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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Origin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Development_of_theory" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Development_of_theory"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Development of theory</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Development_of_theory-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Popularization_and_influence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Popularization_and_influence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Popularization and influence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Popularization_and_influence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Criticism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Criticism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Criticism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Criticism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Law" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Law"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Law</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Law-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Popular_music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Popular_music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Popular music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Popular_music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-General_and_cited_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_and_cited_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>General and cited references</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_and_cited_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" 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Available in 22 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-22" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">22 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A4%D9%84%D9%81" title="المؤلف – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="المؤلف" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B0" title="ওত্যর – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ওত্যর" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auteur" title="Auteur – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Auteur" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auteursk%C3%A1_teorie" title="Auteurská teorie – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Auteurská teorie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auteur" title="Auteur – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Auteur" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auteur-Theorie" title="Auteur-Theorie – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Auteur-Theorie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teor%C3%ADa_de_autor" title="Teoría de autor – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Teoría de autor" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%87_%D9%85%D8%A4%D9%84%D9%81" title="نظریه مؤلف – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نظریه مؤلف" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politique_des_auteurs" title="Politique des auteurs – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Politique des auteurs" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9E%91%EA%B0%80%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="작가주의 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="작가주의" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auteur" title="Auteur – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Auteur" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politica_degli_autori" title="Politica degli autori – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Politica degli autori" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%95%D7%98%D7%A8" title="תאוריית האוטר – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תאוריית האוטר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BD%9C%E5%AE%B6%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="作家主義 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="作家主義" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auteurteori" title="Auteurteori – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Auteurteori" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auteur" title="Auteur – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Auteur" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Теория авторского кино – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Теория авторского кино" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autorski_re%C5%BEiser" title="Autorski režiser – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Autorski režiser" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auteur" title="Auteur – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Auteur" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auteur_Teorisi" title="Auteur Teorisi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Auteur Teorisi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Теорія авторського кіно – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Теорія авторського кіно" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BD%9C%E8%80%85%E8%AE%BA" title="作者论 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="作者论" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q788514#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li 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class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Leader of a collaborative work comparable to the author of a book</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the band, see <a href="/wiki/The_Auteurs" title="The Auteurs">The Auteurs</a>.</div> <p> An <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><b>auteur</b></i></span> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/ɜːr/: 'ur' in 'fur'">ɜːr</span></span>/</a></span></span>; <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">French:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[otœʁ]</a></span>, <abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr> '<a href="/wiki/Author" title="Author">author</a>') is an artist with a distinctive approach, usually a <a href="/wiki/Film_director" title="Film director">film director</a> whose filmmaking control is so unbounded and personal that the director is likened to the "author" of the film,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESantas200218_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESantas200218-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> thus manifesting the director's unique style or thematic focus.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMinJooKwak200385_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMinJooKwak200385-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As an unnamed value, auteurism originated in French <a href="/wiki/Film_criticism" title="Film criticism">film criticism</a> of the late 1940s,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECaughie201322–34,_62–66_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECaughie201322–34,_62–66-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and derives from the critical approach of <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Bazin" title="André Bazin">André Bazin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Astruc" title="Alexandre Astruc">Alexandre Astruc</a>, whereas American critic <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Sarris" title="Andrew Sarris">Andrew Sarris</a> in 1962 called it <b>auteur theory</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-Britannica_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Yet the concept first appeared in French in 1955 when director <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Truffaut" title="François Truffaut">François Truffaut</a> termed it <i>policy of the authors</i>, and interpreted the films of some directors, like <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hitchcock" title="Alfred Hitchcock">Alfred Hitchcock</a>, as a body revealing recurring themes and preoccupations. </p><p>American actor <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Lewis" title="Jerry Lewis">Jerry Lewis</a> directed his own 1960 film <i><a href="/wiki/The_Bellboy" title="The Bellboy">The Bellboy</a></i> via sweeping control, and was praised for "personal genius". By 1970, the <a href="/wiki/New_Hollywood" title="New Hollywood">New Hollywood</a> era had emerged with studios granting directors broad leeway. <a href="/wiki/Pauline_Kael" title="Pauline Kael">Pauline Kael</a> argued, however, that "auteurs" rely on creativity of others, like cinematographers.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Georges_Sadoul" title="Georges Sadoul">Georges Sadoul</a> deemed a film's putative "author" could potentially even be an actor, but a film is indeed collaborative.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESadoulMorris1972_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESadoulMorris1972-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Aljean_Harmetz" title="Aljean Harmetz">Aljean Harmetz</a> cited major control even by film executives.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/David_Kipen" title="David Kipen">David Kipen</a>'s view of the screenwriter as indeed the main author is termed <i><a href="/wiki/Schreiber_theory" title="Schreiber theory">Schreiber theory</a></i>. In the 1980s, large failures prompted studios to reassert control. The auteur concept has also been applied to non-film directors, such as <a href="/wiki/Record_producer" title="Record producer">record producers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Video_game_designer" class="mw-redirect" title="Video game designer">video game designers</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Hideo_Kojima" title="Hideo Kojima">Hideo Kojima</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Film">Film</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Auteur&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Film"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origin">Origin</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Auteur&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Origin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Truffaut-BeauSerge.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Truffaut-BeauSerge.jpg/220px-Truffaut-BeauSerge.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Truffaut-BeauSerge.jpg/330px-Truffaut-BeauSerge.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Truffaut-BeauSerge.jpg/440px-Truffaut-BeauSerge.jpg 2x" data-file-width="954" data-file-height="1271" /></a><figcaption>Film director and critic <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Truffaut" title="François Truffaut">François Truffaut</a> in 1965</figcaption></figure> <p>Even before auteur theory, the director was considered the most important influence on a film. In Germany, an early film theorist, <a href="/wiki/Walter_Julius_Bloem" title="Walter Julius Bloem">Walter Julius Bloem</a>, explained that since filmmaking is an art geared toward popular culture, a film's immediate influence, the director, is viewed as the artist, whereas an earlier contributor, like the screenwriter, is viewed as an apprentice.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBloem1924_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBloem1924-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (March 2023)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <a href="/wiki/James_Agee" title="James Agee">James Agee</a>, a leading film critic of the 1940s, said that "the best films are personal ones, made by forceful directors".<sup id="cite_ref-:0_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Meanwhile, the French film critics <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Bazin" title="André Bazin">André Bazin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Roger_Leenhardt" title="Roger Leenhardt">Roger Leenhardt</a> described that directors, vitalizing films, depict the directors' own worldviews and impressions of the subject matter, as by varying lighting, camerawork, staging, editing, and so on.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompsonBordwell2010381–383_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompsonBordwell2010381–383-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Development_of_theory">Development of theory</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Auteur&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Development of theory"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As the <a href="/wiki/French_New_Wave" title="French New Wave">French New Wave</a> in cinema began, French magazine <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Cahiers_du_cin%C3%A9ma" class="mw-redirect" title="Cahiers du cinéma">Cahiers du cinéma</a></i></span>, founded in 1951, became a hub of discourse about directors' roles in cinema. In a 1954 essay,<sup id="cite_ref-certain_tendency_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-certain_tendency-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Truffaut" title="François Truffaut">François Truffaut</a> criticized the prevailing "Cinema of Quality" whereby directors, faithful to the script, merely adapt a literary novel. Truffaut described such a director as a <i>metteur en scene</i>, a mere "stager" who adds the performers and pictures.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompsonBordwell2010382_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompsonBordwell2010382-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To represent the view that directors who express their personality in their work make better films, Truffaut coined the phrase "la politique des auteurs", or "the policy of the authors".<sup id="cite_ref-auteurism_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auteurism-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He named eight writer-directors, <a href="/wiki/Jean_Renoir" title="Jean Renoir">Jean Renoir</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Bresson" title="Robert Bresson">Robert Bresson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean_Cocteau" title="Jean Cocteau">Jean Cocteau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Becker" title="Jacques Becker">Jacques Becker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abel_Gance" title="Abel Gance">Abel Gance</a>, <a href="/wiki/Max_Oph%C3%BCls" title="Max Ophüls">Max Ophüls</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Tati" title="Jacques Tati">Jacques Tati</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Roger_Leenhardt" title="Roger Leenhardt">Roger Leenhardt</a>, as examples of these "authors".<sup id="cite_ref-certain_tendency_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-certain_tendency-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Lewis" title="Jerry Lewis">Jerry Lewis</a>, an actor from the Hollywood studio system, directed his own 1960 film <i><a href="/wiki/The_Bellboy" title="The Bellboy">The Bellboy</a></i>. Lewis's influence on it spanned business and creative roles, including writing, directing, lighting, editing, and art direction. French film critics, publishing in <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Cahiers_du_Cin%C3%A9ma" title="Cahiers du Cinéma">Cahiers du Cinéma</a></i></span> and in <i><a href="/wiki/Positif_(magazine)" title="Positif (magazine)">Positif</a></i>, praised Lewis's results. For his <i><a href="/wiki/Mise-en-scene" class="mw-redirect" title="Mise-en-scene">mise-en-scene</a></i> and camerawork, Lewis was likened to <a href="/wiki/Howard_Hawks" title="Howard Hawks">Howard Hawks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hitchcock" title="Alfred Hitchcock">Alfred Hitchcock</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Satyajit_Ray" title="Satyajit Ray">Satyajit Ray</a>. In particular, <a href="/wiki/Jean-Luc_Godard" title="Jean-Luc Godard">Jean-Luc Godard</a> credited Lewis's "personal genius" for making him "the only one in Hollywood doing something different, the only one who isn't falling in with the established categories, the norms, the principles", "the only one today who's making courageous films".