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id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Mazahua language</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 14 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-14" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">14 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_mazahua" title="Idioma mazahua – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Idioma mazahua" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mazahua-Sproch" title="Mazahua-Sproch – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Mazahua-Sproch" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mazahoueg" title="Mazahoueg – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Mazahoueg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mazahua" title="Mazahua – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Mazahua" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mazahua-Sprache" title="Mazahua-Sprache – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Mazahua-Sprache" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_mazahua" title="Idioma mazahua – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Idioma mazahua" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mazahua_bhasa" title="Mazahua bhasa – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Mazahua bhasa" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mazahua" title="Mazahua – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Mazahua" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mazahua" title="Mazahua – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Mazahua" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenga_mazahua_sentral" title="Lenga mazahua sentral – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lenga mazahua sentral" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_mazaua" title="Língua mazaua – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua mazaua" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masawa_simi" title="Masawa simi – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Masawa simi" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B0_(%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA)" title="Масауа (язык) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Масауа (язык)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li 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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Oto-Pamean language of central Mexico</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Mazatecan_languages" title="Mazatecan languages">Mazatec language</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above above" style="font-size:125%; color: black; background-color: #c0dde6;">Mazahua</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:110%; color: black; background-color: #c0dde6;"><i>Jñatjo</i> (Toluca Mazahua)<br /><i>Jñatrjo</i> (Central Mazahua)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Region</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>: <a href="/wiki/State_of_Mexico" title="State of Mexico">State of Mexico</a>, <a href="/wiki/Toluca" title="Toluca">Toluca</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Ethnicity</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Mazahua_people" title="Mazahua people">Mazahua</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Native speakers</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">150,000 (2020 census)<sup id="cite_ref-INALI_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-INALI-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/Language_family" title="Language family">Language family</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Otomanguean_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Otomanguean languages">Oto-Manguean</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1.35em;padding-left:0"><li> <a href="/wiki/Oto-Pamean_languages" title="Oto-Pamean languages">Oto-Pamean</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Otomian_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Otomian languages">Otomian</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><b>Mazahua</b></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: #c0dde6;">Official status</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_language_regulators" title="List of language regulators">Regulated by</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sep.gob.mx/">Secretaría de Educación Pública</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: #c0dde6;">Language codes</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">Either:<br /><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/mmc" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:mmc">mmc</a></code> – Toluca Mazahua<br /><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/maz" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:maz">maz</a></code> – Central Mazahua</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Glottolog" title="Glottolog">Glottolog</a></i></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/maza1293">maza1293</a></code></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Mazahua_language.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Mazahua_language.png/320px-Mazahua_language.png" decoding="async" width="320" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Mazahua_language.png/480px-Mazahua_language.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6c/Mazahua_language.png 2x" data-file-width="574" data-file-height="493" /></a></span><div style="text-align:left;">Extent of the Mazahua language in Mexico</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Otomanguean_Languages.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Otomanguean_Languages.png/320px-Otomanguean_Languages.png" decoding="async" width="320" height="262" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Otomanguean_Languages.png/480px-Otomanguean_Languages.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7a/Otomanguean_Languages.png 2x" data-file-width="634" data-file-height="520" /></a></span><div style="text-align:left;">The Mazahua language, number 4 (darker blue), northwest</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint selfref" style="background-color:#E7E7FF;color:inherit;padding:0.3em 0.5em;text-align:left;line-height:1.3;"><b>This article contains <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a> phonetic symbols.</b> Without proper <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA#Rendering_issues" title="Help:IPA">rendering support</a>, you may see <a href="/wiki/Specials_(Unicode_block)#Replacement_character" title="Specials (Unicode block)">question marks, boxes, or other symbols</a> instead of <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">Help:IPA</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236303919">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}</style> <p>The <b>Mazahua language</b> (<a href="/wiki/Central_Mazahua_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Mazahua language">Central Mazahua</a>: <i lang="maz">Jñatrjo</i>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="maz-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">[ɲ̥atrjo]</a></span>) is an <a href="/wiki/Oto-Pamean_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Oto-Pamean language">Oto-Pamean language</a> spoken in the central <a href="/wiki/States_of_Mexico" class="mw-redirect" title="States of Mexico">states of Mexico</a> by the ethnic group that is widely known as the <a href="/wiki/Mazahua_people" title="Mazahua people">Mazahua</a> but calls itself the Hñatho. It is a <a href="/wiki/Mesoamerican_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Mesoamerican language">Mesoamerican language</a> and has many of the traits of the <a href="/wiki/Mesoamerican_Linguistic_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Mesoamerican Linguistic Area">Mesoamerican Linguistic Area</a>. In 2003, along with some 62 other indigenous languages, it was recognised by a <a href="/wiki/Statutory_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Statutory law">statutory law</a> of <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ley_General_de_Derechos_Ling%C3%BC%C3%ADsticos_de_los_Pueblos_Ind%C3%ADgenas" title="Ley General de Derechos Lingüísticos de los Pueblos Indígenas">General Law of Linguistic Rights of the Indigenous Peoples</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as an <a href="/wiki/Official_language" title="Official language">official language</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Federal_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Mexican Federal District">Federal District</a> and the other administrative divisions in which it is spoken, and on an equal footing with <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>. The largest concentration