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class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Steve_Jobs_at_Apple_iPad_Event.jpg/220px-Steve_Jobs_at_Apple_iPad_Event.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Steve_Jobs_at_Apple_iPad_Event.jpg/330px-Steve_Jobs_at_Apple_iPad_Event.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Steve_Jobs_at_Apple_iPad_Event.jpg/440px-Steve_Jobs_at_Apple_iPad_Event.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1437" data-file-height="961" /></a><figcaption>Steve Jobs in January 2010, a few months before the publication of "Thoughts on Flash"</figcaption></figure> <p>"<b>Thoughts on Flash</b>" is an <a href="/wiki/Open_letter" title="Open letter">open letter</a> published by <a href="/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs">Steve Jobs</a>, co-founder and then-chief executive officer of <a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple Inc.</a>, on April 29, 2010. The letter criticizes <a href="/wiki/Adobe_Systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Adobe Systems">Adobe Systems</a>' <a href="/wiki/Adobe_Flash" title="Adobe Flash">Flash</a> platform and outlines reasons why the technology would not be allowed on Apple's <a href="/wiki/IOS" title="IOS">iOS</a> hardware products. The letter drew accusations of falsehood, hypocrisy, and ulterior motive. In retrospect many publications came to agree with Jobs. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Letter">Letter</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thoughts_on_Flash&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Letter"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On April 29, 2010, <a href="/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs">Steve Jobs</a>, the co-founder and then-chief executive officer of <a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple Inc.</a>, published an open letter called "Thoughts on Flash" explaining why Apple would not allow Flash on the <a href="/wiki/IPhone" title="IPhone">iPhone</a>, <a href="/wiki/IPod_Touch" title="IPod Touch">iPod Touch</a> and <a href="/wiki/IPad" title="IPad">iPad</a>. He cited the rapid energy consumption, computer <a href="/wiki/Crash_(computing)" title="Crash (computing)">crashes</a>, poor performance on mobile devices, abysmal security, lack of touch support, and desire to avoid "a third party layer of software coming between the platform and the developer". He touched on the idea of Flash being "open", claiming "by almost any definition, Flash is a closed system". Jobs dismissed the idea that Apple customers are missing out by being sold devices without Flash compatibility by quoting a number of statistics, concluding with "Flash is no longer necessary to watch video or consume any kind of web content."<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Response">Response</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thoughts_on_Flash&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Response"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The letter drew immediate attention. In response to Jobs' accusations, Adobe's CEO <a href="/wiki/Shantanu_Narayen" title="Shantanu Narayen">Shantanu Narayen</a> described the open letter as an "extraordinary attack", and, during an interview with <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a></i>, called the problems mentioned by Jobs' "really a smokescreen". He further fired back at Apple, stating that computer crashes were due to Apple's operating system, and that allegations of battery drain were "patently false".<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Various publications had different opinions on the topic. <i><a href="/wiki/Wired_(website)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wired (website)">Wired</a></i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s Brian Chen had in a 2009 article claimed Apple would not allow Flash on the iPhone for business reasons, due to the technology being able to divert users away from the <a href="/wiki/App_Store_(iOS)" class="mw-redirect" title="App Store (iOS)">App Store</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> John Sullivan of <i><a href="/wiki/Ars_Technica" title="Ars Technica">Ars Technica</a></i> agreed with Jobs, but highlighted the hypocrisy in his reasoning, writing: "every criticism he makes of Adobe's proprietary approach applies equally to Apple".<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dan Rayburn of <i><a href="/wiki/Business_Insider" title="Business Insider">Business Insider</a></i> accused Steve Jobs of lying, particularly the sentiment that most content on the Internet is available in a different format.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Retrospectively, more publications have agreed with Jobs. Ryan Lawler of <i><a href="/wiki/TechCrunch" title="TechCrunch">TechCrunch</a></i> wrote in 2012 "Jobs was right", adding <a href="/wiki/Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android</a> users had poor experiences with watching Flash content and interactive Flash experiences were "often wonky or didn't perform well, even on high-powered phones".<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mike Isaac of <i><a href="/wiki/Wired_(magazine)" title="Wired (magazine)">Wired</a></i> wrote in 2011 that "In [our] testing of multiple Flash-compatible devices, choppiness and browser crashes were common", and a former Adobe employee stated "Flash is a resource hog [...] It's a battery drain, and it's unreliable on mobile web browsers".<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kyle Wagner of <i><a href="/wiki/Gizmodo" title="Gizmodo">Gizmodo</a></i> wrote in 2011 that "Adobe was never really able to smooth over performance, battery, and security issues".<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="iOS_development">iOS development</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thoughts_on_Flash&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: iOS development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In April 2010, Apple announced changes to its iPhone Developer Agreement, with details on new developer restrictions, particularly that only apps built using "approved" programming languages would be allowed on the App Store. The change impacted a number of companies that had developed tools for <a href="/wiki/Porting" title="Porting">porting</a> applications from their respective languages into native iPhone apps, with the most prominent example being Adobe's "Packager for iPhone", an iOS development tool in <a href="/wiki/Beta_version" class="mw-redirect" title="Beta version">beta</a> at the time.