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<!DOCTYPE html> <html > <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/open_search.xml" title="Academia.edu"> <meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" name="viewport"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="bKJMBZA7E43xhDOopFZkssMMkBRjvYERV-NaN4R6mrs"> <meta name="csrf-param" content="authenticity_token" /> <meta name="csrf-token" content="/o274dd3fgK+5SBO7t+zXPqbUh2kKEXXmhwKqFYzBtnvER/FxRk4CflJGgyX0/ilHcBQgriShLCcUrRJGRCkSQ==" /> <meta name="citation_title" content="Early reperfusion injury is associated to MMP2 and IL-1β elevation in cortical neurons of rats subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Dr Michelangelo Certo" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /> <meta name="twitter:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/26745078/Early_reperfusion_injury_is_associated_to_MMP2_and_IL_1%CE%B2_elevation_in_cortical_neurons_of_rats_subjected_to_middle_cerebral_artery_occlusion" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Early reperfusion injury is associated to MMP2 and IL-1β elevation in cortical neurons of rats subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="—The pathophysiological processes implicated in ischemic brain damage are strongly affected by an inflam-matory reaction characterized by activation of immune cells and release of soluble mediators, including cytokines and chemokines. 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The" /> <meta property="article:author" content="https://bham.academia.edu/MichelangeloCerto" /> <meta name="description" content="—The pathophysiological processes implicated in ischemic brain damage are strongly affected by an inflam-matory reaction characterized by activation of immune cells and release of soluble mediators, including cytokines and chemokines. The" /> <title>(PDF) Early reperfusion injury is associated to MMP2 and IL-1β elevation in cortical neurons of rats subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion | Dr Michelangelo Certo - Academia.edu</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/26745078/Early_reperfusion_injury_is_associated_to_MMP2_and_IL_1%CE%B2_elevation_in_cortical_neurons_of_rats_subjected_to_middle_cerebral_artery_occlusion" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "single_work", 'action': "show", 'controller_action': 'single_work#show', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script> var $controller_name = 'single_work'; var $action_name = "show"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = '49879c2402910372f4abc62630a427bbe033d190'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.require = { config: function() { return function() {} } } </script> <script> window.Aedu = window.Aedu || {}; window.Aedu.hit_data = null; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1732417505000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1732417505000; </script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ScholarlyArticle","abstract":"—The pathophysiological processes implicated in ischemic brain damage are strongly affected by an inflam-matory reaction characterized by activation of immune cells and release of soluble mediators, including cytokines and chemokines. The pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-1b has been implicated in ischemic brain injury, however , to date, the mechanisms involved in the maturation of this cytokine in the ischemic brain have not been completely elucidated. We have previously suggested that matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) may be implicated in cytokine production under pathological conditions. Here, we demonstrate that significant elevation of IL-1b occurs in the cortex as early as 1 h after the beginning of reperfu-sion in rats subjected to 2-h middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo). At this early stage, we observe increased expression of IL-1b in pericallosal astroglial cells and in cor-tical neurons and this latter signal colocalizes with elevated gelatinolytic activity. By gel zymography, we demonstrate that the increased gelatinolytic signal at 1-h reperfusion is mainly ascribed to MMP2. Thus, MMP2 seems to contribute to early brain elevation of IL-b after transient ischemia and this mechanism may promote damage since pharmacological inhibition of gelatinases by the selective MMP2/MMP9 inhibitor V provides neuroprotection in rats subjected to transient MCAo.","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Dr Michelangelo Certo"}],"contributor":[],"dateCreated":"2016-07-05","dateModified":null,"datePublished":null,"headline":"Early reperfusion injury is associated to MMP2 and IL-1β elevation in cortical neurons of rats subjected to middle cerebral artery 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"https://www.academia.edu/login?post_login_redirect_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F26745078%2FEarly_reperfusion_injury_is_associated_to_MMP2_and_IL_1%25CE%25B2_elevation_in_cortical_neurons_of_rats_subjected_to_middle_cerebral_artery_occlusion%3Fshow_translation%3Dtrue"; window.loswp.previewableAttachments = [{"id":47024544,"identifier":"Attachment_47024544","shouldShowBulkDownload":false}]; window.loswp.shouldDetectTimezone = true; window.loswp.shouldShowBulkDownload = true; window.loswp.showSignupCaptcha = false window.loswp.willEdgeCache = false; window.loswp.work = {"work":{"id":26745078,"created_at":"2016-07-05T05:12:06.582-07:00","from_world_paper_id":null,"updated_at":"2021-01-18T11:27:39.398-08:00","_data":{"abstract":"—The pathophysiological processes implicated in ischemic brain damage are strongly affected by an inflam-matory reaction characterized by activation