separate occasions the declarations are by <a href="/wiki/God_the_Father" title="God the Father">God the Father</a>, when during the <a href="/wiki/Baptism_of_Jesus" title="Baptism of Jesus">Baptism of Jesus</a> and then during the <a href="/wiki/Transfiguration_of_Jesus" title="Transfiguration of Jesus">Transfiguration</a> as a voice from Heaven. On several occasions the <a href="/wiki/Disciple_(Christianity)" title="Disciple (Christianity)">disciples</a> call Jesus the Son of God and even the Jews scornfully remind Jesus during his crucifixion of his claim to be the "Son of God."<sup id="cite_ref-Cathenc_50-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cathenc-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, the concept of God as the father of Jesus, and Jesus as the exclusive divine Son of God is distinct from the concept of God as the Creator and father of all people, as indicated in the <a href="/wiki/Apostles%27_Creed" title="Apostles' Creed">Apostles' Creed</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Neville_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Neville-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The profession begins with expressing belief in the "Father almighty, creator of heaven and earth" and then immediately, but separately, in "Jesus Christ, his only Son, our Lord", thus expressing both senses of fatherhood within the Creed.<sup id="cite_ref-Neville_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Neville-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="New_Testament_usage">New Testament usage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Son_of_God_(Christianity)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: New Testament usage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sargis_Pitsak.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Sargis_Pitsak.jpg/180px-Sargis_Pitsak.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="252" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Sargis_Pitsak.jpg/270px-Sargis_Pitsak.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Sargis_Pitsak.jpg/360px-Sargis_Pitsak.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1808" data-file-height="2530" /></a><figcaption>First page of <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Mark" title="Gospel of Mark">Mark</a>: "The beginning of the gospel of Jesus Christ, the Son of God", by <a href="/wiki/Sargis_Pitsak" title="Sargis Pitsak">Sargis Pitsak</a>. 14th century.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Mark" title="Gospel of Mark">Gospel of Mark</a> begins by calling Jesus the Son of God and reaffirms the title twice when a voice from Heaven calls Jesus: "my Son" in Mark 1:11<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Mark 9:7.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kingsbury246_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kingsbury246-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Matthew 14:33,<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> after <a href="/wiki/Jesus_walks_on_water" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesus walks on water">Jesus walks on water</a>, the disciples tell Jesus: "You really are the Son of God!"<sup id="cite_ref-Pentecost_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pentecost-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In response to the question by Jesus, "But who do you say that I am?", Peter replied: "You are Christ, the Son of the living God". And Jesus answered him, "Blessed are you, Simon Bar-Jonah! For flesh and blood has not revealed this to you, but my Father who is in heaven" (Matthew 16:15–17).<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Matthew#27:43" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (American Standard)/Matthew">Matthew 27:43</a>, while Jesus hangs on the cross, the Judean leaders <a href="/wiki/Mocking_of_Jesus" title="Mocking of Jesus">mock him</a> to ask God help, "for he said, I am the Son of God", referring to the claim of Jesus to be the Son of God.<sup id="cite_ref-Bromiley571_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bromiley571-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Matthew_27:54" title="Matthew 27:54">Matthew 27:54</a> and Mark 15:39<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> include the exclamation by the Roman commander: "He was surely the Son of God!" after the earthquake following the <a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">Crucifixion of Jesus</a>. </p><p>In <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Luke#1:35" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (American Standard)/Luke">Luke 1:35</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Annunciation" title="Annunciation">Annunciation</a>, before the birth of Jesus, the angel tells Mary that her child "shall be called the Son of God". In <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Luke#4:41" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (American Standard)/Luke">Luke 4:41</a> (and Mark 3:11),<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> when Jesus casts out demons, they fall down before him, and declare: "You are the Son of God." </p><p>In John 1:34,<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist" title="John the Baptist">John the Baptist</a> bears witness that Jesus is the Son of God and in John 11:27<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Martha calls him the <a href="/wiki/Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Christ">Messiah</a> and the Son of God. In several passages in the <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_John" title="Gospel of John">Gospel of John</a> assertions of Jesus being the Son of God are usually also assertions of his unity with the Father, as in John 14:7–9:<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "If you know me, then you will also know my Father" and "Whoever has seen me has seen the Father".<sup id="cite_ref-Kingsbury246_60-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kingsbury246-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/John#19:7" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (American Standard)/John">John 19:7</a>, the Jews cry out to <a href="/wiki/Pontius_Pilate" title="Pontius Pilate">Pontius Pilate</a> "Crucify him" based on the charge that Jesus "made himself the Son of God." The charge that Jesus had declared himself "Son of God" was essential to the argument of the Jews from a religious perspective, as the charge that he had called himself <a href="/wiki/Jesus,_King_of_the_Jews" title="Jesus, King of the Jews">King of the Jews</a> was important to Pilate from a political perspective, for it meant possible rebellion against Rome.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Towards the end of the Gospel of John, in <a href="/wiki/John_20:31" title="John 20:31">John 20:31</a>, the author declares that the purpose for writing it was "that you may believe that Jesus is the Messiah, the Son of God".<sup id="cite_ref-Kingsbury246_60-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kingsbury246-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Acts#9:20" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (American Standard)/Acts">Acts 9:20</a>, after the <a href="/wiki/Conversion_of_Paul_the_Apostle" title="Conversion of Paul the Apostle">Conversion of Paul the Apostle</a>, and following his recovery, "straightway in the synagogues he proclaimed Jesus, that he is the Son of God." </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Synoptic_Gospels">Synoptic Gospels</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Son_of_God_(Christianity)&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Synoptic Gospels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the <a href="/wiki/Synoptic_Gospels" title="Synoptic Gospels">Synoptic Gospels</a>, Jesus referred to himself obliquely as "the Son" and even more significantly spoke of God as "my Father" (<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Matthew#11" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (American Standard)/Matthew">Matthew 11:27 par.</a>; <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Matthew#16" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (American Standard)/Matthew">16:17</a>; <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Luke#22" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (American Standard)/Luke">Luke 22:29</a>). He not only spoke like "the Son" but also acted like "the Son" in knowing and revealing the truth about God, in <a href="/wiki/Antithesis_of_the_Law" class="mw-redirect" title="Antithesis of the Law">changing the divine law</a>, in forgiving sins, in being the one through whom others could become children of God, and in acting with total obedience as the agent for <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_God" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of God">God's final kingdom</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-GOC_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GOC-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This clarifies the charge of <a href="/wiki/Blasphemy" title="Blasphemy">blasphemy</a> brought against him at the end (<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Mark#14" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (American Standard)/Mark">Mark 14:64 par.</a>); he had given the impression of claiming to stand on a par with God. Jesus came across as expressing a unique filial consciousness and as laying claim to a unique filial relationship with the God whom he addressed as <a href="/wiki/Aramaic_of_Jesus#Abba_.28.CE.91.CE.B2.CE.B2.CE.B1.29" class="mw-redirect" title="Aramaic of Jesus">"Abba"</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gospel_of_John">Gospel of John</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Son_of_God_(Christianity)&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Gospel of John"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_John" title="Gospel of John">Gospel of John</a>, Jesus is the eternally pre-existent Son who was sent from heaven into the world by God (e.g., John 3:17;<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 4:34;<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 5:24–37).<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He remains conscious of the divine pre-existence he enjoyed with the Father (John 8:23,<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 8:38–42).<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is one with the Father (John 10:30,<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 14:7)<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and loved by the Father (John 3:35,<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 5:20,<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 10:17,<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 17:23–26).<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Son has the divine power to give life and to judge (John 5:21–26,<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 6:40,<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 8:16,<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 17:2).<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Through his death, resurrection, and ascension the Son is glorified by the Father (<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/John#17" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (American Standard)/John">John 17:1–24</a>), but it is not a glory that is thereby essentially enhanced. His glory not only existed from the time of the incarnation to reveal the Father (John 1:14),<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but also pre-existed the creation of the world (John 17:5–24).<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Where Paul and the author of <a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Hebrews" title="Epistle to the Hebrews">Hebrews</a> picture Jesus almost as the elder brother or the first-born of God's new eschatological family (Romans 8:14–29;<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hebrews 2:10–12),<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> John insists even more on the clear qualitative difference between Jesus' sonship and that of others. Being God's "only Son" (John 1:14–18, 3:16–18), he enjoys a truly unique and exclusive relationship with the Father.<sup id="cite_ref-GOC_54-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GOC-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At least four of these themes go back to the earthly Jesus himself. First, although one has no real evidence for holding that he was humanly aware of his eternal pre-existence as Son, his "Abba-consciousness" revealed an intimate loving relationship with the Father. The full Johannine development of the Father-Son relationship rests on an authentic basis in the Jesus-tradition (<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Mark#14:36" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (American Standard)/Mark">Mark 14:36</a>; <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Matthew#11:25" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (American Standard)/Matthew">Matthew 11:25–26</a>; <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Matthew#16:17" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (American Standard)/Matthew">16:17</a>; <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Luke#11" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (American Standard)/Luke">Luke 11:2</a>). Second, Jesus not only thought of himself as God's Son, but also spoke of himself as sent by God. Once again, John develops the theme of the Son's mission, which is already present in sayings that at least partly go back to Jesus (Mark 9:37;<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Matthew 15:24;<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Luke 10:16),<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> especially in <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Mark#12:6" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (American Standard)/Mark">12:6</a>, where it is a question of the sending of a "beloved Son". Third, the Johannine theme of the Son with power to judge in the context of eternal life finds its original historical source in the sayings of Jesus about his power to dispose of things in the kingdom assigned to him by "my Father" (Luke 22:29–30)<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and about one's relationship to him deciding one's final destiny before God (Luke 12:8–9).<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fourth, albeit less insistently, when inviting his audience to accept a new filial relationship with God, Jesus – as previously seen – distinguished his own relationship to God from theirs.<sup id="cite_ref-GOC_54-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GOC-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The exclusive Johannine language of God's "only Son" has its real source in Jesus' preaching. All in all, Johannine <a href="/wiki/Theology" title="Theology">theology</a> fully deploys Jesus' divine sonship, but does so by building up what one already finds in the Synoptic Gospels and what, at least in part, derives from the earthly Jesus himself.<sup id="cite_ref-GOC_54-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GOC-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pauline_epistles">Pauline epistles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Son_of_God_(Christianity)&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Pauline epistles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Pauline_epistles" title="Pauline epistles">Pauline epistles</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Pre-existence_of_Christ" title="Pre-existence of Christ">Pre-existence of Christ</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pietro_Perugino_cat48c.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Pietro_Perugino_cat48c.jpg/240px-Pietro_Perugino_cat48c.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="297" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Pietro_Perugino_cat48c.jpg/360px-Pietro_Perugino_cat48c.