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id="toc-Jews_and_the_Holocaust" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jews_and_the_Holocaust"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Jews and the Holocaust</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jews_and_the_Holocaust-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historical_demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historical_demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Historical demographics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historical_demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Miscellaneous" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Miscellaneous"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Miscellaneous</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Miscellaneous-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Western Thrace</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 37 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-37" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">37 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="تراقيا الغربية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تراقيا الغربية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q%C9%99rbi_Frakiya" title="Qərbi Frakiya – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qərbi Frakiya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%8F_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Заходняя Фракія – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Заходняя Фракія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Западна Тракия – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Западна Тракия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%A1padn%C3%AD_Thr%C3%A1kie" title="Západní Thrákie – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Západní Thrákie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thrakien_(geographische_Region_Griechenlands)" title="Thrakien (geographische Region Griechenlands) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Thrakien (geographische Region Griechenlands)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traakia_(Kreeka_geograafiline_piirkond)" title="Traakia (Kreeka geograafiline piirkond) – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Traakia (Kreeka geograafiline piirkond)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%98%CF%81%CE%AC%CE%BA%CE%B7_(%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%AD%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CE%B1)" title="Θράκη (διαμέρισμα) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Θράκη (διαμέρισμα)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tracia_Occidental" title="Tracia Occidental – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tracia Occidental" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mendebaldeko_Trazia" title="Mendebaldeko Trazia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Mendebaldeko Trazia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%87_%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%8C" title="تراکیه غربی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تراکیه غربی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thrace_occidentale" title="Thrace occidentale – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Thrace occidentale" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%84%9C%ED%8A%B8%EB%9D%BC%ED%82%A4%EC%95%84" title="서트라키아 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="서트라키아" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D6%80%D6%87%D5%B4%D5%BF%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D4%B9%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Արևմտյան Թրակիա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Արևմտյան Թրակիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zapadna_Tracija" title="Zapadna Tracija – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Zapadna Tracija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westal_Trakia" title="Westal Trakia – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Westal Trakia" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trakia_Barat" title="Trakia Barat – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Trakia Barat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vestur-%C3%9Erak%C3%ADa" title="Vestur-Þrakía – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Vestur-Þrakía" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tracia_occidentale" title="Tracia occidentale – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Tracia occidentale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA" title="תראקיה המערבית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תראקיה המערבית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98_%E1%83%97%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="დასავლეთი თრაკია – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="დასავლეთი თრაკია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trakijos_regionas" title="Trakijos regionas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Trakijos regionas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Западна Тракија – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Западна Тракија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gresk_Thr%C3%A1ki" title="Gresk Thráki – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Gresk Thráki" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%27arbiy_Frakiya" title="G'arbiy Frakiya – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="G'arbiy Frakiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DA%BE%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3" title="تھریس – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="تھریس" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%C3%A1cia_Ocidental" title="Trácia Ocidental – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Trácia Ocidental" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Западная Фракия – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Западная Фракия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%C3%A0chia_otzidentale" title="Tràchia otzidentale – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Tràchia otzidentale" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Thrace" title="Western Thrace – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Western Thrace" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%A1padn%C3%A1_Tr%C3%A1cia" title="Západná Trácia – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Západná Trácia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Западна Тракија – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Западна Тракија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A4nsi-Traakia" title="Länsi-Traakia – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Länsi-Traakia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bat%C4%B1_Trakya" title="Batı Trakya – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Batı Trakya" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Західна Фракія – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Західна Фракія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D8%AA%DA%BE%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3" title="مغربی تھریس – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مغربی تھریس" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Western_Thrace&params=41.1000_N_25.4167_E_source:wikidata"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">41°06′00″N</span> <span class="longitude">25°25′00″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">41.1000°N 25.4167°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">41.1000; 25.4167</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thrace_Prefecture&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Thrace Prefecture">Thrace Prefecture</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Thraki" redirects here. For ships named Thraki, see <a href="/wiki/SS_Thraki" class="mw-redirect" title="SS Thraki">SS Thraki</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Traditional region of Greece</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Thrace</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native" lang="el">Θράκη</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_geographic_divisions_of_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Traditional geographic divisions of Greece">Traditional region</a> <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">of Greece</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Location_map_of_Thrace_(Greece).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Thrace (blue) within Greece"><img alt="Thrace (blue) within Greece" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Location_map_of_Thrace_%28Greece%29.svg/250px-Location_map_of_Thrace_%28Greece%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="216" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Location_map_of_Thrace_%28Greece%29.svg/375px-Location_map_of_Thrace_%28Greece%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Location_map_of_Thrace_%28Greece%29.svg/500px-Location_map_of_Thrace_%28Greece%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="8460" data-file-height="7315" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Thrace (blue) within Greece</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Cession</th><td class="infobox-data">1920</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Replaced as <a href="/wiki/Administrative_regions_of_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative regions of Greece">administrative region</a> by <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Macedonia_and_Thrace" title="Eastern Macedonia and Thrace">Eastern Macedonia and Thrace</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1987</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Komotini" title="Komotini">Komotini</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Regional_units_of_Greece" title="Regional units of Greece">Regional units</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>List</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Xanthi_(regional_unit)" title="Xanthi (regional unit)">Xanthi</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Rhodope_(regional_unit)" title="Rhodope (regional unit)">Rhodope</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Evros_(regional_unit)" title="Evros (regional unit)">Evros</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Deputy_Minister_for_Macedonia_and_Thrace" title="Deputy Minister for Macedonia and Thrace">Deputy Minister</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stavros_Kalafatis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stavros Kalafatis (page does not exist)">Stavros Kalafatis</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CF%84%CE%B1%CF%8D%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%9A%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%B1%CF%86%CE%AC%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82" class="extiw" title="el:Σταύρος Καλαφάτης">el</a>]</span></span> (<span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/New_Democracy_(Greece)" title="New Democracy (Greece)">New Democracy</a></span>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">8,578 km<sup>2</sup> (3,312 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">371,208<br /><small>(2011 census)</small><sup id="cite_ref-2011_census_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2011_census-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">43/km<sup>2</sup> (110/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Thracian" class="extiw" title="wikt:Thracian">Thracian</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Largest City</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code"><a href="/wiki/Alexandroupolis" title="Alexandroupolis">Alexandroupolis</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pamth.gov.gr/">www<wbr />.pamth<wbr />.gov<wbr />.gr</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Western Thrace</b> or <b>West Thrace</b> (<a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: <span lang="el">[Δυτική] Θράκη</span>, <i>[Dytikí] Thráki</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="el-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Greek" title="Help:IPA/Greek">[ˈθraci]</a></span>) also known as <b>Greek Thrace</b> or <b>Aegean Thrace</b>, is a <a href="/wiki/Geography" title="Geography">geographic</a> and <a href="/wiki/History" title="History">historical</a> <a href="/wiki/Geographic_regions_of_Greece" title="Geographic regions of Greece">region</a> of <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a>, between the <a href="/wiki/Mesta_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Mesta River">Nestos</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maritsa" title="Maritsa">Evros</a> <a href="/wiki/River" title="River">rivers</a> in the northeast of the country; <a href="/wiki/East_Thrace" title="East Thrace">East Thrace</a>, which lies east of the river Evros, forms the <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">European</a> part of <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>, and the area to the north, in <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a>, is known as <a href="/wiki/Northern_Thrace" title="Northern Thrace">Northern Thrace</a>. </p><p>Inhabited since <a href="/wiki/Paleolithic" title="Paleolithic">paleolithic times</a>, it has been under the <a href="/wiki/Politics" title="Politics">political</a>, <a href="/wiki/Culture" title="Culture">cultural</a> and <a href="/wiki/Linguistics" title="Linguistics">linguistic</a> influence of the <a href="/wiki/Greeks" title="Greeks">Greek world</a> since the <a href="/wiki/Classical_antiquity" title="Classical antiquity">classical era</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-britannica.com_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica.com-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Greeks from the <a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Greece" title="List of islands of Greece">Aegean islands</a> extensively colonized the region (especially the coastal part) and built prosperous cities such as <a href="/wiki/Abdera,_Thrace" title="Abdera, Thrace">Abdera</a> (home of <a href="/wiki/Democritus" title="Democritus">Democritus</a>, the 5th-century B.C. philosopher who developed an atomic particle theory, and of <a href="/wiki/Protagoras" title="Protagoras">Protagoras</a>, a leading <a href="/wiki/Sophists" class="mw-redirect" title="Sophists">sophist</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Sale_(Thrace)" title="Sale (Thrace)">Sale</a> (near present-day Alexandroupolis).<sup id="cite_ref-britannica.com_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica.com-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a>, Western Thrace benefited from its position close to the imperial heartland and became a center of <a href="/wiki/Medieval_Greek" title="Medieval Greek">medieval Greek</a> <a href="/wiki/Commerce" title="Commerce">commerce</a> and culture; later, under the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>, a number of <a href="/wiki/Muslims" title="Muslims">Muslims</a> settled there, marking the birth of the <a href="/wiki/Muslim_minority_of_Greece" title="Muslim minority of Greece">Muslim minority of Greece</a>. </p><p>Topographically, Thrace alternates between mountain-enclosed basins of varying size and deeply cut river valleys. It is divided into the three <a href="/wiki/Regional_units_of_Greece" title="Regional units of Greece">regional units</a> (former <a href="/wiki/Prefectures_of_Greece" title="Prefectures of Greece">prefectures</a>): <a href="/wiki/Xanthi_(regional_unit)" title="Xanthi (regional unit)">Xanthi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rhodope_(regional_unit)" title="Rhodope (regional unit)">Rhodope</a> and <a href="/wiki/Evros_(regional_unit)" title="Evros (regional unit)">Evros</a>, which together with the <a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(Greece)" title="Macedonia (Greece)">Macedonian</a> regional units of <a href="/wiki/Drama_(regional_unit)" title="Drama (regional unit)">Drama</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kavala_(regional_unit)" title="Kavala (regional unit)">Kavala</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thasos" title="Thasos">Thasos</a> form the <a href="/wiki/Administrative_regions_of_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative regions of Greece">Region</a> of <a href="/wiki/East_Macedonia_and_Thrace" class="mw-redirect" title="East Macedonia and Thrace">East Macedonia and Thrace</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/IV_Army_Corps_(Greece)" title="IV Army Corps (Greece)">Fourth Army Corps</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Hellenic_Army" title="Hellenic Army">Hellenic Army</a> has its headquarters in <a href="/wiki/Xanthi" title="Xanthi">Xanthi</a>; in recent years, the region has attracted international media attention after becoming a key entering point for illegal immigrants trying to enter <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> territory; Greek security forces, working together with <a href="/wiki/Frontex" title="Frontex">Frontex</a>, are also extensively deployed in the Greco-Turkish land border. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Thrace&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_flag_of_Thrace_(black_cross).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Greek_flag_of_Thrace_%28black_cross%29.svg/200px-Greek_flag_of_Thrace_%28black_cross%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Greek_flag_of_Thrace_%28black_cross%29.svg/300px-Greek_flag_of_Thrace_%28black_cross%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Greek_flag_of_Thrace_%28black_cross%29.svg/400px-Greek_flag_of_Thrace_%28black_cross%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="330" data-file-height="220" /></a><figcaption>Flag of revolutionaries of Western Thrace and Samothrace during the <a href="/wiki/Greek_War_of_Independence" title="Greek War of Independence">Greek War of Independence</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The approximate area of Western Thrace is 8,578 <a href="/wiki/Square_kilometre" title="Square kilometre">km<sup>2</sup></a> with a <a href="/wiki/Population" title="Population">population</a> of 371,208 according to the 2011 <a href="/wiki/Census_in_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Census in Greece">census</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2011_census_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2011_census-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is estimated that two-thirds (67%) of the population are <a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Church" title="Greek Orthodox Church">Orthodox</a> <a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christian</a> <a href="/wiki/Greeks" title="Greeks">Greeks</a>, while about a third (33%) are <a href="/wiki/Muslim_minority_of_Greece" title="Muslim minority of Greece">Muslims</a> who are an officially recognised minority of Greece. Of these, about a quarter <a href="/wiki/Turks_of_Western_Thrace" title="Turks of Western Thrace">are of Turkish origin</a>, while another quarter are <a href="/wiki/Pomaks" title="Pomaks">Pomaks</a> who mainly inhabit the mountainous parts of the region. The rest are Muslim Greeks or Romani. The <a href="/wiki/Romani_people" title="Romani people">Romani</a> of Thrace are also mainly Muslim, unlike their ethnic kin in other parts of the country who generally profess the Orthodox faith of the Greek majority. </p><p>Thrace is bordered by <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a> to the north, <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> to the east, the <a href="/wiki/Aegean_Sea" title="Aegean Sea">Aegean Sea</a> (Greece) to the south and the <a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(Greece)" title="Macedonia (Greece)">Greek region of Macedonia</a> to the west. Alexandroupolis is the largest <a href="/wiki/City" title="City">city</a>, with a municipal population of 72,959 according to the 2011 census.