<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Popularization_and_influence">Popularization and influence</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Auteur&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Popularization and influence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As early as his 1962 essay "Notes on the auteur theory", published in the journal <i><a href="/wiki/Film_Culture" title="Film Culture">Film Culture</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> American film critic <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Sarris" title="Andrew Sarris">Andrew Sarris</a> translated the French term <i>la politique des auteurs</i>, by <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Truffaut" title="François Truffaut">François Truffaut</a> in 1955, into Sarris's term <i>auteur theory</i>. Sarris applied it to Hollywood films, and elaborated in his 1968 book, <i><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Sarris" title="Andrew Sarris">The American Cinema: Directors and Directions 1929–1968</a></i>, which helped popularize the English term. </p><p>Via auteur theory, critical and public scrutiny of films shifted from their stars to the overall creation.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 1960s and the 1970s, a new generation of directors, revitalizing filmmaking by wielding greater control, manifested the <a href="/wiki/New_Hollywood" title="New Hollywood">New Hollywood</a> era,<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-time.com_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-time.com-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> when studios granted directors more leeway to take risks.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Yet in the 1980s, upon high-profile failures like <i><a href="/wiki/Heaven%27s_Gate_(film)" title="Heaven's Gate (film)">Heaven's Gate</a></i>, studios reasserted control, muting the auteur theory.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Criticism">Criticism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Auteur&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Criticism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Pauline_Kael" title="Pauline Kael">Pauline Kael</a>, an early critic of auteur theory,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> debated Andrew Sarris in magazines.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Defending a film as a collaboration, her 1971 essay "<a href="/wiki/Raising_Kane" title="Raising Kane">Raising Kane</a>", examining <a href="/wiki/Orson_Welles" title="Orson Welles">Orson Welles</a>'s 1941 film <i><a href="/wiki/Citizen_Kane" title="Citizen Kane">Citizen Kane</a></i>, finds extensive reliance on co-writer <a href="/wiki/Herman_J._Mankiewicz" title="Herman J. Mankiewicz">Herman J. Mankiewicz</a> and on cinematographer <a href="/wiki/Gregg_Toland" title="Gregg Toland">Gregg Toland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Richard_Corliss" title="Richard Corliss">Richard Corliss</a> and <a href="/wiki/David_Kipen" title="David Kipen">David Kipen</a> argued that a film's success relies more on screenwriting.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-corliss-obit_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-corliss-obit-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2006, to depict the screenwriter as the film's principal author, Kipen coined the term <i><a href="/wiki/Schreiber_theory" title="Schreiber theory">Schreiber theory</a></i>. </p><p>To film historian <a href="/wiki/Georges_Sadoul" title="Georges Sadoul">Georges Sadoul</a>, a film's main "author" can also be an actor, screenwriter, producer, or novel's author, although a <i>film</i> is a collective's work.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESadoulMorris1972_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESadoulMorris1972-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Film historian <a href="/wiki/Aljean_Harmetz" title="Aljean Harmetz">Aljean Harmetz</a>, citing classical Hollywood's input by producers and executives, held that auteur theory "collapses against the reality of the <a href="/wiki/Studio_system" title="Studio system">studio system</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-:3_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2013, <a href="/wiki/Maria_Giese" title="Maria Giese">Maria Giese</a> critiqued the lack of American women who are considered to be within the pantheon of auteur directors.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She argues that there is no shortage of non-American women directors that could be considered auteurs, and lists <a href="/wiki/Andrea_Arnold" title="Andrea Arnold">Andrea Arnold</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jane_Campion" title="Jane Campion">Jane Campion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liliana_Cavani" title="Liliana Cavani">Liliana Cavani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Claire_Denis" title="Claire Denis">Claire Denis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marleen_Gorris" title="Marleen Gorris">Marleen Gorris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Agnieszka_Holland" title="Agnieszka Holland">Agnieszka Holland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lynne_Ramsay" title="Lynne Ramsay">Lynne Ramsay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Agn%C3%A8s_Varda" title="Agnès Varda">Agnes Varda,</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lina_Wertm%C3%BCller" title="Lina Wertmüller">Lina Wertmuller</a> as being among them, but goes on to say that women are rarely afforded financing for films in the United States. Giese argues women in the US are rarely allowed to direct unless they are already celebrities, and that they are rarely afforded proper budgets. She cites <a href="/wiki/Celluloid_ceiling" title="Celluloid ceiling">women as making up less than 5% of American feature film directors</a>, while the Hollywood Reporter stated that only about 7% of directors were women among the 250 highest-grossing films in 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Law">Law</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Auteur&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Law"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In some law references, a film is treated as artwork while the auteur, as its creator, is the original copyright holder. Under <a href="/wiki/European_Union_law" class="mw-redirect" title="European Union law">European Union law</a>, largely by influence of auteur theory, a film director is considered the film's author or one of its authors.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKamina2002153_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKamina2002153-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Popular_music">Popular music</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Auteur&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Popular music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Art_pop" title="Art pop">Art pop</a> and <a href="/wiki/Recording_studio_as_an_instrument" title="Recording studio as an instrument">Recording studio as an instrument</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Phil_Spector.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Phil_Spector.jpg/150px-Phil_Spector.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Phil_Spector.jpg/225px-Phil_Spector.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1d/Phil_Spector.jpg 2x" data-file-width="239" data-file-height="367" /></a><figcaption>Record producer <a href="/wiki/Phil_Spector" title="Phil Spector">Phil Spector</a> in 1964</figcaption></figure> <p>The references of auteur theory are occasionally applied to musicians, musical performers, and music producers. From the 1960s, record producer <a href="/wiki/Phil_Spector" title="Phil Spector">Phil Spector</a> is considered the first auteur among producers of popular music.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEisenberg2005103_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEisenberg2005103-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBannister200738_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBannister200738-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Author Matthew Bannister named him the first "star" producer.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBannister200738_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBannister200738-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Journalist <a href="/wiki/Richard_Williams_(journalist)" title="Richard Williams (journalist)">Richard Williams</a> wrote: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Spector created a new concept: the producer as overall director of the creative process, from beginning to end. He took control of everything, he picked the artists, wrote or chose the material, supervised the arrangements, told the singers how to phrase, masterminded all phases of the recording process with the most painful attention to detail, and released the result on his own label.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilliams200315–16_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliams200315–16-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Another early <a href="/wiki/Pop_music" title="Pop music">pop music</a> <i>auteur</i> was <a href="/wiki/Brian_Wilson" title="Brian Wilson">Brian Wilson</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmondson2013890_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdmondson2013890-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> mentored by Spector.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECoganClark200332–33_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECoganClark200332–33-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1962, Wilson's band, <a href="/wiki/The_Beach_Boys" title="The Beach Boys">the Beach Boys</a>, signed to <a href="/wiki/Capitol_Records" title="Capitol Records">Capitol Records</a> and swiftly became a commercial success, whereby Wilson was an early recording artist who was also an entrepreneurial producer.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEButler2012225_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEButler2012225-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Before the "<a href="/wiki/Progressive_pop" title="Progressive pop">progressive pop</a>" of the late 1960s, performers typically had little input on their own records.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWillis2014217_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWillis2014217-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wilson, however, employed the studio like an instrument,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECoganClark200332–33_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECoganClark200332–33-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as a high level of studio control<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiller1992193_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiller1992193-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that other artists soon sought.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmondson2013890_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdmondson2013890-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to <i><a href="/wiki/The_Atlantic" title="The Atlantic">The Atlantic</a></i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s Jason Guriel, the Beach Boys' 1966 album <i><a href="/wiki/Pet_Sounds" title="Pet Sounds">Pet Sounds</a></i>, produced by Wilson, anticipated later auteurs such as <a href="/wiki/Kanye_West" title="Kanye West">Kanye West</a>, as well as "the rise of the producer" and "the modern pop-centric era, which privileges producer over artist and blurs the line between entertainment and art. ... Anytime a band or musician disappears into a studio to contrive an album-length mystery, the ghost of Wilson is hovering near."<sup id="cite_ref-Guriel2016_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guriel2016-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Auteur&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Video-x-generic.svg/28px-Video-x-generic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Video-x-generic.svg/42px-Video-x-generic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Video-x-generic.svg/56px-Video-x-generic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Film" title="Portal:Film">Film portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Authenticity_in_art" title="Authenticity in art">Authenticity in art</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Film_d%27auteur" title="Film d'auteur">Film d'auteur</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_mort_de_l%27auteur" class="mw-redirect" title="La mort de l'auteur">La mort de l'auteur</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_film_auteurs" title="List of film auteurs">List of film auteurs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_film" title="Philosophy of film">Philosophy of film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulgar_auteurism" title="Vulgar auteurism">Vulgar auteurism</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Citations">Citations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Auteur&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESantas200218-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESantas200218_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSantas2002">Santas 2002</a>, p. 18.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMinJooKwak200385-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMinJooKwak200385_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMinJooKwak2003">Min, Joo & Kwak 2003</a>, p. 85.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECaughie201322–34,_62–66-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECaughie201322–34,_62–66_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCaughie2013">Caughie 2013</a>, pp. 22–34, 62–66.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Britannica-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Britannica_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/art/auteur-theory">"Auteur theory"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. n.d.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Auteur+theory&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fart%2Fauteur-theory&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuteur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSarris1962–1963" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Sarris" title="Andrew Sarris">Sarris, Andrew</a> (Winter 1962–1963). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200726115912/https://dramaandfilm.qwriting.qc.cuny.edu/files/2011/06/Sarris-Notes-on-the-Auteur-Theory.pdf">"Notes on the Auteur Theory in 1962"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Film Culture</i>. <b>27</b>: 1–8. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dramaandfilm.qwriting.qc.cuny.edu/files/2011/06/Sarris-Notes-on-the-Auteur-Theory.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2020-07-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-04-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Film+Culture&rft.atitle=Notes+on+the+Auteur+Theory+in+1962&rft.ssn=winter&rft.volume=27&rft.pages=1-8&rft.date=1962%2F1963&rft.aulast=Sarris&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdramaandfilm.qwriting.qc.cuny.edu%2Ffiles%2F2011%2F06%2FSarris-Notes-on-the-Auteur-Theory.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuteur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:1_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200726124302/https://filmmakeriq.com/lessons/beginning-auteur-theory/">The Beginning of the Auteur Theory * Filmmaker IQ</a> Archived 2020-07-26 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081011002555/http://www.observer.com/node/44957">"Pauline and Me: Farewell, My Lovely | The New York Observer"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Observer" title="The New York Observer">The New York Observer</a></i>. October 11, 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.observer.com/node/44957">the original</a> on 2008-10-11.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Observer&rft.atitle=Pauline+and+Me%3A+Farewell%2C+My+Lovely+%26%23124%3B+The+New+York+Observer&rft.date=2008-10-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.observer.com%2Fnode%2F44957&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuteur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESadoulMorris1972-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESadoulMorris1972_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESadoulMorris1972_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSadoulMorris1972">Sadoul & Morris 1972</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Aljean Harmetz, <i>Round up the Usual Suspects</i>, p. 29.