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class="mw-page-title-main">Chichimeca Jonaz language</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 8 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-8" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">8 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_jonaz" title="Idioma jonaz – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Idioma jonaz" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tchitchimekeg" title="Tchitchimekeg – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Tchitchimekeg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Txitximeca_Jonaz" title="Txitximeca Jonaz – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Txitximeca Jonaz" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%A1it%C5%A1imeka-honase_keel" title="Tšitšimeka-honase keel – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tšitšimeka-honase keel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_chichimeca_jonaz" title="Idioma chichimeca jonaz – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Idioma chichimeca jonaz" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonaz" title="Jonaz – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Jonaz" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenga_chichimeca-jonaz" title="Lenga chichimeca-jonaz – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lenga chichimeca-jonaz" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0-%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81_(%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA)" title="Чичимека-хонас (язык) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Чичимека-хонас (язык)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3915427#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div 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i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Chichimeca" title="Chichimeca">Chichimeca</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above above" style="font-size:125%; color: black; background-color: #c0dde6;">Chichimeca</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:110%; color: black; background-color: #c0dde6;">Jonaz</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:110%; color: black; background-color: #c0dde6;"><i>Ezaꞌr</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Native to</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Region</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Guanajuato" title="Guanajuato">Guanajuato</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Ethnicity</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Chichimeca_Jonaz_people" title="Chichimeca Jonaz people">Chichimeca Jonaz</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Native speakers</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">2,400 (2020 census)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/Language_family" title="Language family">Language family</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Oto-Manguean" class="mw-redirect" title="Oto-Manguean">Oto-Manguean</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1.35em;padding-left:0"><li> <a href="/wiki/Oto-Pamean" class="mw-redirect" title="Oto-Pamean">Oto-Pame</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><b>Chichimeca</b></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: #c0dde6;">Language codes</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/pei" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:pei">pei</a></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Glottolog" title="Glottolog">Glottolog</a></i></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/chic1272">chic1272</a></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Endangered_Languages_Project" title="Endangered Languages Project">ELP</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.endangeredlanguages.com/lang/3457">Chichimeca-Jonaz</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint selfref" style="background-color:#E7E7FF;color:inherit;padding:0.3em 0.5em;text-align:left;line-height:1.3;"><b>This article contains <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a> phonetic symbols.</b> Without proper <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA#Rendering_issues" title="Help:IPA">rendering support</a>, you may see <a href="/wiki/Specials_(Unicode_block)#Replacement_character" title="Specials (Unicode block)">question marks, boxes, or other symbols</a> instead of <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">Help:IPA</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236303919">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}</style> <p><b>Chichimeca</b> or <b>Chichimeca Jonaz</b> is an <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Mexico" title="Languages of Mexico">indigenous language of Mexico</a> spoken by around 200 <a href="/wiki/Chichimeca_Jonaz_people" title="Chichimeca Jonaz people">Chichimeca Jonaz</a> people in Misión de Chichimecas near <a href="/wiki/San_Luis_de_la_Paz" title="San Luis de la Paz">San Luis de la Paz</a> in the state of <a href="/wiki/Guanajuato" title="Guanajuato">Guanajuato</a>. The Chichimeca Jonaz language belongs to the <a href="/wiki/Oto-Pamean" class="mw-redirect" title="Oto-Pamean">Oto-Pamean</a> branch of the <a href="/wiki/Oto-Manguean_languages" title="Oto-Manguean languages">Oto-Manguean</a> language family. The Chichimecos self identify as <i>úza</i> and call their language <i>eza'r</i>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Distribution">Distribution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chichimeca_Jonaz_language&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Distribution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The language is currently spoken only in San Luis de la Paz (<a href="/wiki/Guanajuato" title="Guanajuato">Guanajuato</a>), in the settlements of Berlín, Buenavista (El Cuernito), Cerro Blanco, Colonia Benito Juárez [Plan Benito Juárez], Ejido Santa Ana y Lobos (Fracción de Lourdes), El Desmonte, El Sauz Tres, El Tepetate, Exhacienda de Ortega (Ejido Ortega), Garibaldi (El Cerrito), La Ciénega, La Curva, La Huerta, La Laguna (La Lagunita), La Leona, La Mesa de Jesús, La Norita, Los Dolores (Las Quince Letras), Lourdes (Estación de Lourdes), Maguey Blanco, Manzanares, Mesa de Escalante, Mesa de la Estacada, Mesa del Pueblo, Misión de Chichimecas, Norita del Refugio, Parajes, Paso Colorado, Piedras de Lumbre, Pozo Hondo (Exhacienda de Pozo Hondo), Puerto de la Virginita, Puerto del Gato, Rancho Nuevo de las Trojes, San Antonio Chiquito, San Antonio Primero, San Ignacio, San Isidro de Pozos (San Isidrito), San José del Carmen, and San Pedro de los Pozos (Mineral de Pozos).