<sup id="cite_ref-2011_census_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2011_census-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Below is a table of the five largest Thracian cities:<sup id="cite_ref-2011_census_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2011_census-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr class="hintergrundfarbe8"> <th>City </th> <th>Greek </th> <th>Town/city population<br /><small>(2011)</small> </th> <th>Municipality population<br /><small>(2011)</small> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Alexandroupolis" title="Alexandroupolis">Alexandroupolis</a> </td> <td>Αλεξανδρούπολη </td> <td align="right">58,125 </td> <td align="right">72,959 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Komotini" title="Komotini">Komotini</a> </td> <td>Κομοτηνή </td> <td align="right">54,272 </td> <td align="right">66,919 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Xanthi" title="Xanthi">Xanthi</a> </td> <td>Ξάνθη </td> <td align="right">56,151 </td> <td align="right">65,133 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Orestiada" title="Orestiada">Orestiada</a> </td> <td>Ορεστιάδα </td> <td align="right">20,211 </td> <td align="right">37,695 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Didymoteicho" title="Didymoteicho">Didymoteicho</a> </td> <td>Διδυμότειχο </td> <td align="right">9,367 </td> <td align="right">19,493 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Thrace&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Thrace" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Thrace">History of Thrace</a> and <a href="/wiki/Greece_during_World_War_I" title="Greece during World War I">Greece during World War I</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Abdera.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Abdera.JPG/220px-Abdera.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Abdera.JPG/330px-Abdera.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Abdera.JPG/440px-Abdera.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Ruins of the ancient city of <a href="/wiki/Abdera,_Thrace" title="Abdera, Thrace">Abdera</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:20100913_Ancient_Theater_Marwneia_Rhodope_Greece_panoramic_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/20100913_Ancient_Theater_Marwneia_Rhodope_Greece_panoramic_2.jpg/220px-20100913_Ancient_Theater_Marwneia_Rhodope_Greece_panoramic_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/20100913_Ancient_Theater_Marwneia_Rhodope_Greece_panoramic_2.jpg/330px-20100913_Ancient_Theater_Marwneia_Rhodope_Greece_panoramic_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/20100913_Ancient_Theater_Marwneia_Rhodope_Greece_panoramic_2.jpg/440px-20100913_Ancient_Theater_Marwneia_Rhodope_Greece_panoramic_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4814" data-file-height="1678" /></a><figcaption>The ancient theatre of <a href="/wiki/Maroneia" title="Maroneia">Maroneia</a></figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Plotinupolis_mosaics_Dydimoteicho_Evros_Greece_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Plotinupolis_mosaics_Dydimoteicho_Evros_Greece_3.jpg/220px-Plotinupolis_mosaics_Dydimoteicho_Evros_Greece_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Plotinupolis_mosaics_Dydimoteicho_Evros_Greece_3.jpg/330px-Plotinupolis_mosaics_Dydimoteicho_Evros_Greece_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Plotinupolis_mosaics_Dydimoteicho_Evros_Greece_3.jpg/440px-Plotinupolis_mosaics_Dydimoteicho_Evros_Greece_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="502" data-file-height="361" /></a><figcaption>Roman mosaics in Plotinopolis, modern <a href="/wiki/Didymoteicho" title="Didymoteicho">Didymoteicho</a></figcaption></figure> <p>After the Roman conquest, Western Thrace further belonged to the <a href="/wiki/Thracia" title="Thracia">Roman province of Thracia</a> founded in 46 AD. At the beginning of the 2nd AD century Roman emperor <a href="/wiki/Trajan" title="Trajan">Trajan</a> founded here, as a part of the provincial policy, two cities of Greek type (i.e. city-states), <a href="/wiki/Traianoupoli" title="Traianoupoli">Traianoupolis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Plotinopolis" title="Plotinopolis">Plotinopolis</a>. From this region passed the famous <a href="/wiki/Via_Egnatia" title="Via Egnatia">Via Egnatia</a>, which ensured the communication between East and West, while its ramifications were connecting the Aegean world with Thracian hinterland (i.e. upper and middle valley of Evros river). From the coast also passed the sea route Troad–Macedonia, which the Apostle Paul had used in his journeys in Greece. During the great crisis of the Roman Empire in the 3rd century AD, Western Thrace suffered from the frequent incursions of the barbarians until the reign of <a href="/wiki/Diocletian" title="Diocletian">Diocletian</a>, when it managed to prosper again thanks to its administrative reforms.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The region had been under the rule of the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a> from the time of the division of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a> into Eastern and Western empires in the early fourth century AD. The <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> conquered most of the region in the 14th century and ruled it until the <a href="/wiki/Balkan_Wars" title="Balkan Wars">Balkan Wars</a> of 1912–1913. During Ottoman rule, Thrace had a mixed population of <a href="/wiki/Turkic_peoples" title="Turkic peoples">Turks</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bulgarians" title="Bulgarians">Bulgarians</a>, with a strong <a href="/wiki/Greeks" title="Greeks">Greek</a> element in the cities and the Aegean Sea <a href="/wiki/Littoral" class="mw-redirect" title="Littoral">littoral</a>. A smaller number of Pomaks, Jews, Armenians and Romani also lived in the region. At 1821, several parts of Western Thrace, such as <a href="/wiki/Lavara" title="Lavara">Lavara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maroneia" title="Maroneia">Maroneia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Samothraki" class="mw-redirect" title="Samothraki">Samothraki</a> rebelled and participated in the <a href="/wiki/Greek_War_of_Independence" title="Greek War of Independence">Greek War of Independence</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stamp_Thrace_Greek_occ_1920_2l_ovpt.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Stamp_Thrace_Greek_occ_1920_2l_ovpt.jpg/100px-Stamp_Thrace_Greek_occ_1920_2l_ovpt.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Stamp_Thrace_Greek_occ_1920_2l_ovpt.jpg/150px-Stamp_Thrace_Greek_occ_1920_2l_ovpt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Stamp_Thrace_Greek_occ_1920_2l_ovpt.jpg/200px-Stamp_Thrace_Greek_occ_1920_2l_ovpt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption>Greek administration stamp in Western Thrace, 1920</figcaption></figure> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/Balkan_Wars" title="Balkan Wars">First Balkan War</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Balkan_League" title="Balkan League">Balkan League</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Serbia" title="Kingdom of Serbia">Serbia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Greece" title="Kingdom of Greece">Greece</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Montenegro" title="Kingdom of Montenegro">Montenegro</a>) fought against the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> and annexed most of its European territory, including Thrace. Western Thrace was occupied by Bulgarian troops who defeated the Ottoman army. On 15 November 1912, on the right bank of the river <a href="/wiki/Maritsa" title="Maritsa">Maritza</a>, <a href="/wiki/Macedonian-Adrianopolitan_Volunteer_Corps" title="Macedonian-Adrianopolitan Volunteer Corps">Macedonian-Adrianopolitan Volunteer Corps</a> captured the Turkish corps of Yaver Paha, which defended Eastern <a href="/wiki/Rhodopes" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhodopes">Rhodopes</a> and Western Thrace from invading Bulgarians. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%CE%A4%CE%BF_%CE%91%CF%81%CF%87%CE%BF%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%9A%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BC%CF%84%CE%B6%CF%8C%CE%B3%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%85,_%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B1_%CF%83%CE%BF%CE%BA%CE%AC%CE%BA%CE%B9%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CF%80%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%AC%CF%82_%CF%80%CF%8C%CE%BB%CE%B7%CF%82_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%9E%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B8%CE%B7%CF%82_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/%CE%A4%CE%BF_%CE%91%CF%81%CF%87%CE%BF%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%9A%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BC%CF%84%CE%B6%CF%8C%CE%B3%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%85%2C_%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B1_%CF%83%CE%BF%CE%BA%CE%AC%CE%BA%CE%B9%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CF%80%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%AC%CF%82_%CF%80%CF%8C%CE%BB%CE%B7%CF%82_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%9E%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B8%CE%B7%CF%82_-_panoramio.jpg/220px-%CE%A4%CE%BF_%CE%91%CF%81%CF%87%CE%BF%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%9A%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BC%CF%84%CE%B6%CF%8C%CE%B3%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%85%2C_%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B1_%CF%83%CE%BF%CE%BA%CE%AC%CE%BA%CE%B9%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CF%80%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%AC%CF%82_%CF%80%CF%8C%CE%BB%CE%B7%CF%82_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%9E%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B8%CE%B7%CF%82_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/%CE%A4