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.infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Mutty Lall Seal</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:125%;">মতিলাল শীল</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mutty_Lal_Seal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Mutty_Lal_Seal.jpg/200px-Mutty_Lal_Seal.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Mutty_Lal_Seal.jpg/300px-Mutty_Lal_Seal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Mutty_Lal_Seal.jpg/400px-Mutty_Lal_Seal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="794" data-file-height="890" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Portrait of Mutty Lall Seal</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">1792<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Calcutta" class="mw-redirect" title="Calcutta">Calcutta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bengal" title="Bengal">Bengal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Company_rule_in_India" title="Company rule in India">Company rule in India</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">20 May 1854<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace">Calcutta, <a href="/wiki/Bengal_Presidency" title="Bengal Presidency">Bengal Presidency</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category">Indian</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role">Businessman</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Mutty Lall Seal</b> (also written as <b>Mutty Loll Seal</b>, <b>Mati Lall Seal</b>, or <b>Motilal Seal</b>) (1792 – 20 May 1854) was a businessman and philanthropist from <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>. Seal began his life as a bottle and cork dealer and became very wealthy. He donated large sums of his wealth to charity and education. Seal and <a href="/wiki/Ramdulal_Sarkar" title="Ramdulal Sarkar">Ramdulal Sarkar</a>, another <a href="/wiki/Business_magnate" title="Business magnate">shipping magnate</a>, became part of the Bengali folklore as great merchant princes.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mutty_Lall_Seal&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Mutty_Lall_Seal" title="Special:EditPage/Mutty Lall Seal">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Mutty Lall Seal was born in 1792, in a <a href="/wiki/Bengali_Hindu" class="mw-redirect" title="Bengali Hindu">Bengali Hindu</a> family situated in <a href="/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata">Calcutta</a> (now Kolkata). His father Chaitanya Charan Seal, a <a href="/wiki/Cloth_merchant" title="Cloth merchant">cloth merchant</a>, died when Seal was five years old. His early education began in a <i><a href="/wiki/Pathshala" class="mw-redirect" title="Pathshala">pathshala</a></i> (Indian rural school) which continued onto the Martin Bowl English School and the Baboo Nityananda Sen High School. </p><p>In 1809, at the age of seventeen, he married Nagri Dassee, the daughter of Mohan Chand Dey from the Surtir Bagan neighbourhood of Kolkata. Seal accompanied his father-in-law on a pilgrimage to northern and western India, and was said to be greatly enlightened by his spiritual experience on the journey. Around 1815, he started working at <a href="/wiki/Fort_William,_India" title="Fort William, India">Fort William</a>, and eventually, the bastion of British power. While working at Fort William, he was involved in the supply of essential commodities to the British army. Later, he worked as an inspector for <a href="/wiki/Indian_Customs_services" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Customs services">Indian Customs</a> at <a href="/wiki/Bali_Khalk" title="Bali Khalk">Balikhal</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Achievements">Achievements</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mutty_Lall_Seal&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Achievements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Business_activities">Business activities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mutty_Lall_Seal&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Business activities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sketch_of_Mutty_Lal_Seal%27s_residential_house_at_Colootola.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/00/Sketch_of_Mutty_Lal_Seal%27s_residential_house_at_Colootola.jpg/220px-Sketch_of_Mutty_Lal_Seal%27s_residential_house_at_Colootola.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/00/Sketch_of_Mutty_Lal_Seal%27s_residential_house_at_Colootola.jpg/330px-Sketch_of_Mutty_Lal_Seal%27s_residential_house_at_Colootola.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/00/Sketch_of_Mutty_Lal_Seal%27s_residential_house_at_Colootola.jpg/440px-Sketch_of_Mutty_Lal_Seal%27s_residential_house_at_Colootola.