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> quoted an Adobe supporter alleging the policy to be anti-competitive.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On May 3, 2010, <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Post" title="New York Post">New York Post</a></i> reported that the US <a href="/wiki/Federal_Trade_Commission" title="Federal Trade Commission">Federal Trade Commission</a> (FTC) and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice" title="United States Department of Justice">United States Department of Justice</a> (DOJ) were deciding which agency would launch an antitrust investigation into the matter.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In September 2010, after having "listened to our developers and taken much of their feedback to heart", Apple removed the restrictions on third-party tools, languages and frameworks, and again allowing the deployment of Flash applications on iOS using Adobe's iOS Packager.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On November 8, 2011, Adobe announced that it was ceasing development of the Flash Player plug-in for web browsers on mobile devices, and shifting its focus toward building tools to develop applications for mobile app stores.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2021, former Apple head of software engineering <a href="/wiki/Scott_Forstall" title="Scott Forstall">Scott Forstall</a> said in a taped deposition in the <a href="/wiki/Epic_Games_v._Apple" title="Epic Games v. Apple">Epic Games v. Apple</a> lawsuit that Apple had once helped Adobe try to port Flash for iPhone and iPad. Performance was "abysmal and embarrassing", and Apple never allowed Flash to be released for iOS.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Flash_end_of_life">Flash end of life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thoughts_on_Flash&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Flash end of life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Adobe_Flash#End_of_life" title="Adobe Flash">Adobe Flash § End of life</a></div> <p>In July 2017, Adobe announced its intention to discontinue Flash (including security updates) altogether by the year 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of December 31, 2020, Flash support has ended. Adobe blocked Flash content from running in Flash Player beginning January 12, 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thoughts_on_Flash&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_HTML5_and_Flash" title="Comparison of HTML5 and Flash">Comparison of HTML5 and Flash</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thoughts_on_Flash&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFJobs2010" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs">Jobs, Steve</a> (April 29, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170615060422/https://www.apple.com/hotnews/thoughts-on-flash/">"Thoughts on Flash"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple Inc.</a></i> Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.apple.com/hotnews/thoughts-on-flash/">the original</a> on June 15, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 3,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Verge&rft.atitle=Adobe+will+finally+kill+Flash+in+2020&rft.date=2017-07-25&rft.aulast=Warren&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theverge.com%2F2017%2F7%2F25%2F16026236%2Fadobe-flash-end-of-support-2020&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThoughts+on+Flash" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarrett2017" class="citation web cs1">Barrett, Brian (July 25, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wired.com/story/adobe-finally-kills-flash-dead/">"Adobe finally kills Flash dead"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Wired_(website)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wired (website)">Wired</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Cond%C3%A9_Nast" title="Condé Nast">Condé Nast</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 3,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Wired&rft.atitle=Adobe+finally+kills+Flash+dead&rft.date=2017-07-25&rft.aulast=Barrett&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wired.com%2Fstory%2Fadobe-finally-kills-flash-dead%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThoughts+on+Flash" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.adobe.com/products/flashplayer/end-of-life.html">"Adobe Flash Player EOL General Information Page"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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format">File<br />formats</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ActionScript" title="ActionScript">ActionScript</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(AS)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_Message_Format" title="Action Message Format">Action Message Format</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(AMF)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flash_Video" title="Flash Video">Flash Video</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(FLV)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FXG" title="FXG">Flash XML Graphics</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(FXG)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_shared_object" title="Local shared object">Local shared objects</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(LSOs)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MXML" title="MXML">MXML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SWF" title="SWF">Flash Movie</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(SWF)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adobe_SWC_file" title="Adobe SWC file">Flash Code Library</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(SWC)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Software<br />(<a href="/wiki/List_of_Adobe_Flash_software" title="List of Adobe Flash software">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Players</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adobe_AIR" title="Adobe