CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Spurn - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"8ef9258c-7878-4a1d-b1c8-735f8050531e","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Spurn","wgTitle":"Spurn","wgCurRevisionId":1254092747,"wgRevisionId":1254092747,"wgArticleId":108238,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas","Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the DGRG without Wikisource reference","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Use British English from April 2015","Use dmy dates from April 2023","Articles with OS grid coordinates","Coordinates on Wikidata","Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text","Infobox mapframe without OSM relation ID on Wikidata", "Pages using infobox lighthouse with custom Wikidata item","All articles using infobox lighthouse","Commons category link is on Wikidata","Pages using the Kartographer extension","National nature reserves in England","Special Protection Areas in England","Islands of the Humber","Humber","Nature reserves in the East Riding of Yorkshire","Yorkshire Wildlife Trust reserves","Bird observatories in England","Yorkshire coast","Spits of England","Easington, East Riding of Yorkshire"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Spurn","wgRelevantArticleId":108238,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgRedirectedFrom":"Spurn_Head","wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{ "pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":30000,"wgInternalRedirectTargetUrl":"/wiki/Spurn","wgCoordinates":{"lat":53.575955,"lon":0.111454},"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q542839","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user": "ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","ext.kartographer.style":"ready","mediawiki.page.gallery.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["mediawiki.action.view.redirect","ext.cite.ux-enhancements","ext.kartographer.staticframe","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init", "ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.kartographer.style%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cmediawiki.page.gallery.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Spurn_point_with_lighthouse.kirin.jpeg/1200px-Spurn_point_with_lighthouse.kirin.jpeg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="900"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Spurn_point_with_lighthouse.kirin.jpeg/800px-Spurn_point_with_lighthouse.kirin.jpeg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="600"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Spurn_point_with_lighthouse.kirin.jpeg/640px-Spurn_point_with_lighthouse.kirin.jpeg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="480"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Spurn - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spurn"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Spurn&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spurn"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Spurn rootpage-Spurn skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Spurn" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Spurn" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Spurn" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Spurn" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ecology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ecology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Ecology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ecology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lighthouses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lighthouses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Lighthouses</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Lighthouses-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Lighthouses subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Lighthouses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Old_High_and_Low_Lights" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Old_High_and_Low_Lights"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Old High and Low Lights</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Old_High_and_Low_Lights-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_new_Spurn_Lighthouse" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_new_Spurn_Lighthouse"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>The new Spurn Lighthouse</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_new_Spurn_Lighthouse-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Spurn</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 7 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-7" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">7 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentir_Spurn" title="Pentir Spurn – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Pentir Spurn" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabo_Spurn" title="Cabo Spurn – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cabo Spurn" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spurn" title="Spurn – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Spurn" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spurn" title="Spurn – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Spurn" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spurn" title="Spurn – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Spurn" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spurn" title="Spurn – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Spurn" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD" title="Спурн – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Спурн" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q542839#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spurn" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Spurn" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spurn"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spurn&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spurn&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spurn"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spurn&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spurn&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Spurn" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Spurn" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spurn&oldid=1254092747" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spurn&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Spurn&id=1254092747&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSpurn"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSpurn"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Spurn&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spurn&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Spurn" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q542839" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Spurn&params=53.575955_N_0.111454_E_region:GB_type:city(50)"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">53°34′33″N</span> <span class="longitude">0°06′41″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">53.575955°N 0.111454°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">53.575955; 0.111454</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Spurn_Head&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Spurn Head">Spurn Head</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Tidal island in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other meanings, see <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/spurn" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:spurn">wiktionary:spurn</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Spithead" title="Spithead">Spithead</a> in Hampshire.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Human settlement in England</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1165525471">.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place{border-collapse:collapse}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .infobox-label{width:40%}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .infobox-header{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .infobox-above{font-size:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place-other-names{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-top:3px}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place td,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedrow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}</style><table class="infobox ib-uk-place vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org nowrap">Spurn</th></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Spurn_point_with_lighthouse.kirin.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Spurn_point_with_lighthouse.kirin.jpeg/240px-Spurn_point_with_lighthouse.kirin.jpeg" decoding="async" width="240" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Spurn_point_with_lighthouse.kirin.jpeg/360px-Spurn_point_with_lighthouse.kirin.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Spurn_point_with_lighthouse.kirin.jpeg/480px-Spurn_point_with_lighthouse.kirin.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span><div>Spurn in May 2005, showing the lighthouse and sand-dunes.</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:240px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:240px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:240px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:East_Riding_of_Yorkshire_UK_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Spurn is located in East Riding of Yorkshire"><img alt="Spurn is located in East Riding of Yorkshire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/East_Riding_of_Yorkshire_UK_location_map.svg/240px-East_Riding_of_Yorkshire_UK_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/East_Riding_of_Yorkshire_UK_location_map.svg/360px-East_Riding_of_Yorkshire_UK_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/East_Riding_of_Yorkshire_UK_location_map.svg/480px-East_Riding_of_Yorkshire_UK_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1425" data-file-height="1107" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:97.507%;left:89.813%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Spurn"><img alt="Spurn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div>Spurn</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location within the <a href="/wiki/East_Riding_of_Yorkshire" title="East Riding of Yorkshire">East Riding of Yorkshire</a></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Population</th><td class="infobox-data">50 (approx)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ordnance_Survey_National_Grid" title="Ordnance Survey National Grid">OS grid reference</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bing.com/maps/?mkt=en-gb&v=2&cp=53.575132~0.111416&lvl=13&sp=Point.53.575132_0.111416_Spurn&sty=s&style=s">TA399108</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Civil_parish" title="Civil parish">Civil parish</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Easington,_East_Riding_of_Yorkshire" title="Easington, East Riding of Yorkshire">Easington</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_England" title="Districts of England">Unitary authority</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Riding_of_Yorkshire" title="East Riding of Yorkshire">East Riding of Yorkshire</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_counties_of_England" title="Ceremonial counties of England">Ceremonial county</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Riding_of_Yorkshire" title="East Riding of Yorkshire">East Riding of Yorkshire</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_England" title="Regions of England">Region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yorkshire_and_the_Humber" title="Yorkshire and the Humber">Yorkshire and the Humber</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow adr"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Countries_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Countries of the United Kingdom">Country</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="country-name"><a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign state</a></th><td class="infobox-data">United Kingdom</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Post_town" title="Post town">Post town</a></th><td class="infobox-data">HULL</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Postcodes_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Postcodes in the United Kingdom">Postcode district</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/HU_postcode_area" title="HU postcode area">HU12</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Telephone numbers in the United