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2491" data-file-height="1781" /></a><figcaption>Sketch of Mutty Lall Seal's residential house at Colootola</figcaption></figure> <p>Seal started his business career by selling bottles and corks to a Mr. Hudson, one of the most extensive importers of beer in those days.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hudson traded in <a href="/wiki/Cowhide" title="Cowhide">cowhides</a> and was the founder and promoter of the first indigo market, which was established under the name of M/s. Moore, Hickey & Co. English merchants hired Seal for his sound judgement on indigo, silk, sugar, rice, saltpeter, and other goods. He was appointed as "Banian" to around twenty first class agency houses out of around fifty or sixty such houses in Calcutta. Later he became a landed property speculator and merchant, successively in partnership with Fergusson Brothers & Co., Oswald Seal & Co. and Tulloh & Co. In these three firms he was said to have lost some thirty <a href="/wiki/Lakh" title="Lakh">Lakh</a> of <a href="/wiki/Rupee" title="Rupee">rupees</a>. He was involved in exporting indigo, silk, sugar, rice, and saltpeter to Europe, and importing iron and cotton-piece goods from England.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Seal acquired a number of <a href="/wiki/Cargo_ship" title="Cargo ship">cargo boats</a>, which were then new to the market, and used old flour mills to ship tons of biscuits to Australia for the first emigrants to its newly discovered gold fields. Later, he put up a mill to refine sugar on the centrifugal principle. </p><p>The first to use steamships for internal trade in <a href="/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata">Calcutta</a>, he prospered in competition with Europeans. He owned around thirteen trade ships including a steam tug named <i>Banian</i>. He made a fortune in a single generation through money-dealing, which includes lending, bill counting and other banking business. There was scarcely a speculation into which he did not enter, and for which he did not supply a portion of funds. From dealings in internal exchanges to contracts for station-building, for the erection of new bazaars, to the revival of transit companies, rare was an undertaking in which he was not an important, though quiet, shareholder. He funded every promising enterprise he found and made profits in the shape of interest.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At one point he was in complete control over the market dealing in company papers.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Seal was one of the founders of Assam Company Ltd. </p><p>Under his influence, the European-created Oriental Life Insurance Company (later reconstructed as New Oriental Insurance Company in 1834) began to underwrite Indian lives,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which was the first life insurance company on Indian soil. He was among the founders of the Bank of India, and was on the board of the Agricultural and Horticultural Society of India.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In time, he amassed as much wealth as <a href="/wiki/Dwarkanath_Tagore" title="Dwarkanath Tagore">Dwarkanath Tagore</a> and Rustomjee Cowasjee. In 1878, Kishori Chand Mitra delivered a lecture on the life of Seal calling him the "<a href="/wiki/Mayer_Amschel_Rothschild" title="Mayer Amschel Rothschild">Rothschild</a> of Calcutta".<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pandith Sivanath Sastri wrote: "He never adopted unfair means for earning money. He was well-behaved, polite and helpful to others." </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Philanthropy">Philanthropy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mutty_Lall_Seal&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Philanthropy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As a philanthropist, in 1841, Seal founded an alms house at <a href="/wiki/Belgharia" title="Belgharia">Belgharia</a> (in the suburbs of Calcutta) where 500 people were fed daily on average,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is still open to the poor. It has a bathing <i><a href="/wiki/Ghats" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghats">ghat</a></i> which exists today on the bank of the <a href="/wiki/Hooghly_River" title="Hooghly River">Hooghly River</a> known as <i>Motilal Ghat</i>. </p><p>He was well known as the donor of an extensive tract of land, which at the time was valued at Rs. 12,000,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to the then British Government on which the <a href="/wiki/Calcutta_Medical_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Calcutta Medical College">Calcutta Medical College</a> was built. The Government of Bengal recognized his liberality by naming a ward in his honor, <i>The Mutty Lall Seal Ward</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for native male patients. Seal subsequently supplemented this gift by a donation of a lac of rupees for the establishment of a female (lying in) hospital which started functioning in 1838.