CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Jesus's interactions with women - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"054eaa42-348f-494f-8930-bc61c1115c04","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Jesus's_interactions_with_women","wgTitle":"Jesus's interactions with women","wgCurRevisionId":1258432309,"wgRevisionId":1258432309,"wgArticleId":24415448,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Webarchive template wayback links","Webarchive template archiveis links","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from October 2024","Christianity and women","1st-century Christianity","Life of Jesus in the New Testament","Women in the New Testament","Gender in the Bible"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en", "wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Jesus's_interactions_with_women","wgRelevantArticleId":24415448,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":50000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q1561077", "wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc", "skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Albrecht_D%C3%BCrer%2C_Adam_and_Eve%2C_1504%2C_Engraving.jpg/1200px-Albrecht_D%C3%BCrer%2C_Adam_and_Eve%2C_1504%2C_Engraving.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1524"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Albrecht_D%C3%BCrer%2C_Adam_and_Eve%2C_1504%2C_Engraving.jpg/800px-Albrecht_D%C3%BCrer%2C_Adam_and_Eve%2C_1504%2C_Engraving.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1016"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Albrecht_D%C3%BCrer%2C_Adam_and_Eve%2C_1504%2C_Engraving.jpg/640px-Albrecht_D%C3%BCrer%2C_Adam_and_Eve%2C_1504%2C_Engraving.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="813"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Jesus's interactions with women - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesus%27s_interactions_with_women"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Jesus%27s_interactions_with_women&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesus%27s_interactions_with_women"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Jesus_s_interactions_with_women rootpage-Jesus_s_interactions_with_women skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Jesus%27s+interactions+with+women" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Jesus%27s+interactions+with+women" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Jesus%27s+interactions+with+women" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Jesus%27s+interactions+with+women" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-High_number_of_references_to_women" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#High_number_of_references_to_women"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>High number of references to women</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-High_number_of_references_to_women-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Women_as_disciples" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Women_as_disciples"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Women as disciples</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Women_as_disciples-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Women_of_obscurity_noticed_by_Jesus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Women_of_obscurity_noticed_by_Jesus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Women of obscurity noticed by Jesus</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Women_of_obscurity_noticed_by_Jesus-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Women of obscurity noticed by Jesus subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Women_of_obscurity_noticed_by_Jesus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Peter's_mother-in-law" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Peter's_mother-in-law"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Peter's mother-in-law</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Peter's_mother-in-law-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_woman_who_touched_Jesus's_garment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_woman_who_touched_Jesus's_garment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>The woman who touched Jesus's garment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_woman_who_touched_Jesus's_garment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Daughter_of_Jairus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Daughter_of_Jairus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Daughter of Jairus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Daughter_of_Jairus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Widow_of_Nain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Widow_of_Nain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Widow of Nain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Widow_of_Nain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_woman_bent_double" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_woman_bent_double"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>The woman bent double</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_woman_bent_double-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Women_as_models_of_faith" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Women_as_models_of_faith"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Women as models of faith</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Women_as_models_of_faith-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Women as models of faith subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Women_as_models_of_faith-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_widow_of_Zarephath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_widow_of_Zarephath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>The widow of Zarephath</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_widow_of_Zarephath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Queen_of_the_South" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Queen_of_the_South"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>The Queen of the South</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Queen_of_the_South-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parable_of_the_ten_virgins" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parable_of_the_ten_virgins"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Parable of the ten virgins</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parable_of_the_ten_virgins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_persistent_widow" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_persistent_widow"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>The persistent widow</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_persistent_widow-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-A_poor_widow's_offering" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#A_poor_widow's_offering"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>A poor widow's offering</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-A_poor_widow's_offering-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Women_as_models_of_Jesus's_work" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Women_as_models_of_Jesus's_work"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Women as models of Jesus's work</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Women_as_models_of_Jesus's_work-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Women_as_persons_of_value" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Women_as_persons_of_value"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Women as persons of value</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Women_as_persons_of_value-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Women as persons of value subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Women_as_persons_of_value-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Raising_their_dead" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Raising_their_dead"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Raising their dead</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Raising_their_dead-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Warning_against_lust" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Warning_against_lust"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Warning against lust</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Warning_against_lust-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Warning_against_divorce" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Warning_against_divorce"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Warning against divorce</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Warning_against_divorce-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Women_as_first_resurrection_witnesses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Women_as_first_resurrection_witnesses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Women as first resurrection witnesses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Women_as_first_resurrection_witnesses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mary,_mother_of_Jesus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mary,_mother_of_Jesus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Mary, mother of Jesus</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Mary,_mother_of_Jesus-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Mary, mother of Jesus subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Mary,_mother_of_Jesus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-At_the_Temple_in_Jerusalem" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#At_the_Temple_in_Jerusalem"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>At the Temple in Jerusalem</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-At_the_Temple_in_Jerusalem-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-At_the_wedding_in_Cana_of_Galilee" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#At_the_wedding_in_Cana_of_Galilee"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>At the wedding in Cana of Galilee</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-At_the_wedding_in_Cana_of_Galilee-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-At_the_foot_of_the_cross" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#At_the_foot_of_the_cross"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>At the foot of the cross</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-At_the_foot_of_the_cross-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mary_Magdalene" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mary_Magdalene"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Mary Magdalene</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mary_Magdalene-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_woman_taken_in_adultery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_woman_taken_in_adultery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>The woman taken in adultery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_woman_taken_in_adultery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_woman_at_the_well_in_Samaria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_woman_at_the_well_in_Samaria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>The woman at the well in Samaria</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_woman_at_the_well_in_Samaria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_woman_from_Syrophoenicia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_woman_from_Syrophoenicia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>The woman from Syrophoenicia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_woman_from_Syrophoenicia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mary_and_Martha" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mary_and_Martha"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Mary and Martha</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Mary_and_Martha-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Mary and Martha subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Mary_and_Martha-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Kitchen_and_study" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kitchen_and_study"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.1</span> <span>Kitchen and study</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kitchen_and_study-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_grieving_sisters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_grieving_sisters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.2</span> <span>The grieving sisters</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_grieving_sisters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Women_who_anointed_Jesus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Women_who_anointed_Jesus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Women who anointed Jesus</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Women_who_anointed_Jesus-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Women who anointed Jesus subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Women_who_anointed_Jesus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_anointings_in_Bethany" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_anointings_in_Bethany"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.1</span> <span>The anointings in Bethany</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_anointings_in_Bethany-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_anointing_by_a_repentant_sinner" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_anointing_by_a_repentant_sinner"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.2</span> <span>The anointing by a repentant sinner</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_anointing_by_a_repentant_sinner-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Women_who_ministered_with_Jesus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Women_who_ministered_with_Jesus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Women who ministered with Jesus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Women_who_ministered_with_Jesus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jesus_on_family_relationships" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jesus_on_family_relationships"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>Jesus on family relationships</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jesus_on_family_relationships-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Twelve_and_no_women_(and_no_Gentiles)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twelve_and_no_women_(and_no_Gentiles)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>Twelve and no women (and no Gentiles)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twelve_and_no_women_(and_no_Gentiles)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">19</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">20</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Works_cited" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works_cited"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">20.1</span> <span>Works cited</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Works_cited-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Jesus's interactions with women</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 6 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-6" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">6 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interacciones_de_Jes%C3%BAs_con_las_mujeres" title="Interacciones de Jesús con las mujeres – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Interacciones de Jesús con las mujeres" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%B9%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%A7_%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86" title="تعاملات عیسی با زنان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تعاملات عیسی با زنان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isus_i_%C5%BEene" title="Isus i žene – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Isus i žene" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interaksi_Yesus_dengan_wanita" title="Interaksi Yesus dengan wanita – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Interaksi Yesus dengan wanita" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interaksi_Yesus_dengan_wanita" title="Interaksi Yesus dengan wanita – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Interaksi Yesus dengan wanita" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isus_i_%C5%BEene" title="Isus i žene – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Isus i žene" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1561077#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Jesus%27s_interactions_with_women" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Jesus%27s_interactions_with_women" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Jesus%27s_interactions_with_women"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jesus%27s_interactions_with_women&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jesus%27s_interactions_with_women&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Jesus%27s_interactions_with_women"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jesus%27s_interactions_with_women&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jesus%27s_interactions_with_women&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Jesus%27s_interactions_with_women" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Jesus%27s_interactions_with_women" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jesus%27s_interactions_with_women&oldid=1258432309" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jesus%27s_interactions_with_women&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Jesus%27s_interactions_with_women&id=1258432309&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FJesus%2527s_interactions_with_women"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FJesus%2527s_interactions_with_women"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Jesus%27s_interactions_with_women&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jesus%27s_interactions_with_women&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1561077" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Element of the life of Jesus of Nazareth</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Jesus" title="Category:Jesus">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus"><img alt="Jesus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/JesusYeshua.svg/200px-JesusYeshua.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="57" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/JesusYeshua.svg/300px-JesusYeshua.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/JesusYeshua.svg/400px-JesusYeshua.