Kingdom">Dialling code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">01964</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_law_enforcement_agencies_in_the_United_Kingdom,_Crown_Dependencies_and_British_Overseas_Territories" title="List of law enforcement agencies in the United Kingdom, Crown Dependencies and British Overseas Territories">Police</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Humberside_Police" title="Humberside Police">Humberside</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Fire_services_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Fire services in the United Kingdom">Fire</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Humberside_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="Humberside Fire and Rescue Service">Humberside</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Emergency_medical_services_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Emergency medical services in the United Kingdom">Ambulance</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Yorkshire_Ambulance_Service" title="Yorkshire Ambulance Service">Yorkshire</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Constituencies_of_the_Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Constituencies of the Parliament of the United Kingdom">UK Parliament</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beverley_and_Holderness_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Beverley and Holderness (UK Parliament constituency)">Beverley and Holderness</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"> <dl><dt><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">List of places</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Kingdom_locations" title="List of United Kingdom locations">UK</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_in_England" title="List of places in England">England</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_in_Yorkshire" title="List of places in Yorkshire">Yorkshire</a></dd></dl></div> <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Spurn&params=53.575955_N_0.111454_E_region:GB_type:city(50)"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">53°34′33″N</span> <span class="longitude">0°06′41″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">53.575955°N 0.111454°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">53.575955; 0.111454</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Spurn</b> is a narrow sand <a href="/wiki/Tidal_island" title="Tidal island">tidal island</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> located off the tip of the coast of the <a href="/wiki/East_Riding_of_Yorkshire" title="East Riding of Yorkshire">East Riding of Yorkshire</a>, England that reaches into the <a href="/wiki/North_Sea" title="North Sea">North Sea</a> and forms the north bank of the mouth of the <a href="/wiki/Humber_Estuary" class="mw-redirect" title="Humber Estuary">Humber Estuary</a>. It was a <a href="/wiki/Spit_(landform)" title="Spit (landform)">spit</a> with a semi-permanent connection to the mainland, but a storm in 2013 made the road down to the end of Spurn impassable to vehicles at high tide.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The island is over three miles (five kilometres) long, almost half the width of the estuary at that point, and as little as 50 yards (45 metres) wide in places. The southernmost tip is known as <b>Spurn Head</b> or <b>Spurn Point</b> and was, until early 2023, the home to an <a href="/wiki/Royal_National_Lifeboat_Institution" title="Royal National Lifeboat Institution">RNLI</a> <a href="/wiki/Lifeboat_(rescue)" title="Lifeboat (rescue)">lifeboat</a> station and two disused lighthouses.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It forms part of the <a href="/wiki/Civil_parishes_in_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil parishes in England">civil parish</a> of <a href="/wiki/Easington,_East_Riding_of_Yorkshire" title="Easington, East Riding of Yorkshire">Easington</a>. </p><p>Spurn Head covers 280 acres (113 hectares) above high water and 450 acres (181 hectares) of foreshore. It has been owned since 1960 by the <a href="/wiki/Yorkshire_Wildlife_Trust" title="Yorkshire Wildlife Trust">Yorkshire Wildlife Trust</a> and is a designated <a href="/wiki/National_nature_reserve_(United_Kingdom)" title="National nature reserve (United Kingdom)">national nature reserve</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heritage_coast" title="Heritage coast">heritage coast</a> and is part of the Humber Flats, Marshes and Coast <a href="/wiki/Special_Protection_Area" title="Special Protection Area">Special Protection Area</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spurn&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Spurn_point_lighthouse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Spurn_point_lighthouse.jpg/220px-Spurn_point_lighthouse.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Spurn_point_lighthouse.jpg/330px-Spurn_point_lighthouse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Spurn_point_lighthouse.jpg/440px-Spurn_point_lighthouse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>Spurn Point Lighthouse in the distance</figcaption></figure> <p>Spurn Head was known to classical authors, such as <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy" title="Ptolemy">Ptolemy</a> as <i>Ocelum Promontorium</i> (<a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a>: <span lang="grc">Ὀκέλον ἄκρον</span>).<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the Middle Ages, Spurn Head was home to the port of <a href="/wiki/Ravenspurn" title="Ravenspurn">Ravenspurn</a> (a.k.a. Ravenspur or Ravensburgh), where <a href="/wiki/Henry_IV_of_England" title="Henry IV of England">Henry of Bolingbroke</a> landed in 1399 on his return to dethrone <a href="/wiki/Richard_II_of_England" title="Richard II of England">Richard II</a>. It was also where Sir <a href="/wiki/Martin_de_la_See" title="Martin de la See">Martin de la See</a> led the local resistance against <a href="/wiki/Edward_IV_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward IV of England">Edward IV</a>'s landing on 14 March 1471, as he was returning from his six months' exile in the Netherlands.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An earlier village, closer to the point of Spurn Head, was <a href="/wiki/Ravenser_Odd" title="Ravenser Odd">Ravenser Odd</a>. Along with many other villages on the <a href="/wiki/Holderness" title="Holderness">Holderness</a> coast, Ravenspurn and Ravenser Odd were lost to the encroachments of the sea, as Spurn Head, due to erosion and deposition of its sand, migrated westward.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Spurn_Head_Settlement.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Spurn_Head_Settlement.jpg/220px-Spurn_Head_Settlement.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Spurn_Head_Settlement.jpg/330px-Spurn_Head_Settlement.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Spurn_Head_Settlement.jpg/440px-Spurn_Head_Settlement.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Settlement on Spurn Head in 2009</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Humber_Lifeboat_Station" title="Humber Lifeboat Station">lifeboat station</a> at Spurn Head was built in 1810. Owing to the remote location, houses for the lifeboat crew and their families were added a few years later. By the 1870s a room in the high lighthouse was being used as a chapel for the small residential community on Spurn Head, serving 'the keepers, coast-guardsmen and fishermen who live at the Point'.<sup id="cite_ref-Elliot1875_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Elliot1875-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Spurn_8.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Spurn_8.jpg/220px-Spurn_8.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Spurn_8.jpg/330px-Spurn_8.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Spurn_8.jpg/440px-Spurn_8.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="3072" /></a><figcaption>Lighthouse at Spurn Point</figcaption></figure> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">First World War</a> two <a href="/wiki/Coastal_artillery" title="Coastal artillery">coastal artillery</a> 9.2-inch (230 mm) <a href="/wiki/Artillery_battery" title="Artillery battery">batteries</a> were added at either end of Spurn Head, with 4-and-4.7-inch (100 and 120 mm) quick-firing guns in between. The emplacements can be clearly seen, and the northern ones are particularly interesting as <a href="/wiki/Coastal_erosion" title="Coastal erosion">coastal erosion</a> has partly toppled them onto the beach, revealing the size of the concrete foundations very well. </p><p>As well as a road, the peninsula also used to have a <a href="/wiki/Spurn_Point_Military_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Spurn Point Military Railway">railway</a>, parts of which can still be seen. Unusual '<a href="/wiki/Sail_bogey" title="Sail bogey">sail bogies</a>' were used as well as more conventional light railway equipment.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following a <a href="/wiki/Storm_surge" title="Storm surge">tidal surge</a> in December 2013 the roadway became unsafe, and access to Spurn Point is on foot only, with a warning not to attempt this when exceptionally high tides are due.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Spurn has now become a <a href="/wiki/Tidal_island" title="Tidal island">tidal island</a>, as the narrowest part of the sandbank connection to the mainland is flooded with each high tide.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Plans to build a new visitor centre for the reserve were unveiled in September 2014 by Yorkshire Wildlife Trust (YWT).<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Planning consent for the initial plans was refused by <a href="/wiki/East_Riding_of_Yorkshire_Council" title="East Riding of Yorkshire Council">East Riding of Yorkshire Council</a> in July 2016<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but revised plans were approved in January 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These plans face local opposition because of the perceived feeling of commercialisation of the reserve by YWT, with plans to build extensive car park facilities, no longer free.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The new visitor centre was officially opened by <a href="/wiki/Simon_King_(broadcaster)" title="Simon King (broadcaster)">Simon King</a> on 20 March 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A February 2023 inspection of the RNLI launch jetty revealed structural issues, as a result the station was moved to <a href="/wiki/Grimsby" title="Grimsby">Grimsby</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spurn&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Spurn_in_1979.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Spurn_in_1979.jpg/220px-Spurn_in_1979.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Spurn_in_1979.jpg/330px-Spurn_in_1979.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Spurn_in_1979.jpg/440px-Spurn_in_1979.jpg 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption>Spurn Head from the air in 1979</figcaption></figure> <p>The spit is made up from sand, shingle and <a href="/wiki/Boulder_clay" title="Boulder clay">boulder clay</a> eroded from the Holderness coastline washed down the coastline from <a href="/wiki/Flamborough_Head" title="Flamborough Head">Flamborough Head</a>. Material is washed down the coast by <a href="/wiki/Longshore_drift" title="Longshore drift">longshore drift</a> and accumulates to form the long, narrow embankment in the sheltered waters inside the mouth of the Humber Estuary. It is maintained by plants, especially <a href="/wiki/Ammophila_(plant)" title="Ammophila (plant)">marram grass</a> (<i>Ammophila arenaria</i>). Waves carry material along the peninsula to the tip, continually extending it; as this action stretches the peninsula it also narrows it to the extent that the sea can cut across it in severe weather. When the sea cuts across it permanently, everything beyond the breach is swept away, only to eventually reform as a new spit pointing further south. This cycle of destruction and reconstruction occurs approximately every 250 years. More recently, Dr. John Pethick of Hull University put forward a different theory to explain the formation of Spurn Head. He suggests that the spit head has been a permanent feature since the end of the <a href="/wiki/Last_glacial_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Last glacial period">last ice age</a>, having developed on an underwater glacial <a href="/wiki/Moraine" title="Moraine">moraine</a>. As the ice sheets melted, sea level gradually rose and longshore drift caused a spit to form between this and other islands along the moraine. Under normal circumstances, the sea washes over the neck of the spit taking sand from the seaward side and redepositing it on the landward side. Over time, the whole spit, length intact, slips back – with the spit-head remaining on its glacial foundation. This process has now been affected by the protection of the spit put in place during the <a href="/wiki/Victorian_era" title="Victorian era">Victorian era</a>. This protection halted the wash-over process and resulted in the spit being even more exposed due to the rest of the coast moving back 110 yards (100 metres) since the 'protection' was constructed. The now crumbling defences will not be replaced and the spit will continue to move westwards at a rate of 6 feet 7 inches (2 metres) per year, keeping pace with the coastal erosion further north. </p><p>The second of the <i><a href="/wiki/Six_Studies_in_English_Folk_Song" title="Six Studies in English Folk Song">Six Studies in English Folk Song</a></i> composed in 1926 by <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Vaughan_Williams" title="Ralph Vaughan Williams">Ralph Vaughan Williams</a>, the <i>Andante sostenuto</i> in E flat "Spurn Point" celebrates this peninsula. </p><p>It was featured on the television programme <i><a href="/wiki/Seven_Natural_Wonders" title="Seven Natural Wonders">Seven Natural Wonders</a></i> as one of the wonders of Yorkshire. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ecology">Ecology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spurn&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Ecology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The landward-side mud flats are an important feeding ground for <a href="/wiki/Wader" title="Wader">wading birds</a>, and the area has a <a href="/wiki/Bird_observatory" title="Bird observatory">bird observatory</a>, for monitoring <a href="/wiki/Bird_migration" title="Bird migration">migrating</a> birds and providing accommodation to visiting birdwatchers. Their migration is assisted by east winds in autumn, resulting in <a href="/wiki/Drift_migration" title="Drift migration">drift migration</a> of <a href="/wiki/Scandinavia" title="Scandinavia">Scandinavian</a> migrants, sometimes leading to a spectacular "fall" of thousands of birds. Many uncommon species have been sighted there, including a <a href="/wiki/Petrochelidon" title="Petrochelidon">cliff swallow</a> from North America, a <a href="/wiki/Lanceolated_warbler" title="Lanceolated warbler">lanceolated warbler</a> from Siberia and a <a href="/wiki/Black-browed_albatross" title="Black-browed albatross">black-browed albatross</a> from the Southern Ocean. More commonly, birds such as <a href="/wiki/Northern_wheatear" title="Northern wheatear">northern wheatears</a>, <a href="/wiki/Whinchat" title="Whinchat">whinchats</a>, <a href="/wiki/Common_redstart" title="Common redstart">common redstarts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Old_World_flycatcher" title="Old World flycatcher">flycatchers</a> alight at Spurn on their way between breeding and wintering grounds elsewhere. When the wind is in the right direction migrants are funnelled down Spurn Point and are counted at the Narrows Watchpoint, more than 15,000 birds can fly past on a good morning in autumn with 3,000 quite normal. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lighthouses">Lighthouses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spurn&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Lighthouses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Lighthouse</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn">Spurn Point High<span class="qs" style="display: none;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons_to_Wikidata_QuickStatements.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="link=https://quickstatements.toolforge.org/#/v1=Q26365310%7CP31%7CQ39715%7C%7CQ26365310%7CP625%7C@53.578996%2F0.118325%7CS143%7CQ328%7C%7CQ26365310%7CP613%7C%22TA_40345_11239%22%7CS143%7CQ328%7C%7CQ26365310%7CP571%7C%2B1895-00-00T00%3A00%3A00Z%2F9%7CS143%7CQ328%7C%7CQ26365310%7CP730%7C%2B1985-00-00T00%3A00%3A00Z%2F9%7CS143%7CQ328%7C%7CQ26365310%7CP793%7CQ24410992%7CP585%7C%2B1957-00-00T00%3A00%3A00Z%2F9%7CS143%7CQ328%7C%7CQ26365310%7CP2048%7C128 ftU11573%7CS143%7CQ328%7C%7CQ26365310%7CP2929%7C17 nmiU93318%7CS143%7CQ328%7C%7CQ26365310%7CP1030%7C%22Fl%20W%2015%26nbsp%3Bs%3Cbr%3E%20Oc%20RW%20%28sector%20lights%29%22%7CS143%7CQ328%7C%7CQ26365310%7CP18%7C%22Spurn%20lighthouse.JPG%22%7CS143%7CQ328%7CP2096%7Cen%3A%22Spurn%20Point%22"><img alt="link=https://quickstatements.toolforge.org/#/v1=Q26365310%7CP31%7CQ39715%7C%7CQ26365310%7CP625%7C@53.578996%2F0.118325%7CS143%7CQ328%7C%7CQ26365310%7CP613%7C%22TA_40345_11239%22%7CS143%7CQ328%7C%7CQ26365310%7CP571%7C%2B1895-00-00T00%3A00%3A00Z%2F9%7CS143%7CQ328%7C%7CQ26365310%7CP730%7C%2B1985-00-00T00%3A00%3A00Z%2F9%7CS143%7CQ328%7C%7CQ26365310%7CP793%7CQ24410992%7CP585%7C%2B1957-00-00T00%3A00%3A00Z%2F9%7CS143%7CQ328%7C%7CQ26365310%7CP2048%7C128 ftU11573%7CS143%7CQ328%7C%7CQ26365310%7CP2929%7C17 nmiU93318%7CS143%7CQ328%7C%7CQ26365310%7CP1030%7C%22Fl%20W%2015%26nbsp%3Bs%3Cbr%3E%20Oc%20RW%20%28sector%20lights%29%22%7CS143%7CQ328%7C%7CQ26365310%7CP18%7C%22Spurn%20lighthouse.JPG%22%7CS143%7CQ328%7CP2096%7Cen%3A%22Spurn%20Point%22" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Commons_to_Wikidata_QuickStatements.svg/20px-Commons_to_Wikidata_QuickStatements.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Commons_to_Wikidata_QuickStatements.svg/30px-Commons_to_Wikidata_QuickStatements.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Commons_to_Wikidata_QuickStatements.svg/40px-Commons_to_Wikidata_QuickStatements.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Spurn_lighthouse.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Spurn_lighthouse.JPG/220px-Spurn_lighthouse.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Spurn_lighthouse.JPG/330px-Spurn_lighthouse.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Spurn_lighthouse.JPG/440px-Spurn_lighthouse.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2736" data-file-height="3648" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Spurn Point</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 270px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="270" data-height="200" data-zoom="9" data-lat="53.578996" data-lon="0.118325" data-overlays="["_d190fcb79fb874ebea9d8c63f5aa0a4b7514ad05"]" href="/wiki/Special:Map/9/53.578996/0.118325/en"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,9,53.578996,0.118325,270x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Spurn&revid=1254092747&groups=_d190fcb79fb874ebea9d8c63f5aa0a4b7514ad05" width="270" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,9,53.578996,0.118325,270x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Spurn&revid=1254092747&groups=_d190fcb79fb874ebea9d8c63f5aa0a4b7514ad05 2x" alt="Map" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data label">Spurn Point<br /><a href="/wiki/East_Riding_of_Yorkshire" title="East Riding of Yorkshire">East Riding of Yorkshire</a><br /><a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/British_national_grid_reference_system" class="mw-redirect" title="British national grid reference system">OS grid</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion" style="white-space: nowrap"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Spurn&params=53.578956_N_0.118329_E_region:GB_scale:25000">TA 40345 11239</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Spurn&params=53.578996_N_0.118325_E_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">53°34′44″N</span> <span class="longitude">0°07′06″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">53.578996°N 0.118325°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">53.578996; 0.118325</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr style="background:#b9deed;"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Tower</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Constructed</th><td class="infobox-data">1895</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Designed by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Matthews_(engineer)" title="Thomas Matthews (engineer)">Thomas Matthews</a> <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26365310?uselang=en#P287" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Construction</th><td class="infobox-data">brick tower</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Automated</th><td class="infobox-data">1957</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Height</th><td class="infobox-data">128 ft (39 m)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Shape</th><td class="infobox-data">cylindrical tower with balcony and lantern</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Markings</th><td class="infobox-data note">white and black bands tower, white lantern</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Operator</th><td class="infobox-data">Spurn Point National Nature Reserve<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Heritage</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Grade_II_listed_building" class="mw-redirect" title="Grade II listed building">Grade II listed building</a><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr style="background:#FAF884;"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Light</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Deactivated</th><td class="infobox-data">1985</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Lens</th><td class="infobox-data">6-panel <a href="/wiki/Hyperradiant_Fresnel_lens" title="Hyperradiant Fresnel lens">hyper-radial</a> rotating <a href="/wiki/Catadioptric" class="mw-redirect" title="Catadioptric">catadioptric</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Range</th><td class="infobox-data">17 nmi (31 km)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Light_characteristic" title="Light characteristic">Characteristic</a></th><td class="infobox-data note">Fl W 15 s<br /> Oc RW (sector lights)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">United Kingdom legislation</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox vevent mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-size:100%"><span style="font-size:125%">Spurn Point Lighthouse Act 1772</span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-weight: bold;">Act of Parliament</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Coat_of_arms_of_Great_Britain_%281714%E2%80%931801%29.svg/140px-Coat_of_arms_of_Great_Britain_%281714%E2%80%931801%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Coat_of_arms_of_Great_Britain_%281714%E2%80%931801%29.svg/210px-Coat_of_arms_of_Great_Britain_%281714%E2%80%931801%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Coat_of_arms_of_Great_Britain_%281714%E2%80%931801%29.svg/280px-Coat_of_arms_of_Great_Britain_%281714%E2%80%931801%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Great_Britain" title="Parliament of Great Britain">Parliament of Great Britain</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Short_and_long_titles" title="Short and long titles">Long title</a></th><td class="infobox-data description">An Act to explain and amend an Act, paired in the Sixth Year of the Reign of His present Majesty, intituled, "An Act for taking down and removing certain Lighthouses now standing near the Spurn Point, at the Mouth of the Humber; and for erecting other fit and convenient Lighthouses instead thereof."</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Citation_of_United_Kingdom_legislation" title="Citation of United Kingdom legislation">Citation</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/12_Geo._3" class="mw-redirect" title="12 Geo. 3">12 Geo. 3</a>. c. 29</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 1px solid #aaa;">Dates</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Royal_assent" title="Royal assent">Royal assent</a></th><td class="infobox-data">21 May 1772</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Repealed</th><td class="infobox-data dtend">6 August 1861</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 1px solid #aaa;">Other legislation</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Repeal" title="Repeal">Repealed by</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Statute_Law_Revision_Act_1861" title="Statute Law Revision Act 1861">Statute Law Revision Act 1861</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 1px solid #aaa;"><div style="background-color: #ffcccc;">Status: Repealed</div></th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 1px solid #aaa;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/statutesatlarge47britgoog/page/71">Text of statute as originally enacted</a></th></tr></tbody></table> <p>The earliest reference to a lighthouse on Spurn Point is 1427. From the 17th century there are records of a pair of lighthouses being maintained as <a href="/wiki/Leading_lights" title="Leading lights">leading lights</a>: a high light and a low light. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Old_High_and_Low_Lights">Old High and Low Lights</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spurn&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Old High and Low Lights"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Spurn_Low_Lighthouse.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Spurn_Low_Lighthouse.JPG/220px-Spurn_Low_Lighthouse.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Spurn_Low_Lighthouse.JPG/330px-Spurn_Low_Lighthouse.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d0/Spurn_Low_Lighthouse.JPG 2x" data-file-width="417" data-file-height="296" /></a><figcaption>Spurn Low lighthouse, Spurn Point while still operational</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1767, <a href="/wiki/John_Smeaton" title="John Smeaton">John Smeaton</a> was commissioned to build a new pair of lighthouses. Smeaton's high light (a 90-foot [27 m] tower) remained in use until 1895, but there were problems (as there had been in previous years) with maintaining the low light; within a short time it had been washed away by the sea. A series of more-or-less temporary replacements were used in the years that followed, until a more solid lighthouse designed by <a href="/wiki/James_Walker_(engineer)" title="James Walker (engineer)">James Walker</a><sup id="cite_ref-Report_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Report-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was constructed in 1852 under the supervision of engineer <a href="/wiki/Henry_Norris_(engineer)" title="Henry Norris (engineer)">Henry Norris</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Report_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Report-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unlike its predecessor this low light was built the estuary side (i.e. to the west) of the high light, rather than on the seaward side. </p><p>Initially both lighthouses were coal-fired. In 1819 Smeaton's high light was equipped with 24 <a href="/wiki/Argand_lamp" title="Argand lamp">Argand lamps</a> and <a href="/wiki/Parabolic_reflector" title="Parabolic reflector">reflectors</a>);<sup id="cite_ref-Report_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Report-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> later, in 1853, it was fitted with a new <a href="/wiki/Fresnel_lens" title="Fresnel lens">Fresnel lens</a>: a large (<a href="/wiki/Fresnel_lens#Lighthouse_lens_sizes" title="Fresnel lens">first-order</a>) fixed optic by Henry Lepaute of Paris. (Prior to installation this lens had been exhibited at the <a href="/wiki/Great_Exhibition_of_1851" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Exhibition of 1851">Great Exhibition of 1851</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later, a red <a href="/wiki/Sector_light" title="Sector light">sector</a> was added to the high light, which warned ships of hazards to the south ranging from <a href="/wiki/Cleethorpes" title="Cleethorpes">Clee Ness</a> to Sand Haile Flats.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The low light, meanwhile, had also been fitted with oil lamps and reflectors in 1816. Then, in 1848, a small Fresnel lens (a fifth-order <a href="/wiki/Lenticular_lens" title="Lenticular lens">lenticular dioptric</a>) had been installed, which was reused when the new tower was built in 1852.<sup id="cite_ref-Report_22-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Report-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1034237262">.mw-parser-output .stack{box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .stack>div{margin:1px;overflow:hidden}@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-left{float:left;clear:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-right{float:right;clear:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-left{float:left;clear:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-right{float:right;clear:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-left{float:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-right{float:right;margin-left:1em}}</style><div class="stack mw-stack stack-right"><div><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Spurn_Lighthouse_-_geograph.org.uk_-_309594.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Spurn_Lighthouse_-_geograph.org.uk_-_309594.jpg/180px-Spurn_Lighthouse_-_geograph.org.uk_-_309594.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="270" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Spurn_Lighthouse_-_geograph.org.uk_-_309594.jpg/270px-Spurn_Lighthouse_-_geograph.org.uk_-_309594.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Spurn_Lighthouse_-_geograph.org.uk_-_309594.jpg/360px-Spurn_Lighthouse_-_geograph.org.uk_-_309594.jpg 2x" data-file-width="427" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption>Former Low Light (1852) with the "new" (1895) lighthouse behind it</figcaption></figure></div></div> <p>In 1895 both this low light and Smeaton's high light were decommissioned and replaced by a single lighthouse which still stands on the grass of Spurn Head. The 1852 low light also still stands on the sandy shore of the island, though its lantern has been replaced by a large water tank. (Of the old Smeaton high light only the foundations remain;<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> after dismantling, its optic was re-used in the high lighthouse at <a href="/wiki/Nash_Point_Lighthouse" class="mw-redirect" title="Nash Point Lighthouse">Nash Point</a>, where it was installed as part of a programme of improvements.)<sup id="cite_ref-MMF1896_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MMF1896-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_new_Spurn_Lighthouse">The new Spurn Lighthouse</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spurn&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: The new Spurn Lighthouse"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The 1895 lighthouse is a round brick tower, 128 feet (39 metres) high, painted black and white. It was designed by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Matthews_(engineer)" title="Thomas Matthews (engineer)">Thomas Matthews</a>. The lantern contained a very large revolving <a href="/wiki/Hyperradiant_Fresnel_lens" title="Hyperradiant Fresnel lens">hyper-radiant optic</a> by <a href="/wiki/Chance_Brothers" title="Chance Brothers">Chance Brothers & Co</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-USLHShyper_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USLHShyper-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its white light had a range of 17 nautical miles (31 kilometres) and displayed a flash once every 20 seconds. In addition there were separate sector lights, two of which marked particular shoals or sandbanks, while another indicated the main channel along the Humber. Initially oil-lit, the lighthouse was converted to electricity in 1941 to enable the light to be lit briefly (as and when requested by allied ships and convoys) and then extinguished.<sup id="cite_ref-Jones2014_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jones2014-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Then, in 1957, the lighthouse was converted to acetylene gas operation.<sup id="cite_ref-VHEY_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VHEY-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A new, smaller, gas-driven revolving optic was installed, which flashed once every fifteen seconds; and the subsidiary lights were provided with <a href="/wiki/Occulting_Light" class="mw-redirect" title="Occulting Light">occulting</a> mechanisms, also gas-driven. The new systems were automated; the keepers therefore moved out and their cottages were demolished.<sup id="cite_ref-Jones2014_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jones2014-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Due to improvements in navigation, the light was discontinued in 1985; the main optic was removed the following year.<sup id="cite_ref-USLHShyper_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USLHShyper-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The combined acetylene lamp and gas-powered optic were subsequently put on display, first in the <a href="/wiki/Trinity_House_National_Lighthouse_Museum" title="Trinity House National Lighthouse Museum">Trinity House National Lighthouse Museum</a>, then in the <a href="/wiki/National_Maritime_Museum_Cornwall" title="National Maritime Museum Cornwall">National Maritime Museum Cornwall</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since 1986, the lighthouse remained empty, but in 2013, <a href="/wiki/Yorkshire_Wildlife_Trust" title="Yorkshire Wildlife Trust">Yorkshire Wildlife Trust</a> was awarded a £470,500 grant to restore the lighthouse with a view to its being reopened as a visitor centre. This was scheduled to take place in 2015,<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with work starting in April 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The work was completed in March 2016, and opened to the public for the Easter weekend.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spurn&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Spurn_Head_RNLI_Launch_Platform.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The pier and launching platform for the RNLI at Spurn"><img alt="The pier and launching platform for the RNLI at Spurn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Spurn_Head_RNLI_Launch_Platform.jpg/120px-Spurn_Head_RNLI_Launch_Platform.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Spurn_Head_RNLI_Launch_Platform.jpg/180px-Spurn_Head_RNLI_Launch_Platform.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Spurn_Head_RNLI_Launch_Platform.jpg/240px-Spurn_Head_RNLI_Launch_Platform.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The pier and launching platform for the RNLI at Spurn</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Spurn_Lighthouse_in_the_sea_mist.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Sea mist"><img alt="Sea mist" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Spurn_Lighthouse_in_the_sea_mist.JPG/120px-Spurn_Lighthouse_in_the_sea_mist.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Spurn_Lighthouse_in_the_sea_mist.JPG/180px-Spurn_Lighthouse_in_the_sea_mist.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Spurn_Lighthouse_in_the_sea_mist.JPG/240px-Spurn_Lighthouse_in_the_sea_mist.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3552" data-file-height="2583" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Sea mist</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HumberVTS.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Humber Vessel traffic service"><img alt="Humber Vessel traffic service" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/HumberVTS.JPG/80px-HumberVTS.JPG" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/HumberVTS.JPG/120px-HumberVTS.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/HumberVTS.JPG/160px-HumberVTS.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="3872" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Humber <a href="/wiki/Vessel_traffic_service" title="Vessel traffic service">Vessel traffic service</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SpurnPoint1.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Spurn Point from the mainland"><img alt="Spurn Point from the mainland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/SpurnPoint1.JPG/120px-SpurnPoint1.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/SpurnPoint1.JPG/180px-SpurnPoint1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/SpurnPoint1.JPG/240px-SpurnPoint1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="1728" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Spurn Point from the mainland</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lighthouses_at_Spurn_Head_-_geograph.org.uk_-_200519.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The old Low Light (1852) seen alongside the new (1895) lighthouse"><img alt="The old Low Light (1852) seen alongside the new (1895) lighthouse" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Lighthouses_at_Spurn_Head_-_geograph.org.uk_-_200519.jpg/120px-Lighthouses_at_Spurn_Head_-_geograph.org.uk_-_200519.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Lighthouses_at_Spurn_Head_-_geograph.org.uk_-_200519.jpg/180px-Lighthouses_at_Spurn_Head_-_geograph.org.uk_-_200519.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Lighthouses_at_Spurn_Head_-_geograph.org.uk_-_200519.jpg/240px-Lighthouses_at_Spurn_Head_-_geograph.org.uk_-_200519.