of Mazahua is found in the municipality of <a href="/wiki/San_Felipe_del_Progreso" title="San Felipe del Progreso">San Felipe del Progreso</a>, <a href="/wiki/State_of_M%C3%A9xico" class="mw-redirect" title="State of México">State of México</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Toluca" title="Toluca">Toluca</a>. </p><p>The closest relatives of the Mazahua language are <a href="/wiki/Otomi_language" title="Otomi language">Otomi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Matlatzinca_language" title="Matlatzinca language">Matlatzinca</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Matlatzinca_language" title="Matlatzinca language">Ocuilteco/Tlahuica</a> languages, which together with Mazahua form the Otomian subgroup of the Oto-Pamean branch of the <a href="/wiki/Oto-Manguean" class="mw-redirect" title="Oto-Manguean">Oto-Manguean</a> <a href="/wiki/Language_family" title="Language family">language family</a>. </p><p>Mazahua is a <a href="/wiki/Tonal_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Tonal language">tonal language</a> and distinguishes high, low, and falling <a href="/wiki/Tone_(linguistics)" title="Tone (linguistics)">tones</a> on all syllables except the final syllable of a word whose stress is predictable. </p><p>Mazahua's most distinctive feature is its abnormally-large <a href="/wiki/Phoneme" title="Phoneme">phoneme</a> inventory, around sixty phonemes, or twice the number in <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>. There are eight vowel phonemes, seven contrastive <a href="/wiki/Nasal_vowel" title="Nasal vowel">nasal vowels</a>, and as many as forty-five consonants. </p><p>Amongst them are <a href="/wiki/Ejective_consonant" title="Ejective consonant">ejectives</a>, <a href="/wiki/Implosive_consonant" title="Implosive consonant">implosives</a> and contrastive <a href="/wiki/Voiceless" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless">voiceless</a> <a href="/wiki/Sonorant" title="Sonorant">sonorants</a>. Along with <a href="/wiki/Sindhi_language" title="Sindhi language">Sindhi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tukang_Besi_language" title="Tukang Besi language">Tukang Besi</a>, Mazahua is a rare case of a language with true implosives that is far from regions where implosives are commonly encountered. It is also one of the few languages with ejective fricatives.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mazahua-language programming is carried by the <a href="/wiki/National_Commission_for_the_Development_of_Indigenous_Peoples" class="mw-redirect" title="National Commission for the Development of Indigenous Peoples">CDI</a>'s radio station <a href="/wiki/XETUMI-AM" class="mw-redirect" title="XETUMI-AM">XETUMI-AM</a>, broadcasting from <a href="/wiki/Tuxpan,_Michoac%C3%A1n" title="Tuxpan, Michoacán">Tuxpan, Michoacán</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Phonology">Phonology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mazahua_language&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Phonology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Consonants">Consonants</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mazahua_language&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Consonants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" rowspan="2"> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Bilabial_consonant" title="Bilabial consonant">Bilabial</a> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_consonant" title="Alveolar consonant">Alveolar</a> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Palatal_consonant" title="Palatal consonant">Palatal</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Velar_consonant" title="Velar consonant">Velar</a> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Glottal_consonant" title="Glottal consonant">Glottal</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><small>plain</small> </th> <th><small><a href="/wiki/Labialization" title="Labialization">lab.</a></small> </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Nasal_stop" class="mw-redirect" title="Nasal stop">Nasal</a> </th> <th><small><a href="/wiki/Glottalic_consonant" title="Glottalic consonant">glott.</a></small> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Creaky_voice" title="Creaky voice">m̰</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Creaky_voice" title="Creaky voice">n̰</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Creaky_voice" title="Creaky voice">ɲ̰</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><small>voiceless</small> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bilabial_nasal" title="Voiceless bilabial nasal">m̥</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_nasal" title="Voiceless alveolar nasal">n̥</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_palatal_nasal" title="Voiceless palatal nasal">ɲ̥</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><small>plain</small> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_nasal" title="Voiced bilabial nasal">m</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_nasal" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar nasal">n</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_nasal" title="Voiced palatal nasal">ɲ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Plosive" title="Plosive">Plosive</a> </th> <th><small><a href="/wiki/Implosive_consonant" title="Implosive consonant">implosive</a></small> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_implosive" title="Voiced bilabial implosive">ɓ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_implosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar implosive">ɗ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><small><a href="/wiki/Ejective_consonant" title="Ejective consonant">ejective</a></small> </th> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_ejective_stop" class="mw-redirect" title="Alveolar ejective stop">tʼ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Velar_ejective_stop" title="Velar ejective stop">kʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Ejective_consonant" title="Ejective consonant">kʼʷ</a></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><small><a href="/wiki/Aspiration_(phonetics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Aspiration (phonetics)">aspirated</a></small> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Aspirated_consonant" title="Aspirated consonant">pʰ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Aspirated_consonant" title="Aspirated consonant">tʰ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Aspirated_consonant" title="Aspirated consonant">kʰ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Labialization" title="Labialization">kʷʰ</a></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><small><a href="/wiki/Tenuis_consonant" title="Tenuis consonant">tenuis</a></small> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiceless bilabial plosive">p</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless alveolar plosive">t</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_plosive" title="Voiceless velar plosive">k</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Labialization" title="Labialization">kʷ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Glottal_stop" title="Glottal stop">ʔ</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><small>voiced</small> </th> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_plosive" title="Voiced velar plosive">ɡ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Labialization" title="Labialization">ɡʷ</a></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Affricate" title="Affricate">Affricate</a> </th> <th><small><a href="/wiki/Ejective_consonant" title="Ejective consonant">ejective</a></small> </th> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_ejective_affricate" title="Alveolar ejective affricate">tsʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Palato-alveolar_ejective_affricate" title="Palato-alveolar ejective affricate">tʃʼ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><small><a href="/wiki/Aspiration_(phonetics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Aspiration (phonetics)">aspirated</a></small> </th> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Aspirated_consonant" title="Aspirated consonant">tsʰ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Aspirated_consonant" title="Aspirated consonant">tʃʰ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><small><a href="/wiki/Tenuis_consonant" title="Tenuis consonant">tenuis</a></small> </th> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_affricate" title="Voiceless alveolar affricate">ts</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_affricate" title="Voiceless postalveolar affricate">tʃ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Fricative" title="Fricative">Fricative</a> </th> <th><small><a