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="819" data-file-height="234" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-bottom:0;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Christianity" title="Jesus in Christianity">Jesus in Christianity</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christology" title="Christology">Christology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Names_and_titles_of_Jesus_in_the_New_Testament" title="Names and titles of Jesus in the New Testament">Names and titles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christ_(title)" title="Christ (title)">Christ</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life_of_Jesus" title="Life of Jesus">Life of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel" title="Gospel">Gospels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_harmony" title="Gospel harmony">Gospel harmony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Testament_places_associated_with_Jesus" title="New Testament places associated with Jesus">Places</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_birth_of_Jesus" title="Virgin birth of Jesus">Virgin birth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_Jesus" title="Nativity of Jesus">Nativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptism_of_Jesus" title="Baptism of Jesus">Baptism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Jesus" title="Ministry of Jesus">Ministry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sermon_on_the_Mount" title="Sermon on the Mount">Sermon on the Mount</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miracles_of_Jesus" title="Miracles of Jesus">Miracles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parables_of_Jesus" title="Parables of Jesus">Parables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humiliation_of_Christ" title="Humiliation of Christ">Humiliation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">Crucifixion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burial_of_Jesus" title="Burial of Jesus">Burial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus" title="Resurrection of Jesus">Resurrection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ascension_of_Jesus" title="Ascension of Jesus">Ascension</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Active_obedience_of_Christ" title="Active obedience of Christ">Obedience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Session_of_Christ" title="Session of Christ">Heavenly Session</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intercession_of_Christ" title="Intercession of Christ">Intercession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visions_of_Jesus_and_Mary" title="Visions of Jesus and Mary">Apparitions and visions of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Coming" title="Second Coming">Second Coming</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-bottom:0;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Islam" title="Jesus in Islam">Jesus in Islam</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Masih_(title)" title="Masih (title)">Masih</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_in_Islam" title="Gospel in Islam">Gospel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Names_and_titles_of_Jesus_in_the_Quran" title="Names and titles of Jesus in the Quran">Names and titles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_in_Islam" title="Mary in Islam">Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disciples_of_Jesus_in_Islam" title="Disciples of Jesus in Islam">Disciples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_views_on_Jesus%27s_death" title="Islamic views on Jesus's death">Death</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahdi" title="Mahdi">Mahdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_eschatology#Isa" title="Islamic eschatology">End times</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-bottom:0;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Historical_background_of_the_New_Testament" title="Historical background of the New Testament">Background</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Historical_background_of_the_New_Testament" title="Historical background of the New Testament">Background to the New Testament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Language_of_Jesus" title="Language of Jesus">Language spoken by Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Race_and_appearance_of_Jesus" title="Race and appearance of Jesus">Jesus's race</a> / <a href="/wiki/Genealogy_of_Jesus" title="Genealogy of Jesus">genealogy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mental_health_of_Jesus" title="Mental health of Jesus">Mental health of Jesus</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-bottom:0;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Historicity_of_Jesus" title="Historicity of Jesus">Jesus in history</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chronology_of_Jesus" title="Chronology of Jesus">Chronology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_Jesus" title="Historical Jesus">Historical Jesus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quest_for_the_historical_Jesus" title="Quest for the historical Jesus">Quest for the historical Jesus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historicity_of_Jesus" title="Historicity of Jesus">Historicity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sources_for_the_historicity_of_Jesus" title="Sources for the historicity of Jesus">Sources for the historicity of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_reliability_of_the_Gospels" title="Historical reliability of the Gospels">Reliability of the Gospels</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_comparative_mythology" title="Jesus in comparative mythology">Mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christ_myth_theory" title="Christ myth theory">Jesus myth theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Jesus" title="Criticism of Jesus">Criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unknown_years_of_Jesus" title="Unknown years of Jesus">Unknown years</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relics_associated_with_Jesus" title="Relics associated with Jesus">Relics</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-bottom:0;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Religious_perspectives_on_Jesus" title="Religious perspectives on Jesus">Perspectives on Jesus</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christology" title="Christology">Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_views_on_Jesus" title="Jewish views on Jesus">Jewish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_the_Talmud" title="Jesus in the Talmud">Talmud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Islam" title="Jesus in Islam">Islamic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Ahmadiyya_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesus in Ahmadiyya Islam">Ahmadi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Manichaeism" title="Jesus in Manichaeism">Manichaean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Mandaeism" title="Jesus in Mandaeism">Mandaean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josephus_on_Jesus" title="Josephus on Jesus">Josephus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tacitus_on_Jesus" title="Tacitus on Jesus">Tacitus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mara_bar_Serapion_on_Jesus" title="Mara bar Serapion on Jesus">Bar-Serapion</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-bottom:0;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Depiction_of_Jesus" title="Depiction of Jesus">Jesus in culture</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Life_of_Christ_in_art" title="Life of Christ in art">Life in art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life_of_Christ_Museum" title="Life of Christ Museum">Life of Christ Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Depiction_of_Jesus" title="Depiction of Jesus">Depiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesuism" title="Jesuism">Jesuism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist" style="padding-top:0.1em;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.5em;"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_christianity.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/16px-P_christianity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/24px-P_christianity.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/32px-P_christianity.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Christianity" title="Portal:Christianity">Christianity portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/15px-Allah-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/23px-Allah-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/31px-Allah-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="206" data-file-height="215" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Islam" title="Portal:Islam">Islam portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Jesus" title="Template:Jesus"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Jesus" title="Template talk:Jesus"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Jesus" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Jesus"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks plainlist" style="width:20.0em"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="background:#dde;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Christianity_and_women" title="Category:Christianity and women">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#dde;">Christianity and gender</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Albrecht_D%C3%BCrer,_Adam_and_Eve,_1504,_Engraving.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title=""Adam and Eve" by Albrecht Dürer (1504)"><img alt=""Adam and Eve" by Albrecht Dürer (1504)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Albrecht_D%C3%BCrer%2C_Adam_and_Eve%2C_1504%2C_Engraving.jpg/125px-Albrecht_D%C3%BCrer%2C_Adam_and_Eve%2C_1504%2C_Engraving.jpg" decoding="async" width="125" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Albrecht_D%C3%BCrer%2C_Adam_and_Eve%2C_1504%2C_Engraving.jpg/188px-Albrecht_D%C3%BCrer%2C_Adam_and_Eve%2C_1504%2C_Engraving.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Albrecht_D%C3%BCrer%2C_Adam_and_Eve%2C_1504%2C_Engraving.jpg/250px-Albrecht_D%C3%BCrer%2C_Adam_and_Eve%2C_1504%2C_Engraving.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2872" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption>"Adam and Eve" by Albrecht Dürer (1504)</figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.7em;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Theology</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proverbs_31" title="Proverbs 31">Proverbs 31</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1_Timothy_2:12" title="1 Timothy 2:12">1 Timothy 2:12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_womanhood" title="Biblical womanhood">Biblical womanhood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_views_on_marriage" title="Christian views on marriage">Christian views on marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deaconess" title="Deaconess">Deaconess</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jesus's interactions with women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_women_in_the_Bible" title="List of women in the Bible">List of women in the Bible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordination_of_women" title="Ordination of women">Ordination of women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle_and_women" title="Paul the Apostle and women">Paul the Apostle and women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rape_in_the_Hebrew_Bible" title="Rape in the Hebrew Bible">Rape in the Hebrew Bible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stay-at-home_daughter" title="Stay-at-home daughter">Stay-at-home daughter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_as_theological_figures" title="Women as theological figures">Women as theological figures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_Bible" title="Women in the Bible">Women in the Bible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Christianity" title="Women in Christianity">Women in Christianity</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.7em;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Major positions</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_egalitarianism" title="Christian egalitarianism">Christian egalitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Complementarianism" title="Complementarianism">Complementarianism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.7em;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Other positions</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asian_feminist_theology" title="Asian feminist theology">Asian feminist theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_patriarchy" title="Biblical patriarchy">Biblical patriarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_feminism" title="New feminism">New feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Womanist_theology" title="Womanist theology">Womanist theology</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.7em;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Ordination_of_women_in_Christianity" title="Ordination of women in Christianity">Ordination of women in Christianity</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ordination_of_women_and_the_Catholic_Church" title="Ordination of women and the Catholic Church">Ordination of women in Catholicism</a></li> <li>Ordination of women in Protestantism (<a href="/wiki/Ordination_of_women_in_the_Anglican_Communion" title="Ordination of women in the Anglican Communion">Anglican</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ordination_of_women_in_Methodism" title="Ordination of women in Methodism">Methodist</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ordination_of_women_in_the_Church_of_Scotland" title="Ordination of women in the Church of Scotland">Church of Scotland</a>)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.7em;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Church and society</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_and_African-American_women_in_Christianity" title="African and African-American women in Christianity">African and African-American women in Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_homosexuality" title="Christianity and homosexuality">Christianity and homosexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fallen_woman" title="Fallen woman">Fallen woman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_people_and_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Transgender people and Christianity">Transgender people and Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Church_history" title="Women in Church history">Women in Church history</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.7em;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Organizations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Christian_feminism" title="Christian feminism">Feminist</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_and_Ecumenical_Women%27s_Caucus" title="Evangelical and Ecumenical Women's Caucus">Evangelical and Ecumenical<br />Women's Caucus</a></div></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Christian_egalitarianism" title="Christian egalitarianism">Egalitarian</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christians_for_Biblical_Equality" title="Christians for Biblical Equality">Christians for Biblical Equality</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Complementarianism" title="Complementarianism">Complementarian</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Council_on_Biblical_Manhood_and_Womanhood" title="Council on Biblical Manhood and Womanhood">Council on Biblical<br />Manhood and Womanhood</a></div></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Biblical_patriarchy" title="Biblical patriarchy">Patriarchal</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vision_Forum" title="Vision Forum">Vision Forum</a> <small>(defunct)</small></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.7em;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Theologians and authors (by view)</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Christian_feminism" title="Christian feminism">Feminist</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Eggebroten" title="Anne Eggebroten">Anne Eggebroten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grace_Jantzen" title="Grace Jantzen">Grace Jantzen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Ramey_Mollenkott" title="Virginia Ramey Mollenkott">Virginia Ramey Mollenkott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Letha_Dawson_Scanzoni" title="Letha Dawson Scanzoni">Letha Dawson Scanzoni</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Christian_egalitarianism" title="Christian egalitarianism">Egalitarian</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Bilezikian" title="Gilbert Bilezikian">Gilbert Bilezikian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greg_Boyd_(theologian)" title="Greg Boyd (theologian)">Greg Boyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Fee" title="Gordon Fee">Gordon Fee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Giles" title="Kevin Giles">Kevin Giles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Grenz" title="Stanley Grenz">Stanley Grenz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_E._Hagin" title="Kenneth E. Hagin">Kenneth E. Hagin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_King_Jewett" title="Paul King Jewett">Paul Jewett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Nicole" title="Roger Nicole">Roger Nicole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Stagg_(theologian)" title="Frank Stagg (theologian)">Frank Stagg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_J._Webb" title="William J. Webb">William J. Webb</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Complementarianism" title="Complementarianism">Complementarian</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/D._A._Carson" title="D. A. Carson">Don Carson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._MacArthur" class="mw-redirect" title="John F. MacArthur">John MacArthur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Foh" title="Susan Foh">Susan Foh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Frame_(theologian)" title="John Frame (theologian)">John Frame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayne_Grudem" title="Wayne Grudem">Wayne Grudem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Knight_III" title="George W. Knight III">George W. Knight III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Mohler" title="Albert Mohler">Albert Mohler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_J._Moo" title="Douglas J. Moo">Douglas Moo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Roback_Morse" title="Jennifer Roback Morse">Jennifer Morse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_C._Ortlund_Jr." title="Raymond C. Ortlund Jr.">Raymond C. Ortlund Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Patterson" title="Dorothy Patterson">Dorothy Patterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paige_Patterson" title="Paige Patterson">Paige Patterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Piper_(theologian)" title="John Piper (theologian)">John Piper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vern_Poythress" title="Vern Poythress">Vern Poythress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owen_Strachan" title="Owen Strachan">Owen Strachan</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.7em;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Theologians and authors (by branch)</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Roman Catholic</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hildegard_of_Bingen" title="Hildegard of Bingen">Hildegard of Bingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_of_Norwich" title="Julian of Norwich">Julian of Norwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Siena" title="Catherine of Siena">Catherine of Siena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christine_de_Pizan" title="Christine de Pizan">Christine de Pizan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juana_In%C3%A9s_de_la_Cruz" title="Juana Inés de la Cruz">Juana Inés de la Cruz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Stein" title="Edith Stein">Edith Stein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">Pope John Paul II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phyllis_Zagano" title="Phyllis Zagano">Phyllis Zagano</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frederica_Mathewes-Green" title="Frederica Mathewes-Green">Frederica Mathewes-Green</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestant</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_Ulring_Larson" title="April Ulring Larson">April Ulring Larson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Booth" title="Catherine Booth">Catherine Booth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lise-Lotte_Rebel" title="Lise-Lotte Rebel">Lise-Lotte Rebel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katharine_Jefferts_Schori" title="Katharine Jefferts Schori">Katharine Jefferts Schori</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Christianity_and_gender" title="Template:Christianity and gender"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Christianity_and_gender" title="Template talk:Christianity and gender"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Christianity_and_gender" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Christianity and gender"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Jesus's interactions with women</b> are an important element in the theological debate about <a href="/wiki/Women_in_Christianity" title="Women in Christianity">Christianity and women</a>. Women are prominent in the story of <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a>. According to the <a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus" title="Resurrection of Jesus">resurrection story</a>, the resurrected Jesus was first seen by women. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="High_number_of_references_to_women">High number of references to women</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jesus%27s_interactions_with_women&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: High number of references to women"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a> scholar <a href="/wiki/Frank_Stagg_(theologian)" title="Frank Stagg (theologian)">Frank Stagg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Classics" title="Classics">classicist</a> <a href="/wiki/Evelyn_Stagg" title="Evelyn Stagg">Evelyn Stagg</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Staggs_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Staggs-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Synoptic_Gospels" title="Synoptic Gospels">synoptic Gospels</a> of the canonical New Testament contain a relatively high number of references to women. Evangelical Bible scholar <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Bilezikian" title="Gilbert Bilezikian">Gilbert Bilezikian</a> agrees, especially by comparison with literary works of the same epoch.<sup id="cite_ref-GB_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GB-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 82">: 82 </span></sup> Neither the Staggs nor Bilezikian find any recorded instance where Jesus disgraces, belittles, reproaches, or stereotypes a woman. These writers claim that examples of the manner of Jesus are instructive for inferring his attitudes toward women and show repeatedly how he liberated and affirmed women.<sup id="cite_ref-Staggs_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Staggs-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Starr writes that of all founders of religions and religious sects, Jesus stands alone as the one who did not discriminate in some way against women. By word or deed he never encouraged the disparagement of a woman.<sup id="cite_ref-Starr_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Starr-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Karen_Leigh_King" title="Karen Leigh King">Karen King</a> concludes, based on the account of Jesus's interaction with a Syrophoenician woman in Mark 7:24–30<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Matthew 15:21–28,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that "an unnamed Gentile woman taught Jesus that the ministry of God is not limited to particular groups and persons, but belongs to all who have faith."<sup id="cite_ref-King_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-King-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Women_as_disciples">Women as disciples</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jesus%27s_interactions_with_women&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Women as disciples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The gospels of the New Testament, written toward the last quarter of the first century AD, often mention Jesus speaking to women publicly and openly against the social norms of the time.<sup id="cite_ref-Blevins_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blevins-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From the beginning, Jewish women disciples, including <a href="/wiki/Mary_Magdalene" title="Mary Magdalene">Mary Magdalene</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joanna,_wife_of_Chuza" title="Joanna, wife of Chuza">Joanna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Susanna_(disciple)" title="Susanna (disciple)">Susanna</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Salome_(disciple)" title="Salome (disciple)">Salome</a> had accompanied Jesus during his ministry and supported him out of their private means.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-king_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-king-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_E._Bailey" title="Kenneth E. Bailey">Kenneth E. Bailey</a><sup id="cite_ref-Bailey_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bailey-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> spent 40 years as a Presbyterian professor of New Testament in <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a>. He writes about Christianity from a Middle Eastern cultural view. He finds evidence in several New Testament passages that Jesus had women disciples. He first cites the reported occasion when Jesus's family appeared and asked to speak with him. Jesus replied: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>"Who is my mother, and who are my brothers?" And stretching out his hand <em>towards his disciples</em>, he said, "Here are my mother and my brothers! For whoever does the will of my Father in heaven is my brother, and sister, and mother."</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Matthew 12:46–50, emphasis added by Bailey<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <p>Bailey argues that according to Middle Eastern customs, Jesus could not properly have gestured to a crowd of men and said, "Here are my brother, and sister, and mother." He could only have said that to a crowd of both men <em>and</em> women. Therefore, the disciples standing before him were composed of men and women.<sup id="cite_ref-Bailey_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bailey-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Women_of_obscurity_noticed_by_Jesus">Women of obscurity noticed by Jesus</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jesus%27s_interactions_with_women&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Women of obscurity noticed by Jesus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Gospels record several instances where Jesus reaches out to "unnoticeable" women, inconspicuous silent sufferers who blend into the background and are seen by others as "negligible entities destined to exist on the fringes of life".<sup id="cite_ref-GB_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GB-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jesus notices them, recognizes their need and, "in one gloriously wrenching moment, He thrusts them on center stage in the drama of redemption with the spotlights of eternity beaming down upon them, and He immortalizes them in sacred history".<sup id="cite_ref-GB_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GB-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 82">: 82 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Peter's_mother-in-law"><span id="Peter.27s_mother-in-law"></span>Peter's mother-in-law</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jesus%27s_interactions_with_women&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Peter's mother-in-law"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The three synoptic gospels all record the healing of Simon Peter's mother-in-law.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When Jesus came into Peter's house, he saw Peter's mother-in-law lying in bed with a fever. He healed the woman of fever by touching her hand. She rose and began to wait on him. With this particular healing, something unique occurs. Quite often, after being healed, people left Jesus to go about their renewed lives. Peter's mother-in-law, however, immediately rose and began to "serve" him. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_woman_who_touched_Jesus's_garment"><span id="The_woman_who_touched_Jesus.27s_garment"></span>The woman who touched Jesus's garment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jesus%27s_interactions_with_women&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: The woman who touched Jesus's garment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Paolo_Veronese_%E2%80%94_Erweckung_des_J%C3%BCnglings_zu_Nain_%E2%80%94_1560er_%E2%80%94_KHM.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Paolo_Veronese_%E2%80%94_Erweckung_des_J%C3%BCnglings_zu_Nain_%E2%80%94_1560er_%E2%80%94_KHM.jpg/170px-Paolo_Veronese_%E2%80%94_Erweckung_des_J%C3%BCnglings_zu_Nain_%E2%80%94_1560er_%E2%80%94_KHM.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Paolo_Veronese_%E2%80%94_Erweckung_des_J%C3%BCnglings_zu_Nain_%E2%80%94_1560er_%E2%80%94_KHM.jpg/255px-Paolo_Veronese_%E2%80%94_Erweckung_des_J%C3%BCnglings_zu_Nain_%E2%80%94_1560er_%E2%80%94_KHM.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Paolo_Veronese_%E2%80%94_Erweckung_des_J%C3%BCnglings_zu_Nain_%E2%80%94_1560er_%E2%80%94_KHM.jpg/340px-Paolo_Veronese_%E2%80%94_Erweckung_des_J%C3%BCnglings_zu_Nain_%E2%80%94_1560er_%E2%80%94_KHM.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1256" data-file-height="881" /></a><figcaption>Illustration by <a href="/wiki/Paolo_Veronese" title="Paolo Veronese">Paolo Veronese</a> of Jesus healing the woman with a flow of blood</figcaption></figure> <p>Jesus practiced the ministry of touch, sometimes touching the "<a href="/wiki/Untouchability" title="Untouchability">untouchables</a>" and letting them touch him. Among the things considered defiling (disqualifying one for the rituals of religion) was an issue of blood, especially <a href="/wiki/Menstruation" title="Menstruation">menstruation</a> or <a href="/wiki/Hemorrhage" class="mw-redirect" title="Hemorrhage">hemorrhage</a>. One such woman had been plagued with a flow of blood for 12 years, no one having been able to heal her. She found the faith in a crowd to force her way up to Jesus, approaching him from behind so as to remain inconspicuous, and simply touching his garment.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When she did, two things happened: the flows of blood stopped and she was discovered.<sup id="cite_ref-GB_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GB-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 83">: 83 </span></sup> </p><p>Jesus turned and asked who touched him. The disciples tried to brush aside the question, protesting that in such a crowd no individual could be singled out. Jesus pressed his inquiry and the woman came and trembled at his feet; she explained her reason and declared amid the crowd what blessing had come to her.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jesus treated her as having worth, not rebuking her for what the Levitical code of holiness would have considered as defiling him.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rather, he relieved her of any sense of guilt for her seemingly rash act, lifted her up and called her "Daughter". He told her that her faith saved her, gave her his love, and sent her away whole.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fontaine writes, "The '<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/chutzpah" class="extiw" title="wikt:chutzpah">chutzpah</a>' shown by the woman who bled for 12 years as she wrests her salvation from the healer's cloak is as much a measure of her desperation as it is a testimony to her faith."<sup id="cite_ref-Fontaine_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fontaine-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 291">: 291 </span></sup> Fontaine comments that "the Bible views women as a group of people who are fulfilled, legitimated, given full membership into their community, and cared for in old age by their children," and that barren women risked ostracism from their communities. She notes that when disabled people are healed, the act "emphasizes primarily the remarkable compassion of the one doing the good deed, not the deserving nature or dignity of the recipient".<sup id="cite_ref-Fontaine_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fontaine-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 290">: 290 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Daughter_of_Jairus">Daughter of Jairus</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jesus%27s_interactions_with_women&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Daughter of Jairus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jairus was one of the rulers of the Jewish <a href="/wiki/Synagogue" title="Synagogue">synagogue</a>, and had a daughter who had been very ill and was now at the point of death. She was an only daughter, and was twelve years of age. So hearing that Jesus was near, Jairus came to Jesus, and, falling down before him, implored Jesus to come and see his sick daughter. She had been comatose, and in Matthew 9:18<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> her father says she is already dead. Jesus went to her, even though the others mocked him and said it was too late. When he saw her body, he took her by the hand and said to her, "Talitha koum," which means, "Little girl, I say to you, arise!" She immediately arose and walked around. He gave strict orders that no one should know this and said that she should be given something to eat. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Widow_of_Nain">Widow of Nain</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jesus%27s_interactions_with_women&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Widow of Nain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Raising_of_the_son_of_the_widow_of_Nain" title="Raising of the son of the widow of Nain">Raising of the son of the widow of Nain</a></div> <p>The widow lived in a remote small town on a hillside in Galilee.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the death of her only son left her with little means of support.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jesus noticed the grieving woman in the funeral procession. Jesus gave the command "Arise!" and gave the bewildered son back to his mother. "They all knew that God had a special love for the little widow with one son in Nain of Galilee."<sup id="cite_ref-GB_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GB-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 84">: 84 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_woman_bent_double">The woman bent double</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jesus%27s_interactions_with_women&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: The woman bent double"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jesus was teaching in a synagogue on the <a href="/wiki/Shabbat" title="Shabbat">Sabbath</a> and saw a woman who had been "crippled by a spirit for eighteen years".<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was bent over and could not straighten up at all. He called to the woman, said "Woman, you are set free from your infirmity", then laid his hands on her body, and immediately she straightened up and praised God.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The synagogue ruler, the defender of the Sabbath, was indignant because Jesus had healed on the Sabbath. Rather than confront Jesus, he rebuked the woman publicly by saying to the whole congregation, "There are six days for work. So come and be healed on those days, not on the Sabbath".<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In response, Jesus said, "You hypocrites! Doesn't each of you on the Sabbath untie his ox or donkey from the stall and lead it out to give it water? Then should not this woman, a daughter of <a href="/wiki/Abraham" title="Abraham">Abraham</a>, whom Satan has kept bound for eighteen long years, be set free on the Sabbath day from what bound her?"<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Staggs emphasize that this is the only reference in New Testament to "a <em>daughter</em> of Abraham".<sup id="cite_ref-Staggs_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Staggs-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They conclude that Jesus spoke of this woman as though she belonged to the family of Abraham just as much as did the <em>sons</em> of Abraham. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Women_as_models_of_faith">Women as models of faith</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jesus%27s_interactions_with_women&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Women as models of faith"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jesus who always kept his covenant of chastity presented women as models of faith to his listeners. In the culture of the day, women were neither to be seen nor heard since they were considered "corrupting influences to be shunned and disdained".<sup id="cite_ref-GB_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GB-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_widow_of_Zarephath">The widow of Zarephath</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jesus%27s_interactions_with_women&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: The widow of Zarephath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Raising_of_the_son_of_the_widow_of_Zarephath" title="Raising of the son of the widow of Zarephath">Raising of the son of the widow of Zarephath</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Queen_of_the_South">The Queen of the South</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jesus%27s_interactions_with_women&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: The Queen of the South"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Queen_of_the_South_(biblical_reference)" title="Queen of the South (biblical reference)">Queen of the South (biblical reference)</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parable_of_the_ten_virgins">Parable of the ten virgins</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jesus%27s_interactions_with_women&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Parable of the ten virgins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Parable_of_the_Ten_Virgins" title="Parable of the Ten Virgins">Parable of the Ten Virgins</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_persistent_widow">The persistent widow</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jesus%27s_interactions_with_women&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: The persistent widow"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Parable_of_the_Unjust_Judge" title="Parable of the Unjust Judge">Parable of the Unjust Judge</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="A_poor_widow's_offering"><span id="A_poor_widow.27s_offering"></span>A poor widow's offering</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jesus%27s_interactions_with_women&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: A poor widow's offering"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Lesson_of_the_widow%27s_mite" title="Lesson of the widow's mite">Lesson of the widow's mite</a></div> <p>Jesus honors a poor widow who cast "two copper coins" into the Temple treasury. What the widow gave to God was the totality of her belongings. Women had only limited access to the Temple in Jerusalem. There Jesus found the most praiseworthy piety and sacrificial giving, not in the rich contributors, but in a poor woman.