Time Realization and Distribution Group

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tablet-lg:grid-col-8"> <div class="text-with-summary"> <p>The Time Realization and Distribution group distributes standard time and frequency signals generated by the Coordinated Universal Time scale, UTC(NIST), maintained at the NIST laboratories in Boulder, Colorado. UTC(NIST) is the U. S. national standard for time-of-day, time interval, and frequency.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="grid-container margin-top-4"> <div class="grid-row grid-gap-6"> <aside class="nist-page__region nist-page__region--sidebar-first tablet-lg:grid-col-4 desktop-lg:grid-col-3"> <div>  <div data-elastic-exclude="" class="nist-block" > <nav> <ul class="usa-sidenav usa-accordion "> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/pml" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Laboratory Homepage</a> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/pml/time-and-frequency-division" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Division Homepage</a> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="http://time.gov/" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Official United States Time</a> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item usa-sidenav__item--parent"> <a href="/org/time-and-frequency-division/groups" class="usa-current" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Groups</a> <button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="true" aria-controls="menu-time-and-frequency-4"><span class="usa-sr-only">Expand or Collapse</span></button> <ul id="menu-time-and-frequency-4" class="usa-sidenav__sublist usa-accordion"> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/pml/time-and-frequency-division/atomic-devices-and-instrumentation" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Atomic Devices and Instrumentation</a> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/pml/time-and-frequency-division/ion-storage" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Ion Storage</a> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/pml/time-and-frequency-division/neutral-atom-optical-clocks" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Neutral Atom Optical Clocks</a> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/pml/time-and-frequency-division/time-and-frequency-metrology" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Phase Noise Metrology</a> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/pml/time-and-frequency-division/precision-photonic-synthesis" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Precision Photonic Synthesis</a> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/pml/time-and-frequency-division/quantum-nonlinear-nanophotonics" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Quantum & Nonlinear Nanophotonics</a> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/pml/time-and-frequency-division/time-services" class="usa-current" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Time Realization and Distribution</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="https://tf.nist.gov/general/publications.htm" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Publications</a> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/staff/division/5961" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Staff Directory</a> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item usa-sidenav__item--parent"> <a href="/pml/time-and-frequency-division/time-distribution" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Time Distribution</a> <button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="menu-time-and-frequency-7"><span class="usa-sr-only">Expand or Collapse</span></button> <ul id="menu-time-and-frequency-7" class="usa-sidenav__sublist usa-accordion"> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/pml/time-and-frequency-division/time-distribution/automated-computer-time-service-acts" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Automated Computer Time Service (ACTS)</a> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/pml/time-and-frequency-division/services/gps-data-archive" data-drupal-link-system-path="">GPS Data Archive</a> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/time-distribution/gps-time-transfer" data-drupal-link-system-path="">GPS Time Transfer</a> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/pml/time-and-frequency-division/time-distribution/internet-time-service-its" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Internet Time Service (ITS)</a> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/pml/time-and-frequency-division/time-distribution/radio-station-wwv" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Radio Station WWV</a> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/pml/time-and-frequency-division/time-distribution/radio-station-wwvb" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Radio Station WWVB</a> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/pml/time-and-frequency-division/time-distribution/radio-station-wwvh" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Radio Station WWVH</a> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/programs-projects/frequency-measurement-and-analysis-service-fmas" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Remote