<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1934, <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Soustelle" title="Jacques Soustelle">Jacques Soustelle</a> counted 452 chichimecas, 63 of whom were children who attended the local school. Prior to that point the language was spoken in five other locations:<sup id="cite_ref-deangulo_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-deangulo-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li>Misión Arnedo (Guanajuato) to the east of San Luis, near Villa Victoria.</li> <li>Misión de las Palmas (<a href="/wiki/Quer%C3%A9taro" title="Querétaro">Querétaro</a>), along the Etorax river, which arises near Victoria.</li> <li>Misión de Santa Rosa, to the north of Victoria.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Pedro_Tolim%C3%A1n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="San Pedro Tolimán (page does not exist)">San Pedro Tolimán</a>, where a mission was established in the 18th century, which failed, however, and the chichimecas abandoned the area. It was later repopulated with <a href="/wiki/Otomi_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Otomi people">Otomís</a>.</li> <li>Villa Colón (Querétaro), to the south of Tolimán.</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Phonology">Phonology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chichimeca_Jonaz_language&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Phonology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Chichimeca Jonaz is a <a href="/wiki/Tone_(linguistics)" title="Tone (linguistics)">tonal</a> language and distinguishes high and low level tones.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <caption>Vowels </caption> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Front_vowel" title="Front vowel">Front</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Central_vowel" title="Central vowel">Central</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Back_vowel" title="Back vowel">Back</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Close_vowel" title="Close vowel">Close</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close front unrounded vowel">i</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_front_rounded_vowel" title="Close front rounded vowel">y</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close back rounded vowel">u</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Mid_vowel" title="Mid vowel">Mid</a> </th> <td colspan="2"><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close-mid front unrounded vowel">e</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close-mid back rounded vowel">o</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Open_vowel" title="Open vowel">Open</a> </th> <td colspan="2"><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Near-open_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Near-open front unrounded vowel">æ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open front unrounded vowel">a</a></span> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>In addition, Chichimeca Jonaz has nasal counterparts of these vowels, which are /<span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Nasal_vowel" title="Nasal vowel">ĩ ỹ ũ ẽ õ æ̃ ã</a></span>/.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2" colspan="2"> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Labial_consonant" title="Labial consonant">Labial</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_consonant" title="Alveolar consonant">Alveolar</a> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Palatal_consonant" title="Palatal consonant">Palatal</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Velar_consonant" title="Velar consonant">Velar</a> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Glottal_consonant" title="Glottal consonant">Glottal</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><span style="font-size:85%;">plain</span></th> <th><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Sibilant" title="Sibilant">sib.</a></span> </th> <th><span style="font-size:85%;">plain</span></th> <th><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Labialization" title="Labialization">lab.</a></span> </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Nasal_consonant" title="Nasal consonant">Nasal</a> </th> <th><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Fortis_and_lenis" title="Fortis and lenis">fortis</a></span> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_nasal" title="Voiced bilabial nasal">m</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_nasal" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar nasal">n</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Fortis_and_lenis" title="Fortis and lenis">lenis</a></span><sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_nasal" title="Voiced bilabial nasal">mː</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_nasal" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar nasal">nː</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Plosive" title="Plosive">Plosive</a>/<br /><a