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<li id="toc-Albania" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Albania"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Albania</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Albania-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kosovo_and_Vardar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kosovo_and_Vardar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Kosovo and Vardar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kosovo_and_Vardar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Montenegro_and_Sandžak_region" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Montenegro_and_Sandžak_region"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Montenegro and Sandžak region</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Montenegro_and_Sandžak_region-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Greece" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Greece"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Greece</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Greece-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Atrocities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Atrocities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Atrocities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Atrocities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Revival" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Revival"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Revival</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Revival-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ideology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ideology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Ideology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ideology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aftermath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aftermath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Aftermath</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div 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class="mw-page-title-main">Balli Kombëtar</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 26 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-26" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">26 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%8A%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Бали Комбътар – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Бали Комбътар" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balli_Komb%C3%ABtar" title="Balli Kombëtar – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Balli Kombëtar" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balli_Komb%C3%ABtar" title="Balli Kombëtar – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Balli Kombëtar" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balli_Komb%C3%ABtar" title="Balli Kombëtar – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Balli Kombëtar" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CF%80%CE%AC%CE%BB%CE%B9_%CE%9A%CE%BF%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%AC%CF%81" title="Μπάλι Κομπετάρ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μπάλι Κομπετάρ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balli_Komb%C3%ABtar" title="Balli Kombëtar – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Balli Kombëtar" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balli_Komb%C3%ABtar" title="Balli Kombëtar – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Balli Kombëtar" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balli_Komb%C3%ABtar" title="Balli Kombëtar – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Balli Kombëtar" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%9C%EB%A6%AC_%EC%BD%A4%ED%8E%98%ED%83%80%EB%A5%B4" title="발리 콤페타르 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="발리 콤페타르" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balli_Komb%C3%ABtar" title="Balli Kombëtar – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Balli Kombëtar" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balli_Komb%C3%ABtar" title="Balli Kombëtar – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Balli Kombëtar" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nacionalinis_frontas_(Albanija)" title="Nacionalinis frontas (Albanija) – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Nacionalinis frontas (Albanija)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nemzeti_Front_(Alb%C3%A1nia)" title="Nemzeti Front (Albánia) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Nemzeti Front (Albánia)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Балисти – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Балисти" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balli_Komb%C3%ABtar" title="Balli Kombëtar – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Balli Kombëtar" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasjonal_front_(Albania)" title="Nasjonal front (Albania) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Nasjonal front (Albania)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balli_Komb%C3%ABtar" title="Balli Kombëtar – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Balli Kombëtar" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balli_Komb%C3%ABtar" title="Balli Kombëtar – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Balli Kombëtar" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Бали Комбетар – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бали Комбетар" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balli_Komb%C3%ABtar" title="Balli Kombëtar – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Balli Kombëtar" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balli_Komb%C3%ABtar" title="Balli Kombëtar – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Balli Kombëtar" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Бали Комбетар – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Бали Комбетар" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balli_Komb%C3%ABtar" title="Balli Kombëtar – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Balli Kombëtar" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balli_Komb%C3%ABtar" title="Balli Kombëtar – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Balli Kombëtar" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Бали Комбетар – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Бали Комбетар" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%91%E9%98%B5%E7%BA%BF_(%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A)" title="国民阵线 (阿尔巴尼亚) – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="国民阵线 (阿尔巴尼亚)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q689339#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Balli_Komb%C3%ABtar" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Balli_Komb%C3%ABtar" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">World War II Albanian paramilitary organization</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Albanian_National_Front_Party" title="Albanian National Front Party">Albanian National Front Party</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" style="background-color: #DEDFDE;"><i>Balli Kombëtar</i></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Leader</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Mid%27hat_Frash%C3%ABri" title="Mid'hat Frashëri">Mid'hat Frashëri</a> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Dates of operation</span></th><td class="infobox-data">1942–1945</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Dissolved</th><td class="infobox-data">1945</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Active regions</th><td class="infobox-data label">Albania</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_ideologies" title="List of political ideologies">Ideology</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Albanian_nationalism" title="Albanian nationalism">Albanian nationalism</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Fascism" title="Fascism">Fascism</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFischer1999274_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFischer1999274-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Isakovic_114_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Isakovic_114-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/Anti-communism" title="Anti-communism">Anti-communism</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Anti-Greek_sentiment" title="Anti-Greek sentiment">Anti-Greek sentiment</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/Anti-Serb_sentiment" title="Anti-Serb sentiment">Anti-Serb sentiment</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/Republicanism" title="Republicanism">Republicanism</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Conservatism" title="Conservatism">Conservatism</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/Agrarian_socialism" title="Agrarian socialism">Agrarian socialism</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/Big_tent" title="Big tent">Big tent</a><sup id="cite_ref-sot.com.al_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sot.com.al-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Size</th><td class="infobox-data">35,000–50,000<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Part of</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Italian_protectorate_of_Albania_(1939%E2%80%931943)" title="Italian protectorate of Albania (1939–1943)">Italian protectorate of Albania (1939–1943)</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Allies</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Flag_of_Albanian_National_Liberation_Movement.svg/23px-Flag_of_Albanian_National_Liberation_Movement.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Flag_of_Albanian_National_Liberation_Movement.svg/35px-Flag_of_Albanian_National_Liberation_Movement.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Flag_of_Albanian_National_Liberation_Movement.svg/45px-Flag_of_Albanian_National_Liberation_Movement.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/National_Liberation_Movement_(Albania)" title="National Liberation Movement (Albania)">Albanian Partisans</a> (1942–1943)</span><br /><span data-sort-value="Italy"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Fascist_Italy" title="Fascist Italy">Italy</a></span> <small>(varied)</small><br /> <span data-sort-value="Germany"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Germany</a></span> (1944)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Opponents</th><td class="infobox-data"><span data-sort-value="Italy"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Fascist_Italy" title="Fascist Italy">Italy</a></span> <small>(varied)</small><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Flag_of_Albanian_National_Liberation_Movement.svg/23px-Flag_of_Albanian_National_Liberation_Movement.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Flag_of_Albanian_National_Liberation_Movement.svg/35px-Flag_of_Albanian_National_Liberation_Movement.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Flag_of_Albanian_National_Liberation_Movement.svg/45px-Flag_of_Albanian_National_Liberation_Movement.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/National_Liberation_Movement_(Albania)" title="National Liberation Movement (Albania)">Albanian Partisans</a> (1943–1945)<br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Partisans" title="Yugoslav Partisans"><img alt="Yugoslav Partisans" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281943%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Partisans" title="Yugoslav Partisans">Yugoslav Partisans</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece"><img alt="Greece" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece_%281822-1978%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/National_Republican_Greek_League" class="mw-redirect" title="National Republican Greek League">EDES</a>/<a href="/wiki/National_Liberation_Front_(Greece)" title="National Liberation Front (Greece)">EAM</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Chetniks" title="Chetniks"><img alt="Chetniks" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_the_Chetniks.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Chetniks.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_the_Chetniks.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Chetniks.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_the_Chetniks.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Chetniks.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1159" data-file-height="745" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Chetniks" title="Chetniks">Chetniks</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Battles and wars</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1116488514">.mw-parser-output .treeview ul{padding:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .treeview li{padding:0;margin:0;list-style-type:none;list-style-image:none}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li{background:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Treeview-grey-line.png")no-repeat 0 -2981px;padding-left:21px;text-indent:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li:last-child{background-position:0 -5971px}.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>.mw-empty-elt:first-child+.emptyline,.