of immune cells and release of soluble mediators, including cytokines and chemokines. The pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-1b has been implicated in ischemic brain injury, however , to date, the mechanisms involved in the maturation of this cytokine in the ischemic brain have not been completely elucidated. We have previously suggested that matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) may be implicated in cytokine production under pathological conditions. Here, we demonstrate that significant elevation of IL-1b occurs in the cortex as early as 1 h after the beginning of reperfu-sion in rats subjected to 2-h middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo). At this early stage, we observe increased expression of IL-1b in pericallosal astroglial cells and in cor-tical neurons and this latter signal colocalizes with elevated gelatinolytic activity. By gel zymography, we demonstrate that the increased gelatinolytic signal at 1-h reperfusion is mainly ascribed to MMP2. Thus, MMP2 seems to contribute to early brain elevation of IL-b after transient ischemia and this mechanism may promote damage since pharmacological inhibition of gelatinases by the selective MMP2/MMP9 inhibitor V provides neuroprotection in rats subjected to transient MCAo."},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Early reperfusion injury is associated to MMP2 and IL-1β elevation in cortical neurons of rats subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion","broadcastable":true,"draft":false,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [46811561]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "control"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loswp.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":47024544,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Early reperfusion injury is associated to MMP2 and IL-1β elevation in cortical neurons of rats subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/47024544/mini_magick20190208-21370-1m8enr7.png?1549615638" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_splash/adobe.icon-574afd46eb6b03a77a153a647fb47e30546f9215c0ee6a25df597a779717f9ef.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Early reperfusion injury is associated to MMP2 and IL-1β elevation in cortical neurons of rats subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="46811561" href="https://bham.academia.edu/MichelangeloCerto"><img alt="Profile image of Dr Michelangelo Certo" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/46811561/13393584/136685786/s65_michelangelo.certo.jpg" />Dr Michelangelo Certo</a></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">—The pathophysiological processes implicated in ischemic brain damage are strongly affected by an inflam-matory reaction characterized by activation of immune cells and release of soluble mediators, including cytokines and chemokines. The pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-1b has been implicated in ischemic brain injury, however , to date, the mechanisms involved in the maturation of this cytokine in the ischemic brain have not been completely elucidated. We have previously suggested that matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) may be implicated in cytokine production under pathological conditions. Here, we demonstrate that significant elevation of IL-1b occurs in the cortex as early as 1 h after the beginning of reperfu-sion in rats subjected to 2-h middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo). At this early stage, we observe increased expression of IL-1b in pericallosal astroglial cells and in cor-tical neurons and this latter signal colocalizes with elevated gelatinolytic activity. By gel zymography, we demonstrate that the increased gelatinolytic signal at 1-h reperfusion is mainly ascribed to MMP2. Thus, MMP2 seems to contribute to early brain elevation of IL-b after transient ischemia and this mechanism may promote damage since pharmacological inhibition of gelatinases by the selective MMP2/MMP9 inhibitor V provides neuroprotection in rats subjected to transient MCAo.</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":47024544,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/26745078/Early_reperfusion_injury_is_associated_to_MMP2_and_IL_1%CE%B2_elevation_in_cortical_neurons_of_rats_subjected_to_middle_cerebral_artery_occlusion"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":47024544,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/26745078/Early_reperfusion_injury_is_associated_to_MMP2_and_IL_1%CE%B2_elevation_in_cortical_neurons_of_rats_subjected_to_middle_cerebral_artery_occlusion"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div></div><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-doc_id="47024544" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/26745078/Early_reperfusion_injury_is_associated_to_MMP2_and_IL_1%CE%B2_elevation_in_cortical_neurons_of_rats_subjected_to_middle_cerebral_artery_occlusion" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><div class="ds-top-related-works--grid-container"><div class="ds-related-content--container ds-top-related-works--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="12993789" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12993789/Early_upregulation_of_matrix_metalloproteinases_following_reperfusion_triggers_neuroinflammatory_mediators_in_brain_ischemia_in_rat">Early upregulation of matrix metalloproteinases following reperfusion triggers neuroinflammatory mediators in brain ischemia in rat</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32207660" href="https://uniromatre.academia.edu/GiorgioBernardi">Giorgio