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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Fatu Hiva</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fatu_Hiva-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kon-Tiki_expedition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kon-Tiki_expedition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span><i>Kon-Tiki</i> expedition</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Kon-Tiki_expedition-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle <i>Kon-Tiki</i> expedition subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Kon-Tiki_expedition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Expedition_to_Easter_Island" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Expedition_to_Easter_Island"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Expedition to Easter Island</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Expedition_to_Easter_Island-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Theory_on_Polynesian_origins" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Theory_on_Polynesian_origins"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Theory on Polynesian origins</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Theory_on_Polynesian_origins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Boats_Ra_and_Ra_II" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Boats_Ra_and_Ra_II"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Boats <i>Ra</i> and <i>Ra II</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Boats_Ra_and_Ra_II-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tigris" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tigris"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span><i>Tigris</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tigris-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-"The_Search_for_Odin"_in_Azerbaijan_and_Russia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#"The_Search_for_Odin"_in_Azerbaijan_and_Russia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>"The Search for Odin" in Azerbaijan and Russia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-"The_Search_for_Odin"_in_Azerbaijan_and_Russia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle "The Search for Odin" in Azerbaijan and Russia subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-"The_Search_for_Odin"_in_Azerbaijan_and_Russia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Background" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Background"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Background</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Background-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Snorri_Sturluson" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Snorri_Sturluson"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Snorri Sturluson</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Snorri_Sturluson-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Revision_of_hypothesis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Revision_of_hypothesis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Revision of hypothesis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Revision_of_hypothesis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pyramids_of_Güímar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pyramids_of_Güímar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Pyramids of Güímar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pyramids_of_Güímar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_projects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_projects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Other projects</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_projects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Decorations_and_honorary_degrees" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Decorations_and_honorary_degrees"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Decorations and honorary degrees</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Decorations_and_honorary_degrees-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Decorations and honorary degrees subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Decorations_and_honorary_degrees-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Governmental_and_state_honours" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Governmental_and_state_honours"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Governmental and state honours</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Governmental_and_state_honours-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Academic_honours" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Academic_honours"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2</span> <span>Academic honours</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Academic_honours-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Honorary_degrees" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Honorary_degrees"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.3</span> <span>Honorary degrees</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Honorary_degrees-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Publications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Publications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Publications</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Publications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Thor Heyerdahl</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 75 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-75" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">75 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thor_Heyerdahl" title="Thor Heyerdahl – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Thor Heyerdahl" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AB%D9%88%D8%B1_%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84" title="ثور هايردال – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ثور هايردال" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%81%E0%A7%B0_%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2" title="টুৰ হেয়াৰ্ডাল – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="টুৰ হেয়াৰ্ডাল" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thor_Heyerdahl" title="Thor Heyerdahl – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Thor Heyerdahl" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tur_Heyerdal" title="Tur Heyerdal – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Tur Heyerdal" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1_%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84" title="تور هایردال – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="تور هایردال" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2" title="টুর হেয়ার্ডাল – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="টুর হেয়ার্ডাল" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80_%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Тур Хеердал – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Тур Хеердал" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80_%D0%A5%D1%8D%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Тур Хэердал – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Тур Хэердал" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80_%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Тур Хейердал – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Тур Хейердал" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thor_Heyerdahl" title="Thor Heyerdahl – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Thor Heyerdahl" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thor_Heyerdahl" title="Thor Heyerdahl – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Thor Heyerdahl" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80_%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80" title="Тур Хейердал Тур – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Тур Хейердал Тур" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thor_Heyerdahl" title="Thor Heyerdahl – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Thor Heyerdahl" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thor_Heyerdahl" title="Thor Heyerdahl – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Thor Heyerdahl" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thor_Heyerdahl" title="Thor Heyerdahl – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Thor Heyerdahl" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thor_Heyerdahl" title="Thor Heyerdahl – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Thor Heyerdahl" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thor_Heyerdahl" title="Thor Heyerdahl – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Thor Heyerdahl" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%98%CE%BF%CF%81_%CE%A7%CE%AD%CE%B9%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BB" title="Θορ Χέιερνταλ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Θορ Χέιερνταλ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thor_Heyerdahl" title="Thor Heyerdahl – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Thor Heyerdahl" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thor_Heyerdahl" title="Thor Heyerdahl – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Thor Heyerdahl" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thor_Heyerdahl" title="Thor Heyerdahl – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Thor Heyerdahl" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1_%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84" title="تور هایردال – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تور هایردال" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thor_Heyerdahl" title="Thor Heyerdahl – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Thor Heyerdahl" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thor_Heyerdahl" title="Thor Heyerdahl – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Thor Heyerdahl" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thor_Heyerdahl" title="Thor Heyerdahl – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Thor Heyerdahl" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thor_Heyerdahl" title="Thor Heyerdahl – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Thor Heyerdahl" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thor_Heyerdahl" title="Thor Heyerdahl – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Thor Heyerdahl" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%86%A0%EB%A5%B4_%ED%97%A4%EC%9C%84%EC%97%90%EB%A5%B4%EB%8B%AC" title="토르 헤위에르달 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="토르 헤위에르달" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B9%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80_%D5%80%D5%A5%D5%B5%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%AC" title="Թուր Հեյերդալ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Թուր Հեյերդալ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2" title="थॉर हेयरडाह्ल – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="थॉर हेयरडाह्ल" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thor_Heyerdahl" title="Thor Heyerdahl – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Thor Heyerdahl" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thor_Heyerdahl" title="Thor Heyerdahl – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Thor Heyerdahl" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thor_Heyerdahl" title="Thor Heyerdahl – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Thor Heyerdahl" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thor_Heyerdahl" title="Thor Heyerdahl – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Thor Heyerdahl" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB,_%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80" title="Хейердал, Тур – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Хейердал, Тур" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thor_Heyerdahl" title="Thor Heyerdahl – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Thor Heyerdahl" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thor_Heyerdahl" title="Thor Heyerdahl – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Thor Heyerdahl" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%93%D7%90%D7%9C" title="תור היירדאל – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תור