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>li:first-child{background-position:0 9px}</style><div class="treeview"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_in_Yugoslavia" title="World War II in Yugoslavia">World War II in Yugoslavia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Novi_Pazar" title="Battle of Novi Pazar">Battle of Novi Pazar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo_Operation_(1944)" title="Kosovo Operation (1944)">Kosovo Operation (1944)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karadak-Gollak_Uprising_(1941-1951)" class="mw-redirect" title="Karadak-Gollak Uprising (1941-1951)">Karadak-Gollak Uprising (1941-1951)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Pre%C5%A1evo" title="First Battle of Preševo">First Battle of Preševo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Desivojca" title="Battle of Desivojca">Battle of Desivojca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Kika_and_Velegllava" title="Battles of Kika and Velegllava">Battles of Kika and Velegllava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Pre%C5%A1evo" title="Second Battle of Preševo">Second Battle of Preševo</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_in_Yugoslav_Macedonia" title="World War II in Yugoslav Macedonia">World War II in Yugoslav Macedonia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stracin%E2%80%93Kumanovo_operation" title="Stracin–Kumanovo operation">Stracin–Kumanovo operation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_in_Albania" title="World War II in Albania">World War II in Albania</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gjorm" title="Battle of Gjorm">Battle of Gjorm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Drashovica" title="Battle of Drashovica">Battle of Drashovica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurt%C3%ABs_ambush" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurtës ambush">Kurtës ambush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tirana_and_Kruja_(1943)" title="Battle of Tirana and Kruja (1943)">Battle of Tirana and Kruja (1943)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberation_of_Tepelena" title="Liberation of Tepelena">Liberation of Tepelena</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_in_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="World War II in Greece">World War II in Greece</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Menina" title="Battle of Menina">Battle of Menina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Spring_Offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Spring Offensive">Italian Spring Offensive</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top:1px #aaa solid"><div style="width:100%"><div style="float: right; text-align:right;padding-left:0.5em;" class="noprint"><b>Succeeded by</b><br /><a href="/wiki/%22Free_Albania%22_National_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title=""Free Albania" National Committee">"Free Albania" National Committee</a></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Balli Kombëtar</b> (literally <i>National Front</i>) was an <a href="/wiki/Albanian_nationalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Albanian nationalist">Albanian nationalist</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFischer1999274_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFischer1999274-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Isakovic_114_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Isakovic_114-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Collaboration_with_Nazi_Germany_and_Fascist_Italy" title="Collaboration with Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy">collaborationist</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Anti-communist" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-communist">anti-communist</a> resistance movement during the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was led by <a href="/wiki/Ali_K%C3%ABlcyra" title="Ali Këlcyra">Ali Këlcyra</a> and by <a href="/wiki/Mid%27hat_Frash%C3%ABri" title="Mid'hat Frashëri">Midhat Frashëri</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Jelavich_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jelavich-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The movement was formed by members from the landowning elite, liberal nationalists opposed to <a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">communism</a>, and other sectors of society in Albania.<sup id="cite_ref-Fischer115116260_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fischer115116260-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ramet141142_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ramet141142-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Rossos185186_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rossos185186-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Motto" title="Motto">motto</a> of the Balli Kombëtar was: <i><span title="Albanian-language text"><i lang="sq">Shqipëria Shqiptarëve, Vdekje Tradhëtarëve</i></span></i> (Albania to the Albanians, Death to the Traitors).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPearson2006272_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPearson2006272-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eventually, the Balli Kombëtar joined the <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a>-established <a href="/wiki/Puppet_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Puppet government">puppet government</a> as part of the <a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_Albania" title="German occupation of Albania">German occupation of Albania</a> and fought as an ally against communist guerrilla groups.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Balli Kombëtar engaged in significant acts of terror culminating in atrocities committed against Serb and Greek civilians.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKingMason200632_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKingMason200632-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJankowski2014_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJankowski2014-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (December 2022)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJohnstone2002188_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJohnstone2002188-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (December 2022)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMangerich20106_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMangerich20106-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balli_Komb%C3%ABtar&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_Albania_during_WWII.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Map_of_Albania_during_WWII.png/150px-Map_of_Albania_during_WWII.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Map_of_Albania_during_WWII.png/225px-Map_of_Albania_during_WWII.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Map_of_Albania_during_WWII.png/300px-Map_of_Albania_during_WWII.png 2x" data-file-width="647" data-file-height="839" /></a><figcaption>The Italian Protectorate of Albania established by Italy in August 1941</figcaption></figure> <p>Although Këlcyra and Frashëri had initiated opposition actions against the Italian authorities almost from the beginning of <a href="/wiki/Italian_protectorate_of_Albania_(1939%E2%80%931943)" title="Italian protectorate of Albania (1939–1943)">the fascist occupation in 1939</a>, they had practically not developed any military organization for open struggle against the invader. Albanian nationalists from the end of 1942 began an irregular fight against the Italian garrisons.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Balli Kombëtar was officially founded in November 1942 by joining the efforts of a series of nationalists. It tried to find an agreement with the Albanian partisans of communist affiliation, led by <a href="/wiki/Enver_Hoxha" title="Enver Hoxha">Enver Hoxha</a> and grouped in the "Movement of National Liberation" (<a href="/wiki/LAN%C3%87" class="mw-redirect" title="LANÇ">LANÇ</a>, for its acronym in Albanian), trying to attract them to the nationalist cause. However, the Balli Kombëtar condemned any cooperation of the LNC with the Yugoslav partisans, whom it considered natural enemies of Albania, which would soon be a deal breaker. </p><p>With <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Kingdom of Italy">Italy</a> on the brink of defeat in 1943, the Albanian <a href="/wiki/National_Liberation_Movement_(Albania)" title="National Liberation Movement (Albania)">National Liberation Movement</a> (LANÇ) and the Balli Kombëtar organized a meeting in the village of Mukje. The Balli Kombëtar entered into a fragile alliance with the communist-led LANÇ, and acted as a resistance group against the Italians.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFischer1999132–133_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFischer1999132–133-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the <a href="/wiki/Mukje_Agreement" class="mw-redirect" title="Mukje Agreement">Mukje Agreement</a>, the vague mutual tolerance that had existed between the Ballists and LANÇ quickly evaporated. The <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allies</a> too could not guarantee that <a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a> would be a part of Albania,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVickers1998132_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVickers1998132-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> because they stood for the restoration of occupied nations under their borders as they existed prior to <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. </p><p>Despite their lukewarm attitude towards the Allies, the Ballists feared that an Allied victory in the war might well result in LANÇ victory and communist control of Albania.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPearson2006_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPearson2006-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (March 2016)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Their lukewarm attitude towards the British was also fostered by their desire to preserve the occupied united Albanian state under the borders drawn by the Italians in 1941, for they bitterly opposed and dreaded the loss of Kosovo and Debar to Yugoslavia once again, and feared that the Allies in their support of the Greeks might prevent them from claiming <a href="/wiki/Chameria" title="Chameria">Chameria</a> and deprive them of their southern provinces of <a href="/wiki/Kor%C3%A7e" class="mw-redirect" title="Korçe">Korçe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gjirokaster" class="mw-redirect" title="Gjirokaster">Gjirokaster</a>, the heartland of their liberation movement.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPearson2006_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPearson2006-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (March 2016)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> They regarded the Yugoslavs and the <a href="/wiki/Greeks" title="Greeks">Greeks</a> as their real enemies.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPearson2006_27-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPearson2006-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (March 2016)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The Mukje Agreement immediately triggered a hostile reaction from the Yugoslav representative in Albania, <a href="/wiki/Svetozar_Vukmanovi%C4%87" title="Svetozar Vukmanović">Svetozar Vukmanoviċ</a>. He denounced the agreement and put pressure on the LANÇ to repute it immediately,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVickers1998_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVickers1998-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (March 2016)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> and Yugoslav Communist leader <a href="/wiki/Milovan_%C4%90ilas" class="mw-redirect" title="Milovan Đilas">Milovan Đilas</a> subsequently described the Balli Kombëtar as "Albanian Fascists".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFischer1999274_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFischer1999274-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Balli Kombëtar, which had fought against the Italians, were threatened by the superior forces of the LANÇ and the <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Partisans" title="Yugoslav Partisans">Yugoslav Partisans</a>, who were backed by the Allies.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoberts1987_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoberts1987-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (March 2016)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In the autumn of 1943, <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a> occupied all of Albania after Italy was defeated. Fearing reprisals from larger forces, the Balli Kombëtar made a deal with the Germans and formed a "neutral government" in <a href="/wiki/Tirana" title="Tirana">Tirana</a> which continued its war with the LANÇ and the Yugoslav Partisans.<sup id="cite_ref-Morrock2010_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morrock2010-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Abbott1983_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Abbott1983-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Winnifrith2002_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Winnifrith2002-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Albania">Albania</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balli_Komb%C3%ABtar&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Albania"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mithat-Frashri---1880---1949.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Mithat-Frashri---1880---1949.jpg/109px-Mithat-Frashri---1880---1949.jpg" decoding="async" width="109" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Mithat-Frashri---1880---1949.jpg/164px-Mithat-Frashri---1880---1949.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Mithat-Frashri---1880---1949.jpg/219px-Mithat-Frashri---1880---1949.jpg 2x" data-file-width="225" data-file-height="380" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Midhat_Frash%C3%ABri" class="mw-redirect" title="Midhat Frashëri">Midhat Frashëri</a> was the leader of the Balli Kombëtar.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Safet_Butka" title="Safet Butka">Safet Butka</a>, a hardline Albanian nationalist, tried at various times to cooperate with the Communist-dominated Liberation Front (LANÇ). By January 1943, in Southern Albania, some Partisan units fought alongside the Balli Kombëtar during the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gjorm" title="Battle of Gjorm">Battle of Gjorm</a> where they defeated and routed the Italian troops.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPearson2006230_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPearson2006230-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In February 1943, he organized a meeting with communist-led LANÇ representatives and an agreement for cooperation was reached in March 1943. He also made another local agreement in August 1943 and was one of the initiators and supporters of the Mukje agreement.<sup id="cite_ref-Dezhgiu_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dezhgiu-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The communist-led LANÇ had demanded that Kosovo be ceded to Albania after the war. The <a href="/wiki/National_Liberation_Movement_(Albania)" title="National Liberation Movement (Albania)">LANÇ</a> met with the Ballists in August 1943, agreeing upon the establishment of <a href="/wiki/Greater_Albania" title="Greater Albania">Greater Albania</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Filipović1989_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Filipović1989-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bataković2007_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bataković2007-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The agreement was however short-lived.<sup id="cite_ref-Bataković2007_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bataković2007-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The agreement was the denounced by Albanian communists. In the south of Albania, the rivalry between the Communists and the Balli Kombëtar heated up. The Communists almost immediately repudiated the Mukaj agreement, and fearing the British might open a second front in the Balkans and lend their support to the Ballists, they issued orders that the Balli Kombëtar be eliminated wherever it was found.<sup id="cite_ref-Frances_Trix_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Frances_Trix-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These factors contributed to members of the Balli Kombëtar forming a strong hatred for the Communists. </p><p>After forming the collaborator government, the Ballists pressed hard against the Communists.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPearson2006_27-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPearson2006-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (March 2016)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> They destroyed a fairly large Communist partisan group southwest of Tirana.