Frequency Calibrations (FMAS)</a> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/programs-projects/time-measurement-and-analysis-service-tmas" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Remote Time Calibrations (TMAS)</a> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/pml/time-and-frequency-division/time-distribution/radio-station-wwv/telephone-time-day-service" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Telephone Time-of-Day (TTDS)</a> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/pml/time-and-frequency-division/time-distribution/two-way-satellite-time-and-frequency-transfer" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Two-Way Satellite Time and Frequency Transfer (TWSTFT)</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item usa-sidenav__item--parent"> <a href="/pml/time-and-frequency-division/time-realization" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Time Realization</a> <button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="menu-time-and-frequency-8"><span class="usa-sr-only">Expand or Collapse</span></button> <ul id="menu-time-and-frequency-8" class="usa-sidenav__sublist usa-accordion"> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/pml/time-and-frequency-division/time-realization/leap-seconds" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Leap Seconds</a> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/pml/time-and-frequency-division/time-realization/cesium-fountain-atomic-clocks" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Cesium Fountain Atomic Clocks</a> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/pml/time-and-frequency-division/time-realization/time-scale-data-and-bulletin-archive" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Time Scale Data and Bulletin Archive</a> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/pml/time-and-frequency-division/time-realization/utcnist-time-scale" data-drupal-link-system-path="">UTC(NIST) Time Scale</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </nav> </div>  </div> </aside> <div class="nist-page__region nist-page__region--content tablet-lg:grid-col-8 desktop-lg:grid-col-9" > <div class="nist-block" > <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--hero paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="nist-hero grid-row grid-gap-2"> <div class="nist-hero__item tablet:grid-col-12 "> <div class="nist-hero__item-inner"> <div class="nist-hero__image"> <a href=""> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/1200_wide/public/images/2023/05/20/time-realization-and-distribution-group.png.webp?itok=bjCBOE-K 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/2400_wide/public/images/2023/05/20/time-realization-and-distribution-group.png.webp?itok=Tki57h5D 2x" media="(min-width: 1200px)" type="image/webp" width="1200" height="799"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/600_wide/public/images/2023/05/20/time-realization-and-distribution-group.png.webp?itok=uWp9hRF7 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/1200_wide/public/images/2023/05/20/time-realization-and-distribution-group.png.webp?itok=bjCBOE-K 2x" media="(min-width: 480px)" type="image/webp" width="600" height="399"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/300_wide/public/images/2023/05/20/time-realization-and-distribution-group.png.webp?itok=m8NpNho3 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/600_wide/public/images/2023/05/20/time-realization-and-distribution-group.png.webp?itok=uWp9hRF7 2x" media="(min-width: 0px)" type="image/webp" width="300" height="200"/> <img loading="eager" src="/sites/default/files/styles/1200_wide/public/images/2023/05/20/time-realization-and-distribution-group.png.jpg?itok=bjCBOE-K" width="1200" height="799" alt="time realization and distribution group members" typeof="foaf:Image" /> </picture> </a> </div> <div class="nist-hero__caption"> <a href=""> <div class="text">Time Realization and Distribution Group</div> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="nist-content-row nist-content-row--width-legible paragraph paragraph--type--text paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="nist-block text-long"><p>One of NIST's mission essential functions is to provide the United States with official sources of time and frequency. Our group fulfills this mission by operating and continuously analyzing a large ensemble of commercial atomic clocks. Briefly, an atomic clock measures the passage of time by counting oscillations of an electronic signal kept resonant with a state transition in an atom, engineered for insensitivity to the surrounding environment or perturbing effects like magnetic field fluctuations.