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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Biogeography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biogeography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Mainland Southeast Asia</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 98 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-98" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">98 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ind%C3%B4china" title="Indôchina – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Indôchina" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-China" title="Indo-China – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Indo-China" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="इंडोचायना – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="इंडोचायना" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8_%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%82_%D8%A2%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="جنوب شرق آسيا البري – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جنوب شرق آسيا البري" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indochina" title="Indochina – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Indochina" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indoch%C3%ADna" title="Indochína – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Indochína" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hind-%C3%87in" title="Hind-Çin – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Hind-Çin" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A8" title="ইন্দোচীন – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ইন্দোচীন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Cn-t%C5%8D%CD%98-chi-n%C3%A1" title="Ìn-tō͘-chi-ná – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Ìn-tō͘-chi-ná" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4-%D2%A0%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Һинд-Ҡытай – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Һинд-Ҡытай" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Індакітай – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Індакітай" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Індакітай – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Індакітай" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indotsina" title="Indotsina – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Indotsina" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Индокитай – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Индокитай" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indochina" title="Indochina – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Indochina" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indokina" title="Indokina – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Indokina" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indez-Sina" title="Indez-Sina – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Indez-Sina" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indoxina" title="Indoxina – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Indoxina" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Индокитай – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Индокитай" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo%C4%8D%C3%ADna" title="Indočína – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Indočína" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-Tsieina" title="Indo-Tsieina – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Indo-Tsieina" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indokina" title="Indokina – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Indokina" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indochina" title="Indochina – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Indochina" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indohiina_poolsaar" title="Indohiina poolsaar – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Indohiina poolsaar" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CE%BD%CE%B4%CE%BF%CE%BA%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B1" title="Ινδοκίνα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ινδοκίνα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indochina" title="Indochina – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Indochina" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindo%C4%89inio" title="Hindoĉinio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Hindoĉinio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indotxina" title="Indotxina – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Indotxina" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%86" title="هندوچین – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هندوچین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indochine" title="Indochine – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Indochine" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yndo-Sina" title="Yndo-Sina – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Yndo-Sina" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Ind-S%C3%ADn" title="An Ind-Sín – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Ind-Sín" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indochina" title="Indochina – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Indochina" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8C%B3%F0%90%8C%BE%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BA%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%B8%F0%90%8C%B0" title="𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌺𐌹𐌸𐌰 – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌺𐌹𐌸𐌰" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%EB%8F%84%EC%B0%A8%EC%9D%B4%EB%82%98%EB%B0%98%EB%8F%84" title="인도차이나반도 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="인도차이나반도" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B9%D5%AB%D5%B6" title="Հնդկաչին – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հնդկաչին" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="इंडोचायना – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="इंडोचायना" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indokina" title="Indokina – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Indokina" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indochinia" title="Indochinia – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Indochinia" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indotsina" title="Indotsina – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Indotsina" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia_Tenggara_Daratan" title="Asia Tenggara Daratan – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Asia Tenggara Daratan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Индокитай – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Индокитай" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ind%C3%B3k%C3%ADna" title="Indókína – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Indókína" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indocina" title="Indocina – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Indocina" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%95%D7%93%D7%95-%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%9F" title="הודו-סין – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הודו-סין" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%87%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%8B_-_%E0%B2%9A%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%A8" title="ಇಂಡೋ - ಚೀನ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಇಂಡೋ - ಚೀನ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A9%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="ინდოჩინეთი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ინდოჩინეთი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%AE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%96%D2%9B%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D1%82%D2%AF%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%96" title="Үндіқытай түбегі – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Үндіқытай түбегі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indochina" title="Indochina – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Indochina" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Индокытай – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Индокытай" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%88%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%99" title="ອິນດູຈີນ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ອິນດູຈີນ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paeninsula_Indosinensis" title="Paeninsula Indosinensis – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Paeninsula Indosinensis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo%C4%B7%C4%ABnas_pussala" title="Indoķīnas pussala – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Indoķīnas pussala" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indokinijos_pusiasalis" title="Indokinijos pusiasalis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Indokinijos pusiasalis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indok%C3%ADna" title="Indokína – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Indokína" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Индокина – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Индокина" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ind%C3%B4sina" title="Indôsina – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Indôsina" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8B-%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%A8" title="ഇന്തോ-ചൈന – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഇന്തോ-ചൈന" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A9%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="ინდოჩინეთი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ინდოჩინეთი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%87" title="الصين الهنديه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الصين الهنديه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanah_besar_Asia_Tenggara" title="Tanah besar Asia Tenggara – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tanah besar Asia Tenggara" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indochina" title="Indochina – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Indochina" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B7%E1%80%90%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE_%E1%80%80%E1%80%BB%E1%80%BD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%86%E1%80%BD%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%92%E1%80%B1%E1%80%9E" title="အရှေ့တောင်အာရှ ကျွန်းဆွယ်ဒေသ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အရှေ့တောင်အာရှ ကျွန်းဆွယ်ဒေသ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indochina" title="Indochina – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Indochina" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8" title="हिन्दचीन – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="हिन्दचीन" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%82%B7%E3%83%8A%E5%8D%8A%E5%B3%B6" title="インドシナ半島 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="インドシナ半島" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D3%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="ХӀиндоций – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="ХӀиндоций" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indokina" title="Indokina – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Indokina" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indochina" title="Indochina – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Indochina" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindixitoy" title="Hindixitoy – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Hindixitoy" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%A1_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%8A%E0%A8%A5_%E0%A8%88%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%9F_%E0%A8%8F%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86" title="ਮੇਨਲੈਂਡ ਸਾਊਥ ਈਸਟ ਏਸ਼ੀਆ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮੇਨਲੈਂਡ ਸਾਊਥ ਈਸਟ ਏਸ਼ੀਆ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%D9%86%D8%AF_%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C" title="ہند چینی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ہند چینی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%99%E1%9F%8D%E1%9E%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%84%E1%9E%80" title="អាស៊ីអាគ្នេយ៍ដីគោក – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="អាស៊ីអាគ្នេយ៍ដីគោក" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indochiny" title="Indochiny – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Indochiny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indochina" title="Indochina – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Indochina" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indochina" title="Indochina – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Indochina" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Индокитай – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Индокитай" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indochina" title="Indochina – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Indochina" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo%C4%8D%C3%ADna" title="Indočína – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Indočína" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indokitajski_polotok" title="Indokitajski polotok – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Indokitajski polotok" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indokina" title="Indokina – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Indokina" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indokina" title="Indokina – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Indokina" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daratan_Asia_Kidul_W%C3%A9tan" title="Daratan Asia Kidul Wétan – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Daratan Asia Kidul Wétan" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indokiina" title="Indokiina – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Indokiina" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indokina" title="Indokina – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Indokina" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indotsina" title="Indotsina – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Indotsina" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BE" title="இந்தோசீனா – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இந்தோசீனா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99" title="อินโดจีน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อินโดจีน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Ҳиндучин – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ҳиндучин" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindi%C3%A7in" title="Hindiçin – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hindiçin" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Індокитай – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Індокитай" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" 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href="/w/index.php?title=Indochina&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Indochina">Indochina</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">The continental portion of Southeast Asia</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Indochina" redirects here. For the French colonial regime, see <a href="/wiki/French_Indochina" title="French Indochina">French Indochina</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Mainland Southeast Asia <br /> Indochinese Peninsula <br /> Indochina</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Topographic30deg_N0E90.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Topographic30deg_N0E90.png/220px-Topographic30deg_N0E90.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Topographic30deg_N0E90.png/330px-Topographic30deg_N0E90.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Topographic30deg_N0E90.png/440px-Topographic30deg_N0E90.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1800" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Population</th><td class="infobox-data">243,201,036 (1 July 2019)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> (<a href="/wiki/Purchasing_power_parity" title="Purchasing power parity">PPP</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data">$2.877 trillion (2021)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">GDP (nominal)</th><td class="infobox-data">$1.485 trillion (2022)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Countries</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="640" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/23px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/35px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/45px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/35px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/45px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar (Burma)</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/23px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/35px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/45px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/23px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/35px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/45px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Mainland Southeast Asia</b> (historically known as <b>Indochina</b> or the <b>Indochinese Peninsula</b>) is the continental portion of <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a>. It lies east of the <a href="/wiki/Indian_subcontinent" title="Indian subcontinent">Indian subcontinent</a> and south of <a href="/wiki/Mainland_China" title="Mainland China">Mainland China</a> and is bordered by the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean" title="Indian Ocean">Indian Ocean</a> to the west and the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean">Pacific Ocean</a> to the east. It includes the countries of <a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a> as well as <a href="/wiki/Peninsular_Malaysia" title="Peninsular Malaysia">Peninsular Malaysia</a>. </p><p>The term <i>Indochina</i> (originally <i>Indo-China</i>) was coined in the early nineteenth century, emphasizing the historical cultural influence of <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_India" title="Culture of India">Indian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chinese_culture" title="Chinese culture">Chinese civilizations</a> on the area. The term was later adopted as the name of the colony of <a href="/wiki/French_Indochina" title="French Indochina">French Indochina</a> (today's <a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a>). Today, the term <i>Mainland Southeast Asia</i>, in contrast to <a href="/wiki/Maritime_Southeast_Asia" title="Maritime Southeast Asia">Maritime Southeast Asia</a>, is more commonly referenced. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Terminology">Terminology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mainland_Southeast_Asia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Terminology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Indochina_map_1886.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Indochina_map_1886.jpg/220px-Indochina_map_1886.