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ign.com/articles/2013/07/26/the-architects-video-gamings-auteurs">The Architects: Video Gaming's Auteurs - IGN</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBloem1924-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBloem1924_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBloem1924">Bloem 1924</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBattaglia2010" class="citation thesis cs1">Battaglia, James (May 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://soar.suny.edu/handle/20.500.12648/6777"><i>Everyone's a Critic: Film Criticism Through History and Into the Digital Age</i></a> (Senior honors thesis). The College at Brockport. p. 32. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12648%2F6777">20.500.12648/6777</a> – via SUNY Open Access Repository.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Everyone%27s+a+Critic%3A+Film+Criticism+Through+History+and+Into+the+Digital+Age&rft.inst=The+College+at+Brockport&rft.date=2010-05&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F20.500.12648%2F6777&rft.aulast=Battaglia&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsoar.suny.edu%2Fhandle%2F20.500.12648%2F6777&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuteur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompsonBordwell2010381–383-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompsonBordwell2010381–383_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThompsonBordwell2010">Thompson & Bordwell 2010</a>, pp. 381–383.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-certain_tendency-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-certain_tendency_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-certain_tendency_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTruffaut1954" class="citation journal cs1">Truffaut, François (1954). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newwavefilm.com/about/a-certain-tendency-of-french-cinema-truffaut.shtml">"<i>Une certaine tendance du cinéma français</i> ("A certain tendency in French cinema")"</a>. <i>Cahiers du Cinéma</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cahiers+du+Cin%C3%A9ma&rft.atitle=Une+certaine+tendance+du+cin%C3%A9ma+fran%C3%A7ais+%28%22A+certain+tendency+in+French+cinema%22%29&rft.date=1954&rft.aulast=Truffaut&rft.aufirst=Fran%C3%A7ois&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newwavefilm.com%2Fabout%2Fa-certain-tendency-of-french-cinema-truffaut.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuteur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompsonBordwell2010382-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompsonBordwell2010382_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThompsonBordwell2010">Thompson & Bordwell 2010</a>, p. 382.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auteurism-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-auteurism_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tvcrit.org/Classes/Jbutler/T440/AuteurTheory.php">"Evolution of the Auteur Theory"</a>. <i>The University of Alabama</i>. 2020-02-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-05-31</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+University+of+Alabama&rft.atitle=Evolution+of+the+Auteur+Theory&rft.date=2020-02-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftvcrit.org%2FClasses%2FJbutler%2FT440%2FAuteurTheory.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuteur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJim_Hillier1987" class="citation book cs1">Jim Hillier, ed. (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cahiersducinema10000unse/page/295/mode/2up"><i>Cahiers du Cinema 1960–1968 New Wave, New Cinema, Re-evalutating Hollywood (Godard in interview with Jacques Bontemps, Jean-Louis Comolli, Michel Delahaye, and Jean Narboni)</i></a>. Harvard University Press. p. 295. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780674090620" title="Special:BookSources/9780674090620"><bdi>9780674090620</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cahiers+du+Cinema+1960%E2%80%931968+New+Wave%2C+New+Cinema%2C+Re-evalutating+Hollywood+%28Godard+in+interview+with+Jacques+Bontemps%2C+Jean-Louis+Comolli%2C+Michel+Delahaye%2C+and+Jean+Narboni%29&rft.pages=295&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=9780674090620&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcahiersducinema10000unse%2Fpage%2F295%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuteur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSarris1962–1963" class="citation journal cs1">Sarris, Andrew (Winter 1962–1963). "Notes on the auteur theory in 1962". <i>Film Culture</i>. <b>27</b>: 1–8.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Film+Culture&rft.atitle=Notes+on+the+auteur+theory+in+1962&rft.ssn=winter&rft.volume=27&rft.pages=1-8&rft.date=1962%2F1963&rft.aulast=Sarris&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuteur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">David A Cook, "Auteur Cinema and the film generation in 70s Hollywood", in <i>The New American Cinema</i> by Jon Lewis (ed), Duke University Press, New York, 1998, pp. 1–4</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-time.com-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-time.com_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stefan Kanfer, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110421081549/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,844256-7,00.html">"The Shock of Freedom in Films"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i>, December 8, 1967, Accessed 25 April 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4F1qPwAACAAJ">Film Theory Goes to the Movies - Google Books (pgs. 14-16)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBach1999" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Steven_Bach" title="Steven Bach">Bach, Steven</a> (1999). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/finalcutartmoney00bach"><i>Final Cut: Art, Money, and Ego in the Making of Heaven's Gate, the Film that Sank United Artists</i></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Newmarket_Press" title="Newmarket Press">Newmarket Press</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/finalcutartmoney00bach/page/6">6</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781557043740" title="Special:BookSources/9781557043740"><bdi>9781557043740</bdi></a>. <q>heaven's gate april 16 1979.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Final+Cut%3A+Art%2C+Money%2C+and+Ego+in+the+Making+of+Heaven%27s+Gate%2C+the+Film+that+Sank+United+Artists&rft.pages=6&rft.pub=Newmarket+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=9781557043740&rft.aulast=Bach&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffinalcutartmoney00bach&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuteur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V7pUs-9C-gY">"Tommy Wiseau: The Last Auteur - Brows Held High"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211102/V7pUs-9C-gY">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-11-02 – via www.youtube.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tommy+Wiseau%3A+The+Last+Auteur+-+Brows+Held+High&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DV7pUs-9C-gY&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuteur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/Sarris_Andrew_The_Auteur_Theory">"Sarris, Andrew The Auteur Theory"</a> – via Internet Archive.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sarris%2C+Andrew+The+Auteur+Theory&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FSarris_Andrew_The_Auteur_Theory&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuteur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wbur.org/news/2020/02/21/documentary-what-she-said-the-art-of-pauline-kael-review">Documentary 'What She Said: The Art Of Pauline Kael' Is 'Just Not Very Good' - WBUR</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPowell2009" class="citation news cs1">Powell, Michael (9 July 2009). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2009/07/12/movies/12powe.html">"A Survivor of Film Criticism's Heroic Age"</a></span>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180709064952/https://www.nytimes.com/2009/07/12/movies/12powe.html">Archived</a> from the original on 9 July 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=A+Survivor+of+Film+Criticism%27s+Heroic+Age&rft.date=2009-07-09&rft.aulast=Powell&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2009%2F07%2F12%2Fmovies%2F12powe.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuteur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kael, Pauline, "<a href="/wiki/Raising_Kane" title="Raising Kane">Raising Kane</a>", <i>The New Yorker</i>, February 20, 1971.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kipen, David (2006). <i>The Schreiber Theory: A Radical Rewrite of American Film History</i>, p.38. Melville House <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9766583-3-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-9766583-3-X">0-9766583-3-X</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Diane Garrett. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.variety.com/review/VE1117930243.html?categoryid=1010&cs=1">Book Review: The Schreiber Theory</a>". <i>Variety</i>. April 15, 2006.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-corliss-obit-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-corliss-obit_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeber2015" class="citation news cs1">Weber, Bruce (April 24, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/25/business/media/richard-corliss-71-longtime-film-critic-for-time-dies.html">"Richard Corliss, 71, Longtime Film Critic for Time, Dies"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-10-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IMDb&rft.atitle=Auteur+Directors%3A+Any+American+Women%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imdb.com%2Fnews%2Fni56522091%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuteur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/women-filmmakers-2016-statistics-show-female-directors-declined-number-963729">"Study: Female Filmmakers Lost Ground in 2016"</a>. <i>The Hollywood Reporter</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-04-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hollywood+Reporter&rft.atitle=Study%3A+Female+Filmmakers+Lost+Ground+in+2016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hollywoodreporter.com%2Fnews%2Fwomen-filmmakers-2016-statistics-show-female-directors-declined-number-963729&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuteur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKamina2002153-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKamina2002153_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKamina2002">Kamina 2002</a>, p. 153.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEisenberg2005103-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEisenberg2005103_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEisenberg2005">Eisenberg 2005</a>, p. 103.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBannister200738-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBannister200738_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBannister200738_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBannister2007">Bannister 2007</a>, p. 38.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliams200315–16-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilliams200315–16_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWilliams2003">Williams 2003</a>, pp. 15–16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdmondson2013890-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmondson2013890_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmondson2013890_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEdmondson2013">Edmondson 2013</a>, p. 890.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECoganClark200332–33-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECoganClark200332–33_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECoganClark200332–33_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCoganClark2003">Cogan & Clark 2003</a>, pp. 32–33.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEButler2012225-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEButler2012225_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFButler2012">Butler 2012</a>, p. 225.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWillis2014217-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWillis2014217_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWillis2014">Willis 2014</a>, p. 217.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiller1992193-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiller1992193_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMiller1992">Miller 1992</a>, p. 193.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Guriel2016-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Guriel2016_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuriel2016" class="citation magazine cs1">Guriel, Jason (May 16, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2016/05/how-pet-sounds-invented-the-modern-pop-album/482940/">"How Pet Sounds Invented the Modern Pop Album"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Atlantic" title="The Atlantic">The Atlantic</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Atlantic&rft.atitle=How+Pet+Sounds+Invented+the+Modern+Pop+Album&rft.date=2016-05-16&rft.aulast=Guriel&rft.aufirst=Jason&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Fentertainment%2Farchive%2F2016%2F05%2Fhow-pet-sounds-invented-the-modern-pop-album%2F482940%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuteur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="General_and_cited_references">General and cited references</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Auteur&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: General and cited references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBannister2007" class="citation book cs1">Bannister, Matthew (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4ckLKGTXRwQC&pg=PA38"><i>White Boys, White Noise: Masculinities and 1980s Indie Guitar Rock</i></a>. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7546-8803-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7546-8803-7"><bdi>978-0-7546-8803-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=White+Boys%2C+White+Noise%3A+Masculinities+and+1980s+Indie+Guitar+Rock&rft.pub=Ashgate+Publishing%2C+Ltd.&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-7546-8803-7&rft.aulast=Bannister&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4ckLKGTXRwQC%26pg%3DPA38&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuteur" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBloem1924" class="citation book cs1">Bloem, Walter Julius (1924). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/soulofmovingpict00bloe"><i>The Soul of the Moving Picture</i></a>. E.P. Dutton.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Soul+of+the+Moving+Picture&rft.pub=E.P.+Dutton&rft.date=1924&rft.aulast=Bloem&rft.aufirst=Walter+Julius&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsoulofmovingpict00bloe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuteur" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFButler2012" class="citation book cs1">Butler, Jan (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KZjVCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA225">"The Beach Boys' Pet Sounds and the Musicology of Record Production"</a>. In Frith, Simon; Zagorski-Thomas, Simon (eds.). <i>The Art of Record Production: An Introductory Reader for a New Academic Field</i>. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4094-0678-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4094-0678-5"><bdi>978-1-4094-0678-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Beach+Boys%27+Pet+Sounds+and+the+Musicology+of+Record+Production&rft.btitle=The+Art+of+Record+Production%3A+An+Introductory+Reader+for+a+New+Academic+Field&rft.pub=Ashgate+Publishing%2C+Ltd&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-4094-0678-5&rft.aulast=Butler&rft.aufirst=Jan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKZjVCQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA225&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuteur" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCaughie2013" class="citation book cs1">Caughie, John (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jTZGAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA62"><i>Theories of Authorship</i></a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-136-10268-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-136-10268-4"><bdi>978-1-136-10268-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Theories+of+Authorship&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-136-10268-4&rft.aulast=Caughie&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjTZGAQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA62&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuteur" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoganClark2003" class="citation book cs1">Cogan, Jim; Clark, William (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hO-KQ4o_B2MC"><i>Temples of Sound: Inside the Great Recording Studios</i></a>. Chronicle Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8118-3394-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8118-3394-3"><bdi>978-0-8118-3394-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Temples+of+Sound%3A+Inside+the+Great+Recording+Studios&rft.pub=Chronicle+Books&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-8118-3394-3&rft.aulast=Cogan&rft.aufirst=Jim&rft.au=Clark%2C+William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhO-KQ4o_B2MC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuteur" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdmondson2013" class="citation book cs1">Edmondson, Jacqueline, ed. (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TQPXAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA890">"Producers"</a>. <i>Music in American Life: An Encyclopedia of the Songs, Styles, Stars, and Stories that Shaped our Culture [4 volumes]: An Encyclopedia of the Songs, Styles, Stars, and Stories That Shaped Our Culture</i>. ABC-CLIO. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-39348-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-39348-8"><bdi>978-0-313-39348-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Producers&rft.btitle=Music+in+American+Life%3A+An+Encyclopedia+of+the+Songs%2C+Styles%2C+Stars%2C+and+Stories+that+Shaped+our+Culture+%5B4+volumes%5D%3A+An+Encyclopedia+of+the+Songs%2C+Styles%2C+Stars%2C+and+Stories+That+Shaped+Our+Culture&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-313-39348-8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTQPXAQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA890&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuteur" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEisenberg2005" class="citation book cs1">Eisenberg, Evan (2005). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/recordingangel00evan"><i>The Recording Angel: Music, Records and Culture from Aristotle to Zappa</i></a></span>. Yale University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/recordingangel00evan/page/103">103</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-09904-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-09904-1"><bdi>978-0-300-09904-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Recording+Angel%3A+Music%2C+Records+and+Culture+from+Aristotle+to+Zappa&rft.pages=103&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-300-09904-1&rft.aulast=Eisenberg&rft.aufirst=Evan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Frecordingangel00evan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuteur" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKamina2002" class="citation book cs1">Kamina, Pascal (2002). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/filmcopyrightine0000kami"><i>Film Copyright in the European Union</i></a></span>. Cambridge University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/filmcopyrightine0000kami/page/153">153</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-139-43338-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-139-43338-9"><bdi>978-1-139-43338-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Film+Copyright+in+the+European+Union&rft.pages=153&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-1-139-43338-9&rft.aulast=Kamina&rft.aufirst=Pascal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffilmcopyrightine0000kami&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuteur" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKipen2006" class="citation book cs1">Kipen, David (2006). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/schreibertheory00kipe"><i>The Schreiber Theory: A Radical Rewrite of American Film History</i></a></span>. Melville House Pub. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9766583-3-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9766583-3-7"><bdi>978-0-9766583-3-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Schreiber+Theory%3A+A+Radical+Rewrite+of+American+Film+History&rft.pub=Melville+House+Pub.&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-9766583-3-7&rft.aulast=Kipen&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fschreibertheory00kipe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuteur" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiller1992" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jim_Miller_(musician)" title="Jim Miller (musician)">Miller, Jim</a> (1992). "The Beach Boys". In DeCurtis, Anthony; Henke, James; George-Warren, Holly (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ubWAht7N7zsC&pg=PA192"><i>The Rolling Stone Illustrated History of Rock & Roll: The Definitive History of the Most Important Artists and Their Music</i></a>. New York: Random House. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780679737285" title="Special:BookSources/9780679737285"><bdi>9780679737285</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Beach+Boys&rft.btitle=The+Rolling+Stone+Illustrated+History+of+Rock+%26+Roll%3A+The+Definitive+History+of+the+Most+Important+Artists+and+Their+Music&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=9780679737285&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Jim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DubWAht7N7zsC%26pg%3DPA192&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuteur" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMinJooKwak2003" class="citation book cs1">Min, Eungjun; Joo, Jinsook; Kwak, Han Ju (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rX8JtHlQpO8C&pg=PA85"><i>Korean Film: History, Resistance, and Democratic Imagination</i></a>. Greenwood Publishing Group. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-275-95811-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-275-95811-4"><bdi>978-0-275-95811-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Korean+Film%3A+History%2C+Resistance%2C+and+Democratic+Imagination&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-275-95811-4&rft.aulast=Min&rft.aufirst=Eungjun&rft.au=Joo%2C+Jinsook&rft.au=Kwak%2C+Han+Ju&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrX8JtHlQpO8C%26pg%3DPA85&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuteur" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSadoulMorris1972" class="citation book cs1">Sadoul, Georges; Morris, Peter (1972). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dictionaryoffilm00sado_1"><i>Dictionary of Film Makers</i></a>. University of California Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-02151-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-02151-8"><bdi>978-0-520-02151-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Film+Makers&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1972&rft.isbn=978-0-520-02151-8&rft.aulast=Sadoul&rft.aufirst=Georges&rft.au=Morris%2C+Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdictionaryoffilm00sado_1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuteur" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSantas2002" class="citation book cs1">Santas, Constantine (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Mcbj95l1zmUC&pg=PA18"><i>Responding to Film: A Text Guide for Students of Cinema Art</i></a>. Rowman & Littlefield. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8304-1580-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8304-1580-9"><bdi>978-0-8304-1580-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Responding+to+Film%3A+A+Text+Guide+for+Students+of+Cinema+Art&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-8304-1580-9&rft.aulast=Santas&rft.aufirst=Constantine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMcbj95l1zmUC%26pg%3DPA18&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuteur" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchatz1993" class="citation book cs1">Schatz, Thomas (1993). "The New Hollywood". In Jim Collins, Hilary Radner and Ava Preacher Collins (ed.). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/filmtheorygoesto00coll"><i>Film Theory goes to the Movies</i></a></span>. New York: Routledge. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/filmtheorygoesto00coll/page/8">8</a>–37.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+New+Hollywood&rft.btitle=Film+Theory+goes+to+the+Movies&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=8-37&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1993&rft.aulast=Schatz&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffilmtheorygoesto00coll&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuteur" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThompsonBordwell2010" class="citation book cs1">Thompson, Kristin; Bordwell, David (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4F1qPwAACAAJ"><i>Film History: An Introduction</i></a>. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-07-126794-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-07-126794-6"><bdi>978-0-07-126794-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Film+History%3A+An+Introduction&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill+Higher+Education&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-07-126794-6&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=Kristin&rft.au=Bordwell%2C+David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4F1qPwAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuteur" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams2003" class="citation book cs1">Williams, Richard (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=a-F4AmTkYgwC"><i>Phil Spector: Out of His Head</i></a>. Music Sales Group. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7119-9864-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7119-9864-3"><bdi>978-0-7119-9864-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Phil+Spector%3A+Out+of+His+Head&rft.pub=Music+Sales+Group&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-7119-9864-3&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Da-F4AmTkYgwC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuteur" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWillis2014" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Willis" title="Paul Willis">Willis, Paul E.</a> (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Y7oWBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA219"><i>Profane Culture</i></a>. Princeton University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4008-6514-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4008-6514-7"><bdi>978-1-4008-6514-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Profane+Culture&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-4008-6514-7&rft.aulast=Willis&rft.aufirst=Paul+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DY7oWBAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA219&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuteur" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Auteur&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAshby2013" class="citation book cs1">Ashby, Arved, ed. (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=quzQCwAAQBAJ"><i>Popular Music and the New Auteur: Visionary Filmmakers After MTV</i></a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-982734-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-982734-3"><bdi>978-0-19-982734-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Popular+Music+and+the+New+Auteur%3A+Visionary+Filmmakers+After+MTV&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-19-982734-3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DquzQCwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuteur" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDiver2014" class="citation magazine cs1">Diver, Mike (October 8, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vice.com/read/d4-heralds-the-return-of-video-gamings-auteurs-mike-diver-013">"The Return of the Video Game Auteur"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Vice_(magazine)" title="Vice (magazine)">Vice</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vice&rft.atitle=The+Return+of+the+Video+Game+Auteur&rft.date=2014-10-08&rft.aulast=Diver&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vice.com%2Fread%2Fd4-heralds-the-return-of-video-gamings-auteurs-mike-diver-013&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuteur" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaule2008" class="citation book cs1">Maule, Rosanna (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VbC8vKJgbRYC"><i>Beyond Auteurism: New Directions in Authorial Film Practices in France, Italy and Spain Since the 1980s</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Intellect_Books" title="Intellect Books">Intellect Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84150-204-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84150-204-5"><bdi>978-1-84150-204-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Beyond+Auteurism%3A+New+Directions+in+Authorial+Film+Practices+in+France%2C+Italy+and+Spain+Since+the+1980s&rft.pub=Intellect+Books&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-84150-204-5&rft.aulast=Maule&rft.aufirst=Rosanna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVbC8vKJgbRYC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuteur" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShuker2013" class="citation book cs1">Shuker, Roy (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hIEJyToJYl0C&pg=PA116">"Auteurs, Stars, and Music History"</a>. <i>Understanding Popular Music</i>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-134-56479-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-134-56479-8"><bdi>978-1-134-56479-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Auteurs%2C+Stars%2C+and+Music+History&rft.btitle=Understanding+Popular+Music&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-134-56479-8&rft.aulast=Shuker&rft.aufirst=Roy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhIEJyToJYl0C%26pg%3DPA116&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAuteur" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Auteur&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/auteur" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:auteur">auteur</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120216125912/http://www.bfi.org.uk/filmtvinfo/publications/16%2B/auteur.html">16+ source guides: Auteur Theory/Auteurs</a> at <a href="/wiki/The_British_Film_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="The British Film Institute">the British Film Institute</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/Sarris_Andrew_Auteurism_Is_Alive_and_Well/page/n1">Auteurism Is Alive and Well by Andrew Sarris on Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/americancinemadi00sarr">The American Cinema: Directors and Direction 1929–1968</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output 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aria-labelledby="French_New_Wave" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:French_New_Wave" title="Template:French New Wave"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:French_New_Wave" title="Template talk:French New Wave"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:French_New_Wave" title="Special:EditPage/Template:French New Wave"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="French_New_Wave" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/French_New_Wave" title="French New Wave">French New Wave</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>Cahiers du Cinéma</i> Directors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Chabrol" title="Claude Chabrol">Claude