href="/wiki/Ejective_consonant" title="Ejective consonant">ejective</a></small> </th> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_ejective_fricative" title="Alveolar ejective fricative">sʼ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><small><a href="/wiki/Aspiration_(phonetics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Aspiration (phonetics)">aspirated</a></small> </th> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Aspirated_consonant" title="Aspirated consonant">sʰ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><small><a href="/wiki/Tenuis_consonant" title="Tenuis consonant">tenuis</a></small> </th> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless alveolar fricative">s</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless postalveolar fricative">ʃ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_glottal_fricative" title="Voiceless glottal fricative">h</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><small>voiced</small> </th> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiced alveolar fricative">z</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_fricative" title="Voiced postalveolar fricative">ʒ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_fricative" title="Voiced velar fricative">ɣ</a></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Semivowel" title="Semivowel">Semivowel</a> </th> <th><small><a href="/wiki/Glottalic_consonant" title="Glottalic consonant">glott.</a></small> </th> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Creaky_voice" title="Creaky voice">j̰</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Creaky_voice" title="Creaky voice">w̰</a></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><small>voiceless</small> </th> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_palatal_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless palatal approximant">j̊</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labial%E2%80%93velar_fricative" title="Voiceless labial–velar fricative">w̥</a></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><small>plain</small> </th> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_approximant" title="Voiced palatal approximant">j</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93velar_approximant" title="Voiced labial–velar approximant">w</a></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Liquid_consonant" title="Liquid consonant">Liquid</a> </th> <th><small><a href="/wiki/Lateral_consonant" title="Lateral consonant">lateral</a></small> </th> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar lateral approximant">l</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><small><a href="/wiki/Trill_consonant" title="Trill consonant">trill</a></small> </th> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_trill" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar trill">r</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oral_vowels">Oral vowels</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mazahua_language&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Oral vowels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2"> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Front_vowel" title="Front vowel">Front</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Back_vowel" title="Back vowel">Back</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Close_vowel" title="Close vowel">Close</a> </th> <th><small>oral</small> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close front unrounded vowel">i</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close back rounded vowel">u</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><small>nasal</small> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Nasal_vowel" title="Nasal vowel">ĩ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Nasal_vowel" title="Nasal vowel">ũ</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_vowel" title="Close-mid vowel">Close-mid</a> </th> <th><small>oral</small> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close-mid front unrounded vowel">e</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close-mid back rounded vowel">o</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><small>nasal</small> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Nasal_vowel" title="Nasal vowel">ẽ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Nasal_vowel" title="Nasal vowel">õ</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Mid_vowel" title="Mid vowel">Mid</a> </th> <td colspan="2"><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Mid_central_vowel" title="Mid central vowel">ə</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_vowel" title="Open-mid vowel">Open-mid</a> </th> <th><small>oral</small> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open-mid front unrounded vowel">ɛ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Open-mid back rounded vowel">ɔ</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><small>nasal</small> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Nasal_vowel" title="Nasal vowel">ɛ̃</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Nasal_vowel" title="Nasal vowel">ɔ̃</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Open_vowel" title="Open vowel">Open</a> </th> <th><small>oral</small> </th> <td colspan="2"><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open front unrounded vowel">a</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><small>nasal</small> </th> <td colspan="2"><span class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Nasal_vowel" title="Nasal vowel">ã</a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Orthography">Orthography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mazahua_language&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Orthography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The orthography is based on the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish alphabet">Spanish alphabet</a>, with additional rules to account for the large phonetic inventory of Mazahua: </p> <ul><li>A diagonal strikethrough indicates a <a href="/wiki/Vowel_reduction" title="Vowel reduction">reduced vowel</a> (these letters were added to <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> in 2016)<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Underline indicates a <a href="/wiki/Nasal_vowel" title="Nasal vowel">nasal vowel</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>An apostrophe indicates an <a href="/wiki/Ejective_consonant" title="Ejective consonant">ejective consonant</a> or <a href="/wiki/Glottalic_consonant" title="Glottalic consonant">glottalic consonant</a></li> <li>The letter <i>j</i> after a consonant indicates an <a href="/wiki/Aspirated_consonant" title="Aspirated consonant">aspirated consonant</a></li> <li>The letter <i>u</i> after a consonant indicates <a href="/wiki/Labialization" title="Labialization">labialization</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th align="center"><a href="/wiki/Grapheme" title="Grapheme">Grapheme</a> </th> <th align="center"><a href="/wiki/Phoneme" title="Phoneme">Phoneme</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th align="center">a </th> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Open_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open front unrounded vowel">a</a>]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th align="center">ⱥ </th> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Mid_central_vowel" title="Mid central vowel">ə</a>]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th align="center">a̱ </th> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Nasal_vowel" title="Nasal vowel">ã</a>]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th align="center">b </th> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_implosive" title="Voiced bilabial implosive">ɓ</a>]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th align="center">c </th> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_plosive" title="Voiceless velar plosive">k</a>]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th align="center">cꞌ </th> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Velar_ejective_stop" title="Velar ejective stop">kʼ</a>]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th align="center">cj </th> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Aspirated_consonant" title="Aspirated consonant">kʰ</a>]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th align="center">cu </th> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Labialization" title="Labialization">kʷ</a>]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th align="center">cꞌu </th> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Labialization" title="Labialization">kʷʼ</a>]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th align="center">cju </th> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Labialization" title="Labialization">kʷʰ</a>]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th align="center">ch </th> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_affricate" title="Voiceless postalveolar affricate">tʃ</a>]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th align="center">chꞌ </th> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Palato-alveolar_ejective_affricate" title="Palato-alveolar ejective affricate">tʃʼ</a>]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th align="center">chj </th> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Aspirated_consonant" title="Aspirated consonant">tʃʰ</a>]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th align="center">d </th> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_implosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar implosive">ɗ</a>]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th align="center">dy </th> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_affricate" title="Voiced alveolar affricate">dz</a>]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th align="center">e </th> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close-mid front unrounded vowel">e</a>]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th align="center">ɇ </th> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Open-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open-mid front unrounded vowel">ɛ</a>]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th align="center">e̱ </th> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Nasal_vowel" title="Nasal vowel">ɛ̃</a>]</span>/<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Nasal_vowel" title="Nasal vowel">ẽ</a>]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th align="center">g </th> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_plosive" title="Voiced velar plosive">ɡ</a>]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th align="center">gu </th> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Labialization" title="Labialization">ɡʷ</a>]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th align="center">hu </th> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93velar_approximant" title="Voiced labial–velar approximant">w</a>]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th align="center">ꞌhu </th> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Creaky_voice" title="Creaky voice">w̰</a>]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th align="center">i </th> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Close_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close front unrounded vowel">i</a>]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th align="center">i̱ </th> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Nasal_vowel" title="Nasal vowel">ĩ</a>]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th align="center">j </th> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_approximant" title="Voiced palatal approximant">j</a>]</span>/<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_glottal_fricative" title="Voiceless glottal fricative">h</a>]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th align="center">jꞌ </th> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Creaky_voice" title="Creaky voice">j̰</a>]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th align="center">jm </th> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bilabial_nasal" title="Voiceless bilabial nasal">m̥</a>]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th align="center">jn </th> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_nasal" title="Voiceless alveolar nasal">n̥</a>]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th align="center">jñ </th> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_palatal_nasal" title="Voiceless palatal nasal">ɲ̥</a>]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th align="center">ju </th> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labial%E2%80%93velar_fricative" title="Voiceless labial–velar fricative">w̥</a>]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th align="center">jy </th> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_palatal_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless palatal approximant">j̊</a>]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th align="center">l </th> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar lateral approximant">l</a>]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th align="center">m </th> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_nasal" title="Voiced bilabial nasal">m</a>]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th align="center">mꞌ </th> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Creaky_voice" title="Creaky voice">m̰</a>]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th align="center">n </th> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_nasal" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar nasal">n</a>]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th align="center">nꞌ </th> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Creaky_voice" title="Creaky voice">n̰</a>]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th align="center">ñ </th> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_nasal" title="Voiced palatal nasal">ɲ</a>]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th align="center">ñꞌ </th> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Creaky_voice" title="Creaky voice">ɲ̰</a>]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th align="center">o </th> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Close-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close-mid back rounded vowel">o</a>]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th align="center">ø </th> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Open-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Open-mid back rounded vowel">ɔ</a>]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th align="center">o̱ </th> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Nasal_vowel" title="Nasal vowel">õ</a>]</span>/<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Nasal_vowel" title="Nasal vowel">ɔ̃</a>]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th align="center">p </th> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiceless bilabial plosive">p</a>]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th align="center">pj </th> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Aspirated_consonant" title="Aspirated consonant">pʰ</a>]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th align="center">r </th> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_trill" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar trill">r</a>]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th align="center">s </th> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless alveolar fricative">s</a>]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th align="center">sꞌ </th> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Alveolar_ejective_fricative" title="Alveolar ejective fricative">sʼ</a>]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th align="center">sj </th> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Aspirated_consonant" title="Aspirated consonant">sʰ</a>]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th align="center">t </th> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless alveolar plosive">t</a>]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th align="center">tꞌ </th> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Alveolar_ejective_stop" class="mw-redirect" title="Alveolar ejective stop">tʼ</a>]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th align="center">tj </th> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Aspirated_consonant" title="Aspirated consonant">tʰ</a>]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th align="center">ts </th> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_affricate" title="Voiceless alveolar affricate">ts</a>]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th align="center">tsꞌ </th> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Alveolar_ejective_affricate" title="Alveolar ejective affricate">tsʼ</a>]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th align="center">tsj </th> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Aspirated_consonant" title="Aspirated consonant">tsʰ</a>]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th align="center">u </th> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Close_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close back rounded vowel">u</a>]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th align="center">ꞹ </th> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Close_central_unrounded_vowel" title="Close