</p> <p>The stability and robustness of the derived timing signal, called <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="b2d9874a-d7ae-4aae-bf26-749f4095459f" href="/pml/time-and-frequency-division/time-realization/utcnist-time-scale" title="UTC(NIST) Time Scale">UTC(NIST)</a>, is enhanced by averaging across the clock ensemble. The accuracy of UTC(NIST) is ensured by regular comparisons with primary frequency references---devices like the <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="2886c60e-2b45-48c9-845b-67f69b40e58e" href="/pml/time-and-frequency-division/time-realization/cesium-fountain-atomic-clocks" title="NIST’s Cesium Fountain Atomic Clocks">cesium atomic fountain</a> that attempt to realize a microwave frequency closely based on the definition of the International System (SI) second in terms of an unperturbed state transition in the cesium atom---and by regular comparisons with other national metrology laboratories. We keep UTC(NIST) closely aligned with the international atomic time scale Coordinated Universal Time (UTC); our typical time offsets are at the 1 nanosecond level with frequency offsets of about 1 x 10<sup>-15</sup>.</p> <p>We distribute NIST time and frequency signals freely to the public (e.g. <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="7f3ea4b1-a4dc-4fb8-ab17-8e78e6a217e4" href="/pml/time-and-frequency-division/time-distribution/internet-time-service-its" title="NIST Internet Time Service (ITS)">the Internet Time Service</a>, <a href="https://time.gov">time.gov website</a>, <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="1dac7986-4597-4d1f-9dce-523e0d53d147" href="/pml/time-and-frequency-division/time-distribution/radio-station-wwv" title="Radio Station WWV">WWV</a>, <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="7adae22d-3710-4706-9ef2-8dbb1f049181" href="/pml/time-and-frequency-division/time-distribution/radio-station-wwvb" title="Radio Station WWVB">WWVB</a>, and <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="c9215bba-0c4a-4c1b-ab72-3a4a5b051045" href="/pml/time-and-frequency-division/time-distribution/radio-station-wwvh" title="Radio Station WWVH">WWVH</a> radio stations). For customers who need UTC(NIST) at higher accuracies or that require a controlled or calibrated transfer medium, we offer remote calibration services (e.g. <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="d613428d-8936-4bd0-a944-e9694b5b2204" href="/programs-projects/time-measurement-and-analysis-service-tmas" title="Time Measurement and Analysis Service (TMAS)">TMAS</a>, <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="55c190c4-f711-412e-8424-834ba9f5db46" href="/programs-projects/frequency-measurement-and-analysis-service-fmas" title="Frequency Measurement and Analysis Service (FMAS)">FMAS</a>) and direct links (e.g. <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="bc8bbac3-cd6e-4a22-b78a-2cba7e7683fa" href="/pml/time-and-frequency-division/time-services/time-over-fiber" title="Time Over Fiber">Time over Fiber</a>, Time over Satellite). We publish measurements of UTC(NIST) against timing signals from the <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="8ab67339-90bc-40d5-bd63-a9eb5ddbd772" href="/pml/time-and-frequency-division/services/gps-data-archive" title="GPS Data Archive">Global Positioning System (GPS)</a>, other global satellite navigation systems (GNSS), and support time transfer methods using GNSS satellites as transfer oscillators. We also offer calibration services for oscillators, commercial atomic clocks, and <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="7903f3de-5a68-4b37-be3b-eb342b909fbc" href="/pml/time-and-frequency-division/time-services/calibration-services-time-and-frequency-division" title="Calibration Services in the Time and Frequency Division">GPS/GNSS receivers</a>. The group supports US industry and other agencies with <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="312716a4-a83c-4fdb-b6e8-22d4626c5af5" href="/additive-manufacturing/work-us-0/cradas" title="Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA)">Collaborative Research and Development Agreements (CRADAs)</a> and technology transfer partnerships.</p> <p>Finally, the group incorporates state-of-the-art developments in time and frequency metrology, such as <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="7337be56-acdc-49b3-a9f6-43bec7c2ad5f" href="/programs-projects/trapped-sr-ion-clock-secondary-realization-si-second" title="Trapped Sr+ ion clock; a secondary realization of the SI second">optical atomic clocks</a>, and supports NIST laboratory research programs.</p> <ul> <li><a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="b4d1767e-6658-4abb-b863-8d8b77c933eb" href="/pml/time-and-frequency-division/time-distribution" title="Time Distribution">Time Distribution</a></li> <li><a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="1e3a9302-75d1-4e3e-a259-793826e42647" href="/pml/time-and-frequency-division/time-realization" title="Time Realization">Time Realization</a></li> </ul></div> </div> <div class="nist-content-row nist-content-row--width-legible paragraph paragraph--type--text paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="nist-block text-long"><h2 class="nist-block__title">NBS/NIST Radio Stations: The Story of an Old Timer</h2> <div class="grid-row grid-gap"> <div class="grid-col-3"> <div class="align-center nist-image"> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/480_x_480_limit/public/images/2017/02/27/nbs-commerce.jpg?itok=FSjn8Gn4" width="480" height="257" alt="NBS/DOC" loading="lazy" typeof="foaf:Image"> </div> </div> <div class="grid-col-9"> <p>This <a href="https://www.nist.gov/pml/nbsnist-radio-stations-story-old-timer">series of webpages</a> will lead you on a journey on the history of the NBS/NIST radio stations. You can watch a <a href="https://www.nist.gov/video/nist-colloquium-nbsnist-radio-stations-story-old-timer">video</a> as well.