Chabrol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Luc_Godard" title="Jean-Luc Godard">Jean-Luc Godard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89ric_Rohmer" title="Éric Rohmer">Éric Rohmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Rivette" title="Jacques Rivette">Jacques Rivette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Truffaut" title="François Truffaut">François Truffaut</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/French_New_Wave#Left_Bank" title="French New Wave">Left Bank</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Colpi" title="Henri Colpi">Henri Colpi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marguerite_Duras" title="Marguerite Duras">Marguerite Duras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armand_Gatti" title="Armand Gatti">Armand Gatti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Marker" title="Chris Marker">Chris Marker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alain_Resnais" title="Alain Resnais">Alain Resnais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alain_Robbe-Grillet" title="Alain Robbe-Grillet">Alain Robbe-Grillet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agn%C3%A8s_Varda" title="Agnès Varda">Agnès Varda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/French_New_Wave#Other_directors_associated_with_the_movement" title="French New Wave">Other filmmakers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_de_Broca" title="Philippe de Broca">Philippe de Broca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Demy" title="Jacques Demy">Jacques Demy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Douchet" title="Jean Douchet">Jean Douchet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Eustache" title="Jean Eustache">Jean Eustache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Franju" title="Georges Franju">Georges Franju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Kast" title="Pierre Kast">Pierre Kast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Malle" title="Louis Malle">Louis Malle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Melville" title="Jean-Pierre Melville">Jean-Pierre Melville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luc_Moullet" title="Luc Moullet">Luc Moullet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Rozier" title="Jacques Rozier">Jacques Rozier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straub%E2%80%93Huillet" title="Straub–Huillet">Straub–Huillet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Vadim" title="Roger Vadim">Roger Vadim</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Theoretical influences</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Astruc" title="Alexandre Astruc">Alexandre Astruc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Bazin" title="André Bazin">André Bazin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bresson" title="Robert Bresson">Robert Bresson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Doniol-Valcroze" title="Jacques Doniol-Valcroze">Jacques Doniol-Valcroze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Langlois" title="Henri Langlois">Henri Langlois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph-Marie_Lo_Duca" title="Joseph-Marie Lo Duca">Joseph-Marie Lo Duca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Rouch" title="Jean Rouch">Jean Rouch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Key films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Fool%27s_Mate_(1956_film)" title="Fool's Mate (1956 film)">Le Coup du Berger</a></i> (1956)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Le_Beau_Serge" title="Le Beau Serge">Le Beau Serge</a></i> (1958)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_400_Blows" title="The 400 Blows">The 400 Blows</a></i> (1959)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hiroshima_mon_amour" title="Hiroshima mon amour">Hiroshima mon amour</a></i> (1959)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Breathless_(1960_film)" title="Breathless (1960 film)">Breathless</a></i> (1960)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Last_Year_at_Marienbad" title="Last Year at Marienbad">Last Year at Marienbad</a></i> (1961)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jules_and_Jim" title="Jules and Jim">Jules and Jim</a></i> (1962)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cl%C3%A9o_from_5_to_7" title="Cléo from 5 to 7">Cléo from 5 to 7</a></i> (1962)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_Jet%C3%A9e" title="La Jetée">La Jetée</a></i> (1962)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arthouse_musical" title="Arthouse musical">Arthouse musical</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Auteurism</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cahiers_du_Cin%C3%A9ma" title="Cahiers du Cinéma">Cahiers du Cinéma</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cin%C3%A9math%C3%A8que_Fran%C3%A7aise" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinémathèque Française">Cinémathèque Française</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jump_cut" title="Jump cut">Jump cut</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Two_in_the_Wave" title="Two in the Wave">Two in the Wave</a></i> (2010 documentary)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Documentary_Now!" title="Documentary Now!">Trouver Frisson</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Progressive_music" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Progressive_music" title="Template:Progressive music"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Progressive_music" title="Template talk:Progressive music"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Progressive_music" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Progressive music"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Progressive_music" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Progressive_music" title="Progressive music">Progressive music</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By style and subgenre</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_pop" title="Art pop">Art pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_country" title="Progressive country">Country</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bluegrass_music#Progressive_bluegrass" title="Bluegrass music">Bluegrass</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_music#Electronic" title="Progressive music">Electronic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_folk" title="Progressive folk">Folk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_music#Jazz" title="Progressive music">Jazz</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_music#Hip_hop" title="Progressive music">Hip hop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_pop" title="Progressive pop">Pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_rock" title="Progressive rock">Rock</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avant-prog" title="Avant-prog">Avant-prog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_metal" title="Progressive metal">Metal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Djent" title="Djent">Djent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_metalcore" title="Progressive metalcore">Metalcore</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-prog" title="Neo-prog">Neo-prog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_rock#New_prog" title="Progressive rock">New prog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_music#Progressive_punk" title="Progressive music">Punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_rock" title="Space rock">Space rock</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_soul" title="Progressive soul">Soul</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Progression-based EDM genres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breakbeat#Progressive_breaks" title="Breakbeat">Breaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_house" title="Progressive house">House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_trance" class="mw-redirect" title="Progressive trance">Trance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_psytrance" class="mw-redirect" title="Progressive psytrance">Psytrance</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related genres/scenes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_rock" title="Art rock">Art rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canterbury_scene" title="Canterbury scene">Canterbury scene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_pop" title="Experimental pop">Experimental pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_rock" title="Experimental rock">Experimental rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_metal" class="mw-redirect" title="Experimental metal">Experimental metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelligent_dance_music" title="Intelligent dance music">Intelligent dance music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krautrock" title="Krautrock">Krautrock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_pop" title="New pop">New pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_wave_music" title="New wave music">New wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-prog" title="Proto-prog">Proto-prog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-progressive" title="Post-progressive">Post-progressive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-punk" title="Post-punk">Post-punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_in_Opposition" title="Rock in Opposition">Rock in Opposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeuhl" title="Zeuhl">Zeuhl</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Associated theories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Popular_music">Auteurism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eclecticism_in_music" title="Eclecticism in music">Eclecticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Formalism_(art)" title="Formalism (art)">Formalism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Official_Progressive_Albums_Chart" title="Official Progressive Albums Chart">Official Progressive Albums Chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prog_(magazine)" title="Prog (magazine)"><i>Prog</i> (magazine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_rock_(radio_format)" title="Progressive rock (radio format)">Progressive rock (radio format)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miscellaneous articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_music" title="Art music">Art music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concept_album" title="Concept album">Concept album</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_concept_albums" title="List of concept albums">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_classical_music" title="Contemporary classical music">Contemporary classical music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychedelic_music" title="Psychedelic music">Psychedelic music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_music" title="Romantic music">Romantic music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recording_studio_as_an_instrument" title="Recording studio as an instrument">Recording studio as an instrument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_progressive_rock" title="Timeline of progressive rock">Timeline of progressive rock</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_progressive_rock_(1960%E2%80%9369)" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of progressive rock (1960–69)">1960s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_progressive_rock_(1970%E2%80%9379)" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of progressive rock (1970–79)">1970s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_progressive_rock_(1980%E2%80%9389)" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of progressive rock (1980–89)">1980s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_progressive_rock_(1990%E2%80%9399)" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of progressive rock (1990–99)">1990s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_progressive_rock_(2000%E2%80%9309)" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of progressive rock (2000–09)">2000s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_progressive_rock_(2010%E2%80%9319)" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of progressive rock (2010–19)">2010s</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Progressive_music" title="Category:Progressive music">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Film_genres" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Film_genres" title="Template:Film genres"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Film_genres" title="Template talk:Film genres"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Film_genres" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Film genres"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Film_genres" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Film" title="Film">Film</a> <a href="/wiki/Film_genre" title="Film genre">genres</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By style</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_film" title="Action film">Action</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heroic_bloodshed" title="Heroic bloodshed">Heroic bloodshed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_action_cinema" title="Hong Kong action cinema">Hong Kong action</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adventure_film" title="Adventure film">Adventure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_film" title="Art film">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biographical_film" title="Biographical film">Biographical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_film_industry" title="Christian film industry">Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_film" title="Comedy film">Comedy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_comedy" title="Action comedy">Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_comedy" title="Black comedy">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commedia_all%27italiana" title="Commedia all'italiana">Commedia all'italiana</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commedia_sexy_all%27italiana" title="Commedia sexy all'italiana">Sexy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_drama" title="Comedy drama">Dramedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gross_out" title="Gross out">Gross out</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_horror" title="Comedy horror">Horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parody_film" title="Parody film">Parody</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mo_lei_tau" title="Mo lei tau">Mo lei tau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thriller_(genre)" title="Thriller (genre)">Thriller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_of_remarriage" title="Comedy of remarriage">Remarriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_comedy" title="Romantic comedy">Romantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_comedy" title="Sex comedy">Sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screwball_comedy" title="Screwball comedy">Screwball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silent_comedy" title="Silent comedy">Silent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slapstick_film" title="Slapstick film">Slapstick</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyberpunk" title="Cyberpunk">Cyberpunk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_cyberpunk" title="Japanese cyberpunk">Japanese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Documentary_film" title="Documentary film">Documentary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animated_documentary" title="Animated documentary">Animated</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_symphony" title="City symphony">City symphony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Docudrama" title="Docudrama">Docudrama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mockumentary" title="Mockumentary">Mockumentary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mondo_film" title="Mondo film">Mondo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudo-documentary" title="Pseudo-documentary">Pseudo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semidocumentary" title="Semidocumentary">Semi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travel_documentary" title="Travel