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPearson2006_27-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPearson2006-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (March 2016)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> By the Fall of 1943 the Ballists, assisted by German forces, were also involved in vicious fighting against the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Epirus_Liberation_Front" title="Northern Epirus Liberation Front">Northern Epirus Liberation Front</a> in Southern Albania. This Greek Nationalist group was destroyed during these clashes and was eliminated as a fighting force.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With <a href="/wiki/Grand_Alliance_(World_War_II)" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Alliance (World War II)">the Grand Alliance</a> established, the Germans began losing the war. This also affected the situation in Albania as the Germans could not supply the Ballists.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> With the current situation favouring the Communists, the partisans began a full-scale attack on the Balli Kombëtar. British liaison officers in Albania noted that the Communists were using the arms they received to fight fellow Albanians far more than to harass the Germans.<sup id="cite_ref-Frances_Trix_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Frances_Trix-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (September 2022)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The west noted that the Communists could not have won without the supplies and armaments from the British, America and Yugoslavia,<sup id="cite_ref-Frances_Trix_37-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Frances_Trix-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and that the LANÇ were not afraid of murdering their own countrymen.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kosovo_and_Vardar">Kosovo and Vardar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balli_Komb%C3%ABtar&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Kosovo and Vardar"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BK_Prizren_1944.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/BK_Prizren_1944.jpg/150px-BK_Prizren_1944.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/BK_Prizren_1944.jpg/225px-BK_Prizren_1944.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/BK_Prizren_1944.jpg/300px-BK_Prizren_1944.jpg 2x" data-file-width="590" data-file-height="361" /></a><figcaption>Ballist forces enter <a href="/wiki/Prizren" title="Prizren">Prizren</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The Ballists in Kosovo and Vardar region rose to prominence following the capitulation of Italy in September 1943. They seized <a href="/wiki/Struga" title="Struga">Struga</a> and <a href="/wiki/Debar" title="Debar">Debar</a> from the Italians on 9 September 1943, taking much of the military equipment left behind.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPearson2006271,272_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPearson2006271,272-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/Albanian_Kingdom_(1943%E2%80%9344)" class="mw-redirect" title="Albanian Kingdom (1943–44)">Albanian Kingdom</a>, leading members of the Balli Kombetar from Kosovo became involved in forming the new government. On 6 November 1943, <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a> announced that the regents and the assembly had formed a government headed by Kosovar Albanian <a href="/wiki/Rexhep_Mitrovica" title="Rexhep Mitrovica">Rexhep Mitrovica</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFischer1999262_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFischer1999262-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who had joined the Balli Kombëtar resistance movement in 1942 and spent much of the Italian period in prison in Porto Romano near <a href="/wiki/Durr%C3%ABs" title="Durrës">Durrës</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mitrovica's cabinet, most of whom had credentials as nationalists as well as some German or Austrian connection, included <a href="/wiki/Xhafer_Deva" title="Xhafer Deva">Xhafer Deva</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPearson2006301–302_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPearson2006301–302-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Deva, a leading Ballist also from Kosovo, was appointed Minister of the Interior in the Government of <a href="/wiki/Rexhep_Mitrovica" title="Rexhep Mitrovica">Rexhep Mitrovica</a> and collaborated with the Germans to oppose the spread of Communist forces in the north,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEElsie2012109_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEElsie2012109-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> effectively giving him direct command over the forces of the new government.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPearson2006302_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPearson2006302-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The fighting in Kosovo took on an ethnic and ideological basis with the Albanian Balli Kombetar forces fighting the predominantly Serb <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Partisans" title="Yugoslav Partisans">Partisans</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Xhem_Hasa_Tetovo_1944.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Xhem_Hasa_Tetovo_1944.jpg/150px-Xhem_Hasa_Tetovo_1944.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Xhem_Hasa_Tetovo_1944.jpg/225px-Xhem_Hasa_Tetovo_1944.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Xhem_Hasa_Tetovo_1944.jpg/300px-Xhem_Hasa_Tetovo_1944.jpg 2x" data-file-width="546" data-file-height="334" /></a><figcaption>Convention of Ballists in <a href="/wiki/Tetovo" title="Tetovo">Tetovo</a> 1944 (centre left <a href="/wiki/Xhem_Hasa" title="Xhem Hasa">Xhem Hasa</a>)</figcaption></figure> <p>In Vardar Macedonia, when it was a part of the independent state of Albania, the German and Ballist forces had occasional skirmishes with Yugoslav partisans. <a href="/wiki/Kicevo" class="mw-redirect" title="Kicevo">Kicevo</a>, which remained in the hands of Macedonian and Albanian Partisan units following the capitulation of Italy,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPearson2006271,272_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPearson2006271,272-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was attacked by the Ballists of <a href="/wiki/Xhem_Hasa" title="Xhem Hasa">Xhem Hasa</a> in early November 1943. After 7 days of fierce fighting, the Partisans were defeated and forced to retreat from the city.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (May 2023)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <a href="/wiki/Fiqri_Dine" title="Fiqri Dine">Fiqri Dine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Xhem_Hasa" title="Xhem Hasa">Xhem Hasa</a> and Hysni Dema, as well as three German Majors, also directed military campaigns against the Albanian and Yugoslav partisans.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When Maqellarë, midway between Debar and Peshkopi, was recaptured by the Fifth Partisan Brigade, the Germans with the assistance of the Ballist forces of Xhem Hasa launched an attack from Debar, defeating the partisans.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The main centres of the Balli Kombëtar in these regions were <a href="/wiki/Kosovska_Mitrovica" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosovska Mitrovica">Kosovska Mitrovica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Drenica" title="Drenica">Drenica</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tetovo" title="Tetovo">Tetovo</a>. It was noted that the Balli Kombëtar in these regions were more aggressive than the Ballists of Albania.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamet2006141_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERamet2006141-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the tables now turned in their favour many Ballists saw an opportunity to take their revenge upon their Serbian neighbours for the suffering they had endured over previous two decades, burning perhaps as many as 30,000 houses belonging to Serbs and <a href="/wiki/Montenegrins" title="Montenegrins">Montenegrins</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamet2006141_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERamet2006141-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most vulnerable to these attacks were Serbs who had settled in Kosovo in the <a href="/wiki/Colonisation_of_Kosovo" class="mw-redirect" title="Colonisation of Kosovo">interwar period</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamet2006141_49-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERamet2006141-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Balli_Kombetar_Debar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Balli_Kombetar_Debar.jpg/200px-Balli_Kombetar_Debar.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Balli_Kombetar_Debar.jpg/300px-Balli_Kombetar_Debar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Balli_Kombetar_Debar.jpg/400px-Balli_Kombetar_Debar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="529" data-file-height="318" /></a><figcaption>Ballist in <a href="/wiki/Debar" title="Debar">Debar</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>In October 1944, as the German Army began retreating through Kosovo, fierce battles between the Germans and the Partisans broke out. After the Germans had been driven out, Tito ordered the collection of weapons in Kosovo and the arrest of prominent Albanians. The order was not well received and, combined with passions felt about Kosovo, inflamed an insurrection.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 2 December 1944, anti-communist Albanians from the Drenica region attacked the Trepca mining complex and other targets. Numbering at most 2,000 men, these anti-communists managed to hold off a Partisan force of 30,000 troops for two months.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_50-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similarly in <a href="/wiki/Ki%C4%8Devo" title="Kičevo">Kičevo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gostivar" title="Gostivar">Gostivar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tetovo" title="Tetovo">Tetovo</a>, the remaining Ballists tried to remain in control of the region after the Yugoslav Partisans announced victory.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Now "an armed uprising of massive proportions" broke out in Kosovo led by the Balli Kombëtar (which still had around 9,000 men under arms at the time), which aimed to resist incorporation of Kosovo into communist Yugoslavia.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_50-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was only in July 1945 that the Yugoslav Partisans were able to put down the uprising and establish their control over Kosovo.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_50-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Montenegro_and_Sandžak_region"><span id="Montenegro_and_Sand.C5.BEak_region"></span>Montenegro and Sandžak region</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balli_Komb%C3%ABtar&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Montenegro and Sandžak region"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Parts of <a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a> and the Sandžak were annexed into Albania in 1941. The cities included <a href="/wiki/Bijelo_Polje" title="Bijelo Polje">Bijelo Polje</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tutin,_Serbia" title="Tutin, Serbia">Tutin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Plav,_Montenegro" title="Plav, Montenegro">Plav</a>, Gusinje, Rozaje and <a href="/wiki/Ulcinj" title="Ulcinj">Ulcinj</a>. Some of the <a href="/wiki/Muslims_(nationality)" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslims (nationality)">Yugoslav Muslims</a> that lived in these regions sided with the Albanians. <a href="/wiki/Acif_Hadziahmetovic" class="mw-redirect" title="Acif Hadziahmetovic">Acif Hadziahmetovic</a>, former mayor of <a href="/wiki/Novi_Pazar" title="Novi Pazar">Novi Pazar</a> and member of <a href="/wiki/Nexhip_Draga" title="Nexhip Draga">Nexhip Draga</a>'s party, and Ballist forces under <a href="/wiki/Shaban_Polluzha" title="Shaban Polluzha">Shaban Polluzha</a> successfully repelled the combined <a href="/wiki/Chetnik" class="mw-redirect" title="Chetnik">Chetnik</a>-<a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Partisan" class="mw-redirect" title="Yugoslav Partisan">Yugoslav Partisan</a> forces back from <a href="/wiki/Novi_Pazar" title="Novi Pazar">Novi Pazar</a>, and crushed their stronghold in <a href="/wiki/Banja_(Novi_Pazar)" title="Banja (Novi Pazar)">Banja</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Novi Pazar remained under the control of <a href="/wiki/Acif_Hadziahmetovic" class="mw-redirect" title="Acif Hadziahmetovic">Acif Hadziahmetovic</a> who was a member of the nationalist Balli Kombëtar movement, right up until December 1944. During this time the region between Ballist held Novi Pazar and Chetnik controlled <a href="/wiki/Ra%C5%A1ka,_Serbia" title="Raška, Serbia">Raška</a>, witnessed constant fighting between the Albanians, Yugoslav Muslims and Serbs in the narrow valley that separates the two towns.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Greece">Greece</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balli_Komb%C3%ABtar&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Greece"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Balli Kombëtar was also active in northwestern Greece, in particular in a region referred to by Albanians as <a href="/wiki/Chameria" title="Chameria">Chameria</a>. Administration of the Thesprotia prefecture was handed over to the Albanians, although this region was not officially annexed into the Albanian kingdom. The "Balli Kombëtar Çam" (Cham National Front), founded in 1943 by Nuri Dino, received full German support since they were willing to fight both Albanian and Greek Communist Partisans.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These units were used in anti-partisan operations in Greece codenamed <i>Augustus</i>. By the time Operation <i>Augustus</i> ended, a larger number <a href="/wiki/Cham_Albanians" title="Cham Albanians">Chams</a> were recruited for armed support. Their support was appreciated by the Germans: Lt Colonel Josef Remold remarked that "with their knowledge of the surrounding area, they have proved their value in the scouting missions". On several occasions, these scouting missions engaged <a href="/wiki/EDES" title="EDES">EDES</a> units in combat.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 27 September (1943), combined German and Cham forces launched large scale operation in villages north of Paramythia: Eleftherochori, Seliani, Semelika, Aghios Nikolaos. In this operation the Cham contingent numbered 150 men, and, according to German Major Stöckert, "performed very well".<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Atrocities">Atrocities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balli_Komb%C3%ABtar&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Atrocities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Under the idea of creating a racially pure Greater Albania, the Balli Kombëtar enacted campaigns of terror against Serb civilians in Kosovo and Montenegro.