%CE%BF_%CE%91%CF%81%CF%87%CE%BF%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%9A%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BC%CF%84%CE%B6%CF%8C%CE%B3%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%85%2C_%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B1_%CF%83%CE%BF%CE%BA%CE%AC%CE%BA%CE%B9%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CF%80%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%AC%CF%82_%CF%80%CF%8C%CE%BB%CE%B7%CF%82_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%9E%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B8%CE%B7%CF%82_-_panoramio.jpg/330px-%CE%A4%CE%BF_%CE%91%CF%81%CF%87%CE%BF%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%9A%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BC%CF%84%CE%B6%CF%8C%CE%B3%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%85%2C_%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B1_%CF%83%CE%BF%CE%BA%CE%AC%CE%BA%CE%B9%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CF%80%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%AC%CF%82_%CF%80%CF%8C%CE%BB%CE%B7%CF%82_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%9E%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B8%CE%B7%CF%82_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/%CE%A4%CE%BF_%CE%91%CF%81%CF%87%CE%BF%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%9A%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BC%CF%84%CE%B6%CF%8C%CE%B3%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%85%2C_%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B1_%CF%83%CE%BF%CE%BA%CE%AC%CE%BA%CE%B9%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CF%80%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%AC%CF%82_%CF%80%CF%8C%CE%BB%CE%B7%CF%82_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%9E%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B8%CE%B7%CF%82_-_panoramio.jpg/440px-%CE%A4%CE%BF_%CE%91%CF%81%CF%87%CE%BF%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%9A%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BC%CF%84%CE%B6%CF%8C%CE%B3%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%85%2C_%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B1_%CF%83%CE%BF%CE%BA%CE%AC%CE%BA%CE%B9%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CF%80%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%AC%CF%82_%CF%80%CF%8C%CE%BB%CE%B7%CF%82_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%9E%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B8%CE%B7%CF%82_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1180" /></a><figcaption>View of the old town of <a href="/wiki/Xanthi" title="Xanthi">Xanthi</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The victors quickly fell into dispute on how to divide the newly conquered lands, resulting in the <a href="/wiki/Balkan_Wars" title="Balkan Wars">Second Balkan War</a>. In August 1913, Bulgaria was defeated, but kept Western Thrace under the terms of the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Bucharest,_1913" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Bucharest, 1913">Treaty of Bucharest</a>. </p><p>In the following years, the <a href="/wiki/Central_Powers" title="Central Powers">Central Powers</a> (<a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">Germany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austria-Hungary</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>), with which Bulgaria had sided, lost <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, and as a result, Bulgaria had to surrender Western Thrace under the terms of the 1919 <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Neuilly" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Neuilly">Treaty of Neuilly</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Western Thrace was under temporary management of the <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_I" title="Allies of World War I">Entente</a> led by French General Charles Antoine Charpy. In late April 1920, as per the <a href="/wiki/San_Remo_conference" title="San Remo conference">San Remo conference</a> which gathered the leaders of the main allies of the Entente powers (except the US), Western Thrace was given to Greece. </p><p>Throughout the <a href="/wiki/Balkan_Wars" title="Balkan Wars">Balkan Wars</a> and <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a>, Greece and <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> each forced respective minority populations in the <a href="/wiki/Thrace" title="Thrace">Thrace</a> region out of areas they controlled. A large population of <a href="/wiki/Greek_refugees" title="Greek refugees">Greeks</a> in <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Thrace" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Thrace">Eastern Thrace</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Black_Sea" title="Black Sea">Black Sea</a> coastal and southern Bulgaria, was expelled south and west into Greek-controlled Thrace. Concurrently, a large population of Bulgarians was forced from the region into Bulgaria by Greek and Turkish actions. Turkish populations in the area were also targeted by Bulgarian and Greek forces and pushed eastward. As part of the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Neuilly" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Neuilly">Treaty of Neuilly</a> and subsequent agreements, the status of the expelled populations was legitimized. This was followed by a further population exchange which radically changed the demographics of the region toward increased ethnic homogenization within the territories each respective country was ultimately awarded. </p><p>This was followed by the large-scale <a href="/wiki/Exchange_of_populations_between_Greece_and_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Exchange of populations between Greece and Turkey">Greek-Turkish population exchanges of 1923</a> (<a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Lausanne" title="Treaty of Lausanne">Treaty of Lausanne</a>), which finalized the reversal of Western and <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Thrace" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Thrace">Eastern Thrace</a> region's pre-Balkan War demography. The treaty granted the status of a minority to the <a href="/wiki/Muslims" title="Muslims">Muslims</a> in Western Thrace, in exchange for a similar status for the ethnic <a href="/wiki/Greeks" title="Greeks">Greek</a> <a href="/wiki/Greeks_in_Turkey" title="Greeks in Turkey">minority</a> in <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a> and the Aegean islands of <a href="/wiki/Imbros" title="Imbros">Imbros</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tenedos" title="Tenedos">Tenedos</a>. </p><p>After the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Greece">German invasion</a> (April 1941), the area was occupied by Bulgarian troops, as part of the triple <a href="/wiki/Axis_occupation_of_Greece" title="Axis occupation of Greece">Axis occupation of Greece</a>, during World War II. During this period (1941–1944) the demographic distribution was further changed, with the <a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust_in_Bulgarian-occupied_Greece" title="The Holocaust in Bulgarian-occupied Greece">arrest of the region's approximately 4,500 Jews by the Bulgarian police</a> and their deportation to death camps administered by Germany. None of them survived.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Thrace&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ImagevisitTzivreSoufli.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/ImagevisitTzivreSoufli.jpg/200px-ImagevisitTzivreSoufli.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/ImagevisitTzivreSoufli.jpg/300px-ImagevisitTzivreSoufli.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/ImagevisitTzivreSoufli.jpg/400px-ImagevisitTzivreSoufli.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Old silk factory in <a href="/wiki/Soufli" title="Soufli">Soufli</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The economy of Thrace in recent years<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (April 2019)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> has become less dependent on agriculture. A number of Greek-owned high-tech telecommunications companies have settled in the area. The <a href="/wiki/A2_motorway_(Greece)" title="A2 motorway (Greece)">A2 motorway</a> (Egnatia Odos) motorway which passes through Thrace has contributed to the further development of the region. Tourism is slowly becoming more and more important as the Aegean coast has a number of beaches, and there is also the potential for winter tourism activities in the <a href="/wiki/Rhodope_mountains" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhodope mountains">Rhodopi mountains</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>, the natural border with Bulgaria, which are covered by dense forest. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religion">Religion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Thrace&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:20120508_Greek_orthodox_Church_Panagias_Komotini_West_Thrace_Greece.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/20120508_Greek_orthodox_Church_Panagias_Komotini_West_Thrace_Greece.jpg/200px-20120508_Greek_orthodox_Church_Panagias_Komotini_West_Thrace_Greece.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/20120508_Greek_orthodox_Church_Panagias_Komotini_West_Thrace_Greece.jpg/300px-20120508_Greek_orthodox_Church_Panagias_Komotini_West_Thrace_Greece.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/20120508_Greek_orthodox_Church_Panagias_Komotini_West_Thrace_Greece.jpg/400px-20120508_Greek_orthodox_Church_Panagias_Komotini_West_Thrace_Greece.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4256" data-file-height="2832" /></a><figcaption>Kimisis Tis Theotokou, <a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Church" title="Greek Orthodox Church">Greek Orthodox Church</a>, <a href="/wiki/Komotini" title="Komotini">Komotini</a>, West Thrace</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:20120718_Eski_Mosque_Komotini_Thrace_Greece_Panoramic.