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="286" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Indochina_map_1886.jpg/330px-Indochina_map_1886.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Indochina_map_1886.jpg/440px-Indochina_map_1886.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1626" data-file-height="2114" /></a><figcaption>1886 map of Indochina, from the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Geographical_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish Geographical Magazine">Scottish Geographical Magazine</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In Indian sources, the earliest name connected with Southeast Asia is <a href="/wiki/Yavadvipa" class="mw-redirect" title="Yavadvipa"><i>Yāvadvīpa</i></a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empayar_Yawadwipa" class="extiw" title="ms:Empayar Yawadwipa">ms</a>]</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-Wheatley_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wheatley-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another possible early name of mainland Southeast Asia was <i><a href="/wiki/Suvar%E1%B9%87abh%C5%ABmi" class="mw-redirect" title="Suvarṇabhūmi">Suvarṇabhūmi</a></i> ("land of gold"),<sup id="cite_ref-Wheatley_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wheatley-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a toponym, that appears in many ancient Indian literary sources and Buddhist texts,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but which, along with <i><a href="/wiki/Suvar%E1%B9%87adv%C4%ABpa" class="mw-redirect" title="Suvarṇadvīpa">Suvarṇadvīpa</a></i> ("island" or "peninsula of gold"),<sup id="cite_ref-Wheatley_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wheatley-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are also thought to refer to insular Southeast Asia.<sup id="cite_ref-Wheatley_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wheatley-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The origins of the name Indo-China are usually attributed jointly to the Danish-French geographer <a href="/wiki/Conrad_Malte-Brun" title="Conrad Malte-Brun">Conrad Malte-Brun</a>, who referred to the area as <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">indo-chinois</i></span> in 1804, and the Scottish linguist <a href="/wiki/John_Leyden" title="John Leyden">John Leyden</a>, who used the term <i>Indo-Chinese</i> to describe the area's inhabitants and their languages in 1808.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Scholarly opinions at the time regarding China's and India's historical influence over the area were conflicting, and the term was itself controversial—Malte-Brun himself later argued against its use in a later edition of his <i>Universal Geography</i>, reasoning that it overemphasized Chinese influence, and suggested <i>Chin-India</i> instead.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nevertheless, <i>Indo-China</i> had already gained traction and soon supplanted alternative terms such as <i><a href="/wiki/Further_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Further India">Further India</a></i> and the <i>Peninsula beyond the Ganges</i>. Later, however, as the French established the colony of <a href="/wiki/French_Indochina" title="French Indochina">French Indochina</a> (covering present-day Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam), use of the term became more restricted to the French colony,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and today the area is usually referred to as Mainland Southeast Asia.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biogeography">Biogeography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mainland_Southeast_Asia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Biogeography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Biogeography" title="Biogeography">biogeography</a>, the Indochinese bioregion is a major region in the <a href="/wiki/Indomalayan_realm" title="Indomalayan realm">Indomalayan realm</a>, and also a <a href="/wiki/Phytogeography" title="Phytogeography">phytogeographical</a> <a href="/wiki/Floristic_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Floristic region">floristic region</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Oriental_Paleotropical_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Oriental Paleotropical Kingdom">Oriental Paleotropical Kingdom</a>. It includes the native flora and fauna of all the countries above. The adjacent <a href="/wiki/Malesia" title="Malesia">Malesian Region</a> covers the <a href="/wiki/Maritime_Southeast_Asia" title="Maritime Southeast Asia">Maritime Southeast Asian</a> countries, and straddles the Indomalayan and <a href="/wiki/Australasian_realm" title="Australasian realm">Australasian realms</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mainland_Southeast_Asia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mekong_River_in_Laos_(1490866472).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Mekong_River_in_Laos_%281490866472%29.jpg/300px-Mekong_River_in_Laos_%281490866472%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Mekong_River_in_Laos_%281490866472%29.jpg/450px-Mekong_River_in_Laos_%281490866472%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Mekong_River_in_Laos_%281490866472%29.jpg/600px-Mekong_River_in_Laos_%281490866472%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3012" data-file-height="952" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mekong_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Mekong River">Mekong River</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The Indochinese Peninsula projects southward from the Asian continent proper. It contains several mountain ranges extending from the <a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Plateau" title="Tibetan Plateau">Tibetan Plateau</a> in the north, interspersed with <a href="/wiki/Upland_and_lowland" title="Upland and lowland">lowlands</a> largely drained by three major river systems running in a north–south direction: the <a href="/wiki/Irrawaddy_River" title="Irrawaddy River">Irrawaddy</a> (serving <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a>), the <a href="/wiki/Chao_Phraya_River" title="Chao Phraya River">Chao Phraya</a> (in <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a>), and the <a href="/wiki/Mekong" title="Mekong">Mekong</a> (flowing through <a href="/wiki/Northeastern_Thailand" class="mw-redirect" title="Northeastern Thailand">Northeastern Thailand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a>). To the south it forms the <a href="/wiki/Malay_Peninsula" title="Malay Peninsula">Malay Peninsula</a>, located on which are <a href="/wiki/Southern_Thailand" title="Southern Thailand">Southern Thailand</a> and <a href="/wiki/Peninsular_Malaysia" title="Peninsular Malaysia">Peninsular Malaysia</a>; the latter is variably considered part of Mainland Southeast Asia or separately as part of <a href="/wiki/Maritime_Southeast_Asia" title="Maritime Southeast Asia">Maritime Southeast Asia</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mainland_Southeast_Asia&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ethnolinguistic_Groups_of_Mainland_Southeast_Asia.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Ethnolinguistic_Groups_of_Mainland_Southeast_Asia.png/190px-Ethnolinguistic_Groups_of_Mainland_Southeast_Asia.png" decoding="async" width="190" height="315" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Ethnolinguistic_Groups_of_Mainland_Southeast_Asia.png/285px-Ethnolinguistic_Groups_of_Mainland_Southeast_Asia.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Ethnolinguistic_Groups_of_Mainland_Southeast_Asia.png/380px-Ethnolinguistic_Groups_of_Mainland_Southeast_Asia.png 2x" data-file-width="1874" data-file-height="3108" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_of_Southeast_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic groups of Southeast Asia">Ethnolinguistic groups</a> of mainland Southeast Asia</figcaption></figure> <p>Mainland Southeast Asia contrasts with <a href="/wiki/Maritime_Southeast_Asia" title="Maritime Southeast Asia">Maritime Southeast Asia</a>, mainly through the division of largely land-based lifestyles in Indochina and the sea-based lifestyles of the <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_archipelago" title="Indonesian archipelago">Indonesian archipelago</a> and <a href="/wiki/Philippine_archipelago" class="mw-redirect" title="Philippine archipelago">Philippine archipelago</a>, as well as the dividing line between the <a href="/wiki/Austroasiatic_languages" title="Austroasiatic languages">Austroasiatic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tai%E2%80%93Kadai_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Tai–Kadai languages">Tai–Kadai</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sino-Tibetan_languages" title="Sino-Tibetan languages">Sino-Tibetan languages</a> (spoken in Mainland Southeast Asia) and the <a href="/wiki/Austronesian_languages" title="Austronesian languages">Austronesian</a> languages (spoken in Maritime Southeast Asia). The languages of the mainland form the <a href="/wiki/Mainland_Southeast_Asia_linguistic_area" title="Mainland Southeast Asia linguistic area">Mainland Southeast Asia linguistic area</a>: although belonging to several independent language families, they have converged over the course of history and share a number of typological similarities.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The countries of mainland Southeast Asia received cultural influence from both India and China to varying degrees.<sup id="cite_ref-HMDOG_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HMDOG-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar and Thailand are all influenced by <a href="/wiki/Indian_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian culture">Indian culture</a>, only Vietnam is influenced by <a href="/wiki/Chinese_culture" title="Chinese culture">Chinese culture</a> but still has minor influences from India, largely via the <a href="/wiki/Champa" title="Champa">Champa</a> civilization that Vietnam conquered during its southward expansion.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Overall, Mainland Southeast Asia is predominantly <a href="/wiki/Buddhist" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhist">Buddhist</a><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with minority <a href="/wiki/Muslims" title="Muslims">Muslim</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hindus" title="Hindus">Hindu</a> populations.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mainland_Southeast_Asia&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 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href="/wiki/File:Asia_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/28px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/42px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/56px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Asia" title="Portal:Asia">Asia portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/28px-Terra.png" decoding="async" 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title="Zomia">Zomia</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Sub-regions</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Chersonese" title="Golden Chersonese">Golden Chersonese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Triangle_(Southeast_Asia)" title="Golden Triangle (Southeast Asia)">Golden Triangle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Mekong_Subregion" title="Greater Mekong Subregion">Greater Mekong Subregion</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mainland_Southeast_Asia&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Wheatley-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Wheatley_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wheatley_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wheatley_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wheatley_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFWheatley1961" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Wheatley_(geographer)" title="Paul Wheatley (geographer)">Wheatley, Paul</a> (1961). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/goldenkhersonese0000unse"><i>The Golden Khersonese: Studies in the Historical Geography of the Malay Peninsula before A.D. 1500</i></a></span>. Kuala Lumpur: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Malaya" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Malaya">University of Malaya Press</a>. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/goldenkhersonese0000unse/page/177">177</a>–184. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/504030596">504030596</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Golden+Khersonese%3A+Studies+in+the+Historical+Geography+of+the+Malay+Peninsula+before+A.D.+1500&rft.place=Kuala+Lumpur&rft.pages=177-184&rft.pub=University+of+Malaya+Press&rft.date=1961&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F504030596&rft.aulast=Wheatley&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgoldenkhersonese0000unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMainland+Southeast+Asia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKitiarsa2010" class="citation journal cs1">Kitiarsa, Pattana (2010). "Missionary Intent and Monastic Networks: Thai Buddhism as a Transnational Religion". <i>Sojourn: Journal of Social Issues in Southeast Asia</i>. <b>25</b> (1): 115–116. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1355%2Fsj25-1e">10.1355/sj25-1e</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0217-9520">0217-9520</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41308138">41308138</a>. <q>King Asoka in the third century BC is widely cited as the model monarch who organized networks of missionaries to preach the teachings of the Buddha outside India including to Suvarnabhumi or mainland Southeast Asia.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sojourn%3A+Journal+of+Social+Issues+in+Southeast+Asia&rft.atitle=Missionary+Intent+and+Monastic+Networks%3A+Thai+Buddhism+as+a+Transnational+Religion&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=115-116&rft.date=2010&rft.issn=02179520&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F41308138%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1355%2Fsj25-1e&rft.aulast=Kitiarsa&rft.aufirst=Pattana&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMainland+Southeast+Asia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSailendra_Nath_Sen1999" class="citation book cs1">Sailendra Nath Sen (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Wk4_ICH_g1EC&q=Suvarnabhumi+was+situated+in+Bengal.&pg=PA519"><i>Ancient Indian History and Civilization</i></a>. New Age International. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788122411980" title="Special:BookSources/9788122411980"><bdi>9788122411980</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ancient+Indian+History+and+Civilization&rft.pub=New+Age+International&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=9788122411980&rft.au=Sailendra+Nath+Sen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWk4_ICH_g1EC%26q%3DSuvarnabhumi%2Bwas%2Bsituated%2Bin%2BBengal.%26pg%3DPA519&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMainland+Southeast+Asia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVimalin_Rujivacharakul2013" class="citation book cs1">Vimalin Rujivacharakul; et al., eds. (2013). <i>Architecturalized Asia : mapping a continent through history</i>. Hong Kong University Press. p. 89. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789888208050" title="Special:BookSources/9789888208050"><bdi>9789888208050</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Architecturalized+Asia+%3A+mapping+a+continent+through+history&rft.pages=89&rft.pub=Hong+Kong+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9789888208050&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMainland+Southeast+Asia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMalte-Brun1827" class="citation book cs1">Malte-Brun, Conrad (1827). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/universalgeogra20maltgoog"><i>Universal Geography, Or, A Description of All the Parts of the World, on a New Plan, According to the Great Natural Divisions of the Globe: Improved by the Addition of the Most Recent Information, Derived from Various Sources : Accompanied with Analytical, Synoptical, and Elementary Tables, Volume 2</i></a>. A. Finley. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/universalgeogra20maltgoog/page/n294">262</a>–3.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Universal+Geography%2C+Or%2C+A+Description+of+All+the+Parts+of+the+World%2C+on+a+New+Plan%2C+According+to+the+Great+Natural+Divisions+of+the+Globe%3A+Improved+by+the+Addition+of+the+Most+Recent+Information%2C+Derived+from+Various+Sources+%3A+Accompanied+with+Analytical%2C+Synoptical%2C+and+Elementary+Tables%2C+Volume+2&rft.pages=262-3&rft.pub=A.+Finley&rft.date=1827&rft.aulast=Malte-Brun&rft.aufirst=Conrad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Funiversalgeogra20maltgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMainland+Southeast+Asia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWesseling2015" class="citation book cs1">Wesseling, H. L. (2015). <i>The European Colonial Empires: 1815–1919</i>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781317895060" title="Special:BookSources/9781317895060"><bdi>9781317895060</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+European+Colonial+Empires%3A+1815%E2%80%931919&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9781317895060&rft.aulast=Wesseling&rft.aufirst=H.+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMainland+Southeast+Asia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeyes1995" class="citation book cs1">Keyes, Charles F. (1995). <i>The golden peninsula : culture and adaptation in mainland Southeast Asia</i> (Pbk. reprint ed.). University of Hawaii Press. p. 1. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780824816964" title="Special:BookSources/9780824816964"><bdi>9780824816964</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+golden+peninsula+%3A+culture+and+adaptation+in+mainland+Southeast+Asia&rft.pages=1&rft.edition=Pbk.+reprint&rft.pub=University+of+Hawaii+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=9780824816964&rft.aulast=Keyes&rft.aufirst=Charles+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMainland+Southeast+Asia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/science/biogeographic-region">"Biogeographic region – Fauna"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230315094207/https://www.britannica.com/science/biogeographic-region">Archived</a> from the original on 15 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Biogeographic+region+%E2%80%93+Fauna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fscience%2Fbiogeographic-region&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMainland+Southeast+Asia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HMDOG-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HMDOG_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarion_Severynse1997" class="citation book cs1">Marion Severynse, ed. (1997). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/houghtonmifflind00houg"><i>The Houghton Mifflin Dictionary Of Geography</i></a></span>. Houghton Mifflin Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-395-86448-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-395-86448-8"><bdi>0-395-86448-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Houghton+Mifflin+Dictionary+Of+Geography&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin+Company&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0-395-86448-8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhoughtonmifflind00houg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMainland+Southeast+Asia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/malaysia/">"Malaysia"</a>. <i>The World Factbook</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Malaysia&rft.btitle=The+World+Factbook&rft.pub=Central+Intelligence+Agency&rft.date=2016-09-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Fmalaysia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMainland+Southeast+Asia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/thailand/">"Thailand"</a>. <i>The World Factbook</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Myanmar&rft.btitle=The+World+Factbook&rft.pub=Central+Intelligence+Agency&rft.date=2016-09-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Fburma%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMainland+Southeast+Asia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/cambodia/">"Cambodia"</a>. <i>The World Factbook</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Vietnam&rft.btitle=The+World+Factbook&rft.pub=Central+Intelligence+Agency&rft.date=2016-09-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Fvietnam%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMainland+Southeast+Asia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/2008">2008 Report on International Religious Freedom</a> (Report). U.S. Department of State, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor. September 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190706154039/https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/2008/">Archived</a> from the original on 6 July 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=2008+Report+on+International+Religious+Freedom&rft.pub=U.S.+Department+of+State%2C+Bureau+of+Democracy%2C+Human+Rights%2C+and+Labor&rft.date=2008-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2F2009-2017.state.gov%2Fj%2Fdrl%2Frls%2Firf%2F2008&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMainland+Southeast+Asia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSIDDIQUE1981" class="citation journal cs1">SIDDIQUE, SHARON (1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/25797648">"Some Aspects of Malay-Muslim Ethnicity in Peninsular Malaysia"</a>. <i>Contemporary Southeast Asia</i>. <b>3</b> (1): 76–87. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1355%2FCS3-1E">10.1355/CS3-1E</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0129-797X">0129-797X</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/25797648">25797648</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230401140444/https://www.jstor.org/stable/25797648">Archived</a> from the original on 1 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Contemporary+Southeast+Asia&rft.atitle=Some+Aspects+of+Malay-Muslim+Ethnicity+in+Peninsular+Malaysia&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=76-87&rft.date=1981&rft.issn=0129-797X&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F25797648%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1355%2FCS3-1E&rft.aulast=SIDDIQUE&rft.aufirst=SHARON&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F25797648&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMainland+Southeast+Asia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.routledge.com/The-Minority-Muslim-Experience-in-Mainland-Southeast-Asia-A-Different-Path/Goodman/p/book/9781032005171">"The Minority Muslim Experience in Mainland Southeast Asia: A Different Path"</a>. <i>Routledge & CRC Press</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230427161138/https://www.routledge.com/The-Minority-Muslim-Experience-in-Mainland-Southeast-Asia-A-Different-Path/Goodman/p/book/9781032005171">Archived</a> from the original on 27 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Routledge+%26+CRC+Press&rft.atitle=The+Minority+Muslim+Experience+in+Mainland+Southeast+Asia%3A+A+Different+Path&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.routledge.com%2FThe-Minority-Muslim-Experience-in-Mainland-Southeast-Asia-A-Different-Path%2FGoodman%2Fp%2Fbook%2F9781032005171&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMainland+Southeast+Asia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mainland_Southeast_Asia&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBernard_Philippe_Groslier1962" class="citation book cs1">Bernard Philippe Groslier (1962). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/artofindochinain00gros"><i>The art of Indochina: including Thailand, Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia</i></a></span>. Crown Publishers.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+art+of+Indochina%3A+including+Thailand%2C+Vietnam%2C+Laos+and+Cambodia&rft.pub=Crown+Publishers&rft.date=1962&rft.au=Bernard+Philippe+Groslier&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fartofindochinain00gros&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMainland+Southeast+Asia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNADG750.pdf">History of the mountain people of southern Indochina up to 1945 (Bernard Bourotte, i.e. Jacques Méry), U.S. Agency for International Development, 195?</a> (PDF)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mainland_Southeast_Asia&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span 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navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Timeline_of_sovereign_states_in_Mainland_Southeast_Asia_since_the_1st_century_AD" title="Template:Timeline of sovereign states in Mainland Southeast Asia since the 1st century AD"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Timeline_of_sovereign_states_in_Mainland_Southeast_Asia_since_the_1st_century_AD" title="Template talk:Timeline of sovereign states in Mainland Southeast Asia since the 1st century AD"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Timeline_of_sovereign_states_in_Mainland_Southeast_Asia_since_the_1st_century_AD" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Timeline of sovereign states in Mainland Southeast Asia since the 1st century AD"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Timeline_of_sovereign_states_in_Mainland_Southeast_Asia_since_the_1st_century_AD" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Timeline of <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">sovereign states</a> in <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mainland Southeast Asia</a> since the 1st century AD</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background-color: white; font-size:112%;;border-width:0;"><div style="padding:0"><div style="overflow:auto"> <table style="width:100%; text-align:left;" class="wraplinks"> <tbody><tr> <td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="border: 2px solid #4B0082;background-color:#800080; color:white;"> </span> Chinese controlled-area</div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="border: 2px solid #CD5C5C;background-color:#FF4500; color:black;"> </span> Vietnamese states</div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="border: 2px solid #008080;background-color:#008B8B; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Cham_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Cham people">Cham people</a>'s states</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="border: 2px solid #D0A200;background-color:#F7C000; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Khmer_people" title="Khmer people">Khmer people</a>'s states</div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="border: 2px solid #6A5ACD;background-color:#7B68EE; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Malays_(ethnic_group)" title="Malays (ethnic group)">Malays</a>' states</div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="border: 2px solid #E20000;background-color:#DD4444; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Mon_people" title="Mon people">Mon people</a>'s states</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="border: 2px solid #008000;background-color:#00FF00; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Tai_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Tai people">Tai people</a>'s states</div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="border: 2px solid #808080;background-color:#696969; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Bai_people" title="Bai people">Bai people</a>'s state</div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="border: 2px solid #CD853F;background-color:#F4A460; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Rakhine_people" title="Rakhine people">Rakhine people</a>'s state</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="border: 2px solid #800080;background-color:#FF00FF; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Bamar_people" title="Bamar people">Bamar people</a>'s state</div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="border: 2px solid #0000FF;background-color:#4169E1; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Pyu_city-states" title="Pyu city-states">Pyu people</a>'s state</div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="border: 2px solid #BDB76B;background-color:#E6E6FA; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Colonialism" title="Colonialism">Western Colony</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="border: 2px solid #4B0082;background-color:#000000; color:white;"> </span> Unknown</div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div style="float:left;border:1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170);width:100%"><div style="text-align:left; padding:1em; font-size:95%; margin:1em; background:transparent"><div style="clear:both;width:100%; padding:0px; height:1.5em;background-color:transparent"><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:22.466367713004%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:#00FF00;width:26.860986547085%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;border:2px solid #008000"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:50.67264573991%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;text-align:left"><div style="position: relative; top:0em;left:0.5em;; font-size:0.9em"><a href="/wiki/Muang_Then" title="Muang Then">Muang Then</a> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="circa">c.</span> 6th–11th century)</div></div></div></div><div style="clear:both;width:100%; padding:0px; height:1.5em;background-color:transparent"><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:44.887892376682%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:#00FF00;width:19.32735426009%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;border:2px solid #008000"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:35.784753363229%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;text-align:left"><div style="position: relative; top:0em;left:0.5em;; font-size:0.9em"><a href="/wiki/Ng%C6%B0u_H%E1%BB%91ng" title="Ngưu Hống">Ngưu Hống</a> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="circa">c.</span> 10th–1432)</div></div></div></div><div style="clear:both;width:100%; padding:0px; height:1.5em;background-color:transparent"><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:67.309417040359%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:#00FF00;width:20.358744394619%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;border:2px solid #008000"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:12.331838565022%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;text-align:left"><div style="position: relative; top:0em;left:0.5em;; font-size:0.9em"><a href="/wiki/Sip_Song_Chau_Tai" title="Sip Song Chau Tai">Tai Federation</a> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="circa">c.</span> 16th–1955)</div></div></div></div><div style="clear:both;width:100%; padding:0px; height:1.5em;background-color:transparent"><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:#800080;width:22.466367713004%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;border:2px solid #4B0082"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:61.973094170404%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;text-align:left"><div style="position: relative; top:0em;left:0.5em;; font-size:0.9em"><a href="/wiki/Han_dynasty" title="Han dynasty">Western Han</a> (111 BC–501)</div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:#E6E6FA;width:3.0044843049327%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;border:2px solid #BDB76B"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:12.556053811659%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;text-align:left"><div style="position: relative; top:0em;left:0.5em;; font-size:0.9em"><a href="/wiki/Tonkin_(French_protectorate)" title="Tonkin (French protectorate)">Tonkin</a> (1883–1950)</div></div></div></div><div style="clear:both;width:100%; padding:0px; height:1.5em;background-color:transparent"><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:22.511210762332%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:#800080;width:1.8834080717489%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;border:2px solid #4B0082"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:60.044843049327%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;text-align:left"><div style="position: relative; top:0em;left:0.5em;; font-size:0.9em"><a href="/wiki/Second_Era_of_Northern_Domination" title="Second Era of Northern Domination">Liang dynasty</a> (502–544)</div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:#E6E6FA;width:3.0044843049327%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;border:2px solid #BDB76B"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:12.556053811659%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;text-align:left"><div style="position: relative; top:0em;left:0.5em;; font-size:0.9em"><a href="/wiki/Annam_(French_protectorate)" title="Annam (French protectorate)">Annam</a> (1883–1950)</div></div></div></div><div style="clear:both;width:100%; padding:0px; height:1.5em;background-color:transparent"><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:24.394618834081%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:#FF4500;width:2.6008968609865%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;border:2px solid #CD5C5C"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:60.224215246637%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;text-align:left"><div style="position: relative; top:0em;left:0.5em;; font-size:0.9em"><a href="/wiki/Early_L%C3%BD_dynasty" title="Early Lý dynasty">Vạn Xuân</a> (544–602)</div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:#FF4500;width:1.3452914798206%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;border:2px solid #CD5C5C"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:11.434977578475%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;text-align:left"><div style="position: relative; top:0em;left:0.5em;; font-size:0.9em"><a href="/wiki/North_Vietnam" title="North Vietnam">North Vietnam</a> (1945–1975)</div></div></div></div><div style="clear:both;width:100%; padding:0px; height:1.5em;background-color:transparent"><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:26.995515695067%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:#800080;width:0.71748878923767%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;border:2px solid #4B0082"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:60.85201793722%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;text-align:left"><div style="position: relative; top:0em;left:0.5em;; font-size:0.9em"><a href="/wiki/Third_Era_of_Northern_Domination" title="Third Era of Northern Domination">Sui dynasty</a> (602–618)</div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:#FF4500;width:11.434977578475%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;border:2px solid #CD5C5C"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div></div><div style="clear:both;width:100%; padding:0px; height:1.5em;background-color:transparent"><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:27.713004484305%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:#800080;width:14.349775784753%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;border:2px solid #4B0082"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:45.605381165919%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;text-align:left"><div style="position: relative; top:0em;left:0.5em;; font-size:0.9em"><a href="/wiki/Third_Era_of_Northern_Domination" title="Third Era of Northern Domination">Tang dynasty</a> (618–938)</div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:#FF4500;width:0.89686098654709%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;border:2px solid #CD5C5C"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:11.434977578475%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;text-align:left"><div style="position: relative; top:0em;left:0.5em;; font-size:0.9em"><a href="/wiki/South_Vietnam" title="South Vietnam">South Vietnam</a> (1955–1975)</div></div></div></div><div style="clear:both;width:100%; padding:0px; height:1.5em;background-color:transparent"><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:42.107623318386%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:#FF4500;width:1.3004484304933%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;border:2px solid #CD5C5C"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:40.089686098655%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;text-align:left"><div style="position: relative; top:0em;left:0.5em;; font-size:0.9em"><a href="/wiki/Ng%C3%B4_dynasty" title="Ngô dynasty">Tĩnh Hải Quân</a> (939–968)</div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:#E6E6FA;width:3.9013452914798%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;border:2px solid #BDB76B"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:12.600896860987%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;text-align:left"><div style="position: relative; top:0em;left:0.5em;; font-size:0.9em"><a href="/wiki/French_Cochinchina" title="French Cochinchina">French Cochinchina</a> (1862–1949)</div></div></div></div><div style="clear:both;width:100%; padding:0px; height:1.5em;background-color:transparent"><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:43.408071748879%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:#FF4500;width:37.488789237668%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;border:2px solid #CD5C5C"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:19.103139013453%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;text-align:left"><div style="position: relative; top:0em;left:0.5em;; font-size:0.9em"><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_Vi%E1%BB%87t" title="Đại Việt">Đại Việt</a> (968–1804)</div></div></div></div><div style="clear:both;width:100%; padding:0px; height:1.5em;background-color:transparent"><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:80.896860986547%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:#FF4500;width:6.322869955157%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;border:2px solid #CD5C5C"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:12.780269058296%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;text-align:left"><div style="position: relative; top:0em;left:0.5em;; font-size:0.9em"><a href="/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_dynasty" title="Nguyễn dynasty">Việt Nam/Đại Nam</a> (1804–1945)</div></div></div></div><div style="clear:both;width:100%; padding:0px; height:1.5em;background-color:transparent"><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:8.609865470852%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:#008B8B;width:73.542600896861%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;border:2px solid #008080"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:17.847533632287%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;text-align:left"><div style="position: relative; top:0em;left:0.5em;; font-size:0.9em"><a href="/wiki/Champa" title="Champa">Champa</a> (192–1832)</div></div></div></div><div style="clear:both;width:100%; padding:0px; height:1.5em;background-color:transparent"><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:8.609865470852%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:#008B8B;width:19.596412556054%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;border:2px solid #008080"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:71.793721973094%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;text-align:left"><div style="position: relative; top:0em;left:0.5em;; font-size:0.9em"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A2m_%E1%BA%A4p" title="Lâm Ấp">Lâm Ấp</a> (192–629)</div></div></div></div><div style="clear:both;width:100%; padding:0px; height:1.5em;background-color:transparent"><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:13.497757847534%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:#008B8B;width:22.37668161435%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;border:2px solid #008080"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:64.125560538117%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;text-align:left"><div style="position: relative; top:0em;left:0.5em;; font-size:0.9em"><a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%A0_Ki%E1%BB%87u" title="Trà Kiệu">Simhapura</a> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="circa">c.