</p> </div> </div></div> </div> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--dynamic-content-list-ou paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="nist-block " > <h2 class="nist-block__title" > <div class="string">News and Updates</div> </h2> <div class="viewsreference"><div class="views-element-container"><div class="js-view-dom-id-26e81414fe33c6d0f89d5c826bf8a307817512fd4701e8d51b7f65479742823c"> <div> <article about="/news-events/news/2024/08/what-time-it-moon" typeof="schema:Article" class="nist-teaser" > <div class="nist-teaser__image"> <div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/news-events/news/2024/08/what-time-it-moon" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2024/08/06/orion_earthrise_credit-nasa.jpg?itok=2UfzTYS6" width="100" height="52" alt="Illustration shows a spacecraft orbiting the Moon with the Earth visible in the background over the lunar horizon." typeof="foaf:Image" /> </a> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/news-events/news/2024/08/what-time-it-moon"><span property="schema:name">What Time Is It on the Moon?</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__date"> <div class="daterange"><time datetime="2024-08-12T12:00:00Z">August 12, 2024</time> </div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div property="schema:text" class="text-with-summary"> New lunar time proposal is a first step for Moon GPS. </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div> <article about="/news-events/news/2024/05/spotlight-geomagnetic-storm-creates-bright-northern-lights-while-also" typeof="schema:Article" class="nist-teaser" > <div class="nist-teaser__image"> <div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/news-events/news/2024/05/spotlight-geomagnetic-storm-creates-bright-northern-lights-while-also" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2024/05/21/northern_lights.jpg?itok=ZY1Gp4ui" width="100" height="67" alt="A photo of the night sky with greenish lights on the right." typeof="foaf:Image" /> </a> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/news-events/news/2024/05/spotlight-geomagnetic-storm-creates-bright-northern-lights-while-also"><span property="schema:name">Spotlight: Geomagnetic Storm Creates Bright Northern Lights While Also Affecting NIST’s Cesium Clocks</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__date"> <div class="daterange"><time datetime="2024-05-21T12:00:00Z">May 21, 2024</time> </div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div property="schema:text" class="text-with-summary"> Did you see the northern lights recently? NIST’s cesium fountain clocks did. </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div> <article about="/news-events/news/2024/01/spotlight-disseminating-time-signals-far-and-wide-nists-radio-stations" typeof="schema:Article" class="nist-teaser" > <div class="nist-teaser__image"> <div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/news-events/news/2024/01/spotlight-disseminating-time-signals-far-and-wide-nists-radio-stations" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2024/02/01/WWVH_QSL_card.png?itok=YYcXdUF7" width="66" height="100" alt="A sunset. Text reads: "Radio Station WWVH. Reception Report, 15.0 MHz. Serial #23818. Date 4/7/2023."" typeof="foaf:Image" /> </a> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/news-events/news/2024/01/spotlight-disseminating-time-signals-far-and-wide-nists-radio-stations"><span property="schema:name">Spotlight: Disseminating Time Signals Far and Wide With NIST’s Radio Stations</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__date"> <div class="daterange"><time datetime="2024-01-31T12:00:00Z">January 31, 2024</time> </div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div property="schema:text" class="text-with-summary"> There are dedicated, enthusiastic people in this world who have made a cause (and hobby) out of saying, “I heard that.” NIST is keenly aware. We’re talking </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <footer> <div class="link-list"><a href="/news-events/news-updates/org/6601">View All News and Updates</a></div> </footer> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--dynamic-content-list-ou paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="nist-block " > <h2 class="nist-block__title" > <div class="string">Projects and Programs</div> </h2> <div class="viewsreference"><div class="views-element-container"><div class="js-view-dom-id-b29ef7d737d8cd910e4948eb1b7ad6218d40679ba70438eba9c832e1ecdc09fc"> <div> <article about="/programs-projects/frequency-measurement-and-analysis-service-fmas" class="nist-teaser" > <div class="nist-teaser__image"> <div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/programs-projects/frequency-measurement-and-analysis-service-fmas" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2016/08/30/nistfmas_1.jpg?itok=UyLlE4-2" width="100" height="78" alt="NIST FMAS" typeof="foaf:Image" /> </a> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/programs-projects/frequency-measurement-and-analysis-service-fmas"><span>Frequency Measurement and Analysis Service (FMAS)</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__type"> <div class="nist-badge display-inline-block margin-y-1 nist-badge--blue boolean">Ongoing</div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-with-summary"> Subscribers to the NIST service receive a complete frequency measurement system which includes everything needed to make precision frequency measurements that are traceable to NIST. An easy-to-read instruction manual makes installation a snap. Once the system is installed, it's easy to get started </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div> <article about="/programs-projects/time-measurement-and-analysis-service-tmas" class="nist-teaser" > <div class="nist-teaser__image"> <div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/programs-projects/time-measurement-and-analysis-service-tmas" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2017/12/08/nistdo_chassis.png?itok=4Ns8TBSa" width="100" height="55" alt="NIST disciplined clock chassis" typeof="foaf:Image" /> </a> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/programs-projects/time-measurement-and-analysis-service-tmas"><span>Time Measurement and Analysis Service (TMAS)</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__type"> <div class="nist-badge display-inline-block margin-y-1 nist-badge--blue boolean">Ongoing</div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-with-summary"> The TMAS meets the requirements of any facility or organization that needs to maintain a high accuracy time standard. TMAS customers include calibration and metrology laboratories, telecommunication providers, instrumentation manufacturers, military installations, defense contractors, government </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div> <article about="/programs-projects/trapped-sr-ion-clock-secondary-realization-si-second" class="nist-teaser" > <div class="nist-teaser__image"> <div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/programs-projects/trapped-sr-ion-clock-secondary-realization-si-second" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2023/05/16/trap-assembly.png?itok=UYBPt7pO" width="100" height="60" alt="trap assembly" typeof="foaf:Image" /> </a> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/programs-projects/trapped-sr-ion-clock-secondary-realization-si-second"><span>Trapped Sr+ ion clock; a secondary realization of the SI second</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__type"> <div class="nist-badge display-inline-block margin-y-1 nist-badge--blue boolean">Ongoing</div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-with-summary"> The single 88Sr + clock is attractive for both its frequency accuracy and for its relative simplicity. The 674 nm clock transition has been independently studied at several NMI’s at the 10 -17 level [1-4]. Advances in light source technology [5,6] may allow operation with just two lasers: one for </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <footer> <div class="link-list"><a href="/laboratories/projects-programs/org/6601">View All Projects/Programs</a></div> </footer> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--dynamic-content-list-ou paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="nist-block " > <h2 class="nist-block__title" > <div class="string">Publications</div> </h2> <div class="viewsreference"><div class="views-element-container"><div class="js-view-dom-id-4aad7c80601fa0d41c15dc004932c617bae0f40aeb57c9d951c9bf841b098d95"> <div> <article about="/publications/dissemination-utcnist-over-20-km-commercial-optical-fiber-active-phase-stabilization" class="nist-teaser" > <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/publications/dissemination-utcnist-over-20-km-commercial-optical-fiber-active-phase-stabilization"><span>Dissemination of UTC(NIST) over 20 km of commercial optical fiber with active phase stabilization</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__date"> <div class="daterange"><time datetime="2024-05-02T12:00:00Z">May 2, 2024</time> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__type"> <div class="nist-field nist-field--label-inline text-long"> <div class="nist-field__label">Author(s)</div> <div class="nist-field__item">Jacob VanArsdale, <span class="nist-author">Matthew J. Deutch</span>, <span class="nist-author">Michael A. Lombardi</span>, <span class="nist-author">Glenn Nelson</span>, <span class="nist-author">Jeffrey Sherman</span>, <span class="nist-author">James Spicer</span>, <span class="nist-author">William Yates</span>, Dylan Yost, Samuel Brewer</div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-with-summary"> We demonstrate the transfer of a cesium frequency standard steered to UTC(NIST) over 20 km of dark telecom optical fiber. Our dissemination scheme uses an </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div> <article about="/publications/evaluating-common-view-time-transfer-using-low-cost-dual-frequency-gnss-receiver" class="nist-teaser" > <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/publications/evaluating-common-view-time-transfer-using-low-cost-dual-frequency-gnss-receiver"><span>Evaluating Common-View Time Transfer Using a Low-Cost Dual-Frequency GNSS Receiver</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__date"> <div class="daterange"><time