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="477" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The old Low Light (1852) seen alongside the new (1895) lighthouse</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:National_Maritime_Museum_Cornwall_(8817).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The 1957 optic in the National Maritime Museum"><img alt="The 1957 optic in the National Maritime Museum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/National_Maritime_Museum_Cornwall_%288817%29.jpg/80px-National_Maritime_Museum_Cornwall_%288817%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/National_Maritime_Museum_Cornwall_%288817%29.jpg/119px-National_Maritime_Museum_Cornwall_%288817%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/National_Maritime_Museum_Cornwall_%288817%29.jpg/159px-National_Maritime_Museum_Cornwall_%288817%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2848" data-file-height="4288" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The 1957 optic in the National Maritime Museum</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Spurn_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Humber Vessel traffic service"><img alt="Humber Vessel traffic service" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Spurn_3.jpg/120px-Spurn_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Spurn_3.jpg/180px-Spurn_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Spurn_3.jpg/240px-Spurn_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Humber Vessel traffic service</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Spurn_4.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="RNLI Platform"><img alt="RNLI Platform" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Spurn_4.jpg/120px-Spurn_4.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Spurn_4.jpg/180px-Spurn_4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Spurn_4.jpg/240px-Spurn_4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">RNLI Platform</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spurn&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Humber_Forts" title="Humber Forts">Humber Forts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spurn_Lightship" title="Spurn Lightship">Spurn Lightship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spurn_Point_Military_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Spurn Point Military Railway">Spurn Point Military Railway</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:left;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spurn&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMay" class="citation web cs1">May, V. J. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170620170158/http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/pdf/gcrdb/GCRsiteaccount2111.pdf">"Spurn Head"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>defra.gov.uk</i>. Geological Conservation Review. p. 2. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/pdf/gcrdb/GCRsiteaccount2111.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 20 June 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=defra.gov.uk&rft.atitle=Spurn+Head&rft.pages=2&rft.aulast=May&rft.aufirst=V.+J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjncc.defra.gov.uk%2Fpdf%2Fgcrdb%2FGCRsiteaccount2111.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpurn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRatcliffe2016" class="citation news cs1">Ratcliffe, Roger (29 October 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/news/letting-nature-take-its-course-why-they-re-no-longer-defending-spurn-point-1-8198934">"Letting nature take its course: Why they're no longer defending Spurn Point"</a>. <i>The Yorkshire Post</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Yorkshire+Post&rft.atitle=Letting+nature+take+its+course%3A+Why+they%27re+no+longer+defending+Spurn+Point&rft.date=2016-10-29&rft.aulast=Ratcliffe&rft.aufirst=Roger&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yorkshirepost.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fletting-nature-take-its-course-why-they-re-no-longer-defending-spurn-point-1-8198934&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpurn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/arts-and-culture/nostalgia-tuesday-point-interest-209429">"Nostalgia on Tuesday: Point of interest"</a>. <i>The Yorkshire Post</i>. 20 November 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Yorkshire+Post&rft.atitle=Nostalgia+on+Tuesday%3A+Point+of+interest&rft.date=2018-11-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.yorkshirepost.co.uk%2Farts-and-culture%2Fnostalgia-tuesday-point-interest-209429&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpurn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy" title="Ptolemy">Ptolemy</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Geography_(Ptolemy)" title="Geography (Ptolemy)">Geography</a></i>, 2.3.6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith1854–1857" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/William_Smith_(lexicographer)" title="William Smith (lexicographer)">Smith, William</a>, ed. (1854–1857). "Ocelum". <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_Greek_and_Roman_Geography" title="Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography">Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography</a></i>. London: John Murray.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ocelum&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Greek+and+Roman+Geography&rft.place=London&rft.pub=John+Murray&rft.date=1854%2F1857&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpurn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBruce1838" class="citation book cs1">Bruce, J. (1838). <i>Historie of the Arrivall of Edward IV</i>. Camden Soc. 1. p. 4. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/602067">602067</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historie+of+the+Arrivall+of+Edward+IV&rft.pages=4&rft.pub=Camden+Soc.+1&rft.date=1838&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F602067&rft.aulast=Bruce&rft.aufirst=J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpurn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090508134629/http://www.yorkshirehistory.com/RAVENSER/index.htm">"History of Ravenser Odd"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yorkshirehistory.com/RAVENSER/index.htm">the original</a> on 8 May 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+Ravenser+Odd&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yorkshirehistory.com%2FRAVENSER%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpurn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Elliot1875-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Elliot1875_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElliot1875" class="citation book cs1">Elliot, George H. (1875). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://access.bl.uk/item/pdf/lsidyv38f8413f"><i>European Light-House Systems</i></a>. London: Lockwood & co. pp. 115–116<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=European+Light-House+Systems&rft.place=London&rft.pages=115-116&rft.pub=Lockwood+%26+co.&rft.date=1875&rft.aulast=Elliot&rft.aufirst=George+H.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Faccess.bl.uk%2Fitem%2Fpdf%2Flsidyv38f8413f&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpurn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.copsewood.org/ng_rly/sailbogie/sailbogie.htm">"Sails on Rails"</a>. Mike Munro<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 July</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sails+on+Rails&rft.pub=Mike+Munro&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.copsewood.org%2Fng_rly%2Fsailbogie%2Fsailbogie.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpurn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ywt.org.uk/reserves/spurn-nature-reserve">"Spurn National Nature Reserve"</a>. Yorkshire Wildlife Trust<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Spurn+National+Nature+Reserve&rft.pub=Yorkshire+Wildlife+Trust&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ywt.org.uk%2Freserves%2Fspurn-nature-reserve&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpurn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-humber-46608595">"Spurn, Yorkshire's 'Land's End' five years on"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 26 December 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Spurn%2C+Yorkshire%27s+%27Land%27s+End%27+five+years+on&rft.date=2018-12-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-england-humber-46608595&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpurn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b08mn6yg">"Holderness, Countryfile – BBC One"</a>. BBC<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Holderness%2C+Countryfile+%E2%80%93+BBC+One&rft.pub=BBC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fprogrammes%2Fb08mn6yg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpurn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLonghorn2014" class="citation news cs1">Longhorn, Danny (29 September 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hulldailymail.co.uk/Visitor-centre-plan-Spurn-Point-Nature-Reserve/story-23014024-detail/story.html">"Visitor centre plan for Spurn Point Nature Reserve"</a>. <i>Hull Daily Mail</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hull+Daily+Mail&rft.atitle=Visitor+centre+plan+for+Spurn+Point+Nature+Reserve&rft.date=2014-09-29&rft.aulast=Longhorn&rft.aufirst=Danny&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hulldailymail.co.uk%2FVisitor-centre-plan-Spurn-Point-Nature-Reserve%2Fstory-23014024-detail%2Fstory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpurn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.wildlifetrusts.org/sites/default/files/Spurn%20Newsletter%201%20Sept%202014.pdf">"The Spurn Visitor Centre"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Spurn Newsletter</i>. No. 1. Yorkshire Wildlife Trust. September 2014. pp. 1–4<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Spurn+Newsletter&rft.atitle=The+Spurn+Visitor+Centre&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=1-4&rft.date=2014-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdata.wildlifetrusts.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2FSpurn%2520Newsletter%25201%2520Sept%25202014.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpurn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-humber-36828817">"East Yorkshire wildlife visitor centre plan rejected"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 18 July 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=East+Yorkshire+wildlife+visitor+centre+plan+rejected&rft.date=2016-07-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-england-humber-36828817&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpurn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-humber-38759171">"Spurn gets go-ahead for wildlife visitor centre"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 26 January 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Spurn+gets+go-ahead+for+wildlife+visitor+centre&rft.date=2017-01-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-england-humber-38759171&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpurn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rarebirdalert.co.uk/v2/Content/Spurn_visitor_centre_plans_sparks_opposition.aspx?s_id=557018582">"Spurn visitor centre plans sparks opposition"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Spurn+visitor+centre+plans+sparks+opposition&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rarebirdalert.co.uk%2Fv2%2FContent%2FSpurn_visitor_centre_plans_sparks_opposition.aspx%3Fs_id%3D557018582&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpurn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-humber-43472770">"Spurn wildlife visitor centre opens despite objections"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 20 March 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Spurn+wildlife+visitor+centre+opens+despite+objections&rft.date=2018-03-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-england-humber-43472770&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpurn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-humber-65781749">"Humber lifeboat station leaves Spurn Point after 213 years of rescues"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 1 June 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Humber+lifeboat+station+leaves+Spurn+Point+after+213+years+of+rescues&rft.date=2023-06-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-england-humber-65781749&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpurn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRowlett" class="citation web cs1">Rowlett, Russ. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ibiblio.org/lighthouse/enge.htm">"Lighthouses of Eastern England"</a>. <i>The Lighthouse Directory</i>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_North_Carolina_at_Chapel_Hill" title="University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill">University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Lighthouse+Directory&rft.atitle=Lighthouses+of+Eastern+England&rft.aulast=Rowlett&rft.aufirst=Russ&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibiblio.org%2Flighthouse%2Fenge.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpurn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHistoric_England1083476" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Historic_England" title="Historic England">Historic England</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://HistoricEngland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1083476?section=official-list-entry">"Spurn Lighthouse (Grade II) (1083476)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/National_Heritage_List_for_England" title="National Heritage List for England">National Heritage List for England</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Heritage+List+for+England&rft.atitle=Spurn+Lighthouse+%28Grade+II%29+%281083476%29&rft.au=Historic+England&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2FHistoricEngland.org.uk%2Flisting%2Fthe-list%2Flist-entry%2F1083476%3Fsection%3Dofficial-list-entry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpurn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Report-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Report_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Report_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Report_22-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Report_22-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/lighthousemanage02blak#page/69/mode/1up">"Lighthouse management : the report of the Royal Commissioners on Lights, Buoys, and Beacons, 1861, examined and refuted Vol. 2"</a>. 1861. p. 69.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lighthouse+management+%3A+the+report+of+the+Royal+Commissioners+on+Lights%2C+Buoys%2C+and+Beacons%2C+1861%2C+examined+and+refuted+Vol.+2&rft.pages=69&rft.date=1861&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Flighthousemanage02blak%23page%2F69%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpurn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://deriv.nls.uk/dcn23/8037/80373343.23.pdf">"Lighthouse management : the report of the Royal Commissioners on Lights, Buoys, and Beacons, 1861, examined and refuted Vol. 1"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. p. 30.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lighthouse+management+%3A+the+report+of+the+Royal+Commissioners+on+Lights%2C+Buoys%2C+and+Beacons%2C+1861%2C+examined+and+refuted+Vol.+1&rft.pages=30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fderiv.nls.uk%2Fdcn23%2F8037%2F80373343.23.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpurn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:England_east_coast_entrance_to_the_River_Humber_surveyed_by_Staff_Captain_J._Parsons,_R.N._assisted_by_Staff_Comannder_G._Stanley,_Navg._Sub._Lieutt._G._Pirie_H.M.S._Porcupine_1875-7_RMG_F6965.tiff" class="extiw" title="commons:File:England east coast entrance to the River Humber surveyed by Staff Captain J. Parsons, R.N. assisted by Staff Comannder G. Stanley, Navg. Sub. Lieutt. G. Pirie H.M.S. Porcupine 1875-7 RMG F6965.tiff">Admiralty Chart: Entrance to the River Humber 1875</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFde_Boer1984" class="citation book cs1">de Boer, G. (1984) [1968]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eylhs.org.uk/lighthouses.pdf"><i>A History of the Spurn lighthouses</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. East Yorkshire Local History Society<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Spurn+lighthouses&rft.pub=East+Yorkshire+Local+History+Society&rft.date=1984&rft.aulast=de+Boer&rft.aufirst=G.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eylhs.org.uk%2Flighthouses.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpurn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MMF1896-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MMF1896_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Mercantile Marine Fund: Minutes of Evidence Taken Before the Committee of Inquiry appointed by the President of the Board of Trade</i>. London: HMSO. 1896. p. 281.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mercantile+Marine+Fund%3A+Minutes+of+Evidence+Taken+Before+the+Committee+of+Inquiry+appointed+by+the+President+of+the+Board+of+Trade&rft.place=London&rft.pages=281&rft.pub=HMSO&rft.date=1896&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpurn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-USLHShyper-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-USLHShyper_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-USLHShyper_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://uslhs.org/hyper-radial-lenses">"Hyper-radial Lenses"</a>. <i>United States Lighthouse Society</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+States+Lighthouse+Society&rft.atitle=Hyper-radial+Lenses&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fuslhs.org%2Fhyper-radial-lenses&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpurn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jones2014-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Jones2014_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jones2014_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones2014" class="citation book cs1">Jones, Robin (2014). <i>Lighthouses of the North East Coast</i>. Wellington, Somerset: Halsgrove. pp. 122–128. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85704-234-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85704-234-7"><bdi>978-0-85704-234-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lighthouses+of+the+North+East+Coast&rft.place=Wellington%2C+Somerset&rft.pages=122-128&rft.pub=Halsgrove&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0-85704-234-7&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Robin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpurn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-VHEY-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-VHEY_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.visithullandeastyorkshire.com/Hull-Spurn-Point/details/?dms=3&venue=2173292">"Spurn Point"</a>. <i>Visit Hull and East Yorkshire</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Visit+Hull+and+East+Yorkshire&rft.atitle=Spurn+Point&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.visithullandeastyorkshire.com%2FHull-Spurn-Point%2Fdetails%2F%3Fdms%3D3%26venue%3D2173292&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpurn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-a-lighthouse-lens-displayed-inside-the-national-maritime-museum-in-47590330.html">"Photo"</a>. <i>Alamy</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Alamy&rft.atitle=Photo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.alamy.com%2Fstock-photo-a-lighthouse-lens-displayed-inside-the-national-maritime-museum-in-47590330.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpurn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-humber-24141102">"Spurn Point lighthouse gets lottery renovation"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 18 September 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Spurn+Point+lighthouse+gets+lottery+renovation&rft.date=2013-09-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-england-humber-24141102&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpurn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-humber-32242983">"Spurn Point lighthouse revamp work gets under way"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 10 April 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Spurn+Point+lighthouse+revamp+work+gets+under+way&rft.date=2015-04-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-england-humber-32242983&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpurn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ywt.org.uk/news/2016/03/30/spurn-lighthouse-opens-public">"Spurn Lighthouse opens to the public!"</a>. Yorkshire Wildlife Trust. 30 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Spurn+Lighthouse+opens+to+the+public%21&rft.date=2016-03-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ywt.org.uk%2Fnews%2F2016%2F03%2F30%2Fspurn-lighthouse-opens-public&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpurn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spurn&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Gazetteer – A–Z of Towns Villages and Hamlets</i>. East Riding of Yorkshire Council. 2006. p. 10.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gazetteer+%E2%80%93+A%E2%80%93Z+of+Towns+Villages+and+Hamlets&rft.pages=10&rft.pub=East+Riding+of+Yorkshire+Council&rft.date=2006&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpurn" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spurn&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Spurn" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Spurn">Spurn</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/spurn" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:spurn">spurn</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ywt.org.uk/reserves/spurn-nature-reserve">Yorkshire Wildlife Trust – Spurn Nature Reserve</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britainexpress.com/countryside/coast/spurn.htm">Spurn Head Heritage Coast</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20000510060149/http://www.spurnpoint.com/">Spurn Point – National Nature Reserve and Lifeboat Station</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spurnbirdobservatory.co.uk/">Spurn Bird Observatory</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://easytide.ukho.gov.uk/EASYTIDE/EasyTide/ShowPrediction.aspx?PortID=0171&PredictionLength=7">Tide times at Spurn Point from the UKHO</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Yorkshire.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_Yorkshire.svg/21px-Flag_of_Yorkshire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_Yorkshire.svg/32px-Flag_of_Yorkshire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_Yorkshire.svg/42px-Flag_of_Yorkshire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Yorkshire" title="Portal:Yorkshire">Yorkshire</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/21px-Flag_of_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/32px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/42px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:England" title="Portal:England">England</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/21px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/42px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_Kingdom" title="Portal:United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=East_Riding_of_Yorkshire&#124;link=East_Riding_of_Yorkshire_Ceremonial_county_of_East_Riding_of_Yorkshire" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist vcard mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:East_Yorkshire" title="Template:East Yorkshire"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:East_Yorkshire" title="Template talk:East Yorkshire"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:East_Yorkshire" title="Special:EditPage/Template:East Yorkshire"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=East_Riding_of_Yorkshire&#124;link=East_Riding_of_Yorkshire_Ceremonial_county_of_East_Riding_of_Yorkshire" class="adr" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/East_Riding_of_Yorkshire" title="East Riding of Yorkshire"><img alt="East Riding of Yorkshire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Flag_of_the_East_Riding_of_Yorkshire.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_East_Riding_of_Yorkshire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Flag_of_the_East_Riding_of_Yorkshire.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_East_Riding_of_Yorkshire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Flag_of_the_East_Riding_of_Yorkshire.