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mutty_Lall_Seal%27s_Shrine_-_Belgharia_-_North_24_Parganas_2012-04-11_9732.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Mutty_Lall_Seal%27s_Shrine_-_Belgharia_-_North_24_Parganas_2012-04-11_9732.JPG/250px-Mutty_Lall_Seal%27s_Shrine_-_Belgharia_-_North_24_Parganas_2012-04-11_9732.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Mutty_Lall_Seal%27s_Shrine_-_Belgharia_-_North_24_Parganas_2012-04-11_9732.JPG/375px-Mutty_Lall_Seal%27s_Shrine_-_Belgharia_-_North_24_Parganas_2012-04-11_9732.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Mutty_Lall_Seal%27s_Shrine_-_Belgharia_-_North_24_Parganas_2012-04-11_9732.JPG/500px-Mutty_Lall_Seal%27s_Shrine_-_Belgharia_-_North_24_Parganas_2012-04-11_9732.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4178" data-file-height="2775" /></a><figcaption>Mutty Lall Seal's shrine and almshouse on B T road</figcaption></figure> <p>In those days, the <a href="/wiki/Hindus" title="Hindus">Hindu</a> community was alarmed, owing to several conversions to Christianity taking place among the boys at missionary schools offering free education. (Seal himself did partnership with Fergusson Brothers, they did not ask him to convert to <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> to do business. Education was not provided for converting to Christianity, many of the people educated outside India at the time were Christians, including <a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mahatma Gandhi</a>.) To counter this, there was an anti-missionary movement led by the rich and influential <a href="/wiki/Babu_(title)" title="Babu (title)">Babu</a> of Calcutta for a free national school of their own. </p><p>One afternoon they all assembled in a meeting presided over by <a href="/wiki/Radhakanta_Deb" title="Radhakanta Deb">Raja Radha Kanta Deb</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Oriental_Seminary" title="Oriental Seminary">Oriental Seminary</a>. Many speeches were made and resolutions adopted, but donations recorded in the subscription book were scant. When the book passed to the hand of Seal, he immediately put down his name for one <a href="/wiki/Lakh" title="Lakh">Lakh</a> of rupees. Others who had estimated contributing a few hundred or a few thousand rupees panicked and the meeting ended. </p><p>Pledged to his subscription, Seal carried out the promise of a national institution with his own independent efforts. On Wednesday, 1 March 1842, a gathering of respectable people took place at his house for the formal opening of the Mutty Lall Seal's Free College. Among those present were Sir Lawrence Peel, the Chief Justice, Sir <a href="/wiki/John_Peter_Grant" title="John Peter Grant">John Peter Grant</a>, Mr. Lyall, the Advocate-General, Mr. Leith, and the other principal members of the Calcutta Bar, Captain Birch, Superintendent of the Police, George Thompson, Right Reverend Dr. Carew, Baboo <a href="/wiki/Dwarkanath_Tagore" title="Dwarkanath Tagore">Dwarkanath Tagore</a>, Baboo <a href="/wiki/Ramkamal_Sen" title="Ramkamal Sen">Ramkamal Sen</a>, Baboo Russomoy Dutt and Revd. <a href="/wiki/Krishna_Mohan_Banerjee" title="Krishna Mohan Banerjee">Krishna Mohan Banerjee</a>. The Catholic Bishop and all the clergy of the Catholic Cathedral, as well as all the Professors of <a href="/wiki/St._Xavier%27s_College,_Calcutta" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Xavier's College, Calcutta">St. Xavier's College</a>, were likewise present. Nearly the whole of the dissenting ministers and missionaries of Calcutta and its neighbourhood also attended.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There were eloquent speeches in testimony to his noble generosity and liberal mindset with George Thompson complimenting him as "a Hindu gentleman, who had nobly resolved to consecrate a large portion of the substances he had acquired by honorable exertion, to the intellectual improvement of the youth of his own nation to transmute his money into mind"<i>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></i> </p><p>Mutty Lall Seal's Free College (later renamed Mutty Lall Seal's Free School and College) was to provide for the education of Hindus to enable them to occupy posts of trust and emolument in their own country. This education included <a href="/wiki/English_literature" title="English literature">English literature</a>, history, <a href="/wiki/Geography" title="Geography">geography</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elocution" title="Elocution">elocution</a>, writing, <a href="/wiki/Arithmetic" title="Arithmetic">arithmetic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Algebra" title="Algebra">algebra</a>, philosophical