central unrounded vowel">ɨ</a>]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th align="center">u̱ </th> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Nasal_vowel" title="Nasal vowel">ũ</a>]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th align="center">x </th> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless postalveolar fricative">ʃ</a>]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th align="center">z </th> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiced alveolar fricative">z</a>]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th align="center">zh </th> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_fricative" title="Voiced postalveolar fricative">ʒ</a>]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th align="center">ꞌ </th> <td align="center"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Glottal_stop" title="Glottal stop">ʔ</a>]</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sample_text">Sample text</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mazahua_language&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Sample text"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following the first Article of the <a href="/wiki/Universal_Declaration_of_Human_Rights" title="Universal Declaration of Human Rights">Universal Declaration of Human Rights</a> (UDHR) into Mazahua: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1157697682">.mw-parser-output .verse_translation .translated{padding-left:2em!important}@media only screen and (max-width:43.75em){.mw-parser-output .verse_translation.wrap_when_small td{display:block;padding-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .verse_translation.wrap_when_small .translated{padding-left:0.5em!important}}</style> <table role="presentation" class="verse_translation" style="margin-left:1em !important"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td><div style="font-style:italic;text-align:left" lang="maz" class="poem"> <p>Texe yo nte̱ꞌe̱ chjetrjoji, angezeji ximi xoꞌoji ñeje kꞌinchiji, nesta ra ngara na joꞌo kꞌo dyaja e nte̱ꞌe̱. </p> </div> </td> <td class="translated"><div style="font-style:roman;text-align:left" lang="" class="poem"> <p>All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood. </p> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mazahua_language&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-INALI-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-INALI_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/INALI" class="mw-redirect" title="INALI">INALI</a> (2012) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://site.inali.gob.mx/pdf/libro_lenguas_indigenas_nacionales_en_riesgo_de_desaparicion.pdf"><i>México: Lenguas indígenas nacionales</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070208095913/http://www.sep.gob.mx/work/resources/LocalContent/62817/12/ley_gen_derechos_ling_indigenas_2.htm">"Ley General de Derechos Lingüísticos de los Pueblos Indígenas"</a> [General Law of the Linguistic Rights of Indigenous peoples] (in Spanish). 13 March 2003. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sep.gob.mx/work/resources/LocalContent/62817/12/ley_gen_derechos_ling_indigenas_2.htm">the original</a> on 8 February 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ley+General+de+Derechos+Ling%C3%BC%C3%ADsticos+de+los+Pueblos+Ind%C3%ADgenas&rft.date=2003-03-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sep.gob.mx%2Fwork%2Fresources%2FLocalContent%2F62817%2F12%2Fley_gen_derechos_ling_indigenas_2.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMazahua+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ian Maddieson (with a chapter contributed by Sandra Ferrari Disner); <i>Patterns of sounds</i>; Cambridge University Press, 1984. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-26536-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-26536-3">0-521-26536-3</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unicode.org/L2/L2016/16032-latin-mazahua.pdf">"Proposal to encode two Latin characters for Mazahua"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Unicode</i>. 22 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Unicode&rft.atitle=Proposal+to+encode+two+Latin+characters+for+Mazahua&rft.date=2016-01-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Funicode.org%2FL2%2FL2016%2F16032-latin-mazahua.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMazahua+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFerguson2005" class="citation book cs1">Ferguson, Carol (19 February 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sh2CBPPIH_cC&q=mazahua+alphabet&pg=PT40"><i>God's Mimic: The Biography of Hazel Page</i></a>. Trafford Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781412044288" title="Special:BookSources/9781412044288"><bdi>9781412044288</bdi></a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=God%27s+Mimic%3A+The+Biography+of+Hazel+Page&rft.pub=Trafford+Publishing&rft.date=2005-02-19&rft.isbn=9781412044288&rft.aulast=Ferguson&rft.aufirst=Carol&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dsh2CBPPIH_cC%26q%3Dmazahua%2Balphabet%26pg%3DPT40&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMazahua+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.omniglot.com/writing/mazahua.htm">"Mazahua language, alphabet and pronunciation"</a>. <i>www.omniglot.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.omniglot.com&rft.atitle=Mazahua+language%2C+alphabet+and+pronunciation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fwriting%2Fmazahua.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMazahua+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mazahua_language&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Knapp Ring, Michael Herbert, <i>Fonología del mazahua</i>, Tesis de licenciatura, ENAH, México, 1996</li> <li>Michael Knapp, 2002 “Elementos de dialectología Mazahua" In <i>Del Cora Al Maya Yucateco: Estudios Linguisticos Sobre Algunas Lenguas Indigenas Mexicanas</i> Paulette Levy (Ed.), Universidad Nacional Autonoma De Mexico</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": 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id="Languages_of_Mexico" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Mexico" title="Languages of Mexico">Languages of Mexico</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Official/<br />Indigenous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">100,000+<br />speakers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_Spanish" title="Mexican Spanish">Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahuatl" title="Nahuatl">Nahuatl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yucatec_Maya_language" title="Yucatec Maya language">Yucatec Maya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tzeltal_language" title="Tzeltal language">Tzeltal Maya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tzotzil_language" title="Tzotzil language">Tzotzil Maya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixtecan_languages" title="Mixtecan languages">Mixtec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zapotec_languages" title="Zapotec languages">Zapotec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otomi_language" title="Otomi language">Otomí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Totonacan_languages" title="Totonacan languages">Totonac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazatecan_languages" title="Mazatecan languages">Mazatec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%CA%BCol_language" title="Chʼol language">Chʼol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huastec_language" title="Huastec language">Huastec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinantecan_languages" title="Chinantecan languages">Chinantec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixe_languages" title="Mixe languages">Mixe</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mazahua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tlapanec_language" title="Tlapanec language">Tlapanec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pur%C3%A9pecha_language" title="Purépecha language">Purépecha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">10,000-100,000<br />speakers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tarahumara_language" title="Tarahumara language">Tarahumara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tojolab%CA%BCal_language" title="Tojolabʼal language">Tojol-abʼal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chontal_Maya_language" title="Chontal Maya language">Chontal de Tabasco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amuzgo_language" title="Amuzgo language">Amuzgo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huichol_language" title="Huichol language">Huichol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chatino_language" title="Chatino