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Pietro_Perugino_cat48c.jpg/480px-Pietro_Perugino_cat48c.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2022" data-file-height="2500" /></a><figcaption><i>The Ascension</i>, <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a> returning to his <a href="/wiki/God" title="God">Father</a> – by <a href="/wiki/Pietro_Perugino" title="Pietro Perugino">Pietro Perugino</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1500</span>), <a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_des_Beaux-Arts_de_Lyon" class="mw-redirect" title="Musée des Beaux-Arts de Lyon">Musée des Beaux-Arts de Lyon</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In their own way, the Gospel of John, the <a href="/wiki/First_Epistle_of_John" title="First Epistle of John">First Epistle of John</a> and <a href="/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle" title="Paul the Apostle">Paul the Apostle</a> maintain this distinction. Paul expressed their new relationship with God as taking place through an "adoption" (<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Galatians#4" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (American Standard)/Galatians">Galatians 4:5</a>; <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Romans#8" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (American Standard)/Romans">Romans 8:15</a>), which makes them "children of God" (<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Romans#8" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (American Standard)/Romans">Romans 8:16–17</a>) or, alternatively, "sons of God" (<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Romans#8" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (American Standard)/Romans">Romans 8:14</a>; (<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Galatians#4" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (American Standard)/Galatians">Romans 4:6–7</a>). John distinguished between the only Son of God (<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/John#1" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (American Standard)/John">John 1:14, 18</a>; <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/John#3" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (American Standard)/John">John 3:16, 18</a>) and all those who through faith can become "children of God" (<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/John#1" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (American Standard)/John">John 1:12</a>; <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/John#11" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (American Standard)/John">11:52</a>; and 1 John 3:1–2,10<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 5:2.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Paul and John likewise maintained and developed the correlative of all this, Jesus' stress on the fatherhood of God. In the Gospel of John, God is given the title of "Father" over 100 times. Paul's typical greeting to his correspondents runs as follows: "Grace to you and peace from <i>God our Father</i> and the/our Lord Jesus Christ".<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The greeting names Jesus as "Lord", but the context of "God our Father" implies his sonship.<sup id="cite_ref-GOC_54-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GOC-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Paul therefore distinguishes between their graced situation as God's adopted children and that of Jesus as Son of God. In understanding the latter's "natural" divine sonship, Paul firstly speaks of God "sending his own Son in the likeness of sinful nature and to deal with sin" (<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Romans#8" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (American Standard)/Romans">Romans 8:3</a>). In a similar passage, Paul says that "when the fullness of time had come God sent his Son, born of a woman, born under the law" (<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Galatians#4" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (American Standard)/Galatians">Galatians 4:4</a>). If one examines these three passages in some detail, it raises the question whether Paul thinks of an eternally pre-existent Son coming into the world from his Father in heaven to set humanity free from sin and death (<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Romans#8" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (American Standard)/Romans">Romans 8:3, 32</a>) and make it God's adopted children (<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Galatians#4" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (American Standard)/Galatians">Galatians 4:4–7</a>). The answer will partly depend, first, on the way one interprets other Pauline passages which do not use the title "Son of God" (<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/2_Corinthians#8" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (American Standard)/2 Corinthians">2 Corinthians 8:9</a>; <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Philippians#2" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (American Standard)/Philippians">Philippians 2:6–11</a>). These latter passages present a pre-existent Christ taking the initiative, through his "generosity" in "becoming poor" for us and "assuming the form of a slave".<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The answer will, second, depend on whether one judges <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/1_Corinthians#8" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (American Standard)/1 Corinthians">1 Corinthians 8:6</a> and <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Colossians#1" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (American Standard)/Colossians">Colossians 1:16</a> to imply that as a pre-existent being the Son was active at creation.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1 Corinthians 8:6, without explicitly naming "the Son" as such, runs: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>There is one God, the Father, from whom are all things and for whom we exist, and one Lord, Jesus Christ, through whom are all things and through whom we exist.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>1 Corinthians 8:6, New Revised Standard Version<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <p>Calling God "the Father" clearly moves one toward talk of "the Son". In the case of Colossians 1:16,<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the whole hymn (Colossians 1:15–20)<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> does not give Jesus any title. However, he has just been referred to in Colossians 1:13 as God's "beloved Son". </p><p>Third, it should be observed that the language of "sending" (or, for that matter, "coming" with its stress on personal purpose (<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Mark#10" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (American Standard)/Mark">Mark 10:45 par.</a>; <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Luke#12" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (American Standard)/Luke">Luke 12:49, 51 par.</a>) by itself does not necessarily imply pre-existence. Otherwise one would have to ascribe pre-existence to <a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist" title="John the Baptist">John the Baptist</a>, "a man sent from God", who "came to bear witness to the light" (<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/John#1" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (American Standard)/John">John 1:6–8</a>; cf. <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Matthew#11" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (American Standard)/Matthew">Matthew 11:10, 18 par.</a>). In the <a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a>, angelic and human messengers, especially <a href="/wiki/Prophet" title="Prophet">prophets</a>, were "sent" by God, but the prophets sent by God were never called God's sons. It makes a difference that in the cited Pauline passages it was God's Son who was sent. Here being "sent" by God means more than merely receiving a divine commission and includes coming from a heavenly pre-existence and enjoying a divine origin.<sup id="cite_ref-GOC_54-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GOC-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fourth, in their context, the three Son of God passages here examined (Romans 8:3, 32; Galatians 4:4) certainly do not focus on the Son's pre-existence, but on his being sent or given up to free human beings from sin and death, to make them God's adopted children, and to let them live (and pray) with the power of the indwelling Spirit. Nevertheless, the Apostle's <a href="/wiki/Soteriology" title="Soteriology">soteriology</a> presupposes here a <a href="/wiki/Christology" title="Christology">Christology</a> that includes divine pre-existence. It is precisely because Christ is the pre-existent Son who comes from the Father that he can turn human beings into God's adopted sons and daughters.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jesus'_own_assertions"><span id="Jesus.27_own_assertions"></span>Jesus' own assertions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Son_of_God_(Christianity)&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Jesus' own assertions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When in Matthew 16:15–15,<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Peter</a> states: "You are Christ, the Son of the living God", Jesus not only accepts the titles, but calls Peter "blessed" because his declaration had been revealed to him by "my Father who is in Heaven". According to John Yieh, in this account the Gospel of Matthew is unequivocally stating this as the church's view of Jesus.<sup id="cite_ref-Yueh_107-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yueh-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Sanhedrin_trial_of_Jesus" title="Sanhedrin trial of Jesus">Sanhedrin trial of Jesus</a> in Mark 14:61,<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> when the high priest asked Jesus: "Are you the Messiah, the Son of the Blessed One?" In the next verse, Jesus responded "I am". Jesus' claim here was emphatic enough to make the high priest tear his robe.<sup id="cite_ref-Rausch132_109-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rausch132-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the new Testament Jesus uses the term "my Father" as a direct and unequivocal assertion of his sonship, and a unique relationship with the Father beyond any attribution of titles by others:<sup id="cite_ref-Bromiley571_65-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bromiley571-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>In <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Matthew#11:27" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (American Standard)/Matthew">Matthew 11:27</a> Jesus claims a direct relationship to God the Father: "No one knows the Son except the Father and no one knows the Father except the Son", asserting the mutual knowledge he has with the Father.<sup id="cite_ref-Bromiley571_65-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bromiley571-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/John#5:23" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (American Standard)/John">John 5:23</a> he claims that the Son and the Father receive the same type of honor, stating: "so that all may honor the Son, just as they honor the Father".<sup id="cite_ref-Bromiley571_65-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bromiley571-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/John#5:26" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (American Standard)/John">John 5:26</a> he claims to possess life as the Father does: "Just as the Father has life in himself, so also he gave to his Son the possession of life in himself".<sup id="cite_ref-Bromiley571_65-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bromiley571-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>In a number of other episodes Jesus claims sonship by referring to the Father, e.g. in Luke 2:49<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> when he is <a href="/wiki/Finding_in_the_Temple" title="Finding in the Temple">found in the temple</a> a young Jesus calls the temple "my Father's house", just as he does later in John 2:16<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the <a href="/wiki/Cleansing_of_the_Temple" title="Cleansing of the Temple">Cleansing of the Temple</a> episode.<sup id="cite_ref-Bromiley571_65-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bromiley571-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Matthew_3:17" title="Matthew 3:17">Matthew 3:17</a> and Luke 3:22<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jesus allows himself to be called the Son of God by the voice from above, not objecting to the title.<sup id="cite_ref-Bromiley571_65-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bromiley571-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>References to "my Father" by Jesus in the New Testament are distinguished in that he never includes other individuals in them and only refers to "<em>his</em> Father", however when addressing the disciples he uses "<em>your</em> Father", excluding himself from the reference.<sup id="cite_ref-Pannenberg53_115-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pannenberg53-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="New_Testament_references">New Testament references</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Son_of_God_(Christianity)&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: New Testament references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Example_farm plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>may contain <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lists#List_size" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lists">excessive</a> or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view#Due_and_undue_weight" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">irrelevant</a> examples</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Son_of_God_(Christianity)&action=edit">improve the article</a> by adding descriptive text and removing <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Example_cruft" title="Wikipedia:Example cruft">less pertinent examples</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2023</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In numerous places in the New Testament, Jesus is called the Son of God by various parties. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Humans,_including_evangelists,_calling_Jesus_"Son_of_God""><span id="Humans.2C_including_evangelists.2C_calling_Jesus_.22Son_of_God.22"></span>Humans, including evangelists, calling Jesus "Son of God"</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Son_of_God_(Christianity)&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Humans, including evangelists, calling Jesus "Son of God""><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Matthew%2014:33&version=nrsv">Matthew 14:33</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Matthew#16:16" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Matthew">Matthew 16:16</a>, <a href="/wiki/Matthew_27:54" title="Matthew 27:54">Matthew 27:54</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mark_1:1" class="mw-redirect" title="Mark 1:1">Mark 1:1</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Mark#15:39" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Mark">Mark 15:39</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/John#1:49" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/John">John 1:49</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/John#11:27" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/John">John 11:27</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_20:31" title="John 20:31">John 20:31</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Acts#8:37" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Acts">Acts 8:37</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Acts#9:20" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Acts">Acts 9:20</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Romans#1:4" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Romans">Romans 1:4</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/2_Corinthians#1:19" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/2 Corinthians">2 Corinthians 1:19</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Galatians#2:20" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Galatians">Galatians 2:20</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Ephesians#4:13" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Ephesians">Ephesians 4:13</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Hebrews%204:14&version=nrsv">Hebrews 4:14</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Hebrews+5:8&version=easy-to-readversion">Hebrews 5:8</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Hebrews#6:6" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Hebrews">Hebrews 6:6</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Hebrews#7:3" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Hebrews">Hebrews 7:3</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Hebrews%2010:29&version=nrsv">Hebrews 10:29</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/1_John#3:8" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/1 John">1 John 3:8</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/1_John#4:15" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/1 John">1 John 4:15</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/1_John#5:1" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/1 John">1 John 5:1</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/1_John#5:5" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/1 John">1 John 5:5</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/1_John#5:10" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/1 John">1 John 5:10</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/1_John#5:12" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/1 John">1 John 5:12</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/1_John#5:13" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/1 John">1 John 5:13</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/1_John#5:20" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/1 John">1 John 5:20</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/2_John#1:3" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/2 John">2 John 1:3</a></li> <li><em>his</em> (i.e. God's) son, in various forms: <a href="/wiki/John_3:16" title="John 3:16">John 3:16</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/John#3:17" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/John">John 3:17</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Acts#3:13" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Acts">Acts 3:13</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Acts#3:26" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Acts">Acts 3:26</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Romans#1:3" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Romans">Romans 1:3</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Romans#1:9" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Romans">Romans 1:9</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Romans#5:10" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Romans">Romans 5:10</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Romans#8:3" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Romans">Romans 8:3</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Romans#8:29" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Romans">Romans 8:29</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Romans#8:32" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Romans">Romans 8:32</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/1_Corinthians#1:9" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/1 Corinthians">1 Corinthians 1:9</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Galatians#1:16" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Galatians">Galatians 1:16</a>, <a href="/wiki/Galatians_4:4" class="mw-redirect" title="Galatians 4:4">Galatians 4:4</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Galatians#4:6" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Galatians">Galatians 4:6</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Colossians#1:13" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Colossians">Colossians 1:13</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/1_Thessalonians#1:10" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/1 Thessalonians">1 Thessalonians 1:10</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Hebrews#1:2" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Hebrews">Hebrews 1:2</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/1_John#1:3" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/1 John">1 John 1:3</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/1_John#1:7" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/1 John">1 John 1:7</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/1_John#3:23" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/1 John">1 John 3:23</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/1_John#4:9" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/1 John">1 John 4:9</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/1_John#4:10" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/1 John">1 John 4:10</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/1_John#4:14" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/1 John">1 John 4:14</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/1_John#5:9" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/1 John">1 John 5:9</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/1_John#5:10" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/1 John">1 John 5:10</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/1_John#5:11" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/1 John">1 John 5:11</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jesus_calling_himself_"Son_of_God""><span id="Jesus_calling_himself_.22Son_of_God.22"></span>Jesus calling himself "Son of God"</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Son_of_God_(Christianity)&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Jesus calling himself "Son of God""><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Matthew#26:63" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Matthew">Matthew 26:63–64</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Mark#14:61" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Mark">Mark 14:61–62</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Luke#22:70" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Luke">Luke 22:70</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/John#3:18" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/John">John 3:18</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/John#5:25" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/John">John 5:25</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/John#10:36" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/John">John 10:36</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/John#11:4" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/John">John 11:4</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Revelation#2:18" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Revelation">Revelation 2:18</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jesus_calling_God_his_father">Jesus calling God his father</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Son_of_God_(Christianity)&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Jesus calling God his father"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_7:21" title="Matthew 7:21">Matthew 7:21</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Matthew#10:32" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Matthew">Matthew 10:32</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Matthew#10:33" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Matthew">Matthew 10:33</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Matthew#11:25" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Matthew">Matthew 11:25</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Matthew#11:26" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Matthew">Matthew 11:26</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Matthew#11:27" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Matthew">Matthew 11:27</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Matthew#12:50" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Matthew">Matthew 12:50</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Matthew#15:13" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Matthew">Matthew 15:13</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Matthew#16:17" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Matthew">Matthew 16:17</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Matthew#16:27" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Matthew">Matthew 16:27</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Matthew#18:10" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Matthew">Matthew 18:10</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Matthew#18:19" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Matthew">Matthew 18:19</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Matthew#18:35" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Matthew">Matthew 18:35</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Matthew#20:23" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Matthew">Matthew 20:23</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Matthew#25:34" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Matthew">Matthew 25:34</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Matthew#26:29" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Matthew">Matthew 26:29</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Matthew#26:39" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Matthew">Matthew 26:39</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Matthew#26:42" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Matthew">Matthew 26:42</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Matthew#26:53" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Matthew">Matthew 26:53</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Mark#8:38" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Mark">Mark 8:38</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Mark#14:36" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Mark">Mark 14:36</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Luke#2:49" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Luke">Luke 2:49</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Luke#10:21" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Luke">Luke 10:21</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Luke#10:22" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Luke">Luke 10:22</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Luke#22:29" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Luke">Luke 22:29</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Luke#22:42" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Luke">Luke 22:42</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Luke#23:34" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Luke">Luke 23:34</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Luke#23:46" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Luke">Luke 23:46</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Luke#24:49" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Luke">Luke 24:49</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/John#2:16" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/John">John 2:16</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=John%205:17&version=nrsv">John 5:17</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=John%205:19&version=nrsv">John 5:19</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/John#5:43" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/John">John 5:43</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/John#6:32" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/John">John 6:32</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/John#6:40" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/John">John 6:40</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/John#8:19" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/John">John 8:19</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/John#8:38" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/John">John 8:38</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/John#8:49" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/John">John 8:49</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/John#8:54" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/John">John 8:54</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/John#10:17" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/John">John 10:17</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/John#10:18" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/John">John 10:18</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/John#10:25" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/John">John 10:25</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/John#10:29" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/John">John 10:29</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/John#10:37" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/John">John 10:37</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/John#12:26" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/John">John 12:26</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/John#12:27" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/John">John 12:27</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/John#14:2" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/John">John 14:2</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/John#14:7" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/John">John 14:7</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/John#14:20" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/John">John 14:20</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/John#14:21" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/John">John 14:21</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/John#14:23" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/John">John 14:23</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/John#14:31" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/John">John 14:31</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/John#15:1" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/John">John 15:1</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/John#15:8" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/John">John 15:8</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/John#15:10" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/John">John 15:10</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/John#15:15" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/John">John 15:15</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/John#15:23" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/John">John 15:23</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/John#15:24" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/John">John 15:24</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/John#16:10" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/John">John 16:10</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/John#16:23" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/John">John 16:23</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/John#16:25" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/John">John 16:25</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/John#16:32" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/John">John 16:32</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/John#17:1" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/John">John 