sciences, <a href="/wiki/Further_Mathematics" title="Further Mathematics">higher mathematics</a> and the practical application of mathematics. The institution was opened free of cost, but only one rupee was charged per month to cover expenses such as books, stationery, and the surplus being expended towards furnishing the school with mathematical instruments. The number of students receiving education at one time was to be limited to 500. The institute was initially under the management of the Directors of the parent college of <a href="/wiki/St._Xavier%27s_College,_Calcutta" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Xavier's College, Calcutta">St. F. Xavier</a>, Chowringhee, Calcutta, who furnished teachers to further the cause of <a href="/wiki/Secular_education" title="Secular education">secular education</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Society of Jesus">Jesuits</a> had the responsibility of imparting education, the conductors had pledged themselves to withhold all Christian instruction from the pupils.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, later Seal dissolved the connection between his college and the Jesuits over a dispute that in violation of their pledge, so viands were distributed among the Hindu boys contrary to their religious sentiments. The institute was then placed under Revd. <a href="/wiki/Krishna_Mohan_Banerjee" title="Krishna Mohan Banerjee">Krishna Mohan Banerjee</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A sum of Rs. 12,000 was spent yearly for the upkeep of the college from his trust. The college stood in high estimation of the public and competed successfully with the Government and Missionary Colleges in the university examinations (<a href="/wiki/Suniti_Kumar_Chatterji" title="Suniti Kumar Chatterji">Suniti Kumar Chatterji</a> and <a href="/wiki/A._C._Bhaktivedanta_Swami_Prabhupada" title="A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada">Swami Prabhupada</a> were some students of the college). The college initially started functioning at Seal's house and was later shifted to the present building on <a href="/wiki/Chittaranjan_Avenue" class="mw-redirect" title="Chittaranjan Avenue">Chittaranjan Avenue</a> where it still exists. </p><p>The other charities which have made his name known to the public are contained in a deed of trust; by which he donated a considerable portion of his property (amounting to several <a href="/wiki/Lakh" title="Lakh">Lakh</a> of rupees) for the good of the public. A net yearly income of Rs. 36,000 derived from those properties were spent for various charitable purposes. Apart from running and maintaining the college, about Rs. 4,000 was spent on helping poor widows and orphans every year and for running and maintaining two alms houses for the poor and underprivileged.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He extended financial support and co-operation for the establishment of the Hindu Charitable Institution and Hindu Metropolitan College. Seal's Free School, Hindu Metropolitan College and some of the other institutions of the time were calculated to offset the 'ill effects' of the liberal education offered at the <a href="/wiki/Presidency_College,_Kolkata" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidency College, Kolkata">Hindu College</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mutty_Lal_Seal%27s_devalaya_at_Belghoria.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Devalaya at Mutty Lall Seal's Belghoria alms house"><img alt="Devalaya at Mutty Lall Seal's Belghoria alms house" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/0f/Mutty_Lal_Seal%27s_devalaya_at_Belghoria.jpg/120px-Mutty_Lal_Seal%27s_devalaya_at_Belghoria.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/0f/Mutty_Lal_Seal%27s_devalaya_at_Belghoria.jpg/180px-Mutty_Lal_Seal%27s_devalaya_at_Belghoria.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/0f/Mutty_Lal_Seal%27s_devalaya_at_Belghoria.jpg/240px-Mutty_Lal_Seal%27s_devalaya_at_Belghoria.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2332" data-file-height="1691" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Devalaya at Mutty Lall Seal's Belghoria alms house</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mutty_Lal_Seal%27s_guest_house_at_Behala.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mutty Lall Seal's guest house at Behala"><img alt="Mutty Lall Seal's guest house at Behala" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/5f/Mutty_Lal_Seal%27s_guest_house_at_Behala.jpg/120px-Mutty_Lal_Seal%27s_guest_house_at_Behala.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/5f/Mutty_Lal_Seal%27s_guest_house_at_Behala.jpg/180px-Mutty_Lal_Seal%27s_guest_house_at_Behala.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/5f/Mutty_Lal_Seal%27s_guest_house_at_Behala.jpg/240px-Mutty_Lal_Seal%27s_guest_house_at_Behala.