CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Steve Jobs - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"58900ac3-9570-409a-b62a-53ed332357e6","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Steve_Jobs","wgTitle":"Steve Jobs","wgCurRevisionId":1276084268,"wgRevisionId":1276084268,"wgArticleId":7412236,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments","CS1 Italian-language sources (it)","Webarchive template wayback links","Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from April 2017","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages","Use American English from March 2015","All Wikipedia articles written in American English","Use mdy dates from January 2024","Biography with signature","Articles with hCards", "Articles containing Arabic-language text","Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2013","All articles containing potentially dated statements","Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images","Articles containing potentially dated statements from April 2015","Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia","Steve Jobs","1955 births","2011 deaths","20th-century American Buddhists","20th-century American businesspeople","20th-century American inventors","21st-century American Buddhists","21st-century American businesspeople","21st-century American inventors","American adoptees","American animated film producers","American billionaires","American chairpersons of corporations","American computer businesspeople","American film studio executives","American financiers","American industrial designers","American investors","American mass media owners","American people of German descent","American people of Swiss descent","American people of Swiss-German descent", "American people of Syrian descent","American psychedelic drug advocates","American technology chief executives","American technology company founders","American Zen Buddhists","Atari people","Businesspeople from Palo Alto, California","Businesspeople from San Francisco","Businesspeople in software","Computer designers","Deaths from pancreatic cancer in California","Directors of Apple Inc.","Directors of The Walt Disney Company","Disney executives","Film producers from California","Gap Inc. people","Homestead High School (California) alumni","Internet pioneers","Inventors from California","Liver transplant recipients","Mass media people from San Francisco","National Medal of Technology recipients","NeXT people","People from Cupertino, California","People from Los Altos, California","People from Mountain View, California","Personal computing","Philanthropists from California","Pixar people","Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients","Spokespersons","Technicians"],"wgPageViewLanguage": "en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Steve_Jobs","wgRelevantArticleId":7412236,"wgIsProbablyEditable":false,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":false,"wgRestrictionEdit":["autoconfirmed"],"wgRestrictionMove":["autoconfirmed"],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":200000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q19837","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands", "architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP", "ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.16"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Steve_Jobs_Headshot_2010-CROP_%28cropped_2%29.jpg/1200px-Steve_Jobs_Headshot_2010-CROP_%28cropped_2%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1162"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Steve_Jobs_Headshot_2010-CROP_%28cropped_2%29.jpg/800px-Steve_Jobs_Headshot_2010-CROP_%28cropped_2%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="774"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Steve_Jobs_Headshot_2010-CROP_%28cropped_2%29.jpg/640px-Steve_Jobs_Headshot_2010-CROP_%28cropped_2%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="619"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Steve Jobs - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Jobs"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Jobs"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Steve_Jobs rootpage-Steve_Jobs skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Main menu </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z">Main page</a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia">Contents</a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events">Current events</a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x">Random article</a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works">About Wikipedia</a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia">Contact us</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia">Help</a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia">Learn to edit</a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors">Community portal</a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r">Recent changes</a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia">Upload file</a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages">Special pages</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"> Search </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Appearance </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class="">Donate</a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Steve+Jobs" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class="">Create account</a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Steve+Jobs" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class="">Log in</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Personal tools </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en">Donate</a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Steve+Jobs" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"> Create account</a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Steve+Jobs" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"> Log in</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing">learn more</a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y">Contributions</a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Early_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 Early life </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Early_life-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Early life subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Early_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Family" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Family"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.1 Family </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Family-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Infancy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Infancy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Infancy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Infancy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Childhood" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Childhood"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 Childhood </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Childhood-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Homestead_High" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Homestead_High"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 Homestead High </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Homestead_High-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reed_College" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reed_College"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5 Reed College </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reed_College-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1974–1985" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1974–1985"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 1974–1985 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-1974–1985-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle 1974–1985 subsection </button> <ul id="toc-1974–1985-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pre-Apple" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pre-Apple"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Pre-Apple </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pre-Apple-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Apple_(1976–1985)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Apple_(1976–1985)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Apple (1976–1985) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Apple_(1976–1985)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1985–1997" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1985–1997"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 1985–1997 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-1985–1997-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle 1985–1997 subsection </button> <ul id="toc-1985–1997-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-NeXT_computer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#NeXT_computer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 NeXT computer </div> </a> <ul id="toc-NeXT_computer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pixar_and_Disney" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pixar_and_Disney"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Pixar and Disney </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pixar_and_Disney-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1997–2011" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1997–2011"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 1997–2011 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-1997–2011-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle 1997–2011 subsection </button> <ul id="toc-1997–2011-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Return_to_Apple" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Return_to_Apple"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Return to Apple </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Return_to_Apple-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Health_problems" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health_problems"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Health problems </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Health_problems-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Health problems subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Health_problems-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Resignation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Resignation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Resignation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Resignation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Death </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Innovations_and_designs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Innovations_and_designs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Innovations and designs </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Innovations_and_designs-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Innovations and designs subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Innovations_and_designs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Apple_I" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Apple_I"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Apple I </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Apple_I-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Apple_II" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Apple_II"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Apple II </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Apple_II-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lisa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lisa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Lisa </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lisa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Macintosh" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Macintosh"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.4 Macintosh </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Macintosh-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-NeXT_Computer_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#NeXT_Computer_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.5 NeXT Computer </div> </a> <ul id="toc-NeXT_Computer_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-iMac" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#iMac"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.6 iMac </div> </a> <ul id="toc-iMac-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-iTunes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#iTunes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.7 iTunes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-iTunes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-iPod" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#iPod"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.8 iPod </div> </a> <ul id="toc-iPod-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-iPhone" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#iPhone"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.9 iPhone </div> </a> <ul id="toc-iPhone-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-iPad" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#iPad"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.10 iPad </div> </a> <ul id="toc-iPad-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Personal life </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Personal life subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Marriage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marriage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Marriage </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marriage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Family_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Family_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Family </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Family_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Philanthropy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Philanthropy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 Philanthropy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Philanthropy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Honors_and_awards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Honors_and_awards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Honors and awards </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Honors_and_awards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 In popular culture </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 References </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle References subsection </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.1 Bibliography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Steve Jobs</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 167 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-167" aria-hidden="true" > 167 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Steve Jobs" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Acèh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Steve Jobs" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Steve Jobs" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%B5%E1%89%B2%E1%89%AD_%E1%8C%86%E1%89%A5%E1%88%B5" title="ስቲቭ ጆብስ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ስቲቭ ጆብስ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Steve Jobs" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%8F%D1%8C%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%81,_%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2" title="Џьобс, Стив – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Џьобс, Стив" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Аԥсшәа</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%81_%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B2" title="ستيف جوبز – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ستيف جوبز" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Steve Jobs" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%A9%D5%AB%D6%82_%D5%83%D5%B8%D5%BA%D5%A6" title="Սթիւ Ճոպզ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Սթիւ Ճոպզ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Steve Jobs" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Arpetan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AD_%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%A6%9B" title="ষ্টীভ জব্‌ছ – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ষ্টীভ জব্‌ছ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Steve Jobs" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Steve Jobs" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stiv_Cobs" title="Stiv Cobs – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Stiv Cobs" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%88_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B2" title="استیو جابز – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="استیو جابز" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Steve Jobs" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AD_%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B8" title="স্টিভ জবস – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="স্টিভ জবস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Steve Jobs" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Steve Jobs" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Banyumasan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%81" title="Стив Джобс – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Стив Джобс" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%9E_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%81" title="Стыў Джобс – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Стыў Джобс" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%9E_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%81" title="Стыў Джобс – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Стыў Джобс" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Steve Jobs" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Steve Jobs" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bislama</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%81" title="Стив Джобс – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Стив Джобс" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%8F%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A7%E0%BE%A5%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%94%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8D" title="སེ་ཏེའི་ཧྥུ་འོ་པོ་སེ། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="སེ་ཏེའི་ཧྥུ་འོ་པོ་སེ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target">བོད་ཡིག</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Steve Jobs" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Steve Jobs" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Steve Jobs" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%81_%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2" title="Джобс Стив – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Джобс Стив" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Steve Jobs" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Steve Jobs" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target">Corsu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Steve Jobs" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Steve Jobs" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%8A%DA%A4_%D8%AF%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B2" title="ستيڤ دجوبز – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="ستيڤ دجوبز" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Steve Jobs" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Davvisámegiella</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Steve Jobs" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deitsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Steve Jobs" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Steve Jobs" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dolnoserbski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Steve Jobs" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%B2_%CE%A4%CE%B6%CE%BF%CE%BC%CF%80%CF%82" title="Στηβ Τζομπς – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Στηβ Τζομπς" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Steve Jobs" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Steve Jobs" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Steve Jobs" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target">Estremeñu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Steve Jobs" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%88_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B2" title="استیو جابز – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="استیو جابز" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Steve Jobs" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Steve Jobs" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Steve Jobs" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Steve Jobs" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Steve Jobs" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Steve Jobs" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Steve Jobs" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="Steve Jobs" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target">गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Steve Jobs" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%ED%8B%B0%EB%B8%8C_%EC%9E%A1%EC%8A%A4" title="스티브 잡스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="스티브 잡스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Steve Jobs" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs – Hawaiian" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Steve Jobs" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaiian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hawaiʻi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%A9%D5%AB%D5%BE_%D5%8B%D5%B8%D5%A2%D5%BD" title="Սթիվ Ջոբս – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սթիվ Ջոբս" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="स्टीव जॉब्स – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="स्टीव जॉब्स" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Steve Jobs" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Steve Jobs" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Steve Jobs" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Steve Jobs" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Steve Jobs" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Steve Jobs" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Steve Jobs" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%99%D7%91_%D7%92%27%D7%95%D7%91%D7%A1" title="סטיב ג'ובס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סטיב ג'ובס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Steve Jobs" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%B5%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AC%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಸ್ಟೀವ್ ಜಾಬ್ಸ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಸ್ಟೀವ್ ಜಾಬ್ಸ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Steve Jobs" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%95_%E1%83%AF%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="სტივ ჯობსი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სტივ ჯობსი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%B9%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B2" title="سٹیون جابز – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="سٹیون جابز" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target">कॉशुर / کٲشُر</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%81" title="Стив Джобс – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Стив Джобс" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Steve Jobs" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Steve Jobs" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Steve Jobs" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Steve Jobs" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2_%D0%96%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%81" title="Стив Жобс – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Стив Жобс" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Steve Jobs" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladino</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%9F_%E0%BA%88%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%AA%E0%BB%8C" title="ສະຕີຟ ຈອບສ໌ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ສະຕີຟ ຈອບສ໌" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target">ລາວ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephanus_Jobs" title="Stephanus Jobs – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Stephanus Jobs" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%C4%ABvs_D%C5%BEobss" title="Stīvs Džobss – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Stīvs Džobss" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Steve Jobs" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Steve Jobs" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Steve Jobs" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Steve Jobs" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingála</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Steve Jobs" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Steve Jobs" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AD_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="स्टिभ जब्स – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="स्टिभ जब्स" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2_%D0%8F%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%81" title="Стив Џобс – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Стив Џобс" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Steve Jobs" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="സ്റ്റീവ് ജോബ്സ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സ്റ്റീവ് ജോബ്സ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Steve Jobs" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="स्टीव जॉब्स – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="स्टीव जॉब्स" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%95_%E1%83%AF%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="სტივ ჯობსი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="სტივ ჯობსი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%81_%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B2" title="ستيف جوبز – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ستيف جوبز" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%88_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B2" title="استیو جابز – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="استیو جابز" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Steve Jobs" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2_%D0%96%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%81" title="Стив Жобс – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Стив Жобс" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%85%E1%80%90%E1%80%AD%E1%80%97%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%82%E1%80%BB%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B7%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA" title="စတိဗ် ဂျော့စ် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="စတိဗ် ဂျော့စ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Steve Jobs" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AD_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="स्टिभ जब्स – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="स्टिभ जब्स" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AD_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="स्टीभ जब्स – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="स्टीभ जब्स" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B9%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%96%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A7%E3%83%96%E3%82%BA" title="スティーブ・ジョブズ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="スティーブ・ジョブズ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Steve Jobs" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Steve Jobs" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Steve Jobs" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nouormand</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Steve Jobs" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B7%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%AD%E0%AD%8D_%E0%AC%9C%E0%AC%AC%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B8" title="ଷ୍ଟିଭ୍ ଜବ୍ସ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଷ୍ଟିଭ୍ ଜବ୍ସ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Steve Jobs" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%9F%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B5_%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC" title="ਸਟੀਵ ਜੌਬਜ਼ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸਟੀਵ ਜੌਬਜ਼" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs – Pangasinan" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Steve Jobs" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="Pangasinan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pangasinan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%B9%DB%8C%D9%88_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B2" title="سٹیو جابز – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="سٹیو جابز" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Steve Jobs" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%BC%D9%8A%D9%81_%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B2" title="سټيف جوبز – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="سټيف جوبز" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9C_%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8D" title="ស្ទីវ ចបស៍ – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ស្ទីវ ចបស៍" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target">ភាសាខ្មែរ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Steve Jobs" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Steve Jobs" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Steve Jobs" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stiv_Djobs" title="Stiv Djobs – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Stiv Djobs" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qaraqalpaqsha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Steve Jobs" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Steve Jobs" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%81,_%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2" title="Джобс, Стив – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Джобс, Стив" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2_%D0%94%D1%8C%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%81" title="Стив Дьобс – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Стив Дьобс" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="स्टीव जाब्स – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="स्टीव जाब्स" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%B4%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%B7_%E1%B1%A1%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%BD%E1%B1%A5" title="ᱥᱴᱤᱵᱷ ᱡᱚᱵᱽᱥ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱥᱴᱤᱵᱷ ᱡᱚᱵᱽᱥ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Steve Jobs" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Steve Jobs" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Steve Jobs" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Steve Jobs" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%93%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A" title="ස්ටීව් ජොබ්ස් – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ස්ටීව් ජොබ්ස්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Steve Jobs" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Steve Jobs" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Steve Jobs" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Steve Jobs" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C%DA%A4_%D8%AC%DB%86%D8%A8%D8%B2" title="ستیڤ جۆبز – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ستیڤ جۆبز" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2_%D0%8F%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%81" title="Стив Џобс – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Стив Џобс" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Steve Jobs" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Steve Jobs" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Steve Jobs" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Steve Jobs" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%9C%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D" title="ஸ்டீவ் ஜொப்ஸ் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஸ்டீவ் ஜொப்ஸ்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%81" title="Стив Джобс – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Стив Джобс" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%91%E1%80%AD%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%82%89%E1%81%B5%E1%80%BB%E1%80%BD%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%82%89" title="သထိပ်ႉၵျွပ်ႉ – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="သထိပ်ႉၵျွပ်ႉ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target">ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D" title="స్టీవ్ జాబ్స్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="స్టీవ్ జాబ్స్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9F_%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C" title="สตีฟ จอบส์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สตีฟ จอบส์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2_%D2%B6%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%81" title="Стив Ҷобс – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Стив Ҷобс" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Steve Jobs" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stiw_Jobs" title="Stiw Jobs – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Stiw Jobs" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkmençe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%81,_%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2" title="Джобс, Стив – Tuvinian" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Джобс, Стив" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="Tuvinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тыва дыл</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%96%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%81" title="Стів Джобс – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Стів Джобс" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%B9%DB%8C%D9%88_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B2" title="اسٹیو جابز – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="اسٹیو جابز" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%90%DB%8B_%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%89%D8%B3" title="ستېۋ جوبىس – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ستېۋ جوبىس" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Steve Jobs" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Steve Jobs" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Steve Jobs" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jobsi_Steve" title="Jobsi Steve – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Jobsi Steve" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Võro</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%96%AC%E5%B8%83%E6%96%AF" title="喬布斯 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="喬布斯" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Steve Jobs" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%B2%E8%92%82%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E4%B9%94%E5%B8%83%E6%96%AF" title="史蒂夫·乔布斯 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="史蒂夫·乔布斯" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%99%D7%95%D7%95_%D7%93%D7%96%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%91%D7%A1" title="סטיוו דזשאבס – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="סטיוו דזשאבס" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Steve Jobs" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%96%AC%E5%B8%83%E6%96%AF" title="喬布斯 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="喬布斯" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Steve Jobs" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%C4%ABvs_D%C5%BEiuobsos" title="Stīvs Džiuobsos – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Stīvs Džiuobsos" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%B2%E8%92%82%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E4%B9%94%E5%B8%83%E6%96%AF" title="史蒂夫·乔布斯 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="史蒂夫·乔布斯" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q19837#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c">Article</a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Steve_Jobs" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >English </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Steve_Jobs">Read</a></li><li id="ca-viewsource" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Steve_Jobs&action=edit" title="This page is protected.
You can view its source [e]" accesskey="e">View source</a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Steve_Jobs&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h">View history</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >Tools </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Steve_Jobs">Read</a></li><li id="ca-more-viewsource" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Steve_Jobs&action=edit">View source</a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Steve_Jobs&action=history">View history</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Steve_Jobs" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j">What links here</a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Steve_Jobs" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k">Related changes</a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u">Upload file</a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Steve_Jobs&oldid=1276084268" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page">Permanent link</a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Steve_Jobs&action=info" title="More information about this page">Page information</a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Steve_Jobs&id=1276084268&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page">Cite this page</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSteve_Jobs">Get shortened URL</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSteve_Jobs">Download QR code</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Steve_Jobs&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file">Download as PDF</a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Steve_Jobs&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p">Printable version</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Steve_Jobs" hreflang="en">Wikimedia Commons</a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikinews mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Steve_Jobs" hreflang="en">Wikinews</a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Steve_Jobs" hreflang="en">Wikiquote</a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q19837" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g">Wikidata item</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-pp-default" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#semi" title="This article is semi-protected."><img alt="Page semi-protected" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American businessman and inventor (1955–2011)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Steve_Jobs_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Steve Jobs (disambiguation)">Steve Jobs (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Steve Jobs</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Steve_Jobs_Headshot_2010-CROP_(cropped_2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Steve_Jobs_Headshot_2010-CROP_%28cropped_2%29.jpg/220px-Steve_Jobs_Headshot_2010-CROP_%28cropped_2%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Steve_Jobs_Headshot_2010-CROP_%28cropped_2%29.jpg/330px-Steve_Jobs_Headshot_2010-CROP_%28cropped_2%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Steve_Jobs_Headshot_2010-CROP_%28cropped_2%29.jpg/440px-Steve_Jobs_Headshot_2010-CROP_%28cropped_2%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3026" data-file-height="2929" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Jobs introducing the <a href="/wiki/IPhone_4" title="IPhone 4">iPhone 4</a>, 2010</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Steven Paul Jobs<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></div> (1955-02-24)February 24, 1955 <div style="display:inline" class="birthplace">San Francisco, California, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">October 5, 2011(2011-10-05) (aged 56) <div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Palo_Alto,_California" title="Palo Alto, California">Palo Alto, California</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Alta_Mesa_Memorial_Park" title="Alta Mesa Memorial Park">Alta Mesa Memorial Park</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Reed_College" title="Reed College">Reed College</a> (no degree)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years active</th><td class="infobox-data">1971–2011</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist" style="margin-left:1em;text-indent:-1em;"> <ul><li>Pioneer of the <a href="/wiki/Personal_computer_revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Personal computer revolution">personal computer revolution</a> with <a href="/wiki/Steve_Wozniak" title="Steve Wozniak">Steve Wozniak</a></li> <li>Co-creator of the <a href="/wiki/Apple_II" title="Apple II">Apple II</a>, <a href="/wiki/Macintosh" class="mw-redirect" title="Macintosh">Macintosh</a>, <a href="/wiki/IPod" title="IPod">iPod</a>, <a href="/wiki/IPhone" title="IPhone">iPhone</a>, <a href="/wiki/IPad" title="IPad">iPad</a>, and first <a href="/wiki/Apple_Store" title="Apple Store">Apple Stores</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Title</th><td class="infobox-data title"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist" style="margin-left:1em;text-indent:-1em;"> <ul><li>Co-founder, <a href="/wiki/Chairman" class="mw-redirect" title="Chairman">chairman</a>, and <a href="/wiki/CEO" class="mw-redirect" title="CEO">CEO</a> of <a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple Inc.</a></li> <li>Primary investor and chairman of <a href="/wiki/Pixar" title="Pixar">Pixar</a></li> <li>Founder, chairman, and CEO of <a href="/wiki/NeXT" title="NeXT">NeXT</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Board member of</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Walt_Disney_Company" title="The Walt Disney Company">The Walt Disney Company</a><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></li> <li>Apple Inc.</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Laurene_Powell_Jobs" title="Laurene Powell Jobs">Laurene Powell</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style>1991)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Partner</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Chrisann_Brennan" title="Chrisann Brennan">Chrisann Brennan</a> (1972–1977)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">4, including <a href="/wiki/Lisa_Brennan-Jobs" title="Lisa Brennan-Jobs">Lisa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reed_Jobs" title="Reed Jobs">Reed</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Eve_Jobs" title="Eve Jobs">Eve</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relatives</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mona_Simpson" title="Mona Simpson">Mona Simpson</a> (sister)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bassma_Al_Jandaly" title="Bassma Al Jandaly">Bassma Al Jandaly</a> (cousin)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malek_Jandali" title="Malek Jandali">Malek Jandali</a> (cousin)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom" title="Presidential Medal of Freedom">Presidential Medal of Freedom</a> (<a href="/wiki/Posthumous_award" title="Posthumous award">posthumous</a>, 2022)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Signature</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Steve_Jobs_signature.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Steve_Jobs_signature.svg/150px-Steve_Jobs_signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Steve_Jobs_signature.svg/225px-Steve_Jobs_signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Steve_Jobs_signature.svg/300px-Steve_Jobs_signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="115" data-file-height="32" /></a></td></tr></tbody></table> Steven Paul Jobs (February 24, 1955 – October 5, 2011) was an American businessman, inventor, and investor best known for co-founding the technology company <a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple Inc.</a> Jobs was also the founder of <a href="/wiki/NeXT" title="NeXT">NeXT</a> and chairman and majority shareholder of <a href="/wiki/Pixar" title="Pixar">Pixar</a>. He was a pioneer of the <a href="/wiki/Personal_computer_revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Personal computer revolution">personal computer revolution</a> of the 1970s and 1980s, along with his early business partner and fellow Apple co-founder <a href="/wiki/Steve_Wozniak" title="Steve Wozniak">Steve Wozniak</a>. Jobs was born in San Francisco in 1955 and adopted shortly afterwards. He attended <a href="/wiki/Reed_College" title="Reed College">Reed College</a> in 1972 before withdrawing that same year. In 1974, he traveled through India, <a href="/wiki/Hippie_trail" title="Hippie trail">seeking enlightenment</a> before later studying <a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_the_West#Emerging_mainstream_western_Buddhism" title="Buddhism in the West">Zen Buddhism</a>. He and Wozniak co-founded Apple in 1976 to further develop and sell Wozniak's <a href="/wiki/Apple_I" title="Apple I">Apple I</a> personal computer. Together, the duo gained fame and wealth a year later with production and sale of the <a href="/wiki/Apple_II" title="Apple II">Apple II</a>, one of the first highly successful mass-produced <a href="/wiki/Microcomputer" title="Microcomputer">microcomputers</a>. Jobs saw the commercial potential of the <a href="/wiki/Xerox_Alto" title="Xerox Alto">Xerox Alto</a> in 1979, which was <a href="/wiki/Computer_mouse" title="Computer mouse">mouse</a>-driven and had a <a href="/wiki/Graphical_user_interface" title="Graphical user interface">graphical user interface</a> (GUI). This led to the development of the largely unsuccessful <a href="/wiki/Apple_Lisa" title="Apple Lisa">Apple Lisa</a> in 1983, followed by <a href="/wiki/Macintosh_128K" title="Macintosh 128K">the breakthrough Macintosh</a> in 1984, the first mass-produced computer with a GUI. The Macintosh launched the <a href="/wiki/Desktop_publishing" title="Desktop publishing">desktop publishing</a> industry in 1985 (for example, the <a href="/wiki/Aldus_Pagemaker" class="mw-redirect" title="Aldus Pagemaker">Aldus Pagemaker</a>) with the addition of the Apple <a href="/wiki/LaserWriter" title="LaserWriter">LaserWriter</a>, the first <a href="/wiki/Laser_printer" class="mw-redirect" title="Laser printer">laser printer</a> to feature <a href="/wiki/Vector_graphics" title="Vector graphics">vector graphics</a> and <a href="/wiki/PostScript" title="PostScript">PostScript</a>. In 1985, Jobs departed Apple after a long power struggle with the company's board and its then-CEO, <a href="/wiki/John_Sculley" title="John Sculley">John Sculley</a>. That same year, Jobs took some Apple employees with him to found NeXT, a <a href="/wiki/Computer_platform" class="mw-redirect" title="Computer platform">computer platform</a> development company that specialized in computers for higher-education and business markets, serving as its CEO. In 1986, he bought the computer graphics division of <a href="/wiki/Lucasfilm" title="Lucasfilm">Lucasfilm</a>, which was spun off independently as <a href="/wiki/Pixar" title="Pixar">Pixar</a>.<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> Pixar produced the first <a href="/wiki/Computer-animated" class="mw-redirect" title="Computer-animated">computer-animated</a> feature film, <a href="/wiki/Toy_Story" title="Toy Story">Toy Story</a> (1995), and became a leading <a href="/wiki/Animation_studio" title="Animation studio">animation studio</a>, producing <a href="/wiki/List_of_Pixar_films" title="List of Pixar films">dozens</a> of commercially successful and critically acclaimed films. In 1997, Jobs returned to Apple as CEO after the company's acquisition of NeXT. He was largely responsible for reviving Apple, which was on the verge of bankruptcy. He worked closely with British designer <a href="/wiki/Jony_Ive" title="Jony Ive">Jony Ive</a> to develop a line of products and services that had larger cultural ramifications, beginning with the "<a href="/wiki/Think_different" title="Think different">Think different</a>" advertising campaign, and leading to the <a href="/wiki/IMac" title="IMac">iMac</a>, <a href="/wiki/ITunes" title="ITunes">iTunes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X" class="mw-redirect" title="Mac OS X">Mac OS X</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apple_Store" title="Apple Store">Apple Store</a>, <a href="/wiki/IPod" title="IPod">iPod</a>, <a href="/wiki/ITunes_Store" title="ITunes Store">iTunes Store</a>, <a href="/wiki/IPhone" title="IPhone">iPhone</a>, <a href="/wiki/App_Store_(iOS)" class="mw-redirect" title="App Store (iOS)">App Store</a>, and <a href="/wiki/IPad" title="IPad">iPad</a>. Jobs was also a board member at <a href="/wiki/Gap_Inc." title="Gap Inc.">Gap Inc.</a> from 1999 to 2002.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> In 2003, Jobs was diagnosed with a <a href="/wiki/Pancreatic_neuroendocrine_tumor" title="Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor">pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor</a>. He died of tumor-related <a href="/wiki/Respiratory_arrest" title="Respiratory arrest">respiratory arrest</a> in 2011; in 2022, he was posthumously awarded the <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom" title="Presidential Medal of Freedom">Presidential Medal of Freedom</a>. Since his death, he has won 141 patents; Jobs holds over 450 patents in total.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Family">Family</h3></div> Steven Paul Jobs was born in San Francisco, California, on February 24, 1955, to Joanne Carole Schieble and Abdulfattah "John" Jandali (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: عبد الفتاح الجندلي). Abdulfattah Jandali was born in a Muslim household to wealthy Syrian parents, the youngest of nine siblings. After obtaining his undergraduate degree at the <a href="/wiki/American_University_of_Beirut" title="American University of Beirut">American University of Beirut</a>, Jandali pursued a PhD in <a href="/wiki/Political_science" title="Political science">political science</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Wisconsin" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Wisconsin">University of Wisconsin</a>. There, he met Joanne Schieble, an American Catholic of <a href="/wiki/Swiss_people#Ethno-linguistic_composition" title="Swiss people">Swiss-German descent</a> whose parents owned a <a href="/wiki/Mink_farm" class="mw-redirect" title="Mink farm">mink farm</a> and real estate in <a href="/wiki/Green_Bay,_Wisconsin" title="Green Bay, Wisconsin">Green Bay</a>. The two fell in love but faced opposition from Schieble's father due to Jandali's Muslim faith. When Schieble became pregnant, she arranged for a <a href="/wiki/Closed_adoption" title="Closed adoption">closed adoption</a>, and travelled to San Francisco to give birth.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaacson20111–4-6">[6]</a> Schieble requested that her son be adopted by college graduates. A lawyer and his wife were selected, but they withdrew after discovering that the baby was a boy, so Jobs was instead adopted by Paul Reinhold and Clara (née Hagopian) Jobs. Paul Jobs, an American of German descent, was the son of a dairy farmer from <a href="/wiki/Washington_County,_Wisconsin" title="Washington County, Wisconsin">Washington County, Wisconsin</a>. After dropping out of high school, he worked as a mechanic, then joined the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard" title="United States Coast Guard">US Coast Guard</a>. When his ship was decommissioned at San Francisco, he bet he could find a wife within two weeks. He then met Clara Hagopian, an American of <a href="/wiki/Armenians" title="Armenians">Armenian</a> descent, and the two were engaged ten days later, in March 1946, and married that same year. The couple moved to Wisconsin, then Indiana, where Paul Jobs worked as a <a href="/wiki/Machinist" title="Machinist">machinist</a> and later as a car salesman. Since Clara missed San Francisco, she convinced Paul to move back. There, Paul worked as a <a href="/wiki/Repossession" title="Repossession">repossession</a> agent, and Clara became a <a href="/wiki/Bookkeeping" title="Bookkeeping">bookkeeper</a>. In 1955, after having an <a href="/wiki/Ectopic_pregnancy" title="Ectopic pregnancy">ectopic pregnancy</a>, the couple looked to adopt a child.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaacson20111–4-6">[6]</a> Since they lacked a college education, Schieble initially refused to sign the adoption papers, and went to court to request that her son be removed from the Jobs household and placed with a different family, but changed her mind after Paul and Clara promised to pay for their son's college tuition.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaacson20111–4-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrennan201315-7">[7]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Infancy">Infancy</h3></div> In his youth, Jobs's parents took him to a <a href="/wiki/Lutheran" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran">Lutheran</a> church.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaacson2011[httpsbooksgooglecombooksid8U2oAAAAQBAJdqstevejobs22lutheran22pgPA14_14]-8">[8]</a> When Steve was in high school, Clara admitted to his girlfriend, <a href="/wiki/Chrisann_Brennan" title="Chrisann Brennan">Chrisann Brennan</a>, that she "was too frightened to love [Steve] for the first six months of his life ... I was scared they were going to take him away from me. Even after we won the case, Steve was so difficult a child that by the time he was two I felt we had made a mistake. I wanted to return him." When Chrisann shared this comment with Steve, he stated that he was already aware,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrennan2013-9">[9]</a> and later said that he had been deeply loved and indulged by Paul and Clara. Jobs would "bristle" when Paul and Clara were referred to as his "adoptive parents", and he regarded them as his parents "1,000%". Jobs referred to his biological parents as "my sperm and egg bank. That's not harsh, it's just the way it was, a sperm bank thing, nothing more."<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Childhood">Childhood</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:25em; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> I always thought of myself as a humanities person as a kid, but I liked electronics... then I read something that one of my heroes, <a href="/wiki/Edwin_H._Land" title="Edwin H. Land">Edwin Land</a> of <a href="/wiki/Polaroid_Corporation" title="Polaroid Corporation">Polaroid</a>, said about the importance of people who could stand at the intersection of humanities and sciences, and I decided that's what I wanted to do. </blockquote> <div style="padding-bottom: 0; padding-top: 0.5em"><cite class="left-aligned" style="">—Steve Jobs<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaacson201116-11">[11]</a></cite></div> </div> Paul Jobs worked in several jobs that included a try as a machinist,<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> several other jobs,<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> and then "back to work as a machinist". Paul and Clara adopted Jobs's sister Patricia in 1957,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaacson20115-14">[14]</a> and by 1959 the family had moved to the <a href="/wiki/Monta_Loma,_Mountain_View" title="Monta Loma, Mountain View">Monta Loma</a> neighborhood in <a href="/wiki/Mountain_View,_California" title="Mountain View, California">Mountain View, California</a>.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> Paul built a workbench in his garage for his son in order to "pass along his love of mechanics". Jobs, meanwhile, admired his father's craftsmanship "because he knew how to build anything. If we needed a cabinet, he would build it. When he built our fence, he gave me a hammer so I could work with him ... I wasn't that into fixing cars ... but I was eager to hang out with my dad."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaacson20115–6-16">[16]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Apple_Garage.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Home of Paul and Clara Jobs, on Crist Drive in Los Altos, California" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Apple_Garage.jpg/220px-Apple_Garage.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Apple_Garage.jpg/330px-Apple_Garage.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Apple_Garage.jpg/440px-Apple_Garage.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1365" /></a><figcaption>The childhood family home of Steve Jobs on Crist Drive in <a href="/wiki/Los_Altos,_California" title="Los Altos, California">Los Altos, California</a>, is the original site of <a href="/wiki/Apple_Computer" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple Computer">Apple Computer</a>. The home was added to a list of historic Los Altos sites in 2013.<a href="#cite_note-hissite-17">[17]</a></figcaption></figure> Jobs had difficulty functioning in a traditional classroom, tended to resist authority figures, frequently misbehaved, and was suspended a few times. He frequently played pranks on others at Monta Loma Elementary School in Mountain View. His father Paul (who was abused as a child) never reprimanded him, however, and instead blamed the school for not challenging his brilliant son.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaacson201112–13-18">[18]</a> Jobs skipped the 5th grade and transferred to the 6th grade at Crittenden Middle School in Mountain View, where he became a "socially awkward loner".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaacson201113-19">[19]</a> Jobs was often "bullied" at Crittenden Middle, and in the middle of 7th grade, he gave his parents an ultimatum: either they would take him out of Crittenden or he would drop out of school.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaacson201113–14-20">[20]</a> The Jobs family was not affluent, and only by expending all their savings were they able to buy a new home in 1967, allowing Steve to change schools. The new house (a three-bedroom home on Crist Drive in <a href="/wiki/Los_Altos,_California" title="Los Altos, California">Los Altos, California</a>) was in the better <a href="/wiki/Cupertino_Union_School_District" title="Cupertino Union School District">Cupertino School District</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Cupertino,_California" title="Cupertino, California">Cupertino, California</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaacson201114-21">[21]</a> The house was declared a historic site in 2013, as the first site of Apple Computer.<a href="#cite_note-hissite-17">[17]</a> As of 2013<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Steve_Jobs&action=edit">[update]</a>, it was owned by Jobs's sister, Patty, and occupied by his stepmother, Marilyn.<a href="#cite_note-piece-22">[22]</a> When he was 13, in 1968,<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> Jobs was given a summer job by <a href="/wiki/Bill_Hewlett" title="Bill Hewlett">Bill Hewlett</a> (of <a href="/wiki/Hewlett-Packard" title="Hewlett-Packard">Hewlett-Packard</a>) after Jobs cold-called him to ask for parts for an electronics project.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaacson2011xix,_534-24">[24]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Homestead_High">Homestead High</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Steve_Jobs_in_1972_Pegasus_(retouched).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Steve_Jobs_in_1972_Pegasus_%28retouched%29.jpg/170px-Steve_Jobs_in_1972_Pegasus_%28retouched%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Steve_Jobs_in_1972_Pegasus_%28retouched%29.jpg/255px-Steve_Jobs_in_1972_Pegasus_%28retouched%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Steve_Jobs_in_1972_Pegasus_%28retouched%29.jpg/340px-Steve_Jobs_in_1972_Pegasus_%28retouched%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="901" data-file-height="1164" /></a><figcaption>Jobs's <a href="/wiki/Homestead_High_School_(Cupertino,_California)" class="mw-redirect" title="Homestead High School (Cupertino, California)">Homestead High School</a> yearbook photo, 1972</figcaption></figure> The location of the Los Altos home meant that Jobs would be able to attend nearby <a href="/wiki/Homestead_High_School_(Cupertino,_California)" class="mw-redirect" title="Homestead High School (Cupertino, California)">Homestead High School</a>, which had strong ties to <a href="/wiki/Silicon_Valley" title="Silicon Valley">Silicon Valley</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaacson201116-11">[11]</a> He began his first year there in late 1968 along with <a href="/wiki/Bill_Fernandez" title="Bill Fernandez">Bill Fernandez</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Hiner-25">[25]</a> who introduced Jobs to Steve Wozniak, and would become Apple's first employee. Neither Jobs nor Fernandez (whose father was a lawyer) came from engineering households and thus decided to enroll in John McCollum's Electronics I class.<a href="#cite_note-Hiner-25">[25]</a> Jobs had grown his hair long and become involved in the growing counterculture, and the rebellious youth eventually clashed with McCollum and lost interest in the class.<a href="#cite_note-Hiner-25">[25]</a> Jobs underwent a change during mid-1970. He later noted to his official biographer that "I started to listen to music a whole lot, and I started to read more outside of just science and technology — <a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">Shakespeare</a>, <a href="/wiki/Plato" title="Plato">Plato</a>. I loved <a href="/wiki/King_Lear" title="King Lear">King Lear</a> ... when I was a senior I had this phenomenal <a href="/wiki/AP_English_Literature_and_Composition" title="AP English Literature and Composition">AP English class</a>. The teacher was this guy who looked like <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Hemingway" title="Ernest Hemingway">Ernest Hemingway</a>. He took a bunch of us snowshoeing in Yosemite." During his last two years at Homestead High, Jobs developed two different interests: electronics and literature.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaacson201119-26">[26]</a> These dual interests were particularly reflected during Jobs's senior year, as his best friends were Wozniak and his first girlfriend, the artistic Homestead junior <a href="/wiki/Chrisann_Brennan" title="Chrisann Brennan">Chrisann Brennan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaacson201121–32-27">[27]</a> In 1971, after Wozniak began attending <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">University of California, Berkeley</a>, Jobs would visit him there a few times a week. This experience led him to study in nearby <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a>'s student union. Instead of joining the electronics club, Jobs put on light shows with a friend for Homestead's <a href="/wiki/Avant-garde" title="Avant-garde">avant-garde</a> <a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a> program. He was described by a Homestead classmate as "kind of brain and kind of hippie ... but he never fit into either group. He was smart enough to be a nerd, but wasn't nerdy. And he was too intellectual for the hippies, who just wanted to get wasted all the time. He was kind of an outsider. In high school everything revolved around what group you were in, and if you weren't in a carefully defined group, you weren't anybody. He was an individual, in a world where individuality was suspect." By his senior year in late 1971, he was taking a freshman English class at Stanford and working on a Homestead underground film project with Chrisann Brennan.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaacson201131-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrennan20131–11-29">[29]</a> Around that time, Wozniak designed a low-cost digital "<a href="/wiki/Blue_box" title="Blue box">blue box</a>" to generate the necessary tones to manipulate the telephone network, allowing free long-distance calls. He was inspired by an article titled "Secrets of the Little Blue Box" from the October 1971 issue of <a href="/wiki/Esquire_(magazine)" title="Esquire (magazine)">Esquire</a>.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> Jobs decided then to sell them and split the profit with Wozniak. The clandestine sales of the illegal blue boxes went well and perhaps planted the seed in Jobs's mind that electronics could be both fun and profitable.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> In a 1994 interview, he recalled that it took six months for him and Wozniak to design the blue boxes.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> Jobs later reflected that had it not been for Wozniak's blue boxes, "there wouldn't have been an Apple".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaacson201130-33">[33]</a> He states it showed them that they could take on large companies and beat them.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-Steve_Jobs:_Visionary_Entrepreneur-35">[35]</a> By his senior year of high school, Jobs began using <a href="/wiki/Lysergic_acid_diethylamide" class="mw-redirect" title="Lysergic acid diethylamide">LSD</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaacson201119-26">[26]</a> He later recalled that on one occasion he consumed it in a wheat field outside Sunnyvale, and experienced "the most wonderful feeling of my life up to that point".