AIR">Adobe AIR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adobe_Flash_Player" title="Adobe Flash Player">Adobe Flash Player</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gameswf" title="Gameswf">Gameswf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gnash_(software)" title="Gnash (software)">Gnash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lightspark" title="Lightspark">Lightspark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruffle_(software)" title="Ruffle (software)">Ruffle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamarin_(software)" title="Tamarin (software)">Tamarin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_2D_animation_software" title="List of 2D animation software">Animation<br />tools</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adobe_Animate" title="Adobe Animate">Adobe Animate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toon_Boom_Animation" class="mw-redirect" title="Toon Boom Animation">Toon Boom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moho_(Anime_Studio)" class="mw-redirect" title="Moho (Anime Studio)">Moho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stencyl" title="Stencyl">Stencyl</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_development_environment" title="Integrated development environment">Programming<br />tools</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Powerflasher_FDT" title="Powerflasher FDT">Powerflasher FDT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Flex" title="Apache Flex">Apache Flex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haxe" title="Haxe">Haxe</a> (<a href="/wiki/OpenFL" title="OpenFL">OpenFL</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CrossBridge" title="CrossBridge">CrossBridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adobe_Scout" title="Adobe Scout">Adobe Scout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firebug_(software)#FlashFirebug" title="Firebug (software)">FlashFirebug</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Library_(computing)" title="Library (computing)">Libraries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Starling_Framework" title="Starling Framework">Starling Framework</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Away3D" title="Away3D">Away3D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flare3D" title="Flare3D">Flare3D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stage3D" title="Stage3D">Stage3D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ming_library" title="Ming library">Ming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Flex_frameworks" title="List of Flex frameworks">List of Flex frameworks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Converters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adobe_Flash_Media_Live_Encoder" title="Adobe Flash Media Live Encoder">Adobe Flash Media Live Encoder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SWFTools" title="SWFTools">SWFTools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swfmill" title="Swfmill">swfmill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Swiffy" title="Google Swiffy">Google Swiffy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adobe_Wallaby" title="Adobe Wallaby">Adobe Wallaby</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Server-side</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adobe_Flash_Media_Server" class="mw-redirect" title="Adobe Flash Media Server">Adobe Flash Media Server</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Obsolete<br />software</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adobe_Flash_Builder" title="Adobe Flash Builder">Adobe Flash Builder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adobe_Flash_Catalyst" title="Adobe Flash Catalyst">Adobe Flash Catalyst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adobe_Flash_Lite" title="Adobe Flash Lite">Adobe Flash Lite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SWFObject" title="SWFObject">SWFObject</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTASC" title="MTASC">MTASC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scaleform_GFx" title="Scaleform GFx">Scaleform GFx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SWiSH_Max" title="SWiSH Max">SWiSH Max</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swift_3D" title="Swift 3D">Swift 3D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papervision3D" title="Papervision3D">Papervision3D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajax_Animator" title="Ajax Animator">Ajax Animator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shumway_(software)" title="Shumway (software)">Shumway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swfdec" title="Swfdec">Swfdec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenLaszlo" title="OpenLaszlo">OpenLaszlo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related<br />topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_HTML5_and_Flash" title="Comparison of HTML5 and Flash">Comparison of HTML5 and Flash</a></li> <li>"<a class="mw-selflink selflink">Thoughts on Flash</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flash_animation" title="Flash animation">Flash animation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Flash_animated_films" title="List of Flash animated films">films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Flash_animated_television_series" title="List of Flash animated television series">television</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_Streaming" title="Protected Streaming">Protected Streaming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real-Time_Messaging_Protocol" title="Real-Time Messaging Protocol">Real-Time Messaging Protocol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real-Time_Media_Flow_Protocol" title="Real-Time Media Flow Protocol">Real-Time Media Flow Protocol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Developers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FutureWave_Software" title="FutureWave Software">FutureWave Software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macromedia" title="Macromedia">Macromedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adobe_Inc." title="Adobe Inc.">Adobe Inc.