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/20120718_Eski_Mosque_Komotini_Thrace_Greece_Panoramic.jpg/200px-20120718_Eski_Mosque_Komotini_Thrace_Greece_Panoramic.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/20120718_Eski_Mosque_Komotini_Thrace_Greece_Panoramic.jpg/300px-20120718_Eski_Mosque_Komotini_Thrace_Greece_Panoramic.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/20120718_Eski_Mosque_Komotini_Thrace_Greece_Panoramic.jpg/400px-20120718_Eski_Mosque_Komotini_Thrace_Greece_Panoramic.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2921" data-file-height="2940" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Old_Mosque_(Komotini)" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Mosque (Komotini)">Eski Mosque</a> in Komotini</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Komotini_holocaust_memorial_c.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Komotini_holocaust_memorial_c.jpg/200px-Komotini_holocaust_memorial_c.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Komotini_holocaust_memorial_c.jpg/300px-Komotini_holocaust_memorial_c.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Komotini_holocaust_memorial_c.jpg/400px-Komotini_holocaust_memorial_c.jpg 2x" data-file-width="641" data-file-height="491" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust_in_Bulgarian-occupied_Greece" title="The Holocaust in Bulgarian-occupied Greece">Holocaust</a> Memorial</figcaption></figure> <p>It's estimated that two-thirds (67%) of the population are Orthodox Christian Greeks while about a third (33%) are part of the recognized Muslim minority of Greece.<sup id="cite_ref-2011_census_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2011_census-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Of the Muslim minority:<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turks_of_Western_Thrace" title="Turks of Western Thrace">Turkish</a>: ~35%</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomaks" title="Pomaks">Pomaks</a>: ~35%</li> <li>Roma people: ~15%</li> <li>ethnic <a href="/wiki/Greek_Muslims" title="Greek Muslims">Greek Muslims</a>: ~15%</li></ul> <p>Turkey, a signatory state of the Lausanne Treaty, initially claimed the whole of the Muslim minority to be strictly an ethnic <a href="/wiki/Turks_of_Western_Thrace" title="Turks of Western Thrace">Turkish minority</a> even though it actually consists of multiple ethnic groups. In his 7 December 2017 visit to Greece <a href="/wiki/President_of_Turkey" title="President of Turkey">Turkish President</a> <a href="/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Recep Tayyip Erdoğan</a>, acknowledged for the first time the multi-ethnic nature of the Western Thracian Muslim minority.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jews_and_the_Holocaust">Jews and the Holocaust</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Thrace&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Jews and the Holocaust"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Before World War 2 Western Thrace was home to a <a href="/wiki/Sephardic_Jews" title="Sephardic Jews">Sephardic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ashkenazi_Jews" title="Ashkenazi Jews">Ashkenazi</a> Jewish population. After Greece was occupied by <a href="/wiki/Axis_powers" title="Axis powers">Axis</a> forces, around 4,075 Jews living in Western Thrace and Macedonia were sent to <a href="/wiki/Treblinka_extermination_camp" title="Treblinka extermination camp">Treblinka extermination camp</a> and were murdered.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBowman200916_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBowman200916-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historical_demographics">Historical demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Thrace&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Historical demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alexandroupolis_Port_(April_2017).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Alexandroupolis_Port_%28April_2017%29.jpg/200px-Alexandroupolis_Port_%28April_2017%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Alexandroupolis_Port_%28April_2017%29.jpg/300px-Alexandroupolis_Port_%28April_2017%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Alexandroupolis_Port_%28April_2017%29.jpg/400px-Alexandroupolis_Port_%28April_2017%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4128" data-file-height="2322" /></a><figcaption>The port of <a href="/wiki/Alexandroupolis" title="Alexandroupolis">Alexandroupolis</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Die_Athanasiou_Pantazidou_Stra%C3%9Fe_im_Stadtzentrum_(2017).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Die_Athanasiou_Pantazidou_Stra%C3%9Fe_im_Stadtzentrum_%282017%29.jpg/200px-Die_Athanasiou_Pantazidou_Stra%C3%9Fe_im_Stadtzentrum_%282017%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Die_Athanasiou_Pantazidou_Stra%C3%9Fe_im_Stadtzentrum_%282017%29.jpg/300px-Die_Athanasiou_Pantazidou_Stra%C3%9Fe_im_Stadtzentrum_%282017%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Die_Athanasiou_Pantazidou_Stra%C3%9Fe_im_Stadtzentrum_%282017%29.jpg/400px-Die_Athanasiou_Pantazidou_Stra%C3%9Fe_im_Stadtzentrum_%282017%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Orestiada" title="Orestiada">Orestiada</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:View_of_Samothraki.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/View_of_Samothraki.jpg/200px-View_of_Samothraki.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/View_of_Samothraki.jpg/300px-View_of_Samothraki.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/View_of_Samothraki.jpg/400px-View_of_Samothraki.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1229" data-file-height="790" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Samothrace" title="Samothrace">Samothrace</a> island</figcaption></figure> <p>The last censuses which asked about ethnicity were held in the transitional period before the region became part of Greece.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> A number of estimates and censuses during the 1912-1920 period gave the following results about the ethnic distribution of the area that would become known as Western Thrace:<sup id="cite_ref-Aarbakke_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aarbakke-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" width="250" align="center" rules="all" style="margin: 1em; background: #ffffff; border: 2px solid #aaa; font-size: 100%;"> <tbody><tr bgcolor="#DDDDDD"> <td colspan="9" align="center">General Distribution of Population in Western Thrace (1912–1920) </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#f0f0f0" align="center"> <th>Census/Estimate </th> <th>Muslims </th> <th>Pomaks </th> <th>Bulgarians </th> <th>Greeks </th> <th>Others </th> <th>Total </th></tr> <tr> <td>1912 estimate</td> <td>120,000</td> <td>-</td> <td>40,000</td> <td>60,000</td> <td>4,000</td> <td>224,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1919 Bulgarian</td> <td>79,539</td> <td>17,369</td> <td>87,941</td> <td>28,647</td> <td>10,922</td> <td>224,418 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1919 Bulgarian</td> <td>77,726</td> <td>20,309</td> <td>81,457</td> <td>32,553</td> <td>8,435</td> <td>220,480 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1920 French</td> <td>74,730</td> <td>11,848</td> <td>54,092</td> <td>56,114</td> <td>7,906</td> <td>204,690 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1920 Greek</td> <td>93,273</td> <td>-</td> <td>25,677</td> <td>74,416</td> <td>6,038</td> <td>201,404 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The Pomak population depending on the source was sometimes counted together with the Turks (Muslims) following the Ottoman system of classifying people according to religion, while in other occasions was specified separately. According to the Bulgarian view, they are considered "Bulgarian Muslims" and an integral part of the Bulgarian nation.<sup id="cite_ref-Aarbakke_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aarbakke-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the Bulgarian census in 1919, held on the request of the Entente,<sup id="cite_ref-promacedonia.org_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-promacedonia.org-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of the population of Western Thrace<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was 219,723 of whom: Turks 35.4% (77,726 Muslims), Bulgarians 46.3% (101,766 - 81,457 Christians and 20 309 Muslims), Greeks 14.8% (32,553 Christians), Jews 1.4% (3,066) Armenians 1.5% (2,369), others 0,9% (1,243). The area ceded to the Entente also included <a href="/wiki/Karaa%C4%9Fa%C3%A7,_Edirne" title="Karaağaç, Edirne">Karaagach</a> and its environs, which became part of Turkey after the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Lausanne" title="Treaty of Lausanne">Treaty of Lausanne</a>. </p> <table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" width="250" align="center" rules="all" style="margin: 1em; background: #ffffff; border: 2px solid #aaa; font-size: 100%;"> <tbody><tr bgcolor="#DDDDDD"> <td colspan="9" align="center">1919 Bulgarian Census of Western Thrace <sup id="cite_ref-promacedonia.org_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-promacedonia.org-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#f0f0f0" align="center"> <th>Districts </th> <th>Total </th> <th>Turks </th> <th>Bulgarian Christians </th> <th>Bulgarian Muslims (Pomaks) </th> <th>Greeks </th> <th>Jews </th> <th>Armenians </th> <th>Others </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Karaa%C4%9Fa%C3%A7,_Edirne" title="Karaağaç, Edirne">Karaagach</a></td> <td>25,669</td> <td>-</td> <td>12,874</td> <td>-</td> <td>11,133</td> <td>284</td> <td>835</td> <td>443 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Didymoteicho" title="Didymoteicho">Dimotika</a></td> <td>25,081</td> <td>581</td> <td>6,070</td> <td>-</td> <td>16,856</td> <td>1,152</td> <td>298</td> <td>47 