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJankowski2014_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJankowski2014-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (December 2022)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJohnstone2002188_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJohnstone2002188-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (December 2022)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup>. Following the founding of the <a href="/wiki/Second_League_of_Prizren" title="Second League of Prizren">Second League of Prizren</a>, the Balli Kombëtar combined with the <a href="/wiki/21st_Waffen_Mountain_Division_of_the_SS_Skanderbeg" title="21st Waffen Mountain Division of the SS Skanderbeg">SS Skanderbeg</a> division massacred thousands of Serbs and expelled between 10,000 and 100,000 Serb civilians from the region.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELampe2000228_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELampe2000228-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClark200029_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClark200029-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlamires200631_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlamires200631-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In October 1943 during a large-scale German offensive in southern <a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a>, the Balli Kombëtar in conjunction with German troops attacked Greek villages and committed numerous atrocities including burning villages and executing civilians.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMangerich20106_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMangerich20106-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Revival">Revival</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balli_Komb%C3%ABtar&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Revival"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Balli Kombëtar was revived in Albania as a political party in the early 1990s. Founded under the leadership of <a href="/wiki/Abas_Ermenji" title="Abas Ermenji">Abas Ermenji</a>, a surviving Ballist, who escaped from Albania when the communists declared victory in 1945.<sup id="cite_ref-Robert_Elsie_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Robert_Elsie-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1996 it won 5 percent of the popular vote and two seats in parliament.<sup id="cite_ref-Robert_Elsie_60-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Robert_Elsie-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has since declined. In the 2001 elections it was part of the <a href="/wiki/Union_for_Victory" class="mw-redirect" title="Union for Victory">Union for Victory</a> (<i>Bashkimi për Fitoren</i>) coalition which received 37.1% of the vote and 46 members of parliament. </p><p>The National Front has chapters in Kosovo, led by Sylejman Daka & in North Macedonia, led by Vebi Xhemaili. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ideology">Ideology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balli_Komb%C3%ABtar&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Ideology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Midhat Frashëri believed that Albanian provinces under the Ottoman Empire were unfairly partitioned during <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> amongst Yugoslavia and Greece.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, Midhat Frashëri began advocating for a <a href="/wiki/Greater_Albania" title="Greater Albania">Greater Albania</a>. When Midhat Frashëri formed the Balli Kombëtar, it was based on his nationalist ideas and the old ideologies of <a href="/wiki/Abdyl_Frash%C3%ABri" title="Abdyl Frashëri">Abdyl Frashëri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ymer_Prizreni" title="Ymer Prizreni">Ymer Prizreni</a> and <a href="/wiki/Isa_Boletini" title="Isa Boletini">Isa Boletini</a>. The works of <a href="/wiki/Franz_Nopcsa" class="mw-redirect" title="Franz Nopcsa">Franz Nopcsa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Johann_Georg_von_Hahn" title="Johann Georg von Hahn">Johann Georg von Hahn</a> and <a href="/wiki/Milan_%C5%A0ufflay" title="Milan Šufflay">Milan Šufflay</a>, helped strengthen the nationalists' cause.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Balli Kombëtar believed that Albanians were "Aryans of Illyrian heritage".<sup id="cite_ref-Cyprian_Blamires_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cyprian_Blamires-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This helped gaining support by the Nazis.<sup id="cite_ref-Cyprian_Blamires_64-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cyprian_Blamires-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The party had also a strong <a href="/wiki/Agrarian_socialism" title="Agrarian socialism">agrarian socialist</a> wing, which gained the leadership of the party after the war with its leader <a href="/wiki/Abas_Ermenji" title="Abas Ermenji">Abaz Ermenji</a>, and also Zef Pali, Halil Maçi and <a href="/wiki/Vasil_Andoni" title="Vasil Andoni">Vasil Andoni</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-sot.com.al_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sot.com.al-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The original objectives of Balli Kombëtar were set out in 1942 in the following ten-point program, also known as the "Decalogue"<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The <i>Decalogue</i> states:<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><ol><li>We are fighting for the red and black flag, for the defence of the rights of the Albanian people</li> <li>We are fighting for a democratic, ethnic and free Albania with a modern society</li> <li>We are fighting for an Albania in which freedom of speech and thought will prevail</li> <li>We are fighting for an Albania with a proper economic and social balance so that there will be no more exploiters and exploited, that is to say, so that no one will live at the expense of his fellow man, so that there will be no farmers without enough land to live on, so that there will be no blue and white-collar workers without housing and security, i.e. we are fighting for a stable Albania with a thoroughly reformed economic system in accordance with the wishes and needs of the Albanian people</li> <li>We are fighting for an Albania in which the suppressed talents of all strata of the population will come to light, be supported and flourish with the help of Albanian schooling</li> <li>We are fighting for an Albania in which all positive contributions will be properly appreciated, independent of age, region or faith</li> <li>We are fighting to create an Albania run by people who have not been compromised, by Albanians who have done their utmost at every time and under all conditions for the salvation and welfare of their country, by competent and honest working men</li> <li>We are fighting for an Albania that, in a strict and exemplary manner, will punish all anti-patriots, traitors, lackeys, troublemakers, speculators and spies; for an Albania in which there will be no place for hypocrites, sycophants, feudal oppressors and anyone who hinders the development and progress of our renascent country</li> <li>We are fighting to harmonize and unite the creative energies of the nation, to create an intellectual and spiritual union of all Albanians</li> <li>We are fighting to mobilize all the vital forces of the nation against the occupiers in order to realize the ideals of <i>Balli Kombëtar</i></li></ol></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balli_Komb%C3%ABtar&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After World War II ended, the Balli Kombëtar were defeated by Yugoslav and Albanian communists. The Ballists were so thoroughly discredited by their collaboration with the Nazis that there was no chance of them having a role in postwar Albania, though it took until 1945 to finish them off. Ironically, the Ballists' decision to work with the Nazis brought about the one thing they had sought to prevent – a Communist-dominated government. Balli Kombëtar fighters fled the <a href="/wiki/Balkans" title="Balkans">Balkans</a> to Austria, the United States, Australia, <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_America" title="South America">South America</a>. The Ballists who did not escape were executed. An organization was set up in exile. </p><p>Many Ballists that managed to escape Albania subsequently set up the <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">CIA</a> backed <a href="/wiki/%22Free_Albania%22_National_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title=""Free Albania" National Committee">Free Albania Committee</a>, aimed at organising the Albanian diaspora to overthrow Enver Hoxha's Communist regime in Albania. Starting in 1949 British and American trained Albanian fighters (consisting of men from Balli Kombëtar and the monarchist movement, known as <a href="/wiki/Legaliteti" class="mw-redirect" title="Legaliteti">Legaliteti</a>) were parachuted into Albania with the aim of organizing a popular revolt against Hoxha, marking the start of the <a href="/wiki/Albanian_Subversion" class="mw-redirect" title="Albanian Subversion">Albanian Subversion</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The operation failed, thanks in no small part to infamous double agent <a href="/wiki/Kim_Philby" title="Kim Philby">Kim Philby</a>, who leaked crucial details of the plan to the communist authorities who were consequently able to intercept many of the fighters upon arrival.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The subversion cost the lives of at least 300 men and for a long time was one of the most carefully concealed secrets of the Cold War. </p><p>In 1950, the Balli Kombëtar (in-exile) was divided into two wings, one Agrarian headed by <a href="/wiki/Abas_Ermenji" title="Abas Ermenji">Abas Ermenji</a>, and one headed by <a href="/wiki/Ali_K%C3%ABlcyra" title="Ali Këlcyra">Ali Këlcyra</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balli_Komb%C3%ABtar&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tetovo was once the largest Balli Kombëtar base in <a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a> and still has strong ties with the name. The Tetovo-based football club <a href="/wiki/FK_%C5%A0kendija" class="mw-redirect" title="FK Škendija">KF Shkendija</a> has a large support firm called the <i>Ballistët</i>. They are known in the media in North Macedonia for their use of hardline nationalistic rhetorics in football matches.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most notable Ballist leader in Macedonia was <a href="/wiki/Xhem_Hasa" title="Xhem Hasa">Xhem Hasa</a> from <a href="/wiki/Gostivar" title="Gostivar">Gostivar</a>. A statue of him has been erected in <a href="/wiki/Gostivar_Municipality" title="Gostivar Municipality">Simnica</a>, just south of Gostivar, by local Albanians.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balli_Komb%C3%ABtar&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Fascist_Party" title="Albanian Fascist Party">Albanian Fascist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/21st_Waffen_Mountain_Division_of_the_SS_Skanderbeg_(1st_Albanian)" class="mw-redirect" title="21st Waffen Mountain Division of the SS Skanderbeg (1st Albanian)">21st Waffen Mountain Division of the SS Skanderbeg (1st Albanian)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulnetari" class="mw-redirect" title="Vulnetari">Vulnetari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%ABshilla" title="Këshilla">Këshilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Albania" title="Greater Albania">Greater Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Albania" title="History of Albania">History of Albania</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balli_Komb%C3%ABtar&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFWorld_Peace_Council1951" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/World_Peace_Council" title="World Peace Council">World Peace Council</a> (1951). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aAE3AAAAIAAJ"><i>First Session of the World Peace Council, Berlin, February 21-26, 1951: (Report and Documents)</i></a>. p. 16.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=First+Session+of+the+World+Peace+Council%2C+Berlin%2C+February+21-26%2C+1951%3A+%28Report+and+Documents%29&rft.pages=16&rft.date=1951&rft.au=World+Peace+Council&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DaAE3AAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalli+Komb%C3%ABtar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRashke2013" class="citation book cs1">Rashke, Richard (22 January 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Z-0hsC2iFq8C"><i>Useful Enemies: America's Open-Door Policy for Nazi War Criminals</i></a>. Open Road Media. p. 214. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4804-0159-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4804-0159-4"><bdi>978-1-4804-0159-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Useful+Enemies%3A+America%27s+Open-Door+Policy+for+Nazi+War+Criminals&rft.pages=214&rft.pub=Open+Road+Media&rft.date=2013-01-22&rft.isbn=978-1-4804-0159-4&rft.aulast=Rashke&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZ-0hsC2iFq8C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalli+Komb%C3%ABtar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFischer1999274-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFischer1999274_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFischer1999274_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFischer1999274_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFischer1999">Fischer 1999</a>, p. 274.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Isakovic_114-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Isakovic_114_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Isakovic_114_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIsakovic2019" class="citation book cs1">Isakovic, Zlatko (24 May 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4qiaDwAAQBAJ"><i>Identity and Security in Former Yugoslavia</i></a>. Routledge. p. 114. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-351-73349-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-351-73349-6"><bdi>978-1-351-73349-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Identity+and+Security+in+Former+Yugoslavia&rft.pages=114&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2019-05-24&rft.isbn=978-1-351-73349-6&rft.aulast=Isakovic&rft.aufirst=Zlatko&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4qiaDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalli+Komb%C3%ABtar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sot.com.al-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sot.com.al_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sot.com.al_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sot.com.al/dossier-politike/cia-zbardh-p%C3%ABr%C3%A7arjet-brenda-ballit-komb%C3%ABtar-hasan-dosti-ishte-njeri-i-d%C3%ABshtuar-p%C3%ABr">"CIA zbardh përçarjet brenda Ballit Kombëtar, Hasan Dosti ishte njeri i dështuar për amerikanët, ja përplasjet mes konservatorëve dhe socialistëve, roli i dyshimtë i Ali Këlcyrës dhe lëvizjet e Abaz Kupit"</a>. <i>Agjencia e Lajmeve SOT NEWS</i>. 