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div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Debendra Mohan Bose</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:M_N_Saha,_J_C_Bose,_J_C_Ghosh,_Snehamoy_Dutt,_S_N_Bose,_D_M_Bose,_N_R_Sen,_J_N_Mukherjee,_N_C_Nag.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/M_N_Saha%2C_J_C_Bose%2C_J_C_Ghosh%2C_Snehamoy_Dutt%2C_S_N_Bose%2C_D_M_Bose%2C_N_R_Sen%2C_J_N_Mukherjee%2C_N_C_Nag.jpg/220px-M_N_Saha%2C_J_C_Bose%2C_J_C_Ghosh%2C_Snehamoy_Dutt%2C_S_N_Bose%2C_D_M_Bose%2C_N_R_Sen%2C_J_N_Mukherjee%2C_N_C_Nag.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/M_N_Saha%2C_J_C_Bose%2C_J_C_Ghosh%2C_Snehamoy_Dutt%2C_S_N_Bose%2C_D_M_Bose%2C_N_R_Sen%2C_J_N_Mukherjee%2C_N_C_Nag.jpg/330px-M_N_Saha%2C_J_C_Bose%2C_J_C_Ghosh%2C_Snehamoy_Dutt%2C_S_N_Bose%2C_D_M_Bose%2C_N_R_Sen%2C_J_N_Mukherjee%2C_N_C_Nag.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/M_N_Saha%2C_J_C_Bose%2C_J_C_Ghosh%2C_Snehamoy_Dutt%2C_S_N_Bose%2C_D_M_Bose%2C_N_R_Sen%2C_J_N_Mukherjee%2C_N_C_Nag.jpg/440px-M_N_Saha%2C_J_C_Bose%2C_J_C_Ghosh%2C_Snehamoy_Dutt%2C_S_N_Bose%2C_D_M_Bose%2C_N_R_Sen%2C_J_N_Mukherjee%2C_N_C_Nag.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1140" data-file-height="786" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Debendra Mohan Bose (standing, third from left) with other scientists of Calcutta University</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1885-11-26</span>)</span>26 November 1885<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Calcutta" class="mw-redirect" title="Calcutta">Calcutta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bengal_Presidency" title="Bengal Presidency">Bengal Presidency</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British India</a><br />(modern-day <a href="/wiki/Kolkata,_West_Bengal" class="mw-redirect" title="Kolkata, West Bengal">Kolkata, West Bengal</a>, India)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">2 June 1975<span style="display:none">(1975-06-02)</span> (aged 89)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace">Calcutta, West Bengal, India</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Calcutta" title="University of Calcutta">University of Calcutta</a><br /><a href="/wiki/University_of_Berlin" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Berlin">University of Berlin</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data">Nalini Sircar (1919–1975)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><b>Scientific career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fields</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Particle_physics" title="Particle physics">Particle physics</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_physics" title="Nuclear physics">Nuclear physics</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Radiochemistry" title="Radiochemistry">Radiochemistry</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institutions</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Calcutta" title="University of Calcutta">University of Calcutta</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Cavendish_Laboratory" title="Cavendish Laboratory">Cavendish Laboratory</a><br /><a href="/wiki/University_of_Berlin" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Berlin">University of Berlin</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Bose_Institute" title="Bose Institute">Bose Institute</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Doctoral_advisor" title="Doctoral advisor">Doctoral advisor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Erich_Regener" title="Erich Regener">Erich Regener</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other academic advisors</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jagadish_Chandra_Bose" title="Jagadish Chandra Bose">Jagadish Chandra Bose</a><br /><a href="/wiki/J._J._Thomson" title="J. J. Thomson">J. J. Thomson</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Debendra Mohan Bose</b> (D. M. Bose) (26 November 1885 – 2 June 1975) was an Indian physicist who made contributions in the field of <a href="/wiki/Cosmic_ray" title="Cosmic ray">cosmic rays</a>, <a href="/wiki/Artificial_radioactivity" class="mw-redirect" title="Artificial radioactivity">artificial radioactivity</a> and <a href="/wiki/Neutron_(physics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Neutron (physics)">neutron physics</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was the longest serving Director (1938–1967) of <a href="/wiki/Bose_Institute" title="Bose Institute">Bose Institute</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-science_and_culture_76_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-science_and_culture_76-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bose was the nephew of the famous physicist <a href="/wiki/Jagadish_Chandra_Bose" title="Jagadish Chandra Bose">Jagadish Chandra Bose</a>, who laid the foundations of modern science in <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Debendra_Mohan_Bose&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Debendra Mohan Bose was born in Calcutta (present day Kolkata) in a famous <a href="/wiki/Brahmo" title="Brahmo">Brahmo</a> family. He was the youngest son of Mohini Mohan Bose, one of the first Indians to proceed to USA to qualify himself in field of <a href="/wiki/Homeopathy" title="Homeopathy">homeopathy</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ananda_Mohan_Bose" class="mw-redirect" title="Ananda Mohan Bose">Ananda Mohan Bose</a> was his paternal uncle, while <a href="/wiki/Jagadish_Chandra_Bose" title="Jagadish Chandra Bose">Jagadish Chandra Bose</a> was his maternal uncle.