</span> 4th–8th century)</div></div></div></div><div style="clear:both;width:100%; padding:0px; height:1.5em;background-color:transparent"><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:20.179372197309%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:#008B8B;width:6.7264573991031%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;border:2px solid #008080"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:73.094170403587%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;text-align:left"><div style="position: relative; top:0em;left:0.5em;; font-size:0.9em"><a href="/wiki/Xitu" title="Xitu">Xitu</a> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="circa">c.</span> Mid 5th–6th century)</div></div></div></div><div style="clear:both;width:100%; padding:0px; height:1.5em;background-color:transparent"><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:13.452914798206%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:#008B8B;width:52.914798206278%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;border:2px solid #008080"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:33.632286995516%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;text-align:left"><div style="position: relative; top:0em;left:0.5em;; font-size:0.9em"><a href="/wiki/Quduqian" title="Quduqian">Quduqian</a> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="circa">c.</span> 300–before 1480)</div></div></div></div><div style="clear:both;width:100%; padding:0px; height:1.5em;background-color:transparent"><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:35.964125560538%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:#F7C000;width:28.206278026906%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;border:2px solid #D0A200"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:23.004484304933%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;text-align:left"><div style="position: relative; top:0em;left:0.5em;; font-size:0.9em"><a href="/wiki/Khmer_Empire" title="Khmer Empire">Khmer Empire</a> (802–1431)</div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:#F7C000;width:0.089686098654709%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;border:2px solid #D0A200"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:12.735426008969%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;text-align:left"><div style="position: relative; top:0em;left:0.5em;; font-size:0.9em"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kampuchea" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Kampuchea">Kampuchea</a> (1945)</div></div></div></div><div style="clear:both;width:100%; padding:0px; height:1.5em;background-color:transparent"><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:22.869955156951%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:#F7C000;width:13.094170403587%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;border:2px solid #D0A200"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:47.578475336323%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;text-align:left"><div style="position: relative; top:0em;left:0.5em;; font-size:0.9em"><a href="/wiki/Chenla" title="Chenla">Chenla</a> (510–802)</div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:#E6E6FA;width:4.0807174887892%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;border:2px solid #BDB76B"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:12.37668161435%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;text-align:left"><div style="position: relative; top:0em;left:0.5em;; font-size:0.9em"><a href="/wiki/French_protectorate_of_Cambodia" title="French protectorate of Cambodia">French Cambodia</a> (1863–1954)</div></div></div></div><div style="clear:both;width:100%; padding:0px; height:1.5em;background-color:transparent"><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:3.0493273542601%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:#000000;width:25.067264573991%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;border:2px solid #000000"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:59.461883408072%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;text-align:left"><div style="position: relative; top:0em;left:0.5em;; font-size:0.9em"><a href="/wiki/Funan" title="Funan">Funan</a> (68–627)</div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:#F7C000;width:12.421524663677%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;border:2px solid #D0A200"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div></div><div style="clear:both;width:100%; padding:0px; height:1.5em;background-color:transparent"><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:4.5291479820628%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:#7B68EE;width:41.479820627803%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;border:2px solid #6A5ACD"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:53.991031390135%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;text-align:left"><div style="position: relative; top:0em;left:0.5em;; font-size:0.9em"><a href="/wiki/Gangga_Negara" title="Gangga Negara">Gangga Negara</a> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="circa">c.</span> 2nd century–1026)</div></div></div></div><div style="clear:both;width:100%; padding:0px; height:1.5em;background-color:transparent"><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:17.982062780269%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:#7B68EE;width:47.219730941704%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;border:2px solid #6A5ACD"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:34.798206278027%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;text-align:left"><div style="position: relative; top:0em;left:0.5em;; font-size:0.9em"><a href="/wiki/Old_Pahang_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Pahang Kingdom">Old Pahang</a> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="circa">c.</span> 5th century–1454)</div></div></div></div><div style="clear:both;width:100%; padding:0px; height:1.5em;background-color:transparent"><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:65.919282511211%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:#7B68EE;width:6.8609865470852%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;border:2px solid #6A5ACD"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:27.219730941704%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;text-align:left"><div style="position: relative; top:0em;left:0.5em;; font-size:0.9em"><a href="/wiki/Pahang_Sultanate" title="Pahang Sultanate">Pahang Sultanate</a> (1470–1623)</div></div></div></div><div style="clear:both;width:100%; padding:0px; height:1.5em;background-color:transparent"><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:68.520179372197%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:#7B68EE;width:14.663677130045%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;border:2px solid #6A5ACD"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:16.816143497758%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;text-align:left"><div style="position: relative; top:0em;left:0.5em;; font-size:0.9em"><a href="/wiki/Johor_Sultanate" title="Johor Sultanate">Johor Sultanate</a> (1528–1855)</div></div></div></div><div style="clear:both;width:100%; padding:0px; height:1.5em;background-color:transparent"><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:62.780269058296%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:#7B68EE;width:4.9775784753363%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;border:2px solid #6A5ACD"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:14.125560538117%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;text-align:left"><div style="position: relative; top:0em;left:0.5em;; font-size:0.9em"><a href="/wiki/Malacca_Sultanate" title="Malacca Sultanate">Malacca Sultanate</a> (1400–1511)</div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:#E6E6FA;width:5.3811659192825%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;border:2px solid #BDB76B"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:12.735426008969%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;text-align:left"><div style="position: relative; top:0em;left:0.5em;; font-size:0.9em"><a href="/wiki/Straits_Settlements" title="Straits Settlements">Straits Settlements</a> (1826–1946)</div></div></div></div><div style="clear:both;width:100%; padding:0px; height:1.5em;background-color:transparent"><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:57.982062780269%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:#7B68EE;width:10.493273542601%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;border:2px solid #6A5ACD"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:16.502242152466%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;text-align:left"><div style="position: relative; top:0em;left:0.5em;; font-size:0.9em"><a href="/wiki/Majapahit" title="Majapahit">Majapahit</a> (1293–1527)</div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:#E6E6FA;width:2.2869955156951%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;border:2px solid #BDB76B"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:12.735426008969%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;text-align:left"><div style="position: relative; top:0em;left:0.5em;; font-size:0.9em"><a href="/wiki/Unfederated_Malay_States" title="Unfederated Malay States">Unfederated Malay States</a> (1895–1946)</div></div></div></div><div style="clear:both;width:100%; padding:0px; height:1.5em;background-color:transparent"><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:54.798206278027%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:#7B68EE;width:3.1390134529148%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;border:2px solid #6A5ACD"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:27.040358744395%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;text-align:left"><div style="position: relative; top:0em;left:0.5em;; font-size:0.9em"><a href="/wiki/Singhasari" title="Singhasari">Singhasari</a> (1222–1292)</div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:#E6E6FA;width:2.2869955156951%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;border:2px solid #BDB76B"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:12.735426008969%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;text-align:left"><div style="position: relative; top:0em;left:0.5em;; font-size:0.9em"><a href="/wiki/Federated_Malay_States" title="Federated Malay States">Federated Malay States</a> (1895–1946)</div></div></div></div><div style="clear:both;width:100%; padding:0px; height:1.5em;background-color:transparent"><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:87.264573991031%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:#7B68EE;width:0.089686098654709%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;border:2px solid #6A5ACD"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:12.645739910314%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;text-align:left"><div style="position: relative; top:0em;left:0.5em;; font-size:0.9em"><a href="/wiki/Malayan_Union" title="Malayan Union">Malayan Union</a> (1946–1948)</div></div></div></div><div style="clear:both;width:100%; padding:0px; height:1.5em;background-color:transparent"><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:58.251121076233%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:#7B68EE;width:4.4394618834081%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;border:2px solid #6A5ACD"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:24.57399103139%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;text-align:left"><div style="position: relative; top:0em;left:0.5em;; font-size:0.9em"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Singapura" title="Kingdom of Singapura">Singapura</a> (1299–1398)</div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:#E6E6FA;width:0.4932735426009%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;border:2px solid #BDB76B"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:12.242152466368%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;text-align:left"><div style="position: relative; top:0em;left:0.5em;; font-size:0.9em"><a href="/wiki/Crown_Colony_of_Malacca" title="Crown Colony of Malacca">Malacca</a> (1946–1957)</div></div></div></div><div style="clear:both;width:100%; padding:0px; height:1.5em;background-color:transparent"><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:46.09865470852%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:#7B68EE;width:14.304932735426%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;border:2px solid #6A5ACD"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:26.860986547085%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;text-align:left"><div style="position: relative; top:0em;left:0.5em;; font-size:0.9em"><a href="/wiki/Melayu_Kingdom" title="Melayu Kingdom">Melayu</a> (1028–1347)</div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:#E6E6FA;width:0.4932735426009%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;border:2px solid #BDB76B"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:12.242152466368%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;text-align:left"><div style="position: relative; top:0em;left:0.5em;; font-size:0.9em"><a href="/wiki/Crown_Colony_of_Penang" title="Crown Colony of Penang">Penang</a> (1946–1957)</div></div></div></div><div style="clear:both;width:100%; padding:0px; height:1.5em;background-color:transparent"><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:30.089686098655%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:#7B68EE;width:15.874439461883%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;border:2px solid #6A5ACD"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:41.390134529148%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;text-align:left"><div style="position: relative; top:0em;left:0.5em;; font-size:0.9em"><a href="/wiki/Srivijaya" title="Srivijaya">Srivijaya</a> (671–1025)</div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:#7B68EE;width:0.67264573991031%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;border:2px solid #6A5ACD"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:11.973094170404%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;text-align:left"><div style="position: relative; top:0em;left:0.5em;; font-size:0.9em"><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Malaya" title="Federation of Malaya">Fed. Malaya</a> (1948–1963)</div></div></div></div><div style="clear:both;width:100%; padding:0px; height:1.5em;background-color:transparent"><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:30.089686098655%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:#7B68EE;width:0.94170403587444%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;border:2px solid #6A5ACD"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:57.040358744395%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;text-align:left"><div style="position: relative; top:0em;left:0.5em;; font-size:0.9em"><a href="/wiki/Melayu_Kingdom" title="Melayu Kingdom">Melayu</a> (671–692)</div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:#7B68EE;width:11.928251121076%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;border:2px solid #6A5ACD"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div></div><div style="clear:both;width:100%; padding:0px; height:1.5em;background-color:transparent"><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:17.982062780269%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:#7B68EE;width:22.37668161435%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;border:2px solid #6A5ACD"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:47.757847533632%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;text-align:left"><div style="position: relative; top:0em;left:0.5em;; font-size:0.9em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Kedah" title="History of Kedah">Kedah Tua</a> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="circa">c.</span> 5th–9th century)</div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:#7B68EE;width:11.883408071749%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;border:2px solid #6A5ACD"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div></div><div style="clear:both;width:100%; padding:0px; height:1.5em;background-color:transparent"><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:13.452914798206%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:#7B68EE;width:17.937219730942%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;border:2px solid #6A5ACD"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:55.874439461883%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;text-align:left"><div style="position: relative; top:0em;left:0.5em;; font-size:0.9em"><a href="/wiki/Pan_Pan_(kingdom)" title="Pan Pan (kingdom)">Pan Pan</a> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="circa">c.