17:1</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/John#17:5" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/John">John 17:5</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/John#17:11" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/John">John 17:11</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/John#17:21" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/John">John 17:21</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/John#17:24" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/John">John 17:24</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/John#17:25" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/John">John 17:25</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/John#18:11" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/John">John 18:11</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_20:17" title="John 20:17">John 20:17</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/John#20:21" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/John">John 20:21</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Acts#1:4" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Acts">Acts 1:4</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Revelation#2:27" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Revelation">Revelation 2:27</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Revelation#3:5" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Revelation">Revelation 3:5</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Revelation#3:21" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Revelation">Revelation 3:21</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="God_the_Father_calling_Jesus_his_Son">God the Father calling Jesus his Son</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Son_of_God_(Christianity)&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: God the Father calling Jesus his Son"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_2:15" title="Matthew 2:15">Matthew 2:15</a>, <a href="/wiki/Matthew_3:17" title="Matthew 3:17">Matthew 3:17</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Matthew#17:5" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Matthew">Matthew 17:5</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Mark#1:11" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Mark">Mark 1:11</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Mark#9:7" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Mark">Mark 9:7</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Luke#3:22" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Luke">Luke 3:22</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Luke#9:35" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Luke">Luke 9:35</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hebrews_1:5" class="mw-redirect" title="Hebrews 1:5">Hebrews 1:5</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hebrews_5:5" class="mw-redirect" title="Hebrews 5:5">Hebrews 5:5</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/2_Peter#1:17" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/2 Peter">2 Peter 1:17</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Angels_calling_Jesus_"Son_of_God""><span id="Angels_calling_Jesus_.22Son_of_God.22"></span>Angels calling Jesus "Son of God"</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Son_of_God_(Christianity)&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Angels calling Jesus "Son of God""><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Luke#1:32" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Luke">Luke 1:32</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Luke#1:35" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Luke">Luke 1:35</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Satan_or_demons_calling_Jesus_"Son_of_God""><span id="Satan_or_demons_calling_Jesus_.22Son_of_God.22"></span>Satan or demons calling Jesus "Son of God"</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Son_of_God_(Christianity)&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Satan or demons calling Jesus "Son of God""><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_4:3" title="Matthew 4:3">Matthew 4:3</a>, <a href="/wiki/Matthew_4:6" title="Matthew 4:6">Matthew 4:6</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Matthew#8:29" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Matthew">Matthew 8:29</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Mark#3:11" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Mark">Mark 3:11</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Mark#5:7" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Mark">Mark 5:7</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Luke#4:3" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Luke">Luke 4:3</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Luke#4:9" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Luke">Luke 4:9</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Luke#4:41" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Luke">Luke 4:41</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Luke#8:28" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Luke">Luke 8:28</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jesus_called_"the_Son""><span id="Jesus_called_.22the_Son.22"></span>Jesus called "the Son"</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Son_of_God_(Christianity)&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Jesus called "the Son""><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Matthew#11:27" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Matthew">Matthew 11:27</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Matthew#24:36" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Matthew">Matthew 24:36</a>, <a href="/wiki/Matthew_28:19" title="Matthew 28:19">Matthew 28:19</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Mark#13:32" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Mark">Mark 13:32</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Luke#10:22" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Luke">Luke 10:22</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/John#1:14" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/John">John 1:14</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/John#1:18" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/John">John 1:18</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/John#3:35" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/John">John 3:35</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/John#3:36" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/John">John 3:36</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/John#5:19" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/John">John 5:19–26</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/John#6:40" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/John">John 6:40</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/John#14:13" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/John">John 14:13</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/John#17:1" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/John">John 17:1</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/1_Corinthians#15:28" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/1 Corinthians">1 Corinthians 15:28</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Colossians#1:15" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Colossians">Colossians 1:15</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Hebrews#1:3" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Hebrews">Hebrews 1:3</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Hebrews#1:8" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Hebrews">Hebrews 1:8</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Hebrews#3:6" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Hebrews">Hebrews 3:6</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Hebrews#7:28" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Hebrews">Hebrews 7:28</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/1_John#2:22" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/1 John">1 John 2:22–24</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/1_John#4:14" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/1 John">1 John 4:14</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/1_John#5:12" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/1 John">1 John 5:12</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/2_John#1:9" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/2 John">2 John 1:9</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="God_called_"the_God_and_Father_of_Jesus""><span id="God_called_.22the_God_and_Father_of_Jesus.22"></span>God called "the God and Father of Jesus"</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Son_of_God_(Christianity)&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: God called "the God and Father of Jesus""><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The New Testament also contains six<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> references to God as "the God and Father" of Jesus.<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Romans#15:6" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Romans">Romans 15:6</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/2_Corinthians#1:3" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/2 Corinthians">2 Corinthians 1:3</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/2_Corinthians#11:31" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/2 Corinthians">2 Corinthians 11:31</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Ephesians#1:3" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Ephesians">Ephesians 1:3</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/1_Peter#1:3" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/1 Peter">1 Peter 1:3</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Revelation#1:6" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Revelation">Revelation 1:6</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Son_of_God_(Christianity)&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_christianity.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/31px-P_christianity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/47px-P_christianity.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/62px-P_christianity.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Christianity" title="Portal:Christianity">Christianity portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Names_and_titles_of_Jesus_in_the_New_Testament" title="Names and titles of Jesus in the New Testament">Names and titles of Jesus in the New Testament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divine_filiation" title="Divine filiation">Divine filiation</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Son_of_God_(Christianity)&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-OxJewish-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-OxJewish_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Oxford Dictionary of the Jewish Religion</i> by Maxine Grossman and Adele Berlin (Mar 14, 2011) <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0199730040" title="Special:BookSources/0199730040">0199730040</a> page 698</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel</i> Volume III by W. D. Davies and Dale C. Allison Jr. (Nov 10, 2000) ISBN page 229</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Exodus%204:22&version=nrsv">Exodus 4:22</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Riemer-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Riemer_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Riemer_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Riemer_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Riemer_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Riemer_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Riemer_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Riemer_4-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRiemer_Roukema2010" class="citation book cs1">Riemer Roukema (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7b_gdO7H28AC&pg=PA158"><i>Jesus, Gnosis and Dogma</i></a>. T&T Clark International. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-567-46642-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-567-46642-6"><bdi>978-0-567-46642-6</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 January</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jesus%2C+Gnosis+and+Dogma&rft.pub=T%26T+Clark+International&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-567-46642-6&rft.au=Riemer+Roukema&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7b_gdO7H28AC%26pg%3DPA158&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASon+of+God+%28Christianity%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichael_S._Heiser2001" class="citation web cs1">Michael S. Heiser (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://faculty.gordon.edu/hu/bi/ted_hildebrandt/otesources/05-deuteronomy/text/articles/heiser-deut32-bs.htm">"DEUTERONOMY 32:8 AND THE SONS OF GOD"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 January</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=DEUTERONOMY+32%3A8+AND+THE+SONS+OF+GOD&rft.date=2001&rft.au=Michael+S.+Heiser&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffaculty.gordon.edu%2Fhu%2Fbi%2Fted_hildebrandt%2Fotesources%2F05-deuteronomy%2Ftext%2Farticles%2Fheiser-deut32-bs.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASon+of+God+%28Christianity%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Psalms%2089:26–28&version=nrsv">Psalms 89:26–28</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MessianicFigures-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MessianicFigures_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MessianicFigures_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MessianicFigures_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MessianicFigures_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MessianicFigures_7-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MessianicFigures_7-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MessianicFigures_7-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdela_Yarbro_CollinsJohn_Joseph_Collins2008" class="citation book cs1">Adela Yarbro Collins; John Joseph Collins (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3hRQFzbHroMC"><i>King and Messiah as Son of God: Divine, Human, and Angelic Messianic Figures in Biblical and Related Literature</i></a>. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-0772-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-0772-4"><bdi>978-0-8028-0772-4</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 February</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=King+and+Messiah+as+Son+of+God%3A+Divine%2C+Human%2C+and+Angelic+Messianic+Figures+in+Biblical+and+Related+Literature&rft.pub=Wm.+B.+Eerdmans+Publishing&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-8028-0772-4&rft.au=Adela+Yarbro+Collins&rft.au=John+Joseph+Collins&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3hRQFzbHroMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASon+of+God+%28Christianity%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Psalms%2082:1–8&version=nrsv">Psalms 82:1–8</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rhetoricalPerspective-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rhetoricalPerspective_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJerome_H._Neyrey2009" class="citation book cs1">Jerome H. Neyrey (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=X0JZ9uSc8SoC&pg=PA314"><i>The Gospel of John in Cultural and Rhetorical Perspective</i></a>. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. pp. 313–316. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-4866-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-4866-6"><bdi>978-0-8028-4866-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Gospel+of+John+in+Cultural+and+Rhetorical+Perspective&rft.pages=313-316&rft.pub=Wm.+B.+Eerdmans+Publishing&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-8028-4866-6&rft.au=Jerome+H.