<sup id="cite_ref-shaping_indian_1948_1981_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-shaping_indian_1948_1981-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After his father's untimely death, Debendra's education was supervised by his uncle <a href="/wiki/Jagadish_Chandra_Bose" title="Jagadish Chandra Bose">J. C. Bose</a>. </p><p>Debendra's plan of getting a degree in engineering from the <a href="/wiki/Bengal_Engineering_College,_Shibpur" class="mw-redirect" title="Bengal Engineering College, Shibpur">Bengal Engineering College, Shibpur</a> was cut short when he suffered a severe <a href="/wiki/Malaria" title="Malaria">malaria</a> attack. Nobel laureate <a href="/wiki/Rabindranath_Tagore" title="Rabindranath Tagore">Rabindranath Tagore</a>, a close friend of <a href="/wiki/Jagadish_Chandra_Bose" title="Jagadish Chandra Bose">J. C. Bose</a>, suggested him to pursue physics instead. In 1906, Debendra Bose obtained his <a href="/wiki/MA_degree" class="mw-redirect" title="MA degree">Master of Arts</a> degree from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Calcutta" title="University of Calcutta">University of Calcutta</a> in first class. He stood first in the order of the merit in the examination. He also obtained his <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">Bachelor of Arts</a> degree from Calcutta University. He worked as a research scholar under <a href="/wiki/Jagadish_Chandra_Bose" title="Jagadish Chandra Bose">Jagadish Chandra Bose</a> for one year, during which he participated in his uncle's biophysical and <a href="/wiki/Plant_physiological_ecology" class="mw-redirect" title="Plant physiological ecology">plant physiological</a> investigations.<sup id="cite_ref-shaping_indian_1948_1981_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-shaping_indian_1948_1981-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education_in_Europe">Education in Europe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Debendra_Mohan_Bose&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Education in Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:D_M_Bose_1927.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/D_M_Bose_1927.jpg/220px-D_M_Bose_1927.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="304" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/D_M_Bose_1927.jpg/330px-D_M_Bose_1927.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/D_M_Bose_1927.jpg/440px-D_M_Bose_1927.jpg 2x" data-file-width="487" data-file-height="672" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>In 1907, he joined the <a href="/wiki/Christ%27s_College,_Cambridge" title="Christ's College, Cambridge">Christ's College, Cambridge</a>, and worked with prominent physicists including <a href="/wiki/J._J._Thomson" title="J. J. Thomson">J. J. Thomson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Charles_Thomson_Rees_Wilson" title="Charles Thomson Rees Wilson">Charles Thomson Rees Wilson</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Cavendish_Laboratory" title="Cavendish Laboratory">Cavendish Laboratory</a>. In 1910, he joined the <a href="/wiki/Royal_College_of_Science" title="Royal College of Science">Royal College of Science</a> in London, from where he obtained a diploma and a <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Science" title="Bachelor of Science">BSc</a> (first class) in Physics in 1912. Later, he returned to Calcutta and taught physics in the <a href="/wiki/City_College,_Kolkata" title="City College, Kolkata">City College, Kolkata</a> in 1913. </p><p>In 1914, D M Bose was appointed the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rashbehary_Ghosh_Professor_of_Physics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rashbehary Ghosh Professor of Physics (page does not exist)">Rashbehary Ghosh Professor of Physics</a> in the newly founded Calcutta University College of Science. He was awarded the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghosh_Travel_Fellowship&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ghosh Travel Fellowship (page does not exist)">Ghosh Travel Fellowship</a> for studying abroad, and chose to study advanced physics for two years at the <a href="/wiki/Humboldt_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Humboldt University">Humboldt University</a> in Berlin. In Berlin, Debendra was assigned to Professor <a href="/wiki/Erich_Regener" title="Erich Regener">Erich Regener</a>'s laboratory. His stay in Germany got extended to five years due to <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>. During this period, he worked on the development of a new type of <a href="/wiki/Cloud_chamber" title="Cloud chamber">cloud chamber</a>, and was successful in photographing the tracks of recoil protons produced during the passage of fast moving <a href="/wiki/Alpha_particle" title="Alpha particle">alpha particles</a> in the chamber. The results of his preliminary investigations were published in the journal <i><a href="/wiki/Physikalische_Zeitschrift" title="Physikalische Zeitschrift">Physikalische Zeitschrift</a></i> in 1916 (a full paper was later published in <i><a href="/wiki/Zeitschrift_f%C3%BCr_Physik" title="Zeitschrift für Physik">Zeitschrift für Physik</a></i> in 1922). He returned to India in March 1919 after obtaining his PhD. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="As_an_academic">As an academic</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Debendra_Mohan_Bose&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: As an academic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In July 1919, D. M. Bose re-joined the Calcutta University as Rashbehary Ghosh Professor of Physics. In 1932, he succeeded Professor <a href="/wiki/C._V._Raman" title="C. V. Raman">C. V. Raman</a> as the <a href="/wiki/Palit_Professor_of_Physics" title="Palit Professor of Physics">Palit Professor of Physics</a>. He was one of the only two Indian physicists (the other being <a href="/wiki/Meghnad_Saha" title="Meghnad Saha">Meghnad Saha</a>) who participated at the Como conference (11–20 September 1927) held at <a href="/wiki/Lake_Como" title="Lake Como">Lake Como</a> in Italy. The conference featured 60 invited participants from 14 countries, including 11 Nobel laureates.<sup id="cite_ref-science_and_culture_76_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-science_and_culture_76-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>D. M. Bose encouraged several of his junior colleagues at the Calcutta University to pursue research. He gave <a href="/wiki/Satyendra_Nath_Bose" title="Satyendra Nath Bose">Satyendra Nath Bose</a> two books of <a href="/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck">Max Planck</a>, Thermodynamik and Warmestrahlung (unavailable in India then). This led to <a href="/wiki/Satyendra_Nath_Bose" title="Satyendra Nath Bose">S. N. Bose's</a> interest in Planck's hypothesis and his deduction on a combinatorial basis of Planck's formula in 1925.<sup id="cite_ref-science_and_culture_76_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-science_and_culture_76-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1938, D. M. Bose became the Director of <a href="/wiki/Bose_Institute" title="Bose Institute">Bose Institute</a> after the death of the institute's founder J. C. Bose. In 1945, Bose was inducted as a nuclear chemistry expert in the Atomic Energy Committee of <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Scientific_and_Industrial_Research" title="Council of Scientific and Industrial Research">CSIR</a>. The committee later became the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Atomic_Energy_Commission" title="United States Atomic Energy Commission">Atomic Energy Commission</a> (AEC).<sup id="cite_ref-science_and_culture_76_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-science_and_culture_76-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Research_with_Bibha_Choudhuri">Research with Bibha Choudhuri</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Debendra_Mohan_Bose&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Research with Bibha Choudhuri"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A discussion during the 1938 <a href="/wiki/Indian_Science_Congress_Association" title="Indian Science Congress Association">Science Congress Session</a> prompted D. M. Bose and his colleague <a href="/wiki/Bibha_Chowdhuri" title="Bibha Chowdhuri">Bibha Chowdhuri</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to study <a href="/wiki/Cosmic_rays" class="mw-redirect" title="Cosmic rays">cosmic rays</a> using <a href="/wiki/Photographic_plate" title="Photographic plate">photographic plates</a>. Since the <a href="/wiki/Particle_accelerator" title="Particle accelerator">particle accelerators</a> were not available at this time, high-energy subatomic particles were only obtainable from atmospheric cosmic rays. <a href="/wiki/Walther_Bothe" title="Walther Bothe">Walther Bothe</a> gave the duo the idea of considering <a href="/wiki/Photographic_emulsion" title="Photographic emulsion">photographic emulsion</a> as a continuously active cloud chamber to register and store tracks. </p><p>Due to the <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> restrictions, full tone photographic plates were not available in India at that time. During 1939–1942, Bose and Choudhuri exposed <a href="/wiki/Ilford_Photo" title="Ilford Photo">Ilford</a> <a href="/wiki/Half-tone" class="mw-redirect" title="Half-tone">half-tone</a> photographic plates in the high altitude mountainous regions of <a href="/wiki/Darjeeling" title="Darjeeling">Darjeeling</a>, and observed long curved ionizing tracks that appeared to be different from the tracks of alpha particles or protons. In a series of articles published in <i><a href="/wiki/Nature_(journal)" title="Nature (journal)">Nature</a></i>, they identified a cosmic particle having an average mass close to 200 times the mass of electron.<sup id="cite_ref-science_and_culture_76_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-science_and_culture_76-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their research came to an end when Choudhuri left India in 1945 to work with <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Blackett,_Baron_Blackett" class="mw-redirect" title="Patrick Blackett, Baron Blackett">Patrick Blackett</a> in England. </p><p>In Europe, <a href="/wiki/Cecil_Frank_Powell" class="mw-redirect" title="Cecil Frank Powell">Cecil Frank Powell</a> independently used exactly the same method to identify the new particle <a href="/wiki/Pi-meson" class="mw-redirect" title="Pi-meson">pi-meson</a> (now <a href="/wiki/Pion" title="Pion">pion</a>), but with improved full-tone photographic emulsion plates. He was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Nobel Prize in Physics">Nobel Prize in Physics</a> in 1950 "for his development of the photographic method of studying nuclear processes and his discoveries regarding mesons made with this method".