</span> 300–700)</div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:#E6E6FA;width:0.53811659192825%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;border:2px solid #BDB76B"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:12.19730941704%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;text-align:left"><div style="position: relative; top:0em;left:0.5em;; font-size:0.9em"><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Singapore" title="Colony of Singapore">Singapore</a> (1946–1958)</div></div></div></div><div style="clear:both;width:100%; padding:0px; height:1.5em;background-color:transparent"><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:4.5291479820628%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:#7B68EE;width:26.860986547085%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;border:2px solid #6A5ACD"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:68.609865470852%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;text-align:left"><div style="position: relative; top:0em;left:0.5em;; font-size:0.9em"><a href="/wiki/Chi_Tu" title="Chi Tu">Chi Tu</a> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="circa">c.</span> 2nd–7th century)</div></div></div></div><div style="clear:both;width:100%; padding:0px; height:1.5em;background-color:transparent"><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:#7B68EE;width:67.264573991031%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;border:2px solid #6A5ACD"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:13.90134529148%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;text-align:left"><div style="position: relative; top:0em;left:0.5em;; font-size:0.9em"><a href="/wiki/Langkasuka" title="Langkasuka">Langkasuka</a> (1st–15th century)</div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:#7B68EE;width:4.1255605381166%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;border:2px solid #6A5ACD"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:14.708520179372%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;text-align:left"><div style="position: relative; top:0em;left:0.5em;; font-size:0.9em"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Reman" title="Kingdom of Reman">Reman</a> (1810–1902)</div></div></div></div><div style="clear:both;width:100%; padding:0px; height:1.5em;background-color:transparent"><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:65.336322869955%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:#7B68EE;width:19.955156950673%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;border:2px solid #6A5ACD"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:14.708520179372%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;text-align:left"><div style="position: relative; top:0em;left:0.5em;; font-size:0.9em"><a href="/wiki/Patani_Kingdom" title="Patani Kingdom">Patani</a> (1457–1902)</div></div></div></div><div style="clear:both;width:100%; padding:0px; height:1.5em;background-color:transparent"><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:43.497757847534%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:#DD4444;width:17.713004484305%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;border:2px solid #E20000"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:19.865470852018%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;text-align:left"><div style="position: relative; top:0em;left:0.5em;; font-size:0.9em"><a href="/wiki/Tambralinga" title="Tambralinga">Tambralinga</a> (970–1365)</div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:#7B68EE;width:4.8430493273543%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;border:2px solid #6A5ACD"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:14.080717488789%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;text-align:left"><div style="position: relative; top:0em;left:0.5em;; font-size:0.9em"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Setul_Mambang_Segara" title="Kingdom of Setul Mambang Segara">Setul</a> (1808–1916)</div></div></div></div><div style="clear:both;width:100%; padding:0px; height:1.5em;background-color:transparent"><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:20.986547085202%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:#DD4444;width:19.461883408072%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;border:2px solid #E20000"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:13.408071748879%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;text-align:left"><div style="position: relative; top:0em;left:0.5em;; font-size:0.9em"><a href="/wiki/Lavo_Kingdom" title="Lavo Kingdom">Lavo</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mon_people" title="Mon people">Mon</a>) (468–902)</div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:#00FF00;width:26.053811659193%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;border:2px solid #008000"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:20.089686098655%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;text-align:left"><div style="position: relative; top:0em;left:0.5em;; font-size:0.9em"><a href="/wiki/Nakhon_Si_Thammarat_Kingdom" title="Nakhon Si Thammarat Kingdom">Nakhon Si Thammarat</a> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="circa">c.</span> 13th century–1782)</div></div></div></div><div style="clear:both;width:100%; padding:0px; height:1.5em;background-color:transparent"><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:40.493273542601%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:#F7C000;width:4.3497757847534%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;border:2px solid #D0A200"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:55.156950672646%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;text-align:left"><div style="position: relative; top:0em;left:0.5em;; font-size:0.9em"><a href="/wiki/Lavo_Kingdom" title="Lavo Kingdom">Lavo</a> (<a href="/wiki/Khmer_people" title="Khmer people">Khmer</a>) (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="circa">c.</span> 903–1000)</div></div></div></div><div style="clear:both;width:100%; padding:0px; height:1.5em;background-color:transparent"><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:44.843049327354%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:#00FF00;width:17.399103139013%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;border:2px solid #008000"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:37.757847533632%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;text-align:left"><div style="position: relative; top:0em;left:0.5em;; font-size:0.9em"><a href="/wiki/Lavo_Kingdom" title="Lavo Kingdom">Lavo</a> (<a href="/wiki/Thai_people" title="Thai people">Thai</a>) (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="circa">c.</span> 1000–1388)</div></div></div></div><div style="clear:both;width:100%; padding:0px; height:1.5em;background-color:transparent"><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:35.42600896861%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:#000000;width:8.2511210762332%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;border:2px solid #000000"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:16.905829596413%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;text-align:left"><div style="position: relative; top:0em;left:0.5em;; font-size:0.9em"><a href="/wiki/Canasapura" title="Canasapura">Canasapura</a> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="circa">c.</span> 7th–9th century)</div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:#00FF00;width:18.654708520179%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;border:2px solid #008000"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:20.762331838565%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;text-align:left"><div style="position: relative; top:0em;left:0.5em;; font-size:0.9em"><a href="/wiki/Ayutthaya_Kingdom" title="Ayutthaya Kingdom">Ayutthaya</a> (1351–1767)</div></div></div></div><div style="clear:both;width:100%; padding:0px; height:1.5em;background-color:transparent"><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:43.004484304933%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:#00FF00;width:15.067264573991%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;border:2px solid #008000"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:21.165919282511%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;text-align:left"><div style="position: relative; top:0em;left:0.5em;; font-size:0.9em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phrip-phri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phrip-phri (page does not exist)">Phrip-phri (Thai)</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5" class="extiw" title="th:อาณาจักรพริบพรี">th</a>]</span> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="circa">c.</span> 10th–13th century)</div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:#00FF00;width:0.044843049327354%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;border:2px solid #008000"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:20.717488789238%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;text-align:left"><div style="position: relative; top:0em;left:0.5em;; font-size:0.9em"><a href="/wiki/Phimai" title="Phimai">Phimai</a> (1767–1768)</div></div></div></div><div style="clear:both;width:100%; padding:0px; height:1.5em;background-color:transparent"><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:25.022421524664%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:#DD4444;width:17.937219730942%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;border:2px solid #E20000"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:36.27802690583%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;text-align:left"><div style="position: relative; top:0em;left:0.5em;; font-size:0.9em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phrip-phri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phrip-phri (page does not exist)">Phrip-phri (Mon)</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5" class="extiw" title="th:อาณาจักรพริบพรี">th</a>]</span> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="circa">c.</span> 6th–10th century)</div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:#00FF00;width:0.13452914798206%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;border:2px solid #008000"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:20.627802690583%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;text-align:left"><div style="position: relative; top:0em;left:0.5em;; font-size:0.9em">Phitsanulok (1767–1770)</div></div></div></div><div style="clear:both;width:100%; padding:0px; height:1.5em;background-color:transparent"><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:55.515695067265%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:#00FF00;width:8.9686098654709%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;border:2px solid #008000"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:14.7533632287%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;text-align:left"><div style="position: relative; top:0em;left:0.5em;; font-size:0.9em"><a href="/wiki/Sukhothai_Kingdom" title="Sukhothai Kingdom">Sukhothai</a> (1238–1438)</div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:#00FF00;width:0.67264573991031%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;border:2px solid #008000"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:20.089686098655%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;text-align:left"><div style="position: relative; top:0em;left:0.5em;; font-size:0.9em"><a href="/wiki/Thonburi_Kingdom" title="Thonburi Kingdom">Thonburi</a> (1767–1782)</div></div></div></div><div style="clear:both;width:100%; padding:0px; height:1.5em;background-color:transparent"><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:29.506726457399%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:#00FF00;width:20.134529147982%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;border:2px solid #008000"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:30.269058295964%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;text-align:left"><div style="position: relative; top:0em;left:0.5em;; font-size:0.9em"><a href="/wiki/Singhanavati" title="Singhanavati">Singhanavati</a> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="circa">c.</span> 658–1107)</div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:#00FF00;width:6.7264573991031%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;border:2px solid #008000"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:13.363228699552%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;text-align:left"><div style="position: relative; top:0em;left:0.5em;; font-size:0.9em"><a href="/wiki/Rattanakosin_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Rattanakosin Kingdom">Rattanakosin</a> (1782–1932)</div></div></div></div><div style="clear:both;width:100%; padding:0px; height:1.5em;background-color:transparent"><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:28.609865470852%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:#00FF00;width:29.32735426009%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;border:2px solid #008000"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:28.744394618834%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;text-align:left"><div style="position: relative; top:0em;left:0.5em;; font-size:0.9em"><a href="/wiki/Ngoenyang" title="Ngoenyang">Ngoenyang</a> (638–1292)</div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:#00FF00;width:13.318385650224%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;border:2px solid #008000"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div></div><div style="clear:both;width:100%; padding:0px; height:1.5em;background-color:transparent"><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:#00FF00;width:42.959641255605%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;border:2px solid #008000"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:14.977578475336%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;text-align:left"><div style="position: relative; top:0em;left:0.5em;; font-size:0.9em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kotrabun_Kingdom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kotrabun Kingdom (page does not exist)">Kotrabun</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A3" class="extiw" title="th:อาณาจักรโคตรบูร">th</a>]</span> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="circa">c.</span> 1st century BC–958)</div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:#00FF00;width:21.659192825112%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;border:2px solid #008000"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:20.403587443946%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;text-align:left"><div style="position: relative; top:0em;left:0.5em;; font-size:0.9em"><a href="/wiki/Lan_Na" title="Lan Na">Lan Na</a> (1292–1775)</div></div></div></div><div style="clear:both;width:100%; padding:0px; height:1.5em;background-color:transparent"><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:22.466367713004%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:#00FF00;width:38.206278026906%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;border:2px solid #008000"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:20.134529147982%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;text-align:left"><div style="position: relative; top:0em;left:0.5em;; font-size:0.9em">Early Laos city-states (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="circa">c.</span> 6th–13th century)</div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:#00FF00;width:4.3497757847534%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;border:2px solid #008000"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:14.843049327354%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;text-align:left"><div style="position: relative; top:0em;left:0.5em;; font-size:0.9em"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Chiang_Mai" title="Kingdom of Chiang Mai">Chiang Mai</a> (1802–1899)</div></div></div></div><div style="clear:both;width:100%; padding:0px; height:1.5em;background-color:transparent"><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:60.67264573991%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:#00FF00;width:15.874439461883%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;border:2px solid #008000"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:23.452914798206%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;text-align:left"><div style="position: relative; top:0em;left:0.5em;; font-size:0.9em"><a href="/wiki/Lan_Xang" title="Lan Xang">Lan Xang</a> (1353–1707)</div></div></div></div><div style="clear:both;width:100%; padding:0px; height:1.5em;background-color:transparent"><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:53.856502242152%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:#00FF00;width:31.031390134529%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;border:2px solid #008000"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:15.112107623318%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;text-align:left"><div style="position: relative; top:0em;left:0.5em;; font-size:0.9em"><a href="/wiki/Muang_Phuan" title="Muang Phuan">Phuan</a> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="circa">c.</span> 13th century–1893)</div></div></div></div><div style="clear:both;width:100%; padding:0px; height:1.5em;background-color:transparent"><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:76.547085201794%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:#00FF00;width:5.4260089686099%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;border:2px solid #008000"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:18.026905829596%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;text-align:left"><div style="position: relative; top:0em;left:0.5em;; font-size:0.9em"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Vientiane" title="Kingdom of Vientiane">Vientiane</a> (1707–1828)</div></div></div></div><div style="clear:both;width:100%; padding:0px; height:1.5em;background-color:transparent"><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:28.206278026906%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:#DD4444;width:29.730941704036%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;border:2px solid #E20000"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:18.609865470852%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;text-align:left"><div style="position: relative; top:0em;left:0.5em;; font-size:0.9em"><a href="/wiki/Haripu%C3%B1jaya" title="Haripuñjaya">Haripuñjaya</a> (629–1292)</div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:#00FF00;width:8.3408071748879%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;border:2px solid #008000"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:15.112107623318%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;text-align:left"><div style="position: relative; top:0em;left:0.5em;; font-size:0.9em"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Luang_Phrabang" title="Kingdom of Luang Phrabang">Luang Phrabang</a> (1707–1893)</div></div></div></div><div style="clear:both;width:100%; padding:0px; height:1.5em;background-color:transparent"><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:9.0134529147982%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:#DD4444;width:40.269058295964%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;border:2px solid #E20000"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:27.533632286996%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;text-align:left"><div style="position: relative; top:0em;left:0.5em;; font-size:0.9em"><a href="/wiki/Dvaravati" title="Dvaravati">Dvaravati</a> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="circa">c.