documentary">Travel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_essay" title="Video essay">Video essay</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drama_(film_and_television)" title="Drama (film and television)">Drama</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calligrafismo" title="Calligrafismo">Calligrafismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_drama" title="Comedy drama">Dramedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_drama" title="Historical drama">Historical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_drama" title="Legal drama">Legal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melodrama" title="Melodrama">Melodrama</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Korean_melodrama" title="Korean melodrama">Korean</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_in_film" title="Sex in film">Erotic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commedia_sexy_all%27italiana" title="Commedia sexy all'italiana">Commedia sexy all'italiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pink_film" title="Pink film">Pink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexploitation_film" title="Sexploitation film">Sexploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erotic_thriller" title="Erotic thriller">Thriller</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Educational_film" title="Educational film">Educational</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_guidance_film" title="Social guidance film">Social guidance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epic_film" title="Epic film">Epic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sword-and-sandal" title="Sword-and-sandal">Sword-and-sandal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_film" title="Experimental film">Experimental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exploitation_film" title="Exploitation film">Exploitation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Exploitation_film" title="Template:Exploitation film">see <i>Exploitation film template</i></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_film" title="Fantasy film">Fantasy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_comedy" title="Fantasy comedy">Comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_fantasy" title="Contemporary fantasy">Contemporary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantastique" title="Fantastique">Fantastique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_fantasy" title="High fantasy">High</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_fantasy" title="Historical fantasy">Historical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_realism" class="mw-redirect" title="Magic realism">Magic realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fantasy" title="Science fantasy">Science</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_noir" title="Film noir">Film noir</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neo-noir" title="Neo-noir">Neo-noir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulp_noir" title="Pulp noir">Pulp noir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tech_noir" title="Tech noir">Tech noir</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_film" title="Gothic film">Gothic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_romance_film" title="Gothic romance film">Romance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Gothic" title="Southern Gothic">Southern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_science_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Gothic science fiction">Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suburban_Gothic" title="Suburban Gothic">Suburban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_Gothic" title="Urban Gothic">Urban</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horror_film" title="Horror film">Horror</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_horror" title="Art horror">Arthouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_body_horror_media" title="List of body horror media">Body</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannibal_film" title="Cannibal film">Cannibal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_horror_film" title="Chinese horror film">Chinese horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_horror" title="Christmas horror">Christmas horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_horror" title="Comedy horror">Comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_eco-horror_films" title="List of eco-horror films">Eco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantastique" title="Fantastique">Fantastique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Found_footage_(film_technique)" title="Found footage (film technique)">Found footage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_underground_horror" title="German underground horror">German underground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ghost_films" title="List of ghost films">Ghost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giallo" title="Giallo">Giallo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_giallo_films" title="List of giallo films">List of films</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_holiday_horror_films" title="List of holiday horror films">Holiday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_horror" title="Japanese horror">Japanese horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_horror" title="Korean horror">Korean horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lovecraftian_horror" title="Lovecraftian horror">Lovecraftian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_natural_horror_films" title="List of natural horror films">Natural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Extremity" class="mw-redirect" title="New Extremity">New French Extremity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_in_horror_films" title="Gender in horror films">Psycho-biddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychological_horror" title="Psychological horror">Psychological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_science_fiction_horror_films" title="List of science fiction horror films">Science fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slasher_film" title="Slasher film">Slasher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Splatter_film" title="Splatter film">Splatter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satanic_film" title="Satanic film">Satanic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximalist_film" title="Maximalist film">Maximalist film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minimalist_film" title="Minimalist film">Minimalist film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumblecore" title="Mumblecore">Mumblecore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musical_film" title="Musical film">Musical</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arthouse_musical" title="Arthouse musical">Arthouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Backstage_musical" title="Backstage musical">Backstage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jukebox_musical" title="Jukebox musical">Jukebox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musicarello" title="Musicarello">Musicarello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operetta_film" title="Operetta film">Operetta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sceneggiata" title="Sceneggiata">Sceneggiata</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mystery_film" title="Mystery film">Mystery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Detective_fiction" title="Detective fiction">Detective</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Occult_detective_fiction" title="Occult detective fiction">Occult detective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whodunit" title="Whodunit">Whodunit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giallo" title="Giallo">Giallo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crossover_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Crossover fiction">Crossover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pornographic_film" title="Pornographic film">Pornographic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hardcore_pornography" title="Hardcore pornography">Hardcore pornography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Softcore_pornography" title="Softcore pornography">Softcore pornography</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Malayalam_softcore_pornography" title="Malayalam softcore pornography">Malayalam</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_film" title="Propaganda film">Propaganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reality_film" title="Reality film">Reality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romance_film" title="Romance film">Romantic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_comedy" title="Romantic comedy">Comedy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bromantic_comedy" title="Bromantic comedy">Bromantic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_fantasy" title="Romantic fantasy">Fantasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_romance_film" title="Gothic romance film">Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paranormal_romance" title="Paranormal romance">Paranormal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_thriller" title="Romantic thriller">Thriller</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_film" title="Science fiction film">Science fiction</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arthouse_science_fiction_film" title="Arthouse science fiction film">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_comedy" title="Science fiction comedy">Comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantastique" title="Fantastique">Fantastique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fantasy" title="Science fantasy">Fantasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_science_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Gothic science fiction">Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_science_fiction_horror_films" title="List of science fiction horror films">Horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_science_fiction" title="Military science fiction">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Wave_science_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="New Wave science fiction">New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_opera" title="Space opera">Space opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steampunk" title="Steampunk">Steampunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokusatsu" title="Tokusatsu">Tokusatsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Western" title="Space Western">Western</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slice_of_life" title="Slice of life">Slice of life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slow_cinema" title="Slow cinema">Slow cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Survival_film" title="Survival film">Survival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thriller_film" title="Thriller film">Thriller</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_thriller" title="Comedy thriller">Comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erotic_thriller" title="Erotic thriller">Erotic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_thriller" title="Financial thriller">Financial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giallo" title="Giallo">Giallo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_thriller" title="Legal thriller">Legal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Extremity" class="mw-redirect" title="New Extremity">New French Extremity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_thriller" title="Political thriller">Political</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychological_thriller" title="Psychological thriller">Psychological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_thriller" title="Romantic thriller">Romantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Techno-thriller" title="Techno-thriller">Techno</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgressive_art" title="Transgressive art">Transgressive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Transgression" title="Cinema of Transgression">Cinema of Transgression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extreme_cinema" title="Extreme cinema">Extreme cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Extremity" class="mw-redirect" title="New Extremity">New French Extremity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trick_film" title="Trick film">Trick</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By theme</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_about_animals" title="List of films about animals">Animals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beach_party_film" title="Beach party film">Beach party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Body_swap" title="Body swap">Body swap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddy_film" title="Buddy film">Buddy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddy_cop" title="Buddy cop">Buddy cop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Female_buddy_film" title="Female buddy film">Female</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannibal_film" title="Cannibal film">Cannibal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chicano_films" title="List of Chicano films">Chicano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonial_cinema" title="Colonial cinema">Colonial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coming-of-age_story" title="Coming-of-age story">Coming-of-age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concert_film" title="Concert film">Concert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_film" title="Crime film">Crime</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Detective_fiction" title="Detective fiction">Detective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gangster_film" title="Gangster film">Gangster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gentleman_thief" title="Gentleman thief">Gentleman thief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gokud%C5%8D" title="Gokudō">Gokudō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gong%27an_fiction" title="Gong'an fiction">Gong'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heist_film" title="Heist film">Heist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heroic_bloodshed" title="Heroic bloodshed">Heroic bloodshed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hood_film" title="Hood film">Hood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mafia_film" title="Mafia film">Mafia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mafia_comedy_film" title="Mafia comedy film">Mafia comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumbai_underworld_film" class="mw-redirect" title="Mumbai underworld film">Mumbai underworld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poliziotteschi" title="Poliziotteschi">Poliziotteschi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakuza_film" title="Yakuza film">Yakuza</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_film" title="Dance in film">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disaster_film" title="Disaster film">Disaster</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_apocalyptic_films" title="List of apocalyptic films">Apocalyptic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_drug_films" title="List of drug films">Drug</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Psychedelic_film" title="Psychedelic film">Psychedelic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoner_film" title="Stoner film">Stoner</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_dystopian_films" title="List of dystopian films">Dystopian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecchi" title="Ecchi">Ecchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economics_film" title="Economics film">Economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnographic_film" title="Ethnographic film">Ethnographic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exploitation_film" title="Exploitation