<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Powell acknowledge the method developed by Bose and Choudhuri as the first attempt in this field in his 1959 book <i>The Study of Elementary Particles by the Photographic Method</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_life">Later life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Debendra_Mohan_Bose&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Later life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As director of the Bose Institute, D. M. Bose expanded the activities of the existing departments and also opened the new department of microbiology. He was a dedicated worker of the <a href="/wiki/Sadharan_Brahmo_Samaj" title="Sadharan Brahmo Samaj">Sadharan Brahmo Samaj</a> and was served several years as its office bearer (President, Secretary & Treasurer). He was the General President of the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Science_Congress_Association" title="Indian Science Congress Association">Indian Science Congress Session</a> in 1953 at <a href="/wiki/Lucknow" title="Lucknow">Lucknow</a>. Bose served as the director of the Bose Institute till 1967, when his <a href="/wiki/Arthritis" title="Arthritis">arthritis</a> and other health problems forced him to take retirement. In the later years of his life, he became more interested in philosophy focusing on the <a href="/wiki/Relationship_between_religion_and_science" title="Relationship between religion and science">relationship between religion and science</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-shaping_indian_1948_1981_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-shaping_indian_1948_1981-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He died on the morning of 2 June 1975. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Como_Conference_-_S.N._Bose_vs._D.M._Bose">Como Conference - S.N. Bose vs. D.M. Bose</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Debendra_Mohan_Bose&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Como Conference - S.N. Bose vs. D.M. Bose"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1927, at the occasion of the 100th death anniversary of Italian physicist <a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Volta" title="Alessandro Volta">Alessandro Volta</a>, in Como, a conference was organized (as mentioned above). D. M. Bose and <a href="/wiki/Meghnad_Saha" title="Meghnad Saha">M. N. Saha</a> participated. In the late 1980s it was reported that the "wrong" Bose, that is, D. M. Bose attended the meeting. The invitation was supposed to be for <a href="/wiki/Satyendra_Nath_Bose" title="Satyendra Nath Bose">S. N. Bose</a>. The historical documents suggest that D. M. Bose was not the "wrong" person, because in those days his national and international status was far better than that of S.N. Bose.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Debendra_Mohan_Bose&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFIndian_National_Science_Academy1983" class="citation book cs1">Indian National Science Academy (1983). <i>Biographical memoirs of fellows of the Indian National Science Academy, Volume 7</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Biographical+memoirs+of+fellows+of+the+Indian+National+Science+Academy%2C+Volume+7&rft.date=1983&rft.au=Indian+National+Science+Academy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADebendra+Mohan+Bose" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-science_and_culture_76-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-science_and_culture_76_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-science_and_culture_76_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-science_and_culture_76_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-science_and_culture_76_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-science_and_culture_76_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303192740/http://www.scienceandculture-isna.org/Nov-Dec-10/Editorial.pdf">"D. M. Bose: A Scientist Incognito (editorial)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Science and Culture</i>. <b>76</b> (11–12). November–December 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scienceandculture-isna.org/Nov-Dec-10/Editorial.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 3 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 February</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science+and+Culture&rft.atitle=D.+M.+Bose%3A+A+Scientist+Incognito+%28editorial%29&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=11%E2%80%9312&rft.date=2010-11%2F2010-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scienceandculture-isna.org%2FNov-Dec-10%2FEditorial.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADebendra+Mohan+Bose" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-shaping_indian_1948_1981-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-shaping_indian_1948_1981_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-shaping_indian_1948_1981_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-shaping_indian_1948_1981_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIndian_Science_Congress_Association2003" class="citation book cs1">Indian Science Congress Association (2003). <i>The Shaping of Indian Science: 1948-1981</i>. Universities Press. pp. 702–703. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7371-433-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7371-433-7"><bdi>978-81-7371-433-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Shaping+of+Indian+Science%3A+1948-1981&rft.pages=702-703&rft.pub=Universities+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-81-7371-433-7&rft.au=Indian+Science+Congress+Association&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADebendra+Mohan+Bose" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For more detail see, Rajinder Singh, S.C. Roy (<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.shaker.de/de/content/catalogue/index.asp?lang=de&ID=8&ISBN=978-3-8440-6126-0&search=yes">https://www.shaker.de/de/content/catalogue/index.asp?lang=de&ID=8&ISBN=978-3-8440-6126-0&search=yes</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1950/">"The Nobel Prize in Physics 1950"</a>. Nobelprize.org (Nobel Media)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 February</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Nobel+Prize+in+Physics+1950&rft.pub=Nobelprize.org+%28Nobel+Media%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fphysics%2Flaureates%2F1950%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADebendra+Mohan+Bose" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCecil_Frank_Powell1959" class="citation book cs1">Cecil Frank Powell (1959). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/studyofelementar0000powe"><i>The Study of Elementary Particles by the Photographic Method</i></a></span>. Pergamon Press. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/2404250">2404250</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Study+of+Elementary+Particles+by+the+Photographic+Method&rft.pub=Pergamon+Press&rft.date=1959&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F2404250&rft.au=Cecil+Frank+Powell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fstudyofelementar0000powe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADebendra+Mohan+Bose" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rajinder Singh, Celebrating 125th birth anniversary of DM Bose - Invitation to the Como conference, Science and Culture 76, 494-501, 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rajinder Singh: D.M. Bose - His scientific work in international context, Shaker Publisher, Aachen 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shaker.de/de/content/catalogue/index.asp?lang=de&ID=8&ISBN=978-3-8440-4619-9&search=yes">DM Bose Scientific work</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Debendra_Mohan_Bose&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://scientificman.com/2013/01/19/a-tribute-to-debendra-mohan-bose-the-unknown-indian-who-missed-the-nobel-prize/">http://scientificman.com/2013/01/19/a-tribute-to-debendra-mohan-bose-the-unknown-indian-who-missed-the-nobel-prize/</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Aurobindo" title="Sri Aurobindo">Sri Aurobindo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atul_Prasad_Sen" title="Atul Prasad Sen">Atul Prasad Sen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajnarayan_Basu" title="Rajnarayan Basu">Rajnarayan Basu</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Debendra Mohan Bose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagadish_Chandra_Bose" title="Jagadish Chandra Bose">Jagadish Chandra Bose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subhash_Chandra_Bose" class="mw-redirect" title="Subhash Chandra Bose">Subhash Chandra Bose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyendra_Nath_Bose" title="Satyendra Nath Bose">Satyendra Nath Bose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhusudan_Gupta" title="Madhusudan Gupta">Madhusudan Gupta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Elliot_Drinkwater_Bethune" title="John Elliot Drinkwater Bethune">Bethune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upendranath_Brahmachari" title="Upendranath Brahmachari">Upendranath Brahmachari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bankim_Chandra_Chatterjee" title="Bankim Chandra Chatterjee">Bankim Chandra Chatterjee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarat_Chandra_Chattopadhyay" title="Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay">Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akshay_Kumar_Datta" title="Akshay Kumar Datta">Akshay Kumar Datta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Louis_Vivian_Derozio" title="Henry Louis Vivian Derozio">Henry Derozio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Duff_(missionary)" title="Alexander Duff (missionary)">Alexander Duff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Madhusudan_Dutt" title="Michael Madhusudan Dutt">Michael Madhusudan Dutt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romesh_Chunder_Dutt" title="Romesh Chunder Dutt">Romesh Chunder Dutt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anil_Kumar_Gain" title="Anil Kumar Gain">Anil Kumar Gain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadambini_Ganguly" title="Kadambini Ganguly">Kadambini Ganguly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monomohun_Ghose" title="Monomohun Ghose">Monomohun Ghose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramgopal_Ghosh" title="Ramgopal