</span> 201–1099)</div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:#00FF00;width:8.5650224215247%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;border:2px solid #008000"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:14.618834080717%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;text-align:left"><div style="position: relative; top:0em;left:0.5em;; font-size:0.9em"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Champasak" title="Kingdom of Champasak">Champasak</a> (1713–1904)</div></div></div></div><div style="clear:both;width:100%; padding:0px; height:1.5em;background-color:transparent"><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:#DD4444;width:36.995515695067%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;border:2px solid #E20000"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:47.892376681614%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;text-align:left"><div style="position: relative; top:0em;left:0.5em;; font-size:0.9em">Mon city-states (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="circa">c.</span> 573 BC–825)</div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:#E6E6FA;width:2.6905829596413%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;border:2px solid #BDB76B"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:12.421524663677%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;text-align:left"><div style="position: relative; top:0em;left:0.5em;; font-size:0.9em"><a href="/wiki/French_protectorate_of_Laos" title="French protectorate of Laos">French Laos</a> (1893–1953)</div></div></div></div><div style="clear:both;width:100%; padding:0px; height:1.5em;background-color:transparent"><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:#DD4444;width:47.399103139013%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;border:2px solid #E20000"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:40.179372197309%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;text-align:left"><div style="position: relative; top:0em;left:0.5em;; font-size:0.9em"><a href="/wiki/Thaton_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Thaton Kingdom">Thaton</a> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="circa">c.</span> 400 BC–1057)</div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:#00FF00;width:12.421524663677%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;border:2px solid #008000"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div></div><div style="clear:both;width:100%; padding:0px; height:1.5em;background-color:transparent"><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:#00FF00;width:66.322869955157%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;border:2px solid #008000"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:33.677130044843%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;text-align:left"><div style="position: relative; top:0em;left:0.5em;; font-size:0.9em"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Pong" title="Kingdom of Pong">Pong</a> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="circa">c.</span> 1st century–1479)</div></div></div></div><div style="clear:both;width:100%; padding:0px; height:1.5em;background-color:transparent"><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:25.470852017937%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:#00FF00;width:46.457399103139%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;border:2px solid #008000"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:28.071748878924%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;text-align:left"><div style="position: relative; top:0em;left:0.5em;; font-size:0.9em"><a href="/wiki/M%C3%B6ng_Mao" title="Möng Mao">Möng Mao</a> (568–1604)</div></div></div></div><div style="clear:both;width:100%; padding:0px; height:1.5em;background-color:transparent"><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:33.094170403587%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:#696969;width:7.3542600896861%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;border:2px solid #808080"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:14.035874439462%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;text-align:left"><div style="position: relative; top:0em;left:0.5em;; font-size:0.9em"><a href="/wiki/Nanzhao" title="Nanzhao">Nanzhao</a> (738–902)</div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:#00FF00;width:15.2466367713%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;border:2px solid #008000"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:30.269058295964%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;text-align:left"><div style="position: relative; top:0em;left:0.5em;; font-size:0.9em"><a href="/wiki/Shan_States" title="Shan States">Shan</a> (1215–1555)</div></div></div></div><div style="clear:both;width:100%; padding:0px; height:1.5em;background-color:transparent"><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:54.484304932735%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:#00FF00;width:11.838565022422%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;border:2px solid #008000"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:0.22421524663677%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;text-align:left"><div style="position: relative; top:0em;left:0.5em;; font-size:0.9em"><a href="/wiki/Mongkawng" title="Mongkawng">Mogaung</a></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:#00FF00;width:0.4932735426009%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;border:2px solid #008000"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:32.959641255605%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;text-align:left"><div style="position: relative; top:0em;left:0.5em;; font-size:0.9em"><a href="/wiki/Mongkawng" title="Mongkawng">Mogaung</a> (1215–1479, 1484–1495)</div></div></div></div><div style="clear:both;width:100%; padding:0px; height:1.5em;background-color:transparent"><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:16.591928251121%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:#F4A460;width:20.089686098655%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;border:2px solid #CD853F"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:18.789237668161%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;text-align:left"><div style="position: relative; top:0em;left:0.5em;; font-size:0.9em"><a href="/wiki/Waithali" title="Waithali">Waithali</a> (370–818)</div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:#F4A460;width:8.6547085201794%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;border:2px solid #CD853F"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:35.874439461883%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;text-align:left"><div style="position: relative; top:0em;left:0.5em;; font-size:0.9em"><a href="/wiki/Laymro_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Laymro Kingdom">Laymro</a> (1237–1430)</div></div></div></div><div style="clear:both;width:100%; padding:0px; height:1.5em;background-color:transparent"><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:13.497757847534%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:#F4A460;width:3.0493273542601%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;border:2px solid #CD853F"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:47.578475336323%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;text-align:left"><div style="position: relative; top:0em;left:0.5em;; font-size:0.9em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Rakhine#Dhanyawadi" title="History of Rakhine">Dhanyawadi</a> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="circa">c.</span> Early 4th century–369)</div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:#F4A460;width:15.919282511211%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;border:2px solid #CD853F"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:19.955156950673%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;text-align:left"><div style="position: relative; top:0em;left:0.5em;; font-size:0.9em"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Mrauk_U" title="Kingdom of Mrauk U">Mrauk U</a> (1430–1785)</div></div></div></div><div style="clear:both;width:100%; padding:0px; height:1.5em;background-color:transparent"><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:61.210762331839%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:#FF00FF;width:8.5201793721973%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;border:2px solid #800080"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:30.269058295964%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;text-align:left"><div style="position: relative; top:0em;left:0.5em;; font-size:0.9em"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Ava" title="Kingdom of Ava">Ava</a> (1365–1555)</div></div></div></div><div style="clear:both;width:100%; padding:0px; height:1.5em;background-color:transparent"><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:58.968609865471%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:#FF00FF;width:2.2421524663677%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;border:2px solid #800080"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:17.354260089686%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;text-align:left"><div style="position: relative; top:0em;left:0.5em;; font-size:0.9em"><a href="/wiki/Sagaing_Kingdom" title="Sagaing Kingdom">Sagaing</a> (1315–1362)</div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:#FF00FF;width:5.9641255605381%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;border:2px solid #800080"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:15.470852017937%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;text-align:left"><div style="position: relative; top:0em;left:0.5em;; font-size:0.9em"><a href="/wiki/Konbaung_dynasty" title="Konbaung dynasty">Konbaung Empire</a> (1752–1885)</div></div></div></div><div style="clear:both;width:100%; padding:0px; height:1.5em;background-color:transparent"><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:66.457399103139%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:#FF00FF;width:2.6905829596413%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;border:2px solid #800080"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:12.645739910314%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;text-align:left"><div style="position: relative; top:0em;left:0.5em;; font-size:0.9em"><a href="/wiki/Prome_Kingdom" title="Prome Kingdom">Prome</a> (1482–1542)</div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:#E6E6FA;width:5.5605381165919%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;border:2px solid #BDB76B"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:12.645739910314%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;text-align:left"><div style="position: relative; top:0em;left:0.5em;; font-size:0.9em"><a href="/wiki/British_rule_in_Burma" title="British rule in Burma">British Burma</a> (1824–1948)</div></div></div></div><div style="clear:both;width:100%; padding:0px; height:1.5em;background-color:transparent"><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:58.878923766816%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:#FF00FF;width:2.3318385650224%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;border:2px solid #800080"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:26.188340807175%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;text-align:left"><div style="position: relative; top:0em;left:0.5em;; font-size:0.9em"><a href="/wiki/Pinya_Kingdom" title="Pinya Kingdom">Pinya</a> (1313–1362)</div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:#FF00FF;width:12.600896860987%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;border:2px solid #800080"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div></div><div style="clear:both;width:100%; padding:0px; height:1.5em;background-color:transparent"><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:58.161434977578%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:#FF00FF;width:0.71748878923767%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;border:2px solid #800080"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:12.825112107623%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;text-align:left"><div style="position: relative; top:0em;left:0.5em;; font-size:0.9em"><a href="/wiki/Myinsaing_Kingdom" title="Myinsaing Kingdom">Myinsaing</a> (1297–1313)</div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:#FF00FF;width:6.8609865470852%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;border:2px solid #800080"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:21.434977578475%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;text-align:left"><div style="position: relative; top:0em;left:0.5em;; font-size:0.9em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Myanmar#Restored_Taungoo_Kingdom" title="History of Myanmar">Restored Taungoo</a> (1599–1752)</div></div></div></div><div style="clear:both;width:100%; padding:0px; height:1.5em;background-color:transparent"><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:38.071748878924%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:#FF00FF;width:20.089686098655%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;border:2px solid #800080"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:9.5515695067265%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;text-align:left"><div style="position: relative; top:0em;left:0.5em;; font-size:0.9em"><a href="/wiki/Pagan_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Pagan Kingdom">Pagan</a> (849–1297)</div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:#FF00FF;width:3.9910313901345%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;border:2px solid #800080"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:28.295964125561%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;text-align:left"><div style="position: relative; top:0em;left:0.5em;; font-size:0.9em"><a href="/wiki/First_Toungoo_Empire" title="First Toungoo Empire">Toungoo Empire</a> (1510–1599)</div></div></div></div><div style="clear:both;width:100%; padding:0px; height:1.5em;background-color:transparent"><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:9.0134529147982%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:#4169E1;width:38.071748878924%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;border:2px solid #0000FF"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:10.627802690583%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;text-align:left"><div style="position: relative; top:0em;left:0.5em;; font-size:0.9em"><a href="/wiki/Sri_Ksetra_Kingdom" title="Sri Ksetra Kingdom">Sri Ksetra</a> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="circa">c.</span> 3rd century–1050s)</div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:#DD4444;width:11.883408071749%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;border:2px solid #E20000"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:30.403587443946%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;text-align:left"><div style="position: relative; top:0em;left:0.5em;; font-size:0.9em"><a href="/wiki/Hanthawaddy_Kingdom" title="Hanthawaddy Kingdom">Hanthawaddy</a> (1287–1552)</div></div></div></div><div style="clear:both;width:100%; padding:0px; height:1.5em;background-color:transparent"><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:#4169E1;width:47.085201793722%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;border:2px solid #0000FF"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:30.941704035874%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;text-align:left"><div style="position: relative; top:0em;left:0.5em;; font-size:0.9em"><a href="/wiki/Tagaung_Kingdom" title="Tagaung Kingdom">Tagaung</a> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="circa">c.</span> 1st century–1050s)</div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:#DD4444;width:0.76233183856502%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;border:2px solid #E20000"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:21.210762331839%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;text-align:left"><div style="position: relative; top:0em;left:0.5em;; font-size:0.9em"><a href="/wiki/Restored_Hanthawaddy_Kingdom" title="Restored Hanthawaddy Kingdom">Restored Hanthawaddy</a> (1740–1757)</div></div></div></div><div style="clear:both;width:100%; padding:0px; height:1.5em;background-color:transparent"><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:#4169E1;width:47.085201793722%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;border:2px solid #0000FF"><div style="position: relative; top:0em; font-size:0.9em"></div></div></div><div style="float:left; height:100%; text-align:center; overflow: hidden; background-color:transparent;width:52.914798206278%"><div style="box-sizing: border-box;;float:right; width: 100%; height:100%; border-right:none;text-align:left"><div style="position: relative; top:0em;left:0.5em;; font-size:0.9em"><a href="/wiki/Pyu_city-states" title="Pyu city-states">Pyu city-states</a> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="circa">c.