language">Chatino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Popoluca" title="Sierra Popoluca">Sierra Popoluca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayo_language" title="Mayo language">Mayo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tepehu%C3%A1n_language" title="Tepehuán language">Tepehuán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trique_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Trique language">Triqui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cora_language" title="Cora language">Cora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popolocan_languages" title="Popolocan languages">Popolocan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huave_language" title="Huave language">Huave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuicatec_language" title="Cuicatec language">Cuicatec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mam_language" title="Mam language">Mam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaqui_language" title="Yaqui language">Yaqui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pame_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Pame language">Pame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Q%CA%BCanjob%CA%BCal_language" title="Qʼanjobʼal language">Qʼanjobʼal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tepehua_languages" title="Tepehua languages">Tepehua</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Under 10,000<br />speakers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tequistlatecan_languages" title="Tequistlatecan languages">Chontal of Oaxaca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuj_language" title="Chuj language">Chuj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akatek_language" title="Akatek language">Akatek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiricahua_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Chiricahua language">Chiricahua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zacatepec_Mixtec" title="Zacatepec Mixtec">Tacuate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chichimeca_Jonaz_language" title="Chichimeca Jonaz language">Chichimeca Jonaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huarijio_language" title="Huarijio language">Huarijío</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chocho_language" title="Chocho language">Chocholtec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pima_Bajo_language" title="Pima Bajo language">Pima Bajo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Q%CA%BCeqchi%CA%BC_language" title="Qʼeqchiʼ language">Qʼeqchí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lacandon_language" title="Lacandon language">Lacandón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Apache_language" title="Western Apache language">Western Apache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakaltek_language" title="Jakaltek language">Jakaltek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matlatzinca_language" title="Matlatzinca language">Matlatzinca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seri_language" title="Seri language">Seri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mescalero-Chiricahua_language" title="Mescalero-Chiricahua language">Mezcalero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ixcatec_language" title="Ixcatec language">Ixcatec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%CA%BCiche%CA%BC_language" title="Kʼicheʼ language">Kʼicheʼ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lipan_language" title="Lipan language">Lipan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaqchikel_language" title="Kaqchikel language">Kaqchikel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texistepec_language" title="Texistepec language">Texistepec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paipai_language" title="Paipai language">Paipai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox_language" title="Fox language">Kikapú</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kickapoo_whistled_speech" title="Kickapoo whistled speech">whistled speech</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tektitek_language" title="Tektitek language">Teko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocopah_language" title="Cocopah language">Cucapá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mocho%CA%BC_language" title="Mochoʼ language">Qatoʼk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumeyaay_language" title="Kumeyaay language">Kumiai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O%CA%BCodham_language" title="Oʼodham language">Pápago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ixil_language" title="Ixil language">Ixil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oluta_Popoluca" title="Oluta Popoluca">Olutec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cochim%C3%AD_language" title="Cochimí language">Cochimí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiliwa_language" title="Kiliwa language">Kiliwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayapa_Zoque" title="Ayapa Zoque">Ayapanec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awakatek_language" title="Awakatek language">Awakatek</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-official</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plautdietsch_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Plautdietsch language">Plautdietsch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chipilo_Venetian_dialect" title="Chipilo Venetian dialect">Venetian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basque_language" title="Basque language">Basque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_language" title="Catalan language">Catalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_language" title="Romani language">Romani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sign</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_Sign_Language" title="Mexican Sign Language">Mexican Sign Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albarradas_Sign_Language" title="Albarradas Sign Language">Albarradas Sign Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayan_Sign_Language" title="Mayan Sign Language">Mayan Sign Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plains_Indian_Sign_Language" title="Plains Indian Sign Language">Plains Indian Sign Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chatino_Sign_Language" title="Chatino Sign Language">Chatino Sign Language</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b>Note: The list of official languages is ordered by decreasing size of population.</b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Oto-Pamean_languages" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Oto-Pamean_languages" title="Template:Oto-Pamean languages"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Oto-Pamean_languages" title="Template talk:Oto-Pamean languages"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Oto-Pamean_languages" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Oto-Pamean languages"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Oto-Pamean_languages" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Oto-Pamean_languages" title="Oto-Pamean languages">Oto-Pamean languages</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Otomian_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Otomian languages">Otomian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mazahua</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Central Mazahua</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Michoacán Mazahua</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Otomi_language" title="Otomi language">Otomi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Classical_Otomi" title="Classical Otomi">Classical Otomi</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mezquital_Otomi" class="mw-redirect" title="Mezquital Otomi">Mezquital Otomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tilapa_Otomi" title="Tilapa Otomi">Tilapa Otomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acazulco_Otomi" title="Acazulco Otomi">Acazulco Otomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highland_Otomi" class="mw-redirect" title="Highland Otomi">Highland Otomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenango_Otomi" class="mw-redirect" title="Tenango Otomi">Tenango Otomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quer%C3%A9taro_Otomi" class="mw-redirect" title="Querétaro Otomi">Querétaro Otomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estado_de_M%C3%A9xico_Otomi" class="mw-redirect" title="Estado de México Otomi">Estado de México Otomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temoaya_Otomi" title="Temoaya Otomi">Temoaya Otomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texcatepec_Otomi" class="mw-redirect" title="Texcatepec