5 July 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Agjencia+e+Lajmeve+SOT+NEWS&rft.atitle=CIA+zbardh+p%C3%ABr%C3%A7arjet+brenda+Ballit+Komb%C3%ABtar%2C+Hasan+Dosti+ishte+njeri+i+d%C3%ABshtuar+p%C3%ABr+amerikan%C3%ABt%2C+ja+p%C3%ABrplasjet+mes+konservator%C3%ABve+dhe+socialist%C3%ABve%2C+roli+i+dyshimt%C3%AB+i+Ali+K%C3%ABlcyr%C3%ABs+dhe+l%C3%ABvizjet+e+Abaz+Kupit&rft.date=2016-07-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsot.com.al%2Fdossier-politike%2Fcia-zbardh-p%25C3%25ABr%25C3%25A7arjet-brenda-ballit-komb%25C3%25ABtar-hasan-dosti-ishte-njeri-i-d%25C3%25ABshtuar-p%25C3%25ABr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalli+Komb%C3%ABtar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Thomas">Thomas (2006)</a>, pp. 43–44</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5ebkAAAAMAAJ&q=Ali+K%C3%ABlcyra"><i>European Resistance Movements, 1939-1945</i></a> (in French). Pergamon Press. 1964.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=European+Resistance+Movements%2C+1939-1945&rft.pub=Pergamon+Press&rft.date=1964&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5ebkAAAAMAAJ%26q%3DAli%2BK%25C3%25ABlcyra&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalli+Komb%C3%ABtar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSimpson2014" class="citation book cs1">Simpson, Christopher (10 June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=R3qdAwAAQBAJ"><i>Blowback: America's Recruitment of Nazis and Its Destructive Impact on Our Domestic and Foreign Policy</i></a>. Open Road Media. p. 83. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4976-2306-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4976-2306-4"><bdi>978-1-4976-2306-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Blowback%3A+America%27s+Recruitment+of+Nazis+and+Its+Destructive+Impact+on+Our+Domestic+and+Foreign+Policy&rft.pages=83&rft.pub=Open+Road+Media&rft.date=2014-06-10&rft.isbn=978-1-4976-2306-4&rft.aulast=Simpson&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DR3qdAwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalli+Komb%C3%ABtar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ermenji, A. and Frashëri, M. (1944), 'Manifest i Ballit Kombëtar', Mid'hat Frashëri: Vepra të zgjedhura, Vol.1, pp.597-609. [as cited in the National Archives, War Office 204/13036].</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Frashëri, M. (1944), 'Shpifni, shpifni, se diçka do të mbetet!: Komunizmi s'ka asnje ndryshim nga fashizmi', Mid'hat Frashëri: Vepra të zgjedhura, Vol.1, pp.597-609.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Frashëri, M. (1945), 'Balli Kombëtar i keqkuptuar dhe i keqinterpretuar' , Mid'hat Frashëri: Vepra të zgjedhura, Vol.1, pp.615-621.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrashëri2003" class="citation web cs1">Frashëri, Gjergj (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxfordartonline.com/groveart/view/10.1093/gao/9781884446054.001.0001/oao-9781884446054-e-7000085195">"Tiranë"</a>. Oxford Art Online. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fgao%2F9781884446054.article.t085195">10.1093/gao/9781884446054.article.t085195</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-884446-05-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-884446-05-4"><bdi>978-1-884446-05-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tiran%C3%AB&rft.series=Oxford+Art+Online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fgao%2F9781884446054.article.t085195&rft.isbn=978-1-884446-05-4&rft.aulast=Frash%C3%ABri&rft.aufirst=Gjergj&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordartonline.com%2Fgroveart%2Fview%2F10.1093%2Fgao%2F9781884446054.001.0001%2Foao-9781884446054-e-7000085195&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalli+Komb%C3%ABtar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jelavich-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Jelavich_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJelavich1983" class="citation book cs1">Jelavich, Barbara (1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofbalkans0000jela/page/274"><i>History of the Balkans, Vol. 2: Twentieth Century</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofbalkans0000jela/page/274">274</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-27459-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-27459-1"><bdi>0-521-27459-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Balkans%2C+Vol.+2%3A+Twentieth+Century&rft.pages=274&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=0-521-27459-1&rft.aulast=Jelavich&rft.aufirst=Barbara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryofbalkans0000jela%2Fpage%2F274&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalli+Komb%C3%ABtar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fischer115116260-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Fischer115116260_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFischer1999">Fischer 1999</a>, pp. 115–116, 260.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ramet141142-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ramet141142_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRamet2006">Ramet 2006</a>, pp. 141–142.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rossos185186-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Rossos185186_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRossos2013">Rossos 2013</a>, pp. 185–186.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPearson2006272-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPearson2006272_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPearson2006">Pearson 2006</a>, p. 272.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Agnes Mangerich, Albanian escape, 2010, 6</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bideleux, Robert & Jeffries Ian, The Balkans – A post – communist History, 2007, 525</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKingMason200632-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKingMason200632_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKingMason2006">King & Mason 2006</a>, p. 32.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJankowski2014-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJankowski2014_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJankowski2014_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJankowski2014">Jankowski 2014</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJohnstone2002188-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJohnstone2002188_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJohnstone2002188_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJohnstone2002">Johnstone 2002</a>, p. 188.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMangerich20106-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMangerich20106_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMangerich20106_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMangerich2010">Mangerich 2010</a>, p. 6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElsie2010" class="citation book cs1">Elsie, Robert (30 March 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=haFlGXIg8uoC&pg=PA30"><i>Historical Dictionary of Albania</i></a>. Scarecrow Press. p. 30. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-6188-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-6188-6"><bdi>978-0-8108-6188-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+Albania&rft.pages=30&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=2010-03-30&rft.isbn=978-0-8108-6188-6&rft.aulast=Elsie&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhaFlGXIg8uoC%26pg%3DPA30&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalli+Komb%C3%ABtar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFischer1999132–133-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFischer1999132–133_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFischer1999">Fischer 1999</a>, pp. 132–133.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVickers1998132-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVickers1998132_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVickers1998">Vickers 1998</a>, pp. 132.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPearson2006-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPearson2006_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPearson2006_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPearson2006_27-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPearson2006_27-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPearson2006_27-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPearson2006">Pearson 2006</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVickers1998-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVickers1998_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVickers1998">Vickers 1998</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERoberts1987-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoberts1987_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRoberts1987">Roberts 1987</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Morrock2010-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Morrock2010_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichard_Morrock2010" class="citation book cs1">Richard Morrock (11 October 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CZtnAbKkOmIC"><i>The Psychology of Genocide and Violent Oppression: A Study of Mass Cruelty from Nazi Germany to Rwanda</i></a>. McFarland. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-5628-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-5628-4"><bdi>978-0-7864-5628-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Psychology+of+Genocide+and+Violent+Oppression%3A+A+Study+of+Mass+Cruelty+from+Nazi+Germany+to+Rwanda&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2010-10-11&rft.isbn=978-0-7864-5628-4&rft.au=Richard+Morrock&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCZtnAbKkOmIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalli+Komb%C3%ABtar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Abbott1983-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Abbott1983_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeter_Abbott1983" class="citation book cs1">Peter Abbott (1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=z1CNJitx5RkC&pg=PA27"><i>Partisan Warfare 1941–45</i></a>. Osprey Publishing. pp. 27–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85045-513-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85045-513-7"><bdi>978-0-85045-513-7</bdi></a>. <q>Balli Kombetar, however, preferred German rule to Italian and, believing that only the Germans would allow Kosovo to remain Albanian after the war, began to collaborate.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Partisan+Warfare+1941%E2%80%9345&rft.pages=27-&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=978-0-85045-513-7&rft.au=Peter+Abbott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dz1CNJitx5RkC%26pg%3DPA27&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalli+Komb%C3%ABtar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Winnifrith2002-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Winnifrith2002_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTom_Winnifrith2002" class="citation book cs1">Tom Winnifrith (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dkRoAAAAMAAJ"><i>Badlands, Borderlands: A History of Northern Epirus/Southern Albania</i></a>. Duckworth. p. 26. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7156-3201-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7156-3201-7"><bdi>978-0-7156-3201-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Badlands%2C+Borderlands%3A+A+History+of+Northern+Epirus%2FSouthern+Albania&rft.pages=26&rft.pub=Duckworth&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-7156-3201-7&rft.au=Tom+Winnifrith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdkRoAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalli+Komb%C3%ABtar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPearson2006230-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPearson2006230_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPearson2006">Pearson 2006</a>, p. 230.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dezhgiu-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dezhgiu_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDezhgiu2006" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Dezhgiu, Muharrem (28 May 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131203014222/http://www.lajmishqip.com/?p=568">"Safet Butka, Luftetar per Mbrojtjen e Idealit Kombetar"</a>. <i>Lajmi Shqip</i> (in Albanian). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lajmishqip.com/?p=568">the original</a> on 3 December 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lajmi+Shqip&rft.atitle=Safet+Butka%2C+Luftetar+per+Mbrojtjen+e+Idealit+Kombetar&rft.date=2006-05-28&rft.aulast=Dezhgiu&rft.aufirst=Muharrem&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lajmishqip.com%2F%3Fp%3D568&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalli+Komb%C3%ABtar" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (March 2016)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Filipović1989-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Filipović1989_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGordana_Filipović1989" class="citation book cs1">Gordana Filipović (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1TC5AAAAIAAJ"><i>Kosovo—past and present</i></a>. Review of International Affairs. pp. 134–142. <q>When he realized he would not obtain the consent of the Central Committee of the CPY for the creation of a Great Albania, Enver Hoxha organized a conference with representatives of the pro-fascist nationalistic Balli Kom- betar in Muka on ...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kosovo%E2%80%94past+and+present&rft.pages=134-142&rft.pub=Review+of+International+Affairs&rft.date=1989&rft.au=Gordana+Filipovi%C4%87&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1TC5AAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalli+Komb%C3%ABtar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bataković2007-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bataković2007_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bataković2007_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDušan_T._Bataković2007" class="citation book cs1">Dušan T. Bataković (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eGM_AQAAIAAJ"><i>Kosovo and Metohija: living in the enclave</i></a>. Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Institute for Balkan Studies. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788671790529" title="Special:BookSources/9788671790529"><bdi>9788671790529</bdi></a>. <q>Albanian communists joined forces with the Balli Kombetar, an active Kosovo Albanian nationalist organization. Nevertheless, the agreement reached in the village of Mukaj on 2 August 1943 turned out to be a short-lived one.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kosovo+and+Metohija%3A+living+in+the+enclave&rft.pub=Serbian+Academy+of+Sciences+and+Arts%2C+Institute+for+Balkan+Studies&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9788671790529&rft.au=Du%C5%A1an+T.+Batakovi%C4%87&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DeGM_AQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalli+Komb%C3%ABtar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Frances_Trix-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Frances_Trix_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Frances_Trix_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Frances_Trix_37-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrances_Trix2009" class="citation book cs1">Frances Trix (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zyF_-9TtoUsC&pg=PA72"><i>The Sufi Journey of Baba Rexheb</i></a>. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 72. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-934536-12-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-934536-12-4"><bdi>978-1-934536-12-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sufi+Journey+of+Baba+Rexheb&rft.pages=72&rft.pub=University+of+Pennsylvania+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-934536-12-4&rft.au=Frances+Trix&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzyF_-9TtoUsC%26pg%3DPA72&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalli+Komb%C3%ABtar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.files.ethz.ch/isn/38652/2001_Jul_2.pdf">"The Greek Minority in Albania in the Aftermath of Communism"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Greek+Minority+in+Albania+in+the+Aftermath+of+Communism&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.files.ethz.ch%2Fisn%2F38652%2F2001_Jul_2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalli+Komb%C3%ABtar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIrene_Grunbaum1996" class="citation book cs1">Irene Grunbaum (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TSzUvxV0WVQC&pg=PA187"><i>Escape Through the Balkans: The Autobiography of Irene Gr_nbaum</i></a>. U of Nebraska Press. p. 187. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8032-7082-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-8032-7082-8"><bdi>0-8032-7082-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Escape+Through+the+Balkans%3A+The+Autobiography+of+Irene+Gr_nbaum&rft.pages=187&rft.pub=U+of+Nebraska+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-8032-7082-8&rft.au=Irene+Grunbaum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTSzUvxV0WVQC%26pg%3DPA187&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalli+Komb%C3%ABtar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPearson2006271,272-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPearson2006271,272_40-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPearson2006271,272_40-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPearson2006">Pearson 2006</a>, p. 271,272.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFischer1999262-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFischer1999262_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFischer1999">Fischer 1999</a>, p. 262.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElsie2012" class="citation book cs1">Elsie, Robert (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pgf6GWJxuZgC&pg=PA108"><i>A Biographical Dictionary of Albanian History</i></a>. ib tauris & co ltd. p. 314. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78076-431-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78076-431-3"><bdi>978-1-78076-431-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Biographical+Dictionary+of+Albanian+History&rft.pages=314&rft.pub=ib+tauris+%26+co+ltd&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-78076-431-3&rft.aulast=Elsie&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dpgf6GWJxuZgC%26pg%3DPA108&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalli+Komb%C3%ABtar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPearson2006301–302-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPearson2006301–302_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPearson2006">Pearson 2006</a>, pp. 301–302.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEElsie2012109-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEElsie2012109_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFElsie2012">Elsie 2012</a>, p. 109.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPearson2006302-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPearson2006302_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPearson2006">Pearson 2006</a>, pp. 302.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVojnoistorijski_institut_(Belgrade,_Serbia)1982" class="citation book cs1">Vojnoistorijski institut (Belgrade, Serbia) (1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mFwNAAAAIAAJ"><i>The National Liberation War and Revolution in Yugoslavia (1941-1945): Selected Documents</i></a>. Military History Institute of the Yugoslav People's Army.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+National+Liberation+War+and+Revolution+in+Yugoslavia+%281941-1945%29%3A+Selected+Documents&rft.pub=Military+History+Institute+of+the+Yugoslav+People%27s+Army&rft.date=1982&rft.au=Vojnoistorijski+institut+%28Belgrade%2C+Serbia%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmFwNAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalli+Komb%C3%ABtar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOwen_Pearson2006b" class="citation book cs1">Owen Pearson (2006b). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=D4wx7kQp4bgC&pg=PA228"><i>Albania as Dictatorship and Democracy</i></a>. Bloomsbury Academic. p. 228. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84511-105-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84511-105-2"><bdi>978-1-84511-105-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Albania+as+Dictatorship+and+Democracy&rft.pages=228&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Academic&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-84511-105-2&rft.au=Owen+Pearson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DD4wx7kQp4bgC%26pg%3DPA228&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalli+Komb%C3%ABtar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOwen_Pearson2004" class="citation book cs1">Owen Pearson (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JWppAAAAMAAJ&q=Xhemal+Gostivari"><i>Albania in the twentieth century: a history, Volume 2</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781845110130" title="Special:BookSources/9781845110130"><bdi>9781845110130</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Albania+in+the+twentieth+century%3A+a+history%2C+Volume+2&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9781845110130&rft.au=Owen+Pearson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJWppAAAAMAAJ%26q%3DXhemal%2BGostivari&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalli+Komb%C3%ABtar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERamet2006141-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamet2006141_49-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamet2006141_49-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamet2006141_49-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRamet2006">Ramet 2006</a>, p. 141.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_50-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_50-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_50-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_50-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFP._Ramet2006" class="citation book cs1">P. Ramet, Sabrina (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FTw3lEqi2-oC&q=balli+kombetar"><i>The Three Yugoslavias: State-building and Legitimation, 1918–2005</i></a>. p. 156. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0253346568" title="Special:BookSources/0253346568"><bdi>0253346568</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Three+Yugoslavias%3A+State-building+and+Legitimation%2C+1918%E2%80%932005&rft.pages=156&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0253346568&rft.aulast=P.+Ramet&rft.aufirst=Sabrina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFTw3lEqi2-oC%26q%3Dballi%2Bkombetar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalli+Komb%C3%ABtar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zemrashqiptare.net/article/Personalitete/11309/?highlight=Mefail+Shehu&match=">"Zemra Shqiptare"</a>. <i>zemrashqiptare.net</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=zemrashqiptare.net&rft.atitle=Zemra+Shqiptare&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.zemrashqiptare.net%2Farticle%2FPersonalitete%2F11309%2F%3Fhighlight%3DMefail%2BShehu%26match%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalli+Komb%C3%ABtar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120426001607/http://www.bosnasancak.net/forum/showthread.php?2754-Heroji-Sandzaka-Acif-Hadziahmetovic-%281887-1945%29">"Nezavisna revija Sandzak"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bosnasancak.net/forum/showthread.php?2754-Heroji-Sandzaka-Acif-Hadziahmetovic-%281887-1945%29">the original</a> on 26 April 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 November</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nezavisna+revija+Sandzak&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bosnasancak.net%2Fforum%2Fshowthread.php%3F2754-Heroji-Sandzaka-Acif-Hadziahmetovic-%25281887-1945%2529&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalli+Komb%C3%ABtar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFInternational_Crisis_Group" class="citation web cs1">International Crisis Group. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171216034807/http://old.crisisgroup.org/_/media/Files/europe/162_serbia_s_sandzak_still_forgotten.pdf">"SERBIA'S SANDZAK: STILL FORGOTTEN"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://old.crisisgroup.org/_/media/Files/europe/162_serbia_s_sandzak_still_forgotten.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 16 December 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SERBIA%27S+SANDZAK%3A+STILL+FORGOTTEN&rft.au=International+Crisis+Group&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fold.crisisgroup.org%2F_%2Fmedia%2FFiles%2Feurope%2F162_serbia_s_sandzak_still_forgotten.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalli+Komb%C3%ABtar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-ebpDLhkVWcC&q=cham"><i>Ethnologia Balkanica</i></a>. p. 178.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ethnologia+Balkanica&rft.pages=178&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-ebpDLhkVWcC%26q%3Dcham&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalli+Komb%C3%ABtar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Meyer" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Meyer, Hermann Frank (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_Hpr-PK39UkC"><i>Blutiges Edelweiß: Die 1. Gebirgs-division im zweiten Weltkrieg [Bloodstained Edelweiss. The 1st Mountain-Division in WWII]</i></a> (in German). Ch. Links Verlag. pp. 464, 467, 476. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-86153-447-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-86153-447-1"><bdi>978-3-86153-447-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Blutiges+Edelwei%C3%9F%3A+Die+1.+Gebirgs-division+im+zweiten+Weltkrieg+%5BBloodstained+Edelweiss.+The+1st+Mountain-Division+in+WWII%5D&rft.pages=464%2C+467%2C+476&rft.pub=Ch.+Links+Verlag&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-3-86153-447-1&rft.aulast=Meyer&rft.aufirst=Hermann+Frank&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_Hpr-PK39UkC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalli+Komb%C3%ABtar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Meyer" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Meyer, Hermann Frank (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_Hpr-PK39UkC"><i>Blutiges Edelweiß: Die 1. Gebirgs-division im zweiten Weltkrieg [Bloodstained Edelweiss. The 1st Mountain-Division in WWII]</i></a> (in German). Ch. Links Verlag. p. 469. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-86153-447-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-86153-447-1"><bdi>978-3-86153-447-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Blutiges+Edelwei%C3%9F%3A+Die+1.+Gebirgs-division+im+zweiten+Weltkrieg+%5BBloodstained+Edelweiss.+The+1st+Mountain-Division+in+WWII%5D&rft.pages=469&rft.pub=Ch.+Links+Verlag&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-3-86153-447-1&rft.aulast=Meyer&rft.aufirst=Hermann+Frank&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_Hpr-PK39UkC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalli+Komb%C3%ABtar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELampe2000228-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELampe2000228_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLampe2000">Lampe 2000</a>, p. 228.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEClark200029-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClark200029_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFClark2000">Clark 2000</a>, p. 29.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlamires200631-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlamires200631_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBlamires2006">Blamires 2006</a>, p. 31.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Robert_Elsie-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Robert_Elsie_60-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Robert_Elsie_60-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobert_Elsie" class="citation web cs1">Robert Elsie. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141006083419/http://dualibra.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/Historical_Dictionary_of_Albania__Second_Edition.pdf">"Historical Dictionary of Albania"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dualibra.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/Historical_Dictionary_of_Albania__Second_Edition.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 6 October 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+Albania&rft.au=Robert+Elsie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdualibra.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2011%2F10%2FHistorical_Dictionary_of_Albania__Second_Edition.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalli+Komb%C3%ABtar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobert_Elsie" class="citation web cs1">Robert Elsie. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110717004908/http://www.albanianhistory.net/texts20_1/AH1915_2.html">"Balli Kombëtar: The Ten-Point Programme"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.albanianhistory.net/texts20_1/AH1915_2.html">the original</a> on 17 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 February</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Balli+Komb%C3%ABtar%3A+The+Ten-Point+Programme&rft.au=Robert+Elsie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.albanianhistory.net%2Ftexts20_1%2FAH1915_2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalli+Komb%C3%ABtar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobert_Elsie" class="citation web cs1">Robert Elsie. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110811035740/http://www.albanianhistory.net/texts20_1/AH1912_4.html">"Milan von Šufflay: Mediaeval Albania"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.albanianhistory.net/texts20_1/AH1912_4.html">the original</a> on 11 August 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Milan+von+%C5%A0ufflay%3A+Mediaeval+Albania&rft.au=Robert+Elsie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.albanianhistory.net%2Ftexts20_1%2FAH1912_4.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalli+Komb%C3%ABtar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobert_Elsie" class="citation web cs1">Robert Elsie. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111029002602/http://www.albanianhistory.net/texts20_1/AH1913_9.html">"Baron Franz Nopcsa"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.albanianhistory.net/texts20_1/AH1913_9.html">the original</a> on 29 October 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Baron+Franz+Nopcsa&rft.au=Robert+Elsie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.albanianhistory.net%2Ftexts20_1%2FAH1913_9.