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaacson201131–32-36">[36]</a> In mid-1972, after graduation and before leaving for <a href="/wiki/Reed_College" title="Reed College">Reed College</a>, Jobs and Brennan rented a house from their other roommate, Al.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reed_College">Reed College</h3></div> In September 1972, Jobs enrolled at <a href="/wiki/Reed_College" title="Reed College">Reed College</a> in <a href="/wiki/Portland,_Oregon" title="Portland, Oregon">Portland, Oregon</a>.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> He insisted on applying only to Reed, although it was an expensive school that Paul and Clara could ill afford.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaacson201133-39">[39]</a> Jobs soon befriended <a href="/wiki/Robert_Friedland" title="Robert Friedland">Robert Friedland</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaacson201137-40">[40]</a> who was Reed's <a href="/wiki/Student_government_president" title="Student government president">student body president</a> at that time.<a href="#cite_note-Reedmagazine-41">[41]</a> Brennan remained involved with Jobs while he was at Reed. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176"><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:25em; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> I was interested in <a href="/wiki/Counterculture_of_the_1960s#Religion,_spirituality_and_the_occult" title="Counterculture of the 1960s">Eastern mysticism</a> which hit the shores about then. At <a href="/wiki/Reed_College" title="Reed College">Reed</a> there was a constant flow of people stopping by – from <a href="/wiki/Timothy_Leary" title="Timothy Leary">Timothy Leary</a> and <a href="/wiki/Richard_Alpert" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Alpert">Richard Alpert</a>, to <a href="/wiki/Gary_Snyder" title="Gary Snyder">Gary Snyder</a>. There was a constant flow of intellectual questioning about the truth of life. That was the time when every college student in the country read <a href="/wiki/Be_Here_Now_(book)" title="Be Here Now (book)">Be Here Now</a> and <a href="/wiki/Diet_for_a_Small_Planet" title="Diet for a Small Planet">Diet for a Small Planet</a>. </blockquote> <div style="padding-bottom: 0; padding-top: 0.5em"><cite class="left-aligned" style="">—Steve Jobs<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a></cite></div> </div> After just one semester, Jobs dropped out of Reed College without telling his parents.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchlender201630-43">[43]</a> Jobs later explained this was because he did not want to spend his parents' money on an education that seemed meaningless to him. He continued to attend by auditing his classes,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaacson201140–41-44">[44]</a> including a course on <a href="/wiki/Calligraphy" title="Calligraphy">calligraphy</a> that was taught by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Palladino" title="Robert Palladino">Robert Palladino</a>. In a 2005 commencement speech at <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a>, Jobs stated that during this period, he slept on the floor in friends' dorm rooms, <a href="/wiki/History_of_bottle_recycling_in_the_United_States" title="History of bottle recycling in the United States">returned Coke bottles</a> for food money, and got weekly free meals at the local <a href="/wiki/International_Society_for_Krishna_Consciousness" title="International Society for Krishna Consciousness">Hare Krishna</a> temple. In that same speech, Jobs said: "If I had never dropped in on that single <a href="/wiki/Calligraphy" title="Calligraphy">calligraphy</a> course in college, the Mac would have never had multiple <a href="/wiki/Typeface" title="Typeface">typefaces</a> or proportionally spaced fonts".<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1974–1985">1974–1985</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Apple#1971–1985:_Jobs_and_Wozniak" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Apple">History of Apple § 1971–1985: Jobs and Wozniak</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176"><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:25em; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> I was lucky to get into computers when it was a very young and idealistic industry. There weren't many degrees offered in computer science, so people in computers were brilliant people from mathematics, physics, music, zoology, whatever. They loved it, and no one was really in it for the money [...] There are people around here who start companies just to make money, but the great companies, well, that's not what they're about. </blockquote> <div style="padding-bottom: 0; padding-top: 0.5em"><cite class="left-aligned" style="">—Steve Jobs<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a></cite></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pre-Apple">Pre-Apple</h3></div> In February 1974, Jobs returned to his parents' home in Los Altos and began looking for a job.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaacson201142–43-47">[47]</a> He was soon hired by <a href="/wiki/Atari,_Inc." title="Atari, Inc.">Atari, Inc.</a> in <a href="/wiki/Los_Gatos,_California" title="Los Gatos, California">Los Gatos, California</a>, as a <a href="/wiki/Computer_technician" class="mw-redirect" title="Computer technician">computer technician</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaacson201142–43-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-intoday1-48">[48]</a> Back in 1973, <a href="/wiki/Steve_Wozniak" title="Steve Wozniak">Steve Wozniak</a> designed his own version of the classic video game <a href="/wiki/Pong" title="Pong">Pong</a> and gave its electronics board to Jobs. According to Wozniak, Atari only hired Jobs because he took the board down to the company, and they thought that he had built it himself.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> Atari's cofounder <a href="/wiki/Nolan_Bushnell" title="Nolan Bushnell">Nolan Bushnell</a> later described him as "difficult but valuable", pointing out that "he was very often the smartest guy in the room, and he would let people know that".<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> Jobs traveled to India in mid-1974<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> to visit <a href="/wiki/Neem_Karoli_Baba" title="Neem Karoli Baba">Neem Karoli Baba</a><a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> at his Kainchi <a href="/wiki/Ashram" title="Ashram">ashram</a> with his Reed College friend and eventual Apple employee <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Kottke" title="Daniel Kottke">Daniel Kottke</a>, searching for spiritual teachings. When they got to the Neem Karoli ashram, it was almost deserted because Neem Karoli Baba had died in September 1973. Then they made a long trek up a dry riverbed to an ashram of <a href="/wiki/Haidakhan_Babaji" title="Haidakhan Babaji">Haidakhan Babaji</a>.<a href="#cite_note-intoday1-48">[48]</a> After seven months, Jobs left <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a><a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> and returned to the US ahead of Daniel Kottke.<a href="#cite_note-intoday1-48">[48]</a> Jobs had changed his appearance; his head was shaved, and he wore traditional <a href="/wiki/Clothing_in_India" title="Clothing in India">Indian clothing</a>.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> During this time, Jobs experimented with <a href="/wiki/Psychedelic_drug" title="Psychedelic drug">psychedelics</a>, later calling his <a href="/wiki/LSD" title="LSD">LSD</a> experiences "one of the two or three most important things [he had] done in [his] life".<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> He spent a period at the <a href="/wiki/All_One_Farm" class="mw-redirect" title="All One Farm">All One Farm</a>, a <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_hippie_movement#New_Communalism" title="History of the hippie movement">commune</a> in <a href="/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon">Oregon</a> that was owned by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Friedland#Early_life" title="Robert Friedland">Robert Friedland</a>. During this time period, Jobs and Brennan both became practitioners of <a href="/wiki/Zen" title="Zen">Zen</a> <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a> through the Zen master <a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dbun_Chino_Otogawa" title="Kōbun Chino Otogawa">Kōbun Chino Otogawa</a>. Jobs engaged in lengthy <a href="/wiki/Retreat_(spiritual)#Buddhism" title="Retreat (spiritual)">meditation retreats</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Tassajara_Zen_Mountain_Center" title="Tassajara Zen Mountain Center">Tassajara Zen Mountain Center</a>, the oldest <a href="/wiki/S%C5%8Dt%C5%8D" title="Sōtō">Sōtō Zen</a> monastery in the US.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> He considered taking up monastic residence at <a href="/wiki/Eihei-ji" title="Eihei-ji">Eihei-ji</a> in <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, and maintained a lifelong appreciation for Zen,<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> Japanese cuisine, and artists such as <a href="/wiki/Hasui_Kawase" title="Hasui Kawase">Hasui Kawase</a>.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> Jobs returned to Atari in early 1975, and that summer, Bushnell assigned him to create a <a href="/wiki/Circuit_board" class="mw-redirect" title="Circuit board">circuit board</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Arcade_game" title="Arcade game">arcade</a> video game <a href="/wiki/Breakout_(video_game)" title="Breakout (video game)">Breakout</a> in as few chips as possible, knowing that Jobs would recruit Wozniak for help. During his day job at HP, Wozniak drew sketches of the circuit design; at night, he joined Jobs at Atari and continued to refine the design, which Jobs implemented on a <a href="/wiki/Breadboard" title="Breadboard">breadboard</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaacson201152–54-61">[61]</a> According to Bushnell, Atari offered $100 (equivalent to about $600 in 2023) for each <a href="/wiki/Transistor%E2%80%93transistor_logic" title="Transistor–transistor logic">TTL</a> chip that was eliminated in the machine. Jobs made a deal with Wozniak to split the fee evenly between them if Wozniak could minimize the number of chips. Much to the amazement of Atari engineers, within four days Wozniak reduced the TTL count to 45, far below the usual 100, though Atari later re-engineered it to make it easier to test and add a few missing features.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith2020286–287-62">[62]</a> According to Wozniak, Jobs told him that Atari paid them only $750 (instead of the actual $5,000), and that Wozniak's share was thus $375.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> Wozniak did not learn about the actual bonus until ten years later but said that if Jobs had told him about it and explained that he needed the money, Wozniak would have given it to him.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaacson2011104–107-64">[64]</a> Jobs and Wozniak attended meetings of the <a href="/wiki/Homebrew_Computer_Club" title="Homebrew Computer Club">Homebrew Computer Club</a> in 1975, which was a stepping stone to the development and marketing of the first Apple computer.<a href="#cite_note-NYT_obit-65">[65]</a> According to a document released by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">United States Department of Defense</a>, Jobs claimed that in 1975, he was arrested in <a href="/wiki/Eugene,_Oregon" title="Eugene, Oregon">Eugene, Oregon</a>, after being questioned for being a minor in possession of alcohol. Jobs alleged that he "didn't have any alcohol", but police questioned him, and subsequently determined that he had an outstanding arrest warrant for an unpaid speeding ticket. Jobs claimed he then paid the $50 fine. The arrest allegedly occurred "behind a store".<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Apple_(1976–1985)">Apple (1976–1985)</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176"><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:25em; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> Basically <a href="/wiki/Steve_Wozniak" title="Steve Wozniak">Steve Wozniak</a> and I invented the Apple because we wanted a personal computer. Not only couldn't we afford the computers that were on the market, those computers were impractical for us to use. We needed a <a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Type_2" title="Volkswagen Type 2">Volkswagen</a>. The Volkswagen isn't as fast or comfortable as other ways of traveling, but the VW owners can go where they want, when they want and with whom they want. The VW owners have personal control of their car. </blockquote> <div style="padding-bottom: 0; padding-top: 0.5em"><cite class="left-aligned" style="">—Steve Jobs<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a></cite></div> </div> By March 1976, Wozniak completed the basic design of the <a href="/wiki/Apple_I" title="Apple I">Apple I</a> computer and showed it to Jobs, who suggested that they sell it; Wozniak was at first skeptical of the idea but later agreed.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELinzmayer20045–6-69">[69]</a> In April of that same year, Jobs, Wozniak, and administrative overseer <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Wayne" title="Ronald Wayne">Ronald Wayne</a> founded Apple Computer Company (now called "Apple Inc.") as a <a href="/wiki/Business_partnership" class="mw-redirect" title="Business partnership">business partnership</a> in Jobs's parents' Crist Drive home on April 1, 1976. The operation originally started in Jobs's bedroom and later moved to the garage.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELinzmayer20046–8-70">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> Wayne stayed briefly, leaving Jobs and Wozniak as the active primary cofounders of the company.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> The two decided on the name "Apple" after Jobs returned from the All One Farm commune in Oregon and told Wozniak about his time in the farm's <a href="/wiki/Apple_orchard" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple orchard">apple orchard</a>.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> Jobs originally planned to produce bare <a href="/wiki/Printed_circuit_board" title="Printed circuit board">printed circuit boards</a> of the Apple I and sell them to computer hobbyists for $50 (equivalent to about $270 in 2023) each. To fund the first batch, Wozniak sold his <a href="/wiki/HP-65" title="HP-65">HP scientific calculator</a> and Jobs sold his <a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Type_2" title="Volkswagen Type 2">Volkswagen van</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELinzmayer5–7-74">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchlender201639–40-75">[75]</a> Later that year, computer retailer <a href="/wiki/Paul_Terrell" title="Paul Terrell">Paul Terrell</a> purchased 50 fully assembled Apple I units for $500 each.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaacson201166–68-76">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELinzmayer7–9-77">[77]</a> Eventually about 200 Apple I computers were produced in total.<a href="#cite_note-AppleStoryPart1-78">[78]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="width: 210px; clear: right; float:right;margin:0 0 1.5em 1.5em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:115%">External image</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><img alt="image icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/16px-Searchtool.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/24px-Searchtool.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/32px-Searchtool.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://img.gazeta.ru/files3/725/13190725/upload-upload-04-pic4_zoom-1000x1000-18187-pic4_zoom-1500x1500-65192.jpg">Jobs and Steve Wozniak with an Apple I circuit board, c. 1976.</a></td></tr></tbody></table> A neighbor on Crist Drive recalled Jobs as an odd individual who would greet his clients "with his underwear hanging out, barefoot and hippie-like". Another neighbor, Larry Waterland, who had just earned his PhD in chemical engineering at Stanford, recalled dismissing Jobs's budding business compared to the established industry of giant mainframe computers with big decks of punch cards: "Steve took me over to the garage. He had a circuit board with a chip on it, a DuMont TV set, a Panasonic cassette tape deck and a keyboard. He said, 'This is an Apple computer.' I said, 'You've got to be joking.' I dismissed the whole idea." Jobs's friend from Reed College and India, <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Kottke" title="Daniel Kottke">Daniel Kottke</a>, recalled that as an early Apple employee, he "was the only person who worked in the garage ... Woz would show up once a week with his latest code. Steve Jobs didn't get his hands dirty in that sense." Kottke also stated that much of the early work took place in Jobs's kitchen, where he spent hours on the phone trying to find investors for the company.<a href="#cite_note-piece-22">[22]</a> They received funding from a then-semi-retired <a href="/wiki/Intel" title="Intel">Intel</a> product marketing manager and engineer named <a href="/wiki/Mike_Markkula" title="Mike Markkula">Mike Markkula</a>.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> <a href="/wiki/Scott_McNealy" title="Scott McNealy">Scott McNealy</a>, one of the cofounders of <a href="/wiki/Sun_Microsystems" title="Sun Microsystems">Sun Microsystems</a>, said that Jobs broke a "<a href="/wiki/Glass_ceiling" title="Glass ceiling">glass age ceiling</a>" in Silicon Valley because he'd created a very successful company at a young age.<a href="#cite_note-Steve_Jobs:_Visionary_Entrepreneur-35">[35]</a> Markkula brought Apple to the attention of <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Rock" title="Arthur Rock">Arthur Rock</a>, which, after looking at the crowded Apple booth at the Home Brew Computer Show, started with a $60,000 investment and went on the Apple board.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> Jobs was not pleased when Markkula recruited <a href="/wiki/Michael_Scott_(Apple)" title="Michael Scott (Apple)">Mike Scott</a> from <a href="/wiki/National_Semiconductor" title="National Semiconductor">National Semiconductor</a> in February 1977 to serve as the first president and CEO of Apple.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaacson201181–83-81">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELinzmayer200411-82">[82]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176"><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:25em; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> For what characterizes Apple is that its scientific staff always acted and performed like artists – in a field filled with dry personalities limited by the rational and binary worlds they inhabit, Apple's engineering teams had passion. They always believed that what they were doing was important and, most of all, fun. Working at Apple was never just a job; it was also a crusade, a mission, to bring better computer power to people. At its roots, that attitude came from Steve Jobs. It was "<a href="/wiki/Power_to_the_people_(slogan)" title="Power to the people (slogan)">Power to the People</a>", the slogan of the sixties, rewritten in technology for the eighties and called <a href="/wiki/Macintosh" class="mw-redirect" title="Macintosh">Macintosh</a>. </blockquote> <div style="padding-bottom: 0; padding-top: 0.5em"><cite class="left-aligned" style="">—Jeffrey S. Young, 1987<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a></cite></div> </div> After Brennan returned from her own journey to India, she and Jobs fell in love again, as Brennan noted changes in him that she attributes to <a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dbun_Chino_Otogawa" title="Kōbun Chino Otogawa">Kobun</a> (whom she was also still following). It was also at this time that Jobs displayed a prototype Apple II computer for Brennan and his parents in their living room. Brennan notes a shift in this time period, where the two main influences on Jobs were Apple Inc. and <a href="/wiki/Kobun_Chino_Otogawa" class="mw-redirect" title="Kobun Chino Otogawa">Kobun</a>. In April 1977, Jobs and Wozniak introduced the <a href="/wiki/Apple_II" title="Apple II">Apple II</a> at the <a href="/wiki/West_Coast_Computer_Faire" title="West Coast Computer Faire">West Coast Computer Faire</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELinzmayer200412-84">[84]</a> It is the first consumer product to have been sold by Apple Computer. Primarily designed by Wozniak, Jobs oversaw the development of its unusual case and <a href="/wiki/Rod_Holt" title="Rod Holt">Rod Holt</a> developed the unique power supply.<a href="#cite_note-wozorg-85">[85]</a> During the design stage, Jobs argued that the Apple II should have two <a href="/wiki/Expansion_slot" class="mw-redirect" title="Expansion slot">expansion slots</a>, while Wozniak wanted eight. After a heated argument, Wozniak threatened that Jobs should "go get himself another computer". They later agreed on eight slots.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> The Apple II became one of the first highly successful mass-produced microcomputer products in the world.<a href="#cite_note-Ars_Technica_2005-12-15-87">[87]</a> As Jobs became more successful with his new company, his relationship with Brennan grew more complex. In 1977, the success of Apple was now a part of their relationship, and Brennan, <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Kottke" title="Daniel Kottke">Daniel Kottke</a>, and Jobs moved into a house near the Apple office in <a href="/wiki/Cupertino,_California" title="Cupertino, California">Cupertino</a>.<a href="#cite_note-kqed-88">[88]</a> Brennan eventually took a position in the shipping department at Apple.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> Brennan's relationship with Jobs deteriorated as his position with Apple grew, and she began to consider ending the relationship. In October 1977, Brennan was approached by <a href="/wiki/Rod_Holt" title="Rod Holt">Rod Holt</a>, who asked her to take "a paid apprenticeship designing blueprints for the Apples".<a href="#cite_note-vicious-90">[90]</a> Both Holt and Jobs believed that it would be a good position for her, given her artistic abilities. Holt was particularly eager that she take the position and puzzled by her ambivalence toward it. Brennan's decision, however, was overshadowed by the fact that she realized she was pregnant, and that Jobs was the father. It took her a few days to tell Jobs, whose face, according to Brennan, "turned ugly" at the news. At the same time, according to Brennan, at the beginning of her third trimester, Jobs said to her: "I never wanted to ask that you get an abortion. I just didn't want to do that."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaacson201188–89-91">[91]</a> He also refused to discuss the pregnancy with her.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaacson201188–89-91">[91]</a> Brennan turned down the internship and decided to leave Apple. A few weeks before she was due to give birth, Brennan was invited to deliver her baby at the All One Farm. She accepted the offer.<a href="#cite_note-vicious-90">[90]</a> When Jobs was 23 (the same age as his biological parents when they had him)<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaacson201188–89-91">[91]</a> Brennan gave birth to her baby, <a href="/wiki/Lisa_Brennan-Jobs" title="Lisa Brennan-Jobs">Lisa Brennan</a>, on May 17, 1978.<a href="#cite_note-vicious-90">[90]</a> Jobs went there for the birth after he was contacted by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Friedland" title="Robert Friedland">Robert Friedland</a>, their mutual friend and the farm owner. While distant, Jobs worked with her on a name for the baby, which they discussed while sitting in the fields on a blanket. Brennan suggested the name "Lisa" which Jobs also liked and notes that Jobs was very attached to the name "Lisa" while he "was also publicly denying paternity". She would discover later that during this time, Jobs was preparing to unveil a new kind of computer that he wanted to give a female name (his first choice was "Claire" after <a href="/wiki/Clare_of_Assisi" title="Clare of Assisi">St. Clare</a>). She stated that she never gave him permission to use the baby's name for a computer and he hid the plans from her. Jobs worked with his team to come up with the phrase, "Local Integrated Software Architecture" as an <a href="/wiki/Backronym" title="Backronym">alternative explanation</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Apple_Lisa" title="Apple Lisa">Apple Lisa</a>.<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> Decades later, however, Jobs admitted to his biographer <a href="/wiki/Walter_Isaacson" title="Walter Isaacson">Walter Isaacson</a> that "obviously, it was named for my daughter".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaacson201193-93">[93]</a> When Jobs denied paternity, a <a href="/wiki/DNA_paternity_testing" title="DNA paternity testing">DNA test</a> established him as Lisa's father.<a href="#cite_note-machineofthe_year1-94">[94]</a> It required him to pay Brennan $385 (equivalent to about $1,200 in 2023) monthly in addition to returning the welfare money she had received. Jobs paid her $500 (equivalent to about $1,500 in 2023) monthly at the time when Apple went public and made him a millionaire. Later, Brennan agreed to an interview with <a href="/wiki/Michael_Moritz" title="Michael Moritz">Michael Moritz</a> for <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a> magazine for its <a href="/wiki/Time_Person_of_the_Year" title="Time Person of the Year">Time Person of the Year</a> special, released on January 3, 1983, in which she discussed her relationship with Jobs. Rather than name Jobs the Person of the Year, the magazine named the generic <a href="/wiki/Personal_computer" title="Personal computer">personal computer</a> the "Machine of the Year".<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> In the issue, Jobs questioned the reliability of the paternity test, which stated that the "probability of paternity for Jobs, Steven... is 94.1%".<a href="#cite_note-machineofthe_year1-94">[94]</a> He responded by arguing that "28% of the male population of the United States could be the father". Time also noted that "the baby girl and the machine on which Apple has placed so much hope for the future share the same name: Lisa".<a href="#cite_note-machineofthe_year1-94">[94]</a> In 1978, at age 23, Jobs was worth over $1 million (equivalent to $4.67 million in 2023). By age 25, his net worth grew to an estimated $250 million (equivalent to $838 million in 2023). He was also one of the youngest "people ever to make the Forbes list of the nation's richest people—and one of only a handful to have done it themselves, without inherited wealth".<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> In 1982, Jobs bought an apartment on the top two floors of <a href="/wiki/The_San_Remo" title="The San Remo">The San Remo</a>, a Manhattan building with a politically progressive reputation. Although he never lived there,<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> he spent years renovating it thanks to <a href="/wiki/I._M._Pei" title="I. M. Pei">I. M. Pei</a>. In 1983, Jobs lured <a href="/wiki/John_Sculley" title="John Sculley">John Sculley</a> away from <a href="/wiki/Pepsi-Cola" class="mw-redirect" title="Pepsi-Cola">Pepsi-Cola</a> to serve as Apple's CEO, asking, "Do you want to spend the rest of your life selling sugared water, or do you want a chance to change the world?".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaacson2011386–387-98">[98]</a> In 1984, Jobs bought the <a href="/wiki/Jackling_House" title="Jackling House">Jackling House</a> and estate and resided there for a decade. Thereafter, he leased it out for several years until 2000 when he stopped maintaining the house, allowing weathering to degrade it. In 2004, Jobs received permission from the town of Woodside to demolish the house to build a smaller, contemporary styled one. After a few years in court, the house was finally demolished in 2011, a few months before he died.<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:292px;max-width:292px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:151px;max-width:151px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:199px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Early_Macintosh_Prototype_Computer_History_Museum_Mountain_View_California_2013-04-11_23-45.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Macintosh prototype" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Early_Macintosh_Prototype_Computer_History_Museum_Mountain_View_California_2013-04-11_23-45.jpg/149px-Early_Macintosh_Prototype_Computer_History_Museum_Mountain_View_California_2013-04-11_23-45.jpg" decoding="async" width="149" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Early_Macintosh_Prototype_Computer_History_Museum_Mountain_View_California_2013-04-11_23-45.jpg/224px-Early_Macintosh_Prototype_Computer_History_Museum_Mountain_View_California_2013-04-11_23-45.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Early_Macintosh_Prototype_Computer_History_Museum_Mountain_View_California_2013-04-11_23-45.jpg/298px-Early_Macintosh_Prototype_Computer_History_Museum_Mountain_View_California_2013-04-11_23-45.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1936" data-file-height="2592" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">A Macintosh prototype, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1981</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:137px;max-width:137px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:199px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Steve_Jobs_and_Macintosh_computer,_January_1984,_by_Bernard_Gotfryd_-_edited.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Jobs with Mac" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Steve_Jobs_and_Macintosh_computer%2C_January_1984%2C_by_Bernard_Gotfryd_-_edited.jpg/135px-Steve_Jobs_and_Macintosh_computer%2C_January_1984%2C_by_Bernard_Gotfryd_-_edited.jpg" decoding="async" width="135" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Steve_Jobs_and_Macintosh_computer%2C_January_1984%2C_by_Bernard_Gotfryd_-_edited.jpg/203px-Steve_Jobs_and_Macintosh_computer%2C_January_1984%2C_by_Bernard_Gotfryd_-_edited.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Steve_Jobs_and_Macintosh_computer%2C_January_1984%2C_by_Bernard_Gotfryd_-_edited.jpg/270px-Steve_Jobs_and_Macintosh_computer%2C_January_1984%2C_by_Bernard_Gotfryd_-_edited.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3340" data-file-height="4918" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Jobs and the Macintosh, 1984</div></div></div></div></div> Jobs took over development of the <a href="/wiki/Macintosh" class="mw-redirect" title="Macintosh">Macintosh</a> in 1981, from early Apple employee <a href="/wiki/Jef_Raskin" title="Jef Raskin">Jef Raskin</a>, who had conceived the project. Wozniak and Raskin had heavily influenced the early program, and Wozniak was on leave during this time due to an airplane crash earlier that year, making it easier for Jobs to take over the project.<a href="#cite_note-TheVerge-100">[100]</a><a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaacson2011109–112-102">[102]</a> On January 22, 1984, Apple aired a <a href="/wiki/Super_Bowl" title="Super Bowl">Super Bowl</a> television commercial titled "<a href="/wiki/1984_(television_commercial)" class="mw-redirect" title="1984 (television commercial)">1984</a>", which ended with the words: "On January 24th, Apple Computer will introduce Macintosh. And you'll see why 1984 won't be like <a href="/wiki/Nineteen_Eighty-Four" title="Nineteen Eighty-Four">1984</a>."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELinzmayer2004110–113-103">[103]</a> On January 24, 1984, an emotional Jobs introduced the Macintosh to a wildly enthusiastic audience at Apple's annual shareholders meeting held in the <a href="/wiki/De_Anza_College#The_Flint_Center_for_the_Performing_Arts" title="De Anza College">Flint Auditorium</a> at De Anza College.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaacson2011167–170-104">[104]</a><a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> Macintosh engineer <a href="/wiki/Andy_Hertzfeld" title="Andy Hertzfeld">Andy Hertzfeld</a> described the scene as "pandemonium".<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> The Macintosh was inspired by the <a href="/wiki/Apple_Lisa" title="Apple Lisa">Lisa</a> (in turn inspired by <a href="/wiki/PARC_user_interface" class="mw-redirect" title="PARC user interface">Xerox PARC's</a> <a href="/wiki/Computer_mouse" title="Computer mouse">mouse</a>-driven <a href="/wiki/Graphical_user_interface" title="Graphical user interface">graphical user interface</a>),<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a><a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> and it was widely acclaimed by the media with strong initial sales.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaacson2011185–187-109">[109]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchlender201684–88-110">[110]</a> However, its low performance and limited range of available software led to a rapid sales decline in the second half of 1984.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaacson2011185–187-109">[109]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchlender201684–88-110">[110]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELinzmayer200498-111">[111]</a> Sculley's and Jobs's respective visions for the company greatly differed. Sculley favored <a href="/wiki/Open_architecture" title="Open architecture">open architecture</a> computers like the Apple II, targeting education, small business, and home markets less vulnerable to IBM. Jobs wanted the company to focus on the <a href="/wiki/Closed_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Closed architecture">closed architecture</a> Macintosh as a business alternative to the IBM PC. President and CEO Sculley had little control over chairman of the board Jobs's Macintosh division; it and the Apple II division operated like separate companies, duplicating services.<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> Although its products provided 85% of Apple's sales in early 1985, the company's January 1985 <a href="/wiki/Annual_meeting" class="mw-redirect" title="Annual meeting">annual meeting</a> did not mention the Apple II division or employees. Many left, including Wozniak, who stated that the company had "been going in the wrong direction for the last five years" and sold most of his stock.<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> Though frustrated with the company's and Jobs's dismissal of the Apple II in favor of the Macintosh, Wozniak left amicably and remained an honorary employee of Apple, maintaining a lifelong friendship with Jobs.<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a><a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a><a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Steve_Jobs_with_Wendell_Brown_in_January_1984,_at_the_launch_of_Brown%27s_Hippo-C_software_for_Macintosh.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Steve_Jobs_with_Wendell_Brown_in_January_1984%2C_at_the_launch_of_Brown%27s_Hippo-C_software_for_Macintosh.jpg/170px-Steve_Jobs_with_Wendell_Brown_in_January_1984%2C_at_the_launch_of_Brown%27s_Hippo-C_software_for_Macintosh.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="239" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Steve_Jobs_with_Wendell_Brown_in_January_1984%2C_at_the_launch_of_Brown%27s_Hippo-C_software_for_Macintosh.jpg/255px-Steve_Jobs_with_Wendell_Brown_in_January_1984%2C_at_the_launch_of_Brown%27s_Hippo-C_software_for_Macintosh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Steve_Jobs_with_Wendell_Brown_in_January_1984%2C_at_the_launch_of_Brown%27s_Hippo-C_software_for_Macintosh.jpg/340px-Steve_Jobs_with_Wendell_Brown_in_January_1984%2C_at_the_launch_of_Brown%27s_Hippo-C_software_for_Macintosh.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1700" data-file-height="2385" /></a><figcaption>Jobs with software developer <a href="/wiki/Wendell_Brown" title="Wendell Brown">Wendell Brown</a>, 1984</figcaption></figure> By early 1985, the Macintosh's failure to defeat the IBM PC became clear,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaacson2011185–187-109">[109]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchlender201684–88-110">[110]</a> and it strengthened Sculley's position in the company. In May 1985, Sculley—encouraged by Arthur Rock—decided to reorganize Apple, and proposed a plan to the board that would remove Jobs from the Macintosh group and put him in charge of "New Product Development". This move would effectively render Jobs powerless within Apple.<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> In response, Jobs then developed a plan to get rid of Sculley and take over Apple. However, Jobs was confronted after the plan was leaked, and he said that he would leave Apple. The Board declined his resignation and asked him to reconsider. Sculley also told Jobs that he had all of the votes needed to go ahead with the reorganization. A few months later, on September 17, 1985, Jobs submitted a letter of resignation to the Apple Board. Five additional senior Apple employees also resigned and joined Jobs in his new venture, NeXT.<a href="#cite_note-:0-118">[118]</a> The Macintosh's struggle continued after Jobs left Apple. Though marketed and received in fanfare, the expensive Macintosh was hard to sell.<a href="#cite_note-Swaine-119">[119]</a>: 308–309  In 1985, <a href="/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates">Bill Gates</a>'s then-developing company, <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>, threatened to stop developing Mac applications unless it was granted "a license for the Mac operating system software. Microsoft was developing its graphical user interface ... for DOS, which it was calling <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Windows</a> and didn't want Apple to sue over the similarities between the Windows GUI and the Mac interface."<a href="#cite_note-Swaine-119">[119]</a>: 321  Sculley granted Microsoft the license which later led to problems for Apple.<a href="#cite_note-Swaine-119">[119]</a>: 321  In addition, cheap <a href="/wiki/IBM_PC_compatible" title="IBM PC compatible">IBM PC clones</a> that ran Microsoft software and had a graphical user interface began to appear. Although the Macintosh preceded the clones, it was far more expensive, so "through the late 1980s, the Windows user interface was getting better and better and was thus taking increasingly more share from Apple".<a href="#cite_note-Swaine-119">[119]</a>: 322  Windows-based IBM-PC clones also led to the development of additional GUIs such as IBM's TopView or Digital Research's GEM,<a href="#cite_note-Swaine-119">[119]</a>: 322  and thus "the graphical user interface was beginning to be taken for granted, undermining the most apparent advantage of the Mac...it seemed clear as the 1980s wound down that Apple couldn't go it alone indefinitely against the whole IBM-clone market".<a href="#cite_note-Swaine-119">[119]</a>: 322  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1985–1997">1985–1997</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="NeXT_computer">NeXT computer</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/NeXT" title="NeXT">NeXT</a></div> Following his resignation from Apple in 1985, Jobs founded NeXT Inc.<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> with $7 million. A year later he was running out of money, and he sought venture capital with no product on the horizon. Eventually, Jobs attracted the attention of billionaire <a href="/wiki/Ross_Perot" title="Ross Perot">Ross Perot</a>, who invested heavily in the company.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELinzmayer2004208-121">[121]</a> The NeXT computer was shown to the world in what was considered Jobs's comeback event,<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> a lavish invitation-only gala <a href="/wiki/NeXT_Introduction" title="NeXT Introduction">launch event</a><a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> that was described as a multimedia extravaganza.<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> The celebration was held at the <a href="/wiki/Louise_M._Davies_Symphony_Hall" title="Louise M. Davies Symphony Hall">Louise M. Davies Symphony Hall</a>, San Francisco, California, on Wednesday, October 12, 1988. <a href="/wiki/Steve_Wozniak" title="Steve Wozniak">Steve Wozniak</a> said in a 2013 interview that while Jobs was at NeXT he was "really getting his head together".<a href="#cite_note-TheVerge-100">[100]</a> NeXT workstations were first released in 1990 and priced at $9,999 (equivalent to about $23,000 in 2023). Like the <a href="/wiki/Apple_Lisa" title="Apple Lisa">Apple Lisa</a>, the NeXT workstation was technologically advanced and designed for the education sector but was largely dismissed as cost prohibitive.<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> The NeXT workstation was known for its technical strengths, chief among them its <a href="/wiki/Object-oriented" class="mw-redirect" title="Object-oriented">object-oriented</a> software development system. Jobs marketed NeXT products to the financial, scientific, and academic community, highlighting its innovative, experimental new technologies, such as the <a href="/wiki/Mach_kernel" class="mw-redirect" title="Mach kernel">Mach kernel</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Digital_signal_processor" title="Digital signal processor">digital signal processor</a> chip, and the built-in <a href="/wiki/Ethernet" title="Ethernet">Ethernet</a> port. Making use of a NeXT computer, English computer scientist <a href="/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee">Tim Berners-Lee</a> invented the <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web" title="World Wide Web">World Wide Web</a> in 1990 at <a href="/wiki/CERN" title="CERN">CERN</a> in Switzerland.<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> The revised, second generation <a href="/wiki/NeXTcube" title="NeXTcube">NeXTcube</a> was released in 1990. Jobs touted it as the first "interpersonal" computer that would replace the personal computer. With its innovative <a href="/wiki/NeXTMail" class="mw-redirect" title="NeXTMail">NeXTMail</a> multimedia email system, NeXTcube could share voice, image, graphics, and video in email for the first time. "Interpersonal computing is going to revolutionize human communications and groupwork", Jobs told reporters.<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> Jobs ran NeXT with an obsession for aesthetic perfection, as evidenced by the development of and attention to NeXTcube's magnesium case.<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> This put considerable strain on NeXT's hardware division, and in 1993, after having sold only 50,000 machines, NeXT transitioned fully to software development with the release of <a href="/wiki/NeXTSTEP" title="NeXTSTEP">NeXTSTEP</a>/<a href="/wiki/Intel" title="Intel">Intel</a>.<a href="#cite_note-OGrady-129">[129]</a> The company reported its first yearly profit of $1.03 million in 1994.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELinzmayer2004213-130">[130]</a> In 1996, NeXT Software, Inc. released <a href="/wiki/WebObjects" title="WebObjects">WebObjects</a>, a framework for Web application development. After NeXT was acquired by Apple Inc. in 1997, WebObjects was used to build and run the Apple Store,<a href="#cite_note-OGrady-129">[129]</a> <a href="/wiki/MobileMe" title="MobileMe">MobileMe</a> services, and the iTunes Store.<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pixar_and_Disney">Pixar and Disney</h3></div> In 1986, Jobs funded the spinout of The Graphics Group (later renamed Pixar) from <a href="/wiki/Lucasfilm" title="Lucasfilm">Lucasfilm</a>'s computer graphics division for the price of $10 million, $5 million of which was given to the company as capital and $5 million of which was paid to Lucasfilm for technology rights.<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_Bug%27s_Life_crew_in_Oval_Office_1998.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/A_Bug%27s_Life_crew_in_Oval_Office_1998.jpg/220px-A_Bug%27s_Life_crew_in_Oval_Office_1998.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/A_Bug%27s_Life_crew_in_Oval_Office_1998.jpg/330px-A_Bug%27s_Life_crew_in_Oval_Office_1998.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/A_Bug%27s_Life_crew_in_Oval_Office_1998.jpg/440px-A_Bug%27s_Life_crew_in_Oval_Office_1998.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1165" data-file-height="774" /></a><figcaption>Jobs and his <a href="/wiki/Pixar" title="Pixar">Pixar</a> team visited the <a href="/wiki/Oval_Office" title="Oval Office">Oval Office</a> in 1998.</figcaption></figure> The first film produced by Pixar with its <a href="/wiki/The_Walt_Disney_Company" title="The Walt Disney Company">Disney</a> partnership, <a href="/wiki/Toy_Story" title="Toy Story">Toy Story</a> (1995), with Jobs credited as executive producer,<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> brought financial success and critical acclaim to the studio when it was released. Over the course of Jobs's life, under Pixar's creative chief <a href="/wiki/John_Lasseter" title="John Lasseter">John Lasseter</a>, the company produced box-office hits <a href="/wiki/A_Bug%27s_Life" title="A Bug's Life">A Bug's Life</a> (1998), <a href="/wiki/Toy_Story_2" title="Toy Story 2">Toy Story 2</a> (1999), <a href="/wiki/Monsters,_Inc." title="Monsters, Inc.">Monsters, Inc.</a> (2001), <a href="/wiki/Finding_Nemo" title="Finding Nemo">Finding Nemo</a> (2003), <a href="/wiki/The_Incredibles" title="The Incredibles">The Incredibles</a> (2004), <a href="/wiki/Cars_(film)" title="Cars (film)">Cars</a> (2006), <a href="/wiki/Ratatouille_(film)" title="Ratatouille (film)">Ratatouille</a> (2007), <a href="/wiki/WALL-E" title="WALL-E">WALL-E</a> (2008), <a href="/wiki/Up_(2009_film)" title="Up (2009 film)">Up</a> (2009), <a href="/wiki/Toy_Story_3" title="Toy Story 3">Toy Story 3</a> (2010), and <a href="/wiki/Cars_2" title="Cars 2">Cars 2</a> (2011). <a href="/wiki/Brave_(2012_film)" title="Brave (2012 film)">Brave</a> (2012), Pixar's first film to be produced since Jobs's death, honored him with a tribute for his contributions to the studio.<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a> Finding Nemo, The Incredibles, Ratatouille, WALL-E, Up, Toy Story 3, and Brave each received the <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Animated_Feature" title="Academy Award for Best Animated Feature">Academy Award for Best Animated Feature</a>, an award introduced in 2001.<a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a><a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a> In 2003 and 2004, as Pixar's contract with Disney was running out, Jobs and Disney chief executive <a href="/wiki/Michael_Eisner" title="Michael Eisner">Michael Eisner</a> tried but failed to negotiate a new partnership,<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a> and in January 2004, Jobs announced that he would never deal with Disney again.<a href="#cite_note-iger20190918-138">[138]</a> In October 2005, <a href="/wiki/Bob_Iger" title="Bob Iger">Bob Iger</a> replaced Eisner at Disney, and Iger quickly worked to mend relations with Jobs and Pixar. On January 24, 2006, Jobs and Iger announced that Disney had agreed to purchase Pixar in an all-stock transaction worth $7.4 billion. When the deal closed, Jobs became The Walt Disney Company's largest single shareholder with approximately seven percent of the company's stock.<a href="#cite_note-DisneyBuysPixar-139">[139]</a> Jobs's holdings in Disney far exceeded those of Eisner, who holds 1.7%, and of Disney family member <a href="/wiki/Roy_E._Disney" title="Roy E. Disney">Roy E. Disney</a>, who until his 2009 death held about 1% of the company's stock and whose criticisms of Eisner—especially that he soured Disney's relationship with Pixar—accelerated Eisner's ousting. Upon completion of the merger, Jobs received 7% of Disney shares, and joined the board of directors as the largest individual shareholder.<a href="#cite_note-DisneyBuysPixar-139">[139]</a><a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a><a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a> Upon Jobs's death his shares in Disney were transferred to the Steven P. Jobs Trust led by <a href="/wiki/Laurene_Jobs" class="mw-redirect" title="Laurene Jobs">Laurene Jobs</a>.<a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a> After Jobs's death, Iger recalled in 2019 that many warned him about Jobs, "that he would bully me and everyone else". Iger wrote, "Who wouldn't want Steve Jobs to have influence over how a company is run?", and that as an active Disney board member "he rarely created trouble for me. Not never but rarely." He speculated that they would have seriously considered merging Disney and Apple had Jobs lived.<a href="#cite_note-iger20190918-138">[138]</a> <a href="/wiki/Floyd_Norman" title="Floyd Norman">Floyd Norman</a>, of Pixar, described Jobs as a "mature, mellow individual" who never interfered with the creative process of the filmmakers.<a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a> In early June 2014, Pixar cofounder and <a href="/wiki/Walt_Disney_Animation_Studios" title="Walt Disney Animation Studios">Walt Disney Animation Studios</a> President <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Catmull" title="Edwin Catmull">Edwin Catmull</a> revealed that Jobs once advised him to "just explain it to them until they understand" in disagreements. Catmull released the book <a href="/wiki/Creativity,_Inc." title="Creativity, Inc.">Creativity, Inc.</a> in 2014, in which he recounts numerous experiences of working with Jobs. Regarding his own manner of dealing with Jobs, Catmull writes:<a href="#cite_note-ventures-144">[144]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">In all the 26 years with Steve, Steve and I never had one of these loud verbal arguments, and it's not my nature to do that. ... but we did disagree fairly frequently about things. ... I would say something to him and he would immediately shoot it down because he could think faster than I could. ... I would then wait a week ... I'd call him up, and I give my counterargument to what he had said, and he'd immediately shoot it down. So I had to wait another week, and occasionally this went on for months. But ultimately one of three things happened. About a third of the time he said, "Oh, I get it, you're right", and that was the end of it. And it was another third of the time in which [I'd] say, "Actually I think he is right". The other third of the time, where we didn't reach consensus, he just let me do it my way, never said anything more about it.<a href="#cite_note-ventures-144">[144]</a></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1997–2011">1997–2011</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Return_to_Apple">Return to Apple</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc.#1997–2007:_Return_to_profitability" title="Apple Inc.">Apple Inc. § 1997–2007: Return to profitability</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stevejobs_Macworld2005.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Full-length portrait of a middle-aged man, wearing jeans and a black turtleneck shirt, standing in front of a dark curtain with a white Apple logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Stevejobs_Macworld2005.jpg/170px-Stevejobs_Macworld2005.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="283" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Stevejobs_Macworld2005.jpg/255px-Stevejobs_Macworld2005.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Stevejobs_Macworld2005.jpg/340px-Stevejobs_Macworld2005.jpg 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="1041" /></a><figcaption>Jobs presented at <a href="/wiki/Macworld_Conference_%26_Expo" class="mw-redirect" title="Macworld Conference & Expo">Macworld Conference & Expo</a> in 2005</figcaption></figure> In 1996, Jobs's former company Apple was struggling and its survival depended on completing its next operating system. After failed negotiations to purchase <a href="/wiki/Be_Inc." title="Be Inc.">Be Inc.</a>,<a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a><a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a> Apple eventually came to a deal with NeXT in December<a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a> for $400 million; the deal was finalized in February 1997, bringing Jobs back to the company he had cofounded.<a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a> Jobs became de facto chief after then-CEO <a href="/wiki/Gil_Amelio" title="Gil Amelio">Gil Amelio</a> was ousted in July 1997. He was formally named interim chief executive on September 16.<a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a> In March 1998, to concentrate Apple's efforts on returning to profitability, Jobs terminated several projects, such as <a href="/wiki/Newton_(platform)" class="mw-redirect" title="Newton (platform)">Newton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cyberdog" title="Cyberdog">Cyberdog</a>, and <a href="/wiki/OpenDoc" title="OpenDoc">OpenDoc</a>. In the coming months, many employees developed a fear of encountering Jobs while riding in the elevator, "afraid that they might not have a job when the doors opened. The reality was that Jobs's summary executions were rare, but a handful of victims was enough to terrorize a whole company."<a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a> Jobs changed the licensing program for <a href="/wiki/Macintosh_clones" class="mw-redirect" title="Macintosh clones">Macintosh clones</a>, making it too costly for the manufacturers to continue making machines. With the purchase of NeXT, much of the company's technology found its way into Apple products, most notably <a href="/wiki/NeXTSTEP" title="NeXTSTEP">NeXTSTEP</a>, which evolved into Mac OS X. Under Jobs's guidance, the company increased sales significantly with the introduction of the iMac and other new products; since then, appealing designs and powerful branding have worked well for Apple. At the 2000 Macworld Expo, Jobs officially dropped the "interim" modifier from his title at Apple and became permanent CEO.<a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a> Jobs quipped at the time that he would be using the title "iCEO".<a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a> The company subsequently branched out, introducing and improving upon other digital appliances. With the introduction of the iPod portable music player, iTunes digital music software, and the iTunes Store, the company made forays into consumer electronics and music distribution. On June 29, 2007, Apple entered the cellular phone business with the introduction of the iPhone, a <a href="/wiki/Multi-touch" title="Multi-touch">multi-touch</a> display cell phone, which also included the features of an iPod and, with its own mobile browser, revolutionized the mobile browsing scene. While nurturing open-ended innovation, Jobs also reminded his employees that "real artists ship".<a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a> Jobs had a public war of words with <a href="/wiki/Dell,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Dell, Inc.">Dell Computer</a> CEO <a href="/wiki/Michael_Dell" title="Michael Dell">Michael Dell</a>, starting in 1987, when Jobs first criticized Dell for making "un-innovative beige boxes".<a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a> On October 6, 1997, at a <a href="/wiki/Gartner" title="Gartner">Gartner</a> Symposium, when Dell was asked what he would do if he ran the then-troubled Apple Computer company, he said: "I'd shut it down and give the money back to the shareholders".<a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a> Then, in 2006, Jobs emailed all employees when Apple's <a href="/wiki/Market_capitalization" title="Market capitalization">market capitalization</a> rose above Dell's. It read: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">Team, it turned out that Michael Dell wasn't perfect at predicting the future. Based on today's stock market close, Apple is worth more than Dell. Stocks go up and down, and things may be different tomorrow, but I thought it was worth a moment of reflection today. Steve.<a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a></blockquote> Jobs was both admired and criticized for his consummate skill at persuasion and salesmanship, which has been dubbed the "<a href="/wiki/Reality_distortion_field" title="Reality distortion field">reality distortion field</a>" and was particularly evident during his keynote speeches (colloquially known as "<a href="/wiki/Stevenote" title="Stevenote">Stevenotes</a>") at <a href="/wiki/Macworld_Conference_%26_Expo" class="mw-redirect" title="Macworld Conference & Expo">Macworld Expos</a> and at <a href="/wiki/Apple_Worldwide_Developers_Conference" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple Worldwide Developers Conference">Apple Worldwide Developers Conferences</a>.<a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a> Jobs usually went to work wearing a black long-sleeved <a href="/wiki/Mock_turtleneck" class="mw-redirect" title="Mock turtleneck">mock turtleneck</a> made by <a href="/wiki/Issey_Miyake" title="Issey Miyake">Issey Miyake</a>, <a href="/wiki/Levi%27s" class="mw-redirect" title="Levi's">Levi's</a> 501 blue jeans, and <a href="/wiki/New_Balance" title="New Balance">New Balance</a> 991 sneakers.<a href="#cite_note-latimes_turtleneck-158">[158]</a><a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a> Jobs told his biographer Walter Isaacson "...he came to like the idea of having a uniform for himself, both because of its daily convenience (the rationale he claimed) and its ability to convey a signature style".<a href="#cite_note-latimes_turtleneck-158">[158]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Steve_Jobs_and_Bill_Gates_(522695099).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Two middle-aged men shown full length, sitting in red leather chairs and smiling at each other" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Steve_Jobs_and_Bill_Gates_%28522695099%29.jpg/220px-Steve_Jobs_and_Bill_Gates_%28522695099%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Steve_Jobs_and_Bill_Gates_%28522695099%29.jpg/330px-Steve_Jobs_and_Bill_Gates_%28522695099%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Steve_Jobs_and_Bill_Gates_%28522695099%29.jpg/440px-Steve_Jobs_and_Bill_Gates_%28522695099%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3076" data-file-height="2194" /></a><figcaption>Jobs and <a href="/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates">Bill Gates</a> were a panel at the fifth D: All Things Digital conference in 2007.</figcaption></figure> In 2001, Jobs was granted stock options in the amount of 7.5 million shares of Apple with an exercise price of $18.30. It was alleged that the options had been <a href="/wiki/Backdating" class="mw-redirect" title="Backdating">backdated</a>, and that the exercise price should have been $21.10. It was further alleged that Jobs had thereby incurred taxable income of $20,000,000 that he did not report, and that Apple overstated its earnings by that same amount. As a result, Jobs potentially faced a number of criminal charges and civil penalties. The case was the subject of active criminal and civil government investigations,<a href="#cite_note-160">[160]</a> though an independent internal Apple investigation completed on December 29, 2006, found that Jobs was unaware of these issues and that the options granted to him were returned without being exercised in 2003.<a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a> In 2005, Jobs responded to criticism of Apple's poor recycling programs for <a href="/wiki/E-waste" class="mw-redirect" title="E-waste">e-waste</a> in the US by lashing out at environmental and other advocates at Apple's annual meeting in Cupertino in April. A few weeks later, Apple announced it would take back iPods for free at its retail stores. The <a href="/wiki/Computer_recycling#Takeback" class="mw-redirect" title="Computer recycling">Computer TakeBack Campaign</a> responded by flying a banner from a plane over the Stanford University graduation at which Jobs was the commencement speaker. The banner read "Steve, don't be a mini-player—recycle all e-waste".<a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Steve_Jobs_WWDC07.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Steve_Jobs_WWDC07.jpg/220px-Steve_Jobs_WWDC07.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Steve_Jobs_WWDC07.jpg/330px-Steve_Jobs_WWDC07.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Steve_Jobs_WWDC07.jpg/440px-Steve_Jobs_WWDC07.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1761" data-file-height="1734" /></a><figcaption>Jobs speaking at the <a href="/wiki/Apple_Worldwide_Developers_Conference" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple Worldwide Developers Conference">Apple Worldwide Developers Conference</a> in 2007</figcaption></figure> In 2006, he further expanded Apple's recycling programs to any US customer who buys a new Mac. This program includes shipping and "environmentally friendly disposal" of their old systems.<a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a> The success of Apple's unique products and services provided several years of stable financial returns, propelling Apple to become the world's most valuable publicly traded company in 2011.<a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a> Jobs was perceived as a demanding perfectionist<a href="#cite_note-165">[165]</a><a href="#cite_note-166">[166]</a> who always aspired to position his businesses and their products at the forefront of the information technology industry by foreseeing and setting innovation and style trends. He summed up this self-concept at the end of his keynote speech at the <a href="/wiki/Macworld_Conference_%26_Expo#2007" class="mw-redirect" title="Macworld Conference & Expo">Macworld Conference and Expo</a> in January 2007, by quoting ice hockey player <a href="/wiki/Wayne_Gretzky" title="Wayne Gretzky">Wayne Gretzky</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">There's an old Wayne Gretzky quote that I love. "I skate to where the puck is going to be, not where it has been". And we've always tried to do that at Apple. Since the very, very beginning. And we always will.<a href="#cite_note-167">[167]</a></blockquote> On July 1, 2008, a $7 billion class action suit was filed against several members of the Apple board of directors for revenue lost because of alleged securities fraud.<a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a><a href="#cite_note-169">[169]</a> In a 2011 interview with biographer Walter Isaacson, Jobs revealed that he had met with US President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a>, complained about the nation's shortage of software engineers, and told Obama that he was "headed for a one-term presidency".<a href="#cite_note-obama-170">[170]</a> Jobs proposed that any foreign student who got an engineering degree at a US university should automatically be offered a green card. After the meeting, Jobs commented, "The president is very smart, but he kept explaining to us reasons why things can't get done ... It infuriates me".<a href="#cite_note-obama-170">[170]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Health_problems">Health problems</h2></div> In October 2003, Jobs was diagnosed with <a href="/wiki/Cancer" title="Cancer">cancer</a>. In mid 2004, he announced to his employees that he had a cancerous tumor in his <a href="/wiki/Pancreas" title="Pancreas">pancreas</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Evangelista-2004-171">[171]</a> The prognosis for <a href="/wiki/Pancreatic_cancer" title="Pancreatic cancer">pancreatic cancer</a> is very poor;<a href="#cite_note-172">[172]</a> Jobs stated that he had a rare, less aggressive type, known as islet cell neuroendocrine tumor.<a href="#cite_note-Evangelista-2004-171">[171]</a> Jobs resisted his doctors' recommendations for medical intervention for nine months,<a href="#cite_note-173">[173]</a> in favor of <a href="/wiki/Alternative_medicine" title="Alternative medicine">alternative medicine</a>. Other doctors agree that Jobs's diet was insufficient to address his disease. However, cancer researcher and alternative medicine critic <a href="/wiki/David_Gorski" title="David Gorski">David Gorski</a> wrote that "it's impossible to know whether and by how much he might have decreased his chances of surviving his cancer through his flirtation with woo. My best guess was that Jobs probably only modestly decreased his chances of survival, if that."<a href="#cite_note-174">[174]</a><a href="#cite_note-175">[175]</a> <a href="/wiki/Barrie_R._Cassileth" title="Barrie R. Cassileth">Barrie R. Cassileth</a>, the chief of <a href="/wiki/Memorial_Sloan_Kettering_Cancer_Center" title="Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center">Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Integrative_medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="Integrative medicine">integrative medicine</a> department,<a href="#cite_note-176">[176]</a> on the other hand, said, "Jobs's faith in alternative medicine likely cost him his life ... He had the only kind of pancreatic cancer that is treatable and curable ... He essentially committed suicide."<a href="#cite_note-177">[177]</a> According to biographer Walter Isaacson, "for nine months he refused to undergo surgery for his pancreatic cancer – a decision he later regretted as his health declined".<a href="#cite_note-178">[178]</a> "Instead, he tried a vegan diet, acupuncture, herbal remedies, and other treatments he found online, and even consulted a psychic. He was also influenced by a doctor who ran a clinic that advised juice fasts, bowel cleansings and other unproven approaches, before finally having surgery in July 2004."<a href="#cite_note-179">[179]</a><a href="#cite_note-180">[180]</a> He underwent a <a href="/wiki/Pancreaticoduodenectomy" title="Pancreaticoduodenectomy">pancreaticoduodenectomy</a> (or "Whipple procedure") that appeared to remove the tumor successfully.