href="/wiki/Affricate" title="Affricate">Affricate</a> </th> <th><span style="font-size:85%;">plain</span> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiceless bilabial plosive">p</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless alveolar plosive">t</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_affricate" title="Voiceless alveolar affricate">t͡s</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_affricate" title="Voiceless postalveolar affricate">t͡ʃ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_plosive" title="Voiceless velar plosive">k</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Labialization" title="Labialization">kʷ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Glottal_stop" title="Glottal stop">ʔ</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Aspirated_consonant" title="Aspirated consonant">aspirated</a></span> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Aspirated_consonant" title="Aspirated consonant">pʰ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Aspirated_consonant" title="Aspirated consonant">tʰ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Aspirated_consonant" title="Aspirated consonant">t͡sʰ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Aspirated_consonant" title="Aspirated consonant">kʰ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Labialization" title="Labialization">kʷʰ</a></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Ejective_consonant" title="Ejective consonant">ejective</a></span> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Bilabial_ejective_stop" title="Bilabial ejective stop">pʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_ejective_stop" class="mw-redirect" title="Alveolar ejective stop">tʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_ejective_affricate" title="Alveolar ejective affricate">t͡sʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Palato-alveolar_ejective_affricate" title="Palato-alveolar ejective affricate">t͡ʃʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Velar_ejective_stop" title="Velar ejective stop">kʼ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Fricative" title="Fricative">Fricative</a> </th> <th><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Voicelessness" title="Voicelessness">voiceless</a></span> </th> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless alveolar fricative">s</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_glottal_fricative" title="Voiceless glottal fricative">h</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Voice_(phonetics)" title="Voice (phonetics)">voiced</a></span> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_fricative" title="Voiced bilabial fricative">β</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiced alveolar fricative">z</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_fricative" title="Voiced velar fricative">ɣ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Labialization" title="Labialization">ɣʷ</a></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Nasalization" title="Nasalization">nasal</a></span> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Nasalization" title="Nasalization">β̃</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Rhotic_consonant" title="Rhotic consonant">Rhotic</a> </th> <th><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Trill_consonant" title="Trill consonant">trill</a></span> </th> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_trill" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar trill">r</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Tap_and_flap_consonants" title="Tap and flap consonants">tap</a></span> </th> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_dental_and_alveolar_taps_and_flaps" title="Voiced dental and alveolar taps and flaps">ɾ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Nasalization" title="Nasalization">nasal</a></span> </th> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_nasal_tap" class="mw-redirect" title="Alveolar nasal tap">ɾ̃</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Approximant" title="Approximant">Approximant</a> </th> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar lateral approximant">l</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93velar_approximant" title="Voiced labial–velar approximant">w</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Sounds <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/β,<span class="wrap"> </span>ɾ/</span> are heard as voiced stops <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[b,<span class="wrap"> </span>d]</span> when after a nasal consonant.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chichimeca_Jonaz_language&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cuentame.inegi.org.mx/hipertexto/todas_lenguas.htm">Lenguas indígenas y hablantes de 3 años y más, 2020</a> INEGI. Censo de Población y Vivienda 2020.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.inali.gob.mx/clin-inali/html/v_chichimeco_jonaz.html">"Catálogo de las Lenguas Indígenas Nacionales"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cat%C3%A1logo+de+las+Lenguas+Ind%C3%ADgenas+Nacionales&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.inali.gob.mx%2Fclin-inali%2Fhtml%2Fv_chichimeco_jonaz.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChichimeca+Jonaz+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-deangulo-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-deangulo_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFde_Angulo1933" class="citation journal cs1">de Angulo, Jaime (1933). "The Chichimeco language (Central Mexico)". <i>International Journal of American Linguistics</i>. <b>7</b> (3/4): 152–194. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F463802">10.1086/463802</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1262948">1262948</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:224807733">224807733</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+American+Linguistics&rft.atitle=The+Chichimeco+language+%28Central+Mexico%29&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=3%2F4&rft.pages=152-194&rft.date=1933&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A224807733%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1262948%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F463802&rft.aulast=de+Angulo&rft.aufirst=Jaime&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChichimeca+Jonaz+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Suaréz 1983 p. 51</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Lastra 1984 p. 23</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lizárraga Navarro (2018)</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chichimeca_Jonaz_language&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-hanging-indents" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSuaréz,_Jorge_A.1983" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jorge_A._Suar%C3%A9z&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jorge A. Suaréz (page does not exist)">Suaréz, Jorge A.</a> (1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/mesoamericanindi0009suar"><i>The Mesoamerian Indian Languages</i></a>. Cambridge Languages Surveys. Cambridge: <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-22834-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-22834-4"><bdi>0-521-22834-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/8034800">8034800</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Mesoamerian+Indian+Languages&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.series=Cambridge+Languages+Surveys&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1983&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F8034800&rft.isbn=0-521-22834-4&rft.au=Suar%C3%A9z%2C+Jorge+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmesoamericanindi0009suar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChichimeca+Jonaz+language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLastra_de_Suárez,_Yolanda1984" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Yolanda_Lastra" title="Yolanda Lastra">Lastra de Suárez, Yolanda</a> (1984). "Chichimeco Jonaz". In <a href="/wiki/Munro_Edmonson" class="mw-redirect" title="Munro Edmonson">Munro S. Edmonson</a> (Volume ed.), with Patricia A. Andrews (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Handbook_of_Middle_American_Indians" title="Handbook of Middle American Indians">Supplement to the Handbook of Middle American Indians, Vol. 2: Linguistics</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Victoria_Bricker" title="Victoria Bricker">Victoria Reifler Bricker</a> (General Editor). Austin: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Texas_Press" title="University of Texas Press">University of Texas Press</a>. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/supplementtohand00edmo/page/20">20–43</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-292-77593-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-292-77593-8"><bdi>0-292-77593-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/10207920">10207920</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chichimeco+Jonaz&rft.btitle=Supplement+to+the+Handbook+of+Middle+American+Indians%2C+Vol.+2%3A+Linguistics&rft.place=Austin&rft.pages=20-43&rft.pub=University+of+Texas+Press&rft.date=1984&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F10207920&rft.isbn=0-292-77593-8&rft.au=Lastra+de+Su%C3%A1rez%2C+Yolanda&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChichimeca+Jonaz+language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLizárraga_Navarro2018" class="citation book cs1">Lizárraga Navarro, Glenda Zoé (2018). <i>Morfología verbal de persona y número en chichimeco jonaz</i>. El Colegio de México.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Morfolog%C3%ADa+verbal+de+persona+y+n%C3%BAmero+en+chichimeco+jonaz&rft.pub=El+Colegio+de+M%C3%A9xico&rft.date=2018&rft.aulast=Liz%C3%A1rraga+Navarro&rft.aufirst=Glenda+Zo%C3%A9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChichimeca+Jonaz+language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://site.inali.gob.mx/Micrositios/estadistica_basica/estadisticas2015/V_familia_oto_mangue.html">"Estadística básica de la población hablante de lenguas indígenas nacionales 2015"</a>. <i>site.inali.gob.mx</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-10-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=site.inali.gob.mx&rft.atitle=Estad%C3%ADstica+b%C3%A1sica+de+la+poblaci%C3%B3n+hablante+de+lenguas+ind%C3%ADgenas+nacionales+2015&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsite.inali.gob.mx%2FMicrositios%2Festadistica_basica%2Festadisticas2015%2FV_familia_oto_mangue.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChichimeca+Jonaz+language" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mazahua_language" title="Mazahua language">Central Mazahua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazahua_language" title="Mazahua language">Michoacán Mazahua</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Otomi_language" title="Otomi language">Otomi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Classical_Otomi" title="Classical Otomi">Classical Otomi</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mezquital_Otomi" class="mw-redirect" title="Mezquital Otomi">Mezquital Otomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tilapa_Otomi" title="Tilapa Otomi">Tilapa Otomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acazulco_Otomi" title="Acazulco Otomi">Acazulco Otomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highland_Otomi" class="mw-redirect" title="Highland Otomi">Highland Otomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenango_Otomi" class="mw-redirect" title="Tenango Otomi">Tenango Otomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quer%C3%A9taro_Otomi" class="mw-redirect" title="Querétaro Otomi">Querétaro Otomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estado_de_M%C3%A9xico_Otomi" class="mw-redirect" title="Estado de México Otomi">Estado de México Otomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temoaya_Otomi" title="Temoaya Otomi">Temoaya Otomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texcatepec_Otomi" class="mw-redirect" title="Texcatepec Otomi">Texcatepec Otomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ixtenco_Otomi" title="Ixtenco Otomi">Ixtenco Otomi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Matlatzincan_languages" title="Matlatzincan languages">Matlatzincan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tlahuica_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Tlahuica language">Tlahuica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matlatzinca_language" title="Matlatzinca language">Matlatzinca</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pamean_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Pamean languages">Pamean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pame_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Pame language">Central Pame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pame_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Pame language">Northern Pame</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pame_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Pame language">Southern Pame</a></i></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chichimeca Jonaz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i>Italics</i> indicate <a href="/wiki/Language_death" title="Language death">extinct languages</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Oto-Manguean_languages" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Oto-Manguean_languages" title="Template:Oto-Manguean languages"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Oto-Manguean_languages" title="Template talk:Oto-Manguean languages"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Oto-Manguean_languages" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Oto-Manguean languages"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Oto-Manguean_languages" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Oto-Manguean_languages" title="Oto-Manguean languages">Oto-Manguean languages</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Western</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oto-Pamean_languages" title="Oto-Pamean languages">Oto-Pamean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Otomian" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Otomian_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Otomian languages">Otomian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mazahua_language" title="Mazahua language">Mazahua</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mazahua_language" title="Mazahua language">Central Mazahua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazahua_language" title="Mazahua language">Michoacán Mazahua</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Otomi_language" title="Otomi language">Otomi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Classical_Otomi" title="Classical Otomi">Classical Otomi</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mezquital_Otomi" class="mw-redirect" title="Mezquital Otomi">Mezquital Otomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tilapa_Otomi" title="Tilapa Otomi">Tilapa Otomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acazulco_Otomi" title="Acazulco Otomi">Acazulco Otomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highland_Otomi" class="mw-redirect" title="Highland Otomi">Highland Otomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenango_Otomi" class="mw-redirect" title="Tenango Otomi">Tenango Otomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quer%C3%A9taro_Otomi" class="mw-redirect" title="Querétaro Otomi">Querétaro Otomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estado_de_M%C3%A9xico_Otomi" class="mw-redirect" title="Estado de México Otomi">Estado de México Otomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temoaya_Otomi" title="Temoaya Otomi">Temoaya Otomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texcatepec_Otomi" class="mw-redirect" title="Texcatepec Otomi">Texcatepec Otomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ixtenco_Otomi" title="Ixtenco Otomi">Ixtenco Otomi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Matlatzincan_languages" title="Matlatzincan languages">Matlatzincan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tlahuica_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Tlahuica language">Tlahuica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matlatzinca_language" title="Matlatzinca language">Matlatzinca</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pamean_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Pamean languages">Pamean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pame_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Pame language">Central Pame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pame_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Pame language">Northern Pame</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pame_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Pame language">Southern Pame</a></i></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chichimeca Jonaz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chinantecan_languages" title="Chinantecan languages">Chinantecan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinantec" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinantec">Chinantec</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chiltepec-Tlacoatzintepec_Chinantec" title="Chiltepec-Tlacoatzintepec