datetime="2024-02-15T12:00:00Z">February 15, 2024</time> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__type"> <div class="nist-field nist-field--label-inline text-long"> <div class="nist-field__label">Author(s)</div> <div class="nist-field__item"><span class="nist-author">Aidan Montare</span>, <span class="nist-author">Andrew Novick</span>, <span class="nist-author">Jeffrey Sherman</span></div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-with-summary"> Common-view time transfer can be performed using either single (L1) or dual (L1/L2) frequency global navigation satellite system (GNSS) signals. Using dual </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div> <article about="/publications/long-term-timing-performance-satellite-time-and-location-receivers-utilizing-signals" class="nist-teaser" > <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/publications/long-term-timing-performance-satellite-time-and-location-receivers-utilizing-signals"><span>The Long-Term Timing Performance of Satellite Time and Location Receivers Utilizing Signals from Low Earth Orbit Satellites</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__date"> <div class="daterange"><time datetime="2024-01-25T12:00:00Z">January 25, 2024</time> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__type"> <div class="nist-field nist-field--label-inline text-long"> <div class="nist-field__label">Author(s)</div> <div class="nist-field__item"><span class="nist-author">Andrew Novick</span>, Peter Johnson</div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-with-summary"> We present the long-term timing accuracy of STL receivers by validating their performance against UTC(NIST), the timing reference at the National Institute of </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div> <article about="/publications/statistics-quantifying-aging-time-transfer-system-delays" class="nist-teaser" > <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/publications/statistics-quantifying-aging-time-transfer-system-delays"><span>Statistics for quantifying aging in time transfer system delays</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__date"> <div class="daterange"><time datetime="2023-11-10T12:00:00Z">November 10, 2023</time> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__type"> <div class="nist-field nist-field--label-inline text-long"> <div class="nist-field__label">Author(s)</div> <div class="nist-field__item"><span class="nist-author">Tom Parker</span>, <span class="nist-author">Roger Brown</span>, <span class="nist-author">Jeffrey Sherman</span></div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-with-summary"> The time delays in time transfer systems such as Two-Way Satellite Time and Frequency Transfer (TWSTFT), or GPS carrier phase (GPSCP) change over time. A double </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <footer> <div class="link-list"><a href="/publications/search/all">View All Publications</a></div> </footer> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--dynamic-content-list-ou paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="nist-block " > <h2 class="nist-block__title" > <div class="string">Awards</div> </h2> <div class="viewsreference"><div class="views-element-container"><div class="js-view-dom-id-741fd4b9c06a89a24d18d7264db42ce77d7c79ce43edd67b59e84f9efb1c02dd"> <div> <article about="/awards/2022-distinguished-associate-award-vladislav-gerginov" class="nist-teaser" > <div class="nist-teaser__image"> <div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/awards/2022-distinguished-associate-award-vladislav-gerginov" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2023/04/26/Gerginov.png?itok=L6HKOoSg" width="100" height="56" alt="Vladi Gerginov" typeof="foaf:Image" /> </a> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/awards/2022-distinguished-associate-award-vladislav-gerginov"><span>2022 Distinguished Associate Award - Vladislav Gerginov</span> </a></h3> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-long"> For long-term and extraordinary contributions in support of NIST’s atomic clock and sensing programs. </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div> <article about="/awards/distinguished-ptti-service-award-michael-lombardi" class="nist-teaser" > <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/awards/distinguished-ptti-service-award-michael-lombardi"><span>Distinguished PTTI Service Award - Michael A. Lombardi</span> </a></h3> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-long"> Mr. Lombardi was recognized for system development and leadership in the successful delivery of the U.S. time and frequency standards </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div> <article about="/nist-awards/2020-edward-uhler-condon-award-glenn-nelson" class="nist-teaser" > <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/nist-awards/2020-edward-uhler-condon-award-glenn-nelson"><span>2020 - Edward Uhler Condon Award---Glenn Nelson</span> </a></h3> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="string-long">For his exemplary historical review article commemorating the 100th anniversary of NIST radio station WWV.