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2364" data-file-height="1729" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Mutty Lall Seal's guest house at Behala</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mutty_Lal_Seal%27s_bathing_ghat.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mutty Lall Seal's bathing ghat on the bank of river Hooghly"><img alt="Mutty Lall Seal's bathing ghat on the bank of river Hooghly" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Mutty_Lal_Seal%27s_bathing_ghat.jpg/120px-Mutty_Lal_Seal%27s_bathing_ghat.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Mutty_Lal_Seal%27s_bathing_ghat.jpg/180px-Mutty_Lal_Seal%27s_bathing_ghat.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Mutty_Lal_Seal%27s_bathing_ghat.jpg/240px-Mutty_Lal_Seal%27s_bathing_ghat.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2374" data-file-height="1804" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Mutty Lall Seal's bathing ghat on the bank of river Hooghly</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mutty_Lal_Seal%27s_Free_School.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mutty Lall Seal's Free School & College - Estd. 1842"><img alt="Mutty Lall Seal's Free School & College - Estd. 1842" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6d/Mutty_Lal_Seal%27s_Free_School.jpg/120px-Mutty_Lal_Seal%27s_Free_School.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="74" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6d/Mutty_Lal_Seal%27s_Free_School.jpg/180px-Mutty_Lal_Seal%27s_Free_School.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6d/Mutty_Lal_Seal%27s_Free_School.jpg/240px-Mutty_Lal_Seal%27s_Free_School.jpg 2x" data-file-width="978" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Mutty Lall Seal's Free School & College - Estd. 1842</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_life">Later life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mutty_Lall_Seal&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Later life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When he was alive, the native society of Kolkata was divided into two parts. One was the reformist section led by <a href="/wiki/Ram_Mohan_Roy" class="mw-redirect" title="Ram Mohan Roy">Raja Rammohun Roy</a> and the other was the conservative section led by <a href="/wiki/Radhakanta_Deb" title="Radhakanta Deb">Radha Kanta Deb</a>. Most of the rich people of Kolkata were in the latter group. Deb strongly opposed both the move to ban sati and efforts for remarriage of widows, many of whom were child-widows. Although Seal was a conservative, he was in favor of Roy's efforts of banning sati, supported the cause of women's education as well as remarriage of widows. He made a public offer for a dowry of 1000 rupees to the person who should have the courage to break through the prejudices of caste and marry a widow.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When Seal died on 20 May 1854, his obituary in the <i>Hindu Intelligence</i> described him as the "richest and most virtuous <a href="/wiki/Babu_(title)" title="Babu (title)">Babu</a> of Calcutta."<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of the busy streets in Kolkata's business district is named after him as Moti Sil Street.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mutty_Lall_Seal&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bhattacharya, Sabyasachi, <i>Traders and Trades in Old Calcutta</i>, in <i>Calcutta, the Living City</i>, Vol I, p 209.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMacdonald_StephensonLoll_Seal1974" class="citation journal cs1">Macdonald Stephenson, R.; Loll Seal, Mutty (January 1974). "Copy of Mutty Lall Seal's letter to Stephenson". <i>The Indian Economic & Social History Review</i>. <b>11</b> (1): 108. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F001946467401100106">10.1177/001946467401100106</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0019-4646">0019-4646</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Indian+Economic+%26+Social+History+Review&rft.atitle=Copy+of+Mutty+Lall+Seal%27s+letter+to+Stephenson&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=108&rft.date=1974-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F001946467401100106&rft.issn=0019-4646&rft.aulast=Macdonald+Stephenson&rft.aufirst=R.