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_East_Riding_of_Yorkshire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <span class="category"><a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_counties_of_England" title="Ceremonial counties of England">Ceremonial county</a></span> of <span class="fn org region"><a href="/wiki/East_Riding_of_Yorkshire" title="East Riding of Yorkshire">East Riding of Yorkshire</a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i><a href="/wiki/Portal:Yorkshire" title="Portal:Yorkshire">Yorkshire Portal</a></i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Statutory City Region</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Hull_and_East_Yorkshire_Combined_Authority" title="Hull and East Yorkshire Combined Authority">Hull and East Yorkshire Combined Authority</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unitary authorities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Riding_of_Yorkshire" title="East Riding of Yorkshire">East Riding of Yorkshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingston_upon_Hull" title="Kingston upon Hull">Kingston upon Hull</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major settlements<br />(cities in italics)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beverley" title="Beverley">Beverley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridlington" title="Bridlington">Bridlington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brough,_East_Riding_of_Yorkshire" title="Brough, East Riding of Yorkshire">Brough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cottingham,_East_Riding_of_Yorkshire" title="Cottingham, East Riding of Yorkshire">Cottingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Driffield" title="Driffield">Driffield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goole" title="Goole">Goole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedon" title="Hedon">Hedon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hessle" title="Hessle">Hessle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hornsea" title="Hornsea">Hornsea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howden" title="Howden">Howden</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kingston_upon_Hull" title="Kingston upon Hull">Kingston upon Hull</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_Weighton" title="Market Weighton">Market Weighton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pocklington" title="Pocklington">Pocklington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snaith" title="Snaith">Snaith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Withernsea" title="Withernsea">Withernsea</a><br /><i>See also:</i> <b><a href="/wiki/List_of_civil_parishes_in_East_Riding_of_Yorkshire" class="mw-redirect" title="List of civil parishes in East Riding of Yorkshire">List of civil parishes in East Riding of Yorkshire</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rivers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aike_Beck" title="Aike Beck">Aike Beck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arram_Beck" title="Arram Beck">Arram Beck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Derwent,_Yorkshire" title="River Derwent, Yorkshire">Derwent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Foulness" title="River Foulness">Foulness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gypsey_Race" title="Gypsey Race">Gypsey Race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedon_Haven" title="Hedon Haven">Hedon Haven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Hull" title="River Hull">Hull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humber" title="Humber">Humber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Ouse,_Yorkshire" title="River Ouse, Yorkshire">Ouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trent_Falls" title="Trent Falls">Trent Falls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Beck" title="West Beck">West Beck</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Canals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beverley_Beck" title="Beverley Beck">Beverley Beck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Driffield_Navigation" title="Driffield Navigation">Driffield Navigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leven_Canal" title="Leven Canal">Leven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_Weighton_Canal" title="Market Weighton Canal">Market Weighton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pocklington_Canal" title="Pocklington Canal">Pocklington</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Parliamentary_constituencies_in_Humberside" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Parliamentary constituencies in Humberside">Parliamentary constituencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_in_East_Riding_of_Yorkshire" class="mw-redirect" title="List of places in East Riding of Yorkshire">Places</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Sites_of_Special_Scientific_Interest_in_the_East_Riding_of_Yorkshire" title="List of Sites of Special Scientific Interest in the East Riding of Yorkshire">SSSIs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Country_houses_in_the_East_Riding_of_Yorkshire" title="Category:Country houses in the East Riding of Yorkshire">Country houses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grade_I_listed_buildings_in_the_East_Riding_of_Yorkshire" title="Grade I listed buildings in the East Riding of Yorkshire">Grade I listed buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grade_II*_listed_buildings_in_the_East_Riding_of_Yorkshire" title="Grade II* listed buildings in the East Riding of Yorkshire">Grade II* listed buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_East_Riding_of_Yorkshire" title="History of the East Riding of Yorkshire">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_schools_in_the_East_Riding_of_Yorkshire" title="List of schools in the East Riding of Yorkshire">Schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_the_East_Riding_of_Yorkshire" title="List of museums in the East Riding of Yorkshire">Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Lieutenant_of_the_East_Riding_of_Yorkshire" title="Lord Lieutenant of the East Riding of Yorkshire">Lord Lieutenants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Sheriff_of_the_East_Riding_of_Yorkshire" title="High Sheriff of the East Riding of Yorkshire">High Sheriffs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monastic_houses_in_the_East_Riding_of_Yorkshire" title="List of monastic houses in the East Riding of Yorkshire">Monastic houses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_windmills_in_the_East_Riding_of_Yorkshire" title="List of windmills in the East Riding of Yorkshire">Windmills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Yorkshire" title="List of rivers of Yorkshire">Rivers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Lighthouses_in_England" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Lighthouses_in_England" title="Template:Lighthouses in England"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Lighthouses_in_England" title="Template talk:Lighthouses in England"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Lighthouses_in_England" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Lighthouses in England"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Lighthouses_in_England" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_lighthouses_in_England" title="List of lighthouses in England">Lighthouses in England</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anvil_Point_Lighthouse" title="Anvil Point Lighthouse">Anvil Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bamburgh_Lighthouse" title="Bamburgh Lighthouse">Bamburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beachy_Head_Lighthouse" title="Beachy Head Lighthouse">Beachy Head</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belle_Tout_Lighthouse" title="Belle Tout Lighthouse">Belle Tout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berry_Head_Lighthouse" title="Berry Head Lighthouse">Berry Head</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bidston_Hill" title="Bidston Hill">Bidston Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishop_Rock_Lighthouse" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishop Rock Lighthouse">Bishop Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Nore_Lighthouse" title="Black Nore Lighthouse">Black Nore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blyth,_Northumberland#Landmarks_and_places_of_interest" title="Blyth, Northumberland">Blyth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bow_Creek_Lighthouse" class="mw-redirect" title="Bow Creek Lighthouse">Bow Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bull_Point_Lighthouse" title="Bull Point Lighthouse">Bull Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burnham-on-Sea_High_Lighthouse" title="Burnham-on-Sea High Lighthouse">Burnham-on-Sea High</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burnham-on-Sea_Low_Lighthouse" title="Burnham-on-Sea Low Lighthouse">Burnham-on-Sea Low</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burnham-on-Sea_Round_Tower" title="Burnham-on-Sea Round Tower">Burnham-on-Sea Round Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coquet_Lighthouse" class="mw-redirect" title="Coquet Lighthouse">Coquet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cromer_Lighthouse" title="Cromer Lighthouse">Cromer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crow_Point_Lighthouse" class="mw-redirect" title="Crow Point Lighthouse">Crow Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dungeness_Lighthouse" title="Dungeness Lighthouse">Dungeness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddystone_Lighthouse" title="Eddystone Lighthouse">Eddystone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farne_Lighthouse" title="Farne Lighthouse">Farne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flamborough_Head_Lighthouse" title="Flamborough Head Lighthouse">Flamborough Head</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beach_Lighthouse,_Fleetwood" title="Beach Lighthouse, Fleetwood">Fleetwood (Beach)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharos_Lighthouse,_Fleetwood" title="Pharos Lighthouse, Fleetwood">Fleetwood (Pharos)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godrevy_Lighthouse" title="Godrevy Lighthouse">Godrevy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorleston_(Range_Rear)_Lighthouse" title="Gorleston (Range Rear) Lighthouse">Gorleston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunfleet_Lighthouse" title="Gunfleet Lighthouse">Gunfleet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lindisfarne#Lighthouses" title="Lindisfarne">Guile Point East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hale,_Halton#Hale_Head" title="Hale, Halton">Hale Head</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Happisburgh_Lighthouse" title="Happisburgh Lighthouse">Happisburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hartland_Point_Lighthouse" title="Hartland Point Lighthouse">Hartland Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harwich_High_and_Low_Lighthouses" title="Harwich High and Low Lighthouses">Harwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heugh_Lighthouse" title="Heugh Lighthouse">The Heugh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lindisfarne#Lighthouses" title="Lindisfarne">Heugh Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilbre_Island_Lighthouse" title="Hilbre Island Lighthouse">Hilbre Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millom#Landmarks" title="Millom">Hodbarrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoylake#History" title="Hoylake">Hoylake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Hunstanton_Lighthouse" title="Old Hunstanton Lighthouse">Hunstanton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurst_Point_Lighthouse" title="Hurst Point Lighthouse">Hurst Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilfracombe#Lighthouse" title="Ilfracombe">Ilfracombe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farne_Islands" title="Farne Islands">Inner Farne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Killingholme#Lighthouses" title="South Killingholme">Killingholme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leasowe_Lighthouse" title="Leasowe Lighthouse">Leasowe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lizard_Lighthouse" title="Lizard Lighthouse">Lizard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longships_Lighthouse" title="Longships Lighthouse">Longships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longstone_Lighthouse" title="Longstone Lighthouse">Longstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lowestoft_Lighthouse" title="Lowestoft Lighthouse">Lowestoft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lighthouses_on_Lundy" title="Lighthouses on Lundy">Lundy North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lighthouses_on_Lundy" title="Lighthouses on Lundy">Lundy South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynmouth_Foreland_Lighthouse" title="Lynmouth Foreland Lighthouse">Lynmouth Foreland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryport_Lighthouse" title="Maryport