</div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div> <article about="/awards/2019-distinguished-associate-award-jian-yao" class="nist-teaser" > <div class="nist-teaser__image"> <div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/awards/2019-distinguished-associate-award-jian-yao" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2020/06/22/JianYaoPhoto%20-%20Copy.png?itok=1ER5fZCU" width="79" height="100" alt="Jian Yao" typeof="foaf:Image" /> </a> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/awards/2019-distinguished-associate-award-jian-yao"><span>2019 Distinguished Associate Award - Jian Yao</span> </a></h3> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-long"> For creating and networking the world's best optical atomic clocks for a 100-fold improvement in precision timekeeping over state of the art </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <footer> <div class="link-list"><a href="/awards/org/6601">View All Awards</a></div> </footer> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--dynamic-content-list-ou paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="nist-block " > <h2 class="nist-block__title" > <div class="string">Press Coverage</div> </h2> <div class="viewsreference"><div class="views-element-container"><div class="js-view-dom-id-4e5b7ef957a8d74e6ed399ff7258145e052a7e04cdaf2035d9bf9600754623b0"> <div> <article about="/press-coverage/scientists-want-send-clocks-moon-mind-bending-reason" class="nist-teaser" > <div class="nist-teaser__image"> <div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/press-coverage/scientists-want-send-clocks-moon-mind-bending-reason" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2024/08/06/orion_earthrise_credit-nasa.jpg?itok=2UfzTYS6" width="100" height="52" alt="Illustration shows a spacecraft orbiting the Moon with the Earth visible in the background over the lunar horizon." typeof="foaf:Image" /> </a> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/press-coverage/scientists-want-send-clocks-moon-mind-bending-reason"><span>Scientists Want To Send Clocks To The Moon For A Mind-Bending Reason</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__type"> <div class="string">Giant Freakin Robot</div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__date"> <div class="datetime"><time datetime="2024-10-15T12:00:00Z">October 15, 2024</time> </div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-with-summary"> Scientists are grappling with how to tell time on the Moon, given that time passes slightly more quickly there than on Earth. The renewed race to occupy the </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div> <article about="/press-coverage/moon-time-thing-now-heres-why-it-matters-0" class="nist-teaser" > <div class="nist-teaser__image"> <div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/press-coverage/moon-time-thing-now-heres-why-it-matters-0" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2024/08/06/orion_earthrise_credit-nasa.jpg?itok=2UfzTYS6" width="100" height="52" alt="Illustration shows a spacecraft orbiting the Moon with the Earth visible in the background over the lunar horizon." typeof="foaf:Image" /> </a> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/press-coverage/moon-time-thing-now-heres-why-it-matters-0"><span>Moon time is a thing now—here’s why it matters</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__type"> <div class="string">Big Think</div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__date"> <div class="datetime"><time datetime="2024-10-03T12:00:00Z">October 3, 2024</time> </div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-with-summary"> On the moon, there is no normal. There is no wind, no rain, no erosion. Nothing flies overhead, and nothing green strains toward the sky. There are no daily </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div> <article about="/press-coverage/nasa-going-give-moon-time-zone" class="nist-teaser" > <div class="nist-teaser__image"> <div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/press-coverage/nasa-going-give-moon-time-zone" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2024/08/06/orion_earthrise_credit-nasa.jpg?itok=2UfzTYS6" width="100" height="52" alt="Illustration shows a spacecraft orbiting the Moon with the Earth visible in the background over the lunar horizon." typeof="foaf:Image" /> </a> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/press-coverage/nasa-going-give-moon-time-zone"><span>NASA Is Going to Give the Moon a Time Zone</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__type"> <div class="string">Vice</div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__date"> <div class="datetime"><time datetime="2024-09-30T12:00:00Z">September 30, 2024</time> </div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-with-summary"> NASA is developing Coordinated Lunar Time (CLT), a specialized time standard for future moon colonization effort. </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div> <article about="/press-coverage/moon-gps-coming" class="nist-teaser" > <div class="nist-teaser__image"> <div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/press-coverage/moon-gps-coming" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2024/08/06/orion_earthrise_credit-nasa.jpg?itok=2UfzTYS6" width="100" height="52" alt="Illustration shows a spacecraft