<sup id="cite_ref-Staggs_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Staggs-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Women_as_models_of_Jesus's_work"><span id="Women_as_models_of_Jesus.27s_work"></span>Women as models of Jesus's work</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jesus%27s_interactions_with_women&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Women as models of Jesus's work"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Parable_of_the_Lost_Coin" title="Parable of the Lost Coin">Parable of the Lost Coin</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Parable_of_the_Leaven" title="Parable of the Leaven">Parable of the Leaven</a>, Jesus presents his own work and the growth of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_God" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of God">Kingdom of God</a> in terms of a woman and her domestic work.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These parables follow the <a href="/wiki/Parable_of_the_Lost_Sheep" title="Parable of the Lost Sheep">Parable of the Lost Sheep</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Parable_of_the_Mustard_Seed" title="Parable of the Mustard Seed">Parable of the Mustard Seed</a> respectively, and share the same messages as their more male-oriented counterparts. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Joel_B._Green" title="Joel B. Green">Joel B. Green</a> writes of the Parable of the Leaven that Jesus "asks people—male or female, privileged or peasant, it does not matter—to enter the domain of a first-century woman and household cook in order to gain perspective on the domain of God".<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Women_as_persons_of_value">Women as persons of value</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jesus%27s_interactions_with_women&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Women as persons of value"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Raising_their_dead">Raising their dead</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jesus%27s_interactions_with_women&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Raising their dead"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Gospels describe three miracles of Jesus raising persons from the dead. In two out of those three incidents the dead are restored to women—to <a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Bethany" title="Mary of Bethany">Mary</a> and <a href="/wiki/Martha" title="Martha">Martha</a> their brother <a href="/wiki/Lazarus_of_Bethany" title="Lazarus of Bethany">Lazarus</a><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and to the unnamed widow from Nain her only son.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Warning_against_lust">Warning against lust</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jesus%27s_interactions_with_women&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Warning against lust"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Sermon_on_the_Mount" title="Sermon on the Mount">Sermon on the Mount</a>, Jesus expounded upon the <a href="/wiki/Ten_Commandments" title="Ten Commandments">Ten Commandments</a>. He defended the value of women and men by equating lust to adultery.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Warning_against_divorce">Warning against divorce</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jesus%27s_interactions_with_women&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Warning against divorce"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jesus expounded upon the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Deuteronomy" title="Book of Deuteronomy">Book of Deuteronomy</a>. Regarding men's custom of divorce, he defended the rights of wives by equating unjustified divorce with the guilt of causing the sin of adultery.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Women_as_first_resurrection_witnesses">Women as first resurrection witnesses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jesus%27s_interactions_with_women&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Women as first resurrection witnesses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the <a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus" title="Resurrection of Jesus">Resurrection of Jesus</a>, he chose to appear first to a group of women and gave them the privilege of proclaiming his resurrection and communicating his instructions to the <a href="/wiki/Apostles_in_the_New_Testament" title="Apostles in the New Testament">Apostles</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the story, appearing first to them implies his claim was not dishonest because a rational deceiver would not appear to witnesses that could not testify in court (i.e., the group of women). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mary,_mother_of_Jesus"><span id="Mary.2C_mother_of_Jesus"></span>Mary, mother of Jesus</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jesus%27s_interactions_with_women&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Mary, mother of Jesus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_Jesus" title="Mary, mother of Jesus">Mary, mother of Jesus</a>; <a href="/wiki/Blessed_Virgin_Mary" class="mw-redirect" title="Blessed Virgin Mary">Blessed Virgin Mary</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Theotokos" title="Theotokos">Theotokos</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="At_the_Temple_in_Jerusalem">At the Temple in Jerusalem</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jesus%27s_interactions_with_women&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: At the Temple in Jerusalem"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The canonical Gospels offer only one story about Jesus as a boy—Luke's story about the boy Jesus in the Jerusalem Temple. According to Luke, his parents, Joseph and Mary, took the 12-year-old Jesus to Jerusalem on their annual pilgrimage to the <a href="/wiki/Passover" title="Passover">Passover</a>. Mary and Joseph started their journey home without Jesus, thinking he was somewhere in the caravan with kinsmen or acquaintances. When his parents found him three days later, Mary said, "Son, why have you treated us like this? Your father and I have been anxiously searching for you." The boy Jesus respectfully but firmly reminded her of a higher claim he must answer: "Didn't you know I had to be about my Father's business?"<sup id="cite_ref-Staggs_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Staggs-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 103–104, 224">: 103–104, 224 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is noteworthy that in obedience to his parents, Jesus left and was subject to them. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="At_the_wedding_in_Cana_of_Galilee">At the wedding in Cana of Galilee</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jesus%27s_interactions_with_women&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: At the wedding in Cana of Galilee"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Marriage_at_Cana" class="mw-redirect" title="Marriage at Cana">Marriage at Cana</a></div> <p>Mary told Jesus the wine was in short supply. Today his reply may seem curt: "Woman, what have I to do with you? My hour is not yet come."<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Neither here nor elsewhere does Jesus renounce the mother-son relationship as such, but here, as in Luke 2:49<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he declares his vocational (ministerial) independence of his mother. He has an "hour" to meet, and Mary, though his mother, can neither hasten nor hinder its coming.<sup id="cite_ref-Staggs_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Staggs-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 103–104, 236">: 103–104, 236 </span></sup> </p><p>Most scholars believe that in Jesus's reply to his mother there was no disrespect. According to <i>Matthew Henry's Commentary</i>, he used the same word when speaking to Mary with affection from the cross.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Scholar Lyn M. Bechtel disagrees with this reading. She writes that the use of the word "woman" in reference to Jesus's mother is "startling. Although it would not be improper or disrespectful to address an ordinary woman in this way (as he often does),<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it is inappropriate to call his mother 'woman'".<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bechtel further argues that this is a device Jesus uses to distance himself from <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a>. </p><p>However, Bishop William Temple says there is no English phrase that represents the original "Woman, leave me to myself." "In the Greek it is perfectly respectful and can even be tender—as in John 19:27...<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> We have no corresponding term; 'lady' is precious, and 'madam' is formal. So we must translate simply and let the context give the tone."<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some versions of the Bible translate it as "<i>Dear</i> woman".<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="At_the_foot_of_the_cross">At the foot of the cross</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jesus%27s_interactions_with_women&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: At the foot of the cross"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jesus, being Mary's firstborn son, took the responsibility of caring for his aging mother's future. Soon before he died, Jesus made arrangements for <a href="/wiki/The_disciple_whom_Jesus_loved" class="mw-redirect" title="The disciple whom Jesus loved">the disciple whom Jesus loved</a> to take care of her.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mary_Magdalene">Mary Magdalene</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jesus%27s_interactions_with_women&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Mary Magdalene"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Mary_Magdalene" title="Mary Magdalene">Mary Magdalene</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Mary_Magdalene" title="Mary Magdalene">Mary Magdalene</a> (also called Miriam of Magdala) is among the women depicted in the <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a> who accompanied Jesus and his twelve <a href="/wiki/Apostles" class="mw-redirect" title="Apostles">apostles</a>, and who also helped to support the men financially.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Mark 15:40,<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Matthew 27:56,<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> John 19:25,<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Luke 23:49,<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> she was one of the women who remained at Jesus's <a href="/wiki/Crucifixion" title="Crucifixion">crucifixion</a>. The New Testament says she saw Jesus laid in a tomb. Mark 16:9<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> reports that after his <a href="/wiki/Resurrection" title="Resurrection">resurrection</a>, Jesus appeared first to Mary Magdalene. The New Testament also says that Jesus had cast seven demons out of her. </p><p>For centuries, Mary Magdalene was identified in <a href="/wiki/Western_Christianity" title="Western Christianity">Western Christianity</a> as an adulteress and repentant prostitute, although nowhere does the New Testament identify her as such. In the late 20th century, discoveries of new texts and changing critical insight brought this into question. According to Harvard theologian Dr. Karen King, Mary Magdalene was a prominent disciple and leader of one wing of <a href="/wiki/History_of_early_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="History of early Christianity">the early Christian movement</a> that promoted women's leadership.<sup id="cite_ref-King_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-King-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>King cites references in the <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_John" title="Gospel of John">Gospel of John</a> that the risen Jesus gives Mary special teaching and commissions her as an "apostle to the apostles". She is the first to announce the resurrection and to play the role of an apostle, although the term is not specifically used of her (though, in <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Christianity" title="Eastern Christianity">Eastern Christianity</a> she is referred to as "<a href="/wiki/Equal-to-apostles" title="Equal-to-apostles">Equal to the Apostles</a>"). Later tradition, however, names her as an "apostle to the apostles". King writes that the strength of this literary tradition makes it possible to suggest that historically Mary was a prophetic visionary and leader within one sector of the early Christian movement after the death of Jesus.<sup id="cite_ref-King_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-King-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Asbury_Theological_Seminary" title="Asbury Theological Seminary">Asbury Theological Seminary</a> Bible scholar <a href="/wiki/Ben_Witherington_III" title="Ben Witherington III">Ben Witherington III</a> confirms the New Testament account of Mary Magdalene as historical: "Mary was an important early disciple and witness for Jesus."<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He continues, "There is absolutely no early historical evidence that Miriam's (Mary's) relationship with Jesus was anything other than that of a disciple to her Master teacher." </p><p><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_J._Kripal" title="Jeffrey J. Kripal">Jeffrey Kripal</a>, Chair of <a href="/wiki/Rice_University" title="Rice University">Rice University</a>'s Department of Religious Studies, writes that Christian <a href="/wiki/Gnosticism" title="Gnosticism">Gnostic</a> texts put Mary Magdalene in a central position of authority, but these texts were excluded from <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/orthodox" class="extiw" title="wikt:orthodox">orthodox</a> <a href="/wiki/Biblical_canon" title="Biblical canon">Biblical canons</a>. Kripal describes Mary Magdalene as a tragic figure who maintained an important role later diminished by the male church leadership.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kripal explains that gnostic texts suggest an intimate, possibly sexual relationship between Jesus and Mary Magdalene, but that Jesus's sexuality is absolutely ambiguous based on the available evidence: "The historical sources are simply too contradictory and simultaneously too silent on the matter".<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to Kripal, the gnostic texts "consistently [present] Mary as an inspired visionary, as a potent spiritual guide, as Jesus' intimate companion, even as the interpreter of his teaching".<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kripal writes that theologies of the European Middle Ages likely invented the notion of a sexual relationship between Mary Magdalene and Jesus: "The <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">medieval</a> <a href="/wiki/Catharism" title="Catharism">Catharists</a> and <a href="/wiki/Catharism" title="Catharism">Albigensians</a>, for example, held that Mary was Jesus's concubine. The great <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestant</a> reformer <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther" title="Martin Luther">Martin Luther</a> also assumed a sexual relationship between the two, perhaps to give some historical precedent for his own dramatic rejection of Catholic <a href="/wiki/Celibacy" title="Celibacy">celibacy</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_woman_taken_in_adultery">The woman taken in adultery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jesus%27s_interactions_with_women&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: The woman taken in adultery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Jesus_and_the_woman_taken_in_adultery" title="Jesus and the woman taken in adultery">Jesus and the woman taken in adultery</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lorenzo_Lotto_-_The_adulterous_woman_-_Louvre.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Lorenzo_Lotto_-_The_adulterous_woman_-_Louvre.JPG/170px-Lorenzo_Lotto_-_The_adulterous_woman_-_Louvre.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Lorenzo_Lotto_-_The_adulterous_woman_-_Louvre.JPG/255px-Lorenzo_Lotto_-_The_adulterous_woman_-_Louvre.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Lorenzo_Lotto_-_The_adulterous_woman_-_Louvre.JPG/340px-Lorenzo_Lotto_-_The_adulterous_woman_-_Louvre.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2306" data-file-height="1763" /></a><figcaption><i>The Woman Taken in Adultery</i>, 1520s by <a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Lotto" title="Lorenzo Lotto">Lorenzo Lotto</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The story of the woman taken in adultery is found only in the Gospel of John. In the story, Jesus was teaching in the Temple in Jerusalem. Some scribes and Pharisees interrupted his teaching as they brought in a woman who had been taken in the very act of adultery.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They stood her before him, declared the charge, reminded him of Moses' command that such women be stoned; the law speaks of the death of both the man and the woman involved<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (though the man was not brought in along with the woman). </p><p>The Pharisees asked Jesus his opinion on what to do about the woman's adultery; if he expressed a lax opinion, then he would be condemned for his dismissal of Mosaic law, but if he expressed the opinion the Pharisees shared – that the woman should be stoned – then they would prevail. After a time of silence, Jesus stooped down and wrote with his finger on the ground. It was unlawful to write even two letters on the Sabbath, but writing with dust was permissible.