+Neyrey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DX0JZ9uSc8SoC%26pg%3DPA314&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASon+of+God+%28Christianity%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Eerdmans commentary on the Bible</i> James D. G. Dunn, John William Rogerson 2003 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8028-3711-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-8028-3711-5">0-8028-3711-5</a> page 365</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJames_Limburg2000" class="citation book cs1">James Limburg (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8aeXR2N0hKwC"><i>Psalms: Westminster Bible companion</i></a>. Westminster John Knox Press. p. 380. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-664-25557-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-664-25557-2"><bdi>978-0-664-25557-2</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Psalms%3A+Westminster+Bible+companion&rft.pages=380&rft.pub=Westminster+John+Knox+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-664-25557-2&rft.au=James+Limburg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8aeXR2N0hKwC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASon+of+God+%28Christianity%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSusan_Gillingham2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Susan_Gillingham" title="Susan Gillingham">Susan Gillingham</a> (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=N6o6eQXe5q8C&pg=PA86"><i>Psalms Through the Centuries</i></a>. John Wiley & Sons. p. 86. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-470-69108-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-470-69108-3"><bdi>978-0-470-69108-3</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Psalms+Through+the+Centuries&rft.pages=86&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-470-69108-3&rft.au=Susan+Gillingham&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DN6o6eQXe5q8C%26pg%3DPA86&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASon+of+God+%28Christianity%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalter_de_Gruyter2010" class="citation book cs1">Walter de Gruyter (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kBBrXzw3m2cC&pg=PA218"><i>Abraham and Melchizedek: Scribal Activity of Second Temple Times in Genesis 14 and Psalm 110, Volume 23</i></a>. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. pp. 196–198. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-11-022345-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-11-022345-3"><bdi>978-3-11-022345-3</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 February</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Abraham+and+Melchizedek%3A+Scribal+Activity+of+Second+Temple+Times+in+Genesis+14+and+Psalm+110%2C+Volume+23&rft.pages=196-198&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter+GmbH+%26+Co.&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-3-11-022345-3&rft.au=Walter+de+Gruyter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkBBrXzw3m2cC%26pg%3DPA218&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASon+of+God+%28Christianity%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDoron_Mendels1997" class="citation book cs1">Doron Mendels (1997). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/risefallofjewish0000mend"><i>The Rise and Fall of Jewish Nationalism</i></a></span>. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/risefallofjewish0000mend/page/76">76</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-4329-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-4329-6"><bdi>978-0-8028-4329-6</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 February</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rise+and+Fall+of+Jewish+Nationalism&rft.pages=76&rft.pub=Wm.+B.+Eerdmans+Publishing&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-8028-4329-6&rft.au=Doron+Mendels&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Frisefallofjewish0000mend&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASon+of+God+%28Christianity%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScott_Hahn2009" class="citation book cs1">Scott Hahn (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YNU3CYIiEjUC&pg=PA193"><i>Kinship by Covenant: A Canonical Approach to the Fulfillment of God's Saving Promises</i></a>. Yale University Press. p. 193. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-14097-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-14097-2"><bdi>978-0-300-14097-2</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 February</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kinship+by+Covenant%3A+A+Canonical+Approach+to+the+Fulfillment+of+God%27s+Saving+Promises&rft.pages=193&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-300-14097-2&rft.au=Scott+Hahn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYNU3CYIiEjUC%26pg%3DPA193&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASon+of+God+%28Christianity%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAllan_Russell_Juriansz2013" class="citation book cs1">Allan Russell Juriansz (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RzkZQAwKIaMC&pg=PA74"><i>King David's Naked Dance: The Dreams, Doctrines, and Dilemmas of the Hebrews</i></a>. iUniverse. pp. 4–6. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4759-9568-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4759-9568-8"><bdi>978-1-4759-9568-8</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 February</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=King+David%27s+Naked+Dance%3A+The+Dreams%2C+Doctrines%2C+and+Dilemmas+of+the+Hebrews&rft.pages=4-6&rft.pub=iUniverse&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-4759-9568-8&rft.au=Allan+Russell+Juriansz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRzkZQAwKIaMC%26pg%3DPA74&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASon+of+God+%28Christianity%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=2%20Samuel%207:13–16&version=nrsv">2 Samuel 7:13–16</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Divine_Emperor-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Divine_Emperor_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJonathan_Bardill2011" class="citation book cs1">Jonathan Bardill (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AUK5cQW2EUwC&pg=PA342"><i>Constantine, Divine Emperor of the Christian Golden Age</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 342. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-76423-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-76423-0"><bdi>978-0-521-76423-0</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 February</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Constantine%2C+Divine+Emperor+of+the+Christian+Golden+Age&rft.pages=342&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-521-76423-0&rft.au=Jonathan+Bardill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAUK5cQW2EUwC%26pg%3DPA342&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASon+of+God+%28Christianity%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliam_J._Dumbrell2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/William_J._Dumbrell" class="mw-redirect" title="William J. Dumbrell">William J. Dumbrell</a> (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NWV0d51HrPoC&pg=PT91"><i>The Faith of Israel: A Theological Survey of the Old Testament</i></a>. Baker Academic. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58558-496-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58558-496-3"><bdi>978-1-58558-496-3</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 February</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Faith+of+Israel%3A+A+Theological+Survey+of+the+Old+Testament&rft.pub=Baker+Academic&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-1-58558-496-3&rft.au=William+J.+Dumbrell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNWV0d51HrPoC%26pg%3DPT91&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASon+of+God+%28Christianity%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gabriel-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gabriel_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMatthias_Henze2011" class="citation book cs1">Matthias Henze (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GWgc2zexTIIC&pg=PA39"><i>Hazon Gabriel</i></a>. Society of Biblical Lit<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hazon+Gabriel&rft.pub=Society+of+Biblical+Lit&rft.date=2011&rft.au=Matthias+Henze&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGWgc2zexTIIC%26pg%3DPA39&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASon+of+God+%28Christianity%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Who do you say that I am?: essays on Christology</i> by Jack Dean Dean Kingsbury, Mark Allan Powell, David R. Bauer 1999 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-664-25752-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-664-25752-6">0-664-25752-6</a> pages 73–75</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sanders, E. P. The historical figure of Jesus. Penguin, 1993. p. 11–14</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Irenaeus-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Irenaeus_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Irenaeus_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Irenaeus of Lyons</i> by Eric Francis Osborn 2001 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-80006-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-80006-8">978-0-521-80006-8</a> pages 11–114</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Creed-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Creed_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPlacher1988" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"><a href="/wiki/William_Placher" title="William Placher">Placher, William Carl</a> (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rya0v9bgwT8C&pg=PA48">"The Trinitarian and Christological Controversies"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rya0v9bgwT8C"><i>Readings in the History of Christian Theology</i></a>. Vol. 1: From Its Beginnings to the Eve of the Reformation. <a href="/wiki/Louisville,_Kentucky" title="Louisville, Kentucky">Louisville, Kentucky</a>: Westminster John Knox Press. pp. 52–53. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-664-24057-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-664-24057-8"><bdi>978-0-664-24057-8</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 June</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Trinitarian+and+Christological+Controversies&rft.btitle=Readings+in+the+History+of+Christian+Theology&rft.place=Louisville%2C+Kentucky&rft.pages=52-53&rft.pub=Westminster+John+Knox+Press&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0-664-24057-8&rft.aulast=Placher&rft.aufirst=William+Carl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Drya0v9bgwT8C%26pg%3DPA48&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASon+of+God+%28Christianity%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Augustine-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Augustine_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Augustine_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Augustine Catechism</i> by Saint Augustine of Hippo 2008 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-56548-298-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-56548-298-0">1-56548-298-0</a> page 68</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Higgins13-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Higgins13_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Jesus and the Son of Man</i> by A J B Higgins 2002 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-227-17221-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-227-17221-3">0-227-17221-3</a> pages 13–15</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dunn724-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dunn724_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Jesus Remembered: Christianity in the Making</i> by James D. G. Dunn (Jul 29, 2003) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0802839312" title="Special:BookSources/0802839312">0802839312</a> pages 724–725</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Delbert3-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Delbert3_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Son of Man Debate: A History and Evaluation</i> by Delbert Royce Burkett (Jan 28, 2000) Cambridge Univ Press <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0521663067" title="Special:BookSources/0521663067">0521663067</a> pages 3–5</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Augustine: Later Works</i> by John Burnaby 1980 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-664-24165-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-664-24165-4">0-664-24165-4</a> page 326</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Lord Jesus Christ</i> by Larry W. Hurtado 2005 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8028-3167-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-8028-3167-2">0-8028-3167-2</a> page 142</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-acquinas-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-acquinas_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-acquinas_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The thought of Thomas Aquinas</i> by Brian Davies 1993 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-826753-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-826753-3">0-19-826753-3</a> page 204</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tuckett-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Tuckett_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Christology and the New Testament</i> Christopher Mark Tuckett 2001 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-664-22431-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-664-22431-8">0-664-22431-8</a> page</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFS_Edward_TeshWalter_Zorn2004" class="citation book cs1">S Edward Tesh; Walter Zorn (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ShZFPAVievMC&pg=PA326"><i>Psalms Volume 2 of College Press NIV Commentary</i></a>. College Press. pp. 326–327. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89900-888-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89900-888-2"><bdi>978-0-89900-888-2</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Psalms+Volume+2+of+College+Press+NIV+Commentary&rft.pages=326-327&rft.pub=College+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-89900-888-2&rft.au=S+Edward+Tesh&rft.au=Walter+Zorn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DShZFPAVievMC%26pg%3DPA326&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASon+of+God+%28Christianity%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Luke%2020:41–44&version=nrsv">Luke 20:41–44</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Matthew%2022:41–45&version=nrsv">Matthew 22:41–45</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Mark%2012:35–37&version=nrsv">Mark 12:35–37</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Aquila-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Aquila_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aquila_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aquila_37-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aquila_37-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aquila_37-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aquila_37-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAquila_H._I._Lee2009" class="citation book cs1">Aquila H. I. Lee (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3hxMAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA203"><i>From Messiah to Preexistent Son</i></a>. Wipf and Stock Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-60608-630-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-60608-630-8"><bdi>978-1-60608-630-8</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Messiah+to+Preexistent+Son&rft.pub=Wipf+and+Stock+Publishers&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-60608-630-8&rft.au=Aquila+H.+I.