היירדאל" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%97%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0_%E1%83%B0%E1%83%94%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="თურ ჰეიერდალი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="თურ ჰეიერდალი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80" title="Хейердал Тур – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Хейердал Тур" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thor_Heyerdahl" title="Thor Heyerdahl – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Thor Heyerdahl" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%ABrs_Heijerd%C4%81ls" title="Tūrs Heijerdāls – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Tūrs Heijerdāls" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thor_Heyerdahl" title="Thor Heyerdahl – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Thor Heyerdahl" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thor_Heyerdahl" title="Thor Heyerdahl – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Thor Heyerdahl" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thor_Heyerdahl" title="Thor Heyerdahl – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Thor Heyerdahl" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thor_Heyerdahl" title="Thor Heyerdahl – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Thor Heyerdahl" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2" title="थॉर हायरडाल – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="थॉर हायरडाल" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AB%D9%88%D8%B1_%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84" title="ثور هايردال – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ثور هايردال" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xeyerdal_Tur" title="Xeyerdal Tur – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Xeyerdal Tur" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thor_Heyerdahl" title="Thor Heyerdahl – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Thor Heyerdahl" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%88%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%83%98%E3%82%A4%E3%82%A8%E3%83%AB%E3%83%80%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB" title="トール・ヘイエルダール – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="トール・ヘイエルダール" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thor_Heyerdahl" title="Thor Heyerdahl – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Thor Heyerdahl" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thor_Heyerdahl" title="Thor Heyerdahl – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Thor Heyerdahl" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xeyerdal_Tur" title="Xeyerdal Tur – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Xeyerdal Tur" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1_%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84" title="تور هایردال – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="تور هایردال" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thor_Heyerdahl" title="Thor Heyerdahl – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Thor Heyerdahl" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thor_Heyerdahl" title="Thor Heyerdahl – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Thor Heyerdahl" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thor_Heyerdahl" title="Thor Heyerdahl – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Thor Heyerdahl" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB,_%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80" title="Хейердал, Тур – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Хейердал, Тур" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thor_Heyerdahl" title="Thor Heyerdahl – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Thor Heyerdahl" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thor_Heyerdahl" title="Thor Heyerdahl – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Thor Heyerdahl" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%A5%D0%B5%D1%98%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Тор Хејердал – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Тор Хејердал" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thor_Heyerdahl" title="Thor Heyerdahl – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Thor Heyerdahl" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thor_Heyerdahl" title="Thor Heyerdahl – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Thor Heyerdahl" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thor_Heyerdahl" title="Thor Heyerdahl – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Thor Heyerdahl" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thor_Heyerdahl" title="Thor Heyerdahl – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Thor Heyerdahl" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80_%D2%BA%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Тур Һейердал – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Тур Һейердал" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thor_Heyerdahl" title="Thor Heyerdahl – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Thor Heyerdahl" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80_%D0%A5%D0%B5%D1%94%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Тур Хеєрдал – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Тур Хеєрдал" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thor_Heyerdahl" title="Thor Heyerdahl – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thor Heyerdahl" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thor_Heyerdahl" title="Thor Heyerdahl – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Thor Heyerdahl" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thor_Heyerdahl" title="Thor Heyerdahl – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Thor Heyerdahl" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%89%98%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E6%B5%B7%E5%B0%94%E8%BE%BE%E5%B0%94" title="托尔·海尔达尔 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="托尔·海尔达尔" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%89%98%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E6%B5%B7%E5%B0%94%E8%BE%BE%E5%B0%94" title="托尔·海尔达尔 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="托尔·海尔达尔" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Norwegian anthropologist and adventurer (1914–2002)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the Norwegian frigate, see <a href="/wiki/HNoMS_Thor_Heyerdahl" class="mw-redirect" title="HNoMS Thor Heyerdahl">HNoMS Thor Heyerdahl</a>. For the cruiseferry formerly named MS Thor Heyerdahl, see <a href="/wiki/MS_Vana_Tallinn" title="MS Vana Tallinn">MS Vana Tallinn</a>. For the ship built in 1930, see <a href="/wiki/Thor_Heyerdahl_(ship)" title="Thor Heyerdahl (ship)">Thor Heyerdahl (ship)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Thor Heyerdahl</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Thor_Heyerdahl_2000.