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The text includes no hint of what he wrote. Finally, Jesus stood up and <a href="/wiki/Tu_quoque" title="Tu quoque">said to the accusers</a>; "Let the one among you who is without sin cast the first stone." He stooped down once more and again wrote on the ground. In his answer Jesus did not condone adultery. He compelled her accusers to judge themselves and find themselves guilty—of this sin and/or others. No one could pass the test, and they slipped out one by one, beginning with the eldest. </p><p>When Jesus and the woman were finally alone, he asked her, "Woman, where are they? Did no one condemn you?" She simply replied, "No one, Lord." Jesus says to her, "Neither do I condemn you. Go, and from now on no longer sin."<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Augustine, commenting on this passage, opines that "Here is mercy and righteousness. He condemned the sin and not the sinner."<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Expanding upon this, Jesus called her to a new life. While acknowledging that she had sinned, he turned her in a new direction with encouragement. Jesus rejected the <a href="/wiki/Double_standard" title="Double standard">double standard</a> for women and men and turned the judgment upon the male accusers. His manner with the sinful woman was such that she found herself challenged to a new self-understanding and a new life.<sup id="cite_ref-Staggs_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Staggs-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_woman_at_the_well_in_Samaria">The woman at the well in Samaria</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jesus%27s_interactions_with_women&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: The woman at the well in Samaria"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=John%204:1–42&version=nrsv">John 4:1–42</a> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:St_Photina.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/St_Photina.jpg/180px-St_Photina.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="246" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/St_Photina.jpg/270px-St_Photina.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1f/St_Photina.jpg 2x" data-file-width="293" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption>Orthodox <a href="/wiki/Icon" title="Icon">icon</a> of <a href="/wiki/Photina" class="mw-redirect" title="Photina">Photina</a>, the Samaritan woman, meeting Jesus by the well.</figcaption></figure> <p>The in-depth account about Jesus and the <a href="/wiki/Samaritan_Woman_at_the_Well" class="mw-redirect" title="Samaritan Woman at the Well">Samaritan Woman at the Well</a> is highly significant for understanding Jesus in several relationships: <a href="/wiki/Samaritan" class="mw-redirect" title="Samaritan">Samaritans</a>, women, and sinners. By talking openly with this woman, Jesus crossed a number of barriers which normally would have separated a Jewish teacher from such a person as this woman of Samaria. Jesus did three things that were highly unconventional and astonishing for his cultural-religious situation: </p> <ol><li>He as a man discussed <a href="/wiki/Theology" title="Theology">theology</a> openly with a woman.</li> <li>He as a Jew asked to drink from the <a href="/wiki/Ritually_unclean" class="mw-redirect" title="Ritually unclean">ritually unclean</a> bucket of a Samaritan.</li> <li>He did not avoid her, even though he knew her marital record of having had five former husbands and now living with a man who was not her husband.</li></ol> <p>The disciples showed their astonishment upon their return to the well: "They were marveling that he was talking with a woman.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A man in the <a href="/wiki/Jewish" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish">Jewish</a> world did not normally talk with a woman in public, not even with his own wife. For a <a href="/wiki/Rabbi" title="Rabbi">rabbi</a> to discuss theology with a woman was even more unconventional. Jesus did not defer to a woman simply because she was a woman. He did not hesitate to ask of the woman that she let him drink from her vessel, but he also did not hesitate to offer her a drink of another kind from a Jewish "bucket" as he said to her, "Salvation is of the Jews."<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Salvation" title="Salvation">Salvation</a> was coming to the Samaritan woman from the Jews, and culturally there was great enmity between the Jews and the Samaritans (considered a <a href="/wiki/Half-breed" title="Half-breed">half-breed</a> race by the Jews).<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although she was a Samaritan, she needed to be able to drink from a Jewish "vessel" (of salvation) and Jesus no more sanctioned Samaritan <a href="/wiki/Prejudice" title="Prejudice">prejudice</a> against Jew than Jewish prejudice against Samaritan. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>This is an event without precedent: that a woman, and what is more a "sinful woman", becomes a "disciple" of Christ. Indeed, once taught, she proclaims Christ to the inhabitants of Samaria so that they too receive him with faith. This is an unprecedented event, if one remembers the usual way women were treated by those who were teachers in Israel; whereas in Jesus of Nazareth's way of acting such an event becomes normal.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">Pope John Paul II</a><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <p>The key to Jesus's stance is found in his perceiving persons as persons. He saw the stranger at the well as someone who first and foremost was a <i>person</i>—not primarily a Samaritan, a woman, or a sinner. This evangelized woman became an <a href="/wiki/Evangelism" title="Evangelism">evangelist</a>. She introduced her community to "a man" whom they came to acclaim as "the <a href="/wiki/Redeemer_(Christianity)" title="Redeemer (Christianity)">Savior</a> of the world."<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jesus liberated this woman and awakened her to a new life in which not only did she receive but also gave. The Bible says she brought "many Samaritans" to faith in Christ.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> If the men in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=John%201&version=nrsv">John 1</a> were the first "soul winners", this woman was the first "evangelist" in John's gospel.<sup id="cite_ref-Staggs_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Staggs-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_woman_from_Syrophoenicia">The woman from Syrophoenicia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jesus%27s_interactions_with_women&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: The woman from Syrophoenicia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Exorcism_of_the_Syrophoenician_woman%27s_daughter" title="Exorcism of the Syrophoenician woman's daughter">Exorcism of the Syrophoenician woman's daughter</a></div> <dl><dt><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Matthew%2015:21–28&version=nrsv">Matthew 15:21–28</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Mark%207:24–30&version=nrsv">Mark 7:24–30</a></dt></dl> <p>This incident is unlike any other in the canonical Gospels. <a href="/wiki/Canaanite_woman" class="mw-redirect" title="Canaanite woman">The woman</a>, whose little daughter was possessed by an impure spirit, came and fell at his feet. The woman was a Greek, born in Syrian Phoenicia. She begged Jesus to drive the demon out of her daughter. Jesus seems harsh toward the woman as he first denies her request for help for her daughter. He also appears to be condescending and denigrating of her as he says, "First let the children be fed, for it is not fitting to take the bread of the children and throw it to the dogs."<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the context, "the children" seem to be Jews and "the dogs" Gentiles.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>She is identified as "a Greek, a Syrophoenician by race".<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The point is not that she is a woman, but that she is not Jewish, but a Gentile. "Dogs" was epithet of the day for Gentiles, and Jesus appears to be on the side of Jewish contempt for Gentiles. In both Mark and Matthew, non-Jews are likened to "dogs", and a woman deeply concerned for her daughter's condition is brushed off until she herself prevails in her discourse with Jesus.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>As to the manner of Jesus with women, he did not substitute uncritical deference for prejudice against women. He related to women as persons with words and dignity. In this story as elsewhere, Jesus is seen as capable of manifesting a critical stance toward woman, yet at the same time being respectful of her self-affirmation as she boldly countered his own remarks.<sup id="cite_ref-Staggs_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Staggs-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: p.115">: p.115 </span></sup> </p><p>Why Jesus appeared harsh to a disadvantaged person, and also seems to lose the brief spirited and incisive dialog with her is still debated among authorities. Several interpretations have been offered by theologians. </p><p>Evelyn and Frank Stagg suggest three possibilities: </p> <ol><li>Jesus could have been instructing his disciples, first assuming a familiar Jewish prejudice toward non-Jews, and then abandoning it as its unfairness was exposed. The story may have served as an object lesson about prejudice to his disciples as a barrier is broken down between Jews and Gentiles.</li> <li>Jesus may have been testing the woman's faith. Jesus's parting word to her is one of affirmation and acclaim. She passed his test.</li> <li>There may have been a deep struggle within Jesus as he dealt with the claims of both Jew and Gentile. He had openness to Jews who were outside of accepted circles (publicans, sinners, prostitutes). He also went out of his way to affirm Samaritans (for example, the woman at the well). As an ethnic group, Samaritans had mutual animosity with the Jews. It is clear that Jesus had to give himself unreservedly to Israel, and yet also to the rest of the world. Jesus may have been having a deep, honest struggle within himself over the claims of two worlds upon him.<sup id="cite_ref-Staggs_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Staggs-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: pp.113–115">: pp.113–115 </span></sup></li></ol> <p>Gilbert Bilezekian believes Jesus's seemingly indifferent attitude to the woman's plea and the strange dialogue that followed should not be interpreted as reluctance on his part to minister either to Gentiles or to a woman. He focuses on her faith, which Jesus later describes as "great".<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wanting her to state her understanding of his ministry, he drew out her convictions and provided an opportunity to teach a lesson of racial inclusiveness to his "intolerant disciples". She expressed her faith that Gentiles have a share in salvation, confessing that his messiahship transcends human segregations of Jew, Gentile, man or woman. She was his first convert in the "Gentile world".<sup id="cite_ref-GB_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GB-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: pp.100–101">: pp.100–101 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mary_and_Martha">Mary and Martha</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jesus%27s_interactions_with_women&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Mary and Martha"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Johannes_(Jan)_Vermeer_-_Christ_in_the_House_of_Martha_and_Mary_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Johannes_%28Jan%29_Vermeer_-_Christ_in_the_House_of_Martha_and_Mary_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/220px-Johannes_%28Jan%29_Vermeer_-_Christ_in_the_House_of_Martha_and_Mary_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="254" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Johannes_%28Jan%29_Vermeer_-_Christ_in_the_House_of_Martha_and_Mary_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/330px-Johannes_%28Jan%29_Vermeer_-_Christ_in_the_House_of_Martha_and_Mary_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Johannes_%28Jan%29_Vermeer_-_Christ_in_the_House_of_Martha_and_Mary_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/440px-Johannes_%28Jan%29_Vermeer_-_Christ_in_the_House_of_Martha_and_Mary_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3459" data-file-height="4001" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Christ_in_the_House_of_Martha_and_Mary_(Vermeer)" title="Christ in the House of Martha and Mary (Vermeer)"><i>Christ in the House of Martha and Mary</i></a> by <a href="/wiki/Jan_Vermeer" class="mw-redirect" title="Jan Vermeer">Jan Vermeer</a>, 1655</figcaption></figure> <p>Luke and John show that Jesus had a close relationship with the sisters <a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Bethany" title="Mary of Bethany">Mary of Bethany</a> and <a href="/wiki/Martha" title="Martha">Martha</a> who resided in <a href="/wiki/Bethany" title="Bethany">Bethany</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Staggs_1-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Staggs-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are featured in three major stories: </p> <ol><li>A tension between the two sisters over roles<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Grief at the death of their brother Lazarus, followed by his being raised,<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and</li> <li>Martha serving and Mary anointing Jesus (explicitly in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=John%2012:1–8&version=nrsv">John 12:1–8</a>); presumably in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Mark%2014:3–9&version=nrsv">Mark 14:3–9</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Matthew%2026:6–13&version=nrsv">Matthew 26:6–13</a>). See <a href="#The_anointing_in_Bethany">the anointing in Bethany</a>.</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kitchen_and_study">Kitchen and study</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jesus%27s_interactions_with_women&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Kitchen and study"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Luke%2010:38–42&version=nrsv">Luke 10:38–42</a></dt></dl> <p>Luke relates an occasion of tension during one of Jesus's visits to the home of Martha and Mary. While Martha prepared the meal, Mary sat at the feet of Jesus and "she was hearing his word."<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Martha became distracted and frustrated over having to serve the meal without any help from her sister. Finally she openly shared her feelings, stood over Jesus who was either seated or reclining, and complained: "She came to him and asked, "Lord, don't you care that my sister has left me to do the work by myself? Tell her to help me!" Jesus gently rebuked Martha for being so distracted and troubled over many things, when only one thing was necessary. "Martha, Martha," the Lord answered, "you are worried and upset about many things, but only one thing is needed. Mary has chosen what is better, and it will not be taken away from her."<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mary's choice was not a conventional one for Jewish women. She sat at the feet of Jesus and was listening to his teaching and religious instruction. Jewish women were not permitted to touch the Scriptures; they were not taught the Torah, although they were instructed in accordance with it for the proper regulation of their lives. A rabbi did not instruct a woman in the Torah. Mary choose the "good part", but Jesus related it to her in a teacher-discipleship relationship. He admitted her into "the study" and commended her for her choice. In the tradition of that day, women were excluded from the altar-oriented priestly ministry, and the exclusion encroached upon the Word-oriented ministry for women. Jesus reopened the Word-ministry for women. Mary was at least one of his students in theology. </p><p>Jesus vindicated Mary's rights to be her own person—to be Mary and not Martha. He showed his approval of a woman's right to opt for the study and not be compelled to be in the kitchen. Jesus established his own priorities in declaring, "Man shall not live by bread alone, but by every word proceeding out through the mouth of God.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Martha needed to be reminded of the priority of Word over bread. Luke's account of Jesus at the home of Mary and Martha puts Jesus solidly on the side of the recognition of the full personhood of woman, with the right to options for her own life. By socializing with both sisters and in defending Mary's right to a role then commonly denied to Jewish women, Jesus was following his far-reaching principle of human liberation.<sup id="cite_ref-Staggs_1-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Staggs-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_grieving_sisters">The grieving sisters</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jesus%27s_interactions_with_women&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: The grieving sisters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=John%2011:1–44&version=nrsv">John 11:1–44</a></dt></dl> <p>One of Jesus's most famous miracles was raising Lazarus from four days in the tomb. But it is also a striking reminder that while God works all things for the best, He doesn't always do it according to the schedules we expect.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Jesus's followers had given up hope after Lazarus' death, but Jesus had a plan to glorify God and heal Lazarus in a more spectacular way than anyone expected. The central figure, however, is Jesus, identified as "the resurrection and the life". When the brother of Mary and Martha became ill, they sent for Jesus. For some undisclosed reason, Jesus did not arrive until four days after Lazarus died. The grieving sisters, Martha first and then Mary, met Jesus. Jesus raised Lazarus from the dead and then proclaimed himself as "the resurrection and the life". Martha gently reproached Jesus, "Lord, had you been here, my brother would not have died." She hastened to express full confidence that God would grant whatever Jesus asked him to grant. Martha reflected a spiritual understanding beyond that required for preparing and serving a meal.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Apparently, Martha and not just Mary had benefited from the study. Mary stayed in the house until Jesus called for her. When Martha went to get her, Mary came quickly fell at Jesus's feet (Mary is at the feet of Jesus in every appearance recorded in John's gospel). She repeated the words Martha already had used: "Lord, had you been here my brother would not have died." Jesus was deeply moved upon seeing Mary and her friends weeping. They invited Jesus to come and see the tomb where Lazarus had been laid. Jesus burst into tears. The Jews standing by understood this as reflecting Jesus's love for Lazarus, "see how he loved him" (v. 36). The foursome of Jesus, Mary, Lazarus, and Martha had a close relationship as persons, with neither denial of gender differences nor preoccupation with it. Here were persons of both genders whose mutual respect, friendship and love carried them through experiences of tension, grief, and joy. Apparently Jesus was secure enough to develop such a relationship with two sisters and their brother without fear for his reputation. When necessary, he could oppose them without fear of chauvinism. Jesus had much to do with the liberation and growth of Martha and Mary.