Bernardi</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2007</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Early upregulation of matrix metalloproteinases following reperfusion triggers neuroinflammatory mediators in brain ischemia in rat","attachmentId":45793331,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/12993789/Early_upregulation_of_matrix_metalloproteinases_following_reperfusion_triggers_neuroinflammatory_mediators_in_brain_ischemia_in_rat","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/12993789/Early_upregulation_of_matrix_metalloproteinases_following_reperfusion_triggers_neuroinflammatory_mediators_in_brain_ischemia_in_rat"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="31674605" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/31674605/Caspase_1_independent_maturation_of_IL_1%CE%B2_in_Ischemic_Brain_Injury_is_there_a_role_for_gelatinases">Caspase-1-independent maturation of IL-1β in Ischemic Brain Injury: is there a role for gelatinases</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="46811561" href="https://bham.academia.edu/MichelangeloCerto">Dr Michelangelo Certo</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Ischemic stroke is a devastating condition primarily caused by reduced blood supply to the brain. 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class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="23519283" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/23519283/Post_ischemic_brain_damage_pathophysiology_and_role_of_inflammatory_mediators">Post-ischemic brain damage: pathophysiology and role of inflammatory mediators</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="45534956" href="https://unical.academia.edu/DianaAmantea">Diana Amantea</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">FEBS Journal, 2008</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Post-ischemic brain damage: pathophysiology and role of inflammatory mediators","attachmentId":43954681,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/23519283/Post_ischemic_brain_damage_pathophysiology_and_role_of_inflammatory_mediators","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/23519283/Post_ischemic_brain_damage_pathophysiology_and_role_of_inflammatory_mediators"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="17975574" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/17975574/Matrix_Metalloproteinase_Expression_Increases_After_Cerebral_Focal_Ischemia_in_Rats_Inhibition_of_Matrix_Metalloproteinase_9_Reduces_Infarct_Size_Editorial_Comment_Inhibition_of_Matrix_Metalloproteinase_9_Reduces_Infarct_Size">Matrix Metalloproteinase Expression Increases After Cerebral Focal Ischemia in Rats : Inhibition of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Reduces Infarct Size Editorial Comment: Inhibition of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Reduces Infarct Size</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="37900667" href="https://downstate.academia.edu/FrankBarone">Frank Barone</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Stroke, 1998</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Matrix Metalloproteinase Expression Increases After Cerebral Focal Ischemia in Rats : Inhibition of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Reduces Infarct Size Editorial Comment: Inhibition of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Reduces Infarct Size","attachmentId":39809049,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/17975574/Matrix_Metalloproteinase_Expression_Increases_After_Cerebral_Focal_Ischemia_in_Rats_Inhibition_of_Matrix_Metalloproteinase_9_Reduces_Infarct_Size_Editorial_Comment_Inhibition_of_Matrix_Metalloproteinase_9_Reduces_Infarct_Size","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/17975574/Matrix_Metalloproteinase_Expression_Increases_After_Cerebral_Focal_Ischemia_in_Rats_Inhibition_of_Matrix_Metalloproteinase_9_Reduces_Infarct_Size_Editorial_Comment_Inhibition_of_Matrix_Metalloproteinase_9_Reduces_Infarct_Size"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="18969719" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/18969719/Neutrophil_Infiltration_Increases_Matrix_Metalloproteinase_9_in_the_Ischemic_Brain_after_Occlusion_Reperfusion_of_the_Middle_Cerebral_Artery_in_Rats">Neutrophil Infiltration Increases Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 in the Ischemic Brain after Occlusion/Reperfusion of the Middle Cerebral Artery in Rats</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="39114025" href="https://ub.academia.edu/Ram%C3%B3nDeulofeu">Ramón Deulofeu</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism, 2003</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Neutrophil Infiltration Increases Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 in the Ischemic Brain after Occlusion/Reperfusion of the Middle Cerebral Artery in Rats","attachmentId":40358259,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/18969719/Neutrophil_Infiltration_Increases_Matrix_Metalloproteinase_9_in_the_Ischemic_Brain_after_Occlusion_Reperfusion_of_the_Middle_Cerebral_Artery_in_Rats","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/18969719/Neutrophil_Infiltration_Increases_Matrix_Metalloproteinase_9_in_the_Ischemic_Brain_after_Occlusion_Reperfusion_of_the_Middle_Cerebral_Artery_in_Rats"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="88896522" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/88896522/Matrix_Metalloproteinase_13_is_Activated_and_is_found_in_the_Nucleus_of_Neural_Cells_after_Cerebral_Ischemia">Matrix Metalloproteinase-13 is Activated and is found in the Nucleus of Neural Cells after Cerebral Ischemia</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="54261352" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MarHernandezGuillamon">Mar