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Thor_Heyerdahl_2000.jpg/220px-Thor_Heyerdahl_2000.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Thor_Heyerdahl_2000.jpg/330px-Thor_Heyerdahl_2000.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Thor_Heyerdahl_2000.jpg/440px-Thor_Heyerdahl_2000.jpg 2x" data-file-width="676" data-file-height="901" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Heyerdahl <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 2000</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1914-10-06</span>)</span>6 October 1914<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Larvik" title="Larvik">Larvik</a>, Norway</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">18 April 2002<span style="display:none">(2002-04-18)</span> (aged 87)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Colla_Micheri" title="Colla Micheri">Colla Micheri</a>, Italy</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Oslo" title="University of Oslo">University of Oslo</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouses</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Liv Coucheron-Torp </div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1936; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1947)<wbr /></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Yvonne Dedekam-Simonsen </div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1949; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1969)<wbr /></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Jacqueline_Beer" title="Jacqueline Beer">Jacqueline Beer</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1991)<wbr /></div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">5</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mungo_Park_Medal" title="Mungo Park Medal">Mungo Park Medal</a> <small>(1950)</small></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><b>Scientific career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fields</th><td class="infobox-data category"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethnography" title="Ethnography">Ethnography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adventure" title="Adventure">Adventure</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Doctoral_advisor" title="Doctoral advisor">Doctoral advisor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kristine_Bonnevie" title="Kristine Bonnevie">Kristine Bonnevie</a></li> <li>Hjalmar Broch</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Thor Heyerdahl</b> <a href="/wiki/KStJ" class="mw-redirect" title="KStJ">KStJ</a> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Norwegian pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="no-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Norwegian" title="Help:IPA/Norwegian">[tuːr<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈhæ̀ɪəɖɑːɫ]</a></span>; 6 October 1914 – 18 April 2002) was a Norwegian <a href="/wiki/Adventure" title="Adventure">adventurer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ethnography" title="Ethnography">ethnographer</a> with a background in <a href="/wiki/Biology" title="Biology">biology</a> with specialization in <a href="/wiki/Zoology" title="Zoology">zoology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Botany" title="Botany">botany</a> and <a href="/wiki/Geography" title="Geography">geography</a>. </p><p>Heyerdahl is notable for his <a href="/wiki/Kon-Tiki_expedition" title="Kon-Tiki expedition"><i>Kon-Tiki</i> expedition</a> in 1947, in which he drifted 8,000 km (5,000 mi) across the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean">Pacific Ocean</a> in a primitive hand-built raft from <a href="/wiki/South_America" title="South America">South America</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Tuamotus" title="Tuamotus">Tuamotu Islands</a>. The expedition was supposed to demonstrate that the legendary sun-worshiping red-haired, bearded, and white-skinned "Tiki people" from <a href="/wiki/South_America" title="South America">South America</a> drifted and colonized <a href="/wiki/Polynesia" title="Polynesia">Polynesia</a> first, before actual <a href="/wiki/Polynesian_peoples" class="mw-redirect" title="Polynesian peoples">Polynesian peoples</a>. His <a href="/wiki/Hyperdiffusionist" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyperdiffusionist">hyperdiffusionist</a> ideas on ancient cultures had been widely rejected by the scientific community, even before the expedition.<sup id="cite_ref-Holton_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holton-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Melander_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Melander-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Herman_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Herman-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Engevold_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Engevold-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Heyerdahl made other voyages to demonstrate the possibility of contact between widely separated ancient peoples, notably the <i>Ra II</i> expedition of 1970, when he sailed from the <a href="/wiki/West_Africa" title="West Africa">west coast of Africa</a> to <a href="/wiki/Barbados" title="Barbados">Barbados</a> in a <a href="/wiki/Papyrus" title="Papyrus">papyrus</a> reed boat. He was appointed a <a href="/wiki/Government_scholar" title="Government scholar">government scholar</a> in 1984. </p><p>He died on 18 April 2002 in <a href="/wiki/Colla_Micheri" title="Colla Micheri">Colla Micheri</a>, Italy, while visiting close family members. The Norwegian government gave him a state funeral in Oslo Cathedral on 26 April 2002.