<sup id="cite_ref-Staggs_1-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Staggs-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the account of the raising of Lazarus, Jesus meets with the sisters in turn: Martha followed by Mary. Martha goes immediately to meet Jesus as he arrives, while Mary waits until she is called. As one commentator notes, "Martha, the more aggressive sister, went to meet Jesus, while quiet and contemplative Mary stayed home. This portrayal of the sisters agrees with that found in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Luke%2010:38–42&version=nrsv">Luke 10:38–42</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-Zondervan_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zondervan-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When Mary meets Jesus, she falls at his feet. In speaking with Jesus, both sisters lament that he did not arrive in time to prevent their brother's death: "Lord, if you had been here, my brother would not have died."<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But where Jesus's response to Martha is one of teaching calling her to hope and faith, his response to Mary is more emotional: "When Jesus saw her weeping, and the Jews who had come along with her also weeping, he was deeply moved in spirit and troubled.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the 17th-century British commentator <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Henry" title="Matthew Henry">Matthew Henry</a> notes, "Mary added no more, as Martha did; but it appears, by what follows, that what she fell short in words she made up in tears; she said less than Martha, but wept more."<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Women_who_anointed_Jesus">Women who anointed Jesus</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jesus%27s_interactions_with_women&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Women who anointed Jesus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Anointing_of_Jesus" title="Anointing of Jesus">Anointing of Jesus</a></div> <p>The Gospels present two stories of Jesus being anointed by a woman: (1) three accounts of his being anointed in Bethany, only John's account identifying Mary with the anointing; and (2) one account of Jesus being anointed by a sinful woman who definitely was neither Mary (of Mary and Martha) nor Mary Magdalene.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox Church</a> views Mary Magdalene, Mary of Bethany, and the "sinful woman" as three different individuals, and also maintains that Jesus was anointed on two different occasions: once by Mary of Bethany and once by the "sinful woman". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_anointings_in_Bethany">The anointings in Bethany</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jesus%27s_interactions_with_women&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: The anointings in Bethany"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Anointing_of_Jesus" title="Anointing of Jesus">Anointing of Jesus</a></div> <dl><dt><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Matthew%2026:6–13&version=nrsv">Matthew 26:6–13</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Mark%2014:3–9&version=nrsv">Mark 14:3–9</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=John%2012:1–8&version=nrsv">John 12:1–8</a></dt></dl> <p>Jesus is quoted in Matthew as assuring that the story of a woman's sacrificial love and devotion to him will have a place in the gospel wherever preached. Mary probably anticipated Jesus's death, but that is not certain. At least her beautiful deed gave Jesus needed support as he approached his awaited hour. Each of the two sisters Mary and Martha had their own way of ministering to Jesus: Martha, perhaps being more practical, served him a meal; Mary lavishly anointed him. </p><p>A narrative in which Mary of Bethany plays a central role (in at least one of the accounts) is the event reported by the <a href="/wiki/Synoptic_Gospels" title="Synoptic Gospels">Synoptic Gospels</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_John" title="Gospel of John">Gospel of John</a> in which a woman pours the entire contents of an <a href="/wiki/Alabastron" title="Alabastron">alabastron</a> of very expensive <a href="/wiki/Perfume" title="Perfume">perfume</a> over the head of Jesus. Only in the John account is the woman identified as Mary, with the earlier reference in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=John%2011:1–2&version=nrsv">Jn. 11:1–2</a> establishing her as the sister of Martha and Lazarus. The woman's name in not given in the Gospels of <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Matthew" title="Gospel of Matthew">Matthew</a><sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Mark" title="Gospel of Mark">Mark</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Mark's account, the perfume was the purest of <a href="/wiki/Spikenard" title="Spikenard">spikenard</a>. Some of the onlookers are angered because this expensive perfume could have been sold for a year's wages, which Mark enumerates as 300 <a href="/wiki/Denarius" title="Denarius">denarii</a>, and the money given to the poor. </p><p>The Gospel of Matthew states that the "disciples were indignant" and John's gospel states that it was <a href="/wiki/Judas_Iscariot" title="Judas Iscariot">Judas</a> who was most offended (which is explained by the narrator as being because Judas was a thief and desired the money for himself). In the accounts, Jesus justifies Mary's action by stating that they would always have the poor among them and would be able to help them whenever they desired, but that he would not always be with them. He says that her anointing was done to prepare him for his burial. "Mary seems to have been the only one who was sensitive to the impending death of Jesus and who was willing to give a material expression of her esteem for him. Jesus's reply shows his appreciation of her act of devotion."<sup id="cite_ref-Zondervan_75-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zondervan-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Easton (1897) noted that it would appear from the circumstances that the family of Lazarus possessed a family vault<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and that a large number of Jews from Jerusalem came to console them on the death of Lazarus,<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that this family at Bethany belonged to the wealthier class of the people. This may help explain how Mary of Bethany could afford to possess quantities of expensive perfume.<sup id="cite_ref-Easton_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Easton-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_anointing_by_a_repentant_sinner">The anointing by a repentant sinner</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jesus%27s_interactions_with_women&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: The anointing by a repentant sinner"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Parable_of_the_Two_Debtors" title="Parable of the Two Debtors">Parable of the Two Debtors</a></div> <dl><dt><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Luke%207:36–50&version=nrsv">Luke 7:36–50</a></dt></dl> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Luke" title="Gospel of Luke">Gospel of Luke</a>, Jesus is an invited guest in the home of Simon the Pharisee. All at the table were men. During the meal a woman known as "a sinner" entered the room and anointed Jesus's feet with her tears and with some ointment. Her tears fell upon his feet and she wiped them with her hair. </p><p>The Bible does not say whether she had encountered Jesus in person prior to this. Neither does the Bible disclose the nature of her sin. Women of the time had few options to support themselves financially; thus, her sin may have been prostitution. Had she been an adulteress, she would have been stoned. </p><p>When Jesus permitted her to express her love and appreciation to him as she did, the host rejected it contemptuously. At a minimum, this story shows the manner of Jesus with one sinful woman. His unconditional love for both saints and sinners may have been so well known that this woman had the courage to take this great risk to publicly express her love for him for seeing her not as a sex object to be exploited, but as a person of worth. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Women_who_ministered_with_Jesus">Women who ministered with Jesus</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jesus%27s_interactions_with_women&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Women who ministered with Jesus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Luke%208:1–3&version=nrsv">Luke 8:1–3</a></dt></dl> <p>Luke's gospel is unique in documenting that there were many women who benefited personally from Jesus's ministry, but who also ministered <i>to</i> him and <i>with</i> him—even to the point of accompanying him and the Twelve on evangelistic journeys. Most prominent among these is <a href="/wiki/Mary_Magdalene" title="Mary Magdalene">Mary Magdalene</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Staggs_1-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Staggs-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblica.com/bible/?osis=niv:Luke%208:1–3">Luke 8:1–3</a> in the Greek text is one long sentence. Its three main focal points are Jesus, the Twelve, and certain women. Jesus is traveling through cities and towns, preaching the Kingdom of God, evangelizing, and accompanied by the Twelve. Other than mentioning that the Twelve were with him, nothing more is said of them here. </p><p>The chief motive of the paragraph seems to be to bring into focus certain women, of whom there were "many". This passage presents them as recipients of healing at different levels of need, and also as actively participating with Jesus and the Twelve, accompanying them in their travels. Luke makes special reference to the financial support of these women to Jesus's ministry. He says there were many women. He points out that these included women who were prominent in the public life of the state as well as in the church. </p> <dl><dd><dl><dd>Luke's account specifies two categories of healing: evil spirits and infirmities. Jesus liberated and humanized people who otherwise were being enslaved or destroyed by forces within themselves and in society. Jesus healed many women of "evil spirits and infirmities". Only of <a href="/wiki/Mary_Magdalene" title="Mary Magdalene">Mary Magdalene</a> does Luke provide any detail of her healing, stating that "seven demons" had been cast out. Presumably these "many" women had been healed of various illnesses—physical, emotional, and mental. No specific data is provided on Mary Magdalene's "seven demons". It is significant that women whose conditions subjected them to scorn and penalty found in Jesus a Liberator who not only enabled them to find health, but who dignified them as full persons by accepting their own ministries to himself and to the Twelve.<sup id="cite_ref-Staggs_1-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Staggs-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>Thus, it is significant that women had such an open and prominent part in the ministry of Jesus. Luke's word for their "ministering" is widely used in the New Testament. Its noun cognate, <i>diakonos</i>, is variously translated "minister", "servant", and "deacon" (the latter for <a href="/wiki/Phoebe_(biblical_figure)" title="Phoebe (biblical figure)">Phoebe</a> in Romans 16:1 and in the pastoral letters). </p><p>In summary, Jesus attracted to his movement a large number of women, ranging from some in desperate need to some in official circles of government.<sup id="cite_ref-Staggs_1-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Staggs-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Jesus_on_family_relationships">Jesus on family relationships</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jesus%27s_interactions_with_women&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Jesus on family relationships"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jesus ate with a <a href="/wiki/Pharisee" class="mw-redirect" title="Pharisee">Pharisee</a> leader one evening. After instructing his host to include the most disadvantaged in his feasts, Jesus gave a parable of the many personal reasons why guests might refuse an invitation, including marriage and recent financial acquisitions.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jesus then addresses a great multitude and says, "If anyone comes to me and does not hate father and mother, wife and children, brothers and sisters—yes, even life itself—such a person cannot be my disciple."<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Various expositors suggest that "hate" is an example of <i>comparative hyperbolic biblical language</i>, prominent in some Eastern cultures even today, to imply "love less than you give me", "compared to Christ",<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Semitic idea of "lower preference", a call to count the cost of following Jesus.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When Jesus was told that his mother and brothers waited for him outside and wanted to speak to him, Jesus created a novel definition of family. He said to the people who were gathered to hear him speak, "Who is my mother? and who are my brethren? And he stretched forth his hand toward his disciples, and said, 'Behold my mother and my brethren! For whosoever shall do the will of my Father which is in heaven, the same is my brother, and sister, and mother.<span style="padding-right:.15em;">'</span>"<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Twelve_and_no_women_(and_no_Gentiles)"><span id="Twelve_and_no_women_.28and_no_Gentiles.29"></span>Twelve and no women (and no Gentiles)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jesus%27s_interactions_with_women&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Twelve and no women (and no Gentiles)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There were no women among the Twelve, and neither were there any Gentiles. All four listings in the New Testament of the names of the Twelve indicate that all of the Twelve were Jewish males: </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Matthew%2010:1–4&version=nrsv">Matthew 10:1–4</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Mark%203:13–19&version=nrsv">Mark 3:13–19</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Luke%206:12–16&version=nrsv">Luke 6:12–16</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Acts%201:13&version=nrsv">Acts 1:13</a></li></ul> <p>The names vary in the four lists, but their male identity is clear and is often cited as biblical evidence that pastors should all be male. The New Testament gives no clear answer why the example of Jesus in choosing his apostles is not a complete overcoming of male bias.<sup id="cite_ref-Staggs_1-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Staggs-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Several considerations may be placed alongside this one. Jesus advanced various principles that went beyond their immediate implementation. For example, he clearly repudiated the Jew–Samaritan antipathy, affirming not only his own Jewish kin but also the Samaritan. <i>Yet, there are no Samaritans among the Twelve.</i> Jesus affirmed both women and Samaritans as persons having the fullest right to identity, freedom, and responsibility, but for some undisclosed reason(s) he included neither women nor Gentiles in his close circle of the Twelve.<sup id="cite_ref-Staggs_1-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Staggs-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Perhaps custom here was so entrenched that Jesus simply stopped short of fully implementing a principle that he made explicit and emphatic: "Whoever does the will of God is my brother, and sister, and mother."<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By selecting 12 Jewish males, Jesus may have been offering a parallel to the 12 patriarchs or <a href="/wiki/12_tribes_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="12 tribes of Israel">12 tribes of Israel</a>, each headed by a son of <a href="/wiki/Jacob" title="Jacob">Jacob</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Staggs_1-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Staggs-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another possible explanation surrounds the purpose stated for his choosing the Twelve: "...so that they might be with him".<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were his constant companions day and night—except when he sent them out to preach. It was the custom for Jewish rabbis to have such an entourage of disciples. "Such close and sustained association with a member of the opposite sex would have given rise to defamatory rumor."<sup id="cite_ref-Starr_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Starr-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: p.174">: p.174 </span></sup> </p><p>However the restriction of the Twelve to Jewish men is to be accounted for, Jesus did introduce far-reaching principles which bore fruit even in a former rabbi, the Apostle Paul, who at least in vision could say, "There is not any Jew nor Greek, not any slave nor free, there is not male and female; for you are all one in Christ Jesus."<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Further, the inclusion of "many" women in the traveling company of Jesus represents a decisive move in the formation of a new community. The Twelve are all men and also are all Jews, but even at this point women "minister" to them.<sup id="cite_ref-Staggs_1-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Staggs-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Staggs' believe a likely explanation to be that Jesus began where he was, within the structures of Judaism as he knew it in his upbringing. His closest companions initially may have been Jews, men, and men of about his own age. He began there, but he did not stop there. Even in the early stages of his mission, women were becoming deeply involved at the power center of Jesus's movement.<sup id="cite_ref-Staggs_1-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Staggs-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Fulton_J._Sheen" title="Fulton J. Sheen">Fulton Sheen</a> wrote extensively on this subject and believed that Jesus preached to the Jews first because they were the people promised the Messiah. In the same way that they received the Good News first, before it was preached to the rest of the Gentile world, so too Jesus's 12 Apostles were all Jews. This did not bar Gentiles from being accepted into the Church, nor from being ordained. However, it is important to note that the choosing of women apostles would not have interfered with the preferential treatment of Jews in Jesus's mission, and the Church understands His choice to exclude women from the priesthood He founded to be divinely inspired and set for all time.