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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r963460841">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Siege of Caizhou</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Mongol_conquest_of_the_Jin_dynasty" title="Mongol conquest of the Jin dynasty">Mongol–Jin War</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jin%E2%80%93Song_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Jin–Song Wars">Jin–Song Wars</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>December 1233 – February 9, 1234</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location"><a href="/wiki/Cai_Prefecture" title="Cai Prefecture">Caizhou</a> (present-day <a href="/wiki/Runan_County" title="Runan County">Runan County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">Henan Province</a>, <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Mongol–Song victory</li></ul></div> <ul><li>Emperor Aizong commits suicide</li> <li>Wanyan Chenglin killed in battle</li> <li>Fall of the Jin dynasty</li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/Jin_dynasty_(1115-1234)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jin dynasty (1115-1234)">Jin dynasty</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Mongol_Empire" title="Mongol Empire">Mongol Empire</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Southern_Song_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Song dynasty">Southern Song dynasty</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Aizong_of_Jin" title="Emperor Aizong of Jin">Emperor Aizong of Jin</a> <a href="/wiki/Suicide" title="Suicide"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a><br /><a 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not exist)">Huailai</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhenyou_Rebellion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhenyou Rebellion (page does not exist)">Zhenyou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Zhongdu" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Zhongdu">Zhongdu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dachangyuan" title="Battle of Dachangyuan">Dachangyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Weizhou&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Weizhou (page does not exist)">Weizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Daohuigu" title="Battle of Daohuigu">Daohuigu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sanfengshan" title="Battle of Sanfengshan">Sanfengshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_siege_of_Kaifeng" title="Mongol siege of Kaifeng">Kaifeng</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Caizhou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ögedei_Khan&#039;s_campaigns" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_%C3%96gedei_Khan%27s_Campaigns" title="Template:Campaignbox Ögedei Khan's Campaigns"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_%C3%96gedei_Khan%27s_Campaigns" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Ögedei Khan's Campaigns"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_%C3%96gedei_Khan%27s_Campaigns" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Ögedei Khan's Campaigns"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ögedei_Khan&#039;s_campaigns" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><span style="font-size:96%;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%96gedei_Khan" title="Ögedei Khan">Ögedei Khan</a>'s campaigns</span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasion_of_Volga_Bulgaria" title="Mongol invasion of Volga Bulgaria">Volga Bulgars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_conquest_of_the_Jin_dynasty" title="Mongol conquest of the Jin dynasty">Jin dynasty</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_siege_of_Kaifeng" title="Mongol siege of Kaifeng">Kaifeng</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Caizhou</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_conquest_of_Eastern_Xia" title="Mongol conquest of Eastern Xia">Eastern Liao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasion_of_the_Khwarazmian_Empire" title="Mongol invasion of the Khwarazmian Empire">Khwarazmia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasions_of_Korea" title="Mongol invasions of Korea">Goryeo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasions_of_Georgia" title="Mongol invasions of Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_Armenia" title="Mongol Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasion_of_Kievan_Rus%27" title="Mongol invasion of Kievan Rus'">Kievan Rus'</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Ryazan" title="Siege of Ryazan">Ryazan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Sit_River" title="Battle of the Sit River">Sit River</a></li> <li><br /><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Kozelsk" title="Siege of Kozelsk">Kozelsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Kiev_(1240)" title="Siege of Kiev (1240)">Kiev</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasions_of_Tibet" title="Mongol invasions of Tibet">Tibet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Mongol_invasion_of_Poland" title="First Mongol invasion of Poland">Poland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Legnica" title="Battle of Legnica">Legnica</a></li></ul></li> <li><br /><a href="/wiki/First_Mongol_invasion_of_Hungary" title="First Mongol invasion of Hungary">Hungary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mohi" title="Battle of Mohi">Mohi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasion_of_Bulgaria_and_Serbia" title="Mongol invasion of Bulgaria and Serbia">Bulgaria and Serbia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>The <b>siege of Caizhou</b> in 1233 and 1234 was a battle fought between the <a href="/wiki/Jurchen_people" title="Jurchen people">Jurchen</a>-led <a href="/wiki/Jin_dynasty_(1115%E2%80%931234)" title="Jin dynasty (1115–1234)">Jin dynasty</a> and the allied forces of the <a href="/wiki/Mongol_Empire" title="Mongol Empire">Mongol Empire</a> and <a href="/wiki/Southern_Song_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Song dynasty">Southern Song dynasty</a>. It was the last major battle in the <a href="/wiki/Mongol_conquest_of_the_Jin_dynasty" title="Mongol conquest of the Jin dynasty">Mongol conquest of the Jin dynasty</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Caizhou&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Jin and Mongols had fought for decades beginning in 1211, when the Mongols first invaded under the command of <a href="/wiki/Genghis_Khan" title="Genghis Khan">Genghis Khan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFranke1994252_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFranke1994252-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Jin capital, Zhongdu (present-day <a href="/wiki/Xicheng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Xicheng District">Xicheng</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fengtai_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Fengtai District">Fengtai</a> districts, <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a>), had been besieged in 1213,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAllsen1994351_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllsen1994351-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> then captured by the Mongols in 1215. In the intervening years, the Jin dynasty moved its capital to Bianjing (present-day <a href="/wiki/Kaifeng" title="Kaifeng">Kaifeng</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">Henan Province</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFranke1994254_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFranke1994254-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96gedei_Khan" title="Ögedei Khan">Ögedei Khan</a>, the successor to Genghis Khan, rose to power after his predecessor died in 1227.