<sup id="cite_ref-Thor_Heyerdahl's_Final_Projects_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thor_Heyerdahl's_Final_Projects-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In May 2011, the Thor Heyerdahl Archives were added to <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Memory_of_the_World_Programme#Memory_of_the_World_Register" title="Memory of the World Programme">Memory of the World Register</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the time, this list included 238 collections from all over the world.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Heyerdahl Archives span the years 1937 to 2002 and include his photographic collection, diaries, private letters, expedition plans, articles, newspaper clippings, and original book and article manuscripts. The Heyerdahl Archives are administered by the <a href="/wiki/Kon-Tiki_Museum" title="Kon-Tiki Museum">Kon-Tiki Museum</a> and the <a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Norway" title="National Library of Norway">National Library of Norway</a> in Oslo. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Youth_and_personal_life">Youth and personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thor_Heyerdahl&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Youth and personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Heyerdahl was born in <a href="/wiki/Larvik" title="Larvik">Larvik</a>, Norway, the son of master brewer Thor Heyerdahl (1869–1957) and his wife, Alison Lyng (1873–1965). As a young child, Heyerdahl showed a strong interest in zoology, inspired by his mother, who had a strong interest in <a href="/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin">Charles Darwin</a>'s theory of <a href="/wiki/Evolution" title="Evolution">evolution</a>. He created a small <a href="/wiki/Museum" title="Museum">museum</a> in his childhood home, with a common adder (<i><a href="/wiki/Vipera_berus" class="mw-redirect" title="Vipera berus">Vipera berus</a></i>) as the main attraction. </p><p>He studied <a href="/wiki/Zoology" title="Zoology">zoology</a> and <a href="/wiki/Geography" title="Geography">geography</a> at the faculty of biological science at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oslo" title="University of Oslo">University of Oslo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the same time, he privately studied <a href="/wiki/Polynesia" title="Polynesia">Polynesian</a> culture and history, consulting what was then the world's largest private collection of books and papers on Polynesia, owned by <a href="/wiki/Bjarne_Kroepelien" title="Bjarne Kroepelien">Bjarne Kroepelien</a>, a wealthy wine merchant in Oslo. (This collection was later purchased by the University of Oslo Library from Kroepelien's heirs and was attached to the <a href="/wiki/Kon-Tiki_Museum" title="Kon-Tiki Museum">Kon-Tiki Museum</a> research department.) </p><p>After seven terms and consultations with experts in <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>, a project was developed and sponsored by Heyerdahl's zoology professors, <a href="/wiki/Kristine_Bonnevie" title="Kristine Bonnevie">Kristine Bonnevie</a> and Hjalmar Broch. He was to visit some isolated Pacific island groups and study how the local animals had found their way there. </p><p>On the day before they sailed together to the <a href="/wiki/Marquesas_Islands" title="Marquesas Islands">Marquesas Islands</a> in 1936, Heyerdahl married Liv Coucheron-Torp (1916–1969), whom he had met at the University of Oslo, and who had studied <a href="/wiki/Economics" title="Economics">economics</a> there. He was 22 years old and she was 20 years old. Eventually, the couple had two sons: Thor Jr. (1938–2024)<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Bjørn (1940–2021).<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The marriage ended in divorce shortly before the 1947 Kon-Tiki expedition, which Liv had helped to organize.<sup id="cite_ref-KTM_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KTM-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the <a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_Norway" title="German occupation of Norway">occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany</a>, he served with the <a href="/wiki/Free_Norwegian_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Free Norwegian Forces">Free Norwegian Forces</a> from 1944, in the far north province of <a href="/wiki/Finnmark" title="Finnmark">Finnmark</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-obit1_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-obit1-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-obit2_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-obit2-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1949, Heyerdahl married Yvonne Dedekam-Simonsen (1924–2006). They had three daughters: Annette, Marian, and Helene Elisabeth. They were divorced in 1969. Heyerdahl blamed their separation on his being away from home and differences in their ideas for bringing up children. In his autobiography, he concluded that he should take the entire blame for their separation.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1991, Heyerdahl married <a href="/wiki/Jacqueline_Beer" title="Jacqueline Beer">Jacqueline Beer</a> (born 1932) as his third wife. They lived in <a href="/wiki/Tenerife" title="Tenerife">Tenerife</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canary_Islands" title="Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a>, and were very actively involved with archaeological projects, especially in <a href="/wiki/T%C3%BAcume" title="Túcume">Túcume</a>, Peru, and <a href="/wiki/Azov" title="Azov">Azov</a> until his death in 2002. He had still been hoping to undertake an archaeological project in <a href="/wiki/Samoa" title="Samoa">Samoa</a> before he died.