</span> 2nd century BC–1050)</div></div></div></div><div style="clear:both;width:100%;max-width:100%;border-top:0.1em solid black;height:1em;"></div><div id="Scale" style="clear:both;position:relative;top:-1.4em;left:-0.2em;width:100%;padding:0;height:2.5em"><div style="float:left;overflow:visible;width:4.4843049327354%">│<div style="font-size:86%; position:relative; left:-0.5em; overflow:visible; white-space:nowrap">0</div></div><div style="float:left;overflow:visible;width:4.4843049327354%">│<div style="font-size:86%; position:relative; left:-0.5em; overflow:visible; white-space:nowrap">100</div></div><div style="float:left;overflow:visible;width:4.4843049327354%">│<div style="font-size:86%; position:relative; left:-0.5em; overflow:visible; white-space:nowrap">200</div></div><div style="float:left;overflow:visible;width:4.4843049327354%">│<div style="font-size:86%; position:relative; left:-0.5em; overflow:visible; white-space:nowrap">300</div></div><div style="float:left;overflow:visible;width:4.4843049327354%">│<div style="font-size:86%; position:relative; left:-0.5em; overflow:visible; white-space:nowrap">400</div></div><div style="float:left;overflow:visible;width:4.4843049327354%">│<div style="font-size:86%; position:relative; left:-0.5em; overflow:visible; white-space:nowrap">500</div></div><div style="float:left;overflow:visible;width:4.4843049327354%">│<div style="font-size:86%; position:relative; left:-0.5em; overflow:visible; white-space:nowrap">600</div></div><div style="float:left;overflow:visible;width:4.4843049327354%">│<div style="font-size:86%; position:relative; left:-0.5em; overflow:visible; white-space:nowrap">700</div></div><div style="float:left;overflow:visible;width:4.4843049327354%">│<div style="font-size:86%; position:relative; left:-0.5em; overflow:visible; white-space:nowrap">800</div></div><div style="float:left;overflow:visible;width:4.4843049327354%">│<div style="font-size:86%; position:relative; left:-0.5em; overflow:visible; white-space:nowrap">900</div></div><div style="float:left;overflow:visible;width:4.4843049327354%">│<div style="font-size:86%; position:relative; left:-0.5em; overflow:visible; white-space:nowrap">1000</div></div><div style="float:left;overflow:visible;width:4.4843049327354%">│<div style="font-size:86%; position:relative; left:-0.5em; overflow:visible; white-space:nowrap">1100</div></div><div style="float:left;overflow:visible;width:4.4843049327354%">│<div style="font-size:86%; position:relative; left:-0.5em; overflow:visible; white-space:nowrap">1200</div></div><div style="float:left;overflow:visible;width:4.4843049327354%">│<div style="font-size:86%; position:relative; left:-0.5em; overflow:visible; white-space:nowrap">1300</div></div><div style="float:left;overflow:visible;width:4.4843049327354%">│<div style="font-size:86%; position:relative; left:-0.5em; overflow:visible; white-space:nowrap">1400</div></div><div style="float:left;overflow:visible;width:4.4843049327354%">│<div style="font-size:86%; position:relative; left:-0.5em; overflow:visible; white-space:nowrap">1500</div></div><div style="float:left;overflow:visible;width:4.4843049327354%">│<div style="font-size:86%; position:relative; left:-0.5em; overflow:visible; white-space:nowrap">1600</div></div><div style="float:left;overflow:visible;width:4.4843049327354%">│<div style="font-size:86%; position:relative; left:-0.5em; overflow:visible; white-space:nowrap">1700</div></div><div style="float:left;overflow:visible;width:4.4843049327354%">│<div style="font-size:86%; position:relative; left:-0.5em; overflow:visible; white-space:nowrap">1800</div></div><div style="float:left;overflow:visible;width:4.4843049327354%">│<div style="font-size:86%; position:relative; left:-0.5em; overflow:visible; white-space:nowrap">1900</div></div><div style="float:left;overflow:visible;width:4.4843049327354%">│<div style="font-size:86%; position:relative; left:-0.5em; overflow:visible; white-space:nowrap">2000</div></div><div style="float:left;overflow:visible;width:4.4843049327354%">│<div style="font-size:86%; position:relative; left:-0.5em; overflow:visible; white-space:nowrap">2100</div></div><div style="float:left;overflow:visible;width:0%">│<div style="font-size:86%; position:relative; left:-0.5em; overflow:visible; white-space:nowrap">2200</div></div></div><div style="clear:both; text-align:center">Timeline of <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">sovereign states</a> in <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mainland Southeast Asia</a> since the 1st century</div></div></div><div style="clear:left;"></div> </div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Regions_of_Asia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Regions_of_Asia" title="Template:Regions of Asia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Regions_of_Asia" title="Template talk:Regions of Asia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Regions_of_Asia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Regions of Asia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Regions_of_Asia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Subregion#Asia" title="Subregion">Regions</a> of <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central_Asia" title="Central Asia">Central</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(<b><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Central_Asia" title="Soviet Central Asia">The 'stans</a></b>)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roof_of_the_World" title="Roof of the World">Roof of the World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Middle_East" title="Greater Middle East">Greater Middle East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aral_Sea" title="Aral Sea">Aral Sea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aralkum_Desert" title="Aralkum Desert">Aralkum Desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caspian_Sea" title="Caspian Sea">Caspian Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dead_Sea" title="Dead Sea">Dead Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Galilee" title="Sea of Galilee">Sea of Galilee</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tartary" title="Tartary">Tartary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transoxiana" title="Transoxiana">Transoxiana</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turan" title="Turan">Turan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Khorasan" title="Greater Khorasan">Greater Khorasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariana" title="Ariana">Ariana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arachosia" title="Arachosia">Arachosia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khwarazm" title="Khwarazm">Khwarazm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sistan" title="Sistan">Sistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstania" title="Kazakhstania">Kazakhstania</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_Steppe" title="Kazakh Steppe">Kazakh Steppe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betpak-Dala" title="Betpak-Dala">Betpak-Dala</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurasian_Steppe" title="Eurasian Steppe">Eurasian Steppe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_Steppe" title="Kazakh Steppe">Kazakh Steppe</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian%E2%80%93Manchurian_grassland" title="Mongolian–Manchurian grassland">Mongolian–Manchurian grassland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_plateau" title="Iranian plateau">Iranian plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altai_Mountains" title="Altai Mountains">Altai Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamir_Mountains" title="Pamir Mountains">Pamir Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tian_Shan" title="Tian Shan">Tian Shan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badakhshan" title="Badakhshan">Badakhshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wakhan_Corridor" title="Wakhan Corridor">Wakhan Corridor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wakhjir_Pass" title="Wakhjir Pass">Wakhjir Pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Imeon" title="Mount Imeon">Mount Imeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_Plateau" title="Mongolian Plateau">Mongolian Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Regions" title="Western Regions">Western Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taklamakan_Desert" title="Taklamakan Desert">Taklamakan Desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karakoram" title="Karakoram">Karakoram</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trans-Karakoram_Tract" title="Trans-Karakoram Tract">Trans-Karakoram Tract</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siachen_Glacier" title="Siachen Glacier">Siachen Glacier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Plateau" title="Tibetan Plateau">Tibetan Plateau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/East_Asia" title="East Asia">East</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Northeast_Asia" title="Northeast Asia">Northeast</a>)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orient" title="Orient">Orient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Archipelago" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese Archipelago">Japanese Archipelago</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_Japan_Arc" title="Northeastern Japan Arc">Northeastern Japan Arc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakhalin_Island_Arc" title="Sakhalin Island Arc">Sakhalin Island Arc</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korea" title="Korea">Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gobi_Desert" title="Gobi Desert">Gobi Desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taklamakan_Desert" title="Taklamakan Desert">Taklamakan Desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Khingan" title="Greater Khingan">Greater Khingan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_Plateau" title="Mongolian Plateau">Mongolian Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inner_Asia" title="Inner Asia">Inner Asia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Central_Asia" title="Greater Central Asia">Greater Central Asia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolia" title="Inner Mongolia">Inner Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outer_Mongolia" title="Outer Mongolia">Outer Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_proper" title="China proper">China proper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchuria" title="Manchuria">Manchuria</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northeast_China" title="Northeast China">Northeast China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeast_China_Plain" title="Northeast China Plain">Northeast China Plain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outer_Manchuria" title="Outer Manchuria">Outer Manchuria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian%E2%80%93Manchurian_grassland" title="Mongolian–Manchurian grassland">Mongolian–Manchurian grassland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_China_Plain" title="North China Plain">North China Plain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yan_Mountains" title="Yan Mountains">Yan Mountains</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaodong_Peninsula" title="Liaodong Peninsula">Liaodong Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-mountain_Asia" title="High-mountain Asia">High-mountain Asia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Himalayas" title="Himalayas">Himalayas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Plateau" title="Tibetan Plateau">Tibetan Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karakoram" title="Karakoram">Karakoram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunlun_Mountains" title="Kunlun Mountains">Kunlun Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qilian_Mountains" title="Qilian Mountains">Qilian Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hengduan_Mountains" title="Hengduan Mountains">Hengduan Mountains</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarim_Basin" title="Tarim Basin">Tarim Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qinling_Mountains" class="mw-redirect" title="Qinling Mountains">Qinling Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sichuan_Basin" title="Sichuan Basin">Sichuan Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Silk_Road" title="Northern Silk Road">Northern Silk Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hexi_Corridor" title="Hexi Corridor">Hexi Corridor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yunnan%E2%80%93Guizhou_Plateau" title="Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau">Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingnan" title="Lingnan">Lingnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liangguang" title="Liangguang">Liangguang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiangnan" title="Jiangnan">Jiangnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jianghuai" title="Jianghuai">Jianghuai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guanzhong" title="Guanzhong">Guanzhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huizhou,_Anhui" title="Huizhou, Anhui">Huizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wu_(region)" title="Wu (region)">Wu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiaozhou_(region)" title="Jiaozhou (region)">Jiaozhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongyuan" title="Zhongyuan">Zhongyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Shaanxi" title="Southern Shaanxi">Shaannan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordos_Plateau" title="Ordos Plateau">Ordos Loop</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Loess_Plateau" title="Loess Plateau">Loess Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Shaanxi" title="Northern Shaanxi">Shaanbei</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamgyong_Mountains" title="Hamgyong Mountains">Hamgyong Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Mountain_Range" title="Central Mountain Range">Central Mountain Range</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Alps" title="Japanese Alps">Japanese Alps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzuka_Mountains" title="Suzuka Mountains">Suzuka Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leizhou_Peninsula" title="Leizhou Peninsula">Leizhou Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Tonkin" title="Gulf of Tonkin">Gulf of Tonkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangtze" title="Yangtze">Yangtze</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yangtze_Delta" title="Yangtze Delta">Yangtze Delta</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_River" title="Yellow River">Yellow River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pearl_River_Delta" title="Pearl River Delta">Pearl River Delta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yenisey" title="Yenisey">Yenisey Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altai_Mountains" title="Altai Mountains">Altai Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wakhan_Corridor" title="Wakhan Corridor">Wakhan Corridor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wakhjir_Pass" title="Wakhjir Pass">Wakhjir Pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Far_East" title="Far East">Far East</a>/<a href="/wiki/Pacific_Asia" title="Pacific Asia">Pacific Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ring_of_Fire" title="Ring of Fire">Ring of Fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asia%E2%80%93Pacific" title="Asia–Pacific">Asia–Pacific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropical_Asia" title="Tropical Asia">Tropical Asia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/North_Asia" title="North Asia">North</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia">Siberia</a>)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arctic" title="Arctic">Arctic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arctic_Circle" title="Arctic Circle">Arctic Circle</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inner_Asia" title="Inner Asia">Inner Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeast_Asia" title="Northeast Asia">Northeast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ural_(region)" title="Ural (region)">Ural</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ural_Mountains" title="Ural Mountains">Ural Mountains</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Far_East" title="Far East">Far East</a>/<a href="/wiki/Pacific_Asia" title="Pacific Asia">Pacific Asia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Far_East" title="Russian Far East">Russian Far East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okhotsk%E2%80%93Manchurian_taiga" title="Okhotsk–Manchurian taiga">Okhotsk–Manchurian taiga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beringia" title="Beringia">Beringia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chukchi_Peninsula" title="Chukchi Peninsula">Chukchi Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamchatka_Peninsula" title="Kamchatka Peninsula">Kamchatka Peninsula</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Far_North_(Russia)" title="Far North (Russia)">Extreme North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tartary" title="Tartary">Tartary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia">Siberia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baikalia" title="Baikalia">Baikalia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lake_Baikal" title="Lake Baikal">Lake Baikal</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baraba_steppe" class="mw-redirect" title="Baraba steppe">Baraba steppe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khatanga_Gulf" title="Khatanga Gulf">Khatanga Gulf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transbaikal" title="Transbaikal">Transbaikal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Siberia" title="Western Siberia">West</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amur" title="Amur">Amur Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yenisey_Gulf" title="Yenisey Gulf">Yenisey Gulf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yenisey" title="Yenisey">Yenisey Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhote-Alin" title="Sikhote-Alin">Sikhote-Alin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolyma" title="Kolyma">Kolyma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bering_Strait" title="Bering Strait">Bering Strait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ring_of_Fire" title="Ring of Fire">Ring of Fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outer_Manchuria" title="Outer Manchuria">Outer Manchuria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asia%E2%80%93Pacific" title="Asia–Pacific">Asia–Pacific</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/East_Indies" title="East Indies">East Indies</a>)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orient" title="Orient">Orient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundaland" title="Sundaland">Sundaland</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mainland/Indochina</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Triangle_temperate_forests" title="Northern Triangle temperate forests">Northern Triangle temperate forests</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_Southeast_Asia" title="Maritime Southeast Asia">Maritime</a>/<a href="/wiki/Malay_Archipelago" title="Malay Archipelago">Malay Archipelago</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peninsular_Malaysia" title="Peninsular Malaysia">Peninsular Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunda_Islands" title="Sunda Islands">Sunda Islands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Sunda_Islands" title="Greater Sunda Islands">Greater Sunda Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesser_Sunda_Islands" title="Lesser Sunda Islands">Lesser Sunda Islands</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Indonesia" title="List of islands of Indonesia">Indonesian Archipelago</a>/<a href="/wiki/Nusantara_(archipelago)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nusantara (archipelago)">Nusantara</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wallacea" title="Wallacea">Wallacea</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timor" title="Timor">Timor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_the_Philippines" title="List of islands of the Philippines">Philippine Archipelago</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luzon" title="Luzon">Luzon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mindanao" title="Mindanao">Mindanao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visayas" title="Visayas">Visayas</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leyte_Gulf" title="Leyte Gulf">Leyte Gulf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Thailand" title="Gulf of Thailand">Gulf of Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Indies" title="East Indies">East Indies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanyang_(region)" title="Nanyang (region)">Nanyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpide_belt" title="Alpide belt">Alpide belt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Far_East" title="Far East">Far East</a>/<a href="/wiki/Pacific_Asia" title="Pacific Asia">Pacific Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ring_of_Fire" title="Ring