Hernández-Guillamon</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow &amp; Metabolism, 2008</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been implicated in the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke. In this study, we investigated the time course of gelatinolytic activation in a rat model of permanent ischemia. We observed an activation of MMPs as early as 30 mins after the ischemic insult, mainly in the nuclei of brain cells. Besides, we explored MMP-13 expression in brain samples of the animal model and stroke deceased patients. We observed an upregulation of active MMP-13 in rat brains ( P&lt; 0.05) after 90 mins of cerebral ischemia. Human infarct/periinfarct samples also showed higher levels of active MMP-13 ( P&lt; 0.05) compared with contralateral ones. Interestingly, we found that MMP-13 colocalized with 46-diamidino-2-phenyl indole signal by immunohistochemistry in both humans and rats, suggesting an intranuclear localization for MMP-13. Immunohistochemistry also revealed that MMP-13 was mainly produced by neurons, in both species, but also by oligodendrocytes in rats, and b...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Matrix Metalloproteinase-13 is Activated and is found in the Nucleus of Neural Cells after Cerebral Ischemia","attachmentId":92793472,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/88896522/Matrix_Metalloproteinase_13_is_Activated_and_is_found_in_the_Nucleus_of_Neural_Cells_after_Cerebral_Ischemia","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/88896522/Matrix_Metalloproteinase_13_is_Activated_and_is_found_in_the_Nucleus_of_Neural_Cells_after_Cerebral_Ischemia"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":47024544,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":47024544,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_47024544" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sidebar--container js-work-sidebar"><div class="ds-related-content--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="18594782" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/18594782/Superoxide_dismutase_1_overexpression_reduces_MCP_1_and_MIP_1%CE%B1_expression_after_transient_focal_cerebral_ischemia">Superoxide dismutase 1 overexpression reduces MCP-1 and MIP-1α expression after transient focal cerebral ischemia</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="38634677" href="https://independent.academia.edu/CarolinaMaier">Carolina Maier</a></div><p 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href="https://www.academia.edu/18594782/Superoxide_dismutase_1_overexpression_reduces_MCP_1_and_MIP_1%CE%B1_expression_after_transient_focal_cerebral_ischemia"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="13674470" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13674470/Matrix_metalloproteinase_2_gene_knockout_has_no_effect_on_acute_brain_injury_after_focal_ischemia">Matrix metalloproteinase 2 gene knockout has no effect on acute brain injury after focal ischemia</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32820256" href="https://riken.academia.edu/ShigeyoshiItohara">Shigeyoshi Itohara</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Neuroreport, 2001</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Matrix metalloproteinase 2 gene knockout has no effect on acute brain injury after focal ischemia","attachmentId":49906701,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/13674470/Matrix_metalloproteinase_2_gene_knockout_has_no_effect_on_acute_brain_injury_after_focal_ischemia","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/13674470/Matrix_metalloproteinase_2_gene_knockout_has_no_effect_on_acute_brain_injury_after_focal_ischemia"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="26025971" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/26025971/Induction_of_macrophage_inflammatory_protein_MIP_1%CE%B1_mRNA_on_glial_cells_after_focal_cerebral_ischemia_in_the_rat">Induction of macrophage inflammatory protein MIP-1α mRNA on glial cells after focal cerebral ischemia in the rat</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="49771115" href="https://independent.academia.edu/KianChung1">Kian Chung</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Neuroscience Letters, 1997</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Induction of macrophage inflammatory protein MIP-1α mRNA on glial cells after focal cerebral ischemia in the rat","attachmentId":46368845,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/26025971/Induction_of_macrophage_inflammatory_protein_MIP_1%CE%B1_mRNA_on_glial_cells_after_focal_cerebral_ischemia_in_the_rat","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/26025971/Induction_of_macrophage_inflammatory_protein_MIP_1%CE%B1_mRNA_on_glial_cells_after_focal_cerebral_ischemia_in_the_rat"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="85503126" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/85503126/The_Progression_and_Topographic_Distribution_of_Interleukin_1%CE%B2_Expression_after_Permanent_Middle_Cerebral_Artery_Occlusion_in_the_Rat">The Progression and Topographic Distribution of Interleukin-1β Expression after Permanent Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in the Rat</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="227854412" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PaulStroemer">Paul Stroemer</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow &amp; Metabolism, 1999</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Progression and Topographic Distribution of Interleukin-1β Expression after Permanent Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in the