</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Adobe_Flash" title="Category:Adobe Flash">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Steve_Jobs" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Steve_Jobs" title="Template:Steve Jobs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Steve_Jobs" title="Template talk:Steve Jobs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Steve_Jobs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Steve Jobs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Steve_Jobs" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs">Steve Jobs</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Career</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Steve_Jobs_media" title="Timeline of Steve Jobs media">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple Computer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Apple_Inc.#1975–1985:_Jobs_and_Wozniak" title="History of Apple Inc.">history</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh#History" class="mw-redirect" title="Macintosh">Macintosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NeXT" title="NeXT">NeXT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixar" title="Pixar">Pixar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Jobs#Return_to_Apple" title="Steve Jobs">Return to Apple</a></li> <li>"<a class="mw-selflink selflink">Thoughts on Flash</a>"</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Steve_Jobs_Headshot_2010-CROP.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Steve_Jobs_Headshot_2010-CROP.jpg/100px-Steve_Jobs_Headshot_2010-CROP.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Steve_Jobs_Headshot_2010-CROP.jpg/150px-Steve_Jobs_Headshot_2010-CROP.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Steve_Jobs_Headshot_2010-CROP.jpg/200px-Steve_Jobs_Headshot_2010-CROP.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3259" data-file-height="3194" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legacy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_depictions_of_Steve_Jobs" title="List of depictions of Steve Jobs">Depictions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Jobs#Honors_and_awards" title="Steve Jobs">Honors and public recognition</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Books about</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Little_Kingdom" title="The Little Kingdom">The Little Kingdom</a></i> (1984)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Second_Coming_of_Steve_Jobs" title="The Second Coming of Steve Jobs">The Second Coming of Steve Jobs</a></i> (2000)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/ICon" title="ICon">iCon</a></i> (2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Steve_Jobs_(book)" title="Steve Jobs (book)">Steve Jobs</a></i> (2011)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Bite_in_the_Apple" title="The Bite in the Apple">The Bite in the Apple</a></i> (2013)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Becoming_Steve_Jobs" title="Becoming Steve Jobs">Becoming Steve Jobs</a></i> (2015)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Designed_by_Apple_in_California" title="Designed by Apple in California">Designed by Apple in California</a></i> (2016)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Small_Fry_(memoir)" title="Small Fry (memoir)">Small Fry</a></i> (2018)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Make_Something_Wonderful" title="Make Something Wonderful">Make Something Wonderful</a></i> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films about</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Triumph_of_the_Nerds" title="Triumph of the Nerds">Triumph of the Nerds</a></i> (1996)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pirates_of_Silicon_Valley" title="Pirates of Silicon Valley">Pirates of Silicon Valley</a></i> (1999)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Steve_Jobs:_The_Lost_Interview" title="Steve Jobs: The Lost Interview">Steve Jobs: The Lost Interview</a></i> (2012)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/ISteve" title="ISteve">ISteve</a></i> (2013)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jobs_(film)" title="Jobs (film)">Jobs</a></i> (2013)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Steve_Jobs_(film)" title="Steve Jobs (film)">Steve Jobs</a></i> (2015)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Steve_Jobs:_The_Man_in_the_Machine" title="Steve Jobs: The Man in the Machine">Steve Jobs: The Man in the Machine</a></i> (2015)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Laurene_Powell_Jobs" title="Laurene Powell Jobs">Laurene Powell Jobs</a> (wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mona_Simpson" title="Mona Simpson">Mona Simpson</a> (sister)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrisann_Brennan" title="Chrisann Brennan">Chrisann Brennan</a> (mother of his first child)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisa_Brennan-Jobs" title="Lisa Brennan-Jobs">Lisa Brennan-Jobs</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eve_Jobs" title="Eve Jobs">Eve Jobs</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reed_Jobs" title="Reed Jobs">Reed Jobs</a> (son)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stevenote" title="Stevenote">Stevenote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reality_distortion_field" title="Reality distortion field">Reality distortion field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackling_House" title="Jackling House">Jackling House</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_(R)evolution_of_Steve_Jobs" title="The (R)evolution of Steve Jobs">The (R)evolution of Steve Jobs</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seva_Foundation" title="Seva Foundation">Seva Foundation</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Son_of_a_Migrant_from_Syria" title="The Son of a Migrant from Syria">The Son of a Migrant from Syria</a></i> (2015 mural)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venus_(yacht)" title="Venus (yacht)"><i>Venus</i> yacht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_(advertisement)" title="1984 (advertisement)"><i>1984</i> commercial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Think_different" title="Think different">Think different</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Wozniak" title="Steve Wozniak">Steve Wozniak</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> 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