&rft.au=Loll+Seal%2C+Mutty&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMutty+Lall+Seal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Chakrabarty, Dipesh, <i>The Colonial context of the Bengal Renaissance: A Note On Early Railway Thinking In Bengal</i>, in <i>Indian Economic and Social History Review</i>, Vol. XI, No. 1, March 1974</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Allen's Indian Mail, And Register Of Intelligence For British And Foreign India, China, And All Parts Of The East</i>, Vol XII, January–December 1854, p 382</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sastri, Sivanath, <i><a href="/wiki/Ramtanu_Lahiri_O_Tatkalin_Bangasamaj" title="Ramtanu Lahiri O Tatkalin Bangasamaj">Ramtanu Lahiri O Tatkalin Bangasamaj</a></i>, p 71</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rungta, Radhe Shyam <i>Rise of Business Corporations in India 1851–1900</i>, p 12-13</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Parbury's Oriental Herald And Colonial Intelligencer</i>, Vol II, July–December 1838, p 28</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Calcutta Monthly Journal And General Register of Occurrences Throughout The British Dominions in the East Forming An Epitome of the Indian Press</i>, For The Year 1836, Calcutta, p 204</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sarkar, Tanika, <i>Hindu Wife, Hindu Nation</i>, p 34</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Banerjee, Prajnananda, <i>Calcutta and Its Hinterland: A Study in Economic History of India, 1833–1900</i>, p 144</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Third Report of the Committee Appointed by the Right Honourable The Governour of Bengal for the Establishment of a Fever Hospital And For Inquiring into Local Management And Taxation in Calcutta, Calcutta: Bishop's College Press, 1847,</i> p 35</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080511234715/http://www.medicalcollegekolkata.org/personalities.html">"Medical College Hospital Kolkata West Bengal India"</a>. 11 May 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.medicalcollegekolkata.org/personalities.html">the original</a> on 11 May 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Medical+College+Hospital+Kolkata+West+Bengal+India&rft.date=2008-05-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicalcollegekolkata.org%2Fpersonalities.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMutty+Lall+Seal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Missionary And Religious Intelligence</i>, in <i>The Calcutta Christian Observer</i>, Vol. I, New Series, January–December 1840, p 171</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Catholic Cabinet, And Chronicle of Religious Intelligence, Containing Original And Selected Articles, A Monthly Periodical</i>, Volume I, 1843, p 187</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mullick, Promatha Nath, <i>History of Vaisyas of Bengal</i>, p 136-139</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Goethals News</i>, Vol. IV, No. 3 Bulletin, July – September 2001</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Calcutta Review</i>, Vol. II, October–December 1844, p 73</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Indian Mail, A Monthly Register For British & Foreign India, China, & Australasia</i>, Vol. I, May–December 1843, p 614-615</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Calcutta Review</i>, Vol. CXI, Calcutta, 1900, p 86-88</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Majumdar, Swapan, <i>Literature and Literary Life in Old Calcutta</i>, in <i>Calcutta, the Living City</i>, Vol I, p 110.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ripley, George, Dana, Charles A.,<i>The New American Encyclopaedia: A Popular Dictionary Of General Knowledge</i>, Vol. II, 1859, p 443</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sengupta, Nitish, <i>History Of The Bengali Speaking People</i>, p 259-260</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mutty_Lall_Seal&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChaudhuri1995" class="citation cs2">Chaudhuri, Sukanta (Ed) (1995), <i>Calcutta: The Living City</i>, <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-563698-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-563698-8"><bdi>0-19-563698-8</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Calcutta%3A+The+Living+City&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=0-19-563698-8&rft.aulast=Chaudhuri&rft.aufirst=Sukanta+%28Ed%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMutty+Lall+Seal" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Sastri, Sivanath, <i>Ramtanu Lahiri O Tatkalin Banga Samaj</i> in Bengali (1903/2001), p 48, New Age Publishers Pvt. Ltd.</li> <li>Sengupta, Subodh Chandra and Bose, Anjali (Ed), <i>Sansad Bangali Charitabhidhan</i> (Biographical dictionary) in Bengali (1976/1998), p 391, Sahitya Sansad. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-85626-65-0" title="Special:BookSources/81-85626-65-0">81-85626-65-0</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mutty_Lall_Seal&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060528210256/http://www.abasar.net/bk_main.asp?what=B00663">Biography</a> (in <a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a> information website Abasar)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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