of Fire">Ring of Fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asia%E2%80%93Pacific" title="Asia–Pacific">Asia–Pacific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropical_Asia" title="Tropical Asia">Tropical Asia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/South_Asia" title="South Asia">South</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Indian_subcontinent" title="Indian subcontinent">Indian Subcontinent</a>)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_South_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Regions of South Asia">Subregions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_South_Asia" title="Eastern South Asia">Eastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_South_Asia" title="Northern South Asia">Northern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_South_Asia" title="Northwestern South Asia">Northwestern</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_South_Asia" title="Southern South Asia">Southern</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orient" title="Orient">Orient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_India" title="Greater India">Greater India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_subcontinent" title="Indian subcontinent">Indian subcontinent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himalayas" title="Himalayas">Himalayas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kangchenjunga" title="Kangchenjunga">Kangchenjunga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanda_Devi" title="Nanda Devi">Nanda Devi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_Kush" title="Hindu Kush">Hindu Kush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bactria" title="Bactria">Bactria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnatic_region" title="Carnatic region">Carnatic region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamilakam" title="Tamilakam">Tamilakam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Ghats" title="Western Ghats">Western Ghats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Ghats" title="Eastern Ghats">Eastern Ghats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganges_Basin" title="Ganges Basin">Ganges Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganges_Delta" title="Ganges Delta">Ganges Delta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guzgan" title="Guzgan">Guzgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashtunistan" title="Pashtunistan">Pashtunistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjab" title="Punjab">Punjab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balochistan" title="Balochistan">Balochistan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gedrosia" title="Gedrosia">Gedrosia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makran" title="Makran">Makran</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marathwada" title="Marathwada">Marathwada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashmir" title="Kashmir">Kashmir</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kashmir_Valley" title="Kashmir Valley">Kashmir Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pir_Panjal_Range" title="Pir Panjal Range">Pir Panjal Range</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thar_Desert" title="Thar Desert">Thar Desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indus_River" title="Indus River">Indus Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indus_River_Delta" title="Indus River Delta">Indus River Delta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indus_Valley_Desert" title="Indus Valley Desert">Indus Valley Desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Gangetic_Plain" title="Indo-Gangetic Plain">Indo-Gangetic Plain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Coastal_Plains" title="Eastern Coastal Plains">Eastern Coastal Plains</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kalinga_(historical_region)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalinga (historical region)">Kalinga</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Coastal_Plains" title="Western Coastal Plains">Western Coastal Plains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meghalaya_subtropical_forests" title="Meghalaya subtropical forests">Meghalaya subtropical forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Gangetic_Plains_moist_deciduous_forests" title="Lower Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests">Lower Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Himalayan_alpine_shrub_and_meadows" title="Northwestern Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows">Northwestern Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doab" title="Doab">Doab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagar_tract" class="mw-redirect" title="Bagar tract">Bagar tract</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Rann_of_Kutch" title="Great Rann of Kutch">Great Rann of Kutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Rann_of_Kutch" title="Little Rann of Kutch">Little Rann of Kutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deccan_Plateau" title="Deccan Plateau">Deccan Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coromandel_Coast" title="Coromandel Coast">Coromandel Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konkan" title="Konkan">Konkan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/False_Divi_Point" title="False Divi Point">False Divi Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindi_Belt" title="Hindi Belt">Hindi Belt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladakh" title="Ladakh">Ladakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aksai_Chin" title="Aksai Chin">Aksai Chin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilgit-Baltistan" title="Gilgit-Baltistan">Gilgit-Baltistan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baltistan" title="Baltistan">Baltistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shigar_Valley" title="Shigar Valley">Shigar Valley</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-mountain_Asia" title="High-mountain Asia">High-mountain Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karakoram" title="Karakoram">Karakoram</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saltoro_Mountains" title="Saltoro Mountains">Saltoro Mountains</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siachen_Glacier" title="Siachen Glacier">Siachen Glacier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengal" title="Bengal">Bengal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Bengal" title="Bay of Bengal">Bay of Bengal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Khambhat" title="Gulf of Khambhat">Gulf of Khambhat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Kutch" title="Gulf of Kutch">Gulf of Kutch</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Halar" title="Halar">Halar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Mannar" title="Gulf of Mannar">Gulf of Mannar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palk_Strait" title="Palk Strait">Palk Strait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trans-Karakoram_Tract" title="Trans-Karakoram Tract">Trans-Karakoram Tract</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wakhan_Corridor" title="Wakhan Corridor">Wakhan Corridor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wakhjir_Pass" title="Wakhjir Pass">Wakhjir Pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakshadweep" title="Lakshadweep">Lakshadweep</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Laccadive_Islands" title="Laccadive Islands">Laccadive Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aminidivi" title="Aminidivi">Aminidivi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paropamisadae" title="Paropamisadae">Paropamisadae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands" title="Andaman and Nicobar Islands">Andaman and Nicobar Islands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andaman_Islands" title="Andaman Islands">Andaman Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicobar_Islands" title="Nicobar Islands">Nicobar Islands</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maldives" title="Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpide_belt" title="Alpide belt">Alpide belt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asia%E2%80%93Pacific" title="Asia–Pacific">Asia–Pacific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropical_Asia" title="Tropical Asia">Tropical Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Plateau" title="Tibetan Plateau">Tibetan Plateau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/West_Asia" title="West Asia">West</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_Caucasus" title="South Caucasus">South Caucasus</a>)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Red_Sea" title="Red Sea">Red Sea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hanish_Islands" title="Hanish Islands">Hanish Islands</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caspian_Sea" title="Caspian Sea">Caspian Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zagros_Mountains" title="Zagros Mountains">Zagros Mountains</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elam" title="Elam">Elam</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_Gulf" title="Persian Gulf">Persian Gulf</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pirate_Coast" class="mw-redirect" title="Pirate Coast">Pirate Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strait_of_Hormuz" title="Strait of Hormuz">Strait of Hormuz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_and_Lesser_Tunbs" title="Greater and Lesser Tunbs">Greater and Lesser Tunbs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Faw_Peninsula" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Faw Peninsula">Al-Faw Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Oman" title="Gulf of Oman">Gulf of Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Aqaba" title="Gulf of Aqaba">Gulf of Aqaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Aden" title="Gulf of Aden">Gulf of Aden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balochistan" title="Balochistan">Balochistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabian_Peninsula" title="Arabian Peninsula">Arabian Peninsula</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Najd" title="Najd">Najd</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Yamama" title="Al-Yamama">Al-Yamama</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hejaz" title="Hejaz">Hejaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tihamah" title="Tihamah">Tihamah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Arabia" title="Eastern Arabia">Eastern Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Arabia" title="South Arabia">South Arabia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hadhramaut" title="Hadhramaut">Hadhramaut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabian_Peninsula_coastal_fog_desert" title="Arabian Peninsula coastal fog desert">Arabian Peninsula coastal fog desert</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Sharat" title="Al-Sharat">Al-Sharat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tigris%E2%80%93Euphrates_river_system" title="Tigris–Euphrates river system">Tigris–Euphrates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Mesopotamia" title="Upper Mesopotamia">Upper Mesopotamia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Mesopotamia" title="Lower Mesopotamia">Lower Mesopotamia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sawad" title="Sawad">Sawad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nineveh_Plains" title="Nineveh Plains">Nineveh Plains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akkad_(city)" title="Akkad (city)">Akkad (region)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babylonia" title="Babylonia">Babylonia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suhum" title="Suhum">Suhum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Mediterranean" title="Eastern Mediterranean">Eastern Mediterranean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mashriq" title="Mashriq">Mashriq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eber-Nari" title="Eber-Nari">Eber-Nari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdistan" title="Kurdistan">Kurdistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levant" title="Levant">Levant</a> (<a href="/wiki/Syria_(region)" title="Syria (region)">Syria region</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palestine_(region)" title="Palestine (region)">Palestine region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transjordan_(region)" title="Transjordan (region)">Transjordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan_Rift_Valley" title="Jordan Rift Valley">Jordan Rift Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philistia" title="Philistia">Philistia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golan_Heights" title="Golan Heights">Golan Heights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hula_Valley" title="Hula Valley">Hula Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galilee" title="Galilee">Galilee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canaan" title="Canaan">Canaan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilead" title="Gilead">Gilead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Desert" title="Syrian Desert">Syrian Desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judea" title="Judea">Judea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaria" title="Samaria">Samaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabah" title="Arabah">Arabah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aram_(region)" title="Aram (region)">Aram</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aram-Naharaim" title="Aram-Naharaim">Aram-Naharaim</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negev" title="Negev">Negev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenicia" title="Phoenicia">Phoenicia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retjenu" title="Retjenu">Retjenu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Lebanon_Mountains" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Lebanon Mountains">Anti-Lebanon Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bekaa_valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Bekaa valley">Bekaa valley</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levantine_Sea" title="Levantine Sea">Levantine Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinai_Peninsula" title="Sinai Peninsula">Sinai Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabian_Desert" title="Arabian Desert">Arabian Desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fertile_Crescent" title="Fertile Crescent">Fertile Crescent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_(Iran)" title="Azerbaijan (Iran)">Iranian Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hauran" title="Hauran">Hauran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_plateau" title="Iranian plateau">Iranian plateau</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dasht-e_Kavir" title="Dasht-e Kavir">Dasht-e Kavir</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Highlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenian Highlands">Armenian Highlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caucasus" title="Caucasus">Caucasus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caucasus_Mountains" title="Caucasus Mountains">Caucasus Mountains</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Caucasus" title="Greater Caucasus">Greater Caucasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesser_Caucasus" title="Lesser Caucasus">Lesser Caucasus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Caucasus" title="South Caucasus">South Caucasus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shirvan" title="Shirvan">Shirvan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kur-Araz_Lowland" class="mw-redirect" title="Kur-Araz Lowland">Kur-Araz Lowland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lankaran_Lowland" title="Lankaran Lowland">Lankaran Lowland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alborz" title="Alborz">Alborz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Absheron_Peninsula" title="Absheron Peninsula">Absheron Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kartli" title="Kartli">Kartli</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taurus_Mountains" title="Taurus Mountains">Taurus Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aeolis" title="Aeolis">Aeolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paphlagonia" title="Paphlagonia">Paphlagonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phasiane_(historical_region)" title="Phasiane (historical region)">Phasiane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isauria" title="Isauria">Isauria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ionia" title="Ionia">Ionia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bithynia" title="Bithynia">Bithynia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cilicia" title="Cilicia">Cilicia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cappadocia" title="Cappadocia">Cappadocia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caria" title="Caria">Caria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corduene" class="mw-redirect" title="Corduene">Corduene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaldia" title="Chaldia">Chaldia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doric_Hexapolis" title="Doric Hexapolis">Doris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lycaonia" title="Lycaonia">Lycaonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lycia" title="Lycia">Lycia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lydia" title="Lydia">Lydia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galatia" title="Galatia">Galatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pisidia" title="Pisidia">Pisidia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontus_(region)" title="Pontus (region)">Pontus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysia" title="Mysia">Mysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arzawa" title="Arzawa">Arzawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speri_(region)" title="Speri (region)">Speri </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophene" title="Sophene">Sophene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biga_Peninsula" title="Biga Peninsula">Biga Peninsula</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Troad" title="Troad">Troad</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyana#Neo-Hittite_period" title="Tyana">Tuwana</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpide_belt" title="Alpide belt">Alpide belt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43467#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" 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class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4072778-6">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Indočína"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge129386&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX451422">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000617144&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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