+Lee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3hxMAwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA203&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASon+of+God+%28Christianity%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Aaron-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Aaron_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aaron_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFlintJr_MillerBrunellRoberts2005" class="citation book cs1">Flint, Peter W; Jr Miller, Patrick D; Brunell, Aaron; Roberts, Ryan (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=00ECWP4NZYYC&pg=PA53"><i>Peter W. Flint, Patrick D. jr Miller, Aaron Brunell, Ryan Roberts (editors), </i>The Book of Psalms: Composition and Reception, Volume 99<i> (Brill 2005 ISBN 978-90-0413642-7), p. 53</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-04-13642-8" title="Special:BookSources/90-04-13642-8"><bdi>90-04-13642-8</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 October</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Peter+W.+Flint%2C+Patrick+D.+jr+Miller%2C+Aaron+Brunell%2C+Ryan+Roberts+%28editors%29%2C+The+Book+of+Psalms%3A+Composition+and+Reception%2C+Volume+99+%28Brill+2005+ISBN+978-90-0413642-7%29%2C+p.+53&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=90-04-13642-8&rft.aulast=Flint&rft.aufirst=Peter+W&rft.au=Jr+Miller%2C+Patrick+D&rft.au=Brunell%2C+Aaron&rft.au=Roberts%2C+Ryan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D00ECWP4NZYYC%26pg%3DPA53&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASon+of+God+%28Christianity%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Walter-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Walter_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Walter_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Walter_39-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFS_Edward_TeshWalter_Zorn2004" class="citation book cs1">S Edward Tesh; Walter Zorn (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ShZFPAVievMC&pg=PA319"><i>Psalms Volume 2 of College Press NIV Commentary</i></a>. College Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89900-888-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89900-888-2"><bdi>978-0-89900-888-2</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 May</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Psalms+Volume+2+of+College+Press+NIV+Commentary&rft.pub=College+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-89900-888-2&rft.au=S+Edward+Tesh&rft.au=Walter+Zorn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DShZFPAVievMC%26pg%3DPA319&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASon+of+God+%28Christianity%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Acts%202:29–30&version=nrsv">Acts 2:29–30</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJames_L._Kugel1990" class="citation book cs1">James L. Kugel, ed. (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jkiXKniWwjoC&pg=PA45"><i>Poetry and Prophecy: The Beginnings of a Literary Tradition</i></a>. Cornell University Press. p. 45. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8014-9568-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-8014-9568-7"><bdi>0-8014-9568-7</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 May</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Poetry+and+Prophecy%3A+The+Beginnings+of+a+Literary+Tradition&rft.pages=45&rft.pub=Cornell+University+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=0-8014-9568-7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjkiXKniWwjoC%26pg%3DPA45&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASon+of+God+%28Christianity%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Beale-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Beale_42-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Beale_42-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFG._K._BealeD._A._Carson2007" class="citation book cs1">G. K. Beale; D. A. Carson, eds. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=e69R5GYemBgC&pg=PA372"><i>Commentary on the New Testament Use of the Old Testament</i></a>. Baker Academic. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8010-2693-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8010-2693-5"><bdi>978-0-8010-2693-5</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Commentary+on+the+New+Testament+Use+of+the+Old+Testament&rft.pub=Baker+Academic&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-8010-2693-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3De69R5GYemBgC%26pg%3DPA372&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASon+of+God+%28Christianity%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Judges%206:13&version=nrsv">Judges 6:13</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://biblehub.com/hebrew/113.htm">"Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 October</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Brown-Driver-Briggs+Hebrew+and+English+Lexicon+of+the+Old+Testament&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbiblehub.com%2Fhebrew%2F113.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASon+of+God+%28Christianity%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Copleston" title="Frederick Copleston">Frederick Copleston</a>, <i>A History of Philosophy</i>, Volume 1, Continuum, 2003, p. 460.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">J.N.D. Kelly, <i>Early Christian Doctrines</i>, 5th ed., HarperOne, 1978, p. 11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMatthew_V._Novenson2012" class="citation book cs1">Matthew V. Novenson (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=naOG_qkeZBsC"><i>Christ Among the Messiahs: Christ Language in Paul and Messiah Language in Ancient Judaism</i></a>. Oxford University Press. pp. 145–146. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-984457-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-984457-9"><bdi>978-0-19-984457-9</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Christ+Among+the+Messiahs%3A+Christ+Language+in+Paul+and+Messiah+Language+in+Ancient+Judaism&rft.pages=145-146&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-19-984457-9&rft.au=Matthew+V.+Novenson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnaOG_qkeZBsC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASon+of+God+%28Christianity%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRonald_E._Heine2007" class="citation book cs1">Ronald E. Heine (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7cSua5-tLIgC&pg=PA132"><i>Reading the Old Testament with the Ancient Church (Evangelical Ressourcement): Exploring the Formation of Early Christian Thought</i></a>. Baker Academic. pp. 132–133. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4412-0153-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4412-0153-9"><bdi>978-1-4412-0153-9</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 May</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reading+the+Old+Testament+with+the+Ancient+Church+%28Evangelical+Ressourcement%29%3A+Exploring+the+Formation+of+Early+Christian+Thought&rft.pages=132-133&rft.pub=Baker+Academic&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-4412-0153-9&rft.au=Ronald+E.+Heine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7cSua5-tLIgC%26pg%3DPA132&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASon+of+God+%28Christianity%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Psalms%202:7&version=nrsv">Psalm 2:7</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cathenc-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cathenc_50-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cathenc_50-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cathenc_50-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cathenc_50-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cathenc_50-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cathenc_50-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14142b.htm">"Catholic Encyclopedia: Son of God"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 October</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia%3A+Son+of+God&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newadvent.org%2Fcathen%2F14142b.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASon+of+God+%28Christianity%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Luke%203:38&version=nrsv">Luke 3:38</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Matthew%2010:34&version=nrsv">Matthew 10:34</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Luke%2012:51&version=nrsv">Luke 12:51</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GOC-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GOC_54-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GOC_54-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GOC_54-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GOC_54-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GOC_54-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GOC_54-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GOC_54-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">For this subsection and the themes treated hereinafter, compare <a href="/wiki/Gerald_O%27Collins" title="Gerald O'Collins">Gerald O'Collins</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Christology:_A_Biblical,_Historical,_and_Systematic_Study_of_Jesus" title="Christology: A Biblical, Historical, and Systematic Study of Jesus">Christology: A Biblical, Historical, and Systematic Study of Jesus</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford" title="Oxford">Oxford</a>:<a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a> (2009), pp. 130–140; cf. also <a href="/wiki/James_Dunn_(theologian)" title="James Dunn (theologian)">J. D. G. Dunn</a>, <i>The Theology of Paul the Apostle</i>, <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a>: T&T Clark (1998), pp. 224ff.; <i>id.</i>, <i>Christology in the Making</i>, London: SCM Press (1989), <i>passim</i>; G.D. Fee, <i>Pauline Christology: An Exegetical-Theological Study</i>, Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson (2007), pp. 508–557; A.C. Thiselton, <i>The First Epistle to the Corinthians</i>, Grand Rapids, Mich.: Eedermans (2000), pp. 631–638.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Luke%201:32–35&version=nrsv">Luke 1:32–35</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"'But who do you say that I am?' Peter answered him, 'You are Christ, the Son of the living God'. Jesus replied: 'Blessed are you, Simon son of Jonah'". (<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Matthew#16:15" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (American Standard)/Matthew">Matthew 16:15–17</a>) in: <i>Who do you say that I am? Essays on Christology</i> by <a href="/wiki/Jack_Dean_Kingsbury" title="Jack Dean Kingsbury">Jack Dean Kingsbury</a>, Mark Allan Powell, David R. Bauer 1999 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-664-25752-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-664-25752-6">0-664-25752-6</a> page xvi</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Neville-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Neville_57-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Neville_57-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Symbols of Jesus: a Christology of symbolic engagement</i> by Robert C. Neville 2002 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-00353-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-00353-9">0-521-00353-9</a> page 26</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Mark%201:11&version=nrsv">Mark 1:11</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Mark%209:7&version=nrsv">Mark 9:7</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kingsbury246-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kingsbury246_60-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kingsbury246_60-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kingsbury246_60-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Who do you say that I am?: essays on Christology</i> by <a href="/wiki/Jack_Dean_Kingsbury" title="Jack Dean Kingsbury">Jack Dean Kingsbury</a>, Mark Allan Powell, David R. Bauer 1999 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-664-25752-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-664-25752-6">0-664-25752-6</a> pages 246–251</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Matthew%2014:33&version=nrsv">Matthew 14:33</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pentecost-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Pentecost_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dwight Pentecost <i>The words and works of Jesus Christ</i> 2000 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-310-30940-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-310-30940-9">0-310-30940-9</a> page 234</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Matthew%2016:15–17&version=nrsv">Matthew 16:15–17</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Who do you say that I am? Essays on Christology</i> by <a href="/wiki/Jack_Dean_Kingsbury" title="Jack Dean Kingsbury">Jack Dean Kingsbury</a>, Mark Allan Powell, David R. Bauer 1999 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-664-25752-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-664-25752-6">0-664-25752-6</a> page xvi</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bromiley571-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bromiley571_65-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bromiley571_65-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bromiley571_65-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bromiley571_65-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bromiley571_65-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bromiley571_65-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bromiley571_65-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia</i> by Geoffrey W. Bromiley 1988 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8028-3785-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-8028-3785-9">0-8028-3785-9</a> pages 571–572</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Mark%2015:39&version=nrsv">Mark 15:39</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Mark%203:11&version=nrsv">Mark 3:11</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=John%201:34&version=nrsv">John 1:34</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=John%2011:27&version=nrsv">John 11:27</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=John%2014:7–9&version=nrsv">John 14:7–9</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Studies in Early Christology</i> by Martin Hengel 2004 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-567-04280-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-567-04280-4">0-567-04280-4</a> page 46</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jesus' (human) consciousness of such divine sonship is one thing, whereas such (human) consciousness of divine pre-existence would be quite another thing. Cf. Byrne, <i>loc. cit.