Chinantec">Chiltepec-Tlacoatzintepec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highland_Chinantec_language" title="Highland Chinantec language">Highland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lalana-Tepinapa_Chinantec" title="Lalana-Tepinapa Chinantec">Lalana-Tepinapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lealao_Chinantec" title="Lealao Chinantec">Lealao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinantec_of_Ojitl%C3%A1n" title="Chinantec of Ojitlán">Ojitlán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinantec_of_Ozumac%C3%ADn" title="Chinantec of Ozumacín">Ozumacín</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palantla_Chinantec" title="Palantla Chinantec">Palantla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sochiapam_Chinantec" title="Sochiapam Chinantec">Sochiapam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinantec_of_Tepetotutla" title="Chinantec of Tepetotutla">Tepetotutla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usila_Chinantec" title="Usila Chinantec">Usila</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tlapanecan_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Tlapanecan languages">Tlapanecan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Subtiaba_language" title="Subtiaba language">Subtiaba</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tlapanec_language" title="Tlapanec language">Tlapanec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Manguean_languages" title="Manguean languages">Manguean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Chiapanec_language" title="Chiapanec language">Chiapanec</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mangue_language" title="Mangue language">Chorotega/Mangue</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eastern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Popolocan_languages" title="Popolocan languages">Popolocan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chocho_language" title="Chocho language">Chocho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ixcatec_language" title="Ixcatec language">Ixcatec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazatecan_languages" title="Mazatecan languages">Mazatec</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mazatecan_languages#Languages" title="Mazatecan languages">varieties</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popolocan_languages" title="Popolocan languages">Popolocan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Zapotecan_languages" title="Zapotecan languages">Zapotecan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chatino</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chatino_language" title="Chatino language">Chatino</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Zapotec_languages" title="Zapotec languages">Zapotec</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Northern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sierra Juárez</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ixtl%C3%A1n_Zapotec" title="Ixtlán Zapotec">Ixtlán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alo%C3%A1pam_Zapotec" title="Aloápam Zapotec">Aloápam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaves%C3%ADa_Zapotec" title="Yavesía Zapotec">Yavesía</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abejones_Zapotec" title="Abejones Zapotec">Abejones</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rincón</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rinc%C3%B3n_Zapotec" title="Rincón Zapotec">Rincón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yatee_Zapotec" title="Yatee Zapotec">Yatee</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cajonos</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cajonos_Zapotec" title="Cajonos Zapotec">Cajonos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoogocho_Zapotec" title="Zoogocho Zapotec">Zoogocho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yatzachi_Zapotec" title="Yatzachi Zapotec">Yatzachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yal%C3%A1lag_Zapotec" title="Yalálag Zapotec">Yalálag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taba%C3%A1_Zapotec" title="Tabaá Zapotec">Tabaá</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cho%C3%A1pam_Zapotec" title="Choápam Zapotec">Choápam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cis-Yautepec</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mixtepec_Zapotec" title="Mixtepec Zapotec">Mixtepec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quiegolani_Zapotec" title="Quiegolani Zapotec">Quiegolani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lapagu%C3%ADa_Zapotec" title="Lapaguía Zapotec">Lapaguía</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xanagu%C3%ADa_Zapotec" title="Xanaguía Zapotec">Xanaguía</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X%C3%A1nica_Zapotec" title="Xánica Zapotec">Xánica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tlacolulita_Zapotec" title="Tlacolulita Zapotec">Tlacolulita</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Coatec</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coatecas_Altas_Zapotec" title="Coatecas Altas Zapotec">Coatecas Altas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miahuatl%C3%A1n_Zapotec" title="Miahuatlán Zapotec">Miahuatlán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ozolotepec_Zapotec" title="Ozolotepec Zapotec">Ozolotepec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Central</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Trans-Yautepec</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guevea_Zapotec" title="Guevea Zapotec">Guevea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petapa_Zapotec" title="Petapa Zapotec">Petapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lachiguiri_Zapotec" title="Lachiguiri Zapotec">Lachiguiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quiavicuzas_Zapotec" title="Quiavicuzas