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAllsen1994265–366_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllsen1994265–366-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1230, the war effort against the Jin dynasty recommenced.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAllsen1994370_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllsen1994370-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Aizong_of_Jin" title="Emperor Aizong of Jin">Emperor Aizong</a>, the Jin ruler, fled when the Mongols <a href="/wiki/Mongol_siege_of_Kaifeng" title="Mongol siege of Kaifeng">besieged Bianjing</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFranke1994264_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFranke1994264-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On February 26, 1233, he reached Guide (present-day <a href="/wiki/Shangqiu" title="Shangqiu">Shangqiu</a>, Henan Province), and then moved on to <a href="/wiki/Caizhou" class="mw-redirect" title="Caizhou">Caizhou</a> (present-day <a href="/wiki/Runan_County" title="Runan County">Runan County</a>, Henan Province),<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFranke1994264_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFranke1994264-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMote1999248_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMote1999248-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on August 3.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFranke1994264_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFranke1994264-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Events">Events</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Caizhou&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Mongols arrived at Caizhou in December 1233. The Southern Song dynasty had rebuffed Emperor Aizong's plea for assistance, and joined forces with the Mongols. The Southern Song dynasty ignored Emperor Aizong's warning that they would become the Mongol Empire's next target.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFranke1994264_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFranke1994264-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Emperor Aizong tried to escape, but eventually committed suicide when he realised that the likelihood of escaping from Caizhou was no longer plausible.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFranke1994264_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFranke1994264-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Before his death, he had abdicated his throne to <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Mo_of_Jin" title="Emperor Mo of Jin">Wanyan Chenglin</a>, a general and descendant of the Jin imperial clan, on February 9, 1234. Caizhou was breached by Mongol and Song forces on the same day,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFranke1994264_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFranke1994264-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Wanyan Chenglin died in the ensuing melee, ending a reign that spanned less than a day.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFranke1994264_6-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFranke1994264-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMote1999215_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMote1999215-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Caizhou&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Jin dynasty came to a close with the fall of Caizhou.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFranke1994265_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFranke1994265-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Southern Song dynasty was eager to exploit the destruction of the Jin dynasty by annexing Henan. They did not succeed and were repelled by the Mongols.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAllsen1994372_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllsen1994372-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Caizhou&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Caizhou&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFranke1994252-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFranke1994252_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFranke1994">Franke 1994</a>, p. 252.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn error: no target: CITEREFFranke1994 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllsen1994351-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAllsen1994351_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAllsen1994">Allsen 1994</a>, p. 351.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn error: no target: CITEREFAllsen1994 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFranke1994254-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFranke1994254_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFranke1994">Franke 1994</a>, p. 254.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn error: no target: CITEREFFranke1994 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllsen1994265–366-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAllsen1994265–366_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAllsen1994">Allsen 1994</a>, pp. 265–366.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn error: no target: CITEREFAllsen1994 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllsen1994370-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAllsen1994370_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAllsen1994">Allsen 1994</a>, p. 370.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn error: no target: CITEREFAllsen1994 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFranke1994264-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFranke1994264_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFranke1994264_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFranke1994264_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFranke1994264_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFranke1994264_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFranke1994264_6-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFranke1994264_6-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFranke1994">Franke 1994</a>, p. 264.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn error: no target: CITEREFFranke1994 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMote1999248-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMote1999248_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMote1999">Mote 1999</a>, p. 248.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMote1999215-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMote1999215_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMote1999">Mote 1999</a>, p. 215.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFranke1994265-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFranke1994265_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFranke1994">Franke 1994</a>, p. 265.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn error: no target: CITEREFFranke1994 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllsen1994372-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAllsen1994372_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAllsen1994">Allsen 1994</a>, p. 372.