<a href="#cite_note-181">[181]</a><a href="#cite_note-182">[182]</a> Jobs did not receive <a href="/wiki/Chemotherapy" title="Chemotherapy">chemotherapy</a> or <a href="/wiki/Radiation_therapy" title="Radiation therapy">radiation therapy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Evangelista-2004-171">[171]</a><a href="#cite_note-Elmer-183">[183]</a> During Jobs's absence, <a href="/wiki/Tim_Cook" title="Tim Cook">Tim Cook</a>, head of worldwide sales and operations at Apple, ran the company.<a href="#cite_note-Evangelista-2004-171">[171]</a> In January 2006, only Jobs's wife, his doctors, and <a href="/wiki/Bob_Iger" title="Bob Iger">Iger</a> knew that his cancer had returned. Jobs told Iger privately that he hoped to live to see his own son Reed's high school graduation in 2010.<a href="#cite_note-iger20190918-138">[138]</a> In early August 2006, Jobs delivered the keynote for Apple's annual Worldwide Developers Conference. His "thin, almost gaunt" appearance and unusually "listless" delivery,<a href="#cite_note-184">[184]</a><a href="#cite_note-185">[185]</a> together with his choice to delegate significant portions of his keynote to other presenters, inspired a flurry of media and internet speculation about the state of his health.<a href="#cite_note-186">[186]</a> In contrast, according to an <a href="/wiki/Ars_Technica" title="Ars Technica">Ars Technica</a> journal report, Worldwide Developers Conference (WWDC) attendees who saw Jobs in person said he "looked fine".<a href="#cite_note-187">[187]</a> Following the keynote, an Apple spokesperson said that "Steve's health is robust".<a href="#cite_note-188">[188]</a> Two years later, similar concerns followed Jobs's 2008 WWDC keynote address.<a href="#cite_note-189">[189]</a> Apple officials stated that Jobs was victim to a "common bug" and was taking antibiotics,<a href="#cite_note-190">[190]</a> while others surmised his <a href="/wiki/Cachexia" title="Cachexia">cachectic appearance</a> was due to the Whipple procedure.<a href="#cite_note-Elmer-183">[183]</a> During a July conference call discussing Apple earnings, participants responded to repeated questions about Jobs's health by insisting that it was a "private matter". Others said that shareholders had a right to know more, given Jobs's hands-on approach to running his company.<a href="#cite_note-191">[191]</a><a href="#cite_note-192">[192]</a> Based on an off-the-record phone conversation with Jobs, <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> reported, "While his health problems amounted to a good deal more than 'a common bug', they weren't life-threatening and he doesn't have a recurrence of cancer".<a href="#cite_note-193">[193]</a> On August 28, 2008, <a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_News" title="Bloomberg News">Bloomberg</a> mistakenly published a 2500-word <a href="/wiki/Obituary" title="Obituary">obituary</a> of Jobs in its corporate news service, containing blank spaces for his age and cause of death. News carriers customarily stockpile up-to-date obituaries to facilitate news delivery in the event of a well-known figure's death. Although the error was promptly rectified, many news carriers and blogs reported on it,<a href="#cite_note-194">[194]</a> intensifying rumors concerning Jobs's health.<a href="#cite_note-195">[195]</a> Jobs responded at Apple's September 2008 Let's Rock keynote by paraphrasing <a href="/wiki/Mark_Twain" title="Mark Twain">Mark Twain</a>: "The reports of my death are greatly exaggerated."<a href="#cite_note-196">[196]</a><a href="#cite_note-197">[197]</a> At a subsequent media event, Jobs concluded his presentation with a slide reading "110/70", referring to his <a href="/wiki/Blood_pressure" title="Blood pressure">blood pressure</a>, stating he would not address further questions about his health.<a href="#cite_note-198">[198]</a> On December 16, 2008, Apple announced that marketing vice-president <a href="/wiki/Philip_W._Schiller" class="mw-redirect" title="Philip W. Schiller">Phil Schiller</a> would deliver the company's final keynote address at the <a href="/wiki/Macworld_Conference_and_Expo" class="mw-redirect" title="Macworld Conference and Expo">Macworld Conference and Expo</a> 2009, again reviving questions about Jobs's health.<a href="#cite_note-199">[199]</a><a href="#cite_note-200">[200]</a> In a statement given on January 5, 2009, on <a href="/wiki/Apple.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple.com">Apple.com</a>, Jobs said that he had been suffering from a "<a href="/wiki/Hormone_imbalance" class="mw-redirect" title="Hormone imbalance">hormone imbalance</a>" for several months.<a href="#cite_note-201">[201]</a><a href="#cite_note-202">[202]</a> On January 14, 2009, Jobs wrote in an internal Apple memo that in the previous week he had "learned that my health-related issues are more complex than I originally thought".<a href="#cite_note-absence-203">[203]</a> He announced a six-month leave of absence until the end of June 2009, to allow him to better focus on his health. Tim Cook, who previously acted as CEO in Jobs's 2004 absence, became acting CEO of Apple, with Jobs still involved with "major strategic decisions".<a href="#cite_note-absence-203">[203]</a> In 2009, Tim Cook offered a portion of his <a href="/wiki/Liver" title="Liver">liver</a> to Jobs, since both share a rare blood type, and the donor liver can regenerate tissue after such an operation. Jobs yelled, "I'll never let you do that. I'll never do that."<a href="#cite_note-204">[204]</a> In April 2009, Jobs underwent a <a href="/wiki/Liver_transplantation" title="Liver transplantation">liver transplantation</a> at <a href="/wiki/Methodist_University_Hospital" title="Methodist University Hospital">Methodist University Hospital</a> Transplant Institute in <a href="/wiki/Memphis,_Tennessee" title="Memphis, Tennessee">Memphis, Tennessee</a>.<a href="#cite_note-cnntrans-205">[205]</a><a href="#cite_note-206">[206]</a><a href="#cite_note-207">[207]</a> Jobs's prognosis was described as "excellent".<a href="#cite_note-cnntrans-205">[205]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Resignation">Resignation</h3></div> On January 17, 2011, a year and a half after Jobs returned to work following the liver transplant, Apple announced that he had been granted another leave of absence. Jobs announced his leave in a letter to employees, stating his decision was made "so he could focus on his health". As it did at the time of his 2009 medical leave, Apple announced that Tim Cook would run day-to-day operations and that Jobs would continue to be involved in major strategic decisions at the company.<a href="#cite_note-208">[208]</a><a href="#cite_note-209">[209]</a> While on leave, Jobs appeared at the <a href="/wiki/IPad_2" title="IPad 2">iPad 2</a> launch event on March 2, the <a href="/wiki/WWDC" class="mw-redirect" title="WWDC">WWDC</a> keynote introducing <a href="/wiki/ICloud" title="ICloud">iCloud</a> on June 6, and before the Cupertino City Council on June 7.<a href="#cite_note-210">[210]</a> On August 24, 2011, Jobs announced his resignation as Apple's CEO, writing to the board, "I have always said if there ever came a day when I could no longer meet my duties and expectations as Apple's CEO, I would be the first to let you know. Unfortunately, that day has come."<a href="#cite_note-211">[211]</a> Jobs became chairman of the board and named Tim Cook as his successor as CEO.<a href="#cite_note-212">[212]</a><a href="#cite_note-213">[213]</a> Jobs continued to work for Apple until the day before his death six weeks later.<a href="#cite_note-214">[214]</a><a href="#cite_note-215">[215]</a><a href="#cite_note-216">[216]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Death">Death</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Apple_flags_half-mast.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Apple_flags_half-mast.jpg/170px-Apple_flags_half-mast.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Apple_flags_half-mast.jpg/255px-Apple_flags_half-mast.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Apple_flags_half-mast.jpg/340px-Apple_flags_half-mast.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>Flags flew at <a href="/wiki/Half-staff" class="mw-redirect" title="Half-staff">half-staff</a> outside the <a href="/wiki/Apple_Infinite_Loop_campus" title="Apple Infinite Loop campus">Apple Infinite Loop campus</a> on the evening of Jobs's death.</figcaption></figure> Jobs died at his home in <a href="/wiki/Palo_Alto,_California" title="Palo Alto, California">Palo Alto, California</a>, around 3 p.m. (<a href="/wiki/Pacific_Time_Zone" title="Pacific Time Zone">PDT</a>) on October 5, 2011, due to complications from a <a href="/wiki/Relapse" title="Relapse">relapse</a> of his previously treated islet-cell <a href="/wiki/Pancreatic_neuroendocrine_tumor" title="Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor">pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor</a>,<a href="#cite_note-NYT_obit-65">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-217">[217]</a><a href="#cite_note-218">[218]</a> which resulted in <a href="/wiki/Respiratory_arrest" title="Respiratory arrest">respiratory arrest</a>.<a href="#cite_note-219">[219]</a> He had lost consciousness the day before and died with his wife, children, and sisters at his side.<a href="#cite_note-eulogy-220">[220]</a> His sister, <a href="/wiki/Mona_Simpson" title="Mona Simpson">Mona Simpson</a>, described his death thus: "Steve's final words, hours earlier, were monosyllables, repeated three times. Before embarking, he'd looked at his sister Patty, then for a long time at his children, then at his life's partner, Laurene, and then over their shoulders past them. Steve's final words were: 'Oh wow. Oh wow. Oh wow.' " He then lost consciousness and died several hours later.<a href="#cite_note-eulogy-220">[220]</a> A small private funeral was held on October 7, 2011, the details of which, out of respect for Jobs's family, were not made public.<a href="#cite_note-221">[221]</a> Both <a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a><a href="#cite_note-222">[222]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pixar" title="Pixar">Pixar</a> issued announcements of his death.<a href="#cite_note-223">[223]</a> Apple announced on the same day that they had no plans for a public service, but were encouraging "well-wishers" to send their remembrance messages to an email address created to receive such messages.<a href="#cite_note-224">[224]</a> Apple and <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> both flew their flags at <a href="/wiki/Half-staff" class="mw-redirect" title="Half-staff">half-staff</a> throughout their respective headquarters and campuses.<a href="#cite_note-225">[225]</a><a href="#cite_note-226">[226]</a> <a href="/wiki/Bob_Iger" title="Bob Iger">Bob Iger</a> ordered all <a href="/wiki/Disney" class="mw-redirect" title="Disney">Disney</a> properties, including <a href="/wiki/Walt_Disney_World" title="Walt Disney World">Walt Disney World</a> and <a href="/wiki/Disneyland" title="Disneyland">Disneyland</a>, to fly their flags at half-staff from October 6 to 12, 2011.<a href="#cite_note-227">[227]</a> For two weeks following his death, Apple displayed on its corporate website a simple page that showed Jobs's name and lifespan next to his portrait in grayscale.<a href="#cite_note-228">[228]</a><a href="#cite_note-229">[229]</a><a href="#cite_note-230">[230]</a> On October 19, 2011, Apple employees held a private memorial service for Jobs on the Apple campus in Cupertino. It was attended by Jobs's widow, Laurene, and by Tim Cook, <a href="/wiki/William_Campbell_(business_executive)" class="mw-redirect" title="William Campbell (business executive)">Bill Campbell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norah_Jones" title="Norah Jones">Norah Jones</a>, <a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Al Gore</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Coldplay" title="Coldplay">Coldplay</a>. Some of Apple's retail stores closed briefly so employees could attend the memorial. A video of the service was uploaded to Apple's website.<a href="#cite_note-231">[231]</a> California Governor <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Brown" title="Jerry Brown">Jerry Brown</a> declared Sunday, October 16, 2011, to be "Steve Jobs Day".<a href="#cite_note-232">[232]</a> On that day, an invitation-only memorial was held at <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a>. Those in attendance included Apple and other tech company executives, members of the media, celebrities, politicians, and family and close friends of Jobs. <a href="/wiki/Bono" title="Bono">Bono</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yo-Yo_Ma" title="Yo-Yo Ma">Yo-Yo Ma</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Joan_Baez" title="Joan Baez">Joan Baez</a> performed at the service, which lasted longer than an hour. There was high security with guards at all of the university's gates, and a helicopter overhead from an area news station.<a href="#cite_note-233">[233]</a><a href="#cite_note-234">[234]</a> Each attendee was given a small brown box as a "farewell gift" from Jobs, containing a copy of the <a href="/wiki/Autobiography_of_a_Yogi" title="Autobiography of a Yogi">Autobiography of a Yogi</a> (1946) by <a href="/wiki/Paramahansa_Yogananda" title="Paramahansa Yogananda">Paramahansa Yogananda</a>.<a href="#cite_note-235">[235]</a> Childhood friend and fellow Apple co-founder <a href="/wiki/Steve_Wozniak" title="Steve Wozniak">Steve Wozniak</a>,<a href="#cite_note-236">[236]</a> former owner of what would become Pixar, <a href="/wiki/George_Lucas" title="George Lucas">George Lucas</a>,<a href="#cite_note-237">[237]</a> his competitor Microsoft co-founder <a href="/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates">Bill Gates</a>,<a href="#cite_note-238">[238]</a> and President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a><a href="#cite_note-239">[239]</a> all made statements in response to his death. At his request, Jobs was buried in an <a href="/wiki/Unmarked_grave" title="Unmarked grave">unmarked grave</a> at <a href="/wiki/Alta_Mesa_Memorial_Park" title="Alta Mesa Memorial Park">Alta Mesa Memorial Park</a>, the only <a href="/wiki/Nonsectarian" title="Nonsectarian">nonsectarian</a> cemetery in Palo Alto.<a href="#cite_note-240">[240]</a><a href="#cite_note-241">[241]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Innovations_and_designs">Innovations and designs</h2></div> Jobs's design aesthetic was influenced by philosophies of Zen and Buddhism. In India, he experienced Buddhism while on his seven-month spiritual journey,<a href="#cite_note-The_Hindu-2011-242">[242]</a> and his sense of intuition was influenced by the spiritual people with whom he studied.<a href="#cite_note-The_Hindu-2011-242">[242]</a> Jobs gained insights regarding <a href="/wiki/Industrial_design" title="Industrial design">industrial designs</a> from <a href="/wiki/Richard_Sapper" title="Richard Sapper">Richard Sapper</a>.<a href="#cite_note-243">[243]</a> According to Apple co-founder Wozniak, "Steve didn't ever code. He wasn't an engineer and he didn't do any original design...".<a href="#cite_note-244">[244]</a><a href="#cite_note-Does_Steve_Jobs_know_how_to_code-245">[245]</a> <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Kottke" title="Daniel Kottke">Daniel Kottke</a>, one of Apple's earliest employees and a college friend of Jobs, stated: "Between Woz and Jobs, Woz was the innovator, the inventor. Steve Jobs was the marketing person."<a href="#cite_note-246">[246]</a> He is listed as either primary inventor or co-inventor in 346 United States patents or patent applications related to a range of technologies from actual computer and portable devices to user interfaces (including touch-based), speakers, keyboards, power adapters, staircases, clasps, sleeves, <a href="/wiki/Lanyard" title="Lanyard">lanyards</a>, and packages. His contributions to most of his patents were to "the look and feel of the product". He and his industrial design chief <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Ive" class="mw-redirect" title="Jonathan Ive">Jonathan Ive</a> are named for 200 of the patents.<a href="#cite_note-247">[247]</a> Most of these are design patents as opposed to utility patents or inventions; they are specific product designs such as both original and lamp-style <a href="/wiki/IMac" title="IMac">iMacs</a>, and <a href="/wiki/PowerBook_G4" title="PowerBook G4">PowerBook G4 Titanium</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Patents_registry_database_1-248">[248]</a><a href="#cite_note-249">[249]</a> He holds 43 issued US patents on inventions.<a href="#cite_note-Patents_registry_database_1-248">[248]</a> The patent on the Mac OS X <a href="/wiki/Dock_(macOS)" title="Dock (macOS)">Dock</a> user interface with "magnification" feature was issued the day before he died.<a href="#cite_note-250">[250]</a> Although Jobs had little involvement in the engineering and technical side of the original Apple computers,<a href="#cite_note-Does_Steve_Jobs_know_how_to_code-245">[245]</a> Jobs later used his CEO position to directly involve himself with product design.<a href="#cite_note-251">[251]</a> Involved in many projects throughout his career was his long-time marketing executive and confidant <a href="/wiki/Joanna_Hoffman" title="Joanna Hoffman">Joanna Hoffman</a>, known as one of the few employees at Apple and NeXT who could successfully stand up to Jobs while also engaging with him.<a href="#cite_note-252">[252]</a> Even while terminally ill in the hospital, Jobs sketched new devices that would hold the iPad in a hospital bed.<a href="#cite_note-eulogy-220">[220]</a> He despised the oxygen monitor on his finger, and suggested ways to revise the design for simplicity.<a href="#cite_note-253">[253]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Apple_I">Apple I</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Apple_I" title="Apple I">Apple I</a></div> The <a href="/wiki/Apple_I" title="Apple I">Apple I</a> was designed entirely by Wozniak, but Jobs had the idea of selling the computer, which led to the founding of <a href="/wiki/Apple_Computer" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple Computer">Apple Computer</a> in 1976. Jobs and Wozniak constructed several of the Apple I prototype by hand, funded by selling some of their belongings. Eventually, 200 units were produced.<a href="#cite_note-AppleStoryPart1-78">[78]</a> One of the main innovations of the Apple I was that it included <a href="/wiki/Video_display_terminal" class="mw-redirect" title="Video display terminal">video display terminal</a> circuitry on its circuit board, allowing it to connect to a low-cost <a href="/wiki/Composite_video" title="Composite video">composite video</a> monitor or television, instead of an expensive computer terminal, compared to most existing computers at the time. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Apple_II">Apple II</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Apple_II" title="Apple II">Apple II</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Micromodem_II_in_Apple_II.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Micromodem_II_in_Apple_II.jpg/220px-Micromodem_II_in_Apple_II.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Micromodem_II_in_Apple_II.jpg/330px-Micromodem_II_in_Apple_II.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Micromodem_II_in_Apple_II.jpg/440px-Micromodem_II_in_Apple_II.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="336" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Apple_II" title="Apple II">Apple II</a>, here with an external <a href="/wiki/Modem" title="Modem">modem</a>, was designed primarily by <a href="/wiki/Steve_Wozniak" title="Steve Wozniak">Steve Wozniak</a>.</figcaption></figure> The Apple II is an <a href="/wiki/8-bit" class="mw-redirect" title="8-bit">8-bit</a> <a href="/wiki/Home_computer" title="Home computer">home computer</a>, one of the world's first highly successful mass-produced <a href="/wiki/Microcomputer" title="Microcomputer">microcomputer</a> products,<a href="#cite_note-Ars_Technica_2005-12-15-87">[87]</a> designed primarily by Wozniak. Jobs oversaw the development of the Apple II's unusual case<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaacson201173–83-254">[254]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rod_Holt" title="Rod Holt">Rod Holt</a> developed the unique power supply.<a href="#cite_note-wozorg-85">[85]</a> It was introduced in 1977 at the <a href="/wiki/West_Coast_Computer_Faire" title="West Coast Computer Faire">West Coast Computer Faire</a> by Jobs and Wozniak as the first consumer product sold by Apple. The Apple II was first sold on June 10, 1977.<a href="#cite_note-Apple_II_intro_date-255">[255]</a><a href="#cite_note-Apple_II_History-256">[256]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lisa">Lisa</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Apple_Lisa" title="Apple Lisa">Apple Lisa</a></div> The Lisa is a personal computer developed by Apple from 1978 and sold in the early 1980s to business users. It is the first personal computer with a <a href="/wiki/Graphical_user_interface" title="Graphical user interface">graphical user interface</a>.<a href="#cite_note-257">[257]</a> The Lisa sold poorly at 100,000 units,<a href="#cite_note-258">[258]</a> but despite being considered a commercial failure, it received technical acclaim, introducing several advanced features that reappeared on the Macintosh and eventually <a href="/wiki/IBM_PC_compatible" title="IBM PC compatible">IBM PC compatibles</a>. In 1982, after Jobs was forced out of the Lisa project,<a href="#cite_note-259">[259]</a> he took over the <a href="/wiki/Macintosh" class="mw-redirect" title="Macintosh">Macintosh</a> project, adding inspiration from Lisa. The final Lisa 2/10 was modified and sold as the <a href="/wiki/Macintosh_XL" title="Macintosh XL">Macintosh XL</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELinzmayer200479-260">[260]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Macintosh">Macintosh</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Mac_(computer)" title="Mac (computer)">Mac (computer)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Steve_Jobs.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Steve_Jobs.jpg/170px-Steve_Jobs.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="248" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Steve_Jobs.jpg/255px-Steve_Jobs.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Steve_Jobs.jpg/340px-Steve_Jobs.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1496" data-file-height="2180" /></a><figcaption>Jobs holds up a <a href="/wiki/MacBook_Air" title="MacBook Air">MacBook Air</a> at the <a href="/wiki/MacWorld_Conference_%26_Expo" class="mw-redirect" title="MacWorld Conference & Expo">MacWorld Conference & Expo</a>, 2008</figcaption></figure> Once he joined the <a href="/wiki/Macintosh_128K" title="Macintosh 128K">Macintosh</a> team, Jobs took over the project after Wozniak had experienced a traumatic airplane accident and temporarily left the company.<a href="#cite_note-TheVerge-100">[100]</a> Jobs launched the Macintosh on January 24, 1984, as the first mass-market personal computer featuring an integral <a href="/wiki/Graphical_user_interface" title="Graphical user interface">graphical user interface</a> and <a href="/wiki/Computer_mouse" title="Computer mouse">mouse</a>.<a href="#cite_note-261">[261]</a> This first model was later renamed to Macintosh 128k among the prolific series. Since 1998, Apple has phased out the Macintosh name in favor of "Mac", though the product family has been nicknamed "Mac" or "the Mac" since inception. The Macintosh was introduced by a US$1.5 million <a href="/wiki/Ridley_Scott" title="Ridley Scott">Ridley Scott</a> television commercial, "<a href="/wiki/1984_(advertisement)" title="1984 (advertisement)">1984</a>".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELinzmayer2004113-262">[262]</a> It aired during the third quarter of <a href="/wiki/Super_Bowl_XVIII" title="Super Bowl XVIII">Super Bowl XVIII</a> on January 22, 1984, received as a "watershed event"<a href="#cite_note-263">[263]</a> and a "masterpiece".<a href="#cite_note-264">[264]</a> <a href="/wiki/Regis_McKenna" title="Regis McKenna">Regis McKenna</a> called the ad "more successful than the Mac itself".<a href="#cite_note-265">[265]</a> It uses an unnamed heroine to represent the coming of the Macintosh (indicated by a <a href="/wiki/Pablo_Picasso" title="Pablo Picasso">Picasso</a>-style picture of the computer on her white <a href="/wiki/Sleeveless_shirt" title="Sleeveless shirt">tank top</a>) to save humanity from the conformity of IBM's domination of the computer industry. The ad <a href="/wiki/Allusion" title="Allusion">alludes</a> to <a href="/wiki/George_Orwell" title="George Orwell">George Orwell</a>'s novel <a href="/wiki/Nineteen_Eighty-Four" title="Nineteen Eighty-Four">Nineteen Eighty-Four</a>, which describes a <a href="/wiki/Dystopia" title="Dystopia">dystopian future</a> ruled by a televised "<a href="/wiki/Big_Brother_(1984)" class="mw-redirect" title="Big Brother (1984)">Big Brother</a>".<a href="#cite_note-266">[266]</a><a href="#cite_note-267">[267]</a> The Macintosh, however, was expensive, which hindered its ability to be competitive in a market already dominated by the <a href="/wiki/Commodore_64" title="Commodore 64">Commodore 64</a> for consumers, and the <a href="/wiki/IBM_Personal_Computer" title="IBM Personal Computer">IBM Personal Computer</a> and its accompanying <a href="/wiki/IBM_PC_compatible" title="IBM PC compatible">clone</a> market for businesses.<a href="#cite_note-268">[268]</a> Macintosh systems still found success in education and desktop publishing and kept Apple as the second-largest PC manufacturer for the next decade. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="NeXT_Computer_2">NeXT Computer</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/NeXT_Computer" title="NeXT Computer">NeXT Computer</a></div> After Jobs was forced out of Apple in 1985, he started <a href="/wiki/NeXT" title="NeXT">NeXT</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Workstation" title="Workstation">workstation</a> computer company. The NeXT Computer was introduced in 1988 at a <a href="/wiki/NeXT_Introduction" title="NeXT Introduction">lavish launch event</a>. Using the NeXT Computer, <a href="/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee">Tim Berners-Lee</a> created the world's first <a href="/wiki/Web_browser" title="Web browser">web browser</a>, the <a href="/wiki/WorldWideWeb" title="WorldWideWeb">WorldWideWeb</a>. The NeXT Computer's operating system, named <a href="/wiki/NeXTSTEP" title="NeXTSTEP">NeXTSTEP</a>, begat <a href="/wiki/Darwin_(operating_system)" title="Darwin (operating system)">Darwin</a>, which is now the foundation of most of Apple's <a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">operating systems</a> such as Macintosh's <a href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a> and iPhone's <a href="/wiki/IOS" title="IOS">iOS</a>.<a href="#cite_note-269">[269]</a><a href="#cite_note-270">[270]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="iMac">iMac</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/IMac" title="IMac">iMac</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:IMac_Bondi_Blue.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/IMac_Bondi_Blue.jpg/170px-IMac_Bondi_Blue.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/IMac_Bondi_Blue.jpg/255px-IMac_Bondi_Blue.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/IMac_Bondi_Blue.jpg/340px-IMac_Bondi_Blue.jpg 2x" data-file-width="822" data-file-height="905" /></a><figcaption>The original <a href="/wiki/IMac_G3" title="IMac G3">iMac</a> was introduced in 1998 as the first consumer-facing Apple product to have debuted after Jobs's return.</figcaption></figure> Apple's <a href="/wiki/IMac_G3" title="IMac G3">iMac G3</a> was introduced in 1998 and its innovative design is directly the result of Jobs's return to Apple. Apple boasted "the back of our computer looks better than the front of anyone else's".<a href="#cite_note-271">[271]</a> Described as "cartoonlike", the first iMac, clad in Bondi Blue plastic, was unlike any personal computer that came before. In 1999, Apple introduced the Graphite gray Apple iMac and since has varied the shape, color and size considerably while maintaining the <a href="/wiki/All-in-one_PC" class="mw-redirect" title="All-in-one PC">all-in-one</a> design. Design ideas were intended to create a connection with the user such as the handle and a "breathing" light effect when the computer went to sleep.<a href="#cite_note-272">[272]</a> The Apple iMac sold for $1,299 at that time. The iMac's forward-thinking changes include eschewing the <a href="/wiki/Floppy_disk" title="Floppy disk">floppy disk drive</a> and moving exclusively to <a href="/wiki/USB" title="USB">USB</a> for connecting peripherals. Through the iMac's success, USB was popularized among third-party peripheral makers—as evidenced by the fact that many early USB peripherals were made of translucent plastic to match the iMac design.<a href="#cite_note-273">[273]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="iTunes">iTunes</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/ITunes" title="ITunes">iTunes</a></div> iTunes is a <a href="/wiki/Media_player_software" title="Media player software">media player</a>, media library, online radio broadcaster, and mobile device management application developed by Apple. It is used to play, download, and organize digital <a href="/wiki/Sound_recording_and_reproduction" title="Sound recording and reproduction">audio</a> and video on personal computers running the <a href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a> and <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Microsoft Windows</a> operating systems. The <a href="/wiki/ITunes_Store" title="ITunes Store">iTunes Store</a> is also available on the <a href="/wiki/IPod_Touch" title="IPod Touch">iPod Touch</a>, iPhone, and iPad.<a href="#cite_note-History-274">[274]</a> Through the iTunes Store, users can purchase and download music, music videos, television shows, <a href="/wiki/Audiobook" title="Audiobook">audiobooks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Podcast" title="Podcast">podcasts</a>, movies, and movie rentals in some countries, and <a href="/wiki/Ringtone" title="Ringtone">ringtones</a>, available on the iPhone and iPod Touch (fourth generation onward). <a href="/wiki/Application_software" title="Application software">Application software</a> for the iPhone, iPad and iPod Touch can be downloaded from the <a href="/wiki/App_Store_(iOS)" class="mw-redirect" title="App Store (iOS)">App Store</a>.<a href="#cite_note-History-274">[274]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="iPod">iPod</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/IPod" title="IPod">iPod</a></div> The <a href="/wiki/IPod_Classic#1st_generation" title="IPod Classic">first generation of iPod</a> was released October 23, 2001. The major innovation of the iPod was its small size achieved by using a 1.8" hard drive compared to the 2.5" drives common to players at that time. The capacity of the first-generation iPod ranged from 5 GB to 10 GB.<a href="#cite_note-275">[275]</a> The iPod sold for US$399 and more than 100,000 iPods were sold before the end of 2001. The introduction of the iPod resulted in Apple becoming a major player in the music industry.<a href="#cite_note-Block-276">[276]</a> Also, the iPod's success prepared the way for the iTunes music store and the iPhone.<a href="#cite_note-277">[277]</a> After the first few generations of iPod, Apple released the touchscreen <a href="/wiki/IPod_Touch" title="IPod Touch">iPod Touch</a>, the reduced-size <a href="/wiki/IPod_Mini" title="IPod Mini">iPod Mini</a> and <a href="/wiki/IPod_Nano" title="IPod Nano">iPod Nano</a>, and the screenless <a href="/wiki/IPod_Shuffle" title="IPod Shuffle">iPod Shuffle</a> in the following years.<a href="#cite_note-Block-276">[276]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="iPhone">iPhone</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/IPhone" title="IPhone">iPhone</a></div> Apple began work on the <a href="/wiki/IPhone_(1st_generation)" title="IPhone (1st generation)">first iPhone</a> in 2005 and the first iPhone was released on June 29, 2007. The iPhone created such a sensation that a survey indicated six out of ten Americans were aware of its release. <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a> declared it "Invention of the Year" for 2007 and included it in the All-TIME 100 Gadgets list in 2010, in the category of Communication.<a href="#cite_note-278">[278]</a> The completed iPhone had multimedia capabilities and functioned as a quad-band touch screen smartphone. A year later, the <a href="/wiki/IPhone_3G" title="IPhone 3G">iPhone 3G</a> was released in July 2008 with three key features: support for GPS, 3G data and tri-band UMTS/HSDPA. In June 2009, the <a href="/wiki/IPhone_3GS" title="IPhone 3GS">iPhone 3GS</a>, whose improvements included voice control, a better camera, and a faster processor, was introduced by Phil Schiller.<a href="#cite_note-279">[279]</a> The iPhone 4 was thinner than previous models, had a five megapixel camera capable of recording video in 720p HD, and added a secondary front-facing camera for video calls.<a href="#cite_note-280">[280]</a> A major feature of the <a href="/wiki/IPhone_4s" title="IPhone 4s">iPhone 4s</a>, introduced in October 2011, was <a href="/wiki/Siri" title="Siri">Siri</a>, a virtual assistant capable of voice recognition.<a href="#cite_note-281">[281]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="iPad">iPad</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/IPad" title="IPad">iPad</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Steve_Jobs_with_the_Apple_iPad_no_logo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Steve_Jobs_with_the_Apple_iPad_no_logo.jpg/220px-Steve_Jobs_with_the_Apple_iPad_no_logo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Steve_Jobs_with_the_Apple_iPad_no_logo.jpg/330px-Steve_Jobs_with_the_Apple_iPad_no_logo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Steve_Jobs_with_the_Apple_iPad_no_logo.jpg/440px-Steve_Jobs_with_the_Apple_iPad_no_logo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1041" data-file-height="695" /></a><figcaption>Jobs introduced the <a href="/wiki/IPad" title="IPad">iPad</a> in 2010.</figcaption></figure> The iPad is an iOS-based line of <a href="/wiki/Tablet_computer" title="Tablet computer">tablet computers</a> designed and marketed by Apple. The <a href="/wiki/IPad_(1st_generation)" title="IPad (1st generation)">first iPad</a> was released on April 3, 2010. The <a href="/wiki/User_interface" title="User interface">user interface</a> is built around the device's <a href="/wiki/Multi-touch" title="Multi-touch">multi-touch</a> screen, including a <a href="/wiki/Virtual_keyboard" title="Virtual keyboard">virtual keyboard</a>. The iPad includes built-in <a href="/wiki/Wi-Fi" title="Wi-Fi">Wi-Fi</a> and cellular connectivity on select models. As of April 2015<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Steve_Jobs&action=edit">[update]</a>, more than 250 million iPads have been sold.<a href="#cite_note-282">[282]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SteveJobs_house_in_PaloAlto_with_fruit_trees.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/SteveJobs_house_in_PaloAlto_with_fruit_trees.jpg/220px-SteveJobs_house_in_PaloAlto_with_fruit_trees.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/SteveJobs_house_in_PaloAlto_with_fruit_trees.jpg/330px-SteveJobs_house_in_PaloAlto_with_fruit_trees.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/SteveJobs_house_in_PaloAlto_with_fruit_trees.jpg/440px-SteveJobs_house_in_PaloAlto_with_fruit_trees.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>Jobs's house in Palo Alto</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Marriage">Marriage</h3></div> In 1989, Jobs first met his future wife, <a href="/wiki/Laurene_Powell_Jobs" title="Laurene Powell Jobs">Laurene Powell</a>, when he gave a lecture at the <a href="/wiki/Stanford_Graduate_School_of_Business" title="Stanford Graduate School of Business">Stanford Graduate School of Business</a>, where she was a student. Soon after the event, he stated that Laurene "was right there in the front row in the lecture hall, and I couldn't take my eyes off of her ... kept losing my train of thought, and started feeling a little giddy".<a href="#cite_note-283">[283]</a> After the lecture, he met her in the parking lot and invited her out to dinner. From that point forward, they were together, with a few minor exceptions, for the rest of his life.<a href="#cite_note-284">[284]</a> Jobs proposed on New Year's Day 1990; they married on March 18, 1991, in a Buddhist ceremony at the <a href="/wiki/Ahwahnee_Hotel" title="Ahwahnee Hotel">Ahwahnee Hotel</a> in <a href="/wiki/Yosemite_National_Park" title="Yosemite National Park">Yosemite National Park</a>.<a href="#cite_note-CNN_Money-285">[285]</a> Fifty people, including Jobs's father, Paul, and his sister Mona, attended. The ceremony was conducted by Jobs's <a href="/wiki/Guru" title="Guru">guru</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kobun_Chino_Otogawa" class="mw-redirect" title="Kobun Chino Otogawa">Kobun Chino Otogawa</a>.<a href="#cite_note-CNN_Money-285">[285]</a> The vegan wedding cake was in the shape of Yosemite's <a href="/wiki/Half_Dome" title="Half Dome">Half Dome</a>, and the wedding ended with a hike and Laurene's brothers' snowball fight. Jobs reportedly said to Mona: "You see, Mona [...], Laurene is descended from <a href="/wiki/Joe_Namath" title="Joe Namath">Joe Namath</a>, and we're descended from <a href="/wiki/John_Muir" title="John Muir">John Muir</a>".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaacson2011274-286">[286]</a> Jobs's and Powell's first child, a son named <a href="/wiki/Reed_Jobs" title="Reed Jobs">Reed</a>, was born in 1991.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELinzmayer200481-287">[287]</a> Jobs's father, Paul, died a year and a half later, on March 5, 1993. Jobs's childhood home remains a tourist attraction and is currently owned by his stepmother (Paul's second wife), Marilyn Jobs.<a href="#cite_note-288">[288]</a> Jobs and Powell had two more children, daughters Erin (b. 1995) and <a href="/wiki/Eve_Jobs" title="Eve Jobs">Eve Jobs</a> (b. 1998), who is a fashion model.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELinzmayer200481-287">[287]</a> The family lived in <a href="/wiki/Palo_Alto,_California" title="Palo Alto, California">Palo Alto, California</a>.<a href="#cite_note-289">[289]</a> Although a billionaire, Jobs made it known that, like Gates, he had stipulated that most of his monetary fortune would not be left to his children.<a href="#cite_note-290">[290]</a><a href="#cite_note-291">[291]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Family_2">Family</h3></div> <a href="/wiki/Chrisann_Brennan" title="Chrisann Brennan">Chrisann Brennan</a> notes that after Jobs was forced out of Apple, "he apologized many times over for his behavior" towards her and Lisa. She said Jobs "said that he never took responsibility when he should have, and that he was sorry".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrennan2013220-292">[292]</a> By this time, Jobs had developed a strong relationship with Lisa and when she was nine, Jobs had her name on her birth certificate changed from "Lisa Brennan" to "Lisa Brennan-Jobs".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrennan2013-9">[9]</a> Jobs and Brennan developed a working relationship to <a href="/wiki/Co-parent" class="mw-redirect" title="Co-parent">co-parent</a> Lisa, a change which Brennan credits to the influence of his newly found biological sister, <a href="/wiki/Mona_Simpson" title="Mona Simpson">Mona Simpson</a>, who worked to repair the relationship between Lisa and Jobs.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrennan2013-9">[9]</a> Jobs had found Mona after first finding his birth mother, Joanne Schieble Simpson, shortly after he left Apple.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaacson2011253–255-293">[293]</a> Jobs did not contact his birth family during his adoptive mother Clara's lifetime, however. He later told his official biographer <a href="/wiki/Walter_Isaacson" title="Walter Isaacson">Walter Isaacson</a>: "I never wanted [Paul and Clara] to feel like I didn't consider them my parents, because they were totally my parents [...] I loved them so much that I never wanted them to know of my search, and I even had reporters keep it quiet when any of them found out".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaacson2011253–255-293">[293]</a> However, in 1986, when Jobs was 31, Clara was diagnosed with lung cancer. He began to spend a great deal of time with her and learned more details about her background and his adoption, information that motivated him to find his biological mother. Jobs found on his birth certificate the name of the San Francisco doctor to whom Schieble had turned when she was pregnant. Although the doctor did not help Jobs while he was alive, he left a letter for Jobs to be opened upon his death. As he died soon afterwards, Jobs was given the letter which stated that "his mother had been an unmarried graduate student from Wisconsin named Joanne Schieble".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaacson2011253–255-293">[293]</a> Jobs only contacted Schieble after Clara died in early 1986 and after he received permission from his father, Paul. In addition, out of respect for Paul, he asked the media not to report on his search.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaacson2011253–255-293">[293]</a> Jobs stated that he was motivated to find his birth mother out of both curiosity and a need "to see if she was okay and to thank her, because I'm glad I didn't end up as an abortion. She was twenty-three and she went through a lot to have me."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaacson2011254-294">[294]</a> Schieble was emotional during their first meeting (though she wasn't familiar with the history of Apple or Jobs's role in it) and told him that she had been pressured into signing the adoption papers. She said that she regretted giving him up and repeatedly apologized to him for it. Jobs and Schieble developed a friendly relationship throughout the rest of his life and spent Christmas together.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaacson2011258-295">[295]</a> During this first visit, Schieble told Jobs that he had a sister, Mona, who was not aware that she had a brother.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaacson2011254-294">[294]</a> Schieble then arranged for them to meet in New York where Mona worked. Her first impression of Jobs was that "he was totally straightforward and lovely, just a normal and sweet guy".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaacson2011255-296">[296]</a> Simpson and Jobs then went for a long walk to get to know each other.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaacson2011255-296">[296]</a> Jobs later told his biographer that "Mona was not completely thrilled at first to have me in her life and have her mother so emotionally affectionate toward me ... As we got to know each other, we became really good friends, and she is my family. I don't know what I'd do without her. I can't imagine a better sister. My adopted sister, Patty, and I were never close."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaacson2011255-296">[296]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176"><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:25em; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> I grew up as an only child, with a single mother. Because we were poor and because I knew my father had emigrated from Syria, I imagined he looked like <a href="/wiki/Omar_Sharif" title="Omar Sharif">Omar Sharif</a>. I hoped he would be rich and kind and would come into our lives (and our not-yet-furnished apartment) and help us. Later, after I'd met my father, I tried to believe he'd changed his number and left no forwarding address because he was an idealistic revolutionary, plotting a new world for the Arab people. Even as a feminist, my whole life I'd been waiting for a man to love, who could love me. For decades, I'd thought that man would be my father. When I was 25, I met that man, and he was my brother. </blockquote> <div style="padding-bottom: 0; padding-top: 0.5em"><cite class="left-aligned" style="">—<a href="/wiki/Mona_Simpson" title="Mona Simpson">Mona Simpson</a><a href="#cite_note-eulogy-220">[220]</a></cite></div> </div> Jobs then learned his family history. Six months after he was given up for adoption, Schieble's father died, she wed Jandali, and they had a daughter, Mona.<a href="#cite_note-sg-297">[297]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaacson2011253-298">[298]</a> Jandali states that after finishing his PhD he returned to Syria to work, and then Schieble left him.<a href="#cite_note-sg-297">[297]</a> They divorced in 1962<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaacson201116-11">[11]</a> and he said then he lost contact with Mona for a time: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">I also bear the responsibility for being away from my daughter when she was four years old, as her mother divorced me when I went to Syria, but we got back in touch after 10 years. We lost touch again when her mother moved and I didn't know where she was, but since 10 years ago we've been in constant contact, and I see her three times a year. I organized a trip for her last year to visit Syria and Lebanon and she went with a relative from Florida.<a href="#cite_note-sg-297">[297]</a></blockquote> A few years later, Schieble married an ice-skating teacher, George Simpson. Mona Jandali took her stepfather's last name, as Mona Simpson. In 1970, after divorcing her second husband, Schieble took Mona to Los Angeles and raised her alone.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaacson2011253-298">[298]</a> When Simpson found that their father, Abdulfattah Jandali, was living in <a href="/wiki/Sacramento,_California" title="Sacramento, California">Sacramento, California</a>, Jobs had no interest in meeting him as he believed Jandali did not treat his children well<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaacson2011256-299">[299]</a> and according to the <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Chronicle" title="San Francisco Chronicle">San Francisco Chronicle</a>, this was because of finding a Seattle Times article about Jandali's abandonment of his students on a trip to Egypt in 1974.<a href="#cite_note-300">[300]</a> Simpson went to Sacramento alone and met Jandali, who worked in a small restaurant. They spoke for several hours, and he told her that he had left teaching for the restaurant business. He said he and Schieble had given another child away for adoption but that "we'll never see that baby again. That baby's gone." He said he once managed a Mediterranean restaurant near <a href="/wiki/San_Jose,_California" title="San Jose, California">San Jose</a> and that "all of the successful technology people used to come there. Even Steve Jobs ... oh yeah, he used to come in, and he was a sweet guy and a big tipper". At the request of Jobs, Simpson did not reveal to Jandali that his own story meant that he had actually already met his son.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaacson2011257-301">[301]</a> After hearing about the visit, Jobs recalled that "it was amazing ... I had been to that restaurant a few times, and I remember meeting the owner. He was Syrian. Balding. We shook hands." However, Jobs still did not want to meet Jandali because "I was a wealthy man by then, and I didn't trust him not to try to blackmail me or go to the press about it ... I asked Mona not to tell him about me".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaacson2011257-301">[301]</a> Jandali later discovered his relationship to Jobs through an online blog. He then contacted Simpson and asked, "what is this thing about Steve Jobs?". Simpson told him that it was true and later commented, "My father is thoughtful and a beautiful storyteller, but he is very, very passive ... He never contacted Steve". Because Simpson herself researched her Syrian roots and began to meet the family, she assumed that Jobs would eventually want to meet their father, but he never did. Jobs also never showed an interest in his Syrian heritage or the Middle East. Simpson fictionalized the search for their father in her 1992 novel <a href="/wiki/The_Lost_Father" title="The Lost Father">The Lost Father</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaacson2011258-295">[295]</a> <a href="/wiki/Malek_Jandali" title="Malek Jandali">Malek Jandali</a> is their cousin.<a href="#cite_note-302">[302]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Philanthropy">Philanthropy</h3></div> Jobs's views and actions on philanthropy and charity are a public mystery.<a href="#cite_note-mystery-303">[303]</a> He maintained privacy even over what few of these actions were publicly known. He has been a key figure in public discussions about societal obligations of the wealthy and powerful. Through his career, the media investigated and criticized him and Apple as unusually and inexplicably mysterious or absent among powerful leaders and especially billionaires. His name is absent from the Million Dollar List of all large global philanthropy.<a href="#cite_note-record_thin-304">[304]</a> Some have speculated about his possible secret role in large anonymous donations.<a href="#cite_note-mystery-303">[303]</a> Mark Vermilion, former charitable leader for <a href="/wiki/Joan_Baez" title="Joan Baez">Joan Baez</a>, Apple, and Jobs, attributed Jobs's lifelong minimization of direct charity to his perfectionism and limited time. Jobs, Vermilion, and supporters said over the years that corporate products were Jobs's superior contributions to culture and society instead of direct charity.<a href="#cite_note-record_thin-304">[304]</a> In 1985, Jobs said, "You know, my main reaction to this money thing is that it's humorous, all the attention to it, because it's hardly the most insightful or valuable thing that's happened to me."<a href="#cite_note-mystery-303">[303]</a> Shortly after leaving Apple, he formed the charitable Steven P. Jobs Foundation, led by Mark Vermilion, hired away from Apple's community leadership. Jobs wanted a focus on nutrition and vegetarianism, but Vermilion wanted social entrepreneurship. That year, Jobs soon launched NeXT and closed the foundation with no results. Upon his 1997 return to Apple, Jobs optimized the failing company to the core, such as eliminating all philanthropic programs, never to be restored. In 2007, Stanford Social Innovation Review magazine listed Apple among "America's least philanthropic companies". A few months after another unflattering news report, Apple started a program to match employees' charitable gifts.<a href="#cite_note-record_thin-304">[304]</a> Jobs declined to sign <a href="/wiki/The_Giving_Pledge" title="The Giving Pledge">The Giving Pledge</a>, launched in 2010 by <a href="/wiki/Warren_Buffett" title="Warren Buffett">Warren Buffett</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates">Bill Gates</a> for fellow billionaires.<a href="#cite_note-record_thin-304">[304]</a><a href="#cite_note-mystery-303">[303]</a> He donated $50 million to Stanford hospital and contributed to efforts to cure AIDS. <a href="/wiki/Bono" title="Bono">Bono</a> reported "tens of millions of dollars" given by Apple while Jobs was CEO, to AIDS and HIV relief programs in Africa, which inspired other companies to join.<a href="#cite_note-record_thin-304">[304]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honors_and_awards">Honors and awards</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Ronald_Reagan_presents_the_1985_National_Technology_Awards_to_Steven_Jobs.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/President_Ronald_Reagan_presents_the_1985_National_Technology_Awards_to_Steven_Jobs.jpg/220px-President_Ronald_Reagan_presents_the_1985_National_Technology_Awards_to_Steven_Jobs.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/President_Ronald_Reagan_presents_the_1985_National_Technology_Awards_to_Steven_Jobs.jpg/330px-President_Ronald_Reagan_presents_the_1985_National_Technology_Awards_to_Steven_Jobs.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/President_Ronald_Reagan_presents_the_1985_National_Technology_Awards_to_Steven_Jobs.jpg/440px-President_Ronald_Reagan_presents_the_1985_National_Technology_Awards_to_Steven_Jobs.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2749" /></a><figcaption>Jobs received the <a href="/wiki/National_Medal_of_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="National Medal of Technology">National Medal of Technology</a> from President <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> in 1985, awarded jointly with <a href="/wiki/Steve_Wozniak" title="Steve Wozniak">Steve Wozniak</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Steve_Jobs_(1).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A bronze statue of Jobs with a green patina. Jobs is holding a remote control and gesturing as though in the middle of a presentation. Flowers are placed at his feet." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Steve_Jobs_%281%29.JPG/220px-Steve_Jobs_%281%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Steve_Jobs_%281%29.JPG/330px-Steve_Jobs_%281%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Steve_Jobs_%281%29.JPG/440px-Steve_Jobs_%281%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4256" data-file-height="3240" /></a><figcaption>A statue of Jobs at Graphisoft Park in <a href="/wiki/Budapest" title="Budapest">Budapest</a><a href="#cite_note-305">[305]</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li>1985: awarded <a href="/wiki/National_Medal_of_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="National Medal of Technology">National Medal of Technology</a> (with <a href="/wiki/Steve_Wozniak" title="Steve Wozniak">Steve Wozniak</a>) by US President <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a>, the country's highest honor for technological achievements<a href="#cite_note-306">[306]</a></li> <li>1987: <a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Awards_for_Public_Service" title="Jefferson Awards for Public Service">Jefferson Award for Public Service</a><a href="#cite_note-307">[307]</a></li> <li>1989: Entrepreneur of the Decade by <a href="/wiki/Inc._(magazine)" title="Inc. (magazine)">Inc.</a><a href="#cite_note-308">[308]</a></li> <li>1991: <a href="/wiki/Howard_Vollum_Award" title="Howard Vollum Award">Howard Vollum Award</a> from <a href="/wiki/Reed_College" title="Reed College">Reed College</a><a href="#cite_note-309">[309]</a></li> <li>2004–2010: listed among the <a href="/wiki/Time_100" title="Time 100">Time 100 Most Influential People in the World</a> on five separate occasions<a href="#cite_note-310">[310]</a></li> <li>2007: named the most powerful person in business by <a href="/wiki/Fortune_(magazine)" title="Fortune (magazine)">Fortune</a> magazine<a href="#cite_note-311">[311]</a></li> <li>2007: inducted into the <a href="/wiki/California_Hall_of_Fame" title="California Hall of Fame">California Hall of Fame</a>, located at <a href="/wiki/The_California_Museum_for_History,_Women_and_the_Arts" class="mw-redirect" title="The California Museum for History, Women and the Arts">The California Museum for History, Women and the Arts</a><a href="#cite_note-312">[312]</a></li> <li>2012: <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Trustees_Award" title="Grammy Trustees Award">Grammy Trustees Award</a>, an award for those who have influenced the music industry in areas unrelated to performance<a href="#cite_note-313">[313]</a></li> <li>2012: posthumously honored with an <a href="/wiki/Edison_Awards" title="Edison Awards">Edison Achievement Award</a> for his commitment to innovation throughout his career<a href="#cite_note-314">[314]</a></li> <li>2013: posthumously inducted as a <a href="/wiki/Disney_Legend" class="mw-redirect" title="Disney Legend">Disney Legend</a><a href="#cite_note-315">[315]</a></li> <li>2017: <a href="/wiki/Steve_Jobs_Theater" title="Steve Jobs Theater">Steve Jobs Theater</a> opens at <a href="/wiki/Apple_Park" title="Apple Park">Apple Park</a><a href="#cite_note-316">[316]</a></li> <li>2022: posthumously awarded the <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom" title="Presidential Medal of Freedom">Presidential Medal of Freedom</a> by US President <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a>, the country's highest civilian honor<a href="#cite_note-317">[317]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_depictions_of_Steve_Jobs" title="List of depictions of Steve Jobs">List of depictions of Steve Jobs</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/SF_From_Marin_Highlands3.jpg/32px-SF_From_Marin_Highlands3.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/SF_From_Marin_Highlands3.jpg/48px-SF_From_Marin_Highlands3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/SF_From_Marin_Highlands3.jpg/64px-SF_From_Marin_Highlands3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2672" data-file-height="1885" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:San_Francisco_Bay_Area" title="Portal:San Francisco Bay Area">San Francisco Bay Area portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seva_Foundation" title="Seva Foundation">Seva Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Steve_Jobs_media" title="Timeline of Steve Jobs media">Timeline of Steve Jobs media</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFIsaacson2011">Isaacson 2011</a>, p. 4: "Paul and Clara named their new baby Steven Paul Jobs." </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091014095744/http://corporate.disney.go.com/corporate/board_of_directors.html">"The Walt Disney Company and Affiliated Companies—Board of Directors"</a>. October 14, 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://corporate.disney.go.com/corporate/board_of_directors.html">the original</a> on October 14, 2009. Retrieved September 18, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Walt+Disney+Company+and+Affiliated+Companies%E2%80%94Board+of+Directors&rft.date=2009-10-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcorporate.disney.go.com%2Fcorporate%2Fboard_of_directors.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaik2015" class="citation book cs1">Paik, Karen (November 3, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-UHNCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA52">To Infinity and Beyond!: The Story of Pixar Animation Studios</a>. Chronicle Books. p. 52. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4521-4765-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4521-4765-9"><bdi>978-1-4521-4765-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=To+Infinity+and+Beyond%21%3A+The+Story+of+Pixar+Animation+Studios&rft.pages=52&rft.pub=Chronicle+Books&rft.date=2015-11-03&rft.isbn=978-1-4521-4765-9&rft.aulast=Paik&rft.aufirst=Karen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-UHNCgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA52&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLiedtke,_Michael2002" class="citation news cs1">Liedtke, Michael (October 5, 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.berkeleydailyplanet.com/issue/2002-10-05/article/15120">"Steve Jobs resigns from Gap's board"</a>. The Berkeley Daily Planet. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121114034440/http://www.berkeleydailyplanet.com/issue/2002-10-05/article/15120">Archived</a> from the original on November 14, 2012. Retrieved December 23, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Berkeley+Daily+Planet&rft.atitle=Steve+Jobs+resigns+from+Gap%27s+board&rft.date=2002-10-05&rft.au=Liedtke%2C+Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.berkeleydailyplanet.com%2Fissue%2F2002-10-05%2Farticle%2F15120&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.technologyreview.com/2014/11/27/170289/steve-jobs-lives-on-at-the-patent-office/">"Steve Jobs Still Wins Plenty of Patents – MIT Technology Review"</a>. MIT Technology Review. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220120034224/https://www.technologyreview.com/2014/11/27/170289/steve-jobs-lives-on-at-the-patent-office/">Archived</a> from the original on January 20, 2022. Retrieved June 20, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MIT+Technology+Review&rft.atitle=Steve+Jobs+Still+Wins+Plenty+of+Patents+%E2%80%93+MIT+Technology+Review&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.technologyreview.com%2F2014%2F11%2F27%2F170289%2Fsteve-jobs-lives-on-at-the-patent-office%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaacson20111–4-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIsaacson20111–4_6-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIsaacson20111–4_6-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIsaacson20111–4_6-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFIsaacson2011">Isaacson 2011</a>, pp. 1–4. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrennan201315-7"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrennan201315_7-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBrennan2013">Brennan 2013</a>, p. 15. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaacson2011[httpsbooksgooglecombooksid8U2oAAAAQBAJdqstevejobs22lutheran22pgPA14_14]-8"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIsaacson2011[httpsbooksgooglecombooksid8U2oAAAAQBAJdqstevejobs22lutheran22pgPA14_14]_8-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFIsaacson2011">Isaacson 2011</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8U2oAAAAQBAJ&dq=steve+jobs+%22lutheran%22&pg=PA14">14</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrennan2013-9">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrennan2013_9-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrennan2013_9-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrennan2013_9-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFBrennan2013">Brennan 2013</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShankland2011" class="citation web cs1">Shankland, Stephen (October 23, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnet.com/news/steve-jobs-biography-a-wealth-of-detail/">"'Steve Jobs' biography: A wealth of detail"</a>. CNET. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190819014546/https://www.cnet.com/news/steve-jobs-biography-a-wealth-of-detail/">Archived</a> from the original on August 19, 2019. Retrieved August 19, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNET&rft.atitle=%27Steve+Jobs%27+biography%3A+A+wealth+of+detail&rft.date=2011-10-23&rft.aulast=Shankland&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnet.com%2Fnews%2Fsteve-jobs-biography-a-wealth-of-detail%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaacson201116-11">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIsaacson201116_11-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIsaacson201116_11-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIsaacson201116_11-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFIsaacson2011">Isaacson 2011</a>, p. 16. </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrashares2001" class="citation book cs1">Brashares, Ann (2001). Steve Jobs: Thinks Different. Lerner Publishing. p. 8. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0761-31393-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0761-31393-9"><bdi>978-0761-31393-9</bdi></a>. <q>worked as a machinist</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Steve+Jobs%3A+Thinks+Different&rft.pages=8&rft.pub=Lerner+Publishing&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0761-31393-9&rft.aulast=Brashares&rft.aufirst=Ann&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMalone1999" class="citation book cs1">Malone, Michael S. (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/books/first/m/malone-loop.html">Infinite Loop: How the World's Most Insanely Great Computer Company Went Insane</a>. Currency/Doubleday. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-385-48684-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-385-48684-7"><bdi>0-385-48684-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200807182330/https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/books/first/m/malone-loop.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 7, 2020. Retrieved May 22, 2020. <q>struggling as a machinist and then a used-car salesman .. finance company .. earned his realtor's license. [but] downward spiral</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Infinite+Loop%3A+How+the+World%27s+Most+Insanely+Great+Computer+Company+Went+Insane&rft.pub=Currency%2FDoubleday&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-385-48684-7&rft.aulast=Malone&rft.aufirst=Michael+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.nytimes.com%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Fbooks%2Ffirst%2Fm%2Fmalone-loop.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaacson20115-14"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIsaacson20115_14-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFIsaacson2011">Isaacson 2011</a>, p. 5. </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeBolt2011" class="citation web cs1">DeBolt, Daniel (October 7, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mv-voice.com/news/2011/10/07/steve-jobs-called-mountain-view-home-as-a-child">"Steve Jobs called Mountain View home as a child"</a>. Mountain View Voice. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191204124324/https://www.mv-voice.com/news/2011/10/07/steve-jobs-called-mountain-view-home-as-a-child">Archived</a> from the original on December 4, 2019. Retrieved January 22, 2020. <q>Hatt remembers Jobs attending Monta Loma elementary school and according to county property records, the Jobs family owned a house at 286 Diablo Avenue from 1959 to 1967.