Ghosh">Ramgopal Ghosh</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aghore_Nath_Gupta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aghore Nath Gupta (page does not exist)">Aghore Nath Gupta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Hare_(philanthropist)" title="David Hare (philanthropist)">David Hare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazi_Nazrul_Islam" title="Kazi Nazrul Islam">Kazi Nazrul Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Lafont" title="Eugène Lafont">Eugène Lafont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahanambrata_Brahmachari" title="Mahanambrata Brahmachari">Mahanambrata Brahmachari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashutosh_Mukherjee" title="Ashutosh Mukherjee">Ashutosh Mukherjee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalikrishna_Mitra" title="Kalikrishna Mitra">Kalikrishna Mitra</a></li> <li>Harish Chandra Mukherjee</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramakrishna" title="Ramakrishna">Ramakrishna Paramahamsa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gour_Govinda_Ray&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gour Govinda Ray (page does not exist)">Gour Govinda Ray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upendrakishore_Ray_Chowdhury" title="Upendrakishore Ray Chowdhury">Upendrakishore Ray Chowdhury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Mohan_Roy" class="mw-redirect" title="Ram Mohan Roy">Raja Ram Mohan Roy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meghnad_Saha" title="Meghnad Saha">Meghnad Saha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akshay_Chandra_Sarkar" title="Akshay Chandra Sarkar">Akshay Chandra Sarkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahendralal_Sarkar" title="Mahendralal Sarkar">Mahendralal Sarkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brajendra_Nath_Seal" title="Brajendra Nath Seal">Brajendra Nath Seal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girish_Chandra_Sen" title="Girish Chandra Sen">Girish Chandra Sen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keshub_Chandra_Sen" title="Keshub Chandra Sen">Keshub Chandra Sen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haraprasad_Shastri" class="mw-redirect" title="Haraprasad Shastri">Haraprasad Shastri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debendranath_Tagore" title="Debendranath Tagore">Debendranath Tagore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabindranath_Tagore" title="Rabindranath Tagore">Rabindranath Tagore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyendranath_Tagore" title="Satyendranath Tagore">Satyendranath Tagore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jnanadanandini_Devi" title="Jnanadanandini Devi">Jnanadanandini Devi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fanindra_Nath_Gooptu" title="Fanindra Nath Gooptu">Fanindra Nath Gooptu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sitanath_Tattwabhushan" title="Sitanath Tattwabhushan">Sitanath Tattwabhushan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahmabandhav_Upadhyay" title="Brahmabandhav Upadhyay">Brahmabandhav Upadhyay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Chandra_Vidyabagish" title="Ram Chandra Vidyabagish">Ram Chandra Vidyabagish</a></li> <li><a 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Prabhakar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyagraha" title="Satyagraha">Satyagraha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-Realization_Fellowship" title="Self-Realization Fellowship">Self-Realization Fellowship</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yogoda_Satsanga_Society_of_India" title="Yogoda Satsanga Society of India">Yogoda Satsanga</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swadeshi_movement" title="Swadeshi movement">Swadeshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tattwabodhini_Patrika" title="Tattwabodhini Patrika">Tattwabodhini Patrika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Bengal" title="Young Bengal">Young Bengal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chittagong_College" title="Chittagong College">Chittagong College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Statistical_Institute" title="Indian Statistical Institute">Indian Statistical Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_School,_Kolkata" title="Hindu School, Kolkata">Hindu School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jadavpur_University" title="Jadavpur University">Jadavpur University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_University,_Kolkata" title="Presidency University, Kolkata">Presidency University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Calcutta" title="University of Calcutta">University of Calcutta</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bethune_College" title="Bethune College">Bethune College</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Dhaka" title="University of Dhaka">University of Dhaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visva-Bharati_University" title="Visva-Bharati University">Visva-Bharati University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calcutta_School_of_Tropical_Medicine" title="Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine">Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div 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