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalli+Komb%C3%ABtar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cyprian_Blamires-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cyprian_Blamires_64-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cyprian_Blamires_64-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCyprian_Blamires2006" class="citation book cs1">Cyprian Blamires (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nvD2rZSVau4C&pg=PA31"><i>World Fascism: A-K</i></a>. ABC-CLIO. pp. 31–32. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57607-940-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57607-940-9"><bdi>978-1-57607-940-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+Fascism%3A+A-K&rft.pages=31-32&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-57607-940-9&rft.au=Cyprian+Blamires&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnvD2rZSVau4C%26pg%3DPA31&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalli+Komb%C3%ABtar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobert_Elsie" class="citation web cs1">Robert Elsie. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110723010338/http://www.albanianhistory.net/texts20_1/AH1942.html">"Mid'hat bey Frashëri:The Epirus Question – the Martyrdom of a People"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.albanianhistory.net/texts20_1/AH1942.html">the original</a> on 23 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mid%27hat+bey+Frash%C3%ABri%3AThe+Epirus+Question+%E2%80%93+the+Martyrdom+of+a+People&rft.au=Robert+Elsie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.albanianhistory.net%2Ftexts20_1%2FAH1942.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalli+Komb%C3%ABtar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobert_Elsie" class="citation web cs1">Robert Elsie. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110723010338/http://www.albanianhistory.net/texts20_1/AH1942.html">"Balli Kombëtar: The Ten-Point Programme"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.albanianhistory.net/texts20_1/AH1942.html">the original</a> on 23 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 February</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Balli+Komb%C3%ABtar%3A+The+Ten-Point+Programme&rft.au=Robert+Elsie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.albanianhistory.net%2Ftexts20_1%2FAH1942.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalli+Komb%C3%ABtar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170122221108/https://www.cia.gov/library/readingroom/docs/OBOPUS%20BG%20FIEND%20%20%20VOL.%201%20%28COUNTRY%20PLAN%20ALBANIA%29_0028.pdf">"CIA released documents"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/readingroom/docs/OBOPUS%20BG%20FIEND%20%20%20VOL.%201%20%28COUNTRY%20PLAN%20ALBANIA%29_0028.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 22 January 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CIA+released+documents&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Freadingroom%2Fdocs%2FOBOPUS%2520BG%2520FIEND%2520%2520%2520VOL.%25201%2520%2528COUNTRY%2520PLAN%2520ALBANIA%2529_0028.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalli+Komb%C3%ABtar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobert_Elsie" class="citation web cs1">Robert Elsie. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.albanianhistory.net/1983_Ermenji/index.html">"Overthrowing the Communist Regime"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Overthrowing+the+Communist+Regime&rft.au=Robert+Elsie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.albanianhistory.net%2F1983_Ermenji%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalli+Komb%C3%ABtar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8PITAQAAMAAJ"><i>JPRS Report: East Europe</i></a>. Foreign Broadcast Information Service. 1990. p. 22.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=JPRS+Report%3A+East+Europe&rft.pages=22&rft.pub=Foreign+Broadcast+Information+Service&rft.date=1990&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8PITAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalli+Komb%C3%ABtar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFilip_Zdraveski" class="citation web cs1">Filip Zdraveski. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://macedonianfootball.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2469:shkendija-fined-their-fans-cant-go-to-away-games&catid=1:domestic&Itemid=63">"Shkendija fined, their fans can't go to away games"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Shkendija+fined%2C+their+fans+can%27t+go+to+away+games&rft.au=Filip+Zdraveski&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmacedonianfootball.com%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26view%3Darticle%26id%3D2469%3Ashkendija-fined-their-fans-cant-go-to-away-games%26catid%3D1%3Adomestic%26Itemid%3D63&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalli+Komb%C3%ABtar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160316013131/http://gostivari24.com/permendorja-e-ballistit-te-njohur-xhem-hasa-gostivari/">"PËRMENDORJA E BALLISTIT TË NJOHUR XHEM HASA – GOSTIVARI"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gostivari24.com/permendorja-e-ballistit-te-njohur-xhem-hasa-gostivari/">the original</a> on 16 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=P%C3%8BRMENDORJA+E+BALLISTIT+T%C3%8B+NJOHUR+XHEM+HASA+%E2%80%93+GOSTIVARI&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgostivari24.com%2Fpermendorja-e-ballistit-te-njohur-xhem-hasa-gostivari%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalli+Komb%C3%ABtar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balli_Komb%C3%ABtar&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlamires2006" class="citation book cs1">Blamires, Cyprian (2006). <i>World Fascism: A-K</i>. ABC-CLIO. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-57607-940-6" title="Special:BookSources/1-57607-940-6"><bdi>1-57607-940-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+Fascism%3A+A-K&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=1-57607-940-6&rft.aulast=Blamires&rft.aufirst=Cyprian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalli+Komb%C3%ABtar" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClark2000" class="citation book cs1">Clark, Howard (2000). <i>Civil Resistance in Kosovo</i>. Pluto Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780745315690" title="Special:BookSources/9780745315690"><bdi>9780745315690</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Civil+Resistance+in+Kosovo&rft.pub=Pluto+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=9780745315690&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=Howard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalli+Komb%C3%ABtar" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDželetović2000" class="citation book cs1">Dželetović, Pavle Ivanov (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SHAtAQAAIAAJ"><i>Balistički pokret: 1939–1952: masovnost, saradnja sa italijanskim i nemačkim okupatorima i zločini nad Srbima</i></a>. Arhiv Srbije.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Balisti%C4%8Dki+pokret%3A+1939%E2%80%931952%3A+masovnost%2C+saradnja+sa+italijanskim+i+nema%C4%8Dkim+okupatorima+i+zlo%C4%8Dini+nad+Srbima&rft.pub=Arhiv+Srbije&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=D%C5%BEeletovi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Pavle+Ivanov&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSHAtAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalli+Komb%C3%ABtar" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFischer1999" class="citation book cs1">Fischer, Bernd Jürgen (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=P-MiG9ngCp8C"><i>Albania at War, 1939–1945</i></a>. C. Hurst & Co. Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85065-531-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85065-531-2"><bdi>978-1-85065-531-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Albania+at+War%2C+1939%E2%80%931945&rft.pub=C.+Hurst+%26+Co.+Publishers&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-1-85065-531-2&rft.aulast=Fischer&rft.aufirst=Bernd+J%C3%BCrgen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DP-MiG9ngCp8C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalli+Komb%C3%ABtar" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJankowski2014" class="citation book cs1">Jankowski, Tomek (2014). <i>Eastern Europe!</i>. Steerforth Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780985062330" title="Special:BookSources/9780985062330"><bdi>9780985062330</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Eastern+Europe%21&rft.pub=Steerforth+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9780985062330&rft.aulast=Jankowski&rft.aufirst=Tomek&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalli+Komb%C3%ABtar" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnstone2002" class="citation book cs1">Johnstone, Diana (2002). <i>Fools' Crusade Yugoslavia, Nato, and Western Delusions</i>. Monthly Review Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781583670842" title="Special:BookSources/9781583670842"><bdi>9781583670842</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fools%27+Crusade+Yugoslavia%2C+Nato%2C+and+Western+Delusions&rft.pub=Monthly+Review+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9781583670842&rft.aulast=Johnstone&rft.aufirst=Diana&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalli+Komb%C3%ABtar" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKingMason2006" class="citation book cs1">King, Iain; Mason, Whit (2006). <i>Peace at Any Price: How the World Failed Kosovo</i>. United Kingdom: Cornwell University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8014-4539-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8014-4539-2"><bdi>978-0-8014-4539-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Peace+at+Any+Price%3A+How+the+World+Failed+Kosovo&rft.place=United+Kingdom&rft.pub=Cornwell+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-8014-4539-2&rft.aulast=King&rft.aufirst=Iain&rft.au=Mason%2C+Whit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalli+Komb%C3%ABtar" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLampe2000" class="citation book cs1">Lampe, John (2000). <i>Yugoslavia as History - Twice There Was a Country</i>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521774017" title="Special:BookSources/9780521774017"><bdi>9780521774017</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Yugoslavia+as+History+-+Twice+There+Was+a+Country&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=9780521774017&rft.aulast=Lampe&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalli+Komb%C3%ABtar" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMangerich2010" class="citation book cs1">Mangerich, Agnes (2010). <i>Albanian Escape - The True Story of U.S. Army Nurses Behind Enemy Lines</i>. University Press of Kentucky. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780813127422" title="Special:BookSources/9780813127422"><bdi>9780813127422</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Albanian+Escape+-+The+True+Story+of+U.S.+Army+Nurses+Behind+Enemy+Lines&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Kentucky&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9780813127422&rft.aulast=Mangerich&rft.aufirst=Agnes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalli+Komb%C3%ABtar" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRossos2013" class="citation book cs1">Rossos, Andrew (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NeGoAAAAQBAJ&q=Albanian+form&pg=PT179"><i>Macedonia and the Macedonians: A history</i></a>. Stanford: Hoover Institution Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780817948832" title="Special:BookSources/9780817948832"><bdi>9780817948832</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Macedonia+and+the+Macedonians%3A+A+history&rft.place=Stanford&rft.pub=Hoover+Institution+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9780817948832&rft.aulast=Rossos&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNeGoAAAAQBAJ%26q%3DAlbanian%2Bform%26pg%3DPT179&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalli+Komb%C3%ABtar" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPearson2006" class="citation book cs1">Pearson, Owen (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=P3knunC7z_oC"><i>Albania in the Twentieth Century, A History: Volume II: Albania in Occupation and War, 1940–45</i></a>. I.B.Tauris. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84511-104-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84511-104-5"><bdi>978-1-84511-104-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Albania+in+the+Twentieth+Century%2C+A+History%3A+Volume+II%3A+Albania+in+Occupation+and+War%2C+1940%E2%80%9345&rft.pub=I.B.Tauris&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-84511-104-5&rft.aulast=Pearson&rft.aufirst=Owen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DP3knunC7z_oC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalli+Komb%C3%ABtar" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoberts1987" class="citation book cs1">Roberts, Walter R. (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=43CbLU8FgFsC"><i>Tito, Mihailović, and the Allies, 1941–1945</i></a>. Duke University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8223-0773-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-8223-0773-1"><bdi>0-8223-0773-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tito%2C+Mihailovi%C4%87%2C+and+the+Allies%2C+1941%E2%80%931945&rft.pub=Duke+University+Press&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=0-8223-0773-1&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.aufirst=Walter+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D43CbLU8FgFsC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalli+Komb%C3%ABtar" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRamet2006" class="citation book cs1">Ramet, Sabrina P. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FTw3lEqi2-oC"><i>The Three Yugoslavias: State-building and Legitimation, 1918–2005</i></a>. Indiana University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-253-34656-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-253-34656-8"><bdi>0-253-34656-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Three+Yugoslavias%3A+State-building+and+Legitimation%2C+1918%E2%80%932005&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-253-34656-8&rft.aulast=Ramet&rft.aufirst=Sabrina+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFTw3lEqi2-oC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalli+Komb%C3%ABtar" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVickers1998" class="citation book cs1">Vickers, Miranda (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=S41pAAAAMAAJ"><i>Between Serb and Albanian: a history of Kosovo</i></a>. Hurst & Co. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781850652786" title="Special:BookSources/9781850652786"><bdi>9781850652786</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Between+Serb+and+Albanian%3A+a+history+of+Kosovo&rft.pub=Hurst+%26+Co.