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mountain+View+Voice&rft.atitle=Steve+Jobs+called+Mountain+View+home+as+a+child&rft.date=2011-10-07&rft.aulast=DeBolt&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mv-voice.com%2Fnews%2F2011%2F10%2F07%2Fsteve-jobs-called-mountain-view-home-as-a-child&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaacson20115–6-16"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIsaacson20115–6_16-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFIsaacson2011">Isaacson 2011</a>, pp. 5–6. </li> <li id="cite_note-hissite-17">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hissite_17-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-hissite_17-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mercurynews.com/news/ci_24410143/steve-jobs-childhood-home-becomes-a">"Steve Jobs' childhood home becomes a landmark"</a>. mercurynews.com. October 29, 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150626144138/http://www.mercurynews.com/news/ci_24410143/steve-jobs-childhood-home-becomes-a">Archived</a> from the original on June 26, 2015. Retrieved June 26, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mercurynews.com&rft.atitle=Steve+Jobs%27+childhood+home+becomes+a+landmark&rft.date=2013-10-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mercurynews.com%2Fnews%2Fci_24410143%2Fsteve-jobs-childhood-home-becomes-a&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaacson201112–13-18"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIsaacson201112–13_18-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFIsaacson2011">Isaacson 2011</a>, pp. 12–13. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaacson201113-19"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIsaacson201113_19-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFIsaacson2011">Isaacson 2011</a>, p. 13. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaacson201113–14-20"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIsaacson201113–14_20-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFIsaacson2011">Isaacson 2011</a>, pp. 13–14. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaacson201114-21"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIsaacson201114_21-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFIsaacson2011">Isaacson 2011</a>, pp. 14. </li> <li id="cite_note-piece-22">^ <a href="#cite_ref-piece_22-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-piece_22-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mercurynews.com/breaking-news/ci_24193660/steve-jobs-old-garage-about-become-piece-history?source=pkg">"Steve Jobs' old garage about to become a piece of history"</a>. mercurynews.com. September 27, 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150626103134/http://www.mercurynews.com/breaking-news/ci_24193660/steve-jobs-old-garage-about-become-piece-history?source=pkg">Archived</a> from the original on June 26, 2015. Retrieved June 26, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mercurynews.com&rft.atitle=Steve+Jobs%27+old+garage+about+to+become+a+piece+of+history&rft.date=2013-09-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mercurynews.com%2Fbreaking-news%2Fci_24193660%2Fsteve-jobs-old-garage-about-become-piece-history%3Fsource%3Dpkg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vimeo.com/48043894">"Steve Jobs II"</a>. Vimeo.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vimeo&rft.atitle=Steve+Jobs+II&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvimeo.com%2F48043894&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaacson2011xix,_534-24"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIsaacson2011xix,_534_24-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFIsaacson2011">Isaacson 2011</a>, pp. xix, 534. </li> <li id="cite_note-Hiner-25">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hiner_25-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hiner_25-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hiner_25-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJason_Hiner2014" class="citation web cs1">Jason Hiner (December 5, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.techrepublic.com/article/apples-first-employee-the-remarkable-odyssey-of-bill-fernandez/">"Apple's first employee: The remarkable odyssey of Bill Fernandez"</a>. TechRepublic.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TechRepublic&rft.atitle=Apple%27s+first+employee%3A+The+remarkable+odyssey+of+Bill+Fernandez&rft.date=2014-12-05&rft.au=Jason+Hiner&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.techrepublic.com%2Farticle%2Fapples-first-employee-the-remarkable-odyssey-of-bill-fernandez%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaacson201119-26">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIsaacson201119_26-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIsaacson201119_26-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFIsaacson2011">Isaacson 2011</a>, p. 19. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaacson201121–32-27"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIsaacson201121–32_27-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFIsaacson2011">Isaacson 2011</a>, pp. 21–32. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaacson201131-28"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIsaacson201131_28-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFIsaacson2011">Isaacson 2011</a>, p. 31. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrennan20131–11-29"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrennan20131–11_29-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBrennan2013">Brennan 2013</a>, pp. 1–11. </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.esquire.com/news-politics/a38878/steve-jobs-steve-wozniak-blue-box-phone-phreaking/">"How Blue Box Phone Phreaking Put Steve Jobs and Woz on the Road to Apple"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Esquire_(magazine)" title="Esquire (magazine)">Esquire</a>. October 15, 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171216111546/http://www.esquire.com/news-politics/a38878/steve-jobs-steve-wozniak-blue-box-phone-phreaking/">Archived</a> from the original on December 16, 2017. Retrieved August 2, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Esquire&rft.atitle=How+Blue+Box+Phone+Phreaking+Put+Steve+Jobs+and+Woz+on+the+Road+to+Apple&rft.date=2015-10-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.esquire.com%2Fnews-politics%2Fa38878%2Fsteve-jobs-steve-wozniak-blue-box-phone-phreaking%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.i-programmer.info/history/people/104-steve-jobs-apple.html">"Steve Jobs and the Early Apple Years"</a>. The PC Is Born. Joomla. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120718061727/http://www.i-programmer.info/history/people/104-steve-jobs-apple.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 18, 2012. Retrieved March 27, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+PC+Is+Born&rft.atitle=Steve+Jobs+and+the+Early+Apple+Years&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.i-programmer.info%2Fhistory%2Fpeople%2F104-steve-jobs-apple.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcBurney,_Sally_(Director)2013" class="citation audio-visual cs1">McBurney, Sally (Director) (2013). Steve Jobs 1994 Uncut Interview with English Subtitles (Video). <a href="/wiki/Menlo_Park,_California" title="Menlo Park, California">Menlo Park, California</a>: Silicon Valley Historical Association.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Steve+Jobs+1994+Uncut+Interview+with+English+Subtitles&rft.place=Menlo+Park%2C+California&rft.pub=Silicon+Valley+Historical+Association&rft.date=2013&rft.au=McBurney%2C+Sally+%28Director%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaacson201130-33"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIsaacson201130_33-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFIsaacson2011">Isaacson 2011</a>, p. 30. </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HFURM8O-oYI">Steve Jobs Interview about the Blue Box Story</a>. Silicon Valley Historical Association. January 19, 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130402205622/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HFURM8O-oYI">Archived</a> from the original on April 2, 2013. Retrieved June 14, 2015 – via <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Steve+Jobs+Interview+about+the+Blue+Box+Story&rft.pub=Silicon+Valley+Historical+Association&rft.date=2009-01-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DHFURM8O-oYI&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Steve_Jobs:_Visionary_Entrepreneur-35">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Steve_Jobs:_Visionary_Entrepreneur_35-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Steve_Jobs:_Visionary_Entrepreneur_35-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcBurney2013" class="citation audio-visual cs1">McBurney, Sally (2013). Steve Jobs: Visionary Entrepreneur (Video). <a href="/wiki/Menlo_Park,_California" title="Menlo Park, California">Menlo Park, California</a>: Silicon Valley Historical Association.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Steve+Jobs%3A+Visionary+Entrepreneur&rft.place=Menlo+Park%2C+California&rft.pub=Silicon+Valley+Historical+Association&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=McBurney&rft.aufirst=Sally&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaacson201131–32-36"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIsaacson201131–32_36-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFIsaacson2011">Isaacson 2011</a>, pp. 31–32. </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrennan2011" class="citation web cs1">Brennan, Chrisann (October 19, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120425233149/http://india.nydailynews.com/article/3ea39bee2a29179c3406250afd01c526/the-steve-jobs-nobody-knew">"Jobs at 17: Nerd, Poet, Romantic"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stone_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Rolling Stone Magazine">Rolling Stone Magazine</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://india.nydailynews.com/article/3ea39bee2a29179c3406250afd01c526/the-steve-jobs-nobody-knew">the original</a> on April 25, 2012. Retrieved February 9, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Rolling+Stone+Magazine&rft.atitle=Jobs+at+17%3A+Nerd%2C+Poet%2C+Romantic&rft.date=2011-10-19&rft.aulast=Brennan&rft.aufirst=Chrisann&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Findia.nydailynews.com%2Farticle%2F3ea39bee2a29179c3406250afd01c526%2Fthe-steve-jobs-nobody-knew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlumenthal2012" class="citation book cs1">Blumenthal, Karen (2012). Steve Jobs The Man Who Thought Different. A&C Black. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781408832073" title="Special:BookSources/9781408832073"><bdi>9781408832073</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Steve+Jobs+The+Man+Who+Thought+Different&rft.pub=A%26C+Black&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9781408832073&rft.aulast=Blumenthal&rft.aufirst=Karen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> pp.271–272 </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaacson201133-39"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIsaacson201133_39-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFIsaacson2011">Isaacson 2011</a>, p. 33. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaacson201137-40"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIsaacson201137_40-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFIsaacson2011">Isaacson 2011</a>, p. 37. </li> <li id="cite_note-Reedmagazine-41"><a href="#cite_ref-Reedmagazine_41-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.reed.edu/reed_magazine/december2011/articles/features/jobs/jobs2.html">Reed Magazine: "Prodigal Son"</a> December 2011 </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2010/11/playboy-releases-1985-interview-with-29-year-old-steve-jobs/66833/">The Atlantic: "Playboy Releases 1985 Interview With 29-Year-Old Steve Jobs"</a> November 19, 2010 </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESchlender201630-43"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchlender201630_43-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSchlender2016">Schlender 2016</a>, p. 30. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaacson201140–41-44"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIsaacson201140–41_44-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFIsaacson2011">Isaacson 2011</a>, pp. 40–41. </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNaughton2011" class="citation news cs1">Naughton, John (October 8, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2011/oct/09/steve-jobs-stanford-commencement-address/print">"Steve Jobs: Stanford commencement address, June 2005"</a>. The Guardian. London. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120211064825/http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2011/oct/09/steve-jobs-stanford-commencement-address/print">Archived</a> from the original on February 11, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Steve+Jobs%3A+Stanford+commencement+address%2C+June+2005&rft.date=2011-10-08&rft.aulast=Naughton&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ftechnology%2F2011%2Foct%2F09%2Fsteve-jobs-stanford-commencement-address%2Fprint&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchlender1998" class="citation web cs1">Schlender, Brent (November 9, 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/1998/11/09/250880/index.htm">"The Three Faces of Steve in this exclusive, personal conversation, Apple's CEO reflects on the turnaround, and on how a wunderkind became an old pro"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Fortune_(magazine)" title="Fortune (magazine)">Fortune</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150408150120/http://archive.fortune.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/1998/11/09/250880/index.htm">Archived</a> from the original on April 8, 2015. Retrieved June 27, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fortune&rft.atitle=The+Three+Faces+of+Steve+in+this+exclusive%2C+personal+conversation%2C+Apple%27s+CEO+reflects+on+the+turnaround%2C+and+on+how+a+wunderkind+became+an+old+pro.&rft.date=1998-11-09&rft.aulast=Schlender&rft.aufirst=Brent&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmoney.cnn.com%2Fmagazines%2Ffortune%2Ffortune_archive%2F1998%2F11%2F09%2F250880%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaacson201142–43-47">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIsaacson201142–43_47-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIsaacson201142–43_47-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFIsaacson2011">Isaacson 2011</a>, pp. 42–43. </li> <li id="cite_note-intoday1-48">^ <a href="#cite_ref-intoday1_48-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-intoday1_48-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-intoday1_48-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/india-visit-gave-a-vision-to-steve-jobs/1/154785.html">"An exclusive interview with Daniel Kottke"</a>. India Today. September 13, 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120506051820/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/india-visit-gave-a-vision-to-steve-jobs/1/154785.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 6, 2012. Retrieved October 27, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=India+Today&rft.atitle=An+exclusive+interview+with+Daniel+Kottke&rft.date=2011-09-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Findiatoday.intoday.in%2Fstory%2Findia-visit-gave-a-vision-to-steve-jobs%2F1%2F154785.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131101231442/http://www.gameinformer.com/b/features/archive/2013/06/27/how-steve-wozniak-s-breakout-defined-apple-s-future.aspx">"How Steve Wozniak's Breakout Defined Apple's Future"</a>. Gameinformer. June 27, 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gameinformer.com/b/features/archive/2013/06/27/how-steve-wozniak-s-breakout-defined-apple-s-future.aspx">the original</a> on November 1, 2013. Retrieved February 13, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+Steve+Wozniak%27s+Breakout+Defined+Apple%27s+Future&rft.pub=Gameinformer&rft.date=2013-06-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gameinformer.com%2Fb%2Ffeatures%2Farchive%2F2013%2F06%2F27%2Fhow-steve-wozniak-s-breakout-defined-apple-s-future.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mercurynews.com/mike-cassidy/ci_22890892/cassidy-steve-jobs-hire-nolan-bushnell-book-atari">"Cassidy on Nolan Bushnell: 'Steve was difficult,' says man who first hired Steve Jobs"</a>. Mercury News. March 29, 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131206101225/http://www.mercurynews.com/mike-cassidy/ci_22890892/cassidy-steve-jobs-hire-nolan-bushnell-book-atari">Archived</a> from the original on December 6, 2013. Retrieved April 2, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mercury+News&rft.atitle=Cassidy+on+Nolan+Bushnell%3A+%27Steve+was+difficult%2C%27+says+man+who+first+hired+Steve+Jobs&rft.date=2013-03-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mercurynews.com%2Fmike-cassidy%2Fci_22890892%2Fcassidy-steve-jobs-hire-nolan-bushnell-book-atari&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120430234032/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011-10-25/news/30320340_1_delhi-belly-intuition-indian-villages">"What really shaped Steve Jobs's view of India – Realms of intuition or the pains of Delhi belly?"</a>. Economic Times. India. September 25, 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011-10-25/news/30320340_1_delhi-belly-intuition-indian-villages">the original</a> on April 30, 2012. Retrieved October 27, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Economic+Times&rft.atitle=What+really+shaped+Steve+Jobs%27s+view+of+India+%E2%80%93+Realms+of+intuition+or+the+pains+of+Delhi+belly%3F&rft.date=2011-09-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farticles.economictimes.indiatimes.com%2F2011-10-25%2Fnews%2F30320340_1_delhi-belly-intuition-indian-villages&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.repubblica.it/2008/06/sezioni/scienza_e_tecnologia/santone-silicon-valley/santone-silicon-valley/santone-silicon-valley.html">"Il santone della Silicon Valley che ha conquistato i tecno-boss"</a> (in Italian). Repubblica.it. June 9, 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120508204520/http://www.repubblica.it/2008/06/sezioni/scienza_e_tecnologia/santone-silicon-valley/santone-silicon-valley/santone-silicon-valley.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 8, 2012. Retrieved August 30, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Il+santone+della+Silicon+Valley+che+ha+conquistato+i+tecno-boss&rft.pub=Repubblica.it&rft.date=2008-06-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.repubblica.it%2F2008%2F06%2Fsezioni%2Fscienza_e_tecnologia%2Fsantone-silicon-valley%2Fsantone-silicon-valley%2Fsantone-silicon-valley.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120619010551/http://in.news.yahoo.com/wandering-india-steve-jobs-learned-intuition-123904237.html">"Wandering in India for 7 months: Steve Jobs"</a>. Yahoo News. October 24, 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://in.news.yahoo.com/wandering-india-steve-jobs-learned-intuition-123904237.html">the original</a> on June 19, 2012. Retrieved October 27, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Wandering+in+India+for+7+months%3A+Steve+Jobs&rft.pub=Yahoo+News&rft.date=2011-10-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fin.news.yahoo.com%2Fwandering-india-steve-jobs-learned-intuition-123904237.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndrews2009" class="citation news cs1">Andrews, Amanda (January 14, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/apple/4242660/Steve-Jobs-Apples-iGod-Profile.html">"Steve Jobs, Apple's iGod: Profile"</a>. The Daily Telegraph. UK. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120413064433/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/apple/4242660/Steve-Jobs-Apples-iGod-Profile.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 13, 2012. Retrieved October 29, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Steve+Jobs%2C+Apple%27s+iGod%3A+Profile&rft.date=2009-01-14&rft.aulast=Andrews&rft.aufirst=Amanda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Ftechnology%2Fapple%2F4242660%2FSteve-Jobs-Apples-iGod-Profile.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.scotsman.com/comment/Steve-Jobs-profile-Apple39s-hard.4863847.jp">"Steve Jobs profile: Apple's hard core"</a>. Edinburgh: News scotsman. January 11, 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110926150825/http://news.scotsman.com/comment/Steve-Jobs-profile-Apple39s-hard.4863847.jp">Archived</a> from the original on September 26, 2011. Retrieved October 29, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Steve+Jobs+profile%3A+Apple%27s+hard+core&rft.date=2009-01-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.scotsman.com%2Fcomment%2FSteve-Jobs-profile-Apple39s-hard.4863847.jp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarkoff2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Markoff" title="John Markoff">Markoff, John</a> (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cTyfxP-g2IIC&pg=PT25">What the Dormouse Said: How the Sixties Counterculture Shaped the Personal Computer Industry</a>. <a href="/wiki/Penguin_Books" title="Penguin Books">Penguin Books</a>. p. preface xix. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-303676-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-303676-0"><bdi>978-0-14-303676-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200819025734/https://books.google.com/books?id=cTyfxP-g2IIC&pg=PT25">Archived</a> from the original on August 19, 2020. Retrieved October 5, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=What+the+Dormouse+Said%3A+How+the+Sixties+Counterculture+Shaped+the+Personal+Computer+Industry&rft.pages=preface+xix&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-14-303676-0&rft.aulast=Markoff&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcTyfxP-g2IIC%26pg%3DPT25&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smh.com.au/technology/technology-news/jobss-pentagon-papers-kidnap-fears-drug-use-and-a-speeding-ticket-20120612-206yr.html">"Jobs's Pentagon papers: kidnap fears, drug use and a speeding ticket"</a>. The Sydney Morning Herald. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120615160118/http://www.smh.com.au/technology/technology-news/jobss-pentagon-papers-kidnap-fears-drug-use-and-a-speeding-ticket-20120612-206yr.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 15, 2012. Retrieved June 12, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Sydney+Morning+Herald&rft.atitle=Jobs%27s+Pentagon+papers%3A+kidnap+fears%2C+drug+use+and+a+speeding+ticket&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smh.com.au%2Ftechnology%2Ftechnology-news%2Fjobss-pentagon-papers-kidnap-fears-drug-use-and-a-speeding-ticket-20120612-206yr.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSilberman2011" class="citation web cs1">Silberman, Steve (October 28, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120703001131/http://blogs.plos.org/neurotribes/2011/10/28/what-kind-of-buddhist-was-steve-jobs-really/">"What Kind of Buddhist was Steve Jobs, Really?"</a>. NeuroTribes. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blogs.plos.org/neurotribes/2011/10/28/what-kind-of-buddhist-was-steve-jobs-really/">the original</a> on July 3, 2012. Retrieved December 29, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NeuroTribes&rft.atitle=What+Kind+of+Buddhist+was+Steve+Jobs%2C+Really%3F&rft.date=2011-10-28&rft.aulast=Silberman&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblogs.plos.org%2Fneurotribes%2F2011%2F10%2F28%2Fwhat-kind-of-buddhist-was-steve-jobs-really%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurke2011" class="citation news cs1">Burke, Daniel (November 2, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/news/religion/story/2011-11-02/steve-jobs-faith-buddhism/51049772/1">"Steve Jobs' private spirituality now an open book"</a>. USA Today. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120914/http://www.usatoday.com/news/religion/story/2011-11-02/steve-jobs-faith-buddhism/51049772/1">Archived</a> from the original on September 14, 2012. Retrieved December 29, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=Steve+Jobs%27+private+spirituality+now+an+open+book&rft.date=2011-11-02&rft.aulast=Burke&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fnews%2Freligion%2Fstory%2F2011-11-02%2Fsteve-jobs-faith-buddhism%2F51049772%2F1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKentaro2020" class="citation web cs1">Kentaro, Saeki (May 10, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/news/backstories/1074/">"The secret passion of Steve Jobs | NHK WORLD-JAPAN News"</a>. NHK WORLD. <a href="/wiki/NHK_World-Japan" title="NHK World-Japan">NHK World-Japan</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230314182646/https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/news/backstories/1074/">Archived</a> from the original on March 14, 2023. Retrieved March 21, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NHK+WORLD&rft.atitle=The+secret+passion+of+Steve+Jobs+%7C+NHK+WORLD-JAPAN+News&rft.date=2020-05-10&rft.aulast=Kentaro&rft.aufirst=Saeki&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww3.nhk.or.jp%2Fnhkworld%2Fen%2Fnews%2Fbackstories%2F1074%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaacson201152–54-61"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIsaacson201152–54_61-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFIsaacson2011">Isaacson 2011</a>, pp. 52–54. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith2020286–287-62"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith2020286–287_62-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSmith2020">Smith 2020</a>, pp. 286–287. </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKent2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Steven_L._Kent" title="Steven L. Kent">Kent, Steven L.</a> (2001). <a href="/wiki/The_Ultimate_History_of_Video_Games" title="The Ultimate History of Video Games">The Ultimate History of Video Games</a>. Three Rivers. pp. 71–73. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7615-3643-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7615-3643-7"><bdi>978-0-7615-3643-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ultimate+History+of+Video+Games&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E71-%3C%2Fspan%3E73&rft.pub=Three+Rivers&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-7615-3643-7&rft.aulast=Kent&rft.aufirst=Steven+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaacson2011104–107-64"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIsaacson2011104–107_64-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFIsaacson2011">Isaacson 2011</a>, pp. 104–107. </li> <li id="cite_note-NYT_obit-65">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYT_obit_65-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT_obit_65-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarkoff2011" class="citation news cs1">Markoff, John (October 5, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/06/business/steve-jobs-of-apple-dies-at-56.html">"Steven P. Jobs, 1955–2011: Apple's Visionary Redefined Digital Age"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201219231603/https://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/06/business/steve-jobs-of-apple-dies-at-56.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 19, 2020. Retrieved February 18, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Steven+P.+Jobs%2C+1955%E2%80%932011%3A+Apple%27s+Visionary+Redefined+Digital+Age&rft.date=2011-10-05&rft.aulast=Markoff&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2011%2F10%2F06%2Fbusiness%2Fsteve-jobs-of-apple-dies-at-56.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeisler2012" class="citation web cs1">Heisler, Yoni (June 12, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.networkworld.com/article/2222575/data-center-steve-jobs-lsd-habit-why-he-indulged-in-marijuana-and-his-1975-arrest.html">"Steve Jobs' LSD habit, why he indulged in Marijuana, and his 1975 arrest"</a>. NETWORKWORLD. IDG Communications, Inc. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230905044820/https://www.networkworld.com/article/2222575/data-center-steve-jobs-lsd-habit-why-he-indulged-in-marijuana-and-his-1975-arrest.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 5, 2023. Retrieved September 5, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NETWORKWORLD&rft.atitle=Steve+Jobs%27+LSD+habit%2C+why+he+indulged+in+Marijuana%2C+and+his+1975+arrest&rft.date=2012-06-12&rft.aulast=Heisler&rft.aufirst=Yoni&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.networkworld.com%2Farticle%2F2222575%2Fdata-center-steve-jobs-lsd-habit-why-he-indulged-in-marijuana-and-his-1975-arrest.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZetter" class="citation magazine cs1">Zetter, Kim. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wired.com/2012/06/steve-jobs-security-clearance/">"Steve Jobs' Pentagon File: Blackmail Fears, Youthful Arrest and LSD Cubes"</a>. WIRED. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230905044820/https://www.wired.com/2012/06/steve-jobs-security-clearance/">Archived</a> from the original on September 5, 2023. Retrieved September 5, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=WIRED&rft.atitle=Steve+Jobs%27+Pentagon+File%3A+Blackmail+Fears%2C+Youthful+Arrest+and+LSD+Cubes&rft.aulast=Zetter&rft.aufirst=Kim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wired.com%2F2012%2F06%2Fsteve-jobs-security-clearance%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYoung1988" class="citation book cs1">Young, Jefferey S. (December 1988). Steve Jobs: The Journey is the Reward. Lynx Books. p. 6. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/155802378X" title="Special:BookSources/155802378X"><bdi>155802378X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Steve+Jobs%3A+The+Journey+is+the+Reward.&rft.pages=6&rft.pub=Lynx+Books&rft.date=1988-12&rft.isbn=155802378X&rft.aulast=Young&rft.aufirst=Jefferey+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELinzmayer20045–6-69"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELinzmayer20045–6_69-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLinzmayer2004">Linzmayer 2004</a>, pp. 5–6. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELinzmayer20046–8-70"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELinzmayer20046–8_70-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLinzmayer2004">Linzmayer 2004</a>, pp. 6–8. </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLinzmayer" class="citation news cs1">Linzmayer, Owen W. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://extras.denverpost.com/books/chap0411h.htm">"Apple Confidential: The Real Story of Apple Computer, Inc"</a>. The Denver Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120414125259/http://extras.denverpost.com/books/chap0411h.htm">Archived</a> from the original on April 14, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Denver+Post&rft.atitle=Apple+Confidential%3A+The+Real+Story+of+Apple+Computer%2C+Inc&rft.aulast=Linzmayer&rft.aufirst=Owen+W.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fextras.denverpost.com%2Fbooks%2Fchap0411h.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSimon2010" class="citation news cs1">Simon, Dan (June 24, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://edition.cnn.com/2010/TECH/web/06/24/apple.forgotten.founder/index.html">"The gambling man who co-founded Apple and left for $800"</a>. CNN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140410065148/http://edition.cnn.com/2010/TECH/web/06/24/apple.forgotten.founder/index.html?hpt=C1&fbid=lG95iTlU4iD">Archived</a> from the original on April 10, 2014. Retrieved June 24, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+gambling+man+who+co-founded+Apple+and+left+for+%24800&rft.date=2010-06-24&rft.aulast=Simon&rft.aufirst=Dan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2010%2FTECH%2Fweb%2F06%2F24%2Fapple.forgotten.founder%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brandingstrategyinsider.com/2011/11/how-did-apple-computer-get-its-brand-name.html#.WgCTJhNSyt8">"How Did Apple Computer Get Its Brand Name?"</a>. Branding Strategy Insider. November 17, 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170704125732/https://www.brandingstrategyinsider.com/2011/11/how-did-apple-computer-get-its-brand-name.html#.WgCTJhNSyt8">Archived</a> from the original on July 4, 2017. Retrieved November 6, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+Did+Apple+Computer+Get+Its+Brand+Name%3F&rft.pub=Branding+Strategy+Insider&rft.date=2011-11-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.brandingstrategyinsider.com%2F2011%2F11%2Fhow-did-apple-computer-get-its-brand-name.html%23.WgCTJhNSyt8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELinzmayer5–7-74"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELinzmayer5–7_74-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLinzmayer">Linzmayer</a>, pp. 5–7. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESchlender201639–40-75"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchlender201639–40_75-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSchlender2016">Schlender 2016</a>, pp. 39–40. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaacson201166–68-76"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIsaacson201166–68_76-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFIsaacson2011">Isaacson 2011</a>, pp. 66–68. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELinzmayer7–9-77"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELinzmayer7–9_77-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLinzmayer">Linzmayer</a>, pp. 7–9. </li> <li id="cite_note-AppleStoryPart1-78">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AppleStoryPart1_78-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AppleStoryPart1_78-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams,_GreggMoore,_Rob1984" class="citation news cs1">Williams, Gregg; Moore, Rob (December 1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/byte-magazine-1984-12/1984_12_BYTE_09-13_Communications#page/n461/mode/2up">"The Apple Story / Part 1: Early History"</a>. BYTE (interview). p. A67. Retrieved November 16, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BYTE&rft.atitle=The+Apple+Story+%2F+Part+1%3A+Early+History&rft.pages=A67&rft.date=1984-12&rft.au=Williams%2C+Gregg&rft.au=Moore%2C+Rob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fbyte-magazine-1984-12%2F1984_12_BYTE_09-13_Communications%23page%2Fn461%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarkoff1997" class="citation news cs1">Markoff, John (September 1, 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1997/09/01/business/an-unknown-co-founder-leaves-after-20-years-of-glory-and-turmoil.html">"An 'Unknown' Co-Founder Leaves After 20 Years of Glory and Turmoil"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180102015839/http://www.nytimes.com/1997/09/01/business/an-unknown-co-founder-leaves-after-20-years-of-glory-and-turmoil.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 2, 2018. Retrieved August 24, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=An+%27Unknown%27+Co-Founder+Leaves+After+20+Years+of+Glory+and+Turmoil&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.aulast=Markoff&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1997%2F09%2F01%2Fbusiness%2Fan-unknown-co-founder-leaves-after-20-years-of-glory-and-turmoil.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hbswk.hbs.edu/archive/done-deals-venture-capitalists-tell-their-story-featured-hbs-arthur-rock">"Done Deals: Venture Capitalists Tell Their Story: Featured HBS Arthur Rock"</a>. HBS Working Knowledge. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190816000405/https://hbswk.hbs.edu/archive/done-deals-venture-capitalists-tell-their-story-featured-hbs-arthur-rock">Archived</a> from the original on August 16, 2019. Retrieved June 23, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=HBS+Working+Knowledge&rft.atitle=Done+Deals%3A+Venture+Capitalists+Tell+Their+Story%3A+Featured+HBS+Arthur+Rock&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhbswk.hbs.edu%2Farchive%2Fdone-deals-venture-capitalists-tell-their-story-featured-hbs-arthur-rock&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaacson201181–83-81"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIsaacson201181–83_81-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFIsaacson2011">Isaacson 2011</a>, pp. 81–83. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELinzmayer200411-82"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELinzmayer200411_82-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLinzmayer2004">Linzmayer 2004</a>, p. 11. </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYoung1988" class="citation book cs1">Young, Jefferey S. (December 1988). Steve Jobs: The Journey is the Reward. Lynx Books. p. 8. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/155802378X" title="Special:BookSources/155802378X"><bdi>155802378X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Steve+Jobs%3A+The+Journey+is+the+Reward.&rft.pages=8&rft.pub=Lynx+Books&rft.date=1988-12&rft.isbn=155802378X&rft.aulast=Young&rft.aufirst=Jefferey+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELinzmayer200412-84"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELinzmayer200412_84-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLinzmayer2004">Linzmayer 2004</a>, p. 12. </li> <li id="cite_note-wozorg-85">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wozorg_85-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-wozorg_85-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWozniak" class="citation web cs1">Wozniak, Steve. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151226203330/http://archive.woz.org/letters/general/35.html">"woz.org: Comment From e-mail: Why didn't the early Apple II's use Fans?"</a>. woz.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.woz.org/letters/general/35.html">the original</a> on December 26, 2015. Retrieved May 10, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=woz.org%3A+Comment+From+e-mail%3A+Why+didn%27t+the+early+Apple+II%27s+use+Fans%3F&rft.pub=woz.org&rft.aulast=Wozniak&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.woz.org%2Fletters%2Fgeneral%2F35.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWozniakSmith2006" class="citation book cs1">Wozniak, Steve; <a href="/wiki/Gina_Smith_(author)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gina Smith (author)">Smith, Gina</a> (2006). <a href="/wiki/IWoz:_Computer_Geek_to_Cult_Icon:_How_I_Invented_the_Personal_Computer,_Co-Founded_Apple,_and_Had_Fun_Doing_It" class="mw-redirect" title="IWoz: Computer Geek to Cult Icon: How I Invented the Personal Computer, Co-Founded Apple, and Had Fun Doing It">iWoz: Computer Geek to Cult Icon: How I Invented the Personal Computer, Co-Founded Apple, and Had Fun Doing It</a>. <a href="/wiki/W._W._Norton_%26_Company" title="W. W. Norton & Company">W. W. Norton & Company</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-393-06143-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-393-06143-4"><bdi>0-393-06143-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/502898652">502898652</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=iWoz%3A+Computer+Geek+to+Cult+Icon%3A+How+I+Invented+the+Personal+Computer%2C+Co-Founded+Apple%2C+and+Had+Fun+Doing+It&rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton+%26+Company&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F502898652&rft.isbn=0-393-06143-4&rft.aulast=Wozniak&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft.au=Smith%2C+Gina&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ars_Technica_2005-12-15-87">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ars_Technica_2005-12-15_87-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ars_Technica_2005-12-15_87-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReimer2005" class="citation web cs1">Reimer, Jeremy (December 15, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arstechnica.com/features/2005/12/total-share/3/">"Total share: 30 years of personal computer market share figures"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ars_Technica" title="Ars Technica">Ars Technica</a>. <a href="/wiki/Cond%C3%A9_Nast" title="Condé Nast">Condé Nast</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120702222414/http://arstechnica.com/features/2005/12/total-share/3/">Archived</a> from the original on July 2, 2012. Retrieved May 25, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ars+Technica&rft.atitle=Total+share%3A+30+years+of+personal+computer+market+share+figures&rft.date=2005-12-15&rft.aulast=Reimer&rft.aufirst=Jeremy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farstechnica.com%2Ffeatures%2F2005%2F12%2Ftotal-share%2F3%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-kqed-88"><a href="#cite_ref-kqed_88-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2011/11/25/interview-apple-employee-no-12-dan-kottke-on-companys-earliest-days-and-steve-jobs-in-college">"Interview: Apple Employee No. 12 Dan Kottke on Company's Earliest Days and the College Steve Jobs"</a>. <a href="/wiki/KQED_Inc." title="KQED Inc.">KQED</a>, November 25, 2011. </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdwards2013" class="citation web cs1">Edwards, Jim (December 26, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.businessinsider.com/pictures-of-apples-first-employees-2013-12">"These Pictures of Apple's First Employees Are Absolutely Wonderful"</a>. Business Insider. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200731193835/http://www.businessinsider.com/pictures-of-apples-first-employees-2013-12">Archived</a> from the original on July 31, 2020. Retrieved January 19, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Business+Insider&rft.atitle=These+Pictures+of+Apple%27s+First+Employees+Are+Absolutely+Wonderful&rft.date=2013-12-26&rft.aulast=Edwards&rft.aufirst=Jim&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2Fpictures-of-apples-first-employees-2013-12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-vicious-90">^ <a href="#cite_ref-vicious_90-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-vicious_90-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-vicious_90-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMetz2013" class="citation web cs1">Metz, Rachel (October 15, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2013/oct/15/steve-jobs-chrisann-brennan-memoir-apple">"Steve Jobs' ex-girlfriend pens memoir on life with 'vicious' Apple founder"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. Retrieved January 17, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Steve+Jobs%27+ex-girlfriend+pens+memoir+on+life+with+%27vicious%27+Apple+founder&rft.date=2013-10-15&rft.aulast=Metz&rft.aufirst=Rachel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ftechnology%2F2013%2Foct%2F15%2Fsteve-jobs-chrisann-brennan-memoir-apple&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaacson201188–89-91">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIsaacson201188–89_91-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIsaacson201188–89_91-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIsaacson201188–89_91-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFIsaacson2011">Isaacson 2011</a>, pp. 88–89. </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBullock2010" class="citation web cs1">Bullock, Diane (August 31, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120904121526/http://www.minyanville.com/special-features/articles/lisa-brennan-jobs-business-icons-rich/8/31/2010/id/29768">"The Kids of Business Icons: Lisa Brennan-Jobs"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Minyanville" title="Minyanville">Minyanville</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.minyanville.com/special-features/articles/lisa-brennan-jobs-business-icons-rich/8/31/2010/id/29768">the original</a> on September 4, 2012. Retrieved October 6, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Minyanville&rft.atitle=The+Kids+of+Business+Icons%3A+Lisa+Brennan-Jobs&rft.date=2010-08-31&rft.aulast=Bullock&rft.aufirst=Diane&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.minyanville.com%2Fspecial-features%2Farticles%2Flisa-brennan-jobs-business-icons-rich%2F8%2F31%2F2010%2Fid%2F29768&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaacson201193-93"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIsaacson201193_93-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFIsaacson2011">Isaacson 2011</a>, p. 93. </li> <li id="cite_note-machineofthe_year1-94">^ <a href="#cite_ref-machineofthe_year1_94-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-machineofthe_year1_94-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-machineofthe_year1_94-2">c</a> Cocks, Jay. Reported by Michael Moritz. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,953633,00.html">The Updated Book of Jobs</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150209201759/http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,953633,00.html">Archived</a> February 9, 2015, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>" in "Machine of the Year: The Computer Moves in". <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a>, January 3, 1983:27. </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> "Machine of the Year: The Computer Moves in". <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a>, January 3, 1983 </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYoung1988" class="citation book cs1">Young, Jefferey S. (December 1988). Steve Jobs: The Journey is the Reward. Lynx Books. p. 7. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/155802378X" title="Special:BookSources/155802378X"><bdi>155802378X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Steve+Jobs%3A+The+Journey+is+the+Reward.&rft.pages=7&rft.pub=Lynx+Books&rft.date=1988-12&rft.isbn=155802378X&rft.aulast=Young&rft.aufirst=Jefferey+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wired.com/epicenter/2011/02/steve-jobs-house-dem/">"Photos: The Historic House Steve Jobs Demolished"</a>. Wired. February 17, 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120603000841/http://www.wired.com/epicenter/2011/02/steve-jobs-house-dem">Archived</a> from the original on June 3, 2012. Retrieved March 11, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wired&rft.atitle=Photos%3A+The+Historic+House+Steve+Jobs+Demolished&rft.date=2011-02-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wired.com%2Fepicenter%2F2011%2F02%2Fsteve-jobs-house-dem%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaacson2011386–387-98"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIsaacson2011386–387_98-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFIsaacson2011">Isaacson 2011</a>, pp. 386–387. </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLee2011" class="citation news cs1">Lee, Henry K. (February 15, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2011/02/14/BAUK1HN0JR.DTL">"Steve Jobs' historic Woodside mansion is torn down"</a>. The San Francisco Chronicle. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111225152428/http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=%2Fc%2Fa%2F2011%2F02%2F14%2FBAUK1HN0JR.DTL">Archived</a> from the original on December 25, 2011. Retrieved February 7, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+San+Francisco+Chronicle&rft.atitle=Steve+Jobs%27+historic+Woodside+mansion+is+torn+down&rft.date=2011-02-15&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Henry+K.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfgate.com%2Fcgi-bin%2Farticle.cgi%3Ff%3D%2Fc%2Fa%2F2011%2F02%2F14%2FBAUK1HN0JR.DTL&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-TheVerge-100">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TheVerge_100-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-TheVerge_100-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-TheVerge_100-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160312014832/http://www.theverge.com/2013/6/27/4468314/steve-wozniak-on-how-the-newton-changed-his-life">"Steve Wozniak on Newton, Tesla, and why the original Macintosh was a 'lousy' product"</a>. June 27, 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theverge.com/2013/6/27/4468314/steve-wozniak-on-how-the-newton-changed-his-life">the original</a> on March 12, 2016. Retrieved June 28, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Steve+Wozniak+on+Newton%2C+Tesla%2C+and+why+the+original+Macintosh+was+a+%27lousy%27+product&rft.date=2013-06-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theverge.com%2F2013%2F6%2F27%2F4468314%2Fsteve-wozniak-on-how-the-newton-changed-his-life&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Grady2009" class="citation book cs1">O'Grady, Jason D. (2009). Apple Inc. ABC-CLIO. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780313362446" title="Special:BookSources/9780313362446"><bdi>9780313362446</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Apple+Inc.&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9780313362446&rft.aulast=O%27Grady&rft.aufirst=Jason+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> pp. 8–10 </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaacson2011109–112-102"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIsaacson2011109–112_102-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFIsaacson2011">Isaacson 2011</a>, pp. 109–112. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELinzmayer2004110–113-103"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELinzmayer2004110–113_103-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLinzmayer2004">Linzmayer 2004</a>, pp. 110–113. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaacson2011167–170-104"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIsaacson2011167–170_104-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFIsaacson2011">Isaacson 2011</a>, pp. 167–170. </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchlender2016" class="citation book cs1">Schlender, Brent; Tetzeli, Rick (2016). Becoming Steve Jobs: The Evolution of a Reckless Upstart into a Visionary Leader. Crown Business; Reprint edition. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780385347426" title="Special:BookSources/9780385347426"><bdi>9780385347426</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Becoming+Steve+Jobs%3A+The+Evolution+of+a+Reckless+Upstart+into+a+Visionary+Leader&rft.pub=Crown+Business%3B+Reprint+edition&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=9780385347426&rft.aulast=Schlender&rft.aufirst=Brent&rft.au=Tetzeli%2C+Rick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> pp.82–83 </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHertzfeld" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Andy_Hertzfeld" title="Andy Hertzfeld">Hertzfeld, Andy</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.folklore.org/StoryView.py?project=Macintosh&story=The_Times_They_Are_A-Changin.txt">"The Times They Are A-Changin'"</a>. folklore.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120205012505/http://www.folklore.org/StoryView.py?project=Macintosh&story=The_Times_They_Are_A-Changin.txt">Archived</a> from the original on February 5, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Times+They+Are+A-Changin%27&rft.pub=folklore.org&rft.aulast=Hertzfeld&rft.aufirst=Andy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.folklore.org%2FStoryView.py%3Fproject%3DMacintosh%26story%3DThe_Times_They_Are_A-Changin.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKahney2004" class="citation news cs1">Kahney, Leander (January 6, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140104172110/http://www.wired.com/gadgets/mac/news/2004/01/61730">"Wired News: We're All Mac Users Now"</a>. Wired News. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wired.com/gadgets/mac/news/2004/01/61730">the original</a> on January 4, 2014. Retrieved September 20, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wired+News&rft.atitle=Wired+News%3A+We%27re+All+Mac+Users+Now&rft.date=2004-01-06&rft.aulast=Kahney&rft.aufirst=Leander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wired.com%2Fgadgets%2Fmac%2Fnews%2F2004%2F01%2F61730&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140410024515/http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/storysupplement/stevejobs/index.html">"America's Most Admired Companies: Jobs' journey timeline"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Fortune_(magazine)" title="Fortune (magazine)">Fortune</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/storysupplement/stevejobs/index.html">the original</a> on April 10, 2014. Retrieved May 24, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fortune&rft.atitle=America%27s+Most+Admired+Companies%3A+Jobs%27+journey+timeline&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmoney.cnn.com%2Fmagazines%2Ffortune%2Fstorysupplement%2Fstevejobs%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> Jobs and a team of engineers visit Xerox PARC, where they see a demo of mouse and graphical user interface </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaacson2011185–187-109">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIsaacson2011185–187_109-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIsaacson2011185–187_109-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIsaacson2011185–187_109-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFIsaacson2011">Isaacson 2011</a>, pp. 185–187. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESchlender201684–88-110">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchlender201684–88_110-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchlender201684–88_110-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchlender201684–88_110-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFSchlender2016">Schlender 2016</a>, pp. 84–88. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELinzmayer200498-111"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELinzmayer200498_111-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLinzmayer2004">Linzmayer 2004</a>, p. 98. </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobbeloth,_DeWitt1985" class="citation news cs1">Robbeloth, DeWitt (October–November 1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/II_Computing_Vol_1_No_1_Oct_Nov_85_Premiere#page/n7/mode/2up">"Whither Apple?"</a>. II Computing. p. 8. Retrieved January 28, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=II+Computing&rft.atitle=Whither+Apple%3F&rft.pages=8&rft.date=1985-10%2F1985-11&rft.au=Robbeloth%2C+DeWitt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2FII_Computing_Vol_1_No_1_Oct_Nov_85_Premiere%23page%2Fn7%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRice,_Valerie1985" class="citation news cs1">Rice, Valerie (April 15, 1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zC4EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA35">"Unrecognized Apple II Employees Exit"</a>. InfoWorld. p. 35. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210514001050/https://books.google.com/books?id=zC4EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA35">Archived</a> from the original on May 14, 2021. Retrieved February 4, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=InfoWorld&rft.atitle=Unrecognized+Apple+II+Employees+Exit&rft.pages=35&rft.date=1985-04-15&rft.au=Rice%2C+Valerie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzC4EAAAAMBAJ%26pg%3DPA35&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBunnell2010" class="citation book cs1">Bunnell, David (April 30, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cultofmac.com/40434/steve-thumbs-his-nose-at-the-apple-ii-recollections/">"Chapter 10: Steve Thumbs his Nose at the Apple II"</a>. My Close Encounters With Steve Jobs. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190719104951/https://www.cultofmac.com/40434/steve-thumbs-his-nose-at-the-apple-ii-recollections/">Archived</a> from the original on July 19, 2019. Retrieved November 12, 2019 – via Cult of Mac.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+10%3A+Steve+Thumbs+his+Nose+at+the+Apple+II&rft.btitle=My+Close+Encounters+With+Steve+Jobs&rft.date=2010-04-30&rft.aulast=Bunnell&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cultofmac.com%2F40434%2Fsteve-thumbs-his-nose-at-the-apple-ii-recollections%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://woz.org/letters/never-left-apple/">"I Never Left Apple"</a>. Woz.org. January 3, 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190327162321/http://woz.org/letters/never-left-apple/">Archived</a> from the original on March 27, 2019. Retrieved November 12, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Woz.org&rft.atitle=I+Never+Left+Apple&rft.date=2018-01-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwoz.org%2Fletters%2Fnever-left-apple%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKrishnamoorthyLi2011" class="citation news cs1">Krishnamoorthy, Anand; Li, Susan (October 6, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2011-10-06/steve-jobs-s-death-struck-like-john-lennon-jfk-getting-shot-wozniak-says">"Jobs's Death Was Like Lennon, JFK Getting Shot, Wozniak Says"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_Businessweek" title="Bloomberg Businessweek">Bloomberg Businessweek</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191112175804/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2011-10-06/steve-jobs-s-death-struck-like-john-lennon-jfk-getting-shot-wozniak-says">Archived</a> from the original on November 12, 2019. Retrieved November 12, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg+Businessweek&rft.atitle=Jobs%27s+Death+Was+Like+Lennon%2C+JFK+Getting+Shot%2C+Wozniak+Says&rft.date=2011-10-06&rft.aulast=Krishnamoorthy&rft.aufirst=Anand&rft.au=Li%2C+Susan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F2011-10-06%2Fsteve-jobs-s-death-struck-like-john-lennon-jfk-getting-shot-wozniak-says&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/Technology/steve-jobs-fire-company/story?id=14683754">"When Steve Jobs Got Fired by Apple"</a>. <a href="/wiki/ABC_News_(United_States)" title="ABC News (United States)">ABC News</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=When+Steve+Jobs+Got+Fired+by+Apple&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2FTechnology%2Fsteve-jobs-fire-company%2Fstory%3Fid%3D14683754&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-118"><a href="#cite_ref-:0_118-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGallagher2019" class="citation web cs1">Gallagher, William (September 12, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://appleinsider.com/articles/18/09/12/looking-back-at-steve-jobss-next-inc----the-most-successful-failure-ever">"Looking back at Steve Jobs's NeXT, Inc — the most successful failure ever"</a>. AppleInsider. Retrieved July 12, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AppleInsider&rft.atitle=Looking+back+at+Steve+Jobs%27s+NeXT%2C+Inc+%E2%80%94+the+most+successful+failure+ever&rft.date=2019-09-12&rft.aulast=Gallagher&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fappleinsider.com%2Farticles%2F18%2F09%2F12%2Flooking-back-at-steve-jobss-next-inc----the-most-successful-failure-ever&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Swaine-119">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Swaine_119-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Swaine_119-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Swaine_119-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Swaine_119-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Swaine_119-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Swaine_119-5">f</a> Swaine, Michael and Paul Freiberger. Fire in the Valley: The Birth and Death of the Personal Computer, 3rd Edition, Dallas: Pragmatic Bookshelf, 2014 </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpector1985" class="citation news cs1">Spector, G (September 24, 1985). "Apple's Jobs Starts New Firm, Targets Education Market". <a href="/wiki/PC_Week" class="mw-redirect" title="PC Week">PC Week</a>. p. 109.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PC+Week&rft.atitle=Apple%27s+Jobs+Starts+New+Firm%2C+Targets+Education+Market&rft.pages=109&rft.date=1985-09-24&rft.aulast=Spector&rft.aufirst=G&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELinzmayer2004208-121"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELinzmayer2004208_121-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLinzmayer2004">Linzmayer 2004</a>, p. 208. </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchwartz1988" class="citation news cs1">Schwartz, John (October 24, 1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newsweek.com/steve-jobs-comes-back-207006">"Steve Jobs Comes Back"</a>. Newsweek. Palo Alto, California. p. Business. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141014213058/http://www.newsweek.com/steve-jobs-comes-back-207006">Archived</a> from the original on October 14, 2014. Retrieved October 20, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Newsweek&rft.atitle=Steve+Jobs+Comes+Back&rft.pages=Business&rft.date=1988-10-24&rft.aulast=Schwartz&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newsweek.com%2Fsteve-jobs-comes-back-207006&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kevra.org/TheBestOfNext/Timeline/TImeline.html">"NeXT Timeline"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150203052821/http://www.kevra.org/TheBestOfNext/Timeline/TImeline.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 3, 2015. Retrieved January 21, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NeXT+Timeline&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kevra.org%2FTheBestOfNext%2FTimeline%2FTImeline.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchlender1988" class="citation news cs1">Schlender, Brenton R. (October 13, 1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tech-insider.org/unix/research/1988/1013.html">"Next Project: Apple Era Behind Him, Steve Jobs Tries Again, Using a New System"</a>. The Wall Street Journal (Western ed.). Palo Alto, California: <a href="/wiki/Dow_Jones_%26_Company" title="Dow Jones & Company">Dow Jones & Company Inc</a>. p. Front Page Leader. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141020150953/http://tech-insider.org/unix/research/1988/1013.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 20, 2014. Retrieved October 20, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Next+Project%3A+Apple+Era+Behind+Him%2C+Steve+Jobs+Tries+Again%2C+Using+a+New+System&rft.pages=Front+Page+Leader&rft.date=1988-10-13&rft.aulast=Schlender&rft.aufirst=Brenton+R.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftech-insider.org%2Funix%2Fresearch%2F1988%2F1013.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a> Rose, F. (April 23, 2009). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRose2011" class="citation news cs1">Rose, Frank (August 24, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wired.com/epicenter/2011/08/the-end-of-inno/">"The End of Innocence at Apple: What Happened After Steve Jobs was Fired"</a>. Wired. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111008173249/http://www.wired.com/epicenter/2011/08/the-end-of-inno">Archived</a> from the original on October 8, 2011. Retrieved March 11, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wired&rft.atitle=The+End+of+Innocence+at+Apple%3A+What+Happened+After+Steve+Jobs+was+Fired&rft.date=2011-08-24&rft.aulast=Rose&rft.aufirst=Frank&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wired.com%2Fepicenter%2F2011%2F08%2Fthe-end-of-inno%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988">. Wired. </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://info.cern.ch/">"Welcome to info.cern.ch: The website of the world's first-ever web server"</a>. CERN (European Organization for Nuclear Research). 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100117153723/http://info.cern.ch/">Archived</a> from the original on January 17, 2010. Retrieved November 1, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Welcome+to+info.cern.ch%3A+The+website+of+the+world%27s+first-ever+web+server&rft.pub=CERN+%28European+Organization+for+Nuclear+Research%29&rft.date=2008&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Finfo.cern.ch%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> Computimes. (May 31, 1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=YK5UAAAAIBAJ&sjid=cZADAAAAIBAJ&pg=4008%2C4314860">Interpersonal computing – the third revolution?</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160429021747/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=YK5UAAAAIBAJ&sjid=cZADAAAAIBAJ&pg=4008,4314860">Archived</a> April 29, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. New Straits Times. (230), 20; Schlender, B. R., Alpert, M. (February 12, 1990). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchlender1990" class="citation news cs1">Schlender, Brenton R. (February 12, 1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/1990/02/12/73067/index.htm">"Who's ahead in the computer wars"</a>. CNN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201129082428/https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/1990/02/12/73067/index.htm">Archived</a> from the original on November 29, 2020. Retrieved August 3, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Who%27s+ahead+in+the+computer+wars&rft.date=1990-02-12&rft.aulast=Schlender&rft.aufirst=Brenton+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmoney.cnn.com%2Fmagazines%2Ffortune%2Ffortune_archive%2F1990%2F02%2F12%2F73067%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988">. <a href="/wiki/Fortune_(magazine)" title="Fortune (magazine)">Fortune</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a> Stross, R. E. (1993). Steve Jobs and the NeXT Big Thing. Atheneum. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-689-12135-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-689-12135-7">978-0-689-12135-7</a>. pp. 117, 120, 246. </li> <li id="cite_note-OGrady-129">^ <a href="#cite_ref-OGrady_129-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-OGrady_129-1">b</a> O'Grady, J. (2008). Apple Inc. Greenwood Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-36244-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-36244-6">978-0-313-36244-6</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">pages needed</a>] </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELinzmayer2004213-130"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELinzmayer2004213_130-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLinzmayer2004">Linzmayer 2004</a>, p. 213. </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLanger2014" class="citation web cs1">Langer, Andy (September 10, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.esquire.com/news-politics/a11177/steve-jobs-esquire-interview-0703/">"Is Steve Jobs the God of Music?