Otomi">Texcatepec Otomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ixtenco_Otomi" title="Ixtenco Otomi">Ixtenco Otomi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Matlatzincan_languages" title="Matlatzincan languages">Matlatzincan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tlahuica_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Tlahuica language">Tlahuica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matlatzinca_language" title="Matlatzinca language">Matlatzinca</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pamean_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Pamean languages">Pamean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pame_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Pame language">Central Pame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pame_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Pame language">Northern Pame</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pame_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Pame language">Southern Pame</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chichimeca_Jonaz_language" title="Chichimeca Jonaz language">Chichimeca Jonaz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i>Italics</i> indicate <a href="/wiki/Language_death" title="Language death">extinct languages</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Oto-Manguean_languages" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Oto-Manguean_languages" title="Template:Oto-Manguean languages"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Oto-Manguean_languages" title="Template talk:Oto-Manguean languages"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Oto-Manguean_languages" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Oto-Manguean languages"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Oto-Manguean_languages" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Oto-Manguean_languages" title="Oto-Manguean languages">Oto-Manguean languages</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Western</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oto-Pamean_languages" title="Oto-Pamean languages">Oto-Pamean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Otomian" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Otomian_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Otomian languages">Otomian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mazahua</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Central Mazahua</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Michoacán Mazahua</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Otomi_language" title="Otomi language">Otomi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Classical_Otomi" title="Classical Otomi">Classical Otomi</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mezquital_Otomi" class="mw-redirect" title="Mezquital Otomi">Mezquital Otomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tilapa_Otomi" title="Tilapa Otomi">Tilapa Otomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acazulco_Otomi" title="Acazulco Otomi">Acazulco Otomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highland_Otomi" class="mw-redirect" title="Highland Otomi">Highland Otomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenango_Otomi" class="mw-redirect" title="Tenango Otomi">Tenango Otomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quer%C3%A9taro_Otomi" class="mw-redirect" title="Querétaro Otomi">Querétaro Otomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estado_de_M%C3%A9xico_Otomi" class="mw-redirect" title="Estado de México Otomi">Estado de México Otomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temoaya_Otomi" title="Temoaya Otomi">Temoaya Otomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texcatepec_Otomi" class="mw-redirect" title="Texcatepec Otomi">Texcatepec Otomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ixtenco_Otomi" title="Ixtenco Otomi">Ixtenco Otomi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Matlatzincan_languages" title="Matlatzincan languages">Matlatzincan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tlahuica_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Tlahuica language">Tlahuica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matlatzinca_language" title="Matlatzinca language">Matlatzinca</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pamean_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Pamean languages">Pamean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pame_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Pame language">Central Pame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pame_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Pame language">Northern Pame</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pame_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Pame language">Southern Pame</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chichimeca_Jonaz_language" title="Chichimeca Jonaz language">Chichimeca Jonaz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chinantecan_languages" title="Chinantecan languages">Chinantecan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinantec" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinantec">Chinantec</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chiltepec-Tlacoatzintepec_Chinantec" title="Chiltepec-Tlacoatzintepec Chinantec">Chiltepec-Tlacoatzintepec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highland_Chinantec_language" title="Highland Chinantec language">Highland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lalana-Tepinapa_Chinantec" title="Lalana-Tepinapa Chinantec">Lalana-Tepinapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lealao_Chinantec" title="Lealao Chinantec">Lealao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinantec_of_Ojitl%C3%A1n" title="Chinantec of Ojitlán">Ojitlán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinantec_of_Ozumac%C3%ADn" title="Chinantec of Ozumacín">Ozumacín</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palantla_Chinantec" title="Palantla Chinantec">Palantla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sochiapam_Chinantec" title="Sochiapam Chinantec">Sochiapam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinantec_of_Tepetotutla" title="Chinantec of Tepetotutla">Tepetotutla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usila_Chinantec" title="Usila Chinantec">Usila</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tlapanecan_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Tlapanecan languages">Tlapanecan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Subtiaba_language" title="Subtiaba language">Subtiaba</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tlapanec_language" title="Tlapanec language">Tlapanec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Manguean_languages" title="Manguean languages">Manguean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Chiapanec_language" title="Chiapanec language">Chiapanec</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mangue_language" title="Mangue language">Chorotega/Mangue</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eastern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Popolocan_languages" title="Popolocan languages">Popolocan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chocho_language" title="Chocho language">Chocho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ixcatec_language" title="Ixcatec language">Ixcatec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazatecan_languages" title="Mazatecan languages">Mazatec</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mazatecan_languages#Languages" title="Mazatecan languages">varieties</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popolocan_languages" title="Popolocan languages">Popolocan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Zapotecan_languages" title="Zapotecan languages">Zapotecan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chatino</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chatino_language" title="Chatino language">Chatino</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Zapotec_languages" title="Zapotec languages">Zapotec</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Northern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sierra Juárez</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ixtl%C3%A1n_Zapotec" title="Ixtlán Zapotec">Ixtlán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alo%C3%A1pam_Zapotec" title="Aloápam Zapotec">Aloápam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaves%C3%ADa_Zapotec" title="Yavesía Zapotec">Yavesía</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abejones_Zapotec" title="Abejones Zapotec">Abejones</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rincón</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rinc%C3%B3n_Zapotec" title="Rincón