Lighthouse">Maryport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nab_Tower" title="Nab Tower">Nab Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Needles_Lighthouse" title="Needles Lighthouse">Needles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Brighton_Lighthouse" title="New Brighton Lighthouse">New Brighton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Foreland_Lighthouse" class="mw-redirect" title="North Foreland Lighthouse">North Foreland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_and_Low_Lights_of_North_Shields" title="High and Low Lights of North Shields">North Shields</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orfordness_Lighthouse" title="Orfordness Lighthouse">Orfordness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakefield_Lighthouse" title="Pakefield Lighthouse">Pakefield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paull#Lighthouses_and_beacons" title="Paull">Paull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pendeen_Lighthouse" title="Pendeen Lighthouse">Pendeen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peninnis_Lighthouse" title="Peninnis Lighthouse">Peninnis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plover_Scar_Lighthouse" title="Plover Scar Lighthouse">Plover Scar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plymouth_Breakwater" title="Plymouth Breakwater">Plymouth Breakwater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portishead_Point_Lighthouse" title="Portishead Point Lighthouse">Portishead Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portland_Bill_Lighthouse" title="Portland Bill Lighthouse">Portland Bill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portland_Breakwater_Lighthouse,_Dorset" title="Portland Breakwater Lighthouse, Dorset">Portland Breakwater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Higher_Lighthouse" title="Old Higher Lighthouse">Portland High</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Lower_Lighthouse" title="Old Lower Lighthouse">Portland Low</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rampside_Lighthouse" class="mw-redirect" title="Rampside Lighthouse">Rampside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roker#Lighthouses_and_pier" title="Roker">Roker Pier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Round_Island_Light,_Isles_of_Scilly" title="Round Island Light, Isles of Scilly">Round Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Sovereign_Lighthouse" title="Royal Sovereign Lighthouse">Royal Sovereign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Anthony%27s_Lighthouse" title="St Anthony's Lighthouse">St Anthony's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Bees_Lighthouse" title="St Bees Lighthouse">St Bees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Catherine%27s_Lighthouse" title="St Catherine's Lighthouse">St Catherine's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Mary%27s_Lighthouse" title="St Mary's Lighthouse">St Mary's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scarborough_Pier_Lighthouse" title="Scarborough Pier Lighthouse">Scarborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seaton_Carew_Lighthouse" title="Seaton Carew Lighthouse">Seaton Carew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smeaton%27s_Tower" title="Smeaton's Tower">Smeaton's Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Souter_Lighthouse" title="Souter Lighthouse">Souter Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Foreland_Lighthouse" class="mw-redirect" title="South Foreland Lighthouse">South Foreland Lighthouses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Gare_Lighthouse" title="South Gare Lighthouse">South Gare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Shields#Lighthouses_and_Pier" title="South Shields">South Shields</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southsea_Castle" title="Southsea Castle">Southsea Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwold_Lighthouse" title="Southwold Lighthouse">Southwold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spurn_Head" class="mw-redirect" title="Spurn Head">Spurn Head</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farne_Islands" title="Farne Islands">Staple Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Start_Point_Lighthouse" title="Start Point Lighthouse">Start Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutton_Bridge#Lighthouses" title="Sutton Bridge">Sutton Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tater_Du_Lighthouse" title="Tater Du Lighthouse">Tater Du</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trevose_Head_Lighthouse" title="Trevose Head Lighthouse">Trevose Head</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tynemouth#Tynemouth_Pier_and_lighthouse" title="Tynemouth">Tynemouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walney_Lighthouse" title="Walney Lighthouse">Walney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watchet_Harbour_Lighthouse" title="Watchet Harbour Lighthouse">Watchet Harbour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitgift,_East_Riding_of_Yorkshire#Lighthouse" title="Whitgift, East Riding of Yorkshire">Whitgift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Withernsea_Lighthouse" title="Withernsea Lighthouse">Withernsea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winterton_Lighthouse" title="Winterton Lighthouse">Winterton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitby_Lighthouse" title="Whitby Lighthouse">Whitby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitby#Landmarks" title="Whitby">Whitby Harbour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolf_Rock_Lighthouse" title="Wolf Rock Lighthouse">Wolf Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyre_Light" title="Wyre Light">Wyre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/32px-Flag_of_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/48px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/64px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:England" title="Portal:England">England portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q542839#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q542839#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q542839#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/107145857849823021392">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spurn Lighthouse <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26365310#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wlol.arlhs.com/lighthouse/ENG138.html">ARLHS</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a href="/wiki/Admiralty_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Admiralty (identifier)">Admiralty</a>: A2424</span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marinetraffic.com/en/ais/details/lights/1000004675">MarineTraffic</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spurn&oldid=1254092747">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spurn&oldid=1254092747</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:National_nature_reserves_in_England" title="Category:National nature reserves in England">National nature reserves in England</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Special_Protection_Areas_in_England" title="Category:Special Protection Areas in England">Special Protection Areas in England</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Islands_of_the_Humber" title="Category:Islands of the Humber">Islands of the Humber</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Humber" title="Category:Humber">Humber</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Nature_reserves_in_the_East_Riding_of_Yorkshire" title="Category:Nature reserves in the East Riding of Yorkshire">Nature reserves in the East Riding of Yorkshire</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Yorkshire_Wildlife_Trust_reserves" title="Category:Yorkshire Wildlife Trust reserves">Yorkshire Wildlife Trust reserves</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Bird_observatories_in_England" title="Category:Bird observatories in England">Bird observatories in England</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Yorkshire_coast" title="Category:Yorkshire coast">Yorkshire coast</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Spits_of_England" title="Category:Spits of England">Spits of England</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Easington,_East_Riding_of_Yorkshire" title="Category:Easington, East Riding of Yorkshire">Easington, East Riding of Yorkshire</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_gadget_WikiMiniAtlas" title="Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas">Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_incorporating_a_citation_from_the_DGRG_without_Wikisource_reference" title="Category:Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the DGRG without Wikisource reference">Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the DGRG without Wikisource reference</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_British_English_from_April_2015" title="Category:Use British English from April 2015">Use British English from April 2015</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_April_2023" title="Category:Use dmy dates from April 2023">Use dmy dates from April 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_OS_grid_coordinates" title="Category:Articles with OS grid coordinates">Articles with OS grid coordinates</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Coordinates_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Coordinates on Wikidata">Coordinates on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Ancient_Greek_(to_1453)-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text">Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Infobox_mapframe_without_OSM_relation_ID_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Infobox mapframe without OSM relation ID on Wikidata">Infobox mapframe without OSM relation ID on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_infobox_lighthouse_with_custom_Wikidata_item" title="Category:Pages using infobox lighthouse with custom Wikidata item">Pages using infobox lighthouse with custom Wikidata item</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_using_infobox_lighthouse" title="Category:All articles using infobox lighthouse">All articles using infobox lighthouse</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_the_Kartographer_extension" title="Category:Pages using the Kartographer extension">Pages using the Kartographer extension</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 29 October 2024, at 11:32<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spurn&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-5c59558b9d-2x98s","wgBackendResponseTime":141,"wgKartographerLiveData":{"_d190fcb79fb874ebea9d8c63f5aa0a4b7514ad05":[{"type":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":[0.118325,53.578996],"type":"Point"},"properties":{"marker-color":"#5E74F3","title":"Spurn","marker-symbol":"lighthouse"}}]},"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.209","walltime":"1.621","ppvisitednodes":{"value":7881,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":165605,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":18128,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":21,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":9,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":159048,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":5,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1457.128 1 -total"," 25.97% 378.346 5 Template:Infobox"," 21.19% 308.747 1 Template:Reflist"," 17.38% 253.318 1 Template:Infobox_UK_place"," 10.82% 157.700 12 Template:Cite_web"," 10.65% 155.171 1 Template:Infobox_lighthouse"," 9.83% 143.256 4 Template:Short_description"," 8.39% 122.241 1 Template:Langx"," 7.59% 110.600 19 Template:Main_other"," 6.19% 90.238 2 Template:Navbox"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.720","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":19068359,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"table#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-5c59558b9d-z76hx","timestamp":"20241130111015","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Spurn","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Spurn","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q542839","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q542839","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2002-10-18T14:45:45Z","dateModified":"2024-10-29T11:32:07Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/0\/0a\/Spurn_point_with_lighthouse.kirin.jpeg","headline":"narrow sand tidal island located off the tip of the coast of the East Riding of Yorkshire"}</script> </body> </html>