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Esquire_(magazine)" title="Esquire (magazine)">Esquire</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hearst_Communications" title="Hearst Communications">Hearst Communications</a>. Retrieved July 10, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Esquire&rft.atitle=Is+Steve+Jobs+the+God+of+Music%3F&rft.date=2014-09-10&rft.aulast=Langer&rft.aufirst=Andy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.esquire.com%2Fnews-politics%2Fa11177%2Fsteve-jobs-esquire-interview-0703%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alvy_Ray_Smith" title="Alvy Ray Smith">Smith, Alvy Ray</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050427012806/http://alvyray.com/Pixar/default.htm">"Pixar Founding Documents"</a>. Alvy Ray Smith Homepage. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://alvyray.com/pixar/default.htm">the original</a> on April 27, 2005. Retrieved January 11, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Alvy+Ray+Smith+Homepage&rft.atitle=Pixar+Founding+Documents&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Alvy+Ray&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Falvyray.com%2Fpixar%2Fdefault.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBates1995" class="citation web cs1">Bates, James (October 24, 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1995-10-24-fi-60492-story.html">"Steve Jobs to Get Executive Producer Credit on Disney Animated Film"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220928114156/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1995-10-24-fi-60492-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 28, 2022. Retrieved September 28, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Steve+Jobs+to+Get+Executive+Producer+Credit+on+Disney+Animated+Film&rft.date=1995-10-24&rft.aulast=Bates&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1995-10-24-fi-60492-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/pixar-brave-steve-jobs-tribute-329832">"Pixar's 'Brave' Honors Steve Jobs"</a>. The Hollywood Reporter. May 25, 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210214011411/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/pixar-brave-steve-jobs-tribute-329832">Archived</a> from the original on February 14, 2021. Retrieved February 8, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Hollywood+Reporter&rft.atitle=Pixar%27s+%27Brave%27+Honors+Steve+Jobs&rft.date=2012-05-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hollywoodreporter.com%2Fnews%2Fpixar-brave-steve-jobs-tribute-329832&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHill,_Jim2012" class="citation web cs1">Hill, Jim (February 5, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jimhillmedia.com/editor_in_chief1/b/jim_hill/archive/2012/02/05/steve-jobs-bio-reveals-how-michael-eisner-actively-tried-to-derail-disney-s-acquisition-of-pixar.aspx">"Steve Jobs bio reveals how Michael Eisner actively tried to derail Disney's 2006 acquisition of Pixar"</a>. Jim Hill Media. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120627083419/http://jimhillmedia.com/editor_in_chief1/b/jim_hill/archive/2012/02/05/steve-jobs-bio-reveals-how-michael-eisner-actively-tried-to-derail-disney-s-acquisition-of-pixar.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on June 27, 2012. Retrieved February 10, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Steve+Jobs+bio+reveals+how+Michael+Eisner+actively+tried+to+derail+Disney%27s+2006+acquisition+of+Pixar&rft.pub=Jim+Hill+Media&rft.date=2012-02-05&rft.au=Hill%2C+Jim&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjimhillmedia.com%2Feditor_in_chief1%2Fb%2Fjim_hill%2Farchive%2F2012%2F02%2F05%2Fsteve-jobs-bio-reveals-how-michael-eisner-actively-tried-to-derail-disney-s-acquisition-of-pixar.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcClintock2013" class="citation news cs1">McClintock, Pamela (February 24, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/oscars-2013-brave-win-a-423951">"Oscars 2013: Brenda Chapman's 'Brave' Win a Vindication After Being Fired From the Project"</a>. The Hollywood Reporter. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210420000831/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/oscars-2013-brave-win-a-423951">Archived</a> from the original on April 20, 2021. Retrieved May 1, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hollywood+Reporter&rft.atitle=Oscars+2013%3A+Brenda+Chapman%27s+%27Brave%27+Win+a+Vindication+After+Being+Fired+From+the+Project&rft.date=2013-02-24&rft.aulast=McClintock&rft.aufirst=Pamela&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hollywoodreporter.com%2Fnews%2Foscars-2013-brave-win-a-423951&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a> Wolff, Michael, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vanityfair.com/culture/features/2006/04/wolff200604?currentPage=all">"iPod, Therefore I am"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Vanity_Fair_(magazine)" title="Vanity Fair (magazine)">Vanity Fair</a>. October 10, 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140328111011/http://www.vanityfair.com/culture/features/2006/04/wolff200604?currentPage=all">Archived</a> from the original on March 28, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vanity+Fair&rft.atitle=iPod%2C+Therefore+I+am&rft.date=2006-10-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vanityfair.com%2Fculture%2Ffeatures%2F2006%2F04%2Fwolff200604%3FcurrentPage%3Dall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988">, <a href="/wiki/Vanity_Fair_(magazine)" title="Vanity Fair (magazine)">Vanity Fair</a>, April 2006. Retrieved September 3, 2010. </li> <li id="cite_note-iger20190918-138">^ <a href="#cite_ref-iger20190918_138-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-iger20190918_138-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-iger20190918_138-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIger2019" class="citation magazine cs1">Iger, Robert (September 18, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2019/09/bob-iger-remembers-steve-jobs?te=1&nl=dealbook&emc=edit_dk_20190919?campaign_id=4&instance_id=12489&segment_id=17151&user_id=337d393aaa73fc32d3fe2afbe5b1047d&regi_id=1317820190919">"'We Could Say Anything to Each Other': Bob Iger Remembers Steve Jobs"</a>. Vanity Fair. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210310044712/https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2019/09/bob-iger-remembers-steve-jobs?te=1&nl=dealbook&emc=edit_dk_20190919%3Fcampaign_id%3D4&instance_id=12489&segment_id=17151&user_id=337d393aaa73fc32d3fe2afbe5b1047d&regi_id=1317820190919">Archived</a> from the original on March 10, 2021. Retrieved February 7, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vanity+Fair&rft.atitle=%27We+Could+Say+Anything+to+Each+Other%27%3A+Bob+Iger+Remembers+Steve+Jobs&rft.date=2019-09-18&rft.aulast=Iger&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vanityfair.com%2Fnews%2F2019%2F09%2Fbob-iger-remembers-steve-jobs%3Fte%3D1%26nl%3Ddealbook%26emc%3Dedit_dk_20190919%3Fcampaign_id%3D4%26instance_id%3D12489%26segment_id%3D17151%26user_id%3D337d393aaa73fc32d3fe2afbe5b1047d%26regi_id%3D1317820190919&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-DisneyBuysPixar-139">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DisneyBuysPixar_139-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-DisneyBuysPixar_139-1">b</a> January 25, 2006 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://inhome.rediff.com/money/2006/jan/25disney.htm">"Disney buys Pixar for $7.4 bn"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131109012018/http://inhome.rediff.com/money/2006/jan/25disney.htm">Archived</a> from the original on November 9, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Disney+buys+Pixar+for+%247.4+bn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Finhome.rediff.com%2Fmoney%2F2006%2Fjan%2F25disney.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988">, rediff.com </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://corporate.disney.go.com/corporate/bios/steve_jobs.html">"The Walt Disney Company – Steve Jobs Biography"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120426205336/http://corporate.disney.go.com/corporate/bios/steve_jobs.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 26, 2012. Retrieved June 22, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Walt+Disney+Company+%E2%80%93+Steve+Jobs+Biography&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcorporate.disney.go.com%2Fcorporate%2Fbios%2Fsteve_jobs.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolson2006" class="citation news cs1">Holson, Laura M. (January 25, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2006/01/25/business/25disney.html">"Disney Agrees to Acquire Pixar in a $7.4 Billion Deal"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111009001039/http://www.nytimes.com/2006/01/25/business/25disney.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 9, 2011. Retrieved January 17, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Disney+Agrees+to+Acquire+Pixar+in+a+%247.4+Billion+Deal&rft.date=2006-01-25&rft.aulast=Holson&rft.aufirst=Laura+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2006%2F01%2F25%2Fbusiness%2F25disney.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2006/05/06/business/media/06pixar.html">"Pixar Becomes Unit of Disney"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. May 6, 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110423133903/http://www.nytimes.com/2006/05/06/business/media/06pixar.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 23, 2011. Retrieved January 17, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Pixar+Becomes+Unit+of+Disney&rft.date=2006-05-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2006%2F05%2F06%2Fbusiness%2Fmedia%2F06pixar.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120423053407/http://www.splashnology.com/article/steve-jobs-1955-%E2%80%93-2011/2961/">"Steve Jobs, 1955–2011"</a>. Splashnogly. October 6, 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.splashnology.com/article/steve-jobs-1955-%E2%80%93-2011/2961/">the original</a> on April 23, 2012. Retrieved January 15, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Steve+Jobs%2C+1955%E2%80%932011&rft.pub=Splashnogly&rft.date=2011-10-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.splashnology.com%2Farticle%2Fsteve-jobs-1955-%25E2%2580%2593-2011%2F2961%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140410023716/http://mobile.bloomberg.com/news/2011-11-23/steven-jobs-trust-reports-holding-7-7-stake-in-walt-disney-1-.html">"Jobs's 7.7% Disney Stake Transfers to Trust Led by Widow Laurene"</a>. Bloomberg. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mobile.bloomberg.com/news/2011-11-23/steven-jobs-trust-reports-holding-7-7-stake-in-walt-disney-1-.html">the original</a> on April 10, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg&rft.atitle=Jobs%27s+7.7%25+Disney+Stake+Transfers+to+Trust+Led+by+Widow+Laurene&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmobile.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2F2011-11-23%2Fsteven-jobs-trust-reports-holding-7-7-stake-in-walt-disney-1-.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNorman2009" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Floyd_Norman" title="Floyd Norman">Norman, Floyd</a> (January 19, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jimhillmedia.com/blogs/floyd_norman/archive/2009/01/19/steve-jobs-a-tough-act-to-follow.aspx">"Steve Jobs: A Tough Act to Follow"</a>. Jim Hill Media. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100508103204/http://jimhillmedia.com/blogs/floyd_norman/archive/2009/01/19/steve-jobs-a-tough-act-to-follow.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on May 8, 2010. Retrieved January 19, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Steve+Jobs%3A+A+Tough+Act+to+Follow&rft.date=2009-01-19&rft.aulast=Norman&rft.aufirst=Floyd&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjimhillmedia.com%2Fblogs%2Ffloyd_norman%2Farchive%2F2009%2F01%2F19%2Fsteve-jobs-a-tough-act-to-follow.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ventures-144">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ventures_144-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ventures_144-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBort2014" class="citation web cs1">Bort, Julie (June 5, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.inc.com/julie-bort/steve-jobs-taught-this-man-how-to-win-arguments-with-really-stubborn-people.html">"Steve Jobs Taught This Man How To Win Arguments With Really Stubborn People"</a>. Inc. Monsueto Ventures. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140608002440/http://www.inc.com/julie-bort/steve-jobs-taught-this-man-how-to-win-arguments-with-really-stubborn-people.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 8, 2014. Retrieved June 8, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Inc.&rft.atitle=Steve+Jobs+Taught+This+Man+How+To+Win+Arguments+With+Really+Stubborn+People&rft.date=2014-06-05&rft.aulast=Bort&rft.aufirst=Julie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.inc.com%2Fjulie-bort%2Fsteve-jobs-taught-this-man-how-to-win-arguments-with-really-stubborn-people.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWIRED_Staff" class="citation magazine cs1">WIRED Staff. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wired.com/1996/12/apple-buyout-of-be-appears-unlikely/">"Apple Buyout of Be Appears Unlikely"</a>. Wired. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1059-1028">1059-1028</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231105035855/https://www.wired.com/1996/12/apple-buyout-of-be-appears-unlikely/">Archived</a> from the original on November 5, 2023. Retrieved November 5, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wired&rft.atitle=Apple+Buyout+of+Be+Appears+Unlikely&rft.issn=1059-1028&rft.au=WIRED+Staff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wired.com%2F1996%2F12%2Fapple-buyout-of-be-appears-unlikely%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.spokesman.com/stories/1996/nov/27/software-deal-turns-up-heat-on-apple/">"Software Deal Turns Up Heat On Apple | The Spokesman-Review"</a>. www.spokesman.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231105035854/https://www.spokesman.com/stories/1996/nov/27/software-deal-turns-up-heat-on-apple/">Archived</a> from the original on November 5, 2023. Retrieved November 5, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.spokesman.com&rft.atitle=Software+Deal+Turns+Up+Heat+On+Apple+%7C+The+Spokesman-Review&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.spokesman.com%2Fstories%2F1996%2Fnov%2F27%2Fsoftware-deal-turns-up-heat-on-apple%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarkoff1996" class="citation news cs1">Markoff, John (December 23, 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1996/12/23/business/why-apple-sees-next-as-a-match-made-in-heaven.html">"Why Apple Sees Next as a Match Made in Heaven"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231105035855/https://www.nytimes.com/1996/12/23/business/why-apple-sees-next-as-a-match-made-in-heaven.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 5, 2023. Retrieved November 5, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Why+Apple+Sees+Next+as+a+Match+Made+in+Heaven&rft.date=1996-12-23&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Markoff&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1996%2F12%2F23%2Fbusiness%2Fwhy-apple-sees-next-as-a-match-made-in-heaven.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKawamoto1996" class="citation web cs1">Kawamoto, Dawn (December 20, 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnet.com/tech/tech-industry/apple-acquires-next-jobs/">"Apple acquires Next, Jobs"</a>. CNET. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220606093742/https://www.cnet.com/tech/tech-industry/apple-acquires-next-jobs/">Archived</a> from the original on June 6, 2022. Retrieved October 26, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNET&rft.atitle=Apple+acquires+Next%2C+Jobs&rft.date=1996-12-20&rft.aulast=Kawamoto&rft.aufirst=Dawn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnet.com%2Ftech%2Ftech-industry%2Fapple-acquires-next-jobs%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/library/cyber/week/091797apple.html">"Apple Formally Names Jobs as Interim Chief"</a>. The New York Times. September 17, 1997. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171117174448/http://www.nytimes.com/library/cyber/week/091797apple.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 17, 2017. Retrieved June 27, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Apple+Formally+Names+Jobs+as+Interim+Chief&rft.date=1997-09-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Flibrary%2Fcyber%2Fweek%2F091797apple.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090416051238/http://archive.salon.com/tech/books/2000/10/11/jobs_excerpt/index2.html">"The once and future Steve Jobs"</a>. Salon.com. October 11, 2000. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.salon.com/tech/books/2000/10/11/jobs_excerpt/index2.html">the original</a> on April 16, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Salon.com&rft.atitle=The+once+and+future+Steve+Jobs&rft.date=2000-10-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.salon.com%2Ftech%2Fbooks%2F2000%2F10%2F11%2Fjobs_excerpt%2Findex2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNorr2000" class="citation news cs1">Norr, Henry (January 6, 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/2000-01-06/business/17635644_1_mac-os-itools-apple-servers">"MacWorld Expo/Permanent Jobs/Apple CEO finally drops 'interim' from title"</a>. San Francisco Chronicle. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111102181558/http://articles.sfgate.com/2000-01-06/business/17635644_1_mac-os-itools-apple-servers">Archived</a> from the original on November 2, 2011. Retrieved June 27, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=San+Francisco+Chronicle&rft.atitle=MacWorld+Expo%2FPermanent+Jobs%2FApple+CEO+finally+drops+%27interim%27+from+title&rft.date=2000-01-06&rft.aulast=Norr&rft.aufirst=Henry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfgate.com%2Fcgi-bin%2Farticle.cgi%3Ff%3D%2F2000-01-06%2Fbusiness%2F17635644_1_mac-os-itools-apple-servers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130820231820/http://archives.cnn.com/2000/TECH/computing/01/05/macworld.keynote/index.html">"Jobs announces new MacOS, becomes 'iCEO'"</a>. CNN. January 5, 2000. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archives.cnn.com/2000/TECH/computing/01/05/macworld.keynote/index.html">the original</a> on August 20, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Jobs+announces+new+MacOS%2C+becomes+%27iCEO%27&rft.date=2000-01-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchives.cnn.com%2F2000%2FTECH%2Fcomputing%2F01%2F05%2Fmacworld.keynote%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLevy1995" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Steven_Levy" title="Steven Levy">Levy, Steven</a> (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xqZQAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA312">Insanely Great: The Life and Times of Macintosh, the Computer That Changed Everything</a>. <a href="/wiki/Penguin_Books" title="Penguin Books">Penguin Books</a>. p. 312. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-023237-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-023237-0"><bdi>978-0-14-023237-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200820022749/https://books.google.com/books?id=xqZQAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA312">Archived</a> from the original on August 20, 2020. Retrieved May 6, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Insanely+Great%3A+The+Life+and+Times+of+Macintosh%2C+the+Computer+That+Changed+Everything&rft.pages=312&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-14-023237-0&rft.aulast=Levy&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxqZQAAAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA312&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.cnet.com/8301-10787_3-9940589-60.html">"If Apple can go home again, why not Dell?"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120826215925/http://news.cnet.com/8301-10787_3-9940589-60.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 26, 2012. Retrieved January 5, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=If+Apple+can+go+home+again%2C+why+not+Dell%3F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.cnet.com%2F8301-10787_3-9940589-60.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> CNET News. May 19, 2008. </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.news.com/Dell-Apple-should-close-shop/2100-1001_3-203937.html">"Dell: Apple should close shop"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNET" title="CNET">CNET</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080517153618/http://www.news.com/Dell-Apple-should-close-shop/2100-1001_3-203937.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 17, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNET&rft.atitle=Dell%3A+Apple+should+close+shop&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.news.com%2FDell-Apple-should-close-shop%2F2100-1001_3-203937.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarkoff2006" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Markoff" title="John Markoff">Markoff, John</a> (January 16, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2006/01/16/technology/16apple.html">"Michael Dell Should Eat His Words, Apple Chief Suggests"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120604/http://www.nytimes.com/2006/01/16/technology/16apple.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 4, 2012. Retrieved May 24, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Michael+Dell+Should+Eat+His+Words%2C+Apple+Chief+Suggests&rft.date=2006-01-16&rft.aulast=Markoff&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2006%2F01%2F16%2Ftechnology%2F16apple.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/carminegallo/2012/10/04/11-presentation-lessons-you-can-still-learn-from-steve-jobs/">"11 Presentation Lessons You Can Still Learn From Steve Jobs"</a>. Forbes. May 28, 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140605113729/http://www.forbes.com/sites/carminegallo/2012/10/04/11-presentation-lessons-you-can-still-learn-from-steve-jobs/">Archived</a> from the original on June 5, 2014. Retrieved June 16, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=11+Presentation+Lessons+You+Can+Still+Learn+From+Steve+Jobs&rft.date=2014-05-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Fcarminegallo%2F2012%2F10%2F04%2F11-presentation-lessons-you-can-still-learn-from-steve-jobs%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-latimes_turtleneck-158">^ <a href="#cite_ref-latimes_turtleneck_158-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-latimes_turtleneck_158-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/technology/2011/10/steve-jobs-explains-black-turtleneck-in-biography.html">"Steve Jobs' black turtleneck reportedly explained in biography"</a>. Los Angeles Times. October 11, 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111028073808/http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/technology/2011/10/steve-jobs-explains-black-turtleneck-in-biography.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 28, 2011. Retrieved October 14, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Steve+Jobs%27+black+turtleneck+reportedly+explained+in+biography&rft.date=2011-10-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flatimesblogs.latimes.com%2Ftechnology%2F2011%2F10%2Fsteve-jobs-explains-black-turtleneck-in-biography.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gizmodo.com/gadgets/pcs/wear-the-exact-outfit-of-steve-jobs-for-458-157402.php">"Wear the Exact Outfit of Steve Jobs for $458"</a>. Gizmodo. February 28, 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110711100122/http://gizmodo.com/gadgets/pcs/wear-the-exact-outfit-of-steve-jobs-for-458-157402.php">Archived</a> from the original on July 11, 2011. Retrieved April 19, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gizmodo&rft.atitle=Wear+the+Exact+Outfit+of+Steve+Jobs+for+%24458&rft.date=2006-02-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgizmodo.com%2Fgadgets%2Fpcs%2Fwear-the-exact-outfit-of-steve-jobs-for-458-157402.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070509071812/http://www.canada.com/topics/finance/story.html?id=e23e0409-6b23-4176-83b6-b42012dd79fd&k=88694">"New questions raised about Steve Jobs's role in Apple stock options scandal"</a>. December 28, 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.canada.com/topics/finance/story.html?id=e23e0409-6b23-4176-83b6-b42012dd79fd&k=88694">the original</a> on May 9, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=New+questions+raised+about+Steve+Jobs%27s+role+in+Apple+stock+options+scandal&rft.date=2006-12-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.canada.com%2Ftopics%2Ffinance%2Fstory.html%3Fid%3De23e0409-6b23-4176-83b6-b42012dd79fd%26k%3D88694&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eetimes.com/news/latest/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=196800077">"Apple restates, acknowledges faked documents"</a>. <a href="/wiki/EE_Times" title="EE Times">EE Times</a>. December 29, 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130521222121/http://www.eetimes.com/news/latest/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=196800077">Archived</a> from the original on May 21, 2013. Retrieved January 1, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=EE+Times&rft.atitle=Apple+restates%2C+acknowledges+faked+documents&rft.date=2006-12-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eetimes.com%2Fnews%2Flatest%2FshowArticle.jhtml%3FarticleID%3D196800077&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wired.com/2005/06/live-jobs-tells-stanford-grads/">"Live, Jobs Tells Stanford Grads"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Wired_(magazine)" title="Wired (magazine)">Wired</a>. June 13, 2005. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1059-1028">1059-1028</a>. Retrieved July 31, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wired&rft.atitle=Live%2C+Jobs+Tells+Stanford+Grads&rft.date=2005-06-13&rft.issn=1059-1028&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wired.com%2F2005%2F06%2Flive-jobs-tells-stanford-grads%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,1895,1952356,00.asp">"Apple Improves Recycling Plan"</a>. <a href="/wiki/PC_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="PC Magazine">PC Magazine</a>. April 21, 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081020063840/http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0%2C1895%2C1952356%2C00.asp">Archived</a> from the original on October 20, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PC+Magazine&rft.atitle=Apple+Improves+Recycling+Plan&rft.date=2006-04-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pcmag.com%2Farticle2%2F0%2C1895%2C1952356%2C00.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBilton2011" class="citation news cs1">Bilton, Nick (August 9, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/08/09/apple-most-valuable-company/">"Apple Is the Most Valuable Company"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120225221243/http://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/08/09/apple-most-valuable-company/">Archived</a> from the original on February 25, 2012. Retrieved February 24, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Apple+Is+the+Most+Valuable+Company&rft.date=2011-08-09&rft.aulast=Bilton&rft.aufirst=Nick&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbits.blogs.nytimes.com%2F2011%2F08%2F09%2Fapple-most-valuable-company%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-165"><a href="#cite_ref-165">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/7.30/content/2011/s3334132.htm">"7.30"</a>. ABCnet.au. October 6, 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111008233713/http://www.abc.net.au/7.30/content/2011/s3334132.htm">Archived</a> from the original on October 8, 2011. Retrieved November 12, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=7.30&rft.pub=ABCnet.au&rft.date=2011-10-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2F7.30%2Fcontent%2F2011%2Fs3334132.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/lateline/content/2011/s3334178.htm">"Lateline: "Visionary Steve Jobs succumbs to cancer""</a>. ABCnet.au. October 6, 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111008190715/http://www.abc.net.au/lateline/content/2011/s3334178.htm">Archived</a> from the original on October 8, 2011. Retrieved November 12, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lateline%3A+%22Visionary+Steve+Jobs+succumbs+to+cancer%22&rft.pub=ABCnet.au&rft.date=2011-10-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Flateline%2Fcontent%2F2011%2Fs3334178.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.engadget.com/2007/01/09/live-from-macworld-2007-steve-jobs-keynote">"Live from Macworld 2007: Steve Jobs keynote"</a>. 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120626173941/http://www.engadget.com/2007/01/09/live-from-macworld-2007-steve-jobs-keynote">Archived</a> from the original on June 26, 2012. Retrieved April 19, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Live+from+Macworld+2007%3A+Steve+Jobs+keynote&rft.date=2007&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.engadget.com%2F2007%2F01%2F09%2Flive-from-macworld-2007-steve-jobs-keynote&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120201113415/http://www.dailytech.com/Group+Wants+7B+USD+From+Apple+Steve+Jobs+Executives+Over+Securities+Fraud+/article12258.htm">"Group Wants $7B USD From Apple, Steve Jobs, Executives Over Securities Fraud"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailytech.com/Group+Wants+7B+USD+From+Apple+Steve+Jobs+Executives+Over+Securities+Fraud+/article12258.htm">the original</a> on February 1, 2012. Retrieved July 2, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Group+Wants+%247B+USD+From+Apple%2C+Steve+Jobs%2C+Executives+Over+Securities+Fraud&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailytech.com%2FGroup%2BWants%2B7B%2BUSD%2BFrom%2BApple%2BSteve%2BJobs%2BExecutives%2BOver%2BSecurities%2BFraud%2B%2Farticle12258.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.informationweek.com/news/global-cio/legal/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=208802018">"Apple, Steve Jobs, Executives, Board, Sued For Securities Fraud"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090519090826/http://www.informationweek.com/news/global-cio/legal/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=208802018">Archived</a> from the original on May 19, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Apple%2C+Steve+Jobs%2C+Executives%2C+Board%2C+Sued+For+Securities+Fraud&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.informationweek.com%2Fnews%2Fglobal-cio%2Flegal%2FshowArticle.jhtml%3FarticleID%3D208802018&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-obama-170">^ <a href="#cite_ref-obama_170-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-obama_170-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoss2011" class="citation news cs1">Ross, Andrew S. (November 1, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2011/11/01/BUHP1LOI3O.DTL">"Steve Jobs bio sheds light on Obama relationship"</a>. San Francisco Chronicle. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111104073135/http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=%2Fc%2Fa%2F2011%2F11%2F01%2FBUHP1LOI3O.DTL">Archived</a> from the original on November 4, 2011. Retrieved November 12, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=San+Francisco+Chronicle&rft.atitle=Steve+Jobs+bio+sheds+light+on+Obama+relationship&rft.date=2011-11-01&rft.aulast=Ross&rft.aufirst=Andrew+S.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfgate.com%2Fcgi-bin%2Farticle.cgi%3Ff%3D%2Fc%2Fa%2F2011%2F11%2F01%2FBUHP1LOI3O.DTL&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Evangelista-2004-171">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Evangelista-2004_171-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Evangelista-2004_171-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Evangelista-2004_171-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Evangelista-2004_171-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEvangelista2004" class="citation news cs1">Evangelista, Benny (August 2, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/c/a/2004/08/02/MNGMJ816F41.DTL">"Apple's Jobs has cancerous tumor removed"</a>. San Francisco Chronicle. p. A1. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060818215442/http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=%2Fc%2Fa%2F2004%2F08%2F02%2FMNGMJ816F41.DTL">Archived</a> from the original on August 18, 2006. Retrieved August 9, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=San+Francisco+Chronicle&rft.atitle=Apple%27s+Jobs+has+cancerous+tumor+removed&rft.pages=A1&rft.date=2004-08-02&rft.aulast=Evangelista&rft.aufirst=Benny&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfgate.com%2Fcgi-bin%2Farticle.cgi%3Ffile%3D%2Fc%2Fa%2F2004%2F08%2F02%2FMNGMJ816F41.DTL&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-172"><a href="#cite_ref-172">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.celebritydiagnosis.com/2011/10/steve-jobs-and-the-celebrity-diagnosis-complete-guide-to-pancreatic-cancers/">"Steve Jobs and the Celebrity Diagnosis Complete Guide to Tumors of the Pancreas"</a>. Celebrity Diagnosis. October 6, 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120626212907/http://www.celebritydiagnosis.com/2011/10/steve-jobs-and-the-celebrity-diagnosis-complete-guide-to-pancreatic-cancers/">Archived</a> from the original on June 26, 2012. Retrieved November 12, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Steve+Jobs+and+the+Celebrity+Diagnosis+Complete+Guide+to+Tumors+of+the+Pancreas&rft.pub=Celebrity+Diagnosis&rft.date=2011-10-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.celebritydiagnosis.com%2F2011%2F10%2Fsteve-jobs-and-the-celebrity-diagnosis-complete-guide-to-pancreatic-cancers%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-173"><a href="#cite_ref-173">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElkind2008" class="citation news cs1">Elkind, Peter (March 5, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://money.cnn.com/2008/03/02/news/companies/elkind_jobs.fortune/index.htm">"The trouble with Steve Jobs"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Fortune_(magazine)" title="Fortune (magazine)">Fortune</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100421165823/http://money.cnn.com/2008/03/02/news/companies/elkind_jobs.fortune/index.htm">Archived</a> from the original on April 21, 2010. Retrieved March 5, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fortune&rft.atitle=The+trouble+with+Steve+Jobs&rft.date=2008-03-05&rft.aulast=Elkind&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmoney.cnn.com%2F2008%2F03%2F02%2Fnews%2Fcompanies%2Felkind_jobs.fortune%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-174"><a href="#cite_ref-174">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFiore2012" class="citation news cs1">Fiore, Kristina (December 28, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.medpagetoday.com/HematologyOncology/OtherCancers/30421">"Jobs Leaves Lessons for Cancer Care"</a>. MedPage Today. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140410025609/http://www.medpagetoday.com/HematologyOncology/OtherCancers/30421">Archived</a> from the original on April 10, 2014. Retrieved July 14, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MedPage+Today&rft.atitle=Jobs+Leaves+Lessons+for+Cancer+Care&rft.date=2012-12-28&rft.aulast=Fiore&rft.aufirst=Kristina&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.medpagetoday.com%2FHematologyOncology%2FOtherCancers%2F30421&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-175"><a href="#cite_ref-175">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGorski2011" class="citation web cs1">Gorski, David (October 31, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sciencebasedmedicine.org/one-more-thing/">""And one more thing" about Steve Jobs' battle with cancer"</a>. Science-Based Medicine. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200511020931/https://sciencebasedmedicine.org/one-more-thing/">Archived</a> from the original on May 11, 2020. Retrieved October 9, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Science-Based+Medicine&rft.atitle=%22And+one+more+thing%22+about+Steve+Jobs%27+battle+with+cancer&rft.date=2011-10-31&rft.aulast=Gorski&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsciencebasedmedicine.org%2Fone-more-thing%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-176"><a href="#cite_ref-176">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mskcc.org/prg/prg/bios/525.cfm">Physician Biography</a> for <a href="/wiki/Barrie_R._Cassileth" title="Barrie R. Cassileth">Barrie R. Cassileth</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111113140753/http://www.mskcc.org/prg/prg/bios/525.cfm">Archived</a> November 13, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-177"><a href="#cite_ref-177">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSzabo2013" class="citation news cs1">Szabo, Liz (June 18, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2013/06/18/book-raises-alarms-about-alternative-medicine/2429385/">"Book raises alarms about alternative medicine"</a>. USA Today. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130618204646/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2013/06/18/book-raises-alarms-about-alternative-medicine/2429385/">Archived</a> from the original on June 18, 2013. Retrieved June 19, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=Book+raises+alarms+about+alternative+medicine&rft.date=2013-06-18&rft.aulast=Szabo&rft.aufirst=Liz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Fnation%2F2013%2F06%2F18%2Fbook-raises-alarms-about-alternative-medicine%2F2429385%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-178"><a href="#cite_ref-178">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPotter2011" class="citation web cs1">Potter, Ned (October 20, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/Technology/steve-jobs-treatment-biographer-jobs-delayed-surgery-pancreatic/story?id=14781250">"Steve Jobs Regretted Delaying Cancer Surgery 9 Months, Biographer Says"</a>. <a href="/wiki/ABC_News_(United_States)" title="ABC News (United States)">ABC News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140410015342/http://abcnews.go.com/story?id=14781250">Archived</a> from the original on April 10, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=Steve+Jobs+Regretted+Delaying+Cancer+Surgery+9+Months%2C+Biographer+Says&rft.date=2011-10-20&rft.aulast=Potter&rft.aufirst=Ned&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2FTechnology%2Fsteve-jobs-treatment-biographer-jobs-delayed-surgery-pancreatic%2Fstory%3Fid%3D14781250&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-179"><a href="#cite_ref-179">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMetzOrtutayRobertsonWriters" class="citation web cs1">Metz, Rachel; Ortutay, Barbara; Robertson, Jordan; Writers, AP Technology. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://phys.org/news/2011-10-biography-steve-jobs-life.html">"Jobs questioned authority all his life, book says (Update)"</a>. phys.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221023203618/https://phys.org/news/2011-10-biography-steve-jobs-life.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 23, 2022. Retrieved October 23, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=phys.org&rft.atitle=Jobs+questioned+authority+all+his+life%2C+book+says+%28Update%29&rft.aulast=Metz&rft.aufirst=Rachel&rft.au=Ortutay%2C+Barbara&rft.au=Robertson%2C+Jordan&rft.au=Writers%2C+AP+Technology&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fphys.org%2Fnews%2F2011-10-biography-steve-jobs-life.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-180"><a href="#cite_ref-180">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/science/steve-jobs-chose-herbal-medicine-delayed-cancer-surgery-1.1124855">"Steve Jobs chose herbal medicine, delayed cancer surgery"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221023203618/https://www.cbc.ca/news/science/steve-jobs-chose-herbal-medicine-delayed-cancer-surgery-1.1124855">Archived</a> from the original on October 23, 2022. Retrieved October 23, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Steve+Jobs+chose+herbal+medicine%2C+delayed+cancer+surgery&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fscience%2Fsteve-jobs-chose-herbal-medicine-delayed-cancer-surgery-1.1124855&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-181"><a href="#cite_ref-181">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120119112514/http://www.mayoclinic.org/pancreatic-cancer/treatment.html">"Pancreatic Cancer Treatment"</a>. Mayo Clinic. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mayoclinic.org/pancreatic-cancer/treatment.html">the original</a> on January 19, 2012. Retrieved April 19, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pancreatic+Cancer+Treatment&rft.pub=Mayo+Clinic&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mayoclinic.org%2Fpancreatic-cancer%2Ftreatment.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-182"><a href="#cite_ref-182">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarkoff2008" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Markoff" title="John Markoff">Markoff, John</a> (July 23, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/23/technology/23apple.html">"Talk of Chief's Health Weighs on Apple's Share Price"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170318112140/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/23/technology/23apple.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 18, 2017. Retrieved February 18, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Talk+of+Chief%27s+Health+Weighs+on+Apple%27s+Share+Price&rft.date=2008-07-23&rft.aulast=Markoff&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2008%2F07%2F23%2Ftechnology%2F23apple.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Elmer-183">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Elmer_183-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Elmer_183-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElmer2008" class="citation web cs1">Elmer, Philip (June 13, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090611174254/http://apple20.blogs.fortune.cnn.com/2008/06/13/steve-jobs-life-after-the-whipple/">"Steve Jobs and Whipple"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Fortune_(magazine)" title="Fortune (magazine)">Fortune</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://apple20.blogs.fortune.cnn.com/2008/06/13/steve-jobs-life-after-the-whipple">the original</a> on June 11, 2009. Retrieved April 19, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fortune&rft.atitle=Steve+Jobs+and+Whipple&rft.date=2008-06-13&rft.aulast=Elmer&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fapple20.blogs.fortune.cnn.com%2F2008%2F06%2F13%2Fsteve-jobs-life-after-the-whipple&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-184"><a href="#cite_ref-184">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKahney2006" class="citation news cs1">Kahney, Leander (August 8, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120112103328/http://www.wired.com/gadgets/mac/commentary/cultofmac/2006/08/71557">"Has Steve Jobs Lost His Magic?"</a>. Cult of Mac. Wired News. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wired.com/gadgets/mac/commentary/cultofmac/2006/08/71557">the original</a> on January 12, 2012. Retrieved August 8, 2006. <q>Looking very thin, almost gaunt, Jobs used the 90-minute presentation to introduce a new desktop Mac and preview the next version of Apple's operating system, code-named Leopard.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wired+News&rft.atitle=Has+Steve+Jobs+Lost+His+Magic%3F&rft.date=2006-08-08&rft.aulast=Kahney&rft.aufirst=Leander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wired.com%2Fgadgets%2Fmac%2Fcommentary%2Fcultofmac%2F2006%2F08%2F71557&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-185"><a href="#cite_ref-185">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeyers" class="citation news cs1">Meyers, Michelle. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.news.com/8301-10784_3-6103427-7.html">"Jobs speech wasn't very Jobs-like"</a>. BLOGMA. <a href="/wiki/CNET" title="CNET">CNET News.com</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071225122659/http://www.news.com/8301-10784_3-6103427-7.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 25, 2007. Retrieved August 8, 2006. <q>[The audience was] uninspired (and concerned) by Jobs's relatively listless delivery</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BLOGMA&rft.atitle=Jobs+speech+wasn%27t+very+Jobs-like&rft.aulast=Meyers&rft.aufirst=Michelle&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.news.com%2F8301-10784_3-6103427-7.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-186"><a href="#cite_ref-186">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSaracevic2006" class="citation news cs1">Saracevic, Al (August 9, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2006/08/09/BUGTEKDE6M1.DTL">"Where's Jobs' Mojo?"</a>. San Francisco Chronicle. p. C1. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120128025340/http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=%2Fc%2Fa%2F2006%2F08%2F09%2FBUGTEKDE6M1.DTL">Archived</a> from the original on January 28, 2012. Retrieved August 9, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=San+Francisco+Chronicle&rft.atitle=Where%27s+Jobs%27+Mojo%3F&rft.pages=C1&rft.date=2006-08-09&rft.aulast=Saracevic&rft.aufirst=Al&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfgate.com%2Fcgi-bin%2Farticle.cgi%3Ff%3D%2Fc%2Fa%2F2006%2F08%2F09%2FBUGTEKDE6M1.DTL&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-187"><a href="#cite_ref-187">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCheng2006" class="citation web cs1">Cheng, Jacqui (August 8, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arstechnica.com/journals/apple.ars/2006/8/8/4913">"What happened to The Steve we know and love?"</a>. Ars Technica. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090122231129/http://arstechnica.com/journals/apple.ars/2006/8/8/4913">Archived</a> from the original on January 22, 2009. Retrieved August 8, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ars+Technica&rft.atitle=What+happened+to+The+Steve+we+know+and+love%3F&rft.date=2006-08-08&rft.aulast=Cheng&rft.aufirst=Jacqui&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farstechnica.com%2Fjournals%2Fapple.ars%2F2006%2F8%2F8%2F4913&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-188"><a href="#cite_ref-188">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClaburn2006" class="citation news cs1">Claburn, Thomas (August 11, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120124181841/http://www.informationweek.com/blog/main/archives/2006/08/steve_jobs_live.html">"Steve Jobs Lives!"</a>. <a href="/wiki/InformationWeek" title="InformationWeek">InformationWeek</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.informationweek.com/blog/main/archives/2006/08/steve_jobs_live.html">the original</a> on January 24, 2012. Retrieved October 9, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=InformationWeek&rft.atitle=Steve+Jobs+Lives%21&rft.date=2006-08-11&rft.aulast=Claburn&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.informationweek.com%2Fblog%2Fmain%2Farchives%2F2006%2F08%2Fsteve_jobs_live.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-189"><a href="#cite_ref-189">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blogs.wsj.com/biztech/2008/06/10/steve-jobss-appearance-grabs-notice-not-just-the-iphone">"Business Technology: Steve Jobs's Appearance Grabs Notice, Not Just the IPhone"</a>. The Wall Street Journal. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090426005729/https://blogs.wsj.com/biztech/2008/06/10/steve-jobss-appearance-grabs-notice-not-just-the-iphone/">Archived</a> from the original on April 26, 2009. Retrieved April 19, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Business+Technology%3A+Steve+Jobs%27s+Appearance+Grabs+Notice%2C+Not+Just+the+IPhone&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblogs.wsj.com%2Fbiztech%2F2008%2F06%2F10%2Fsteve-jobss-appearance-grabs-notice-not-just-the-iphone&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-190"><a href="#cite_ref-190">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.appleinsider.com/articles/08/06/10/apple_says_steve_jobs_feeling_a_little_under_the_weather_recently.html">"Apple says Steve Jobs feeling a little under the weather"</a>. June 10, 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140410024151/http://appleinsider.com/articles/08/06/10/apple_says_steve_jobs_feeling_a_little_under_the_weather_recently.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 10, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Apple+says+Steve+Jobs+feeling+a+little+under+the+weather&rft.date=2008-06-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.appleinsider.com%2Farticles%2F08%2F06%2F10%2Fapple_says_steve_jobs_feeling_a_little_under_the_weather_recently.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> in <a href="/wiki/AppleInsider" class="mw-redirect" title="AppleInsider">AppleInsider</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-191"><a href="#cite_ref-191">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140410023057/http://blog.marketingdoctor.tv/2008/07/24/brand-advisory.aspx">"Steve Jobs and Apple"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blog.marketingdoctor.tv/2008/07/24/brand-advisory.aspx">the original</a> on April 10, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Steve+Jobs+and+Apple&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblog.marketingdoctor.tv%2F2008%2F07%2F24%2Fbrand-advisory.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> Marketing Doctor Blog. July 24, 2008. </li> <li id="cite_note-192"><a href="#cite_ref-192">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.medpagetoday.com/Blogs/24484">"Steve Jobs Did Not Have 'Pancreatic Cancer'"</a>. Medpagetoday.com. January 24, 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120120184750/http://www.medpagetoday.com/Blogs/24484">Archived</a> from the original on January 20, 2012. Retrieved November 12, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Steve+Jobs+Did+Not+Have+%27Pancreatic+Cancer%27&rft.pub=Medpagetoday.com&rft.date=2011-01-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.medpagetoday.com%2FBlogs%2F24484&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-193"><a href="#cite_ref-193">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNocera2008" class="citation news cs1">Nocera, Joe (July 26, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/26/business/26nocera.html">"Apple's Culture of Secrecy"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170305121723/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/26/business/26nocera.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 5, 2017. Retrieved February 18, 2017. <q>While his health problems amounted to a good deal more than 'a common bug,' they weren't life-threatening and he doesn't have a recurrence of cancer.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Apple%27s+Culture+of+Secrecy&rft.date=2008-07-26&rft.aulast=Nocera&rft.aufirst=Joe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2008%2F07%2F26%2Fbusiness%2F26nocera.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-194"><a href="#cite_ref-194">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTate2008" class="citation cs2">Tate, Ryan (August 27, 2008), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221119061256/https://www.gawker.com/5042795/steve-jobss-obituary-as-run-by-bloomberg">"Steve Jobs's Obituary, As Run By Bloomberg"</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gawker" title="Gawker">Gawker</a>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gawker.com/5042795/steve-jobss-obituary-as-run-by-bloomberg">the original</a> on November 19, 2022, retrieved October 11, 2022</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gawker&rft.atitle=Steve+Jobs%27s+Obituary%2C+As+Run+By+Bloomberg&rft.date=2008-08-27&rft.aulast=Tate&rft.aufirst=Ryan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gawker.com%2F5042795%2Fsteve-jobss-obituary-as-run-by-bloomberg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-195"><a href="#cite_ref-195">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080831061122/http://blogs.zdnet.com/BTL/?p=9825">"Bloomberg publishes Jobs obit but why?"</a>. Zdnet Blogs. <a href="/wiki/ZDnet" class="mw-redirect" title="ZDnet">ZDnet</a>. August 28, 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blogs.zdnet.com/BTL/?p=9825">the original</a> on August 31, 2008. Retrieved August 29, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Zdnet+Blogs&rft.atitle=Bloomberg+publishes+Jobs+obit+but+why%3F&rft.date=2008-08-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblogs.zdnet.com%2FBTL%2F%3Fp%3D9825&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-196"><a href="#cite_ref-196">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMikkelson2007" class="citation web cs1">Mikkelson, Barbara (September 26, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.snopes.com/quotes/twain.asp">"And Never The Twain Shall Tweet"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Snopes.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Snopes.com">Snopes.com</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211108063151/http://www.snopes.com/quotes/twain.asp">Archived</a> from the original on November 8, 2021. Retrieved November 2, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Snopes.com&rft.atitle=And+Never+The+Twain+Shall+Tweet&rft.date=2007-09-26&rft.aulast=Mikkelson&rft.aufirst=Barbara&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.snopes.com%2Fquotes%2Ftwain.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-197"><a href="#cite_ref-197">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.macworld.com/article/135466/2008/09/september.html">"Apple posts 'Lets Rock' event video"</a>. Macworld. September 10, 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120105232227/http://www.macworld.com/article/135466/2008/09/september.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 5, 2012. Retrieved September 11, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Macworld&rft.atitle=Apple+posts+%27Lets+Rock%27+event+video&rft.date=2008-09-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.macworld.com%2Farticle%2F135466%2F2008%2F09%2Fseptember.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-198"><a href="#cite_ref-198">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.engadget.com/2008/10/14/live-from-apples-spotlight-turns-to-notebooks-event">"Live from Apple's "spotlight turns to notebooks" event"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Engadget" title="Engadget">Engadget</a>. October 14, 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120416025854/http://www.engadget.com/2008/10/14/live-from-apples-spotlight-turns-to-notebooks-event">Archived</a> from the original on April 16, 2012. Retrieved October 14, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Live+from+Apple%27s+%22spotlight+turns+to+notebooks%22+event&rft.pub=Engadget&rft.date=2008-10-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.engadget.com%2F2008%2F10%2F14%2Flive-from-apples-spotlight-turns-to-notebooks-event&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-199"><a href="#cite_ref-199">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStone2008" class="citation news cs1">Stone, Brad (December 17, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/17/technology/companies/17apple.html">"Apple's Chief to Skip Macworld, Fueling Speculation"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111206123447/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/17/technology/companies/17apple.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 6, 2011. Retrieved May 24, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Apple%27s+Chief+to+Skip+Macworld%2C+Fueling+Speculation&rft.date=2008-12-17&rft.aulast=Stone&rft.aufirst=Brad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2008%2F12%2F17%2Ftechnology%2Fcompanies%2F17apple.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-200"><a href="#cite_ref-200">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gizmodo.com/5120687/steve-jobs-health-declining-rapidly-reason-for-macworld-cancellation">"Steve Jobs' Health Declining Rapidly, Reason for Macworld Cancellation"</a>. Gizmodo. December 30, 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121022121534/http://gizmodo.com/5120687/steve-jobs-health-declining-rapidly-reason-for-macworld-cancellation">Archived</a> from the original on October 22, 2012. Retrieved April 19, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gizmodo&rft.atitle=Steve+Jobs%27+Health+Declining+Rapidly%2C+Reason+for+Macworld+Cancellation&rft.date=2008-12-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgizmodo.com%2F5120687%2Fsteve-jobs-health-declining-rapidly-reason-for-macworld-cancellation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-201"><a href="#cite_ref-201">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/7811857.stm">"Apple's Jobs admits poor health"</a>. BBC News. January 5, 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110825135148/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/7811857.stm">Archived</a> from the original on August 25, 2011. Retrieved January 5, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Apple%27s+Jobs+admits+poor+health&rft.date=2009-01-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Ftechnology%2F7811857.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-202"><a href="#cite_ref-202">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJobs2009" class="citation pressrelease cs1">Jobs, Steve (January 5, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2009/01/05Letter-from-Apple-CEO-Steve-Jobs/">"Letter from Apple CEO Steve Jobs"</a> (Press release). <a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple Inc.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110623060405/http://www.apple.com/pr/library/2009/01/05sjletter.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 23, 2011. Retrieved December 2, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Letter+from+Apple+CEO+Steve+Jobs&rft.pub=Apple+Inc.&rft.date=2009-01-05&rft.aulast=Jobs&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.apple.com%2Fnewsroom%2F2009%2F01%2F05Letter-from-Apple-CEO-Steve-Jobs%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-absence-203">^ <a href="#cite_ref-absence_203-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-absence_203-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2009/01/14Apple-Media-Advisory/">"Apple Media Advisory"</a> (Press release). <a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple Inc.</a> January 14, 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110521105449/http://www.apple.com/pr/library/2009/01/14advisory.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 21, 2011. Retrieved December 2, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Apple+Media+Advisory&rft.pub=Apple+Inc.&rft.date=2009-01-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.apple.com%2Fnewsroom%2F2009%2F01%2F14Apple-Media-Advisory%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-204"><a href="#cite_ref-204">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theregister.co.uk/2015/03/13/tim_cook_tried_to_foist_his_liver_on_steve_jobs/">"I BEG YOU, mighty Jobs, TAKE MY LIVER, Cook told Apple's dying co-founder"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Register" title="The Register">The Register</a>. March 13, 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170816154815/http://www.theregister.co.uk/2015/03/13/tim_cook_tried_to_foist_his_liver_on_steve_jobs">Archived</a> from the original on August 16, 2017. Retrieved August 22, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Register&rft.atitle=I+BEG+YOU%2C+mighty+Jobs%2C+TAKE+MY+LIVER%2C+Cook+told+Apple%27s+dying+co-founder&rft.date=2015-03-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theregister.co.uk%2F2015%2F03%2F13%2Ftim_cook_tried_to_foist_his_liver_on_steve_jobs%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-cnntrans-205">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cnntrans_205-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cnntrans_205-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/2009/US/06/23/steve.jobs.liver.transplant/index.html">"Steve Jobs recovering after liver transplant"</a>. CNN. June 23, 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140331181334/http://www.cnn.com/2009/US/06/23/steve.jobs.liver.transplant/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 31, 2014. Retrieved April 19, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Steve+Jobs+recovering+after+liver+transplant&rft.date=2009-06-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2009%2FUS%2F06%2F23%2Fsteve.jobs.liver.transplant%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-206"><a href="#cite_ref-206">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.celebritydiagnosis.com/2009/06/steve-jobs-liver-transplant-performed-at-memphis-hospital-was-sickest-patient-on-waiting-list/">"Liver Transplant in Memphis: Jobs' was Sickest Patient on Waiting List"</a>. Celebrity Diagnosis. June 24, 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120626230257/http://www.celebritydiagnosis.com/2009/06/steve-jobs-liver-transplant-performed-at-memphis-hospital-was-sickest-patient-on-waiting-list/">Archived</a> from the original on June 26, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Liver+Transplant+in+Memphis%3A+Jobs%27+was+Sickest+Patient+on+Waiting+List&rft.pub=Celebrity+Diagnosis&rft.date=2009-06-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.celebritydiagnosis.com%2F2009%2F06%2Fsteve-jobs-liver-transplant-performed-at-memphis-hospital-was-sickest-patient-on-waiting-list%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-207"><a href="#cite_ref-207">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGradyMeier2009" class="citation news cs1">Grady, Denise; Meier, Barry (June 22, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2009/06/23/business/23liver.html">"A Transplant That Is Raising Many Questions"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170422144517/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/06/23/business/23liver.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 22, 2017. Retrieved February 18, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=A+Transplant+That+Is+Raising+Many+Questions&rft.date=2009-06-22&rft.aulast=Grady&rft.aufirst=Denise&rft.au=Meier%2C+Barry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2009%2F06%2F23%2Fbusiness%2F23liver.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-208"><a href="#cite_ref-208">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHelft2010" class="citation news cs1">Helft, Miguel (January 17, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/18/technology/18apple.html">"Apple Says Steve Jobs Will Take a New Medical Leave"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170318130535/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/18/technology/18apple.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 18, 2017. Retrieved January 17, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Apple+Says+Steve+Jobs+Will+Take+a+New+Medical+Leave&rft.date=2010-01-17&rft.aulast=Helft&rft.aufirst=Miguel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2011%2F01%2F18%2Ftechnology%2F18apple.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-209"><a href="#cite_ref-209">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.appleinsider.com/articles/11/01/17/steve_jobs_to_take_medical_leave_of_absence_but_remain_apple_ceo.html">"Steve Jobs to take medical leave of absence but remain Apple CEO"</a>. January 17, 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120124100159/http://www.appleinsider.com/articles/11/01/17/steve_jobs_to_take_medical_leave_of_absence_but_remain_apple_ceo.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 24, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Steve+Jobs+to+take+medical+leave+of+absence+but+remain+Apple+CEO&rft.date=2011-01-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.appleinsider.com%2Farticles%2F11%2F01%2F17%2Fsteve_jobs_to_take_medical_leave_of_absence_but_remain_apple_ceo.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-210"><a href="#cite_ref-210">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbell2011" class="citation news cs1">Abell, John (June 8, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wired.com/epicenter/2011/06/cupertino-jobs-ufo-building/">"Video: Jobs Pitches New 'Mothership' to Approving Cupertino City Council"</a>. Wired. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120114122458/http://www.wired.com/epicenter/2011/06/cupertino-jobs-ufo-building">Archived</a> from the original on January 14, 2012. Retrieved June 9, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wired&rft.atitle=Video%3A+Jobs+Pitches+New+%27Mothership%27+to+Approving+Cupertino+City+Council&rft.date=2011-06-08&rft.aulast=Abell&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wired.com%2Fepicenter%2F2011%2F06%2Fcupertino-jobs-ufo-building%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-211"><a href="#cite_ref-211">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2011/08/24Letter-from-Steve-Jobs/">Letter from Steve Jobs To the Apple Board of Directors and the Apple Community</a> (resignation letter August 24, 2011) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120414182812/http://www.apple.com/pr/library/2011/08/24Letter-from-Steve-Jobs.html">Archived</a> April 14, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-212"><a href="#cite_ref-212">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.apple.com/pr/library/2011/08/24Letter-from-Steve-Jobs.html">"Apple Resignation Letter"</a> (Press release). Apple Inc. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120414182812/http://www.apple.com/pr/library/2011/08/24Letter-from-Steve-Jobs.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 14, 2012. Retrieved August 29, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Apple+Resignation+Letter&rft.pub=Apple+Inc.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.apple.com%2Fpr%2Flibrary%2F2011%2F08%2F24Letter-from-Steve-Jobs.