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn error: no target: CITEREFAllsen1994 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Caizhou&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Books cited</dt></dl> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAllsen1994" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_T._Allsen" title="Thomas T. Allsen">Allsen, Thomas</a> (1994). "The rise of the Mongolian empire and Mongolian rule in north China". In <a href="/wiki/Denis_Twitchett" title="Denis Twitchett">Twitchett, Dennis</a>; <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Franke_(sinologist)" title="Herbert Franke (sinologist)">Franke, Herbert</a> (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iN9Tdfdap5MC"><i>The Cambridge History of China, Volume 6: Alien Regimes and Border States, 907–1368</i></a>. Cambridge: <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. pp. 321–413. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-24331-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-24331-5"><bdi>978-0-521-24331-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+rise+of+the+Mongolian+empire+and+Mongolian+rule+in+north+China&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+History+of+China%2C+Volume+6%3A+Alien+Regimes+and+Border+States%2C+907%E2%80%931368&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=321-413&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-521-24331-5&rft.aulast=Allsen&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DiN9Tdfdap5MC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASiege+of+Caizhou" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFranke1994" class="citation book cs1">Franke, Herbert (1994). "The Chin dynasty". In <a href="/wiki/Denis_Twitchett" title="Denis Twitchett">Twitchett, Dennis</a>; <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Franke_(sinologist)" title="Herbert Franke (sinologist)">Franke, Herbert</a> (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iN9Tdfdap5MC"><i>The Cambridge History of China, Volume 6: Alien Regimes and Border States, 907–1368</i></a>. Cambridge: <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. pp. 215–320. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-24331-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-24331-5"><bdi>978-0-521-24331-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Chin+dynasty&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+History+of+China%2C+Volume+6%3A+Alien+Regimes+and+Border+States%2C+907%E2%80%931368&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=215-320&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-521-24331-5&rft.aulast=Franke&rft.aufirst=Herbert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DiN9Tdfdap5MC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASiege+of+Caizhou" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMote1999" class="citation book cs1">Mote, Frederick W. (1999). <i>Imperial China: 900–1800</i>. Harvard University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-674-44515-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-674-44515-5"><bdi>0-674-44515-5</bdi></a>. (hardcover); <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-01212-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-01212-7">978-0-674-01212-7</a> (paperback).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Imperial+China%3A+900%E2%80%931800&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-674-44515-5&rft.aulast=Mote&rft.aufirst=Frederick+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASiege+of+Caizhou" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Jin_dynasty_(1115–1234)_topics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Jin_dynasty_(1115%E2%80%931234)_topics" title="Template:Jin dynasty (1115–1234) topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Jin_dynasty_(1115%E2%80%931234)_topics" title="Template talk:Jin dynasty (1115–1234) topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Jin_dynasty_(1115%E2%80%931234)_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Jin dynasty (1115–1234) topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Jin_dynasty_(1115–1234)_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Jin_dynasty_(1115%E2%80%931234)" title="Jin dynasty (1115–1234)">Jin dynasty (1115–1234)</a> topics</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_Conducted_at_Sea" title="Alliance Conducted at Sea">Alliance Conducted at Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_the_Jin_dynasty_(1115%E2%80%931234)" title="Military of the Jin dynasty (1115–1234)">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jin%E2%80%93Song_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Jin–Song Wars">Jin–Song Wars</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Jin%E2%80%93Song_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of the Jin–Song Wars">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingkang_incident" title="Jingkang incident">Jingkang incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Huangtiandang" title="Battle of Huangtiandang">Huangtiandang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Yancheng" title="Battle of Yancheng">Yancheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tangdao" title="Battle of Tangdao">Tangdao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Caishi" title="Battle of Caishi">Caishi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Shaoxing" title="Treaty of Shaoxing">Treaty of Shaoxing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1194_Yellow_River_flood" title="1194 Yellow River flood">1194 Yellow River flood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_conquest_of_the_Jin_dynasty" title="Mongol conquest of the Jin dynasty">Mongol conquest of the Jin dynasty</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Yehuling" title="Battle of Yehuling">Yehuling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dachangyuan" title="Battle of Dachangyuan">Dachangyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Daohuigu" title="Battle of Daohuigu">Daohuigu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sanfengshan" title="Battle of Sanfengshan">Sanfengshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_siege_of_Kaifeng" title="Mongol siege of Kaifeng">Kaifeng</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Caizhou</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jurchen_people" title="Jurchen people">Jurchen people</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wanyan_clan" class="mw-redirect" title="Wanyan clan">Wanyan clan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiaochao" title="Jiaochao">Jiaochao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jin_dynasty_coinage_(1115%E2%80%931234)" title="Jin dynasty coinage (1115–1234)">Jin dynasty coinage (1115–1234)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huining_Prefecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Huining Prefecture">Huining Prefecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongdu" title="Zhongdu">Zhongdu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanqing_Temple" title="Yanqing Temple">Yanqing Temple</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zhaocheng_Jin_Tripitaka" title="Zhaocheng Jin Tripitaka">Zhaocheng Jin Tripitaka</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/History_of_Jin" title="History of Jin">History of Jin</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Caizhou&oldid=1256106487">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Caizhou&oldid=1256106487</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a 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