film">Exploitation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blaxploitation" title="Blaxploitation">Blaxploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexploitation" title="Mexploitation">Mexploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turksploitation" title="Turksploitation">Turksploitation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_featuring_extraterrestrials" title="List of films featuring extraterrestrials">Extraterrestrial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_about_food_and_drink" title="List of films about food and drink">Food and drink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gendai-geki" title="Gendai-geki">Gendai-geki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ghost_films" title="List of ghost films">Ghost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goona-goona_epic" title="Goona-goona epic">Goona-goona epic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_film" title="Gothic film">Gothic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_romance_film" title="Gothic romance film">Romance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_science_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Gothic science fiction">Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suburban_Gothic" title="Suburban Gothic">Suburban</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girls_with_guns" title="Girls with guns">Girls with guns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harem_(genre)" title="Harem (genre)">Harem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hentai" title="Hentai">Hentai</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lolicon" title="Lolicon">Lolicon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shotacon" title="Shotacon">Shotacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tentacle_erotica" title="Tentacle erotica">Tentacle erotica</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heimatfilm" title="Heimatfilm">Homeland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isekai" title="Isekai">Isekai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jidaigeki" title="Jidaigeki">Jidaigeki</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samurai_cinema" title="Samurai cinema">Samurai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gentleman_thief" title="Gentleman thief">Kaitō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_LGBTQ-related_films" title="List of LGBTQ-related films">LGBTQ</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yaoi" class="mw-redirect" title="Yaoi">Yaoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuri_(genre)" title="Yuri (genre)">Yuri</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luchador_films" title="Luchador films">Luchador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magical_girl" title="Magical girl">Magical girl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martial_arts_film" title="Martial arts film">Martial arts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bruceploitation" title="Bruceploitation">Bruceploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chopsocky" title="Chopsocky">Chopsocky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_fu" title="Gun fu">Gun fu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kung_fu_film" title="Kung fu film">Kung fu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ninja_films" title="List of ninja films">Ninja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuxia" title="Wuxia">Wuxia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mecha" title="Mecha">Mecha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mecha_anime_and_manga" title="Mecha anime and manga">Anime</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monster_movie" title="Monster movie">Monster</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_featuring_giant_monsters" title="List of films featuring giant monsters">Giant monster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaiju" title="Kaiju">Kaiju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mummy_films" title="List of mummy films">Mummy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vampire_film" title="Vampire film">Vampire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_zombie_films" title="List of zombie films">Zombie</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zombie_comedy" title="Zombie comedy">Zombie comedy</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_film" title="Mountain film">Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_da_Boca_do_Lixo" title="Cinema da Boca do Lixo">Mouth of Garbage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_social" title="Muslim social">Muslim social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nature_documentary" title="Nature documentary">Nature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_environmental_films" title="List of environmental films">Environmental issues</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opera_film" title="Opera film">Opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outlaw_biker_film" title="Outlaw biker film">Outlaw biker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ozploitation" title="Ozploitation">Ozploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partisan_film" title="Partisan film">Partisan film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prison_film" title="Prison film">Prison</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_prison_film" title="Women in prison film">Women</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Race_film" title="Race film">Race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rape_and_revenge_film" class="mw-redirect" title="Rape and revenge film">Rape and revenge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_movie" title="Road movie">Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%BCmmerfilm" title="Trümmerfilm">Rubble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumberas_film" title="Rumberas film">Rumberas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexploitation_film" title="Sexploitation film">Sexploitation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bavarian_porn" title="Bavarian porn">Bavarian porn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commedia_sexy_all%27italiana" title="Commedia sexy all'italiana">Commedia sexy all'italiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_sex_comedy" title="Mexican sex comedy">Mexican sex comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_exploitation" title="Nazi exploitation">Nazi exploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pornochanchada" title="Pornochanchada">Pornochanchada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nunsploitation" title="Nunsploitation">Nunsploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_report_film" title="Sex report film">Sex report</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoshimin-eiga" title="Shoshimin-eiga">Shoshimin-eiga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_featuring_slavery" title="List of films featuring slavery">Slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slice_of_life" title="Slice of life">Slice of life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snuff_film" title="Snuff film">Snuff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Seas_genre" title="South Seas genre">South Seas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_film" title="Sports film">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spy_film" title="Spy film">Spy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eurospy_film" title="Eurospy film">Eurospy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superhero_film" title="Superhero film">Superhero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surf_film" title="Surf film">Surfing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swashbuckler_film" title="Swashbuckler film">Swashbuckler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sword-and-sandal" title="Sword-and-sandal">Sword-and-sandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sword_and_sorcery" title="Sword and sorcery">Sword and sorcery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travel_documentary" title="Travel documentary">Travel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Imaginary_voyage" title="Imaginary voyage">imaginary voyage</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trial_film" title="Trial film">Trial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vigilante_film" title="Vigilante film">Vigilante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_film" title="War film">War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_anti-war_films" title="List of anti-war films">Anti-war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euro_War" title="Euro War">Euro War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submarine_films" title="Submarine films">Submarine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_film" title="Western film">Western</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acid_Western" title="Acid Western">Acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_Western" title="Contemporary Western">Contemporary Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacoit_Western" class="mw-redirect" title="Dacoit Western">Dacoit Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_Western" class="mw-redirect" title="Fantasy Western">Fantasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_Western" title="Florida Western">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horror_Western" title="Horror Western">Horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Western" title="Australian Western">Meat pie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_(genre)" title="Northern (genre)">Northern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostern" title="Ostern">Ostern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revisionist_Western" title="Revisionist Western">Revisionist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_Western" title="Science fiction Western">Science fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singing_cowboy" title="Singing cowboy">Singing cowboy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Western" title="Space Western">Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spaghetti_Western" title="Spaghetti Western">Spaghetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weird_West" title="Weird West">Weird Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zapata_Western" class="mw-redirect" title="Zapata Western">Zapata Western</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By movement <br /> or period</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Absolute_film" class="mw-redirect" title="Absolute film">Absolute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_eccentric_cinema" title="American eccentric cinema">American eccentric cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Objectivity_(filmmaking)" title="New Objectivity (filmmaking)">New Objectivity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_New_Wave" title="Australian New Wave">Australian New Wave</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Auteur films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berlin_School_(filmmaking)" title="Berlin School (filmmaking)">Berlin School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourekas_film" title="Bourekas film">Bourekas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_School_(filmmaking)" title="Brighton School (filmmaking)">Brighton School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_New_Wave" title="British New Wave">British New Wave</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kitchen_sink_realism" title="Kitchen sink realism">Kitchen sink realism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budapest_school" title="Budapest school">Budapest school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calligrafismo" title="Calligrafismo">Calligrafismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannibal_film" title="Cannibal film">Cannibal boom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cin%C3%A9ma_du_look" title="Cinéma du look">Cinéma du look</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_Novo" title="Cinema Novo">Cinema Novo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Transgression" title="Cinema of Transgression">Cinema of Transgression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cin%C3%A9ma_pur" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinéma pur">Cinéma pur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commedia_all%27italiana" title="Commedia all'italiana">Commedia all'italiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czechoslovak_New_Wave" title="Czechoslovak New Wave">Czechoslovak New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Documentary_Film_Movement" title="Documentary Film Movement">Documentary Film Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogme_95" title="Dogme 95">Dogme 95</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erra_Cinema" class="mw-redirect" title="Erra Cinema">Erra Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_art_cinema" title="European art cinema">European art cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_d%27art" title="Film d'art">Film d'art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_gris" title="Film gris">Film gris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Cinema" title="Free Cinema">Free Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_New_Wave" title="French New Wave">French New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_expressionist_cinema" title="German expressionist cinema">German Expressionist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_underground_horror" title="German underground horror">German underground horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Age_of_Nigerian_Cinema" title="Golden Age of Nigerian Cinema">Nigerian Golden Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grupo_Cine_Liberaci%C3%B3n" title="Grupo Cine Liberación">Grupo Cine Liberación</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heimatfilm" title="Heimatfilm">Heimatfilm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hollywood_on_the_Tiber" title="Hollywood on the Tiber">Hollywood on the Tiber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_New_Wave" title="Hong Kong New Wave">Hong Kong New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiewood" title="Indiewood">Indiewood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_New_Wave" title="Iranian New Wave">Iranian New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_futurism_in_cinema" title="Italian futurism in cinema">Italian futurist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_neorealism" title="Italian neorealism">Italian neorealist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_New_Wave" title="Japanese New Wave">Japanese New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kammerspielfilm" title="Kammerspielfilm">Kammerspielfilm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L.A._Rebellion" title="L.A. Rebellion">L.A. Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lettrism" title="Lettrism">Lettrist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modernist_film" title="Modernist film">Modernist film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumblecore" title="Mumblecore">Mumblecore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neorealism_(art)" title="Neorealism (art)">Neorealist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Extremity" class="mw-redirect" title="New Extremity">New French Extremity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_German_Cinema" title="New German Cinema">New German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_generation_(Malayalam_film_movement)" title="New generation (Malayalam film movement)">New generation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hollywood" title="New Hollywood">New Hollywood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Nigerian_Cinema" title="New Nigerian Cinema">New Nollywood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_queer_cinema" title="New queer cinema">New Queer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_Wave_Cinema" class="mw-redirect" title="No Wave Cinema">No wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuevo_Cine_Mexicano" title="Nuevo Cine Mexicano">Nuevo Cine Mexicano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Indian_film" title="Pan-Indian film">Pan-Indian film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parallel_cinema" title="Parallel cinema">Parallel cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filmfarsi" title="Filmfarsi">Persian Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poetic_realism" title="Poetic realism">Poetic realist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Film_School" title="Polish Film School">Polish Film School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poliziotteschi" title="Poliziotteschi">Poliziotteschi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Prague_film_school" title="The Prague film school">The Prague film school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prussian_film" title="Prussian film">Prussian film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pure_Film_Movement" title="Pure Film Movement">Pure Film Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remodernist_film" title="Remodernist film">Remodernist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_New_Wave" title="Romanian New Wave">Romanian New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slow_cinema" title="Slow cinema">Slow cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spaghetti_Western" title="Spaghetti Western">Spaghetti Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_realism" title="Socialist realism">Socialist realist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_realism" title="Social realism">Social realist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kitchen_sink_realism" title="Kitchen sink realism">Kitchen sink realism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_parallel_cinema" title="Soviet parallel cinema">Soviet parallel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structural_film" title="Structural film">Structural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surrealist_cinema" title="Surrealist cinema">Surrealist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sword-and-sandal" title="Sword-and-sandal">Sword-and-sandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telefoni_Bianchi" title="Telefoni Bianchi">Telefoni Bianchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Cinema" title="Third Cinema">Third Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_New_Wave" title="Toronto New Wave">Toronto New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulgar_auteurism" title="Vulgar auteurism">Vulgar auteurism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Black_Wave" title="Yugoslav Black Wave">Yugoslav Black Wave</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By demographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pornographic_film" title="Pornographic film">Adult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_film" title="Black film">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children%27s_film" title="Children's film">Children and family</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Children%27s_anime_and_manga" title="Children's anime and manga">Anime</a></li></ul></li> <li>Men <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seinen_manga" title="Seinen manga">Seinen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stag_film" title="Stag film">Stag</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teen_film" title="Teen film">Teen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dnen_manga" title="Shōnen manga">Shōnen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Djo_manga" title="Shōjo manga">Shōjo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woman%27s_film" title="Woman's film">Women</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chick_flick" title="Chick flick">Chick flick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josei_manga" title="Josei manga">Josei</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By format,<br /> technique,<br /> approach,<br /> or production</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3D_film" title="3D film">3D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Actuality_film" title="Actuality film">Actuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animation" title="Animation">Animation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anime" title="Anime">Anime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthouse_animation" title="Arthouse animation">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animated_cartoon" class="mw-redirect" title="Animated cartoon">Cartoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_animation" title="Computer animation">Computer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stop_motion" title="Stop motion">Stop-motion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_animation" title="Traditional animation">Traditional</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthology_film" title="Anthology film">Anthology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_film" title="Art film">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B_movie" title="B movie">B movie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Behind-the-scenes" title="Behind-the-scenes">Behind-the-scenes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black-and-white" title="Black-and-white">Black-and-white</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blockbuster_(entertainment)" title="Blockbuster (entertainment)">Blockbuster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cin%C3%A9ma_v%C3%A9rit%C3%A9" title="Cinéma vérité">Cinéma vérité</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_Hollywood_cinema" title="Classical Hollywood cinema">Classical Hollywood cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collage_film" title="Collage film">Collage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_motion_picture_film" title="Color motion picture film">Color</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compilation_film" title="Compilation film">Compilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Composite_film" title="Composite film">Composite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screenlife" title="Screenlife">Computer screen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cult_film" title="Cult film">Cult</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Midnight_movie" title="Midnight movie">midnight movie</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Database_cinema" title="Database cinema">Database cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Docufiction" title="Docufiction">Docufiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnofiction" title="Ethnofiction">Ethnofiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_film" title="Experimental film">Experimental</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abstract_animation" class="mw-redirect" title="Abstract animation">Abstract</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feature_film" title="Feature film">Feature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Featurette" title="Featurette">Featurette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_%C3%A0_clef" title="Film à clef">Film à clef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film-poem" title="Film-poem">Film-poem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Found_footage_(film_technique)" title="Found footage (film technique)">Found footage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperlink_cinema" title="Hyperlink cinema">Hyperlink cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_film" title="Independent film">Independent</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_filmmaking" title="Guerrilla filmmaking">Guerrilla filmmaking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_American_independent_films" title="List of American independent films">List of American independent films</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstitial_art" title="Interstitial art">Interstitial art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Live_action" title="Live action">Live action</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_with_live_action_and_animation" title="List of films with live action and animation">animation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low-budget_film" title="Low-budget film">Low-budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_film_studios" title="Major film studios">Major film studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masala_film" title="Masala film">Masala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximalist_film" title="Maximalist film">Maximalist film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Message_picture" title="Message picture">Message picture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metacinema" title="Metacinema">Meta-film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minimalist_film" title="Minimalist film">Minimalist film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mockbuster" title="Mockbuster">Mockbuster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modernist_film" title="Modernist film">Modernist film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musical_short" title="Musical short">Musical short</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mythopoeia" title="Mythopoeia">Mythopoeia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neorealism_(art)" title="Neorealism (art)">Neorealist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No-budget_film" title="No-budget film">No-budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One-shot_film" title="One-shot film">One-shot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paracinema" title="Paracinema">Paracinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Participatory_cinema" title="Participatory cinema">Participatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poetry_film" title="Poetry film">Poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postmodernist_film" title="Postmodernist film">Postmodernist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reverse_motion" title="Reverse motion">Reverse motion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satire_(film_and_television)" title="Satire (film and television)">Satire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sceneggiata" title="Sceneggiata">Sceneggiata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semidocumentary" title="Semidocumentary">Semidocumentary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serial_film" title="Serial film">Serial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinpa" title="Shinpa">Shinpa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_film" title="Short film">Short</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silent_film" title="Silent film">Silent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slow_cinema" title="Slow cinema">Slow cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_realism" title="Socialist realism">Socialist realist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_film" title="Sound film">Sound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underground_film" title="Underground film">Underground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_nasty" title="Video nasty">Video nasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulgar_auteurism" title="Vulgar auteurism">Vulgar auteurism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z_movie" title="Z movie">Z movie</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Film_genres" title="Category:Film genres">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Film_studies" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Film_studies" title="Template:Film studies"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Film_studies" title="Template talk:Film studies"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Film_studies" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Film studies"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Film_studies" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Film_studies" title="Film studies">Film studies</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Film_theory" title="Film theory">Approaches</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Analytic_philosophy" title="Analytic philosophy">Analytic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cognitivism_(aesthetics)" title="Cognitivism (aesthetics)">Cognitive film theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_poetics" title="Historical poetics">Historical poetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linguistic_film_theory" title="Linguistic film theory">Linguistic film theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoformalism_(film_theory)" class="mw-redirect" title="Neoformalism (film theory)">Neoformalism</a></li></ul></li> <li>Classical <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Formalist_film_theory" title="Formalist film theory">Formalist film theory</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_philosophy" title="Continental philosophy">Continental</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_film_theory" title="Feminist film theory">Feminist film theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_semiotics" title="Film semiotics">Film semiotics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxist_film_theory" title="Marxist film theory">Marxist film theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychoanalytic_film_theory" title="Psychoanalytic film theory">Psychoanalytic film theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screen_theory" title="Screen theory">Screen theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structuralist_film_theory" title="Structuralist film theory">Structuralist film theory</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_criticism" title="Film criticism">Critical methods</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auteur_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Auteur theory">Auteur theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schreiber_theory" title="Schreiber theory">Schreiber theory</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Scholars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/David_Bordwell" title="David Bordwell">David Bordwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Elsaesser" title="Thomas Elsaesser">Thomas Elsaesser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergei_Eisenstein" title="Sergei Eisenstein">Sergei Eisenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_MacCabe" title="Colin MacCabe">Colin MacCabe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Metz_(theorist)" title="Christian Metz (theorist)">Christian Metz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laura_Mulvey" title="Laura Mulvey">Laura Mulvey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kristin_Thompson" title="Kristin Thompson">Kristin Thompson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_film_periodicals" title="List of film periodicals">Academic journals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Cinema_Journal" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinema Journal">Cinema Journal</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Film_Quarterly" title="Film Quarterly">Film Quarterly</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Historical_Journal_of_Film,_Radio_and_Television" title="Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television">Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Film_and_Video" title="Journal of Film and Video">Journal of Film and Video</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Popular_Film_%26_Television" title="Journal of Popular Film & Television">Journal of Popular Film & Television</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/New_Review_of_Film_and_Television_Studies" title="New Review of Film and Television Studies">New Review of Film and Television Studies</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Screen_(journal)" title="Screen (journal)">Screen</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Velvet_Light_Trap" title="The Velvet Light Trap">The Velvet Light Trap</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Television_%26_New_Media" title="Television & New Media">Television & New Media</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Video-x-generic.svg/16px-Video-x-generic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Video-x-generic.svg/24px-Video-x-generic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Video-x-generic.svg/32px-Video-x-generic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Film" title="Portal:Film">Film portal</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" 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