Rat","attachmentId":90182221,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/85503126/The_Progression_and_Topographic_Distribution_of_Interleukin_1%CE%B2_Expression_after_Permanent_Middle_Cerebral_Artery_Occlusion_in_the_Rat","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a 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js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/5969768/Increased_gelatinase_A_MMP_2_and_gelatinase_B_MMP_9_activities_in_human_brain_after_focal_ischemia"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="102861934" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/102861934/Leukocyte_derived_matrix_metalloproteinase_9_mediates_blood_brain_barrier_breakdown_and_is_proinflammatory_after_transient_focal_cerebral_ischemia">Leukocyte-derived matrix metalloproteinase-9 mediates blood-brain barrier breakdown and is proinflammatory after transient focal cerebral ischemia</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="272466773" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RonaldoAguilarperez">Ronaldo Aguilar perez</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, 2005</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Leukocyte-derived matrix metalloproteinase-9 mediates blood-brain barrier breakdown and is proinflammatory after transient focal cerebral ischemia","attachmentId":103018372,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/102861934/Leukocyte_derived_matrix_metalloproteinase_9_mediates_blood_brain_barrier_breakdown_and_is_proinflammatory_after_transient_focal_cerebral_ischemia","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" 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ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="39378877" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HidekazuTomimoto">Hidekazu Tomimoto</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow &amp; Metabolism, 2001</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion Induces MMP-2 but Not MMP-9 Expression in the Microglia and Vascular Endothelium of White Matter","attachmentId":104409592,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/104769122/Chronic_Cerebral_Hypoperfusion_Induces_MMP_2_but_Not_MMP_9_Expression_in_the_Microglia_and_Vascular_Endothelium_of_White_Matter","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a 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class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="61158610" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ChristopherLeonardo1">Christopher Leonardo</a><span>, </span><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="61139448" href="https://uams.academia.edu/PaulGottschall">Paul Gottschall</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Neuroinflammation, 2008</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Delayed administration of a matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor limits progressive brain injury after hypoxia-ischemia in the neonatal 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data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/27576927/Microglia_transplantation_attenuates_white_matter_injury_in_rat_chronic_ischemia_model_via_matrix_metalloproteinase_2_inhibition">Microglia transplantation attenuates white matter injury in rat chronic ischemia model via matrix metalloproteinase-2 inhibition</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="51710770" href="https://independent.academia.edu/YamaguchiShuhei">Shuhei Yamaguchi</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Brain Research, 2010</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Microglia transplantation attenuates white matter injury in rat chronic ischemia model 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data-entity-id="30514559" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/30514559/Matrix_Metalloproteinase_9_Gene_Knock_out_Protects_the_Immature_Brain_after_Cerebral_Hypoxia_Ischemia">Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Gene Knock-out Protects the Immature Brain after Cerebral Hypoxia-Ischemia</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="58170974" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HenrikHagberg">Henrik Hagberg</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Neuroscience, 2007</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Gene Knock-out Protects the Immature Brain after Cerebral 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translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="14" data-entity-id="97010803" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/97010803/Inhibition_of_MMP_9_by_a_selective_gelatinase_inhibitor_protects_neurovasculature_from_embolic_focal_cerebral_ischemia">Inhibition of MMP-9 by a selective gelatinase inhibitor protects neurovasculature from embolic focal cerebral ischemia</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="33460551" href="https://missouri.academia.edu/GraceSun">Grace Sun</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Molecular Neurodegeneration, 2012</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" 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ds2-5-body-xs">Neuroscience, 2009</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Inhibition of gelatinase activity reduces neural injury in an ex vivo model of hypoxia–ischemia","attachmentId":52059616,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/31752544/Inhibition_of_gelatinase_activity_reduces_neural_injury_in_an_ex_vivo_model_of_hypoxia_ischemia","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/31752544/Inhibition_of_gelatinase_activity_reduces_neural_injury_in_an_ex_vivo_model_of_hypoxia_ischemia"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span 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