&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=9781850652786&rft.aulast=Vickers&rft.aufirst=Miranda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DS41pAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalli+Komb%C3%ABtar" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output 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.navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Collaboration_with_Nazi_Germany,_Fascist_Italy_and_Imperial_Japan" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Collaboration_with_Axis_Powers" title="Template:Collaboration with Axis Powers"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Collaboration_with_Axis_Powers" title="Template talk:Collaboration with Axis Powers"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Collaboration_with_Axis_Powers" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Collaboration with Axis Powers"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Collaboration_with_Nazi_Germany,_Fascist_Italy_and_Imperial_Japan" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Collaboration_with_Nazi_Germany_and_Fascist_Italy" title="Collaboration with Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy">Collaboration with Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Collaboration_with_Imperial_Japan" title="Collaboration with Imperial Japan">Imperial Japan</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists by <a href="/wiki/Axis_forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Axis forces">Axis forces</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">German</a> and<br /><a href="/wiki/Fascist_Italy" title="Fascist Italy">Italian</a> collaborationists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Albanian collaborators <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Fascist_Militia" title="Albanian Fascist Militia">Albanian Fascist Militia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Balli Kombëtar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cham_Albanian_collaboration_with_the_Axis" title="Cham Albanian collaboration with the Axis">Cham Albanian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armistice_Army" title="Armistice Army">Armistice Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battaglione_Azad_Hindoustan" title="Battaglione Azad Hindoustan">Battaglione Azad Hindoustan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Home_Defence" title="Belarusian Home Defence">Belarusian Home Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Division" title="Blue Division">Blue Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chetniks" title="Chetniks">Chetniks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Armed_Forces_(Independent_State_of_Croatia)" title="Croatian Armed Forces (Independent State of Croatia)">Croatian Armed Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_Defence_Forces" title="Finnish Defence Forces">Finnish Defence Forces</a> <small>(until 1944)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Square_(Iraq)" title="Golden Square (Iraq)">Golden Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiwi_(volunteer)" title="Hiwi (volunteer)">Hiwi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalmykian_Cavalry_Corps" title="Kalmykian Cavalry Corps">Kalmykian Cavalry Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_Auxiliary_Police" title="Latvian Auxiliary Police">Latvian Auxiliary Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Committee_of_Azerbaijan" title="National Committee of Azerbaijan">National Committee of Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Republican_Army" title="National Republican Army">National Republican Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Movement_in_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands">National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Armed_Forces" title="Romanian Armed Forces">Romanian Armed Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Hungarian_Army" title="Royal Hungarian Army">Royal Hungarian Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Iraqi_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Iraqi Army">Royal Iraqi Army</a></li> <li>Russian collaborators <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Liberation_Army" title="Russian Liberation Army">Russian Liberation Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_People%27s_Liberation_Army" title="Russian People's Liberation Army">Russian People's Liberation Army</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_Battalions" title="Security Battalions">Security Battalions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Expeditionary_Army_Group" title="Slovak Expeditionary Army Group">Slovak Expeditionary Army Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovene_Home_Guard" title="Slovene Home Guard">Slovene Home Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_Ukrainian_Nationalists" title="Organisation of Ukrainian Nationalists">Organisation of Ukrainian Nationalists</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Insurgent_Army" title="Ukrainian Insurgent Army">Ukrainian Insurgent Army</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waffen-SS_foreign_volunteers_and_conscripts" title="Waffen-SS foreign volunteers and conscripts">Waffen-SS foreign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wehrmacht_foreign_volunteers_and_conscripts" title="Wehrmacht foreign volunteers and conscripts">Wehrmacht foreign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afrika_Korps" title="Afrika Korps">Afrika Korps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_enrolment_in_German-occupied_Poland" title="Military enrolment in German-occupied Poland">Polish Wehrmacht Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostlegionen" title="Ostlegionen">Ostlegionen</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Japanese</a> collaborationists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Arakan Defense Army</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armistice_Army" title="Armistice Army">Armistice Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Columns" title="Black Columns">Black Columns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burma_Independence_Army" title="Burma Independence Army">Burma Independence Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinjiang_Wars" title="Xinjiang Wars">Central Asian collaborators</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Turkestan_independence_movement" title="East Turkestan independence movement">East Turkestan independence movement</a></li></ul></li> <li>Chin Defense Army</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collaborationist_Chinese_Army" title="Collaborationist Chinese Army">Collaborationist Chinese Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defenders_of_the_Homeland" title="Defenders of the Homeland">Defenders of the Homeland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gakutotai" title="Gakutotai">Gakutotai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gando_Special_Force" title="Gando Special Force">Gando Special Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Square_(Iraq)" title="Golden Square (Iraq)">Golden Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heiho" title="Heiho">Heiho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Army" title="Indian National Army">Indian National Army</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Indian_National_Army" title="First Indian National Army">First Indian National Army</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolian_Army" title="Inner Mongolian Army">Inner Mongolian Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_collaborators_with_Imperial_Japan" title="Korean collaborators with Imperial Japan">Korean collaborators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanka_Sama_Samaja_Party" title="Lanka Sama Samaja Party">Lanka Sama Samaja Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makapili" title="Makapili">Makapili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defenders_of_the_Homeland" title="Defenders of the Homeland">Malayan Volunteer Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchukuo_Imperial_Army" title="Manchukuo Imperial Army">Manchukuo Imperial Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Thai_Armed_Forces" title="Royal Thai Armed Forces">Royal Thai Armed Forces</a></li> <li>Russian collaborators <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manchukuo_Imperial_Army" title="Manchukuo Imperial Army">Asano Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Fascist_Party" title="Russian Fascist Party">Russian Fascist Party</a></li></ul></li> <li>Taiwanese collaborators <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Imperial_Japan_Serviceman" title="Taiwanese Imperial Japan Serviceman">Taiwanese Imperial Japan Serviceman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takasago_Volunteers" title="Takasago Volunteers">Takasago Volunteers</a></li></ul></li> <li>Vietnamese collaborators <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vi%E1%BB%87t_Nam_Quang_Ph%E1%BB%A5c_H%E1%BB%99i" title="Việt Nam Quang Phục Hội">Association for the Restoration of Great Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanguard_Youth_(Vietnam)" title="Vanguard Youth (Vietnam)">Vanguard Youth</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists by <a href="/wiki/Axis_countries" class="mw-redirect" title="Axis countries">Axis countries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_in_Albania" title="World War II in Albania">Albania</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_Albania#Collaboration" title="German occupation of Albania">German Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_protectorate_of_Albania_(1939%E2%80%931943)" title="Italian protectorate of Albania (1939–1943)">Italian Albania</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wartime_collaboration_in_the_Baltic_states" title="Wartime collaboration in the Baltic states">Baltic states</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_Estonia_during_World_War_II" title="German occupation of Estonia during World War II">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_Latvia_during_World_War_II" title="German occupation of Latvia during World War II">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_collaboration_with_Nazi_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Lithuanian collaboration with Nazi Germany">Lithuania</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_Belgium_during_World_War_II#Collaboration" title="German occupation of Belgium during World War II">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria_during_World_War_II" title="Bulgaria during World War II">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_Burma" title="State of Burma">Burma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocos_Islands_mutiny" title="Cocos Islands mutiny">Ceylon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Jingwei_regime" title="Wang Jingwei regime">China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Turkestan" title="East Turkestan">East Turkestan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchukuo" title="Manchukuo">Manchukuo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mengjiang" title="Mengjiang">Mongolia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="Independent State of Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denmark_in_World_War_II" title="Denmark in World War II">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland_in_World_War_II" title="Finland in World War II">Finland</a> <small>(until 1944)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vichy_France" title="Vichy France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenic_State_(1941%E2%80%931944)" title="Hellenic State (1941–1944)">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary_in_World_War_II" title="Hungary in World War II">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azad_Hind" title="Azad Hind">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Indochina_in_World_War_II" title="French Indochina in World War II">Indochina</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kampuchea_(1945)" title="Kingdom of Kampuchea (1945)">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Luang_Prabang_(Japanese_puppet_state)" title="Kingdom of Luang Prabang (Japanese puppet state)">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Vietnam" title="Empire of Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_the_Dutch_East_Indies" title="Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1941_Iraqi_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1941 Iraqi coup d'état">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Social_Republic" title="Italian Social Republic">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korea_under_Japanese_rule" title="Korea under Japanese rule">Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourgish_collaboration_with_Nazi_Germany" title="Luxembourgish collaboration with Nazi Germany">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madagascar_in_World_War_II" title="Madagascar in World War II">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Malaya" title="Japanese occupation of Malaya">Malaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands_in_World_War_II#Collaboration" title="Netherlands in World War II">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quisling_regime" title="Quisling regime">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Philippine_Republic" title="Second Philippine Republic">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collaboration_in_German-occupied_Poland" title="Collaboration in German-occupied Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania_in_World_War_II" title="Romania in World War II">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_National_Salvation" title="Government of National Salvation">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Republic_(1939%E2%80%931945)" title="Slovak Republic (1939–1945)">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collaboration_in_the_German-occupied_Soviet_Union" title="Collaboration in the German-occupied Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byelorussian_collaboration_with_Nazi_Germany" title="Byelorussian collaboration with Nazi Germany">Byelorussia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Central_Council" title="Belarusian Central Council">Belarus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1940%E2%80%931944_insurgency_in_Chechnya" title="1940–1944 insurgency in Chechnya">Chechnya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_collaboration_with_Nazi_Germany" title="Ukrainian collaboration with Nazi Germany">Ukraine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spain_during_World_War_II" title="Spain during World War II">Spain</a> <small>(limited)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thailand_in_World_War_II" title="Thailand in World War II">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_under_Japanese_rule" title="Taiwan under Japanese rule">Taiwan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q689339#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q689339#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q689339#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/304644374">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1911768/">FAST</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/7844961-3">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n2013038199">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007400165805171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external 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