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Soufli" title="Soufli">Soflu</a></td> <td>16,748</td> <td>339</td> <td>12,280</td> <td>-</td> <td>4,097</td> <td>9</td> <td>21</td> <td>50 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Alexandroupolis" title="Alexandroupolis">Dedeagach</a></td> <td>18,380</td> <td>625</td> <td>17,036</td> <td>-</td> <td>18</td> <td>164</td> <td>465</td> <td>72 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Komotini" title="Komotini">Gumurdjina</a></td> <td>92,235</td> <td>55,754</td> <td>21,879</td> <td>10,802</td> <td>364</td> <td>1,200</td> <td>650</td> <td>1,579 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Xanthi" title="Xanthi">Xanthi</a></td> <td>41,619</td> <td>20,350</td> <td>10,575</td> <td>9,500</td> <td>85</td> <td>250</td> <td>100</td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <td>Total</td> <td>219,723</td> <td>77,726 (35.4%)</td> <td>81,457 (37.1%)</td> <td>20,309 (9.2%)</td> <td>32,553 (14.8%)</td> <td>3,066 (1.4%)</td> <td>2,369 (1.5%)</td> <td>2,243 (0.6%) </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Western Thrace was ceded to the Entente in December 1919, after which many Bulgarians left the region, while many Greeks moved in. The Government of the Entente (led by French general Sharpe) held its own census in 1920,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#What_information_to_include" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="A complete citation is needed. (April 2013)">full citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> according to which Western Thrace had a population of 204,700, of whom: Turks 36.5% (74,720 Muslims), Bulgarians 32.2% (65,927 = 54,079 Christians and 11,848 Muslims), Greeks 27.4% (56,114 Christians), Jews 1.5% (2,985) Armenians 0.9% (1,880), others 3,066. At the time this census was conducted, a part of the Greek population of Xanthi, who left massively the Xanthi district after the Balkan wars (1913), returned.<sup id="cite_ref-Aarbakke_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aarbakke-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" width="250" align="center" rules="all" style="margin: 1em; background: #ffffff; border: 2px solid #aaa; font-size: 100%;"> <tbody><tr bgcolor="#DDDDDD"> <td colspan="9" align="center">Census in 1920 conducted by the Entente Powers in Western Thrace.<sup id="cite_ref-Aarbakke_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aarbakke-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#f0f0f0" align="center"> <th>Districts </th> <th>Total </th> <th>Turks </th> <th>Bulgarians </th> <th>Pomaks (Bulgarian Muslims) </th> <th>Greeks </th> <th>Jews </th> <th>Armenians </th> <th>Others </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Karaa%C4%9Fa%C3%A7,_Edirne" title="Karaağaç, Edirne">Karaagach</a></td> <td>27,193</td> <td>5</td> <td>10,200</td> <td>-</td> <td>15,045</td> <td>370</td> <td>450</td> <td>1,123 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Didymoteicho" title="Didymoteicho">Dimotika</a></td> <td>26,313</td> <td>1,247</td> <td>4,956</td> <td>-</td> <td>18,856</td> <td>878</td> <td>157</td> <td>192 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Soufli" title="Soufli">Soflu</a></td> <td>21,250</td> <td>2,770</td> <td>10,995</td> <td>-</td> <td>7,435</td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td>50 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Alexandroupolis" title="Alexandroupolis">Dedeagach</a></td> <td>16,317</td> <td>640</td> <td>11,543</td> <td>-</td> <td>3,355</td> <td>165</td> <td>512</td> <td>102 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Komotini" title="Komotini">Komotini</a></td> <td>64,961</td> <td>39,601</td> <td>14,794</td> <td>2,341</td> <td>4,773</td> <td>1,292</td> <td>651</td> <td>1,559 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Xanthi" title="Xanthi">Xanthi</a></td> <td>48,666</td> <td>30,538</td> <td>1,591</td> <td>9,507</td> <td>6,650</td> <td>280</td> <td>200</td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <td>Total</td> <td>204,700</td> <td>74,720 (36.5%)</td> <td>54,079 (26.4%)</td> <td>11,848 (5,8%)</td> <td>56,114 (27.4%)</td> <td>2,985 (1.5%)</td> <td>1,880 (0.9%)</td> <td>3,066 (1.5%) </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>According to the Turkish researches<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the population of Western Thrace in 1923 was 191,699, of whom 129,120 (67%) were <a href="/wiki/Turkish_people" title="Turkish people">Turks/Muslims</a> (also includes the <a href="/wiki/Pomaks" title="Pomaks">Pomaks</a>) and 33,910 (18%) were <a href="/wiki/Greeks" title="Greeks">Greeks</a>; the remaining 28,669 (15%) were mostly (Christian) <a href="/wiki/Bulgarians" title="Bulgarians">Bulgarians</a>, along with small numbers of <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jews</a> and <a href="/wiki/Armenians" title="Armenians">Armenians</a> (before the population exchange). </p> <table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" width="250" align="center" rules="all" style="margin: 1em; background: #ffffff; border: 2px solid #aaa; font-size: 100%;"> <tbody><tr bgcolor="#DDDDDD"> <td colspan="8" align="center">General Distribution of Population in Western Thrace in 1923, prior to the Greek-Turkish population exchange, according to Turkish claims (based on of 1913)<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#f0f0f0" align="center"> <th>Districts </th> <th>Total </th> <th>Turks </th> <th>Greeks </th> <th>Bulgarians </th> <th>Jews </th> <th>Armenians </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Soufli" title="Soufli">Soufli</a></td> <td>31,768</td> <td>14,736</td> <td>11,542</td> <td>5,490</td> <td>-</td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Alexandroupolis" title="Alexandroupolis">Alexandroupolis</a></td> <td>27,473</td> <td>11,744</td> <td>4,800</td> <td>10,227</td> <td>253</td> <td>449 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Komotini" title="Komotini">Komotini</a></td> <td>80,165</td> <td>59,967</td> <td>8,834</td> <td>9,997</td> <td>1,007</td> <td>360 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Xanthi" title="Xanthi">Xanthi</a></td> <td>52, 255</td> <td>42,671</td> <td>8,728</td> <td>522</td> <td>220</td> <td>114 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Total</td> <td>191,699</td> <td>129,120 (67,4%)</td> <td>33,910 (17,7%)</td> <td>26,266 (13,7%)</td> <td>1,480 (0,8%)</td> <td>923 (0,5%) </td></tr></tbody></table> <table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" width="250" align="center" rules="all" style="margin: 1em; background: #ffffff; border: 2px solid #aaa; font-size: 100%;"> <tbody><tr bgcolor="#DDDDDD"> <td colspan="8" align="center">General Distribution of Population in Western Thrace in 1923, according to Greek delegation in Laussane<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#f0f0f0" align="center"> <th>Districts </th> <th>Total </th> <th>Greeks </th> <th>Turks </th> <th>Bulgarians </th> <th>Jews </th> <th>Armenians </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Didymoteicho" title="Didymoteicho">Didymoteicho</a></td> <td>34,621</td> <td>31,408</td> <td>3,213</td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Soufli" title="Soufli">Soufli</a></td> <td>32,299</td> <td>25,758</td> <td>5,454</td> <td>1,117</td> <td>-</td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Orestiada" title="Orestiada">Orestiada</a></td> <td>39,386</td> <td>33,764</td> <td>6,072</td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Alexandroupolis" title="Alexandroupolis">Alexandroupolis</a></td> <td>38,553</td> <td>26,856</td> <td>2,705</td> <td>9,102</td> <td>-</td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Komotini" title="Komotini">Komotini</a></td> <td>104,108</td> <td>45,516</td> <td>50,081</td> <td>6,609</td> <td>1,112</td> <td>1,183 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Xanthi" title="Xanthi">Xanthi</a></td> <td>64,744</td> <td>36,859</td> <td>27,882</td> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <td>Total</td> <td>314,235</td> <td>199,704 (63,6%)</td> <td>95,407 (30,4%)</td> <td>16,828 (5,4%)</td> <td>1,112 (0,4%)</td> <td>1,183 (0,4%) </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The population of the region, according to the official census of 1928 and 1951 conducted by the local authorities, per mother tongue, was as follows:<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" width="250" align="center" rules="all" style="margin: 1em; background: #ffffff; border: 2px solid #aaa; font-size: 100%;"> <tbody><tr bgcolor="#DDDDDD"> <td colspan="8" align="center">Population in Western Thrace per mother tongue, 1928 (official census) </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#f0f0f0" align="center"> <th>Prefectures </th> <th>Total </th> <th>Greek </th> <th>Turkish </th> <th>Slavic </th> <th>Aromanian </th> <th>Albanian </th> <th>Pomak </th> <th>Jewish </th> <th>Other </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Evros_Prefecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Evros Prefecture">Evros</a></td> <td>122,730</td> <td>102,688</td> <td>16,626</td> <td>520</td> <td>5</td> <td>9</td> <td>2</td> <td>1,010</td> <td>1,870 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Xanthi_Prefecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Xanthi Prefecture">Xanthi</a></td> <td>89,266</td> <td>44,343</td> <td>27,562</td> <td>294</td> <td>37</td> <td>175</td> <td>14,257</td> <td>694</td> <td>1,904 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rodopi_Prefecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Rodopi Prefecture">Rodopi</a></td> <td>91,175</td> <td>36,216</td> <td>49,521</td> <td>245</td> <td>26</td> <td>21</td> <td>2,481</td> <td>1,178</td> <td>1,487 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Total</td> <td>303,171</td> <td>183,247 (60,4%)</td> <td>93,709 (30,9%)</td> <td>1,059 (0,3%)</td> <td>68 (<0,1%)</td> <td>205 (<0,1%)</td> <td>16,740 (5,5%)</td> <td>2,882 (1%)</td> <td>5,261 (1,7%) </td></tr></tbody></table> <table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" width="250" align="center" rules="all" style="margin: 1em; background: #ffffff; border: 2px solid #aaa; font-size: 100%;"> <tbody><tr bgcolor="#DDDDDD"> <td colspan="8" align="center">Population in Western Thrace per mother tongue, 1951 (official census) </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#f0f0f0" align="center"> <th>Prefectures </th> <th>Total </th> <th>Greek </th> <th>Turkish </th> <th>Slavic </th> <th>Aromanian </th> <th>Albanian </th> <th>Pomak </th> <th>Jewish </th> <th>Other </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Evros_Prefecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Evros Prefecture">Evros</a></td> <td>141,340</td> <td>126,229</td> <td>10,061</td> <td>0</td> <td>18</td> <td>4,121</td> <td>112</td> <td>18</td> <td>781 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Xanthi_Prefecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Xanthi Prefecture">Xanthi</a></td> <td>89,891</td> <td>46,147</td> <td>26,010</td> <td>8</td> <td>5</td> <td>354</td> <td>16,926</td> <td>2</td> <td>439 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rodopi_Prefecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Rodopi Prefecture">Rodopi</a></td> <td>105,723</td> <td>45,505</td> <td>57,785</td> <td>0</td> <td>2</td> <td>5</td> <td>1,628</td> <td>8</td> <td>790 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Total</td> <td>336,954</td> <td>217,881 (64,7%)</td> <td>93,856 (27,9%)</td> <td>8 (<0,1%)</td> <td>25 (<0,1%)</td> <td>4,480 (1,3%)</td> <td>18,666 (5,5%)</td> <td>28 (<0,1%)</td> <td>2,010 (1,7%) </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Miscellaneous">Miscellaneous</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Thrace&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Miscellaneous"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nestos_river.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Nestos_river.jpg/220px-Nestos_river.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Nestos_river.jpg/330px-Nestos_river.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Nestos_river.jpg/440px-Nestos_river.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Nestos_(river)" title="Nestos (river)">Nestos</a> river outside the city of Xanthi</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdera,_Thrace" title="Abdera, Thrace">Abdera</a>, an ancient Greek coastal town in the regional unit of Xanthi, is the birthplace of the Greek <a href="/wiki/Philosopher" class="mw-redirect" title="Philosopher">philosophers</a> <a href="/wiki/Democritus" title="Democritus">Democritus</a>, considered by some the father of the <a href="/wiki/Atomic_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Atomic theory">atomic theory</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Protagoras" title="Protagoras">Protagoras</a>, who is credited with having invented the role of the professional <a href="/wiki/Sophist" title="Sophist">sophist</a> or teacher of "virtue".</li> <li>Thrace and in particular the <a href="/wiki/Rhodope_mountains" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhodope mountains">Rhodope mountains</a>, its northern mountainous part, is home to one of the two surviving <a href="/wiki/Brown_bear" title="Brown bear">brown bear</a> (species <i>Ursus arctos</i>) populations in Greece (the other is in the <a href="/wiki/Pindus" title="Pindus">Pindus</a> mountains, in central Greece).</li> <li>The Greek-Turkish border is a major entering point of illegal immigrants from Asia (<a href="/wiki/Syrians" title="Syrians">Syrians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kurds" title="Kurds">Kurds</a>, <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Afghanistan" title="Demographics of Afghanistan">Afghans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pakistanis" title="Pakistanis">Pakistanis</a>) trying to enter Europe.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Thrace&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Thrace" title="Northern Thrace">Northern Thrace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Thrace" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Thrace">Eastern Thrace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrace" title="Thrace">Thrace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thracians" title="Thracians">Thracians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Thracian_Greeks" title="List of Thracian Greeks">List of Thracian Greeks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_of_Western_Thrace" title="Turks of Western Thrace">Turks of Western Thrace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomaks" title="Pomaks">Pomaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_minority_of_Greece" title="Muslim minority of Greece">Muslim minority of Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provisional_Government_of_Western_Thrace" title="Provisional Government of Western Thrace">Provisional Government of Western Thrace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Macedonia_and_Thrace" title="Eastern Macedonia and Thrace">Eastern Macedonia and Thrace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democritus_University_of_Thrace" title="Democritus University of Thrace">Democritus University of Thrace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust_in_Bulgarian-occupied_Greece" title="The Holocaust in Bulgarian-occupied Greece">The Holocaust in Bulgarian-occupied Greece</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Thrace&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2011_census-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-2011_census_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2011_census_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2011_census_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2011_census_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2011_census_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131113172928/http://www.statistics.gr/portal/page/portal/ESYE/BUCKET/A1602/PressReleases/A1602_SAM01_DT_DC_00_2011_02_F_EN.pdf">"Announcement of the results of the 2011 Population Census for the Resident Population"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Piraeus: Hellenic Statistical Authority. 28 December 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statistics.gr/portal/page/portal/ESYE/BUCKET/A1602/PressReleases/A1602_SAM01_DT_DC_00_2011_02_F_EN.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 13 November 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 October</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Announcement+of+the+results+of+the+2011+Population+Census+for+the+Resident+Population&rft.place=Piraeus&rft.pub=Hellenic+Statistical+Authority&rft.date=2012-12-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.statistics.gr%2Fportal%2Fpage%2Fportal%2FESYE%2FBUCKET%2FA1602%2FPressReleases%2FA1602_SAM01_DT_DC_00_2011_02_F_EN.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestern+Thrace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-britannica.com-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-britannica.com_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britannica.com_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Thrace">"Thrace - region, Europe"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Thrace+-+region%2C+Europe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FThrace&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestern+Thrace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFΣαμσάρης1980" class="citation journal cs1">Σαμσάρης, Δημήτριος Κ (14 January 1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190114210743/http://62.217.125.50/jspui/handle/123456789/27369">"Ο εξελληνισμός της Θράκης κατά την Ελληνική και Ρωμαϊκή αρχαιότητα"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://62.217.125.50/jspui/handle/123456789/27369">the original</a> on 14 January 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 January</span> 2019</span> – via olympias.lib.uoi.gr.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%CE%9F+%CE%B5%CE%BE%CE%B5%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B7%CE%BD%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82+%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82+%CE%98%CF%81%CE%AC%CE%BA%CE%B7%CF%82+%CE%BA%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%AC+%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BD+%CE%95%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B7%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE+%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9+%CE%A1%CF%89%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%8A%CE%BA%CE%AE+%CE%B1%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%8C%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%B1&rft.date=1980-01-14&rft.aulast=%CE%A3%CE%B1%CE%BC%CF%83%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%B7%CF%82&rft.aufirst=%CE%94%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%AE%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%82+%CE%9A&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2F62.217.125.50%2Fjspui%2Fhandle%2F123456789%2F27369&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestern+Thrace" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">D. C. Samsaris, Historical Geography of Western Thrace during the Roman Antiquity (in Greek), Thessaloniki 2005</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wwi.lib.byu.edu/">"World War I Document Archive"</a>. <i>wwi.lib.byu.edu</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=wwi.lib.byu.edu&rft.atitle=World+War+I+Document+Archive&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwwi.lib.byu.edu%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestern+Thrace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF(eds.)2006" class="citation book cs1">(eds.), Bruno De Wever ... (2006). <i>Local government in occupied Europe : (1939 - 1945)</i>. Gent: Academia Press. p. 206. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-382-0892-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-382-0892-3"><bdi>978-90-382-0892-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Local+government+in+occupied+Europe+%3A+%281939+-+1945%29&rft.place=Gent&rft.pages=206&rft.pub=Academia+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-90-382-0892-3&rft.aulast=%28eds.