Zapotec">Quiavicuzas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Western Valley</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chichic%C3%A1pam_Zapotec" title="Chichicápam Zapotec">Chichicápam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCil%C3%A1_Zapotec" title="Güilá Zapotec">Güilá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Tlacolula_Valley_Zapotec" title="Western Tlacolula Valley Zapotec">Western Tlacolula Valley</a></li> <li>Extended Ocotepec <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isthmus_Zapotec" title="Isthmus Zapotec">Isthmus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocotl%C3%A1n_Zapotec" title="Ocotlán Zapotec">Ocotlán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaachila_Zapotec" title="Zaachila Zapotec">Zaachila</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albarradas_Zapotec" title="Albarradas Zapotec">Albarradas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitla_Zapotec" title="Mitla Zapotec">Mitla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antequera_Zapotec" title="Antequera Zapotec">Antequera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayoquezco_Zapotec" title="Ayoquezco Zapotec">Ayoquezco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quiatoni_Zapotec" title="Quiatoni Zapotec">Quiatoni</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/El_Alto_Zapotec" title="El Alto Zapotec">El Alto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lachix%C3%ADo_Zapotec" title="Lachixío Zapotec">Lachixío</a></li> <li>Papabuco <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elotepec_Zapotec" title="Elotepec Zapotec">Elotepec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texmelucan_Zapotec" title="Texmelucan Zapotec">Texmelucan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaniza_Zapotec" title="Zaniza Zapotec">Zaniza</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solteco_Zapotec" title="Solteco Zapotec">Solteco</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Amuzgoan_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Amuzgoan languages">Amuzgoan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amuzgo_language" title="Amuzgo language">Amuzgo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mixtecan_languages" title="Mixtecan languages">Mixtecan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuicatec_language" title="Cuicatec language">Cuicatec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixtec_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Mixtec language">Mixtec</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amoltepec_Mixtec" title="Amoltepec Mixtec">Amoltepec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apoala_Mixtec" title="Apoala Mixtec">Apoala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atatl%C3%A1huca%E2%80%93San_Miguel_Mixtec" title="Atatláhuca–San Miguel Mixtec">Atatláhuca–San Miguel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayutla_Mixtec" title="Ayutla Mixtec">Ayutla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cacaloxtepec_Mixtec" title="Cacaloxtepec Mixtec">Cacaloxtepec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chayuco-Jamiltepec_Mixtec" title="Chayuco-Jamiltepec Mixtec">Chayuco-Jamiltepec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chazumba_Mixtec" title="Chazumba Mixtec">Chazumba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chigmecatitl%C3%A1n_Mixtec" title="Chigmecatitlán Mixtec">Chigmecatitlán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coatzospan_Mixtec" title="Coatzospan Mixtec">Coatzospan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuyamecalco_Mixtec" title="Cuyamecalco Mixtec">Cuyamecalco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estetla_Mixtec" title="Estetla Mixtec">Estetla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ixtayutla_Mixtec" title="Ixtayutla Mixtec">Ixtayutla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitlatongo-Yutanduchi_Mixtec" title="Mitlatongo-Yutanduchi Mixtec">Mitlatongo-Yutanduchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixtepec_Mixtec" title="Mixtepec Mixtec">Mixtepec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%91um%C3%AD_Mixtec" title="Ñumí Mixtec">Ñumí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuxa%C3%A1_Mixtec" title="Nuxaá Mixtec">Nuxaá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuyoo_Mixtec" title="Nuyoo Mixtec">Nuyoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pe%C3%B1asco_Mixtec" title="Peñasco Mixtec">Peñasco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinotepa_Mixtec" title="Pinotepa Mixtec">Pinotepa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Miguel_Piedras_Mixtec" title="San Miguel Piedras Mixtec">San Miguel Piedras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silacayoapan_Mixtec" title="Silacayoapan Mixtec">Silacayoapan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindihui_Mixtec" title="Sindihui Mixtec">Sindihui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Puebla_Mixtec" title="Southern Puebla Mixtec">Southern Puebla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyaltepec_Mixtec" title="Soyaltepec Mixtec">Soyaltepec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tida%C3%A1_Mixtec" title="Tidaá Mixtec">Tidaá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tilantongo_Mixtec" title="Tilantongo Mixtec">Tilantongo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tututepec_Mixtec" title="Tututepec Mixtec">Tututepec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yolox%C3%B3chitl_Mixtec" title="Yoloxóchitl Mixtec">Yoloxóchitl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zacatepec_Mixtec" title="Zacatepec Mixtec">Zacatepec</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trique_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Trique language">Trique</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td 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