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-213"><a href="#cite_ref-213">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.apple.com/pr/library/2011/08/24Steve-Jobs-Resigns-as-CEO-of-Apple.html">"Steve Jobs Resigns as CEO of Apple"</a> (Press release). Apple Inc. August 24, 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120414182910/http://www.apple.com/pr/library/2011/08/24Steve-Jobs-Resigns-as-CEO-of-Apple.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 14, 2012. Retrieved August 24, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Steve+Jobs+Resigns+as+CEO+of+Apple&rft.pub=Apple+Inc.&rft.date=2011-08-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.apple.com%2Fpr%2Flibrary%2F2011%2F08%2F24Steve-Jobs-Resigns-as-CEO-of-Apple.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-214"><a href="#cite_ref-214">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBiddle,_Sam2011" class="citation web cs1">Biddle, Sam (October 19, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gizmodo.com/5851475/steve-jobs-worked-the-day-before-he-died">"Steve Jobs Worked the Day Before He Died"</a>. Gizmodo. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120615134508/http://gizmodo.com/5851475/steve-jobs-worked-the-day-before-he-died">Archived</a> from the original on June 15, 2012. Retrieved October 21, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gizmodo&rft.atitle=Steve+Jobs+Worked+the+Day+Before+He+Died&rft.date=2011-10-19&rft.au=Biddle%2C+Sam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgizmodo.com%2F5851475%2Fsteve-jobs-worked-the-day-before-he-died&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-215"><a href="#cite_ref-215">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGupta2011" class="citation news cs1">Gupta, Poornima (August 18, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-apple-idUSTRE77N82K20110824">"Steve Jobs Quits"</a>. Reuters. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120201021212/http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/08/24/us-apple-idUSTRE77N82K20110824">Archived</a> from the original on February 1, 2012. Retrieved August 25, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Steve+Jobs+Quits&rft.date=2011-08-18&rft.aulast=Gupta&rft.aufirst=Poornima&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-apple-idUSTRE77N82K20110824&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-216"><a href="#cite_ref-216">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSiegler,_M.G.2011" class="citation web cs1">Siegler, M.G. (August 24, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://techcrunch.com/2011/08/24/steve-jobs-resigns-from-apple">"Steve Jobs Resigns As CEO of Apple"</a>. TechCrunch. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110824235408/http://techcrunch.com/2011/08/24/steve-jobs-resigns-from-apple/">Archived</a> from the original on August 24, 2011. Retrieved August 25, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TechCrunch&rft.atitle=Steve+Jobs+Resigns+As+CEO+of+Apple&rft.date=2011-08-24&rft.au=Siegler%2C+M.G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftechcrunch.com%2F2011%2F08%2F24%2Fsteve-jobs-resigns-from-apple&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-217"><a href="#cite_ref-217">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.voanews.com/english/news/Rare-Pancreatic-Cancer-Caused-Steve-Jobs-Death--131317684.html">"Rare Pancreatic Cancer Caused Steve Jobs' Death"</a> (Press release). Voice of America. October 7, 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120124162555/http://www.voanews.com/english/news/Rare-Pancreatic-Cancer-Caused-Steve-Jobs-Death--131317684.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 24, 2012. Retrieved October 7, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rare+Pancreatic+Cancer+Caused+Steve+Jobs%27+Death&rft.pub=Voice+of+America&rft.date=2011-10-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.voanews.com%2Fenglish%2Fnews%2FRare-Pancreatic-Cancer-Caused-Steve-Jobs-Death--131317684.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-218"><a href="#cite_ref-218">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRushe2011" class="citation news cs1">Rushe, Dominic (October 6, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2011/oct/06/steve-jobs-apple-cofounder-dies">"Steve Jobs, Apple co-founder, dies at 56"</a>. The Guardian. UK. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130619055912/http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2011/oct/06/steve-jobs-apple-cofounder-dies">Archived</a> from the original on June 19, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Steve+Jobs%2C+Apple+co-founder%2C+dies+at+56&rft.date=2011-10-06&rft.aulast=Rushe&rft.aufirst=Dominic&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ftechnology%2F2011%2Foct%2F06%2Fsteve-jobs-apple-cofounder-dies&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-219"><a href="#cite_ref-219">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGullo2011" class="citation news cs1">Gullo, Karen (October 10, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111230064410/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-10-10/jobs-died-at-home-of-respiratory-arrest-tied-to-cancer-1-.html">"Steve Jobs Died at Home of Respiratory Arrest Related to Pancreatic Cancer"</a>. Bloomberg L.P. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-10-10/jobs-died-at-home-of-respiratory-arrest-tied-to-cancer-1-.html">the original</a> on December 30, 2011. Retrieved February 10, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg+L.P.&rft.atitle=Steve+Jobs+Died+at+Home+of+Respiratory+Arrest+Related+to+Pancreatic+Cancer&rft.date=2011-10-10&rft.aulast=Gullo&rft.aufirst=Karen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2F2011-10-10%2Fjobs-died-at-home-of-respiratory-arrest-tied-to-cancer-1-.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-eulogy-220">^ <a href="#cite_ref-eulogy_220-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-eulogy_220-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-eulogy_220-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-eulogy_220-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSimpson2011" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mona_Simpson" title="Mona Simpson">Simpson, Mona</a> (October 30, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/30/opinion/mona-simpsons-eulogy-for-steve-jobs.html">"A Sister's Eulogy for Steve Jobs"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120905/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/30/opinion/mona-simpsons-eulogy-for-steve-jobs.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 5, 2012. Retrieved October 30, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=A+Sister%27s+Eulogy+for+Steve+Jobs&rft.date=2011-10-30&rft.aulast=Simpson&rft.aufirst=Mona&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2011%2F10%2F30%2Fopinion%2Fmona-simpsons-eulogy-for-steve-jobs.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-221"><a href="#cite_ref-221">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSherrFowler2011" class="citation news cs1">Sherr, Ian; Fowler, Geoffrey A. (October 7, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052970203388804576617200082218020">"Steve Jobs Funeral Is Friday"</a>. The Wall Street Journal. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130813050332/http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052970203388804576617200082218020.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 13, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Steve+Jobs+Funeral+Is+Friday&rft.date=2011-10-07&rft.aulast=Sherr&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft.au=Fowler%2C+Geoffrey+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2FSB10001424052970203388804576617200082218020&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-222"><a href="#cite_ref-222">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCook2011" class="citation pressrelease cs1">Cook, Tim (October 5, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120428081449/http://www.apple.com/pr/library/2011/10/05Statement-by-Apples-Board-of-Directors.html">"Statement by Apple's Board of Directors"</a> (Press release). Apple Inc. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2011/10/05Statement-by-Apples-Board-of-Directors/">the original</a> on April 28, 2012. Retrieved December 2, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Statement+by+Apple%27s+Board+of+Directors&rft.pub=Apple+Inc.&rft.date=2011-10-05&rft.aulast=Cook&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.apple.com%2Fnewsroom%2F2011%2F10%2F05Statement-by-Apples-Board-of-Directors%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-223"><a href="#cite_ref-223">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120608020423/http://www.pixar.com/stevejobs.html">"Pixar Animation Studios"</a>. Pixar. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pixar.com/stevejobs.html">the original</a> on June 8, 2012. Retrieved April 18, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pixar+Animation+Studios&rft.pub=Pixar&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pixar.com%2Fstevejobs.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-224"><a href="#cite_ref-224">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.apple.com/stevejobs">"Remembering Steve Jobs"</a>. Apple Inc. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120616034401/http://www.apple.com/stevejobs/">Archived</a> from the original on June 16, 2012. Retrieved October 10, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Remembering+Steve+Jobs&rft.pub=Apple+Inc.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.apple.com%2Fstevejobs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-225"><a href="#cite_ref-225">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130813105321/http://www.fox23.com/news/local/story/Apple-flies-flags-at-half-staff-for-Steve-Jobs/9F9t6Xb5z0iPKxHtnEzEuA.cspx">"Apple flies flags at half staff for Steve Jobs"</a>. <a href="/wiki/KOKI-TV" title="KOKI-TV">KOKI-TV</a>. October 6, 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fox23.com/news/local/story/Apple-flies-flags-at-half-staff-for-Steve-Jobs/9F9t6Xb5z0iPKxHtnEzEuA.cspx">the original</a> on August 13, 2013. Retrieved October 29, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=KOKI-TV&rft.atitle=Apple+flies+flags+at+half+staff+for+Steve+Jobs&rft.date=2011-10-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fox23.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fstory%2FApple-flies-flags-at-half-staff-for-Steve-Jobs%2F9F9t6Xb5z0iPKxHtnEzEuA.cspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-226"><a href="#cite_ref-226">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.networkworld.com/community/blog/microsoft-flies-flags-half-staff-in-tribute-to-jobs">"Microsoft lowers flags to half staff in tribute to Steve Jobs"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Network_World" class="mw-redirect" title="Network World">Network World</a>. October 6, 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131109013115/http://www.networkworld.com/community/blog/microsoft-flies-flags-half-staff-in-tribute-to-jobs">Archived</a> from the original on November 9, 2013. Retrieved October 29, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Network+World&rft.atitle=Microsoft+lowers+flags+to+half+staff+in+tribute+to+Steve+Jobs&rft.date=2011-10-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.networkworld.com%2Fcommunity%2Fblog%2Fmicrosoft-flies-flags-half-staff-in-tribute-to-jobs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-227"><a href="#cite_ref-227">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111213172342/http://www.baynews9.com/article/news/2011/october/325041/Disney-World-flags-at-halfstaff-in-memory-of-Steve-Jobs">"Disney World flags at half-staff in memory of Steve Jobs"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bay_News_9" title="Bay News 9">Bay News 9</a>. October 6, 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.baynews9.com/article/news/2011/october/325041/Disney-World-flags-at-halfstaff-in-memory-of-Steve-Jobs">the original</a> on December 13, 2011. Retrieved October 29, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bay+News+9&rft.atitle=Disney+World+flags+at+half-staff+in+memory+of+Steve+Jobs&rft.date=2011-10-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.baynews9.com%2Farticle%2Fnews%2F2011%2Foctober%2F325041%2FDisney-World-flags-at-halfstaff-in-memory-of-Steve-Jobs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-228"><a href="#cite_ref-228">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPepitone2011" class="citation news cs1">Pepitone, Julianne (October 6, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://money.cnn.com/galleries/2011/technology/1110/gallery.steve_jobs_homepage_tributes/index.html">"Steve Jobs: The homepage tributes"</a>. CNN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120609225235/http://money.cnn.com/galleries/2011/technology/1110/gallery.steve_jobs_homepage_tributes/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 9, 2012. Retrieved January 10, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Steve+Jobs%3A+The+homepage+tributes&rft.date=2011-10-06&rft.aulast=Pepitone&rft.aufirst=Julianne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmoney.cnn.com%2Fgalleries%2F2011%2Ftechnology%2F1110%2Fgallery.steve_jobs_homepage_tributes%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-229"><a href="#cite_ref-229">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120403102753/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/us/Apple-website-pays-tribute-to-Steve-Jobs/articleshow/10251979.cms">"Apple website pays tribute to Steve Jobs"</a>. The Times of India. India. October 5, 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/us/Apple-website-pays-tribute-to-Steve-Jobs/articleshow/10251979.cms">the original</a> on April 3, 2012. Retrieved October 7, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Apple+website+pays+tribute+to+Steve+Jobs&rft.date=2011-10-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fworld%2Fus%2FApple-website-pays-tribute-to-Steve-Jobs%2Farticleshow%2F10251979.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-230"><a href="#cite_ref-230">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.apple.com/stevejobs">"Remembering Steve Jobs"</a>. Apple Inc. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120616034401/http://www.apple.com/stevejobs/">Archived</a> from the original on June 16, 2012. Retrieved October 6, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Remembering+Steve+Jobs&rft.pub=Apple+Inc.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.apple.com%2Fstevejobs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-231"><a href="#cite_ref-231">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131229060335/http://events.apple.com.edgesuite.net/10oiuhfvojb23/event/index.html">"A Celebration of Steve's Life"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://events.apple.com.edgesuite.net/10oiuhfvojb23/event/index.html">the original</a> on December 29, 2013. Retrieved October 26, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Celebration+of+Steve%27s+Life&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fevents.apple.com.edgesuite.net%2F10oiuhfvojb23%2Fevent%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-232"><a href="#cite_ref-232">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFernandez2011" class="citation news cs1">Fernandez, Sofia M. (October 14, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/steve-jobs-memorial-apple-jerry-brown-248866">"Private Steve Jobs Memorial Set for Oct. 16 – The Hollywood Reporter"</a>. The Hollywood Reporter. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131231084758/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/steve-jobs-memorial-apple-jerry-brown-248866">Archived</a> from the original on December 31, 2013. Retrieved November 12, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hollywood+Reporter&rft.atitle=Private+Steve+Jobs+Memorial+Set+for+Oct.+16+%E2%80%93+The+Hollywood+Reporter&rft.date=2011-10-14&rft.aulast=Fernandez&rft.aufirst=Sofia+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hollywoodreporter.com%2Fnews%2Fsteve-jobs-memorial-apple-jerry-brown-248866&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-233"><a href="#cite_ref-233">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052970204002304576631531431248662">"Steve Jobs Memorial Service To Be Held Oct. 16"</a>. The Wall Street Journal. October 15, 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130813052402/http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052970204002304576631531431248662.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 13, 2013. Retrieved November 12, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Steve+Jobs+Memorial+Service+To+Be+Held+Oct.+16&rft.date=2011-10-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2FSB10001424052970204002304576631531431248662&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-234"><a href="#cite_ref-234">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVascellaro2011" class="citation news cs1">Vascellaro, Jessica E. (October 17, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blogs.wsj.com/digits/2011/10/17/steve-jobs%E2%80%99s-family-gave-moving-words-at-sunday-memorial/">"Steve Jobs's Family Gave Moving Words at Sunday Memorial – Digits – WSJ"</a>. The Wall Street Journal. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140410022201/https://blogs.wsj.com/digits/2011/10/17/steve-jobs%E2%80%99s-family-gave-moving-words-at-sunday-memorial/">Archived</a> from the original on April 10, 2014. Retrieved November 12, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Steve+Jobs%27s+Family+Gave+Moving+Words+at+Sunday+Memorial+%E2%80%93+Digits+%E2%80%93+WSJ&rft.date=2011-10-17&rft.aulast=Vascellaro&rft.aufirst=Jessica+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblogs.wsj.com%2Fdigits%2F2011%2F10%2F17%2Fsteve-jobs%25E2%2580%2599s-family-gave-moving-words-at-sunday-memorial%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-235"><a href="#cite_ref-235">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWadhwa2015" class="citation magazine cs1">Wadhwa, Hitendra (June 21, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.inc.com/hitendra-wadhwa/steve-jobs-self-realization-yogananda.html">"Steve Jobs's Secret to Greatness: Yogananda"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Inc._(magazine)" title="Inc. (magazine)">Inc.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150622231805/http://www.inc.com/hitendra-wadhwa/steve-jobs-self-realization-yogananda.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 22, 2015. Retrieved June 23, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Inc.&rft.atitle=Steve+Jobs%27s+Secret+to+Greatness%3A+Yogananda&rft.date=2015-06-21&rft.aulast=Wadhwa&rft.aufirst=Hitendra&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.inc.com%2Fhitendra-wadhwa%2Fsteve-jobs-self-realization-yogananda.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-236"><a href="#cite_ref-236">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dK_XEGrzHUo">Wozniak Tearfully Remembers His Friend Steve Jobs</a>. YouTube. October 6, 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211219/dK_XEGrzHUo">Archived</a> from the original on December 19, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Wozniak+Tearfully+Remembers+His+Friend+Steve+Jobs&rft.date=2011-10-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DdK_XEGrzHUo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-237"><a href="#cite_ref-237">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSellers2011" class="citation news cs1">Sellers, Patricia (October 6, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120307091948/http://postcards.blogs.fortune.cnn.com/2011/10/06/george-lucas-steve-jobs/">"George Lucas on Steve Jobs"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Fortune_(magazine)" title="Fortune (magazine)">Fortune</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://postcards.blogs.fortune.cnn.com/2011/10/06/george-lucas-steve-jobs">the original</a> on March 7, 2012. Retrieved October 6, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fortune&rft.atitle=George+Lucas+on+Steve+Jobs&rft.date=2011-10-06&rft.aulast=Sellers&rft.aufirst=Patricia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpostcards.blogs.fortune.cnn.com%2F2011%2F10%2F06%2Fgeorge-lucas-steve-jobs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-238"><a href="#cite_ref-238">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gatesnotes.com/about-bill-gates/steve-jobs">"Remembering Steve Jobs"</a>. gatesnotes.com. October 6, 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220516122314/https://www.gatesnotes.com/About-Bill-Gates/Steve-Jobs">Archived</a> from the original on May 16, 2022. Retrieved June 9, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Remembering+Steve+Jobs&rft.pub=gatesnotes.com&rft.date=2011-10-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gatesnotes.com%2Fabout-bill-gates%2Fsteve-jobs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-239"><a href="#cite_ref-239">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2011/10/05/statement-president-passing-steve-jobs">"Statement by the President on the Passing of Steve Jobs"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Whitehouse.gov" title="Whitehouse.gov">whitehouse.gov</a> (Press release). October 5, 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210210172203/https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2011/10/05/statement-president-passing-steve-jobs">Archived</a> from the original on February 10, 2021 – via <a href="/wiki/NARA" class="mw-redirect" title="NARA">National Archives</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Statement+by+the+President+on+the+Passing+of+Steve+Jobs&rft.date=2011-10-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fobamawhitehouse.archives.gov%2Fthe-press-office%2F2011%2F10%2F05%2Fstatement-president-passing-steve-jobs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-240"><a href="#cite_ref-240">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/blogs/technology/2011/10/steve-jobs-died-of-respiratory-arrest-amid-pancreatic-tumor/">"Steve Jobs Died of Respiratory Arrest Amid Pancreatic Tumor"</a>. ABC News. October 10, 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120122060516/http://abcnews.go.com/blogs/technology/2011/10/steve-jobs-died-of-respiratory-arrest-amid-pancreatic-tumor/">Archived</a> from the original on January 22, 2012. Retrieved November 12, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=Steve+Jobs+Died+of+Respiratory+Arrest+Amid+Pancreatic+Tumor&rft.date=2011-10-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2Fblogs%2Ftechnology%2F2011%2F10%2Fsteve-jobs-died-of-respiratory-arrest-amid-pancreatic-tumor%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-241"><a href="#cite_ref-241">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGupta2011" class="citation news cs1">Gupta, Poornima (October 10, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-apple-jobs-idUSTRE79969E20111011">"Steve Jobs died of respiratory arrest, tumor"</a>. Reuters. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140410020239/https://www.reuters.com/article/2011/10/11/us-apple-jobs-idUSTRE79969E20111011">Archived</a> from the original on April 10, 2014. Retrieved September 21, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Steve+Jobs+died+of+respiratory+arrest%2C+tumor&rft.date=2011-10-10&rft.aulast=Gupta&rft.aufirst=Poornima&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-apple-jobs-idUSTRE79969E20111011&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Hindu-2011-242">^ <a href="#cite_ref-The_Hindu-2011_242-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_Hindu-2011_242-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehindu.com/news/article2567088.ece?homepage=true">"Steve Jobs' autobiography: a chronicle of a complex genius"</a>. The Hindu. Chennai, India. October 24, 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131109011852/http://www.thehindu.com/news/article2567088.ece?homepage=true">Archived</a> from the original on November 9, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Steve+Jobs%27+autobiography%3A+a+chronicle+of+a+complex+genius&rft.date=2011-10-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fnews%2Farticle2567088.ece%3Fhomepage%3Dtrue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-243"><a href="#cite_ref-243">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShontell" class="citation web cs1">Shontell, Alyson. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/designer-richard-sapper-regrets-turning-down-apple-and-steve-jobs-2013-6">"This Man Could Have Made $30 Million Per Year As Apple's Designer — But He Turned Steve Jobs Down"</a>. Business Insider. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190517055254/https://www.businessinsider.com/designer-richard-sapper-regrets-turning-down-apple-and-steve-jobs-2013-6">Archived</a> from the original on May 17, 2019. Retrieved May 17, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Business+Insider&rft.atitle=This+Man+Could+Have+Made+%2430+Million+Per+Year+As+Apple%27s+Designer+%E2%80%94+But+He+Turned+Steve+Jobs+Down&rft.aulast=Shontell&rft.aufirst=Alyson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2Fdesigner-richard-sapper-regrets-turning-down-apple-and-steve-jobs-2013-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-244"><a href="#cite_ref-244">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fastcodesign.com/1664863/what-made-steve-jobs-so-great">"What Made Steve Jobs So Great?"</a>. Fast Company. August 24, 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140410045331/http://www.fastcodesign.com/1664863/what-made-steve-jobs-so-great">Archived</a> from the original on April 10, 2014. Retrieved August 21, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fast+Company&rft.atitle=What+Made+Steve+Jobs+So+Great%3F&rft.date=2011-08-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fastcodesign.com%2F1664863%2Fwhat-made-steve-jobs-so-great&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Does_Steve_Jobs_know_how_to_code-245">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Does_Steve_Jobs_know_how_to_code_245-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Does_Steve_Jobs_know_how_to_code_245-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131031141542/http://www.woz.org/letters/does-steve-jobs-know-how-code">"Does Steve Jobs know how to code?"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.woz.org/letters/does-steve-jobs-know-how-code">the original</a> on October 31, 2013. Retrieved August 21, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Does+Steve+Jobs+know+how+to+code%3F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.woz.org%2Fletters%2Fdoes-steve-jobs-know-how-code&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-246"><a href="#cite_ref-246">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://boingboing.net/2012/08/09/kottke.html">"Searching for Magic in India and Silicon Valley: An Interview with Daniel Kottke, Apple Employee #12"</a>. Boing Boing. August 9, 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140111073600/http://boingboing.net/2012/08/09/kottke.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 11, 2014. Retrieved August 30, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Boing+Boing&rft.atitle=Searching+for+Magic+in+India+and+Silicon+Valley%3A+An+Interview+with+Daniel+Kottke%2C+Apple+Employee+%2312&rft.date=2012-08-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fboingboing.net%2F2012%2F08%2F09%2Fkottke.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-247"><a href="#cite_ref-247">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://appleinsider.com/articles/11/08/25/portfolio_of_over_300_patents_underscores_steve_jobs_attention_to_detail.html">"Portfolio of over 300 patents underscores Steve Jobs' attention to detail"</a>. August 25, 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140410021233/http://appleinsider.com/articles/11/08/25/portfolio_of_over_300_patents_underscores_steve_jobs_attention_to_detail.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 10, 2014. Retrieved September 26, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Portfolio+of+over+300+patents+underscores+Steve+Jobs%27+attention+to+detail&rft.date=2011-08-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fappleinsider.com%2Farticles%2F11%2F08%2F25%2Fportfolio_of_over_300_patents_underscores_steve_jobs_attention_to_detail.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Patents_registry_database_1-248">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Patents_registry_database_1_248-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Patents_registry_database_1_248-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO2&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=0&f=S&l=50&TERM1=jobs&FIELD1=INNM&co1=AND&TERM2=apple&FIELD2=ASNM&d=PTXT">"U.S. Government patent database"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130812215018/http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO2&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=0&f=S&l=50&TERM1=jobs&FIELD1=INNM&co1=AND&TERM2=apple&FIELD2=ASNM&d=PTXT">Archived</a> from the original on August 12, 2013. Retrieved August 29, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=U.S.+Government+patent+database&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpatft.uspto.gov%2Fnetacgi%2Fnph-Parser%3FSect1%3DPTO2%26Sect2%3DHITOFF%26p%3D1%26u%3D%252Fnetahtml%252FPTO%252Fsearch-bool.html%26r%3D0%26f%3DS%26l%3D50%26TERM1%3Djobs%26FIELD1%3DINNM%26co1%3DAND%26TERM2%3Dapple%26FIELD2%3DASNM%26d%3DPTXT&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-249"><a href="#cite_ref-249">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO2&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=0&f=S&l=50&TERM1=jobs&FIELD1=IN&co1=AND&TERM2=apple&FIELD2=AS&d=PG01">"U.S. Government patent application database"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151226171021/http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO2&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=0&f=S&l=50&TERM1=jobs&FIELD1=IN&co1=AND&TERM2=apple&FIELD2=AS&d=PG01">Archived</a> from the original on December 26, 2015. Retrieved August 29, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=U.S.+Government+patent+application+database&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fappft1.uspto.gov%2Fnetacgi%2Fnph-Parser%3FSect1%3DPTO2%26Sect2%3DHITOFF%26p%3D1%26u%3D%252Fnetahtml%252FPTO%252Fsearch-bool.html%26r%3D0%26f%3DS%26l%3D50%26TERM1%3Djobs%26FIELD1%3DIN%26co1%3DAND%26TERM2%3Dapple%26FIELD2%3DAS%26d%3DPG01&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-250"><a href="#cite_ref-250">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO2&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&co1=AND&d=PTXT&s1=jobs.INNM.&s2=apple.ASNM.&OS=IN/jobs+AND+AN/apple&RS=IN/jobs+AND+AN/apple">"United States Patent 8,032,843, Ording, et al., October 4, 2011, "User interface for providing consolidation and access""</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130812215357/http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO2&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&co1=AND&d=PTXT&s1=jobs.INNM.&s2=apple.ASNM.&OS=IN/jobs+AND+AN/apple&RS=IN/jobs+AND+AN/apple">Archived</a> from the original on August 12, 2013. Retrieved November 21, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=United+States+Patent+8%2C032%2C843%2C+Ording%2C+et+al.%2C+October+4%2C+2011%2C+%22User+interface+for+providing+consolidation+and+access%22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpatft.uspto.gov%2Fnetacgi%2Fnph-Parser%3FSect1%3DPTO2%26Sect2%3DHITOFF%26p%3D1%26u%3D%252Fnetahtml%252FPTO%252Fsearch-bool.html%26r%3D1%26f%3DG%26l%3D50%26co1%3DAND%26d%3DPTXT%26s1%3Djobs.INNM.%26s2%3Dapple.ASNM.%26OS%3DIN%2Fjobs%2BAND%2BAN%2Fapple%26RS%3DIN%2Fjobs%2BAND%2BAN%2Fapple&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-251"><a href="#cite_ref-251">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.businessinsider.com/steve-jobs-told-me-why-he-loved-being-a-ceo-2013-1">"Steve Jobs Told Me Why He Loved Being A CEO"</a>. Business Insider. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110807051235/http://www.businessinsider.com/">Archived</a> from the original on August 7, 2011. Retrieved February 2, 2013. <q>He told me once that part of the reason he wanted to be CEO was so that nobody could tell him that he wasn't allowed to participate in the nitty-gritty of product design [...] He was right there in the middle of it. All of it. As a team member, not as CEO. He quietly left his CEO hat by the door, and collaborated with us.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Business+Insider&rft.atitle=Steve+Jobs+Told+Me+Why+He+Loved+Being+A+CEO&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2Fsteve-jobs-told-me-why-he-loved-being-a-ceo-2013-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-252"><a href="#cite_ref-252">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKachka2015" class="citation web cs1">Kachka, Boris (August 26, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vulture.com/2015/08/kate-winslet-on-her-role-in-steve-jobs.html">"How Kate Winslet Won a Role in Steve Jobs and Managed All That Sorkin Dialogue"</a>. Vulture. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160618180609/http://www.vulture.com/2015/08/kate-winslet-on-her-role-in-steve-jobs.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 18, 2016. Retrieved December 28, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vulture&rft.atitle=How+Kate+Winslet+Won+a+Role+in+Steve+Jobs+and+Managed+All+That+Sorkin+Dialogue&rft.date=2015-08-26&rft.aulast=Kachka&rft.aufirst=Boris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vulture.com%2F2015%2F08%2Fkate-winslet-on-her-role-in-steve-jobs.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-253"><a href="#cite_ref-253">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRosenwald2011" class="citation news cs1">Rosenwald, Michael S. (October 24, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/books/walter-isaacsons-steve-jobs-biography-shows-apple-co-founders-genius-flaws/2011/10/23/gIQA86vaAM_story.html">"Walter Isaacson's 'Steve Jobs' biography shows Apple co-founder's genius, flaws"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121025093629/http://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/books/walter-isaacsons-steve-jobs-biography-shows-apple-co-founders-genius-flaws/2011/10/23/gIQA86vaAM_story.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 25, 2012. Retrieved September 16, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Walter+Isaacson%27s+%27Steve+Jobs%27+biography+shows+Apple+co-founder%27s+genius%2C+flaws&rft.date=2011-10-24&rft.aulast=Rosenwald&rft.aufirst=Michael+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fentertainment%2Fbooks%2Fwalter-isaacsons-steve-jobs-biography-shows-apple-co-founders-genius-flaws%2F2011%2F10%2F23%2FgIQA86vaAM_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaacson201173–83-254"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIsaacson201173–83_254-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFIsaacson2011">Isaacson 2011</a>, pp. 73–83. </li> <li id="cite_note-Apple_II_intro_date-255"><a href="#cite_ref-Apple_II_intro_date_255-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.computerhistory.org/tdih/June/10/">"June 10, 1978 - Apple II Released Today"</a>. This Day in History. Mountain View, CA: Computer History Museum. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120620175048/http://www.computerhistory.org/tdih/June/10/">Archived</a> from the original on June 20, 2012. Retrieved August 3, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=This+Day+in+History&rft.atitle=June+10%2C+1978+-+Apple+II+Released+Today&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.computerhistory.org%2Ftdih%2FJune%2F10%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Apple_II_History-256"><a href="#cite_ref-Apple_II_History_256-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeyhrich2008" class="citation web cs1">Weyhrich, Steven (December 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://apple2history.org/history/ah04/">"4-The Apple II, cont. - Product Introduction"</a>. Apple II History. Apple2History.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20110722173215/http://apple2history.org/history/ah04/">Archived</a> from the original on July 22, 2011. Retrieved August 3, 2012. <q>The first motherboard-only Apple II computers shipped on May 10, 1977, for those who wanted to add their own case, keyboard, and power supply (or wanted to update their <a href="/wiki/Apple_I" title="Apple I">Apple-1</a> "system" with the latest and greatest). A month later, on June 10, 1977, Apple began shipping full Apple II systems.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Apple+II+History&rft.atitle=4-The+Apple+II%2C+cont.+-+Product+Introduction&rft.date=2008-12&rft.aulast=Weyhrich&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fapple2history.org%2Fhistory%2Fah04%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-257"><a href="#cite_ref-257">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDernbach2007" class="citation web cs1">Dernbach, Christoph (October 12, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mac-history.net/apple-lisa/2007-10-12/apple-lisa">"Apple Lisa"</a>. Mac History. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121103160504/http://www.mac-history.net/apple-lisa/2007-10-12/apple-lisa">Archived</a> from the original on November 3, 2012. Retrieved November 15, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Apple+Lisa&rft.pub=Mac+History&rft.date=2007-10-12&rft.aulast=Dernbach&rft.aufirst=Christoph&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mac-history.net%2Fapple-lisa%2F2007-10-12%2Fapple-lisa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-258"><a href="#cite_ref-258">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oldcomputers.net/lisa.html">"Apple Lisa computer"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150602111059/http://oldcomputers.net/lisa.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 2, 2015. Retrieved May 20, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Apple+Lisa+computer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Foldcomputers.net%2Flisa.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-259"><a href="#cite_ref-259">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSimonYoung2006" class="citation book cs1">Simon, Jeffrey S.; Young, William L. (April 14, 2006). <a href="/wiki/ICon:_Steve_Jobs" class="mw-redirect" title="ICon: Steve Jobs">iCon: Steve Jobs, the greatest second act in the history of business</a> (Newly updated ed.). Hoboken, NJ: <a href="/wiki/John_Wiley_%26_Sons" class="mw-redirect" title="John Wiley & Sons">Wiley</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/iconstevejobsgre00jeff/page/70">70</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0471787846" title="Special:BookSources/978-0471787846"><bdi>978-0471787846</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=iCon%3A+Steve+Jobs%2C+the+greatest+second+act+in+the+history+of+business&rft.place=Hoboken%2C+NJ&rft.pages=70&rft.edition=Newly+updated&rft.pub=Wiley&rft.date=2006-04-14&rft.isbn=978-0471787846&rft.aulast=Simon&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey+S.&rft.au=Young%2C+William+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELinzmayer200479-260"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELinzmayer200479_260-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLinzmayer2004">Linzmayer 2004</a>, p. 79. </li> <li id="cite_note-261"><a href="#cite_ref-261">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPolsson2009" class="citation web cs1">Polsson, Ken (July 29, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090821105822/http://www.islandnet.com/~kpolsson/applehis/appl1984.htm">"Chronology of Apple Computer Personal Computers"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.islandnet.com/~kpolsson/applehis/appl1984.htm">the original</a> on August 21, 2009. Retrieved August 27, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chronology+of+Apple+Computer+Personal+Computers&rft.date=2009-07-29&rft.aulast=Polsson&rft.aufirst=Ken&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.islandnet.com%2F~kpolsson%2Fapplehis%2Fappl1984.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELinzmayer2004113-262"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELinzmayer2004113_262-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLinzmayer2004">Linzmayer 2004</a>, p. 113. </li> <li id="cite_note-263"><a href="#cite_ref-263">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFManey2004" class="citation news cs1">Maney, Kevin (January 28, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/11Iyb4f_GMLWI3fgg2nPaAIsVtyWI9FA-UR5Nw-yqOLE/edit?usp=sharing">"Apple's '1984' Super Bowl commercial still stands as watershed event"</a>. USA Today. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160405014827/https://docs.google.com/document/d/11Iyb4f_GMLWI3fgg2nPaAIsVtyWI9FA-UR5Nw-yqOLE/edit?usp=sharing">Archived</a> from the original on April 5, 2016. Retrieved April 11, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=Apple%27s+%271984%27+Super+Bowl+commercial+still+stands+as+watershed+event&rft.date=2004-01-28&rft.aulast=Maney&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdocs.google.com%2Fdocument%2Fd%2F11Iyb4f_GMLWI3fgg2nPaAIsVtyWI9FA-UR5Nw-yqOLE%2Fedit%3Fusp%3Dsharing&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-264"><a href="#cite_ref-264">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeopold2006" class="citation news cs1">Leopold, Todd (February 3, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/11Iyb4f_GMLWI3fgg2nPaAIsVtyWI9FA-UR5Nw-yqOLE/edit?usp=sharing">"Why 2006 isn't like '1984'"</a>. CNN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160405014827/https://docs.google.com/document/d/11Iyb4f_GMLWI3fgg2nPaAIsVtyWI9FA-UR5Nw-yqOLE/edit?usp=sharing">Archived</a> from the original on April 5, 2016. Retrieved May 10, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Why+2006+isn%27t+like+%271984%27&rft.date=2006-02-03&rft.aulast=Leopold&rft.aufirst=Todd&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdocs.google.com%2Fdocument%2Fd%2F11Iyb4f_GMLWI3fgg2nPaAIsVtyWI9FA-UR5Nw-yqOLE%2Fedit%3Fusp%3Dsharing&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-265"><a href="#cite_ref-265">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCreamer2012" class="citation web cs1">Creamer, Matthew (March 1, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adage.com/article/digital/apple-s-marketing-guru-1984-overrated/232933/">"Apple's First Marketing Guru on Why '1984' Is Overrated"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ad_Age" title="Ad Age">Ad Age</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150419234433/http://adage.com/article/digital/apple-s-marketing-guru-1984-overrated/232933/">Archived</a> from the original on April 19, 2015. Retrieved April 19, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Apple%27s+First+Marketing+Guru+on+Why+%271984%27+Is+Overrated&rft.pub=Ad+Age&rft.date=2012-03-01&rft.aulast=Creamer&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fadage.com%2Farticle%2Fdigital%2Fapple-s-marketing-guru-1984-overrated%2F232933%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-266"><a href="#cite_ref-266">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCellini2004" class="citation news cs1">Cellini, Adelia (January 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20090628133757/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_hb197/is_200401/ai_n5556112">"The Story Behind Apple's '1984' TV commercial: Big Brother at 20"</a>. <a href="/wiki/MacWorld" class="mw-redirect" title="MacWorld">MacWorld</a>. Vol. 1, no. 21. p. 18. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_hb197/is_200401/ai_n5556112">the original</a> on June 28, 2009. Retrieved May 9, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MacWorld&rft.atitle=The+Story+Behind+Apple%27s+%271984%27+TV+commercial%3A+Big+Brother+at+20&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=21&rft.pages=18&rft.date=2004-01&rft.aulast=Cellini&rft.aufirst=Adelia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffindarticles.com%2Fp%2Farticles%2Fmi_hb197%2Fis_200401%2Fai_n5556112&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-267"><a href="#cite_ref-267">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLong2007" class="citation magazine cs1">Long, Tony (January 22, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wired.com/science/discoveries/news/2007/01/72496">"Jan. 22, 1984: Dawn of the Mac"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Wired_News" class="mw-redirect" title="Wired News">Wired</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100416033051/http://www.wired.com/science/discoveries/news/2007/01/72496">Archived</a> from the original on April 16, 2010. Retrieved April 11, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wired&rft.atitle=Jan.+22%2C+1984%3A+Dawn+of+the+Mac&rft.date=2007-01-22&rft.aulast=Long&rft.aufirst=Tony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wired.com%2Fscience%2Fdiscoveries%2Fnews%2F2007%2F01%2F72496&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-268"><a href="#cite_ref-268">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReimer2005" class="citation web cs1">Reimer, Jeremy (December 14, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arstechnica.com/features/2005/12/total-share/5/">"Total share: 30 years of personal computer market share figures"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ars_Technica" title="Ars Technica">Ars Technica</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210514081408/https://arstechnica.com/features/2005/12/total-share/5/">Archived</a> from the original on May 14, 2021. Retrieved April 16, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ars+Technica&rft.atitle=Total+share%3A+30+years+of+personal+computer+market+share+figures&rft.date=2005-12-14&rft.aulast=Reimer&rft.aufirst=Jeremy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farstechnica.com%2Ffeatures%2F2005%2F12%2Ftotal-share%2F5%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-269"><a href="#cite_ref-269">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarter" class="citation web cs1">Carter, Mia. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111130162926/http://inventionsdiscoveries.com/2011/08/steve-jobs-10-products-that-defines-this-tech-legend/">"Steve Jobs: 10 Products that Define this Tech Legend"</a>. Inventions and Discoveries. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://inventionsdiscoveries.com/2011/08/steve-jobs-10-products-that-defines-this-tech-legend/">the original</a> on November 30, 2011. Retrieved March 27, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Inventions+and+Discoveries&rft.atitle=Steve+Jobs%3A+10+Products+that+Define+this+Tech+Legend&rft.aulast=Carter&rft.aufirst=Mia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Finventionsdiscoveries.com%2F2011%2F08%2Fsteve-jobs-10-products-that-defines-this-tech-legend%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-270"><a href="#cite_ref-270">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130518195305/http://www.computerhistory.org/tdih/October/12/">"Steve Jobs Introduces NeXTComputer"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.computerhistory.org/tdih/October/12/">the original</a> on May 18, 2013. Retrieved April 7, 2013. <q>Steve Jobs unveiled the NeXT, the computer he designed after moving on from Apple Computer Inc...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Steve+Jobs+Introduces+NeXTComputer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.computerhistory.org%2Ftdih%2FOctober%2F12%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-271"><a href="#cite_ref-271">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoppel" class="citation web cs1">Hoppel, Adrian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.maclife.com/article/gallery/14_best_inventions_steve_jobs#slide-1">"Magical Inventions of Steve Jobs"</a>. Best Inventions of Steve Jobs. Magical Inventions of Steve Jobs. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140410023029/http://www.maclife.com/article/gallery/14_best_inventions_steve_jobs">Archived</a> from the original on April 10, 2014. Retrieved March 27, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Best+Inventions+of+Steve+Jobs&rft.atitle=Magical+Inventions+of+Steve+Jobs&rft.aulast=Hoppel&rft.aufirst=Adrian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.maclife.com%2Farticle%2Fgallery%2F14_best_inventions_steve_jobs%23slide-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-272"><a href="#cite_ref-272">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAntonelli2006" class="citation web cs1">Antonelli, Paola (April 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metropolismag.com/story/20060320/imac-1998">"iMac – 1998"</a>. MetropolisMag. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130511085659/http://www.metropolismag.com/story/20060320/imac-1998">Archived</a> from the original on May 11, 2013. Retrieved March 28, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=iMac+%E2%80%93+1998&rft.pub=MetropolisMag&rft.date=2006-04&rft.aulast=Antonelli&rft.aufirst=Paola&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.metropolismag.com%2Fstory%2F20060320%2Fimac-1998&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-273"><a href="#cite_ref-273">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichael2007" class="citation web cs1">Michael (August 7, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.applegazette.com/imac/apple-history-evolution-of-the-imac/">"Apple History: Evolution of the iMac"</a>. Apple Gazette. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121116002445/http://www.applegazette.com/imac/apple-history-evolution-of-the-imac/">Archived</a> from the original on November 16, 2012. Retrieved March 28, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Apple+Gazette&rft.atitle=Apple+History%3A+Evolution+of+the+iMac&rft.date=2007-08-07&rft.au=Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.applegazette.com%2Fimac%2Fapple-history-evolution-of-the-imac%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-History-274">^ <a href="#cite_ref-History_274-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-History_274-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcElhearn2016" class="citation web cs1">McElhearn, Kirk (January 9, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.macworld.com/article/3019878/software/15-years-of-itunes-a-look-at-apples-media-app-and-its-influence-on-an-industry.html">"15 years of iTunes: A look at Apple's media app and its influence on an industry"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Macworld" title="Macworld">Macworld</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Data_Group" title="International Data Group">International Data Group</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171217014254/https://www.macworld.com/article/3019878/software/15-years-of-itunes-a-look-at-apples-media-app-and-its-influence-on-an-industry.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 17, 2017. Retrieved December 16, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Macworld&rft.atitle=15+years+of+iTunes%3A+A+look+at+Apple%27s+media+app+and+its+influence+on+an+industry&rft.date=2016-01-09&rft.aulast=McElhearn&rft.aufirst=Kirk&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.macworld.com%2Farticle%2F3019878%2Fsoftware%2F15-years-of-itunes-a-look-at-apples-media-app-and-its-influence-on-an-industry.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-275"><a href="#cite_ref-275">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ipodhistory.com/ipod-first-generation/">"iPod First Generation"</a>. iPod History. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120627000036/http://www.ipodhistory.com/ipod-first-generation/">Archived</a> from the original on June 27, 2012. Retrieved March 28, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=iPod+History&rft.atitle=iPod+First+Generation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ipodhistory.com%2Fipod-first-generation%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Block-276">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Block_276-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Block_276-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlock2005" class="citation web cs1">Block, Ryan (September 8, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.engadget.com/2005/09/08/the-ipod-family-cemetery">"The iPod family cemetery"</a>. iPods. EndGadget. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121206030836/http://www.engadget.com/2005/09/08/the-ipod-family-cemetery/">Archived</a> from the original on December 6, 2012. Retrieved March 28, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=iPods&rft.atitle=The+iPod+family+cemetery&rft.date=2005-09-08&rft.aulast=Block&rft.aufirst=Ryan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.engadget.com%2F2005%2F09%2F08%2Fthe-ipod-family-cemetery&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-277"><a href="#cite_ref-277">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsiado2011" class="citation web cs1">Asiado, Tel (August 24, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111130162926/http://inventionsdiscoveries.com/2011/08/steve-jobs-10-products-that-defines-this-tech-legend/">"Steve Jobs: 10 Products that Define this Tech Legend"</a>. Inventions and Discoveries. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://inventionsdiscoveries.com/2011/08/steve-jobs-10-products-that-defines-this-tech-legend/">the original</a> on November 30, 2011. Retrieved March 27, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Inventions+and+Discoveries&rft.atitle=Steve+Jobs%3A+10+Products+that+Define+this+Tech+Legend&rft.date=2011-08-24&rft.aulast=Asiado&rft.aufirst=Tel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Finventionsdiscoveries.com%2F2011%2F08%2Fsteve-jobs-10-products-that-defines-this-tech-legend%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-278"><a href="#cite_ref-278">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHa2010" class="citation news cs1">Ha, Peter (October 25, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,2023689_2023708,00.html">"All-TIME 100 Gadgets - TIME"</a>. Time. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0040-781X">0040-781X</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210802172457/http://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,2023689_2023708,00.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 2, 2021. Retrieved October 9, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=All-TIME+100+Gadgets+-+TIME&rft.date=2010-10-25&rft.issn=0040-781X&rft.aulast=Ha&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.time.com%2Ftime%2Fspecials%2Fpackages%2Farticle%2F0%2C28804%2C2023689_2023708%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-279"><a href="#cite_ref-279">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iphonehistory.com/iphone-3gs/">"iPhone 3GS"</a>. iPhone News. iPhoneHistory. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120624222525/http://www.iphonehistory.com/iphone-3gs/">Archived</a> from the original on June 24, 2012. Retrieved March 28, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=iPhone+News&rft.atitle=iPhone+3GS&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iphonehistory.com%2Fiphone-3gs%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-280"><a href="#cite_ref-280">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.apple.com/iphone/iphone-4/specs.html">"iPhone 4 Tech Specs"</a>. Apple. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120630170442/http://www.apple.com/iphone/iphone-4/specs.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 30, 2012. Retrieved March 28, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=iPhone+4+Tech+Specs&rft.pub=Apple&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.apple.com%2Fiphone%2Fiphone-4%2Fspecs.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-281"><a href="#cite_ref-281">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120621040832/http://www.iphone5reviewed.com/wordpress/2011/11/04/iphone-history-read-about-the-iphone-story-here/">"iPhone History – Read About The iPhone Story Here"</a>. The Apple Biter's Blog. November 4, 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iphone5reviewed.com/wordpress/2011/11/04/iphone-history-read-about-the-iphone-story-here/">the original</a> on June 21, 2012. Retrieved October 15, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=iPhone+History+%E2%80%93+Read+About+The+iPhone+Story+Here&rft.pub=The+Apple+Biter%27s+Blog&rft.date=2011-11-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iphone5reviewed.com%2Fwordpress%2F2011%2F11%2F04%2Fiphone-history-read-about-the-iphone-story-here%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-282"><a href="#cite_ref-282">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theverge.com/2015/4/3/8339599/apple-ipad-five-years-old-timeline-photos-videos">"The iPad's 5th anniversary: a timeline of Apple's category-defining tablet"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Verge" title="The Verge">The Verge</a>. April 3, 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150417213254/http://www.theverge.com/2015/4/3/8339599/apple-ipad-five-years-old-timeline-photos-videos">Archived</a> from the original on April 17, 2015. Retrieved April 17, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Verge&rft.atitle=The+iPad%27s+5th+anniversary%3A+a+timeline+of+Apple%27s+category-defining+tablet&rft.date=2015-04-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theverge.com%2F2015%2F4%2F3%2F8339599%2Fapple-ipad-five-years-old-timeline-photos-videos&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-283"><a href="#cite_ref-283">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLove" class="citation web cs1">Love, Dylan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/steve-jobs-wife-2011-10">"Steve Jobs Skipped A Business Meeting To Take His Wife On Their First Date"</a>. Business Insider. Retrieved June 30, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Business+Insider&rft.atitle=Steve+Jobs+Skipped+A+Business+Meeting+To+Take+His+Wife+On+Their+First+Date&rft.aulast=Love&rft.aufirst=Dylan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2Fsteve-jobs-wife-2011-10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-284"><a href="#cite_ref-284">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMilian2011" class="citation web cs1">Milian, Mark (October 6, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2011/10/05/tech/innovation/steve-jobs-philosophy/index.html">"The spiritual side of Steve Jobs | CNN Business"</a>. CNN. Retrieved May 2, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=The+spiritual+side+of+Steve+Jobs+%7C+CNN+Business&rft.date=2011-10-06&rft.aulast=Milian&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2011%2F10%2F05%2Ftech%2Finnovation%2Fsteve-jobs-philosophy%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CNN_Money-285">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CNN_Money_285-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CNN_Money_285-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElkind2008" class="citation web cs1">Elkind, Peter (March 5, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100305185913/http://money.cnn.com/2008/03/02/news/companies/elkind_jobs.fortune/index2.htm">"America's Most Admired Companies: Steve Jobs (pg 2)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNNMoney" class="mw-redirect" title="CNNMoney">CNNMoney</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://money.cnn.com/2008/03/02/news/companies/elkind_jobs.fortune/index2.htm">the original</a> on March 5, 2010. Retrieved September 17, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNNMoney&rft.atitle=America%27s+Most+Admired+Companies%3A+Steve+Jobs+%28pg+2%29&rft.date=2008-03-05&rft.aulast=Elkind&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmoney.cnn.com%2F2008%2F03%2F02%2Fnews%2Fcompanies%2Felkind_jobs.fortune%2Findex2.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaacson2011274-286"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIsaacson2011274_286-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFIsaacson2011">Isaacson 2011</a>, p. 274. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELinzmayer200481-287">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELinzmayer200481_287-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELinzmayer200481_287-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFLinzmayer2004">Linzmayer 2004</a>, p. 81. </li> <li id="cite_note-288"><a href="#cite_ref-288">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patch.com/california/losaltos/steve-jobs-childhood-home-draws-tourists-stepmom-lamea2c39be94e">"Steve Jobs' Childhood Home Draws Tourists; Stepmom Laments Resignation"</a>. Los Altos, CA Patch. August 25, 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210602213808/https://patch.com/california/losaltos/steve-jobs-childhood-home-draws-tourists-stepmom-lamea2c39be94e">Archived</a> from the original on June 2, 2021. Retrieved May 30, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Altos%2C+CA+Patch&rft.atitle=Steve+Jobs%27+Childhood+Home+Draws+Tourists%3B+Stepmom+Laments+Resignation&rft.date=2011-08-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpatch.com%2Fcalifornia%2Flosaltos%2Fsteve-jobs-childhood-home-draws-tourists-stepmom-lamea2c39be94e&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-289"><a href="#cite_ref-289">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100914010800/http://www.parsacf.org/Page/82">"Laurene Powell Jobs – PARSA"</a>. PARSA Community Foundation. 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parsacf.org/Page/82">the original</a> on September 14, 2010. Retrieved July 8, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Laurene+Powell+Jobs+%E2%80%93+PARSA&rft.pub=PARSA+Community+Foundation&rft.date=2006&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parsacf.org%2FPage%2F82&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-290"><a href="#cite_ref-290">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGelles2020" class="citation news cs1">Gelles, David (February 27, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/27/business/laurene-powell-jobs-corner-office.html">"Laurene Powell Jobs Is Putting Her Own Dent in the Universe: An interview with the 35th-richest person in the world"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200525094813/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/27/business/laurene-powell-jobs-corner-office.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 25, 2020. Retrieved May 25, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Laurene+Powell+Jobs+Is+Putting+Her+Own+Dent+in+the+Universe%3A+An+interview+with+the+35th-richest+person+in+the+world&rft.date=2020-02-27&rft.aulast=Gelles&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2020%2F02%2F27%2Fbusiness%2Flaurene-powell-jobs-corner-office.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-291"><a href="#cite_ref-291">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHartmans2020" class="citation magazine cs1">Hartmans, Avery (February 28, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/laurene-powell-jobs-children-wont-inherit-billions-2020-2">"Laurene Powell Jobs says she won't pass on billions to her children"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Business_Insider" title="Business Insider">Business Insider</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200629182850/https://www.businessinsider.com/laurene-powell-jobs-children-wont-inherit-billions-2020-2">Archived</a> from the original on June 29, 2020. Retrieved May 25, 2020. <q>It ends with me</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Business+Insider&rft.atitle=Laurene+Powell+Jobs+says+she+won%27t+pass+on+billions+to+her+children&rft.date=2020-02-28&rft.aulast=Hartmans&rft.aufirst=Avery&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2Flaurene-powell-jobs-children-wont-inherit-billions-2020-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrennan2013220-292"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrennan2013220_292-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBrennan2013">Brennan 2013</a>, p. 220. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaacson2011253–255-293">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIsaacson2011253–255_293-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIsaacson2011253–255_293-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIsaacson2011253–255_293-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIsaacson2011253–255_293-3">d</a> <a href="#CITEREFIsaacson2011">Isaacson 2011</a>, pp. 253–255. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaacson2011254-294">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIsaacson2011254_294-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIsaacson2011254_294-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFIsaacson2011">Isaacson 2011</a>, p. 254. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaacson2011258-295">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIsaacson2011258_295-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIsaacson2011258_295-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFIsaacson2011">Isaacson 2011</a>, p. 258. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaacson2011255-296">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIsaacson2011255_296-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIsaacson2011255_296-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIsaacson2011255_296-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFIsaacson2011">Isaacson 2011</a>, p. 255. </li> <li id="cite_note-sg-297">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sg_297-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-sg_297-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-sg_297-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150701085311/http://www.saudigazette.com.sa/index.cfm?method=home.regcon&contentID=2011011891545">"The 'father of invention'"</a>. Saudi Gazette. January 18, 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.saudigazette.com.sa/index.cfm?method=home.regcon&contentID=2011011891545">the original</a> on July 1, 2015. Retrieved June 27, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Saudi+Gazette&rft.atitle=The+%27father+of+invention%27&rft.date=2011-01-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.saudigazette.com.sa%2Findex.cfm%3Fmethod%3Dhome.regcon%26contentID%3D2011011891545&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaacson2011253-298">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIsaacson2011253_298-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIsaacson2011253_298-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFIsaacson2011">Isaacson 2011</a>, p. 253. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaacson2011256-299"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIsaacson2011256_299-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFIsaacson2011">Isaacson 2011</a>, p. 256. </li> <li id="cite_note-300"><a href="#cite_ref-300">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGraff2015" class="citation web cs1">Graff, Amy (November 18, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Steve-Jobs-son-of-Syrian-refugee-6640925.php">"Social media reminds us Steve Jobs was the son of a Syrian migrant"</a>. SFGate. Hearst Communications. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160519121041/http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Steve-Jobs-son-of-Syrian-refugee-6640925.php">Archived</a> from the original on May 19, 2016. Retrieved May 19, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SFGate&rft.atitle=Social+media+reminds+us+Steve+Jobs+was+the+son+of+a+Syrian+migrant&rft.date=2015-11-18&rft.aulast=Graff&rft.aufirst=Amy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfgate.com%2Fnews%2Farticle%2FSteve-Jobs-son-of-Syrian-refugee-6640925.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsaacson2011257-301">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIsaacson2011257_301-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIsaacson2011257_301-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFIsaacson2011">Isaacson 2011</a>, p. 257. </li> <li id="cite_note-302"><a href="#cite_ref-302">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hammer.ucla.edu/programs-events/2012/07/malek-jandali-mona-simpson-james-gelvin">Conversations: Malek Jandali, Mona Simpson, & James Gelvin</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180414174937/https://hammer.ucla.edu/programs-events/2012/07/malek-jandali-mona-simpson-james-gelvin/">Archived</a> April 14, 2018, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (UCLA Hammer Museum event). Hammer.UCLA.edu. Retrieved October 2, 2018. </li> <li id="cite_note-mystery-303">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mystery_303-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mystery_303-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mystery_303-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mystery_303-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSorkin2011" class="citation news cs1">Sorkin, Andrew Ross (August 29, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.nytimes.com/dealbook.nytimes.com/2011/08/29/the-mystery-of-steve-jobss-public-giving/">"The Mystery of Steve Jobs's Public Giving"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220806224123/https://archive.nytimes.com/dealbook.nytimes.com/2011/08/29/the-mystery-of-steve-jobss-public-giving/">Archived</a> from the original on August 6, 2022. Retrieved August 6, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+Mystery+of+Steve+Jobs%27s+Public+Giving&rft.date=2011-08-29&rft.aulast=Sorkin&rft.aufirst=Andrew+Ross&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.nytimes.com%2Fdealbook.nytimes.com%2F2011%2F08%2F29%2Fthe-mystery-of-steve-jobss-public-giving%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-record_thin-304">^ <a href="#cite_ref-record_thin_304-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-record_thin_304-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-record_thin_304-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-record_thin_304-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-record_thin_304-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhoriskey2011" class="citation news cs1">Whoriskey, Peter (October 6, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://washingtonpost.com/business/economy/record-thin-on-steve-jobss-philanthropy/2011/10/06/gIQA3YKKRL_story.html">"Record thin on Steve Jobs' philanthropy"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220812001024/https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/record-thin-on-steve-jobss-philanthropy/2011/10/06/gIQA3YKKRL_story.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 12, 2022. Retrieved August 6, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Record+thin+on+Steve+Jobs%27+philanthropy&rft.date=2011-10-06&rft.aulast=Whoriskey&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwashingtonpost.com%2Fbusiness%2Feconomy%2Frecord-thin-on-steve-jobss-philanthropy%2F2011%2F10%2F06%2FgIQA3YKKRL_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-305"><a href="#cite_ref-305">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.globalpost.com/dispatches/globalpost-blogs/weird-wide-web/steve-jobs-apple-iphone-statue-budapest-hungary-graphisoft">"Steve Jobs statue unveiled in Hungary science park"</a>. GlobalPost. December 21, 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120110222451/http://www.globalpost.com/dispatches/globalpost-blogs/weird-wide-web/steve-jobs-apple-iphone-statue-budapest-hungary-graphisoft">Archived</a> from the original on January 10, 2012. Retrieved December 28, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=GlobalPost&rft.atitle=Steve+Jobs+statue+unveiled+in+Hungary+science+park&rft.date=2011-12-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalpost.com%2Fdispatches%2Fglobalpost-blogs%2Fweird-wide-web%2Fsteve-jobs-apple-iphone-statue-budapest-hungary-graphisoft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-306"><a href="#cite_ref-306">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uspto.gov/nmti/recipients_85.html">"The National Medal of Technology Recipients 1985 Laureates"</a>. Uspto.gov. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090826141353/http://www.uspto.gov/nmti/recipients_85.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 26, 2009. Retrieved April 19, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+National+Medal+of+Technology+Recipients+1985+Laureates&rft.pub=Uspto.gov&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uspto.gov%2Fnmti%2Frecipients_85.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-307"><a href="#cite_ref-307">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jeffersonawards.org/pastwinners/national">"National Winners | public service awards"</a>. Jefferson Awards.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120220022823/http://www.jeffersonawards.org/pastwinners/national">Archived</a> from the original on February 20, 2012. Retrieved April 19, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+Winners+%26%23124%3B+public+service+awards&rft.pub=Jefferson+Awards.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jeffersonawards.org%2Fpastwinners%2Fnational&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-308"><a href="#cite_ref-308">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurlinghamGendron1989" class="citation web cs1">Burlingham, Bo; Gendron, George (April 1, 1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120609071143/http://www.inc.com/magazine/19890401/5602.html">"The Entrepreneur of the Decade"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Inc._(magazine)" title="Inc. (magazine)">Inc. magazine</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.inc.com/magazine/19890401/5602.html">the original</a> on June 9, 2012. Retrieved October 8, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Inc.+magazine&rft.atitle=The+Entrepreneur+of+the+Decade&rft.date=1989-04-01&rft.aulast=Burlingham&rft.aufirst=Bo&rft.au=Gendron%2C+George&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.inc.com%2Fmagazine%2F19890401%2F5602.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-309"><a href="#cite_ref-309">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://itunes.apple.com/us/itunes-u/convocation-audio/id391853261?mt=10">"Reed College Convocation"</a>. Apple iTunes. Portland, Oregon: Reed College. August 27, 1991. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161211060339/https://itunes.apple.com/us/itunes-u/convocation-audio/id391853261?mt=10">Archived</a> from the original on December 11, 2016. Retrieved December 6, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Apple+iTunes&rft.atitle=Reed+College+Convocation&rft.date=1991-08-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fitunes.apple.com%2Fus%2Fitunes-u%2Fconvocation-audio%2Fid391853261%3Fmt%3D10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-310"><a href="#cite_ref-310">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCaldwell2010" class="citation web cs1">Caldwell, Serenity (April 29, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.macworld.com/article/205138/steve_jobs_makes_time_100_yet_again.html">"Steve Jobs makes Time 100 for fifth time"</a>. Macworld. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220920173223/https://www.macworld.com/article/205138/steve_jobs_makes_time_100_yet_again.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 20, 2022. Retrieved September 20, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Macworld&rft.atitle=Steve+Jobs+makes+Time+100+for+fifth+time&rft.date=2010-04-29&rft.aulast=Caldwell&rft.aufirst=Serenity&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.macworld.com%2Farticle%2F205138%2Fsteve_jobs_makes_time_100_yet_again.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-311"><a href="#cite_ref-311">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140410022342/http://money.cnn.com/galleries/2007/fortune/0711/gallery.power_25.fortune/">"25 most powerful people in business – #1: Steve Jobs"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Fortune_(magazine)" title="Fortune (magazine)">Fortune</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://money.cnn.com/galleries/2007/fortune/0711/gallery.power_25.fortune">the original</a> on April 10, 2014. Retrieved April 19, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fortune&rft.atitle=25+most+powerful+people+in+business+%E2%80%93+%231%3A+Steve+Jobs&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmoney.cnn.com%2Fgalleries%2F2007%2Ffortune%2F0711%2Fgallery.power_25.fortune&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-312"><a href="#cite_ref-312">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080110182937/http://www.californiamuseum.org/Exhibits/Hall-of-Fame/inductees.html">"Jobs inducted into California Hall of Fame"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.californiamuseum.org/Exhibits/Hall-of-Fame/inductees.html">the original</a> on January 10, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jobs+inducted+into+California+Hall+of+Fame&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.californiamuseum.org%2FExhibits%2FHall-of-Fame%2Finductees.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988">, <a href="/wiki/The_California_Museum_for_History,_Women_and_the_Arts" class="mw-redirect" title="The California Museum for History, Women and the Arts">California Museum</a>. Retrieved 2007. </li> <li id="cite_note-313"><a href="#cite_ref-313">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArico2011" class="citation news cs1">Arico, Joe (December 22, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120906110132/http://www.mobiledia.com/news/121854.html">"Steve Jobs Wins Special Grammy"</a>. Mobiledia.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mobiledia.com/news/121854.html">the original</a> on September 6, 2012. Retrieved December 28, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mobiledia.com&rft.atitle=Steve+Jobs+Wins+Special+Grammy&rft.date=2011-12-22&rft.aulast=Arico&rft.aufirst=Joe&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mobiledia.com%2Fnews%2F121854.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-314"><a href="#cite_ref-314">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.edisonawards.com/PressRelease/2012_WinnersRelease.pdf">"2012 EDISON AWARDS WINNERS ANNOUNCED"</a> (PDF). p. 1. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211021153157/http://www.edisonawards.com/PressRelease/2012_WinnersRelease.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on October 21, 2021. Retrieved October 19, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2012+EDISON+AWARDS+WINNERS+ANNOUNCED&rft.pages=1&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.edisonawards.com%2FPressRelease%2F2012_WinnersRelease.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-315"><a href="#cite_ref-315">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFord2013" class="citation news cs1">Ford, Rebecca (July 10, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/steve-jobs-billy-crystal-receive-583134">"Steve Jobs, Billy Crystal to Receive Disney Legends Awards"</a>. The Hollywood Reporter. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140404203939/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/steve-jobs-billy-crystal-receive-583134">Archived</a> from the original on April 4, 2014. Retrieved July 18, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hollywood+Reporter&rft.atitle=Steve+Jobs%2C+Billy+Crystal+to+Receive+Disney+Legends+Awards&rft.date=2013-07-10&rft.aulast=Ford&rft.aufirst=Rebecca&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hollywoodreporter.com%2Fnews%2Fsteve-jobs-billy-crystal-receive-583134&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-316"><a href="#cite_ref-316">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dezeen.com/2017/09/12/apple-park-steve-jobs-theater-keynote-foster-partners/">"Apple Park's Steve Jobs Theater opens to host 2017 keynote"</a>. Dezeen. September 12, 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180105011418/https://www.dezeen.com/2017/09/12/apple-park-steve-jobs-theater-keynote-foster-partners/">Archived</a> from the original on January 5, 2018. Retrieved January 4, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dezeen&rft.atitle=Apple+Park%27s+Steve+Jobs+Theater+opens+to+host+2017+keynote&rft.date=2017-09-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dezeen.com%2F2017%2F09%2F12%2Fapple-park-steve-jobs-theater-keynote-foster-partners%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-317"><a href="#cite_ref-317">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/technology/steve-jobs-awarded-posthumous-medal-of-freedom-by-president-biden/ar-AAZ58mS">"Steve Jobs awarded posthumous Medal of Freedom by President Biden"</a>. <a href="/wiki/MSN" title="MSN">MSN</a>. p. 1. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220701172945/https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/technology/steve-jobs-awarded-posthumous-medal-of-freedom-by-president-biden/ar-AAZ58mS">Archived</a> from the original on July 1, 2022. Retrieved July 1, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MSN&rft.atitle=Steve+Jobs+awarded+posthumous+Medal+of+Freedom+by+President+Biden&rft.pages=1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.msn.com%2Fen-us%2Fnews%2Ftechnology%2Fsteve-jobs-awarded-posthumous-medal-of-freedom-by-president-biden%2Far-AAZ58mS&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrennan2013" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Chrisann_Brennan" title="Chrisann Brennan">Brennan, Chrisann</a> (2013). <a href="/wiki/The_Bite_in_the_Apple" title="The Bite in the Apple">The Bite in the Apple: A Memoir of My Life with Steve Jobs</a>. New York: <a href="/wiki/St._Martin%27s_Press" title="St. Martin's Press">St. Martin's Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-250-03876-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-250-03876-0"><bdi>978-1-250-03876-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Bite+in+the+Apple%3A+A+Memoir+of+My+Life+with+Steve+Jobs&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=St.+Martin%27s+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-250-03876-0&rft.aulast=Brennan&rft.aufirst=Chrisann&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIsaacson2011" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Walter_Isaacson" title="Walter Isaacson">Isaacson, Walter</a> (2011). <a href="/wiki/Steve_Jobs_(book)" title="Steve Jobs (book)">Steve Jobs</a> (1st ed.). New York: <a href="/wiki/Simon_%26_Schuster" title="Simon & Schuster">Simon & Schuster</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4516-4853-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4516-4853-9"><bdi>978-1-4516-4853-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Steve+Jobs&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-4516-4853-9&rft.aulast=Isaacson&rft.aufirst=Walter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLinzmayer2004" class="citation book cs1">Linzmayer, Owen W. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/appleconfidentia0000linz">Apple Confidential 2.0: The Definitive History of the World's Most Colorful Company</a>. <a href="/wiki/No_Starch_Press" title="No Starch Press">No Starch Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59327-010-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59327-010-0"><bdi>978-1-59327-010-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Apple+Confidential+2.0%3A+The+Definitive+History+of+the+World%27s+Most+Colorful+Company&rft.pub=No+Starch+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-59327-010-0&rft.aulast=Linzmayer&rft.aufirst=Owen+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fappleconfidentia0000linz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchlenderTetzeli2015" class="citation book cs1">Schlender, Brent; Tetzeli, Rick (2015). <a href="/wiki/Becoming_Steve_Jobs" title="Becoming Steve Jobs">Becoming Steve Jobs: The Evolution of a Reckless Upstart into a Visionary Leader</a>. <a href="/wiki/Crown_Publishing_Group" title="Crown Publishing Group">Crown Business</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7710-7914-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7710-7914-6"><bdi>978-0-7710-7914-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Becoming+Steve+Jobs%3A+The+Evolution+of+a+Reckless+Upstart+into+a+Visionary+Leader&rft.pub=Crown+Business&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0-7710-7914-6&rft.aulast=Schlender&rft.aufirst=Brent&rft.au=Tetzeli%2C+Rick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2020" class="citation book cs1">Smith, Alexander (2020). They Create Worlds: The Story of the People and Companies That Shaped the Video Game Industry, Volume 1: 1971–1982. Boca Raton, FL: <a href="/wiki/CRC_Press" title="CRC Press">CRC Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-138-38992-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-138-38992-2"><bdi>978-1-138-38992-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=They+Create+Worlds%3A+The+Story+of+the+People+and+Companies+That+Shaped+the+Video+Game+Industry%2C+Volume+1%3A+1971%E2%80%931982&rft.place=Boca+Raton%2C+FL&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-1-138-38992-2&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASteve+Jobs" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> Steve Jobs at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Steve_Jobs" class="extiw" title="c:Steve Jobs">Media</a> from Commons</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Steve_Jobs" class="extiw" title="n:Category:Steve Jobs">News</a> from Wikinews</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Steve_Jobs" class="extiw" title="q:Steve Jobs">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/54px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Steve_jobs_the_end_of_an_era" class="extiw" title="v:Steve jobs the end of an era">Resources</a> from Wikiversity</li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apple.com/stevejobs">Steve Jobs</a> official memorial page at <a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.discogs.com/artist/Steve+Jobs+%282%29">Steve Jobs</a> discography at <a href="/wiki/Discogs" title="Discogs">Discogs</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0423418/">Steve Jobs</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/profile/steve-jobs">Steve Jobs</a> profile at <a href="/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vault.fbi.gov/steve-jobs">Steven Paul Jobs</a> The Vault at <a href="/wiki/FBI" class="mw-redirect" title="FBI">FBI</a> Records</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.folklore.org/ProjectView.py?characters=Steve%20Jobs">Steve Jobs</a> at <a href="/wiki/Andy_Hertzfeld" title="Andy Hertzfeld">Andy Hertzfeld</a>'s The Original Macintosh (folklore.org)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150527041838/http://www.woz.org/taxonomy/term/11">Steve Jobs</a> at <a href="/wiki/Steve_Wozniak" title="Steve Wozniak">Steve Wozniak</a>'s woz.org</li> <li>2011: "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.computerhistory.org/atchm/steve-jobs">Steve Jobs: From Garage to World's Most Valuable Company</a>." <a href="/wiki/Computer_History_Museum" title="Computer History Museum">Computer History Museum</a></li> <li>2005: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UF8uR6Z6KLc">Steve Jobs commencement speech</a> at <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a></li> <li>1995: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://americanhistory.si.edu/comphist/sj1.html">Steve Jobs</a>, Founder, NeXT Computer, excerpts from an Oral History Interview at <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Institution" title="Smithsonian Institution">Smithsonian Institution</a>, April 20, 1995</li> <li>1994: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/news/steve-jobs-in-1994-the-rolling-stone-interview-20110117">Steve Jobs</a> in 1994: The Rolling Stone Interview in <a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stone" title="Rolling Stone">Rolling Stone</a></li> <li>1990: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mlfilms.com/productions/m_and_i">Steve Jobs</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141216230720/http://www.mlfilms.com/productions/m_and_i">Archived</a> December 16, 2014, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> – memory and imagination "What a computer is to me is it's the most remarkable tool that we've ever come up with, and it's the equivalent of a bicycle for our minds"</li> <li>1983: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20140224151824/http://www.pointerbrain.com/the-lost-steve-jobs-speech-is-found">The "Lost" Steve Jobs Speech from 1983</a>; Foreshadowing Wireless Networking, the iPad, and the App Store (audio clip)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_access" title="open access publication – free to read"><img alt="Open access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/9px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/14px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/18px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s4pVFLUlx8g">History of Steve Jobs (Full Documentary)</a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ffcc66;">Business positions </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Gil_Amelio" title="Gil Amelio">Gil Amelio</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Apple_Computer_CEOs" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Apple Computer CEOs">CEO of Apple</a> 1997–2011 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Tim_Cook" title="Tim Cook">Tim Cook</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Mike_Markkula" title="Mike Markkula">Mike Markkula</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple Chairman</a> 1981–1985 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Mike_Markkula" title="Mike Markkula">Mike Markkula</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple Chairman</a> 2011 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_D._Levinson" title="Arthur D. Levinson">Arthur D. Levinson</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Steve_Jobs61" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Steve_Jobs" title="Template:Steve Jobs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Steve_Jobs" title="Template talk:Steve Jobs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Steve_Jobs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Steve Jobs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Steve_Jobs61" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Steve Jobs</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Career</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Steve_Jobs_media" title="Timeline of Steve Jobs media">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple Computer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Apple_Inc.#1975–1985:_Jobs_and_Wozniak" title="History of Apple Inc.">history</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh#History" class="mw-redirect" title="Macintosh">Macintosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NeXT" title="NeXT">NeXT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixar" title="Pixar">Pixar</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Return_to_Apple">Return to Apple</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Thoughts_on_Flash" title="Thoughts on Flash">Thoughts on Flash</a>"</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Steve_Jobs_Headshot_2010-CROP.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Steve_Jobs_Headshot_2010-CROP.jpg/100px-Steve_Jobs_Headshot_2010-CROP.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Steve_Jobs_Headshot_2010-CROP.jpg/150px-Steve_Jobs_Headshot_2010-CROP.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Steve_Jobs_Headshot_2010-CROP.jpg/200px-Steve_Jobs_Headshot_2010-CROP.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3259" data-file-height="3194" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legacy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_depictions_of_Steve_Jobs" title="List of depictions of Steve Jobs">Depictions</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Honors_and_awards">Honors and public recognition</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Books about</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Little_Kingdom" title="The Little Kingdom">The Little Kingdom</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Second_Coming_of_Steve_Jobs" title="The Second Coming of Steve Jobs">The Second Coming of Steve Jobs</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICon" title="ICon">iCon</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Jobs_(book)" title="Steve Jobs (book)">Steve Jobs</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bite_in_the_Apple" title="The Bite in the Apple">The Bite in the Apple</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Becoming_Steve_Jobs" title="Becoming Steve Jobs">Becoming Steve Jobs</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Designed_by_Apple_in_California" title="Designed by Apple in California">Designed by Apple in California</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_Fry_(memoir)" title="Small Fry (memoir)">Small Fry</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Make_Something_Wonderful" title="Make Something Wonderful">Make Something Wonderful</a> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films about</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Triumph_of_the_Nerds" title="Triumph of the Nerds">Triumph of the Nerds</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirates_of_Silicon_Valley" title="Pirates of Silicon Valley">Pirates of Silicon Valley</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Jobs:_The_Lost_Interview" title="Steve Jobs: The Lost Interview">Steve Jobs: The Lost Interview</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISteve" title="ISteve">ISteve</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jobs_(film)" title="Jobs (film)">Jobs</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Jobs_(film)" title="Steve Jobs (film)">Steve Jobs</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Jobs:_The_Man_in_the_Machine" title="Steve Jobs: The Man in the Machine">Steve Jobs: The Man in the Machine</a> (2015)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Laurene_Powell_Jobs" title="Laurene Powell Jobs">Laurene Powell Jobs</a> (wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mona_Simpson" title="Mona Simpson">Mona Simpson</a> (sister)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrisann_Brennan" title="Chrisann Brennan">Chrisann Brennan</a> (mother of his first child)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisa_Brennan-Jobs" title="Lisa Brennan-Jobs">Lisa Brennan-Jobs</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eve_Jobs" title="Eve Jobs">Eve Jobs</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reed_Jobs" title="Reed Jobs">Reed Jobs</a> (son)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stevenote" title="Stevenote">Stevenote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reality_distortion_field" title="Reality distortion field">Reality distortion field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackling_House" title="Jackling House">Jackling House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_(R)evolution_of_Steve_Jobs" title="The (R)evolution of Steve Jobs">The (R)evolution of Steve Jobs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seva_Foundation" title="Seva Foundation">Seva Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Son_of_a_Migrant_from_Syria" title="The Son of a Migrant from Syria">The Son of a Migrant from Syria</a> (2015 mural)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venus_(yacht)" title="Venus (yacht)">Venus yacht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_(advertisement)" title="1984 (advertisement)">1984 commercial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Think_different" title="Think different">Think different</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Wozniak" title="Steve Wozniak">Steve Wozniak</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Apple_Inc.606" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Apple_Inc." title="Template:Apple Inc."><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Apple_Inc." title="Template talk:Apple Inc."><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Apple_Inc." title="Special:EditPage/Template:Apple Inc."><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Apple_Inc.606" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple Inc.</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Apple_Inc." title="History of Apple Inc.">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Apple_Inc." title="Outline of Apple Inc.">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Apple_Inc._products" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of Apple Inc. products">Timeline of products</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_practices_of_Apple" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental practices of Apple">Environment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marketing_of_Apple_Inc." title="Marketing of Apple Inc.">Marketing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_supply_chain" title="Apple supply chain">Supply chain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_and_unions" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple and unions">Trade unions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Apple_Inc._products" title="Category:Apple Inc. products">Products</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Apple_Inc._hardware" title="Category:Apple Inc. hardware">Hardware</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mac_(computer)" title="Mac (computer)">Mac</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IMac" title="IMac">iMac</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IMac_Pro" title="IMac Pro">Pro</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacBook" title="MacBook">MacBook</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MacBook_Air" title="MacBook Air">Air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacBook_Pro" title="MacBook Pro">Pro</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_Mini" title="Mac Mini">Mini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_Studio" title="Mac Studio">Studio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_Pro" title="Mac Pro">Pro</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/IPod" title="IPod">iPod</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IPod_Classic" title="IPod Classic">Classic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPod_Mini" title="IPod Mini">Mini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPod_Nano" title="IPod Nano">Nano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPod_Shuffle" title="IPod Shuffle">Shuffle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPod_Touch" title="IPod Touch">Touch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/IPhone" title="IPhone">iPhone</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IPhone_hardware" title="IPhone hardware">Hardware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_iPhone" title="History of the iPhone">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_iPhone_models" title="List of iPhone models">iPhone models</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/IPad" title="IPad">iPad</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IPad_Mini" title="IPad Mini">Mini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPad_Air" class="mw-redirect" title="IPad Air">Air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPad_Pro" title="IPad Pro">Pro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_iPad_accessories" title="List of iPad accessories">Accessories</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/AirPods" title="AirPods">AirPods</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AirPods_Pro" title="AirPods Pro">Pro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AirPods_Max" title="AirPods Max">Max</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_SIM" title="Apple SIM">Apple SIM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AirTag" title="AirTag">AirTag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beats_Electronics" title="Beats Electronics">Beats</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beats_Pill" title="Beats Pill">Pill</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HomePod" title="HomePod">HomePod</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HomePod_Mini" title="HomePod Mini">Mini</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_silicon" title="Apple silicon">Silicon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_TV" title="Apple TV">TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Vision_Pro" title="Apple Vision Pro">Vision Pro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Watch" title="Apple Watch">Watch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Apple_Inc._software" title="Category:Apple Inc. software">Software</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Operatingsystems58" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Apple_operating_systems" title="List of Apple operating systems">Operating systems</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IOS" title="IOS">iOS</a> / <a href="/wiki/IPadOS" title="IPadOS">iPadOS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_iPhone_models" title="List of iPhone models">iPhones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_iPad_models" title="List of iPad models">iPads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IOS_version_history" title="IOS version history">iOS history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPadOS_version_history" title="IPadOS version history">iPadOS history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-installed_iOS_apps" class="mw-redirect" title="Pre-installed iOS apps">Apps</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MacOS_version_history" title="MacOS version history">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacOS_Server" class="mw-redirect" title="MacOS Server">Server</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TvOS" title="TvOS">tvOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WatchOS" title="WatchOS">watchOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BridgeOS" title="BridgeOS">bridgeOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darwin_(operating_system)" title="Darwin (operating system)">Darwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classic_Mac_OS" title="Classic Mac OS">Classic Mac OS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VisionOS" title="VisionOS">visionOS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CarPlay" title="CarPlay">CarPlay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classroom_(Apple)" title="Classroom (Apple)">Classroom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HomeKit" class="mw-redirect" title="HomeKit">HomeKit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Core_Foundation" title="Core Foundation">Core Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Developer_Tools" title="Apple Developer Tools">Developer Tools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FileMaker" title="FileMaker">FileMaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Final_Cut_Pro" title="Final Cut Pro">Final Cut Pro</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Final_Cut_Pro_X" class="mw-redirect" title="Final Cut Pro X">X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compressor_(software)" title="Compressor (software)">Compressor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motion_(software)" title="Motion (software)">Motion</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logic_Pro" title="Logic Pro">Logic Pro</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MainStage_(software)" title="MainStage (software)">MainStage</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ILife" title="ILife">iLife</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GarageBand" title="GarageBand">GarageBand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IMovie" title="IMovie">iMovie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPhoto" title="IPhoto">iPhoto</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITunes" title="ITunes">iTunes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IWork" title="IWork">iWork</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Keynote_(presentation_software)" title="Keynote (presentation software)">Keynote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numbers_(spreadsheet)" title="Numbers (spreadsheet)">Numbers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pages_(word_processor)" title="Pages (word processor)">Pages</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Mail" title="Apple Mail">Mail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QuickTime" title="QuickTime">QuickTime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safari_(web_browser)" title="Safari (web browser)">Safari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SceneKit" title="SceneKit">SceneKit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shazam_(music_app)" title="Shazam (music app)">Shazam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siri" title="Siri">Siri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swift_(programming_language)" title="Swift (programming language)">Swift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xcode" title="Xcode">Xcode</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Apple_Inc._services" title="Category:Apple Inc. services">Services</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Financial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Card" title="Apple Card">Card</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Pay" title="Apple Pay">Pay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Wallet" title="Apple Wallet">Wallet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Arcade" title="Apple Arcade">Arcade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Books" title="Apple Books">Books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Music" title="Apple Music">Music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Music_1" title="Apple Music 1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beats_Music" title="Beats Music">Beats Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Music_Up_Next" title="Apple Music Up Next">Up Next</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Music_Festival" title="Apple Music Festival">Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITunes_Radio" title="ITunes Radio">iTunes Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_(app)" title="Music (app)">App</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_News" title="Apple News">News</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Newsstand_(software)" title="Newsstand (software)">Newsstand</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Podcasts" title="Apple Podcasts">Podcasts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_TV_app" title="Apple TV app">TV</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_TV%2B" title="Apple TV+">+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Apple_TV%2B_original_programming" title="List of Apple TV+ original programming">originals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MLS_Season_Pass" title="MLS Season Pass">MLS Season Pass</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Communication</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FaceTime" title="FaceTime">FaceTime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walkie-Talkie_(Apple)" class="mw-redirect" title="Walkie-Talkie (Apple)">Walkie-Talkie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IMessage" title="IMessage">iMessage</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IChat" title="IChat">iChat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messages_(Apple)" title="Messages (Apple)">App</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_Center" title="Game Center">Game Center</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Retail and digital sales</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/App_Store_(Apple)" title="App Store (Apple)">App Store</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mac_App_Store" title="Mac App Store">macOS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITunes_Store" title="ITunes Store">iTunes Store</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ITunes_Connect" title="ITunes Connect">Connect</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Store" title="Apple Store">Store</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Fifth_Avenue" title="Apple Fifth Avenue">Fifth Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Michigan_Avenue" title="Apple Michigan Avenue">Michigan Avenue</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Support</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AppleCare%2B" title="AppleCare+">AppleCare+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Authorized_Service_Provider" title="Apple Authorized Service Provider">AASP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_certification_programs" title="Apple certification programs">Certifications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genius_Bar" title="Genius Bar">Genius Bar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ProCare" title="ProCare">ProCare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_to_One_(Apple)" title="One to One (Apple)">One to One</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Account" title="Apple Account">Apple Account</a> (formerly Apple ID) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sign_in_with_Apple" title="Sign in with Apple">Sign in with Apple</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_One" title="Apple One">One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Developer" title="Apple Developer">Developer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IAd" title="IAd">iAd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TestFlight" title="TestFlight">TestFlight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worldwide_Developers_Conference" title="Worldwide Developers Conference">WWDC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICloud" title="ICloud">iCloud</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MobileMe" title="MobileMe">MobileMe</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Find_My" title="Find My">Find My</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fitness_(Apple)" title="Fitness (Apple)">Fitness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photos_(Apple)" title="Photos (Apple)">Photos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Maps" title="Apple Maps">Maps</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flyover_(Apple_Maps)" title="Flyover (Apple Maps)">Flyover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Look_Around_(Apple)" title="Look Around (Apple)">Look Around</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Companies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Apple_Inc._subsidiaries" title="Category:Apple Inc. subsidiaries">Subsidiaries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anobit" title="Anobit">Anobit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_IMC" title="Apple IMC">Apple IMC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Studios" title="Apple Studios">Apple Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beats_Electronics" title="Beats Electronics">Beats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beddit" title="Beddit">Beddit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braeburn_Capital" title="Braeburn Capital">Braeburn Capital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claris" title="Claris">Claris</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Apple_Inc._acquisitions" title="Category:Apple Inc. acquisitions">Acquisitions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mergers_and_acquisitions_by_Apple" title="List of mergers and acquisitions by Apple">Completed</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anobit" title="Anobit">Anobit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AuthenTec" title="AuthenTec">AuthenTec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beats_Electronics" title="Beats Electronics">Beats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beddit" title="Beddit">Beddit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BIS_Records" title="BIS Records">BIS Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cue_(search_engine)" title="Cue (search engine)">Cue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EditGrid" title="EditGrid">EditGrid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emagic" title="Emagic">Emagic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FingerWorks" title="FingerWorks">FingerWorks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intrinsity" title="Intrinsity">Intrinsity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/InVisage_Technologies" title="InVisage Technologies">InVisage Technologies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Keyboard_Company" title="The Keyboard Company">The Keyboard Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lala_(website)" title="Lala (website)">Lala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metaio" title="Metaio">Metaio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NeXT" title="NeXT">NeXT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nothing_Real" title="Nothing Real">Nothing Real</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P.A._Semi" title="P.A. Semi">P.A. Semi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Computing_Corporation" title="Power Computing Corporation">Power Computing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PrimeSense" title="PrimeSense">PrimeSense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shazam_(music_app)" title="Shazam (music app)">Shazam Entertainment Limited</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siri" title="Siri">Siri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texture_(app)" title="Texture (app)">Texture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topsy_Labs" title="Topsy Labs">Topsy</a></li></ul></li> <li>Potential <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Potential_acquisition_of_Disney_by_Apple" title="Potential acquisition of Disney by Apple">Disney</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Apple_Inc._partnerships" title="Category:Apple Inc. partnerships">Partnerships</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AIM_alliance" title="AIM alliance">AIM alliance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kaleida_Labs" title="Kaleida Labs">Kaleida Labs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taligent" title="Taligent">Taligent</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akamai_Technologies" title="Akamai Technologies">Akamai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arm_Holdings" title="Arm Holdings">Arm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DiDi" title="DiDi">DiDi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Ocean" title="Digital Ocean">Digital Ocean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IFund" title="IFund">iFund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imagination_Technologies" title="Imagination Technologies">Imagination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockstar_Consortium" title="Rockstar Consortium">Rockstar Consortium</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc._advertising" title="Apple Inc. advertising">Advertising</a> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/1984_(advertisement)" title="1984 (advertisement)">1984</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Think_different" title="Think different">Think different</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Get_a_Mac" title="Get a Mac">Get a Mac</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPod_advertising" title="IPod advertising">iPod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Product_Red" title="Product Red">Product Red</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_ecosystem" title="Apple ecosystem">Ecosystem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Apple_Inc._media_events" title="List of Apple Inc. media events">Events</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Apple_Inc." title="Criticism of Apple Inc.">Criticism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_repair" title="Right to repair">Right to repair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple%27s_EU_tax_dispute" title="Apple's EU tax dispute">Tax</a></li></ul></li> <li>Headquarters <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Campus" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple Campus">Campus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Park" title="Apple Park">Park</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_University" title="Apple University">University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc._design_motifs" title="Apple Inc. design motifs">Design</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Industrial_Design_Group" title="Apple Industrial Design Group">IDg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Typography_of_Apple_Inc." title="Typography of Apple Inc.">Typography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Designed_by_Apple_in_California" title="Designed by Apple in California">Book</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Apple_Inc." title="History of Apple Inc.">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Apple_codenames" title="List of Apple codenames">Codenames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_FileWare" title="Apple FileWare">Apple FileWare</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_community" title="Apple community">Community</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AppleMasters" title="AppleMasters">AppleMasters</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litigation_involving_Apple_Inc." title="Litigation involving Apple Inc.">Litigation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Apple_(2024)" title="United States v. Apple (2024)">2024 U.S. antitrust case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc._v._Pepper" title="Apple Inc. v. Pepper">App Store antitrust case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-Tech_Employee_Antitrust_Litigation" title="High-Tech Employee Antitrust Litigation">Non-recruiting agreements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Apple_(2012)" title="United States v. Apple (2012)">Price-fixing ebooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FBI%E2%80%93Apple_encryption_dispute" class="mw-redirect" title="FBI–Apple encryption dispute">FBI encryption dispute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epic_Games_v._Apple" title="Epic Games v. Apple">Epic Games</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IOS_app_approvals" title="IOS app approvals">iOS app approvals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_and_unions" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple and unions">Unions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AppleToo" title="AppleToo">#AppleToo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_depictions_of_Steve_Jobs" title="List of depictions of Steve Jobs">Depictions of Steve Jobs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linux_on_Apple_devices" title="Linux on Apple devices">Linux</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asahi_Linux" title="Asahi Linux">Asahi Linux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPodLinux" title="IPodLinux">iPodLinux</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_car_project" title="Apple car project">Car project</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Apple_Inc._executives" title="Category:Apple Inc. executives">Executives</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Cook" title="Tim Cook">Tim Cook</a> (CEO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Williams_(Apple)" title="Jeff Williams (Apple)">Jeff Williams</a> (COO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevan_Parekh" title="Kevan Parekh">Kevan Parekh</a> (CFO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katherine_L._Adams" class="mw-redirect" title="Katherine L. Adams">Katherine Adams</a> (General Counsel)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddy_Cue" title="Eddy Cue">Eddy Cue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craig_Federighi" title="Craig Federighi">Craig Federighi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabel_Ge_Mahe" title="Isabel Ge Mahe">Isabel Ge Mahe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Giannandrea" title="John Giannandrea">John Giannandrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisa_P._Jackson" title="Lisa P. Jackson">Lisa Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greg_Joswiak" title="Greg Joswiak">Greg Joswiak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabih_Khan" title="Sabih Khan">Sabih Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luca_Maestri" title="Luca Maestri">Luca Maestri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deirdre_O%27Brien" title="Deirdre O'Brien">Deirdre O'Brien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Riccio" title="Dan Riccio">Dan Riccio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phil_Schiller" title="Phil Schiller">Phil Schiller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johny_Srouji" title="Johny Srouji">Johny Srouji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ternus" title="John Ternus">John Ternus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Scott_(Apple)" title="Michael Scott (Apple)">Michael Scott</a> (CEO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Markkula" title="Mike Markkula">Mike Markkula</a> (CEO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sculley" title="John Sculley">John Sculley</a> (CEO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Spindler" title="Michael Spindler">Michael Spindler</a> (CEO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gil_Amelio" title="Gil Amelio">Gil Amelio</a> (CEO)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Steve Jobs</a> (CEO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jony_Ive" title="Jony Ive">Jony Ive</a> (CDO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Ahrendts" title="Angela Ahrendts">Angela Ahrendts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_D._Anderson" title="Fred D. Anderson">Fred D. Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Browett" title="John Browett">John Browett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guerrino_De_Luca" title="Guerrino De Luca">Guerrino De Luca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Deneve" title="Paul Deneve">Paul Deneve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Eisenstat" title="Al Eisenstat">Al Eisenstat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Fadell" title="Tony Fadell">Tony Fadell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Forstall" title="Scott Forstall">Scott Forstall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellen_Hancock" title="Ellen Hancock">Ellen Hancock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_R._Heinen" title="Nancy R. Heinen">Nancy R. Heinen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Johnson_(businessman)" title="Ron Johnson (businessman)">Ron Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Nagel" title="David Nagel">David Nagel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Oppenheimer" title="Peter Oppenheimer">Peter Oppenheimer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Papermaster" title="Mark Papermaster">Mark Papermaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jon_Rubinstein" title="Jon Rubinstein">Jon Rubinstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Serlet" title="Bertrand Serlet">Bertrand Serlet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Sewell" title="Bruce Sewell">Bruce Sewell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sina_Tamaddon" title="Sina Tamaddon">Sina Tamaddon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avie_Tevanian" title="Avie Tevanian">Avie Tevanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Wozniak" title="Steve Wozniak">Steve Wozniak</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Directors_of_Apple_Inc." title="Category:Directors of Apple Inc.">Board of directors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_D._Levinson" title="Arthur D. Levinson">Arthur D. Levinson</a> (Chairman)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Cook" title="Tim Cook">Tim Cook</a> (CEO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_A._Bell" title="James A. Bell">James A. Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Gorsky" title="Alex Gorsky">Alex Gorsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrea_Jung" title="Andrea Jung">Andrea Jung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Sugar" title="Ronald Sugar">Ronald D. Sugar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Wagner" title="Susan Wagner">Susan L. Wagner</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Markkula" title="Mike Markkula">Mike Markkula</a> (Chairman)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sculley" title="John Sculley">John Sculley</a> (Chairman)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Steve Jobs</a> (Chairman)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gil_Amelio" title="Gil Amelio">Gil Amelio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_D._Anderson" title="Fred D. Anderson">Fred D. Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Campbell_(business_executive)" title="Bill Campbell (business executive)">Bill Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mickey_Drexler" title="Mickey Drexler">Mickey Drexler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Eisenstat" title="Al Eisenstat">Al Eisenstat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Ellison" title="Larry Ellison">Larry Ellison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Al Gore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Iger" title="Bob Iger">Robert A. Iger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delano_Lewis" title="Delano Lewis">Delano Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Rock" title="Arthur Rock">Arthur Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Schmidt" title="Eric Schmidt">Eric Schmidt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Scott_(Apple)" title="Michael Scott (Apple)">Michael Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Spindler" title="Michael Spindler">Michael Spindler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_S._Woolard_Jr." title="Edgar S. Woolard Jr.">Edgar S. Woolard Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_York_(businessman)" title="Jerry York (businessman)">Jerry York</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Founders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Steve Jobs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Wozniak" title="Steve Wozniak">Steve Wozniak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Wayne" title="Ronald Wayne">Ronald Wayne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>Italics indicate discontinued products, services, or defunct companies.</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Apple_Inc." title="Category:Apple Inc.">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Key_figures_in_the_history_of_Apple_Inc.95" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Apple_celeb" title="Template:Apple celeb"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Apple_celeb" title="Template talk:Apple celeb"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Apple_celeb" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Apple celeb"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Key_figures_in_the_history_of_Apple_Inc.95" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Key figures in the <a href="/wiki/History_of_Apple_Inc." title="History of Apple Inc.">history of Apple Inc.</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Founders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Steve Jobs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Wozniak" title="Steve Wozniak">Steve Wozniak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Wayne" title="Ronald Wayne">Ronald Wayne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">CEOs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Scott_(Apple)" title="Michael Scott (Apple)">Michael Scott</a> (1977–1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Markkula" title="Mike Markkula">Mike Markkula</a> (1981–1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sculley" title="John Sculley">John Sculley</a> (1983–1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Spindler" title="Michael Spindler">Michael Spindler</a> (1993–1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gil_Amelio" title="Gil Amelio">Gil Amelio</a> (1996–1997)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Steve Jobs</a> (1997–2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Cook" title="Tim Cook">Tim Cook</a> (2011–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current employees</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Katherine_L._Adams" class="mw-redirect" title="Katherine L. Adams">Katherine L. Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Cook" title="Tim Cook">Tim Cook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddy_Cue" title="Eddy Cue">Eddy Cue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Espinosa" title="Chris Espinosa">Chris Espinosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craig_Federighi" title="Craig Federighi">Craig Federighi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominic_Giampaolo" title="Dominic Giampaolo">Dominic Giampaolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Giannandrea" title="John Giannandrea">John Giannandrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisa_P._Jackson" title="Lisa P. Jackson">Lisa P. Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greg_Joswiak" title="Greg Joswiak">Greg Joswiak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luca_Maestri" title="Luca Maestri">Luca Maestri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Mansfield" title="Bob Mansfield">Bob Mansfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Riccio" title="Dan Riccio">Dan Riccio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phil_Schiller" title="Phil Schiller">Phil Schiller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johny_Srouji" title="Johny Srouji">Johny Srouji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ternus" title="John Ternus">John Ternus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bud_Tribble" title="Bud Tribble">Bud Tribble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Williams_(Apple)" title="Jeff Williams (Apple)">Jeff Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Wozniak" title="Steve Wozniak">Steve Wozniak</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former employees</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gil_Amelio" title="Gil Amelio">Gil Amelio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Ahrendts" title="Angela Ahrendts">Angela Ahrendts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_D._Anderson" title="Fred D. Anderson">Fred D. Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Atkinson" title="Bill Atkinson">Bill Atkinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Barnes_(computing)" title="Susan Barnes (computing)">Susan Barnes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrisann_Brennan" title="Chrisann Brennan">Chrisann Brennan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Capps" title="Steve Capps">Steve Capps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satjiv_S._Chahil" title="Satjiv S. Chahil">Satjiv S. Chahil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Crow" title="George Crow">George Crow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Fadell" title="Tony Fadell">Tony Fadell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Fernandez" title="Bill Fernandez">Bill Fernandez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Forstall" title="Scott Forstall">Scott Forstall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Louis_Gass%C3%A9e" title="Jean-Louis Gassée">Jean-Louis Gassée</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellen_Hancock" title="Ellen Hancock">Ellen Hancock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_R._Heinen" title="Nancy R. Heinen">Nancy R. Heinen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andy_Hertzfeld" title="Andy Hertzfeld">Andy Hertzfeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joanna_Hoffman" title="Joanna Hoffman">Joanna Hoffman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rod_Holt" title="Rod Holt">Rod Holt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Horn" title="Bruce Horn">Bruce Horn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jony_Ive" title="Jony Ive">Jony Ive</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Steve Jobs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Johnson_(businessman)" title="Ron Johnson (businessman)">Ron Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Kare" title="Susan Kare">Susan Kare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guy_Kawasaki" title="Guy Kawasaki">Guy Kawasaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Kay" title="Alan Kay">Alan Kay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Kottke" title="Daniel Kottke">Daniel Kottke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Lattner" title="Chris Lattner">Chris Lattner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guerrino_De_Luca" title="Guerrino De Luca">Guerrino De Luca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Markkula" title="Mike Markkula">Mike Markkula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Nagel" title="David Nagel">David Nagel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ike_Nassi" title="Ike Nassi">Ike Nassi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Norman" title="Don Norman">Don Norman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Oppenheimer" title="Peter Oppenheimer">Peter Oppenheimer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rich_Page" title="Rich Page">Rich Page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Papermaster" title="Mark Papermaster">Mark Papermaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jef_Raskin" title="Jef Raskin">Jef Raskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jon_Rubinstein" title="Jon Rubinstein">Jon Rubinstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Scott_(Apple)" title="Michael Scott (Apple)">Michael Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sculley" title="John Sculley">John Sculley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Serlet" title="Bertrand Serlet">Bertrand Serlet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Sewell" title="Bruce Sewell">Bruce Sewell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burrell_Smith" title="Burrell Smith">Burrell Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Spindler" title="Michael Spindler">Michael Spindler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sina_Tamaddon" title="Sina Tamaddon">Sina Tamaddon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Tesler" title="Larry Tesler">Larry Tesler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avie_Tevanian" title="Avie Tevanian">Avie Tevanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Wayne" title="Ronald Wayne">Ronald Wayne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Del_Yocam" title="Del Yocam">Del Yocam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Original_Macintosh_developer_team81" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Original_Macintosh_developer_team" title="Template:Original Macintosh developer team"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Original_Macintosh_developer_team" title="Template talk:Original Macintosh developer team"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Original_Macintosh_developer_team" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Original Macintosh developer team"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Original_Macintosh_developer_team81" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Mac_(computer)#1979–1996:_"Macintosh"_era" title="Mac (computer)">Original Macintosh developer team</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Atkinson" title="Bill Atkinson">Bill Atkinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Capps" title="Steve Capps">Steve Capps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Crow" title="George Crow">George Crow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Espinosa" title="Chris Espinosa">Chris Espinosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andy_Hertzfeld" title="Andy Hertzfeld">Andy Hertzfeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joanna_Hoffman" title="Joanna Hoffman">Joanna Hoffman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Horn" title="Bruce Horn">Bruce Horn</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Steve Jobs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Kare" title="Susan Kare">Susan Kare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jef_Raskin" title="Jef Raskin">Jef Raskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burrell_Smith" title="Burrell Smith">Burrell Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bud_Tribble" title="Bud Tribble">Bud Tribble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Wozniak" title="Steve Wozniak">Steve Wozniak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randy_Wigginton" title="Randy Wigginton">Randy Wigginton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="NeXT290" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:NeXT_Computer" title="Template:NeXT Computer"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:NeXT_Computer" title="Template talk:NeXT Computer"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:NeXT_Computer" title="Special:EditPage/Template:NeXT Computer"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="NeXT290" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/NeXT" title="NeXT">NeXT</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Corporate directors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Steve Jobs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ross_Perot" title="Ross Perot">Ross Perot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Patrick_Crecine" title="John Patrick Crecine">John Patrick Crecine</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/NeXT_logo.svg/70px-NeXT_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/NeXT_logo.svg/105px-NeXT_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/NeXT_logo.svg/140px-NeXT_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="624" /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Team members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Barnes_(computing)" title="Susan Barnes (computing)">Susan Barnes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Crow" title="George Crow">George Crow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joanna_Hoffman" title="Joanna Hoffman">Joanna Hoffman</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Steve Jobs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Kare" title="Susan Kare">Susan Kare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rich_Page" title="Rich Page">Rich Page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bud_Tribble" title="Bud Tribble">Bud Tribble</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hardware products</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NeXT_Computer" title="NeXT Computer">NeXT Computer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NeXTcube" title="NeXTcube">NeXTcube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NeXTcube_Turbo" title="NeXTcube Turbo">NeXTcube Turbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NeXTstation" title="NeXTstation">NeXTstation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NeXTdimension" title="NeXTdimension">NeXTdimension</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NeXT_MegaPixel_Display" title="NeXT MegaPixel Display">NeXT MegaPixel Display</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NeXT_Laser_Printer" title="NeXT Laser Printer">NeXT Laser Printer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Software products</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NeXTSTEP" title="NeXTSTEP">NeXTSTEP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenStep" title="OpenStep">OpenStep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebObjects" title="WebObjects">WebObjects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interface_Builder" title="Interface Builder">Interface Builder</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:NeXT" title="Category:NeXT">Category</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:NeXT" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:NeXT">Commons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pixar_Animation_Studios787" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Pixar" title="Template:Pixar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Pixar" title="Template talk:Pixar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Pixar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Pixar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pixar_Animation_Studios787" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Pixar" title="Pixar">Pixar Animation Studios</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>A subsidiary of <a href="/wiki/Walt_Disney_Studios_(division)" title="Walt Disney Studios (division)">Walt Disney Studios</a>, a division of <a href="/wiki/The_Walt_Disney_Company" title="The Walt Disney Company">The Walt Disney Company</a>.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Pixar_films" title="List of Pixar films">Feature films</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Toy_Story" title="Toy Story">Toy Story</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Bug%27s_Life" title="A Bug's Life">A Bug's Life</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toy_Story_2" title="Toy Story 2">Toy Story 2</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monsters,_Inc." title="Monsters, Inc.">Monsters, Inc.</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finding_Nemo" title="Finding Nemo">Finding Nemo</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Incredibles" title="The Incredibles">The Incredibles</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cars_(film)" title="Cars (film)">Cars</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratatouille_(film)" title="Ratatouille (film)">Ratatouille</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/WALL-E" title="WALL-E">WALL-E</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Up_(2009_film)" title="Up (2009 film)">Up</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toy_Story_3" title="Toy Story 3">Toy Story 3</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cars_2" title="Cars 2">Cars 2</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brave_(2012_film)" title="Brave (2012 film)">Brave</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monsters_University" title="Monsters University">Monsters University</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inside_Out_(2015_film)" title="Inside Out (2015 film)">Inside Out</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Good_Dinosaur" title="The Good Dinosaur">The Good Dinosaur</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finding_Dory" title="Finding Dory">Finding Dory</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cars_3" title="Cars 3">Cars 3</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coco_(2017_film)" title="Coco (2017 film)">Coco</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incredibles_2" title="Incredibles 2">Incredibles 2</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toy_Story_4" title="Toy Story 4">Toy Story 4</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onward_(film)" title="Onward (film)">Onward</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soul_(2020_film)" title="Soul (2020 film)">Soul</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luca_(2021_film)" title="Luca (2021 film)">Luca</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turning_Red" title="Turning Red">Turning Red</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lightyear_(film)" title="Lightyear (film)">Lightyear</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elemental_(2023_film)" title="Elemental (2023 film)">Elemental</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inside_Out_2" title="Inside Out 2">Inside Out 2</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Upcoming8" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Upcoming</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elio_(film)" title="Elio (film)">Elio</a> (2025)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toy_Story_5" title="Toy Story 5">Toy Story 5</a> (2026)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Pixar_shorts" title="List of Pixar shorts">Short films</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Original</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Adventures_of_Andr%C3%A9_%26_Wally_B." title="The Adventures of André & Wally B.">The Adventures of André & Wally B.</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxo_Jr." title="Luxo Jr.">Luxo Jr.</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red%27s_Dream" title="Red's Dream">Red's Dream</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tin_Toy" title="Tin Toy">Tin Toy</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knick_Knack" title="Knick Knack">Knick Knack</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geri%27s_Game" title="Geri's Game">Geri's Game</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/For_the_Birds_(film)" title="For the Birds (film)">For the Birds</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boundin%27" title="Boundin'">Boundin'</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_Man_Band_(film)" title="One Man Band (film)">One Man Band</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lifted_(2006_film)" title="Lifted (2006 film)">Lifted</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presto_(film)" title="Presto (film)">Presto</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partly_Cloudy" title="Partly Cloudy">Partly Cloudy</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Day_%26_Night_(2010_film)" title="Day & Night (2010 film)">Day & Night</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Luna_(2011_film)" title="La Luna (2011 film)">La Luna</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Blue_Umbrella_(2013_film)" title="The Blue Umbrella (2013 film)">The Blue Umbrella</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lava_(2014_film)" title="Lava (2014 film)">Lava</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanjay%27s_Super_Team" title="Sanjay's Super Team">Sanjay's Super Team</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piper_(film)" title="Piper (film)">Piper</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lou_(2017_film)" title="Lou (2017 film)">Lou</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bao_(film)" title="Bao (film)">Bao</a> (2018)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/SparkShorts" title="SparkShorts">SparkShorts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Purl_(film)" title="Purl (film)">Purl</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smash_and_Grab_(2019_film)" title="Smash and Grab (2019 film)">Smash and Grab</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitbull" title="Kitbull">Kitbull</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Float_(2019_film)" title="Float (2019 film)">Float</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_(2019_film)" title="Wind (2019 film)">Wind</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loop_(2020_film)" title="Loop (2020 film)">Loop</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Out_(2020_film)" title="Out (2020 film)">Out</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burrow_(film)" title="Burrow (film)">Burrow</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twenty_Something_(2021_film)" title="Twenty Something (2021 film)">Twenty Something</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nona_(2021_film)" title="Nona (2021 film)">Nona</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self_(film)" title="Self (film)">Self</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Feature-related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mike%27s_New_Car" title="Mike's New Car">Mike's New Car</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack-Jack_Attack" title="Jack-Jack Attack">Jack-Jack Attack</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mr._Incredible_and_Pals" title="Mr. Incredible and Pals">Mr. Incredible and Pals</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mater_and_the_Ghostlight" title="Mater and the Ghostlight">Mater and the Ghostlight</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Your_Friend_the_Rat" title="Your Friend the Rat">Your Friend the Rat</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BURN-E" title="BURN-E">BURN-E</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dug%27s_Special_Mission" title="Dug's Special Mission">Dug's Special Mission</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_and_A.J." title="George and A.J.">George and A.J.</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Legend_of_Mor%27du" title="The Legend of Mor'du">The Legend of Mor'du</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_Central" title="Party Central">Party Central</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riley%27s_First_Date%3F" title="Riley's First Date?">Riley's First Date?</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/22_vs._Earth" title="22 vs. Earth">22 vs. Earth</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciao_Alberto" title="Ciao Alberto">Ciao Alberto</a> (2021)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Series</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cars_Toons" title="Cars Toons">Cars Toons</a> (2008–14)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toy_Story_Toons" title="Toy Story Toons">Toy Story Toons</a> (2011–12)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forky_Asks_a_Question" title="Forky Asks a Question">Forky Asks a Question</a> (2019–20)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dug_Days" title="Dug Days">Dug Days</a> (2021–23) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carl%27s_Date" title="Carl's Date">Carl's Date</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cars_on_the_Road" title="Cars on the Road">Cars on the Road</a> (2022)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Compilations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tiny_Toy_Stories" title="Tiny Toy Stories">Tiny Toy Stories</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixar_Short_Films_Collection,_Volume_1" title="Pixar Short Films Collection, Volume 1">Pixar Short Films Collection, Volume 1</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixar_Short_Films_Collection,_Volume_2" title="Pixar Short Films Collection, Volume 2">Pixar Short Films Collection, Volume 2</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixar_Short_Films_Collection,_Volume_3" title="Pixar Short Films Collection, Volume 3">Pixar Short Films Collection, Volume 3</a> (2018)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beach_Chair_(film_test)" title="Beach Chair (film test)">Beach Chair</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flags_and_Waves" title="Flags and Waves">Flags and Waves</a> (1986)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Pixar_television_series" title="List of Pixar television series">Limited streaming series</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dream_Productions" title="Dream Productions">Dream Productions</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Upcoming8" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Upcoming</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Win_or_Lose_(TV_series)" title="Win or Lose (TV series)">Win or Lose</a> (2025)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Television specials</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Toy_Story_of_Terror!" title="Toy Story of Terror!">Toy Story of Terror!</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toy_Story_That_Time_Forgot" title="Toy Story That Time Forgot">Toy Story That Time Forgot</a> (2014)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Franchises</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Toy_Story_(franchise)" title="Toy Story (franchise)">Toy Story</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monsters,_Inc._(franchise)" title="Monsters, Inc. (franchise)">Monsters, Inc.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finding_Nemo_(franchise)" title="Finding Nemo (franchise)">Finding Nemo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Incredibles_(franchise)" title="The Incredibles (franchise)">The Incredibles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cars_(franchise)" title="Cars (franchise)">Cars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inside_Out_(franchise)" title="Inside Out (franchise)">Inside Out</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Associated productions</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buzz_Lightyear_of_Star_Command:_The_Adventure_Begins" title="Buzz Lightyear of Star Command: The Adventure Begins">Buzz Lightyear of Star Command: The Adventure Begins</a> (2000; direct-to-video film)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buzz_Lightyear_of_Star_Command" title="Buzz Lightyear of Star Command">Buzz Lightyear of Star Command</a> (2000–01; television series)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exploring_the_Reef_with_Jean-Michel_Cousteau" title="Exploring the Reef with Jean-Michel Cousteau">Exploring the Reef</a> (2003; short film)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planes_(film)" title="Planes (film)">Planes</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Dam_Keeper" title="The Dam Keeper">The Dam Keeper</a> (2014; short film)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planes:_Fire_%26_Rescue" title="Planes: Fire & Rescue">Planes: Fire & Rescue</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borrowed_Time_(film)" title="Borrowed Time (film)">Borrowed Time</a> (2016; short film)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weekends_(2017_film)" title="Weekends (2017 film)">Weekends</a> (2017; short film)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monsters_at_Work" title="Monsters at Work">Monsters at Work</a> (2021–present; television series)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starling_(film)" title="Starling (film)">Starling</a> (2023; short film)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Characters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luxo_Jr._(character)" title="Luxo Jr. (character)">Luxo Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Toy_Story_characters" title="List of Toy Story characters">Toy Story</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Woody_(Toy_Story)" title="Woody (Toy Story)">Woody</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buzz_Lightyear" title="Buzz Lightyear">Buzz Lightyear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jessie_(Toy_Story)" title="Jessie (Toy Story)">Jessie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bo_Peep_(Toy_Story)" title="Bo Peep (Toy Story)">Bo Peep</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Monsters,_Inc._characters" title="List of Monsters, Inc. characters">Monsters, Inc.</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Wazowski" title="Mike Wazowski">Mike Wazowski</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dory_(Finding_Nemo)" title="Dory (Finding Nemo)">Dory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_The_Incredibles_characters" title="List of The Incredibles characters">The Incredibles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mr._Incredible" title="Mr. Incredible">Bob Parr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elastigirl" title="Elastigirl">Helen Parr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dash_Parr" title="Dash Parr">Dash Parr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violet_Parr" title="Violet Parr">Violet Parr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edna_Mode" title="Edna Mode">Edna Mode</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Cars_characters" title="List of Cars characters">Cars</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lightning_McQueen" title="Lightning McQueen">Lightning McQueen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tow_Mater" title="Tow Mater">Tow Mater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sally_Carrera" title="Sally Carrera">Sally Carrera</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WALL-E_(character)" title="WALL-E (character)">WALL-E</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merida_(Brave)" title="Merida (Brave)">Merida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joy_(Inside_Out)" title="Joy (Inside Out)">Joy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Documentaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Pixar_Story" title="The Pixar Story">The Pixar Story</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Spark_Story" title="A Spark Story">A Spark Story</a> (2021)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Disney attractions and experiences</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/It%27s_Tough_to_Be_a_Bug!" title="It's Tough to Be a Bug!">It's Tough to Be a Bug!</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buzz_Lightyear%27s_Space_Ranger_Spin" title="Buzz Lightyear's Space Ranger Spin">Buzz Lightyear's Space Ranger Spin</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Bug%27s_Land" title="A Bug's Land">A Bug's Land</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turtle_Talk_with_Crush" title="Turtle Talk with Crush">Turtle Talk with Crush</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Seas_with_Nemo_%26_Friends" title="The Seas with Nemo & Friends">The Seas with Nemo & Friends</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cars_Quatre_Roues_Rallye" title="Cars Quatre Roues Rallye">Cars Quatre Roues Rallye</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crush%27s_Coaster" title="Crush's Coaster">Crush's Coaster</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finding_Nemo_Submarine_Voyage" title="Finding Nemo Submarine Voyage">Finding Nemo Submarine Voyage</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toy_Story_Mania!" title="Toy Story Mania!">Toy Story Mania!</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monsters,_Inc._Ride_%26_Go_Seek" title="Monsters, Inc. Ride & Go Seek">Monsters, Inc. Ride & Go Seek</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toy_Story_Land" title="Toy Story Land">Toy Story Land</a> (2010) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RC_Racer" title="RC Racer">RC Racer</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slinky_Dog_Zigzag_Spin" title="Slinky Dog Zigzag Spin">Slinky Dog Zigzag Spin</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toy_Soldiers_Parachute_Drop" title="Toy Soldiers Parachute Drop">Toy Soldiers Parachute Drop</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alien_Swirling_Saucers" title="Alien Swirling Saucers">Alien Swirling Saucers</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slinky_Dog_Dash" title="Slinky Dog Dash">Slinky Dog Dash</a> (2018)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cars_Land" title="Cars Land">Cars Land</a> (2012) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luigi%27s_Flying_Tires" title="Luigi's Flying Tires">Luigi's Flying Tires</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiator_Springs_Racers" title="Radiator Springs Racers">Radiator Springs Racers</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi%27s_Rollickin%27_Roadsters" title="Luigi's Rollickin' Roadsters">Luigi's Rollickin' Roadsters</a> (2016)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remy%27s_Ratatouille_Adventure" title="Remy's Ratatouille Adventure">Remy's Ratatouille Adventure</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemo_%26_Friends_SeaRider" title="Nemo & Friends SeaRider">Nemo & Friends SeaRider</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixar_Pier" title="Pixar Pier">Pixar Pier</a> (2018) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Games_of_Pixar_Pier" title="Games of Pixar Pier">Games of Pixar Pier</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incredicoaster" title="Incredicoaster">Incredicoaster</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixar_Pal-A-Round" title="Pixar Pal-A-Round">Pixar Pal-A-Round</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jessie%27s_Critter_Carousel" title="Jessie's Critter Carousel">Jessie's Critter Carousel</a> (2019)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lightning_McQueen%27s_Racing_Academy" title="Lightning McQueen's Racing Academy">Lightning McQueen's Racing Academy</a> (2019)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Products</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pixar_Image_Computer" title="Pixar Image Computer">Pixar Image Computer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Software</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pixar_RenderMan" title="Pixar RenderMan">RenderMan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presto_(animation_software)" title="Presto (animation software)">Presto Animation System</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Pixar_staff" title="List of Pixar staff">People</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Lasseter" title="John Lasseter">John Lasseter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Catmull" title="Edwin Catmull">Edwin Catmull</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Steve Jobs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alvy_Ray_Smith" title="Alvy Ray Smith">Alvy Ray Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Morris_(film_producer)" title="Jim Morris (film producer)">Jim Morris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pete_Docter" title="Pete Docter">Pete Docter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Pixar_awards_and_nominations" title="List of Pixar awards and nominations">Awards and nominations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Pixar_awards_and_nominations_(feature_films)" title="List of Pixar awards and nominations (feature films)">feature films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Pixar_awards_and_nominations_(short_films)" title="List of Pixar awards and nominations (short films)">short films</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Pixar_film_references" title="List of Pixar film references">Film references</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Institute_of_Technology_Computer_Graphics_Lab" title="New York Institute of Technology Computer Graphics Lab">Computer Graphics Lab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_Light_%26_Magic" title="Industrial Light & Magic">Industrial Light & Magic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucasfilm_Animation" title="Lucasfilm Animation">Lucasfilm Animation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circle_Seven_Animation" title="Circle Seven Animation">Circle Seven Animation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixar_Canada" title="Pixar Canada">Pixar Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixar_Photoscience_Team" title="Pixar Photoscience Team">Pixar Photoscience Team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_Animation_Production_System" title="Computer Animation Production System">Computer Animation Production System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Computer_Animated_Hand" title="A Computer Animated Hand">A Computer Animated Hand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Works_(film)" title="The Works (film)">The Works</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Shadow_King_(film)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Shadow King (film)">The Shadow King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rush:_A_Disney%E2%80%93Pixar_Adventure" title="Rush: A Disney–Pixar Adventure">Rush: A Disney–Pixar Adventure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disney_Infinity" title="Disney Infinity">Disney Infinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortnite" title="Fortnite">Fortnite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_Hearts_III" title="Kingdom Hearts III">Kingdom Hearts III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walt_Disney_Animation_Studios" title="Walt Disney Animation Studios">Walt Disney Animation Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disneytoon_Studios" title="Disneytoon Studios">Disneytoon Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20th_Century_Animation" title="20th Century Animation">20th Century Animation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Pixar" title="Category:Pixar">Category</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/72/Symbol_project_class.svg/16px-Symbol_project_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/72/Symbol_project_class.svg/23px-Symbol_project_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/72/Symbol_project_class.svg/31px-Symbol_project_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Animation/Pixar_work_group" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Animation/Pixar work group">Work group</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Disney_Legends_Awards_(2010s)425" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Disney_Legends_Awards_2010s" title="Template:Disney Legends Awards 2010s"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Disney_Legends_Awards_2010s" title="Template talk:Disney Legends Awards 2010s"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Disney_Legends_Awards_2010s" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Disney Legends Awards 2010s"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Disney_Legends_Awards_(2010s)425" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Disney_Legends" title="Disney Legends">Disney Legends Awards</a> (2010s)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2011</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jodi_Benson" title="Jodi Benson">Jodi Benson</a></li> <li>Barton "Bo" Boyd*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Henson" title="Jim Henson">Jim Henson</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linda_Larkin" title="Linda Larkin">Linda Larkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paige_O%27Hara" title="Paige O'Hara">Paige O'Hara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regis_Philbin" title="Regis Philbin">Regis Philbin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anika_Noni_Rose" title="Anika Noni Rose">Anika Noni Rose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lea_Salonga" title="Lea Salonga">Lea Salonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Watson" title="Raymond Watson">Raymond Watson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guy_Williams_(actor)" title="Guy Williams (actor)">Guy Williams</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonita_Granville" title="Bonita Granville">Bonita Granville Wrather</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Wrather" title="Jack Wrather">Jack Wrather</a>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2013</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Baxter" title="Tony Baxter">Tony Baxter</a></li> <li>Collin Campbell</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Clark" title="Dick Clark">Dick Clark</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Crystal" title="Billy Crystal">Billy Crystal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Goodman" title="John Goodman">John Goodman</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Steve Jobs</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glen_Keane" title="Glen Keane">Glen Keane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Wynn" title="Ed Wynn">Ed Wynn</a>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2015</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Bodenheimer" title="George Bodenheimer">George Bodenheimer</a></li> <li>Julie Reihm Casaletto</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andreas_Deja" title="Andreas Deja">Andreas Deja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Depp" title="Johnny Depp">Johnny Depp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eyvind_Earle" title="Eyvind Earle">Eyvind Earle</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danny_Elfman" title="Danny Elfman">Danny Elfman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Lucci" title="Susan Lucci">Susan Lucci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Lucas" title="George Lucas">George Lucas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carson_Van_Osten" title="Carson Van Osten">Carson Van Osten</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2017</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clyde_Geronimi" title="Clyde Geronimi">Clyde Geronimi</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whoopi_Goldberg" title="Whoopi Goldberg">Whoopi Goldberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Gonzales" title="Manuel Gonzales">Manuel Gonzales</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrie_Fisher" title="Carrie Fisher">Carrie Fisher</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Hamill" title="Mark Hamill">Mark Hamill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Kirby" title="Jack Kirby">Jack Kirby</a>*</li> <li>Wayne Jackson</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stan_Lee" title="Stan Lee">Stan Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garry_Marshall" title="Garry Marshall">Garry Marshall</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julie_Taymor" title="Julie Taymor">Julie Taymor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey" title="Oprah Winfrey">Oprah Winfrey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2019</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christina_Aguilera" title="Christina Aguilera">Christina Aguilera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wing_T._Chao" title="Wing T. Chao">Wing T. Chao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Downey_Jr." title="Robert Downey Jr.">Robert Downey Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jon_Favreau" title="Jon Favreau">Jon Favreau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Earl_Jones" title="James Earl Jones">James Earl Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bette_Midler" title="Bette Midler">Bette Midler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenny_Ortega" title="Kenny Ortega">Kenny Ortega</a></li> <li>Barnette Ricci</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robin_Roberts_(newscaster)" title="Robin Roberts (newscaster)">Robin Roberts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diane_Sawyer" title="Diane Sawyer">Diane Sawyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ming-Na_Wen" title="Ming-Na Wen">Ming-Na Wen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Zimmer" title="Hans Zimmer">Hans Zimmer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>* Awarded posthumously <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disney_Legends" title="Disney Legends">Complete list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Disney_Legends_Awards_1980s" title="Template:Disney Legends Awards 1980s">1980s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Disney_Legends_Awards_1990s" title="Template:Disney Legends Awards 1990s">1990s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Disney_Legends_Awards_2000s" title="Template:Disney Legends Awards 2000s">2000s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Disney_Legends_Awards_2010s" title="Template:Disney Legends Awards 2010s">2010s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Disney_Legends_Awards_2020s" title="Template:Disney Legends Awards 2020s">2020s</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19837#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata4090" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19837#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata4090" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19837#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000078613326">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/84237107">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1774553/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJcc8fqDQvQtdRFgbRw6Kd">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118868284">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n87883336">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12154091r">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12154091r">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00620888">Japan</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/TO0V653584">Italy</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an49863558">Australia</a><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an48380231">2</a></li></ul></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=js20050718011&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX5098457">Spain</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/1326358">Portugal</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p071962301">Netherlands</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/5081107">Norway</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000168898&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000550006&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bncatalogo.cl/F?func=direct&local_base=red10&doc_number=000762235">Chile</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=261112">Greece</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogo.bn.gov.ar/F/?func=direct&local_base=BNA10&doc_number=000025943">Argentina</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC200806627">Korea</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/pm14926743ggmjm">Sweden</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810625612005606">Poland</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007463142405171">Israel</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058510027506706">Catalonia</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA17359034?l=en">CiNii</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500333099">ULAN</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/85fe4494-c134-44dd-ba92-7e7cd6eff3e4">MusicBrainz</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.moma.org/artists/7401">Museum of Modern Art</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1480304">Trove</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118868284">DDB</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/03004460X">IdRef</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w64t785j">SNAC</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Steve_Jobs&oldid=1276084268">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Steve_Jobs&oldid=1276084268</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Steve_Jobs" title="Category:Steve Jobs">Steve Jobs</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1955_births" title="Category:1955 births">1955 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2011_deaths" title="Category:2011 deaths">2011 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_American_Buddhists" title="Category:20th-century American Buddhists">20th-century American Buddhists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_American_businesspeople" title="Category:20th-century American businesspeople">20th-century American businesspeople</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_American_inventors" title="Category:20th-century American inventors">20th-century American inventors</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:21st-century_American_Buddhists" title="Category:21st-century American Buddhists">21st-century American Buddhists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:21st-century_American_businesspeople" title="Category:21st-century American businesspeople">21st-century American businesspeople</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:21st-century_American_inventors" title="Category:21st-century American inventors">21st-century American inventors</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_adoptees" title="Category:American adoptees">American adoptees</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_animated_film_producers" title="Category:American animated film producers">American animated film producers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_billionaires" title="Category:American billionaires">American billionaires</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_chairpersons_of_corporations" title="Category:American chairpersons of corporations">American chairpersons of corporations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_computer_businesspeople" title="Category:American computer businesspeople">American computer businesspeople</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_film_studio_executives" title="Category:American film studio executives">American film studio executives</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_financiers" title="Category:American financiers">American financiers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_industrial_designers" title="Category:American industrial designers">American industrial designers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_investors" title="Category:American investors">American investors</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_mass_media_owners" title="Category:American mass media owners">American mass media owners</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_people_of_German_descent" title="Category:American people of German descent">American people of German descent</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_people_of_Swiss_descent" title="Category:American people of Swiss descent">American people of Swiss descent</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_people_of_Swiss-German_descent" title="Category:American people of Swiss-German descent">American people of Swiss-German descent</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_people_of_Syrian_descent" title="Category:American people of Syrian descent">American people of Syrian descent</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_psychedelic_drug_advocates" title="Category:American psychedelic drug advocates">American psychedelic drug advocates</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_technology_chief_executives" title="Category:American technology chief executives">American technology chief executives</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_technology_company_founders" title="Category:American technology company founders">American technology company founders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_Zen_Buddhists" title="Category:American Zen Buddhists">American Zen Buddhists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Atari_people" title="Category:Atari people">Atari people</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Businesspeople_from_Palo_Alto,_California" title="Category:Businesspeople from Palo Alto, California">Businesspeople from Palo Alto, California</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Businesspeople_from_San_Francisco" title="Category:Businesspeople from San Francisco">Businesspeople from San Francisco</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Businesspeople_in_software" title="Category:Businesspeople in software">Businesspeople in software</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Computer_designers" title="Category:Computer designers">Computer designers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Deaths_from_pancreatic_cancer_in_California" title="Category:Deaths from pancreatic cancer in California">Deaths from pancreatic cancer in California</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Directors_of_Apple_Inc." title="Category:Directors of Apple Inc.">Directors of Apple Inc.</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Directors_of_The_Walt_Disney_Company" title="Category:Directors of The Walt Disney Company">Directors of The Walt Disney Company</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Disney_executives" title="Category:Disney executives">Disney executives</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Film_producers_from_California" title="Category:Film producers from California">Film producers from California</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Gap_Inc._people" title="Category:Gap Inc. people">Gap Inc. people</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Homestead_High_School_(California)_alumni" title="Category:Homestead High School (California) alumni">Homestead High School (California) alumni</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Internet_pioneers" title="Category:Internet pioneers">Internet pioneers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Inventors_from_California" title="Category:Inventors from California">Inventors from California</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Liver_transplant_recipients" title="Category:Liver transplant recipients">Liver transplant recipients</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mass_media_people_from_San_Francisco" title="Category:Mass media people from San Francisco">Mass media people from San Francisco</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:National_Medal_of_Technology_recipients" title="Category:National Medal of Technology recipients">National Medal of Technology recipients</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:NeXT_people" title="Category:NeXT people">NeXT people</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Cupertino,_California" title="Category:People from Cupertino, California">People from Cupertino, California</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Los_Altos,_California" title="Category:People from Los Altos, California">People from Los Altos, California</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Mountain_View,_California" title="Category:People from Mountain View, California">People from Mountain View, California</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Personal_computing" title="Category:Personal computing">Personal computing</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Philanthropists_from_California" title="Category:Philanthropists from California">Philanthropists from California</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pixar_people" title="Category:Pixar people">Pixar people</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom_recipients" title="Category:Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients">Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Spokespersons" title="Category:Spokespersons">Spokespersons</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Technicians" title="Category:Technicians">Technicians</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_non-numeric_formatnum_arguments" title="Category:Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments">Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Italian-language_sources_(it)" title="Category:CS1 Italian-language sources (it)">CS1 Italian-language sources (it)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_April_2017" title="Category:Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from April 2017">Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from April 2017</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_indefinitely_semi-protected_pages" title="Category:Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages">Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_American_English_from_March_2015" title="Category:Use American English from March 2015">Use American English from March 2015</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_written_in_American_English" title="Category:All Wikipedia articles written in American English">All Wikipedia articles written in American English</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_January_2024" title="Category:Use mdy dates from January 2024">Use mdy dates from January 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Biography_with_signature" title="Category:Biography with signature">Biography with signature</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hCards" title="Category:Articles with hCards">Articles with hCards</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Arabic-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Arabic-language text">Articles containing Arabic-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements_from_2013" title="Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2013">Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2013</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements" title="Category:All articles containing potentially dated statements">All articles containing potentially dated statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_multiple_image_with_auto_scaled_images" title="Category:Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images">Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements_from_April_2015" title="Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from April 2015">Articles containing potentially dated statements from April 2015</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Official_website_different_in_Wikidata_and_Wikipedia" title="Category:Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia">Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 16 February 2025, at 20:05 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Steve_Jobs&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"> Search </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" >Steve Jobs</div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"> 167 languages </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"> Add topic </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-b766959bd-bdkn2","wgBackendResponseTime":178,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"3.086","walltime":"3.426","ppvisitednodes":{"value":38905,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":736355,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":27128,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":26,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":29,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":1044867,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 2900.120 1 -total"," 45.63% 1323.328 1 Template:Reflist"," 18.36% 532.401 119 Template:Cite_web"," 13.63% 395.292 93 Template:Cite_news"," 11.67% 338.438 83 Template:Sfn"," 8.25% 239.192 1 Template:Infobox_person"," 4.01% 116.391 1 Template:Langx"," 3.80% 110.078 20 Template:Cite_book"," 3.63% 105.132 14 Template:Navbox"," 2.71% 78.642 142 Template:Main_other"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"1.815","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":27232218,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"table#1 {\n}\n\"\"\nanchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFAbell2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAndrews2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAntonelli2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFArico2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAsiado2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBates1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBiddle,_Sam2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBilton2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBlock2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBlumenthal2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBort2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrashares2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrennan2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrennan2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBullock2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBunnell2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBurke2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBurlinghamGendron1989\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCaldwell2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCarter\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCellini2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCheng2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFClaburn2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCook2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCreamer2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDeBolt2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDernbach2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEdwards2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFElkind2008\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFElmer2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEvangelista2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFernandez2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFiore2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFord2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGallagher2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGelles2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGorski2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGradyMeier2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGraff2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGullo2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGupta2011\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFHa2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHartmans2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHeisler2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHelft2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHertzfeld\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHill,_Jim2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHolson2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHoppel\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIger2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIsaacson2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJason_Hiner2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJobs2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKachka2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKahney2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKahney2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKawamoto1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKent2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKentaro2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKrishnamoorthyLi2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLanger2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLee2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLeopold2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLevy1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLiedtke,_Michael2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLinzmayer\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLinzmayer2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLong2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLove\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMalone1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFManey2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMarkoff1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMarkoff1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMarkoff2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMarkoff2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMarkoff2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMarkoff2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcBurney,_Sally_(Director)2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcBurney2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcClintock2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcElhearn2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMetz2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMetzOrtutayRobertsonWriters\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMeyers\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMichael2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMikkelson2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMilian2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNaughton2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNocera2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNorman2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNorr2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFO\u0026#039;Grady2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPaik2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPepitone2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPolsson2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPotter2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFReimer2005\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFRice,_Valerie1985\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRobbeloth,_DeWitt1985\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRose2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRosenwald2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRoss2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRushe2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSaracevic2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchlender1988\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchlender1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchlender1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchlender2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchlenderTetzeli2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchwartz1988\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSellers2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShankland2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSherrFowler2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShontell\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSiegler,_M.G.2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSilberman2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSimon2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSimonYoung2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSimpson2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSmith\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSmith2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSorkin2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSpector1985\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStone2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSzabo2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTate2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVascellaro2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWIRED_Staff\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWadhwa2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWeyhrich2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWhoriskey2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilliams,_GreggMoore,_Rob1984\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWozniak\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWozniakSmith2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYoung1988\"] = 3,\n [\"CITEREFZetter\"] = 1,\n [\"Illness_and_death\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"!\"] = 3,\n [\"Anchor\"] = 1,\n [\"Apple\"] = 1,\n [\"Apple celeb\"] = 1,\n [\"As of\"] = 2,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Birth date\"] = 1,\n [\"Blockquote\"] = 4,\n [\"Cbignore\"] = 1,\n [\"Circa\"] = 1,\n [\"Citation\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite AV media\"] = 4,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 20,\n [\"Cite magazine\"] = 9,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 93,\n [\"Cite press release\"] = 7,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 119,\n [\"Clear\"] = 1,\n [\"DEFAULTSORT:Jobs, Steve\"] = 1,\n [\"Death date and age\"] = 1,\n [\"Discogs artist\"] = 1,\n [\"Disney Legends Awards 2010s\"] = 1,\n [\"External media\"] = 1,\n [\"Flatlist\"] = 1,\n [\"Formatprice\"] = 2,\n [\"Harvid\"] = 1,\n [\"Harvnb\"] = 1,\n [\"IMDb name\"] = 1,\n [\"ISBN\"] = 2,\n [\"Indented plainlist\"] = 2,\n [\"Inflation\"] = 2,\n [\"Inflation-year\"] = 2,\n [\"Infobox person\"] = 1,\n [\"Langx\"] = 1,\n [\"Main\"] = 11,\n [\"Marriage\"] = 1,\n [\"Mdash\"] = 1,\n [\"Multiple image\"] = 1,\n [\"Nbsp\"] = 2,\n [\"NeXT Computer\"] = 1,\n [\"Nowrap\"] = 1,\n [\"Official website\"] = 1,\n [\"Open access\"] = 1,\n [\"Original Macintosh Design Team\"] = 1,\n [\"Other uses\"] = 1,\n [\"Pages needed\"] = 1,\n [\"Pixar\"] = 1,\n [\"Plainlist\"] = 1,\n [\"Portal\"] = 1,\n [\"Pp-semi-indef\"] = 1,\n [\"Quote box\"] = 6,\n [\"R\"] = 2,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Rp\"] = 6,\n [\"S-bus\"] = 1,\n [\"S-end\"] = 1,\n [\"S-start\"] = 1,\n [\"See also\"] = 3,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 83,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Sister project links\"] = 1,\n [\"Spaced ndash\"] = 1,\n [\"Steve Jobs\"] = 1,\n [\"Succession box\"] = 3,\n [\"USD\"] = 9,\n [\"Use American English\"] = 1,\n [\"Use mdy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 6,\n [\"YouTube\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\nciteref_patterns = table#1 {\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["?","320","18.0"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","320","18.0"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","260","14.6"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::find","140","7.9"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","80","4.5"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getExpandedArgument","60","3.4"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::gsub","60","3.4"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::preprocess","60","3.4"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::unstripNoWiki","60","3.4"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::plain","40","2.2"],["[others]","380","21.3"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-b766959bd-jxplv","timestamp":"20250216200509","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Steve Jobs","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Steve_Jobs","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q19837","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q19837","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2001-08-20T14:39:40Z","dateModified":"2025-02-16T20:05:01Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/dc\/Steve_Jobs_Headshot_2010-CROP_%28cropped_2%29.jpg","headline":"American entrepreneur; co-founder of Apple Inc. (1955\u20132011)"}</script> </body> </html>