%29&rft.aufirst=Bruno+De+Wever+...&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestern+Thrace" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|last=</code> has generic name (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#generic_name" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.patrides.com/march02/pomaki.htm">"Οι Πομάκοι στη Θράκη"</a>. <i>www.patrides.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.patrides.com&rft.atitle=%CE%9F%CE%B9+%CE%A0%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%AC%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%B9+%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B7+%CE%98%CF%81%CE%AC%CE%BA%CE%B7&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.patrides.com%2Fmarch02%2Fpomaki.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestern+Thrace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMagra2017" class="citation news cs1">Magra, Iliana (8 December 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/08/world/europe/erdogan-turkey-greece.html">"No Turkish President Had Gone to Greece in 65 Years. So Why Now?"</a>. <i>New York times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+times&rft.atitle=No+Turkish+President+Had+Gone+to+Greece+in+65+Years.+So+Why+Now%3F&rft.date=2017-12-08&rft.aulast=Magra&rft.aufirst=Iliana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2017%2F12%2F08%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Ferdogan-turkey-greece.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestern+Thrace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.in.gr/english/article/?aid=1500181388">"Turkish president recognises Pomak element in Thrace, calls them 'compatriots'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. News.In.gr. 8 December 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Turkish+president+recognises+Pomak+element+in+Thrace%2C+calls+them+%27compatriots%27&rft.pub=News.In.gr&rft.date=2017-12-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.in.gr%2Fenglish%2Farticle%2F%3Faid%3D1500181388&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestern+Thrace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.gr/entry/okto-apanteseis-stis-eroteseis-yia-ten-episkepse-erntoyan_gr_5a2ad0b6e4b0a290f0505214?x89">"Eight answers to the questions about Erdogan's visit (Original title in Greek: Οκτώ απαντήσεις στις ερωτήσεις για την επίσκεψη Ερντογάν)"</a>. <i>Huffington Post</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Huffington+Post&rft.atitle=Eight+answers+to+the+questions+about+Erdogan%27s+visit+%28Original+title+in+Greek%3A+%CE%9F%CE%BA%CF%84%CF%8E+%CE%B1%CF%80%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%AE%CF%83%CE%B5%CE%B9%CF%82+%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B9%CF%82+%CE%B5%CF%81%CF%89%CF%84%CE%AE%CF%83%CE%B5%CE%B9%CF%82+%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%B1+%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BD+%CE%B5%CF%80%CE%AF%CF%83%CE%BA%CE%B5%CF%88%CE%B7+%CE%95%CF%81%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%AC%CE%BD%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.gr%2Fentry%2Fokto-apanteseis-stis-eroteseis-yia-ten-episkepse-erntoyan_gr_5a2ad0b6e4b0a290f0505214%3Fx89&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestern+Thrace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.efsyn.gr/arthro/stin-komotini-oloklironetai-i-episkepsi-erntogan">"About good neighborly relations, Erdogan stressed from Thrace (Original title in Greek: Για καλή γειτονία Ελλάδας - Τουρκίας έκανε λόγο ο Ερντογάν από τη Θράκη)"</a>. The Editors' Newspaper<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+good+neighborly+relations%2C+Erdogan+stressed+from+Thrace+%28Original+title+in+Greek%3A+%CE%93%CE%B9%CE%B1+%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%AE+%CE%B3%CE%B5%CE%B9%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B1+%CE%95%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%AC%CE%B4%CE%B1%CF%82+-+%CE%A4%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%81%CE%BA%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82+%CE%AD%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B5+%CE%BB%CF%8C%CE%B3%CE%BF+%CE%BF+%CE%95%CF%81%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%AC%CE%BD+%CE%B1%CF%80%CF%8C+%CF%84%CE%B7+%CE%98%CF%81%CE%AC%CE%BA%CE%B7%29&rft.pub=The+Editors%27+Newspaper&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.efsyn.gr%2Farthro%2Fstin-komotini-oloklironetai-i-episkepsi-erntogan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestern+Thrace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBowman200916-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBowman200916_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBowman2009">Bowman 2009</a>, p. 16.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn error: no target: CITEREFBowman2009 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Aarbakke-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Aarbakke_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarbakke_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarbakke_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aarbakke_13-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://polsci.academia.edu/VemundAarbakke">https://polsci.academia.edu/VemundAarbakke</a> → download THE MUSLIM MINORITY OF GREEK THRACE (pdf)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-promacedonia.org-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-promacedonia.org_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-promacedonia.org_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.promacedonia.org/st2/st_3.html">"St. Trifonov, Antantata v Trakija - 3"</a>. <i>www.promacedonia.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.promacedonia.org&rft.atitle=St.+Trifonov%2C+Antantata+v+Trakija+-+3&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.promacedonia.org%2Fst2%2Fst_3.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestern+Thrace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> Иван Алтънов, Междусъюзнишка Тракия, София 1921г. pg 35</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">L’Echo de Bulgarie, N 1963, 4 mai 1920.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWhitman1990">Whitman 1990</a>, 1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFÖksüz2004">Öksüz 2004</a>, 255.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHuseyinoglu2012" class="citation thesis cs1">Huseyinoglu, Ali (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/39339/1/Huseyinoglu,_Ali_%28secured%29.pdf"><i>The Development of Minority Education at the South-easternmost Corner of the EU: The Case of Muslim Turks in Western Thrace, Greece</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (thesis). University of Sussex. p. 123<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 May</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=The+Development+of+Minority+Education+at+the+South-easternmost+Corner+of+the+EU%3A+The+Case+of+Muslim+Turks+in+Western+Thrace%2C+Greece&rft.inst=University+of+Sussex&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Huseyinoglu&rft.aufirst=Ali&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsro.sussex.ac.uk%2F39339%2F1%2FHuseyinoglu%2C_Ali_%2528secured%2529.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestern+Thrace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKotzamanis" class="citation web cs1">Kotzamanis, Byron. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.demography-lab.prd.uth.gr/papers/XANTHI_TEXTE_final_15_4_2006_OK.pdf">"Θράκη: εκατονταετία πληθυσμιακών ανακατατάξεων"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. University of Thessaly<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%CE%98%CF%81%CE%AC%CE%BA%CE%B7%3A+%CE%B5%CE%BA%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%B1+%CF%80%CE%BB%CE%B7%CE%B8%CF%85%CF%83%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BA%CF%8E%CE%BD+%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%BE%CE%B5%CF%89%CE%BD&rft.pub=University+of+Thessaly&rft.aulast=Kotzamanis&rft.aufirst=Byron&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.demography-lab.prd.uth.gr%2Fpapers%2FXANTHI_TEXTE_final_15_4_2006_OK.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestern+Thrace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Thrace&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFÖksüz2004" class="citation cs2">Öksüz, Hikmet (2004), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.azinlikca.net/pdfs/thesis/The_Reasons_for_immigration_from_Western_Thrace_to_Turkey.pdf"><i>The Reasons for Immigration from Western Thrace to Turkey (1923-1950)</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, Turkish Review of Balkan Studies</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Reasons+for+Immigration+from+Western+Thrace+to+Turkey+%281923-1950%29&rft.pub=Turkish+Review+of+Balkan+Studies&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=%C3%96ks%C3%BCz&rft.aufirst=Hikmet&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.azinlikca.net%2Fpdfs%2Fthesis%2FThe_Reasons_for_immigration_from_Western_Thrace_to_Turkey.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestern+Thrace" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhitman1990" class="citation cs2">Whitman, Lois (1990), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gDXbrQHGjbIC"><i>Destroying ethnic identity: the Turks of Greece</i></a>, Human Rights Watch, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-929692-70-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-929692-70-5"><bdi>0-929692-70-5</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Destroying+ethnic+identity%3A+the+Turks+of+Greece&rft.pub=Human+Rights+Watch&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=0-929692-70-5&rft.aulast=Whitman&rft.aufirst=Lois&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgDXbrQHGjbIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestern+Thrace" class="Z3988"></span>.</li></ul> <div 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