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jesus%27s_interactions_with_women&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Female_disciples_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Female disciples of Jesus">Female disciples of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_feminism" title="Christian feminism">Christian feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myrrhbearers" title="Myrrhbearers">Myrrhbearers</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jesus%27s_interactions_with_women&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jesus often referred to women in this way; see <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=John%204:21&version=nrsv">John 4:21</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=John%208:10&version=nrsv">John 8:10</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=John%2020:13–15&version=nrsv">John 20:13–15</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">As in the <a href="/wiki/New_Living_Translation" title="New Living Translation">New Living Translation</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Century_Version" title="New Century Version">New Century Version</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Amplified_Bible" title="Amplified Bible">Amplified Bible</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jesus%27s_interactions_with_women&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Staggs-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Staggs_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Staggs_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Staggs_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Staggs_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Staggs_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Staggs_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Staggs_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Staggs_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Staggs_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Staggs_1-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Staggs_1-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Staggs_1-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Staggs_1-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Staggs_1-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Staggs_1-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Staggs_1-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Staggs_1-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Staggs_1-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Staggs_1-18"><sup><i><b>s</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Staggs_1-19"><sup><i><b>t</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Staggs_1-20"><sup><i><b>u</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Stagg, Evelyn and Frank. <i><a href="/wiki/Woman_in_the_World_of_Jesus" title="Woman in the World of Jesus">Woman in the World of Jesus</a></i>. Westminster John Knox Pr, 1978. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-664-24195-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-664-24195-7">978-0-664-24195-7</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GB-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GB_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GB_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GB_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GB_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GB_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GB_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GB_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bilezikian, Gilbert. <i>Beyond Sex Roles</i>. Baker, 1989. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8010-0885-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-8010-0885-9">0-8010-0885-9</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Starr-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Starr_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Starr_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Starr, Lee Anna. <i>The Bible Status of Woman</i>. Zarephath, N.J.: Pillar of Fire, 1955.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Mark%207:24–30&version=nrsv">Mark 7:24–30</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Matthew%2015:21–28&version=nrsv">Matthew 15:21–28</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-King-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-King_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-King_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-King_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">King, Karen I. "Women in Ancient Christianity: the New Discoveries." Public Broadcasting System (PBS) <i>Frontline: From Jesus to Christ—The First Christians</i>. Online: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/religion/first/women.html">https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/religion/first/women.html</a>. Accessed 01–11–2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Blevins-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Blevins_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Blevins, Carolyn DeArmond, <i>Women in Christian History: A Bibliography</i>. Macon, Georgia: Mercer University Press, 1995. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-86554-493-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-86554-493-X">0-86554-493-X</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Luke%208:1–3&version=nrsv">Luke 8:1–3</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-king-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-king_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">King, Karen L. "Women in Ancient Christianity: The New Discoveries". <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/religion/first/women.html">https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/religion/first/women.html</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bailey-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bailey_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bailey_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bailey, Kenneth E. "Women in the New Testament: A Middle Eastern Cultural View". <i>Theology Matters</i>. Jan/Feb 2000.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Matthew%2012:46–50&version=nrsv">Matthew 12:46–50</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Matthew%208:14–15&version=nrsv">Matthew 8:14–15</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Mark%201:30–31&version=nrsv">Mark 1:30–31</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Luke%204:38–39&version=nrsv">Luke 4:38–39</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Mark%205:27&version=nrsv">Mark 5:27</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Luke%208:47&version=nrsv">Luke 8:47</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Leviticus%2015:19–25&version=nrsv">Leviticus 15:19–25</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Mark%205:34&version=nrsv">Mark 5:34</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fontaine-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fontaine_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fontaine_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Carole_R._Fontaine" title="Carole R. Fontaine">Fontaine, Carole R.</a> (1996), "Disabilities and Illness in the Bible: A Feminist Perspective", written at Sheffield, U.K., in <a href="/wiki/Athalya_Brenner" title="Athalya Brenner">Athalya Brenner</a>, <i>A Feminist Companion to The Hebrew Bible in the New Testament</i> (1st ed.), Sheffield Academic Press</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Matthew%209:18&version=nrsv">Matthew 9:18</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Luke%207:11–17&version=nrsv">Luke 7:11–17</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=1%20Timothy%205:4&version=nrsv">1 Timothy 5:4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Luke%2013:10–17&version=nrsv">Luke 13:10–17</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Luke%2013:13&version=nrsv">Luke 13:13</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">cf. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Leviticus%2023:3&version=nrsv">Leviticus 23:3</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Luke%2013:15–16&version=nrsv">Luke 13:15–16</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Ben_Witherington_III" title="Ben Witherington III">Ben Witherington</a>, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xGePuntVBhgC&pg=PA39">Women in the Ministry of Jesus: A study of Jesus's attitudes to women and their roles as reflected in his earthly life</a></i>, Cambridge University Press, 1987, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-34781-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-34781-5">0-521-34781-5</a>, p. 39–41.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Joel_B._Green" title="Joel B. Green">Joel B. Green</a>, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wzRVN2S8cVgC&pg=PA527">The Gospel of Luke</a></i>, Eerdmans, 1997, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8028-2315-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-8028-2315-7">0-8028-2315-7</a>, p. 527.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=John%2011:1–44&version=nrsv">John 11:1–44</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Luke%207:11–17&version=nrsv">Luke 7:11–17</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Matthew%205:27–29&version=nrsv">Matthew 5:27–29</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Matthew%205:31–33&version=nrsv">Matthew 5:31–33</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Matthew%2028:8–10&version=nrsv">Mt. 28:8–10</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Luke%202:41–52&version=nrsv">Luke 2:41–52</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=John%202:4&version=nrsv">John 2:4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Luke%202:49&version=nrsv">Luke 2:49</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Matthew Henry's Concise Commentary</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.christnotes.org/commentary.php?com=mhc&b=43&c=2">http://www.christnotes.org/commentary.php?com=mhc&b=43&c=2</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(<a href="#CITEREFBechtel1996">Bechtel 1996</a>, p. 249)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=John%2019:27&version=nrsv">John 19:27</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">William Temple, <i>Readings in St John's Gospel</i>. London: MacMillan, 1961. p. 35,36</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=John%2019:26–27&version=nrsv">John 19:26–27</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Luke%208:2–3&version=nrsv">Luke 8:2–3</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Mark%2015:40&version=nrsv">Mark 15:40</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Matthew%2027:56&version=nrsv">Matthew 27:56</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=John%2019:25&version=nrsv">John 19:25</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Luke%2023:49&version=nrsv">Luke 23:49</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Mark%2016:9&version=nrsv">Mark 16:9</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Witherington, Ben III. "Mary, Mary, Extraordinary". <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.beliefnet.com/story/135/story_13503_1.html">http://www.beliefnet.com/story/135/story_13503_1.html</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080917181217/http://www.beliefnet.com/story/135/story_13503_1.html">Archived</a> 2008-09-17 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(<a href="#CITEREFKripal2006">Kripal 2006</a>, p. 51)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(<a href="#CITEREFKripal2006">Kripal 2006</a>, p. 50)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(<a href="#CITEREFKripal2006">Kripal 2006</a>, p. 52)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(<a href="#CITEREFKripal2006">Kripal 2006</a>, p. 52)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=John%207:53–8:11&version=nrsv">John 7:53–8:11</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Leviticus%2020:10&version=nrsv">Leviticus 20:10</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Deuteronomy%2022:22–24&version=nrsv">Deuteronomy 22:22–24</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">m. shabbat 7:2; 12:5</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=John%208:11&version=nrsv">John 8:11</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Augustine <i>In John</i> 33.6</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Jesus Forgives a Woman Taken in Adultery". InterVarsity Press New Testament Commentaries. Oct. 2, 2009: <<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.biblegateway.com/resources/commentaries/IVP-NT/John/Jesus-Forgives-Woman-Taken">http://www.biblegateway.com/resources/commentaries/IVP-NT/John/Jesus-Forgives-Woman-Taken</a>></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=John%204:27&version=nrsv">Jn. 4:27</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=John%204:22&version=nrsv">Jn. 4:22</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Deffinbaugh, Bob. "The Good Samaritan (Luke 10:25-37)." Bible.org. <<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://bible.org/seriespage/good-samaritan-luke-1025-37">https://bible.org/seriespage/good-samaritan-luke-1025-37</a>></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">John Paul II. <i>The </i>Dignity<i> and Genius of Women</i>. Love & Responsibility Foundation, Cold Spring, NY October 2003. Web: 17 Jan 2010 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catholicculture.com/Dignity_of_Women.pdf">John Paul II</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100215152611/http://catholicculture.com/Dignity_of_Women.pdf">Archived</a> 2010-02-15 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=John%204:42&version=nrsv">Jn. 4:42</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=John%204:39&version=nrsv">v.39</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Mark%207:27&version=nrsv">Mk. 7:27</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Mark%207:25&version=nrsv">Mk. 7:25</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Matthew%2015:28&version=nrsv">Matt. 15:28</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Luke%2010:38–42:&version=nrsv">Lk. 10:38–42)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=John%2011:1–44&version=nrsv">Jn. 11:1–44</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Luke%2010:39&version=nrsv">Lk. 10:39</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Luke%2010:41–42&version=nrsv">Lk. 10:41–42</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Matthew%204:4&version=nrsv">Mt. 4:4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Lazarus." Gospel.com. Oct. 2, 2009. <<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.gospel.com/topics/lazarus">http://www.gospel.com/topics/lazarus</a>></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=John%2011:21–27&version=nrsv">Jn. 11:21–27</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Zondervan-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Zondervan_75-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zondervan_75-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTenney" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Merrill_C._Tenney" title="Merrill C. Tenney">Tenney, Merrill C.</a> Kenneth L. Barker & John Kohlenberger III (ed.). <i>Zondervan NIV Bible Commentary</i>. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan Publishing House.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Zondervan+NIV+Bible+Commentary&rft.place=Grand+Rapids%2C+MI&rft.pub=Zondervan+Publishing+House&rft.aulast=Tenney&rft.aufirst=Merrill+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJesus%27s+interactions+with+women" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=John%2011:21&version=nrsv">Jn. 11:21,32</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=John%2011:33&version=nrsv">Jn. 11:33</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHenry1706" class="citation book cs1">Henry, Matthew (1706). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.studylight.org/com/mhc-com/"><i>Complete Commentary on the Whole Bible</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Complete+Commentary+on+the+Whole+Bible&rft.date=1706&rft.aulast=Henry&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.studylight.org%2Fcom%2Fmhc-com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJesus%27s+interactions+with+women" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Discussed in Van Til, Kent A. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://brill.publisher.ingentaconnect.com/content/brill/pent/2006/00000015/00000001/art00003">Three Anointings and One offering: The Sinful Woman in Luke 7.36-50</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120707154131/http://brill.publisher.ingentaconnect.com/content/brill/pent/2006/00000015/00000001/art00003">Archived</a> 2012-07-07 at <a href="/wiki/Archive.today" title="Archive.today">archive.today</a>, <a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Pentecostal_Theology" title="Journal of Pentecostal Theology">Journal of Pentecostal Theology</a>, Volume 15, Number 1, 2006, pp. 73-82(10). However, the author of this article does not himself hold to this view.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Matthew%2026:6–13&version=nrsv">26:6–13</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Mark%2014:3–9&version=nrsv">14:3–9</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=John%2011:38&version=nrsv">Jn. 11:38</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=John%2011:19&version=nrsv">11:19</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Easton-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Easton_84-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ccel.org/e/easton/ebd/ebd/T0002400.html#T0002428">"Mary"</a>, <a href="/wiki/Easton%27s_Bible_Dictionary" title="Easton's Bible Dictionary">Easton's Bible Dictionary</a>, 1897.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Luke%2014:18–20&version=nrsv">Lk. 14:18–20</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Luke%2014:26&version=nrsv">Lk. 14:26</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">John Wesley <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.christnotes.org/commentary.php?com=wes&b=42&c=14">http://www.christnotes.org/commentary.php?com=wes&b=42&c=14</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">John Darby <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.christnotes.org/commentary.php?com=drby&b=42&c=14">http://www.christnotes.org/commentary.php?com=drby&b=42&c=14</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Matthew%2012:48–50&version=nrsv">Mt. 12:48–50</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Mark%203:35&version=nrsv">Mk. 3:35</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Mark%203:14&version=nrsv">Mk. 3:14</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Galatians%203:28&version=nrsv">Gal. 3:28</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSheen,_Fulton_J._(Fulton_John)2020" class="citation book cs1">Sheen, Fulton J. (Fulton John) (September 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/oclc/1256385096"><i>Life of Christ</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-93-89716-30-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-93-89716-30-6"><bdi>978-93-89716-30-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1256385096">1256385096</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Life+of+Christ&rft.date=2020-09&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1256385096&rft.isbn=978-93-89716-30-6&rft.au=Sheen%2C+Fulton+J.+%28Fulton+John%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fworldcat.org%2Foclc%2F1256385096&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJesus%27s+interactions+with+women" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Works_cited">Works cited</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jesus%27s_interactions_with_women&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Works cited"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBechtel1996" class="citation book cs1">Bechtel, Lyn M. (1996). "A symbolic level of meaning: John 2.1-11 (The Marriage in Cana)". In Brenner-Idan, Athalya (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nAGwccCvvs8C"><i>Feminist Companion to the Hebrew Bible in the New Testament</i></a>. Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 241–255. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-567-24823-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-567-24823-7"><bdi>978-0-567-24823-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=A+symbolic+level+of+meaning%3A+John+2.1-11+%28The+Marriage+in+Cana%29&rft.btitle=Feminist+Companion+to+the+Hebrew+Bible+in+the+New+Testament&rft.pages=241-255&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-567-24823-7&rft.aulast=Bechtel&rft.aufirst=Lyn+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnAGwccCvvs8C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJesus%27s+interactions+with+women" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKripal2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_J._Kripal" title="Jeffrey J. Kripal">Kripal, Jeffrey J.</a> (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sPfgswEACAAJ"><i>The Serpent's Gift: Gnostic Reflections on the Study of Religion</i></a>. University of Chicago Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-226-45380-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-226-45380-4"><bdi>978-0-226-45380-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Serpent%27s+Gift%3A+Gnostic+Reflections+on+the+Study+of+Religion&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-226-45380-4&rft.aulast=Kripal&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsPfgswEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJesus%27s+interactions+with+women" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Jesus" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Jesus_footer" title="Template:Jesus footer"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Jesus_footer" title="Template talk:Jesus footer"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Jesus_footer" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Jesus footer"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Jesus" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Jesus" title="Outline of Jesus">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Jesus-related_topics" title="List of Jesus-related topics">List of topics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chronology_of_Jesus" title="Chronology of Jesus">Chronology</a><br />of <a href="/wiki/Life_of_Jesus" title="Life of Jesus">Jesus's life</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Annunciation" title="Annunciation">Annunciation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_Jesus" title="Nativity of Jesus">Nativity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_birth_of_Jesus" title="Virgin birth of Jesus">Virgin birth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Date_of_the_birth_of_Jesus" title="Date of the birth of Jesus">Date of birth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flight_into_Egypt" title="Flight into Egypt">Flight into Egypt</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infancy_gospels" title="Infancy gospels">Infancy</a> (apocryphal)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unknown_years_of_Jesus" title="Unknown years of Jesus">Unknown years</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptism_of_Jesus" title="Baptism of Jesus">Baptism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temptation_of_Christ" title="Temptation of Christ">Temptation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostles_in_the_New_Testament" title="Apostles in the New Testament">Apostles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commissioning_of_the_Twelve_Apostles" title="Commissioning of the Twelve Apostles">Selecting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Commission" title="Great Commission">Great Commission</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Jesus" title="Ministry of Jesus">Ministry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disciple_(Christianity)" title="Disciple (Christianity)">Disciples</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sermon_on_the_Mount" title="Sermon on the Mount">Sermon on the Mount</a>/<a href="/wiki/Sermon_on_the_Plain" title="Sermon on the Plain">Plain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beatitudes" title="Beatitudes">Beatitudes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayers_of_Jesus" title="Prayers of Jesus">Prayers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lord%27s_Prayer" title="Lord's Prayer">Lord's Prayer</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parables_of_Jesus" title="Parables of Jesus">Parables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miracles_of_Jesus" title="Miracles of Jesus">Miracles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transfiguration_of_Jesus" title="Transfiguration of Jesus">Transfiguration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_of_Jesus" title="Homelessness of Jesus">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Commandment" title="Great Commandment">Great Commandment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olivet_Discourse" title="Olivet Discourse">Olivet Discourse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anointing_of_Jesus" title="Anointing of Jesus">Anointing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passion_of_Jesus" title="Passion of Jesus">Passion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triumphal_entry_into_Jerusalem" title="Triumphal entry into Jerusalem">Entry into Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Last_Supper" title="Last Supper">Last Supper</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Farewell_Discourse" title="Farewell Discourse">Farewell Discourse</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agony_in_the_Garden" title="Agony in the Garden">Agony in the Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiss_of_Judas" title="Kiss of Judas">Betrayal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrest_of_Jesus" title="Arrest of Jesus">Arrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanhedrin_trial_of_Jesus" title="Sanhedrin trial of Jesus">Trial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">Crucifixion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sayings_of_Jesus_on_the_cross" title="Sayings of Jesus on the cross">Sayings on the cross</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burial_of_Jesus" title="Burial of Jesus">Burial</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Jesus" title="Tomb of Jesus">Tomb</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus" title="Resurrection of Jesus">Resurrection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ascension_of_Jesus" title="Ascension of Jesus">Ascension</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gospel" title="Gospel">Gospels</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Matthew" title="Gospel of Matthew">Matthew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Mark" title="Gospel of Mark">Mark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Luke" title="Gospel of Luke">Luke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_John" title="Gospel of John">John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_Discourses_of_Matthew" title="Five Discourses of Matthew">Five Discourses of Matthew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_harmony" title="Gospel harmony">Gospel harmony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oral_gospel_traditions" title="Oral gospel traditions">Oral gospel traditions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_background_of_the_New_Testament" title="Historical background of the New Testament">Historical background of the New Testament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Testament_places_associated_with_Jesus" title="New Testament places associated with Jesus">New Testament places associated with Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Names_and_titles_of_Jesus_in_the_New_Testament" title="Names and titles of Jesus in the New Testament">Names and titles of Jesus in the New Testament</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Historicity_of_Jesus" title="Historicity of Jesus">Historicity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Historical_Jesus" title="Historical Jesus">Historical Jesus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quest_for_the_historical_Jesus" title="Quest for the historical Jesus">Quest for the historical Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sources_for_the_historicity_of_Jesus" title="Sources for the historicity of Jesus">Sources</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Josephus_on_Jesus" title="Josephus on Jesus">Josephus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tacitus_on_Jesus" title="Tacitus on Jesus">Tacitus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mara_bar_Serapion_on_Jesus" title="Mara bar Serapion on Jesus">Mara bar Serapion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_reliability_of_the_Gospels" title="Historical reliability of the Gospels">Gospels</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christ_myth_theory" title="Christ myth theory">Christ myth theory</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Depiction_of_Jesus" title="Depiction of Jesus">Depictions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_books_about_Jesus" title="List of books about Jesus">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christ_Child" title="Christ Child">Christ Child</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life_of_Christ_in_art" title="Life of Christ in art">Life of Christ in art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life_of_Christ_Museum" title="Life of Christ Museum">Life of Christ Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_statues_of_Jesus" title="List of statues of Jesus">Statues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transfiguration_of_Jesus_in_Christian_art" title="Transfiguration of Jesus in Christian art">Transfiguration</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Christianity" title="Jesus in Christianity">Christianity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christ_(title)" title="Christ (title)">Christ</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_1st_century" title="Christianity in the 1st century">1st century</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christology" title="Christology">Christology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Incarnation_(Christianity)" title="Incarnation (Christianity)">Incarnation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christology#Person_of_Christ" title="Christology">Person of Christ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-existence_of_Christ" title="Pre-existence of Christ">Pre-existence</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relics_associated_with_Jesus" title="Relics associated with Jesus">Relics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Coming" title="Second Coming">Second Coming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Session_of_Christ" title="Session of Christ">Session of Christ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_of_God_(Christianity)" title="Son of God (Christianity)">Son of God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmic_Christ" title="Cosmic Christ">Cosmic Christ</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religious_perspectives_on_Jesus" title="Religious perspectives on Jesus">In other faiths</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesuism" title="Jesuism">Jesuism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_comparative_mythology" title="Jesus in comparative mythology">In comparative mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_views_on_Jesus" title="Jewish views on Jesus">Judaism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_the_Talmud" title="Jesus in the Talmud">In the Talmud</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Islam" title="Jesus in Islam">Islam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Ahmadiyya_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesus in Ahmadiyya Islam">Ahmadiyya</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_perspectives_on_Jesus#Baháʼí_Faith" title="Religious perspectives on Jesus">Baháʼí Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Manichaeism" title="Jesus in Manichaeism">Manichaeism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Manichaeism" title="Jesus in Manichaeism">Jesus the Splendour</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Mandaeism" title="Jesus in Mandaeism">Mandaeism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_Jesus" title="Master Jesus">Master Jesus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Genealogy_of_Jesus" title="Genealogy of Jesus">Genealogies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_Jesus" title="Mary, mother of Jesus">Mary</a> (mother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph" title="Saint Joseph">Joseph</a> (legal father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Family" title="Holy Family">Holy Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiberius_Julius_Abdes_Pantera" title="Tiberius Julius Abdes Pantera">Panthera</a> (alleged father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brothers_of_Jesus" title="Brothers of Jesus">Brothers of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Kinship" title="Holy Kinship">Holy Kinship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Anne" title="Saint Anne">Anne</a> (traditional maternal grandmother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joachim" title="Joachim">Joachim</a> (traditional maternal grandfather)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heli_(biblical_figure)" title="Heli (biblical figure)">Heli</a> (paternal grandfather per Luke)</li> <li>Jacob (paternal grandfather per Matthew)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_bloodline" title="Jesus bloodline">Descendants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clopas" title="Clopas">Clopas</a> (traditional uncle)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Language_of_Jesus" title="Language of Jesus">Language of Jesus</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Interactions with women</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Magdalene" title="Mary Magdalene">Mary Magdalene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Bethany" title="Mary of Bethany">Mary, sister of Martha</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas" title="Christmas">Christmas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter" title="Easter">Easter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rejection_of_Jesus" title="Rejection of Jesus">Rejection of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Jesus" title="Criticism of Jesus">Criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mental_health_of_Jesus" title="Mental health of Jesus">Mental health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Race_and_appearance_of_Jesus" title="Race and appearance of Jesus">Race and appearance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_and_marital_status_of_Jesus" title="Sexuality and marital status of Jesus">Sexuality and marital status</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Jesus" title="Category:Jesus">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jesus%27s_interactions_with_women&oldid=1258432309">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jesus%27s_interactions_with_women&oldid=1258432309</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Christianity_and_women" title="Category:Christianity and women">Christianity and women</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1st-century_Christianity" title="Category:1st-century Christianity">1st-century Christianity</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Life_of_Jesus_in_the_New_Testament" title="Category:Life of Jesus in the New Testament">Life of Jesus in the New Testament</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Women_in_the_New_Testament" title="Category:Women in the New Testament">Women in the New Testament</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Gender_in_the_Bible" title="Category:Gender in the Bible">Gender in the Bible</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_archiveis_links" title="Category:Webarchive template archiveis links">Webarchive template archiveis links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_October_2024" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from October 2024">Articles with unsourced statements from October 2024</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 19 November 2024, at 18:21<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jesus%27s_interactions_with_women&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-6z6cl","wgBackendResponseTime":1450,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.006","walltime":"1.270","ppvisitednodes":{"value":8224,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":126989,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":8012,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":16,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":19,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":159110,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1047.010 1 -total"," 33.88% 354.728 2 Template:Reflist"," 14.89% 155.863 2 Template:Sidebar_with_collapsible_lists"," 13.02% 136.333 1 Template:Jesus"," 9.21% 96.470 12 Template:Rp"," 9.15% 95.775 1 Template:Short_description"," 8.67% 90.793 5 Template:Cite_book"," 8.38% 87.752 12 Template:R/superscript"," 7.65% 80.084 5 Template:Harv"," 6.63% 69.390 66 Template:Bibleverse"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.490","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":7714888,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"table#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\nanchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFBechtel1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHenry1706\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKripal2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSheen,_Fulton_J._(Fulton_John)2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTenney\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"'\\\"\"] = 1,\n [\"Bibleref2\"] = 21,\n [\"Bibleverse\"] = 66,\n [\"Blockquote\"] = 1,\n [\"Christianity and gender\"] = 1,\n [\"Citation needed\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 5,\n [\"Efn\"] = 2,\n [\"Em\"] = 4,\n [\"Harv\"] = 5,\n [\"ISBN\"] = 5,\n [\"Jesus\"] = 1,\n [\"Jesus footer\"] = 1,\n [\"Main\"] = 14,\n [\"Notelist\"] = 1,\n [\"Quote\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Rp\"] = 12,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 3,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-6z6cl","timestamp":"20241124153342","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Jesus's interactions with women","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jesus%27s_interactions_with_women","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1561077","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1561077","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2009-09-20T22:38:35Z","dateModified":"2024-11-19T18:21:15Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/a\/ab\/Albrecht_D%C3%BCrer%2C_Adam_and_Eve%2C_1504%2C_Engraving.jpg","headline":"aspect of the theological debate about Christianity and women"}</script> </body> </html>