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fatu_Hiva">Fatu Hiva</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thor_Heyerdahl&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Fatu Hiva"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Fatu_Hiva_(book)" title="Fatu Hiva (book)">Fatu Hiva (book)</a></div> <p>In 1936, on the day after his marriage to Liv Coucheron Torp, the young couple set out for the South Pacific Island of <a href="/wiki/Fatu_Hiva" class="mw-redirect" title="Fatu Hiva">Fatu Hiva</a>. They nominally had an academic mission, to research the spread of animal species between islands, but in reality they intended to "run away to the South Seas" and never return home.<sup id="cite_ref-FHWP_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FHWP-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Aided by expedition funding from their parents, they nonetheless arrived on the island lacking "provisions, weapons or a radio". Residents in Tahiti, where they stopped en route, did convince them to take a machete and a cooking pot.<sup id="cite_ref-KTM_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KTM-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>They arrived at Fatu Hiva in 1937, in the valley of <a href="/wiki/Omo%27a" title="Omo'a">Omo‘a</a>, and decided to cross over the island's mountainous interior to settle in one of the small, nearly abandoned, valleys on the eastern side of the island. There, they made their <a href="/wiki/Thatch" class="mw-redirect" title="Thatch">thatch</a>-covered stilted home in the valley of <a href="/wiki/Uia" title="Uia">Uia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FHWP_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FHWP-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Living in such primitive conditions was a daunting task, but they managed to live off the land, and work on their academic goals, by collecting and studying zoological and botanical specimens. They discovered unusual artifacts, listened to the natives' oral history traditions, and took note of the prevailing winds and ocean currents.<sup id="cite_ref-KTM_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KTM-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It was in this setting, surrounded by the ruins of the formerly glorious <a href="/wiki/Marquesan_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Marquesan culture">Marquesan civilization</a>, that Heyerdahl first developed his theories regarding the possibility of <a href="/wiki/Pre-Columbian_trans-oceanic_contact" class="mw-redirect" title="Pre-Columbian trans-oceanic contact">pre-Columbian trans-oceanic contact</a> between the pre-European <a href="/wiki/Polynesians" title="Polynesians">Polynesians</a>, and the peoples and cultures of <a href="/wiki/South_America" title="South America">South America</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FHWP_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FHWP-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite the seemingly idyllic situation, the exposure to various tropical diseases and other difficulties caused them to return to civilisation a year later. They worked together to write an account of their adventure.<sup id="cite_ref-KTM_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KTM-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The events surrounding his stay on the <a href="/wiki/Marquesas_Islands" title="Marquesas Islands">Marquesas</a>, most of the time on <a href="/wiki/Fatu_Hiva" class="mw-redirect" title="Fatu Hiva">Fatu Hiva</a>, were told first in his book <i>På Jakt etter Paradiset</i> (<i>Hunt for Paradise</i>) (1938), which was published in Norway but, following the outbreak of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, was never translated and remained largely forgotten. Many years later, having achieved notability with other adventures and books on other subjects, Heyerdahl published a new account of this voyage under the title <i><a href="/wiki/Fatu_Hiva_(book)" title="Fatu Hiva (book)">Fatu Hiva</a></i> (London: <a href="/wiki/Allen_%26_Unwin" title="Allen & Unwin">Allen & Unwin</a>, 1974). The story of his time on Fatu Hiva and his side trip to Hivaoa and Mohotani is also related in <i>Green Was the Earth on the Seventh Day </i> (<a href="/wiki/Random_House" title="Random House">Random House</a>, 1996). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kon-Tiki_expedition"><i>Kon-Tiki</i> expedition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thor_Heyerdahl&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Kon-Tiki expedition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Kon-Tiki_expedition" title="Kon-Tiki expedition">Kon-Tiki expedition</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Pre-Columbian_transoceanic_contact_theories" title="Pre-Columbian transoceanic contact theories">Pre-Columbian transoceanic contact theories</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kon-Tiki,_Kon-Tiki_Museum,_2019_(01).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Kon-Tiki%2C_Kon-Tiki_Museum%2C_2019_%2801%29.jpg/220px-Kon-Tiki%2C_Kon-Tiki_Museum%2C_2019_%2801%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Kon-Tiki%2C_Kon-Tiki_Museum%2C_2019_%2801%29.jpg/330px-Kon-Tiki%2C_Kon-Tiki_Museum%2C_2019_%2801%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Kon-Tiki%2C_Kon-Tiki_Museum%2C_2019_%2801%29.jpg/440px-Kon-Tiki%2C_Kon-Tiki_Museum%2C_2019_%2801%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4016" data-file-height="6016" /></a><figcaption>The <i>Kon-Tiki</i> in the <a href="/wiki/Kon-Tiki_Museum" title="Kon-Tiki Museum">Kon-Tiki Museum</a> in Oslo, Norway</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1947 Heyerdahl and five fellow adventurers sailed from <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Tuamotu_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuamotu Islands">Tuamotu Islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_Polynesia" title="French Polynesia">French Polynesia</a> in a <a href="/wiki/Raft" title="Raft">raft</a> that they had constructed from <a href="/wiki/Balsa" class="mw-redirect" title="Balsa">balsa</a> wood and other native materials, christened the <i><a href="/wiki/Kon-Tiki" class="mw-redirect" title="Kon-Tiki">Kon-Tiki</a></i>. The <i>Kon-Tiki</i> expedition was inspired by old reports and drawings made by the Spanish <a href="/wiki/Conquistadors" class="mw-redirect" title="Conquistadors">Conquistadors</a> of <a href="/wiki/Inca_Empire" title="Inca Empire">Inca</a> rafts, and by native legends and archaeological evidence suggesting contact between <a href="/wiki/South_America" title="South America">South America</a> and <a href="/wiki/Polynesia" title="Polynesia">Polynesia</a>. The <i>Kon-Tiki</i> smashed into the <a href="/wiki/Reef" title="Reef">reef</a> at <a href="/wiki/Raroia" title="Raroia">Raroia</a> in the Tuamotus on 7 August 1947 after a 101-day, 4,300-nautical-mile (5,000-mile or 8,000 km)<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> journey across the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean">Pacific Ocean</a>. Heyerdahl had nearly drowned at least twice in childhood and did not take easily to water; he said later that there were times in each of his raft voyages when he feared for his life.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Heyerdahl's book about <i><a href="/wiki/The_Kon-Tiki_Expedition:_By_Raft_Across_the_South_Seas" class="mw-redirect" title="The Kon-Tiki Expedition: By Raft Across the South Seas">The Kon-Tiki Expedition: By Raft Across the South Seas</a></i> has been translated into 70 languages.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The documentary film of the expedition entitled <i><a href="/wiki/Kon-Tiki_(1950_film)" title="Kon-Tiki (1950 film)">Kon-Tiki</a></i> won an <a href="/wiki/Academy_Awards" title="Academy Awards">Academy Award</a> in 1951. A dramatised version was released in 2012, also called <i><a href="/wiki/Kon-Tiki_(2012_film)" title="Kon-Tiki (2012 film)">Kon-Tiki</a></i>, and was nominated for both the <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Foreign_Language_Film" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film">Best Foreign Language Oscar</a> at the <a href="/wiki/85th_Academy_Awards" title="85th Academy Awards">85th Academy Awards</a><sup id="cite_ref-85thNominees_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85thNominees-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a <a href="/wiki/Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Foreign_Language_Film" title="Golden Globe Award for Best Foreign Language Film">Golden Globe Award for Best Foreign Language Film</a> at the <a href="/wiki/70th_Golden_Globe_Awards" title="70th Golden Globe Awards">70th Golden Globe Awards</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was the first time that a Norwegian film was nominated for both an Oscar and a Golden Globe.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Expedition_to_Easter_Island">Expedition to Easter Island</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thor_Heyerdahl&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Expedition to Easter Island"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Thor_Heyerdahl_-_L0061_934Fo30141701190050.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Thor_Heyerdahl_-_L0061_934Fo30141701190050.jpg/220px-Thor_Heyerdahl_-_L0061_934Fo30141701190050.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Thor_Heyerdahl_-_L0061_934Fo30141701190050.jpg/330px-Thor_Heyerdahl_-_L0061_934Fo30141701190050.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Thor_Heyerdahl_-_L0061_934Fo30141701190050.jpg/440px-Thor_Heyerdahl_-_L0061_934Fo30141701190050.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7267" data-file-height="7325" /></a><figcaption>Thor Heyerdahl, in 1955</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1955–1956, Heyerdahl organised the Norwegian Archaeological Expedition to <a href="/wiki/Easter_Island" title="Easter Island">Easter Island</a>. The expedition's scientific staff included Arne Skjølsvold, Carlyle Smith, <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Ferdon" title="Edwin Ferdon">Edwin Ferdon</a>, Gonzalo Figueroa<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/William_Mulloy" title="William Mulloy">William Mulloy</a>. Heyerdahl and the professional archaeologists who travelled with him spent several months on Easter Island investigating several important archaeological sites. Highlights of the project include experiments in the carving, transport and erection of the notable <a href="/wiki/Moai" title="Moai">moai</a>, as well as excavations at such prominent sites as <a href="/wiki/Orongo" title="Orongo">Orongo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Poike" title="Poike">Poike</a>. The expedition published two large volumes of scientific reports (<i>Reports of the Norwegian Archaeological Expedition to Easter Island and the East Pacific</i>) and Heyerdahl later added a third (<i>The Art of Easter Island</i>). Heyerdahl's popular book on the subject, <i><a href="/wiki/Aku-Aku" title="Aku-Aku">Aku-Aku</a></i> was another international best-seller.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <i>Easter Island: The Mystery Solved</i> (Random House, 1989), Heyerdahl offered a more detailed theory of <a href="/wiki/History_of_Easter_Island" title="History of Easter Island">the island's history</a>. Based on native testimony and archaeological research, he claimed the island was originally colonised by <a href="/wiki/Hanau_eepe" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanau eepe">Hanau eepe</a> ("Long Ears"), from South America, and that Polynesian <a href="/wiki/Hanau_momoko" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanau momoko">Hanau momoko</a> ("Short Ears") arrived only in the mid-16th century; they may have come independently or perhaps were imported as workers. According to Heyerdahl, something happened between Admiral Roggeveen's discovery of the island in 1722 and James Cook's visit in 1774; while Roggeveen encountered white, Indian, and Polynesian people living in relative harmony and prosperity, Cook encountered a much smaller population consisting mainly of Polynesians and living in privation. Heyerdahl notes the oral tradition of an uprising of "Short Ears" against the ruling "Long Ears." The "Long Ears" dug a defensive moat on the eastern end of the island and filled it with kindling. During the uprising, Heyerdahl claimed, the "Long Ears" ignited their moat and retreated behind it, but the "Short Ears" found a way around it, came up from behind, and pushed all but two of the "Long Ears" into the fire. This moat was found by the Norwegian expedition and it was partly cut down into the rock. Layers of fire were revealed but no fragments of bodies.