orbiting the Moon with the Earth visible in the background over the lunar horizon." typeof="foaf:Image" /> </a> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/press-coverage/moon-gps-coming"><span>Moon GPS Is Coming</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__type"> <div class="string">Wired</div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__date"> <div class="datetime"><time datetime="2024-09-04T12:00:00Z">September 4, 2024</time> </div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-with-summary"> “You have arrived at your destination.” This phrase, delivered with robotic cadence, is familiar to anyone who uses satellite navigation systems to guide them </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="grid-row"> <div class="nist-resource-block nist-resource-block--first tablet:grid-col"> <div class="nist-resource-block__title-bar"> <div class="nist-resource-block__title"> <div class="nist-resource-block__icon"> <img aria-hidden=true role="img" alt="decorative icon" src="/themes/custom/nist_www/img/resource-icons/link-icon-2x.png" /> </div> <h2> <div class="string">SIM Time Scale</div> </h2> </div> </div> <div class="nist-resource-block__content"> <div class="nist-block" > <div class="text-long"><p>To support time and frequency metrology throughout the Americas, the Sistema Interamericano de Metrologia (SIM) Time and Frequency Metrology Working Group (TFMWG) maintains the SIM time scale (SIMT), the first continuously maintained multi-national ensemble time scale that is generated and published in real time (updated every hour). SIMT complements the world's official time scale, Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), by providing real time support to operational timing and calibration systems in the SIM region. The stability of SIMT is superior to most SIM local time scales and SIMT also provides a good approximation of UTC timing accuracy (±15 ns).</p> <p><a href="http://tf.nist.gov/sim/">View website >></a></p></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="nist-resource-block nist-resource-block--second nist-resource-block--green tablet:grid-col"> <div class="nist-resource-block__title-bar"> <div class="nist-resource-block__title"> <div class="nist-resource-block__icon"> <img aria-hidden=true role="img" alt="decorative icon" src="/themes/custom/nist_www/img/resource-icons/product-icon-2x.png" /> </div> <h2> <div class="string">Standard Reference Instruments (SRI)</div> </h2> </div> </div> <div class="nist-resource-block__content"> <div class="nist-block" > <div class="text-long"><p><span>NIST is consolidating its provision of reference instrumentation and devices into a new Standard Reference Instrumentation (SRI) program.</span></p> <p><a href="https://www.nist.gov/sri"><span>View website>></span></a></p></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="grid-container"> <div class="nist-page__region nist-page__region--content-bottom" > <div class="nist-block nist-block--contact" > <h2 class="nist-block__title" >Contacts</h2> <div class="nist-contact"> <h3 class="nist-contact__heading">Group Leader</h3> <ul class="nist-contact__items"> <li about="/people/michael-lombardi" class="nist-contact__item"> <div class="nist-contact__name"><a href="/people/michael-lombardi" title="View staff profile page">Michael A. Lombardi</a></div> <div> <a href="mailto:michael.lombardi@nist.gov">michael.lombardi@nist.gov</a> </div> <div> (303) 497-3212 </div> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="nist-contact"> <h3 class="nist-contact__heading">Staff</h3> <ul class="nist-contact__items"> <li about="/people/ladan-arissian" class="nist-contact__item"> <div class="nist-contact__name"><a href="/people/ladan-arissian" title="View staff profile page">Ladan Arissian</a></div> <div> <a href="mailto:ladan.arissian@nist.gov">ladan.arissian@nist.gov</a> </div> <div> (303) 497-5110 </div> </li> <li about="/people/roger-brown" class="nist-contact__item"> <div class="nist-contact__name"><a href="/people/roger-brown" title="View staff profile page">Roger Brown</a></div> <div> <a href="mailto:roger.brown@nist.gov">roger.brown@nist.gov</a> </div> <div> (303) 497-6971 </div> </li> <li about="/people/gregory-hoth" class="nist-contact__item"> <div class="nist-contact__name"><a href="/people/gregory-hoth" title="View staff profile page">Gregory Hoth</a></div> <div> <a href="mailto:gregory.hoth@nist.gov">gregory.hoth@nist.gov</a> </div> <div> (303) 497-4414 </div> </li> <li about="/people/aidan-montare" class="nist-contact__item"> <div class="nist-contact__name"><a href="/people/aidan-montare" title="View staff profile page">Aidan Montare</a></div> <div> <a href="mailto:aidan.montare@nist.gov">aidan.montare@nist.gov</a> </div> <div> (303) 497-5259 </div> </li> <li about="/people/andrew-novick" class="nist-contact__item"> <div class="nist-contact__name"><a href="/people/andrew-novick" title="View staff profile page">Andrew Novick</a></div> <div> <a href="mailto:andrew.novick@nist.gov">andrew.novick@nist.gov</a> </div> <div> (303) 497-3378 </div> </li> <li about="/people/bijunath-r-patla" class="nist-contact__item"> <div class="nist-contact__name"><a href="/people/bijunath-r-patla" title="View staff profile page">Bijunath R. 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