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=John%203:17&version=nrsv">John 3:17</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=John%204:34&version=nrsv">John 4:34</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=John%205:24–37&version=nrsv">John 5:24–37</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=John%208:23&version=nrsv">John 8:23</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=John%208:38–42&version=nrsv">John 8:38–42</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=John%2010:30&version=nrsv">John 10:30</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=John%2014:7&version=nrsv">John 14:7</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=John%203:35&version=nrsv">John 3:35</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=John%205:20&version=nrsv">John 5:20</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=John%2010:17&version=nrsv">John 10:17</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=John%2017:23–26&version=nrsv">John 17:23–26</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=John%205:21–26&version=nrsv">John 5:21–26</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=John%206:40&version=nrsv">John 6:40</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=John%208:16&version=nrsv">John 8:16</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=John%2017:2&version=nrsv">John 17:2</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=John%201:14&version=nrsv">John 1:14</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=John%2017:5–24&version=nrsv">John 17:5–24</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Romans%208:14–29&version=nrsv">Romans 8:14–29</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Hebrews%202:10–12&version=nrsv">Hebrews 2:10–12</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Mark%209:37&version=nrsv">Mark 9:37</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Matthew%2015:24&version=nrsv">Matthew 15:24</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Luke%2010:16&version=nrsv">Luke 10:16</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Luke%2022:29–30&version=nrsv">Luke 22:29–30</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Luke%2012:8–9&version=nrsv">Luke 12:8–9</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=1%20John%203:1–2:10&version=nrsv">1 John 3:1–2,10</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=1%20John%205:2&version=nrsv">1 John 5:2</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Romans+1:7&version=nsrv">Romans 1:7</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Corinthians+1:3&version=nsrv">1 Corinthians 1:3</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Corinthians+1:2&version=nsrv">2 Corinthians 1:2</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Galatians+1:3&version=nsrv">Galatians 1:3</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Philippians+1:2&version=nsrv">Philippians 1:2</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Thessalonians+1:2&version=nsrv">2 Thessalonians 1:2</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Philemon+1:3&version=nsrv">Philemon 3</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cf. J.D.G. Dunn, <i>The Theology of Paul the Apostle, cit.</i>, pp. 224–225, 242–244, 277–278; Fee, <i>Pauline Christology, cit.</i>, pp. 508–512, 530–557.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For the implications of <a href="/wiki/Corinthians" class="mw-redirect" title="Corinthians">Corinthians</a>, cf. A. C. Thiselton, <i>The First Epistle to the Corinthians, cit.</i>, pp. 631–638.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=1%20Corinthians%208:6&version=nrsv">1 Corinthians 8:6</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Colossians%201:16&version=nrsv">Colossians 1:16</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Colossians%201:15–20&version=nrsv">Colossians 1:15–20</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Other Son of God passages in Paul centre on the crucifixion and resurrection of Jesus and their (immediate and final) salvific consequences. Cf. <i>int. al.</i>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Romans#5:10" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (American Standard)/Romans">Romans 5:10</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/1_Corinthians#1:9" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (American Standard)/1 Corinthians">1 Corinthians 1:9</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Romans#8:14-17" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (American Standard)/Romans">Romans 8:14–17</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/Galatians#4:6-7" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (American Standard)/Galatians">Galatians 4:6–7</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Matthew#16:15" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Matthew">Matthew 16:15–16</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Yueh-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Yueh_107-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>One teacher: Jesus' teaching role in Matthew's gospel</i> by John Yueh-Han Yieh 2004 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-11-018151-7" title="Special:BookSources/3-11-018151-7">3-11-018151-7</a> pages 240–241</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Mark#14:61" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Mark">Mark 14:61</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rausch132-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Rausch132_109-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Who is Jesus?: an introduction to Christology</i> by Thomas P. Rausch 2003 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8146-5078-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8146-5078-3">978-0-8146-5078-3</a> pages 132–133</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Wiersbe Bible Commentary</i> by Warren W. Wiersbe 2007 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7814-4539-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7814-4539-9">978-0-7814-4539-9</a> page 245</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The person of Christ</i> by Gerrit Cornelis Berkouwer 1954 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8028-4816-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-8028-4816-8">0-8028-4816-8</a> page 163</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Luke#2:49" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Luke">Luke 2:49</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/John#2:16" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/John">John 2:16</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Luke%203:22&version=nrsv">Luke 3:22</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pannenberg53-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Pannenberg53_115-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Jesus God and Man</i> by Wolfhart Pannenberg 1968 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-664-24468-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-664-24468-8">0-664-24468-8</a> pages 53–54</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Romans 15:6, 2 Corinthians 1:3, 2 Corinthians 11:31, Ephesians 1:3, 1 Peter 1:3, Revelation 1:6</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Charles H. H. Scobie <i>The ways of our God: an approach to biblical theology</i> 2003 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8028-4950-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-8028-4950-4">0-8028-4950-4</a> p. 136 "God is "the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ" (Rom 15:6; Eph 1:3), but also the Father of all believers (cf. Bassler 1992: 1054–55). Clearly this derives from the usage and teaching of Jesus himself."</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Christ_(title)" title="Christ (title)">Christ (Messiah)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus,_King_of_the_Jews" title="Jesus, King of the Jews">King of the Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamb_of_God" title="Lamb of God">Lamb of God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Last_Adam" title="Last Adam">Last/Second Adam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Light_of_the_World" title="Light of the World">Light of the World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logos_(Christianity)" title="Logos (Christianity)">Logos (The Word)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrios" title="Kyrios">Lord (Kyrios)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christ_Pantocrator" title="Christ Pantocrator">Almighty</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Son of God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_of_man_(Christianity)" title="Son of man (Christianity)">Son of man</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Jesus" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Jesus_footer" title="Template:Jesus footer"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Jesus_footer" title="Template talk:Jesus footer"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Jesus_footer" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Jesus footer"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Jesus" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Jesus" title="Outline of Jesus">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Jesus-related_topics" title="List of Jesus-related topics">List of topics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chronology_of_Jesus" title="Chronology of Jesus">Chronology</a><br />of <a href="/wiki/Life_of_Jesus" title="Life of Jesus">Jesus's life</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Annunciation" title="Annunciation">Annunciation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_Jesus" title="Nativity of Jesus">Nativity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_birth_of_Jesus" title="Virgin birth of Jesus">Virgin birth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Date_of_the_birth_of_Jesus" title="Date of the birth of Jesus">Date of birth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flight_into_Egypt" title="Flight into Egypt">Flight into Egypt</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infancy_gospels" title="Infancy gospels">Infancy</a> (apocryphal)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unknown_years_of_Jesus" title="Unknown years of Jesus">Unknown years</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptism_of_Jesus" title="Baptism of Jesus">Baptism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temptation_of_Christ" title="Temptation of Christ">Temptation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostles_in_the_New_Testament" title="Apostles in the New Testament">Apostles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commissioning_of_the_Twelve_Apostles" title="Commissioning of the Twelve Apostles">Selecting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Commission" title="Great Commission">Great Commission</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Jesus" title="Ministry of Jesus">Ministry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disciple_(Christianity)" title="Disciple (Christianity)">Disciples</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sermon_on_the_Mount" title="Sermon on the Mount">Sermon on the Mount</a>/<a href="/wiki/Sermon_on_the_Plain" title="Sermon on the Plain">Plain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beatitudes" title="Beatitudes">Beatitudes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayers_of_Jesus" title="Prayers of Jesus">Prayers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lord%27s_Prayer" title="Lord's Prayer">Lord's Prayer</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parables_of_Jesus" title="Parables of Jesus">Parables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miracles_of_Jesus" title="Miracles of Jesus">Miracles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transfiguration_of_Jesus" title="Transfiguration of Jesus">Transfiguration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_of_Jesus" title="Homelessness of Jesus">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Commandment" title="Great Commandment">Great Commandment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olivet_Discourse" title="Olivet Discourse">Olivet Discourse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anointing_of_Jesus" title="Anointing of Jesus">Anointing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passion_of_Jesus" title="Passion of Jesus">Passion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triumphal_entry_into_Jerusalem" title="Triumphal entry into Jerusalem">Entry into Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Last_Supper" title="Last Supper">Last Supper</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Farewell_Discourse" title="Farewell Discourse">Farewell Discourse</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agony_in_the_Garden" title="Agony in the Garden">Agony in the Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiss_of_Judas" title="Kiss of Judas">Betrayal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrest_of_Jesus" title="Arrest of Jesus">Arrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanhedrin_trial_of_Jesus" title="Sanhedrin trial of Jesus">Trial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">Crucifixion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sayings_of_Jesus_on_the_cross" title="Sayings of Jesus on the cross">Sayings on the cross</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burial_of_Jesus" title="Burial of Jesus">Burial</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Jesus" title="Tomb of Jesus">Tomb</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus" title="Resurrection of Jesus">Resurrection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ascension_of_Jesus" title="Ascension of Jesus">Ascension</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gospel" title="Gospel">Gospels</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Matthew" title="Gospel of Matthew">Matthew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Mark" title="Gospel of Mark">Mark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Luke" title="Gospel of Luke">Luke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_John" title="Gospel of John">John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_Discourses_of_Matthew" title="Five Discourses of Matthew">Five Discourses of Matthew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_harmony" title="Gospel harmony">Gospel harmony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oral_gospel_traditions" title="Oral gospel traditions">Oral gospel traditions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_background_of_the_New_Testament" title="Historical background of the New Testament">Historical background of the New Testament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Testament_places_associated_with_Jesus" title="New Testament places associated with Jesus">New Testament places associated with Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Names_and_titles_of_Jesus_in_the_New_Testament" title="Names and titles of Jesus in the New Testament">Names and titles of Jesus in the New Testament</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Historicity_of_Jesus" title="Historicity of Jesus">Historicity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Historical_Jesus" title="Historical Jesus">Historical Jesus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quest_for_the_historical_Jesus" title="Quest for the historical Jesus">Quest for the historical Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sources_for_the_historicity_of_Jesus" title="Sources for the historicity of Jesus">Sources</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Josephus_on_Jesus" title="Josephus on Jesus">Josephus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tacitus_on_Jesus" title="Tacitus on Jesus">Tacitus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mara_bar_Serapion_on_Jesus" title="Mara bar Serapion on Jesus">Mara bar Serapion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_reliability_of_the_Gospels" title="Historical reliability of the Gospels">Gospels</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christ_myth_theory" title="Christ myth theory">Christ myth theory</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Depiction_of_Jesus" title="Depiction of Jesus">Depictions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_books_about_Jesus" title="List of books about Jesus">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christ_Child" title="Christ Child">Christ Child</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life_of_Christ_in_art" title="Life of Christ in art">Life of Christ in art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life_of_Christ_Museum" title="Life of Christ Museum">Life of Christ Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_statues_of_Jesus" title="List of statues of Jesus">Statues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transfiguration_of_Jesus_in_Christian_art" title="Transfiguration of Jesus in Christian art">Transfiguration</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Christianity" title="Jesus in