Zapotec">Rincón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yatee_Zapotec" title="Yatee Zapotec">Yatee</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cajonos</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cajonos_Zapotec" title="Cajonos Zapotec">Cajonos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoogocho_Zapotec" title="Zoogocho Zapotec">Zoogocho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yatzachi_Zapotec" title="Yatzachi Zapotec">Yatzachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yal%C3%A1lag_Zapotec" title="Yalálag Zapotec">Yalálag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taba%C3%A1_Zapotec" title="Tabaá Zapotec">Tabaá</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cho%C3%A1pam_Zapotec" title="Choápam Zapotec">Choápam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cis-Yautepec</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mixtepec_Zapotec" title="Mixtepec Zapotec">Mixtepec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quiegolani_Zapotec" title="Quiegolani Zapotec">Quiegolani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lapagu%C3%ADa_Zapotec" title="Lapaguía Zapotec">Lapaguía</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xanagu%C3%ADa_Zapotec" title="Xanaguía Zapotec">Xanaguía</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X%C3%A1nica_Zapotec" title="Xánica Zapotec">Xánica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tlacolulita_Zapotec" title="Tlacolulita Zapotec">Tlacolulita</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Coatec</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coatecas_Altas_Zapotec" title="Coatecas Altas Zapotec">Coatecas Altas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miahuatl%C3%A1n_Zapotec" title="Miahuatlán Zapotec">Miahuatlán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ozolotepec_Zapotec" title="Ozolotepec Zapotec">Ozolotepec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Central</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Trans-Yautepec</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guevea_Zapotec" title="Guevea Zapotec">Guevea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petapa_Zapotec" title="Petapa Zapotec">Petapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lachiguiri_Zapotec" title="Lachiguiri Zapotec">Lachiguiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quiavicuzas_Zapotec" title="Quiavicuzas Zapotec">Quiavicuzas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Western Valley</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chichic%C3%A1pam_Zapotec" title="Chichicápam Zapotec">Chichicápam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCil%C3%A1_Zapotec" title="Güilá Zapotec">Güilá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Tlacolula_Valley_Zapotec" title="Western Tlacolula Valley Zapotec">Western Tlacolula Valley</a></li> <li>Extended Ocotepec <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isthmus_Zapotec" title="Isthmus Zapotec">Isthmus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocotl%C3%A1n_Zapotec" title="Ocotlán Zapotec">Ocotlán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaachila_Zapotec" title="Zaachila Zapotec">Zaachila</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albarradas_Zapotec" title="Albarradas Zapotec">Albarradas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitla_Zapotec" title="Mitla Zapotec">Mitla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antequera_Zapotec" title="Antequera Zapotec">Antequera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayoquezco_Zapotec" title="Ayoquezco Zapotec">Ayoquezco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quiatoni_Zapotec" title="Quiatoni Zapotec">Quiatoni</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/El_Alto_Zapotec" title="El Alto Zapotec">El Alto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lachix%C3%ADo_Zapotec" title="Lachixío Zapotec">Lachixío</a></li> <li>Papabuco <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elotepec_Zapotec" title="Elotepec Zapotec">Elotepec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texmelucan_Zapotec" title="Texmelucan Zapotec">Texmelucan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaniza_Zapotec" title="Zaniza Zapotec">Zaniza</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solteco_Zapotec" title="Solteco Zapotec">Solteco</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Amuzgoan_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Amuzgoan languages">Amuzgoan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amuzgo_language" title="Amuzgo language">Amuzgo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mixtecan_languages" title="Mixtecan languages">Mixtecan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuicatec_language" title="Cuicatec language">Cuicatec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixtec_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Mixtec language">Mixtec</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amoltepec_Mixtec" title="Amoltepec Mixtec">Amoltepec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apoala_Mixtec" title="Apoala Mixtec">Apoala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atatl%C3%A1huca%E2%80%93San_Miguel_Mixtec" title="Atatláhuca–San Miguel Mixtec">Atatláhuca–San Miguel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayutla_Mixtec" title="Ayutla Mixtec">Ayutla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cacaloxtepec_Mixtec" title="Cacaloxtepec Mixtec">Cacaloxtepec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chayuco-Jamiltepec_Mixtec" title="Chayuco-Jamiltepec Mixtec">Chayuco-Jamiltepec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chazumba_Mixtec" title="Chazumba Mixtec">Chazumba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chigmecatitl%C3%A1n_Mixtec" title="Chigmecatitlán Mixtec">Chigmecatitlán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coatzospan_Mixtec" title="Coatzospan Mixtec">Coatzospan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuyamecalco_Mixtec" title="Cuyamecalco Mixtec">Cuyamecalco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estetla_Mixtec" title="Estetla Mixtec">Estetla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ixtayutla_Mixtec" title="Ixtayutla Mixtec">Ixtayutla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitlatongo-Yutanduchi_Mixtec" title="Mitlatongo-Yutanduchi Mixtec">Mitlatongo-Yutanduchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixtepec_Mixtec" title="Mixtepec Mixtec">Mixtepec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%91um%C3%AD_Mixtec" title="Ñumí Mixtec">Ñumí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuxa%C3%A1_Mixtec" title="Nuxaá Mixtec">Nuxaá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuyoo_Mixtec" title="Nuyoo Mixtec">Nuyoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pe%C3%B1asco_Mixtec" title="Peñasco Mixtec">Peñasco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinotepa_Mixtec" title="Pinotepa Mixtec">Pinotepa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Miguel_Piedras_Mixtec" title="San Miguel Piedras Mixtec">San Miguel Piedras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silacayoapan_Mixtec" title="Silacayoapan Mixtec">Silacayoapan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindihui_Mixtec" title="Sindihui Mixtec">Sindihui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Puebla_Mixtec" title="Southern Puebla Mixtec">Southern Puebla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyaltepec_Mixtec" title="Soyaltepec Mixtec">Soyaltepec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tida%C3%A1_Mixtec" title="Tidaá Mixtec">Tidaá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tilantongo_Mixtec" title="Tilantongo Mixtec">Tilantongo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tututepec_Mixtec" title="Tututepec Mixtec">Tututepec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yolox%C3%B3chitl_Mixtec" title="Yoloxóchitl Mixtec">Yoloxóchitl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zacatepec_Mixtec" title="Zacatepec Mixtec">Zacatepec</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trique_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Trique language">Trique</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Oto-Manguean_languages" title="List of Oto-Manguean languages">List of Oto-Manguean languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classification_of_Mixtec_languages" title="Classification of Mixtec languages">Classification of Mixtec languages</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i>Italics</i> indicate <a href="/wiki/Language_death" title="Language death">extinct languages</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output 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