Christianity">Christianity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christ_(title)" title="Christ (title)">Christ</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_1st_century" title="Christianity in the 1st century">1st century</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christology" title="Christology">Christology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Incarnation_(Christianity)" title="Incarnation (Christianity)">Incarnation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christology#Person_of_Christ" title="Christology">Person of Christ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-existence_of_Christ" title="Pre-existence of Christ">Pre-existence</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relics_associated_with_Jesus" title="Relics associated with Jesus">Relics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Coming" title="Second Coming">Second Coming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Session_of_Christ" title="Session of Christ">Session of Christ</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Son of God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmic_Christ" title="Cosmic Christ">Cosmic Christ</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religious_perspectives_on_Jesus" title="Religious perspectives on Jesus">In other faiths</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesuism" title="Jesuism">Jesuism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_comparative_mythology" title="Jesus in comparative mythology">In comparative mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_views_on_Jesus" title="Jewish views on Jesus">Judaism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_the_Talmud" title="Jesus in the Talmud">In the Talmud</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Islam" title="Jesus in Islam">Islam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Ahmadiyya_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesus in Ahmadiyya Islam">Ahmadiyya</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_perspectives_on_Jesus#Baháʼí_Faith" title="Religious perspectives on Jesus">Baháʼí Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Manichaeism" title="Jesus in Manichaeism">Manichaeism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Manichaeism" title="Jesus in Manichaeism">Jesus the Splendour</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Mandaeism" title="Jesus in Mandaeism">Mandaeism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_Jesus" title="Master Jesus">Master Jesus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Genealogy_of_Jesus" title="Genealogy of Jesus">Genealogies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_Jesus" title="Mary, mother of Jesus">Mary</a> (mother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph" title="Saint Joseph">Joseph</a> (legal father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Family" title="Holy Family">Holy Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiberius_Julius_Abdes_Pantera" title="Tiberius Julius Abdes Pantera">Panthera</a> (alleged father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brothers_of_Jesus" title="Brothers of Jesus">Brothers of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Kinship" title="Holy Kinship">Holy Kinship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Anne" title="Saint Anne">Anne</a> (traditional maternal grandmother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joachim" title="Joachim">Joachim</a> (traditional maternal grandfather)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heli_(biblical_figure)" title="Heli (biblical figure)">Heli</a> (paternal grandfather per Luke)</li> <li>Jacob (paternal grandfather per Matthew)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_bloodline" title="Jesus bloodline">Descendants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clopas" title="Clopas">Clopas</a> (traditional uncle)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Language_of_Jesus" title="Language of Jesus">Language of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus%27s_interactions_with_women" title="Jesus's interactions with women">Interactions with women</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Magdalene" title="Mary Magdalene">Mary Magdalene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Bethany" title="Mary of Bethany">Mary, sister of Martha</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas" title="Christmas">Christmas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter" title="Easter">Easter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rejection_of_Jesus" title="Rejection of Jesus">Rejection of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Jesus" title="Criticism of Jesus">Criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mental_health_of_Jesus" title="Mental health of Jesus">Mental health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Race_and_appearance_of_Jesus" title="Race and appearance of Jesus">Race and appearance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_and_marital_status_of_Jesus" title="Sexuality and marital status of Jesus">Sexuality and marital status</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Jesus" title="Category:Jesus">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Christianity" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Christianity_footer" title="Template:Christianity footer"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Christianity_footer" title="Template talk:Christianity footer"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Christianity_footer" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Christianity footer"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Christianity" class="wraplinks" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Christianity-related_articles" title="Index of Christianity-related articles">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Christianity" title="Outline of Christianity">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_Christianity" title="Glossary of Christianity">Glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prophets_of_Christianity" title="Prophets of Christianity">Prophets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_Christians" title="Lists of Christians">Lists of Christians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_by_country" title="Christianity by country">By country</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a><br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_religious_texts#Christianity" title="List of religious texts">(Scriptures)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_canon" title="Biblical canon">Canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Foundations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_(congregation)" title="Church (congregation)">Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creed" title="Creed">Creed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_gospel" title="The gospel">Gospel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Covenant" title="New Covenant">New Covenant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_tradition" title="Christian tradition">Christian tradition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_worship" title="Christian worship">Worship</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Christianity" title="History of Christianity">History</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Christianity" title="Timeline of Christianity">timeline</a>)<br />(<a href="/wiki/Spread_of_Christianity" title="Spread of Christianity">spread</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Early_Christianity" title="Early Christianity">Early<br />Christianity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Christianity" title="Jesus in Christianity">in Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_Jesus" title="Nativity of Jesus">Nativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptism_of_Jesus" title="Baptism of Jesus">Baptism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Jesus" title="Ministry of Jesus">Ministry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sermon_on_the_Mount" title="Sermon on the Mount">Sermon on the Mount</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parables_of_Jesus" title="Parables of Jesus">Parables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miracles_of_Jesus" title="Miracles of Jesus">Miracles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Commandment" title="Great Commandment">Great Commandment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">Crucifixion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus" title="Resurrection of Jesus">Resurrection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Commission" title="Great Commission">Great Commission</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostles_in_the_New_Testament" title="Apostles in the New Testament">Apostles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_Fathers" title="Church Fathers">Church fathers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Fathers" title="Apostolic Fathers">Apostolic fathers</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Great_Church" title="Great Church">Great Church</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_ante-Nicene_period" title="Christianity in the ante-Nicene period">Ante-Nicene period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_late_antiquity" title="Christianity in late antiquity">Late antiquity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_the_Great_and_Christianity" title="Constantine the Great and Christianity">Constantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_seven_ecumenical_councils" title="First seven ecumenical councils">First seven ecumenical councils</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Council_of_Nicaea" title="First Council of Nicaea">Nicaea I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Chalcedon" title="Council of Chalcedon">Chalcedon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_as_the_Roman_state_religion" title="Christianity as the Roman state religion">State church of the Roman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_biblical_canon" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian biblical canon">Christian biblical canon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Christianity in the Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_monasticism" title="Christian monasticism">Monasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East%E2%80%93West_Schism" title="East–West Schism">East–West Schism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Investiture_Controversy" title="Investiture Controversy">Investiture Controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusades" title="Crusades">Crusades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_the_Age_of_Discovery" title="Catholic Church and the Age of Discovery">Age of Discovery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_modern_era" title="Christianity in the modern era">Modern era</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reformation" title="Reformation">Protestant Reformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-Reformation" title="Counter-Reformation">Catholic Reformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Thirty Years' War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Age of Enlightenment">Enlightenment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dechristianization_of_France_during_the_French_Revolution" title="Dechristianization of France during the French Revolution">French Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_Islam" title="Christianity and Islam">Relations with Islam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_influences_on_the_Islamic_world" title="Christian influences on the Islamic world">Influences</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christian_denomination" title="Christian denomination">Denominations</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_denominations" title="List of Christian denominations">list</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_denominations_by_number_of_members" title="List of Christian denominations by number of members">members</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Western_Christianity" title="Western Christianity">Western</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Catholic_Church" title="Old Catholic Church">Old Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Catholicism" title="Independent Catholicism">Independent Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestant</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adventism" title="Adventism">Adventist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anabaptism" title="Anabaptism">Anabaptist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglicanism" title="Anglicanism">Anglican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptists" title="Baptists">Baptist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charismatic_Christianity" title="Charismatic Christianity">Charismatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelicalism" title="Evangelicalism">Evangelical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holiness_movement" title="Holiness movement">Holiness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutheran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methodism" title="Methodism">Methodist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentecostalism" title="Pentecostalism">Pentecostal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quakers" title="Quakers">Quakers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformed_Christianity" title="Reformed Christianity">Reformed</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Rite_Orthodoxy" title="Western Rite Orthodoxy">Western Rite Orthodoxy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Christianity" title="Eastern Christianity">Eastern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy" title="Eastern Orthodoxy">Eastern Orthodox</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Church</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oriental_Orthodox_Churches" title="Oriental Orthodox Churches">Oriental Orthodox (Miaphysite)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_East" title="Church of the East">Church of the East (Nestorian)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Eastern Catholic Churches">Eastern Catholic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Restorationism" title="Restorationism">Restorationist</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witnesses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latter_Day_Saint_movement" title="Latter Day Saint movement">Latter Day Saint movement</a></li> <li><span title="Tagalog-language text"><span lang="tl" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Iglesia_ni_Cristo" title="Iglesia ni Cristo">Iglesia ni Cristo</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christian_theology" title="Christian theology">Theology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/God_in_Christianity" title="God in Christianity">God</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trinity" title="Trinity">Trinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_the_Father" title="God the Father">Father</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Son</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit_in_Christianity" title="Holy Spirit in Christianity">Holy Spirit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christology" title="Christology">Christology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicene_Creed" title="Nicene Creed">Nicene Creed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_tradition" title="Sacred tradition">Tradition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Original_sin" title="Original sin">Original sin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvation_in_Christianity" title="Salvation in Christianity">Salvation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Born_again" title="Born again">Born 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