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Theory_on_Polynesian_origins">Theory on Polynesian origins</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thor_Heyerdahl&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Theory on Polynesian origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Austronesian_peoples" title="Austronesian peoples">Austronesian peoples</a></div> <p>The basis of the <i>Kon-Tiki</i> expedition was Heyerdahl's belief that the original inhabitants of <a href="/wiki/Easter_Island" title="Easter Island">Easter Island</a> (and the rest of <a href="/wiki/Polynesia" title="Polynesia">Polynesia</a>) were the "Tiki people", a race of "white bearded men" who supposedly originally sailed from <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a>. He described these "Tiki people" as being a sun-worshipping fair-skinned people with blue eyes, fair or red hair, tall statures, and beards. He further said that these people were originally from the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a>, and had crossed the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic</a> earlier to found the great <a href="/wiki/Mesoamerican_civilizations" class="mw-redirect" title="Mesoamerican civilizations">Mesoamerican civilizations</a>. By 500 CE, a branch of these people were supposedly forced out into <a href="/wiki/Tiahuanaco" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiahuanaco">Tiahuanaco</a> where they became the ruling class of the <a href="/wiki/Inca_Empire" title="Inca Empire">Inca Empire</a> and set out to voyage into the Pacific Ocean under the leadership of "<a href="/wiki/Viracocha" title="Viracocha">Con Ticci Viracocha</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-Holton_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holton-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Melander_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Melander-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chronological_dispersal_of_Austronesian_people_across_the_Pacific.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Chronological_dispersal_of_Austronesian_people_across_the_Pacific.svg/330px-Chronological_dispersal_of_Austronesian_people_across_the_Pacific.svg.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Chronological_dispersal_of_Austronesian_people_across_the_Pacific.svg/495px-Chronological_dispersal_of_Austronesian_people_across_the_Pacific.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Chronological_dispersal_of_Austronesian_people_across_the_Pacific.svg/660px-Chronological_dispersal_of_Austronesian_people_across_the_Pacific.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1053" data-file-height="425" /></a><figcaption>Main migration routes of the <a href="/wiki/Austronesian_Expansion" class="mw-redirect" title="Austronesian Expansion">Austronesian Expansion</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 3000 to 1500 BCE</span>) based on archaeological, linguistic, and genetic studies, as opposed to Heyerdahl's eastern origin hypothesis</figcaption></figure> <p>Heyerdahl said that when the Europeans first came to the Pacific islands, they were astonished that they found some of the natives to have relatively light skins and beards. There were whole families that had pale skin, hair varying in colour from reddish to blonde. In contrast, most of the Polynesians had golden-brown skin, raven-black hair, and rather flat noses. Heyerdahl claimed that when <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Roggeveen" title="Jacob Roggeveen">Jacob Roggeveen</a> discovered <a href="/wiki/Easter_Island" title="Easter Island">Easter Island</a> in 1722, he supposedly noticed that many of the natives were white-skinned. Heyerdahl claimed that these people could count their ancestors who were "white-skinned" right back to the time of Tiki and <a href="/wiki/Hotu_Matua" class="mw-redirect" title="Hotu Matua">Hotu Matua</a>, when they first came sailing across the sea "from a mountainous land in the east which was scorched by the sun". The ethnographic evidence for these claims is outlined in Heyerdahl's book <i><a href="/wiki/Aku-Aku" title="Aku-Aku">Aku-Aku: The Secret of Easter Island</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-rongorongo_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rongorongo-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He argued that the monumental statues known as <a href="/wiki/Moai" title="Moai">moai</a> resembled sculptures more typical of pre-Columbian Peru than any Polynesian designs. He believed that the Easter Island myth of a power struggle between two peoples called the <a href="/wiki/Hanau_epe" title="Hanau epe">Hanau epe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hanau_momoko" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanau momoko">Hanau momoko</a> was a memory of conflicts between the original inhabitants of the island and a later wave of "Native Americans" from the Northwest coast, eventually leading to the annihilation of the Hanau epe and the destruction of the island's culture and once-prosperous economy.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Rose_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rose-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Heyerdahl described these later "Native American" migrants as "Maori-Polynesians" who were supposedly Asians who crossed over the <a href="/wiki/Bering_land_bridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Bering land bridge">Bering land bridge</a> into <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Northwest" title="Pacific Northwest">Northwest America</a> before sailing westward towards Polynesia (the westward direction is because he refused to accept that Polynesians were capable of sailing against winds and currents). He associated them with the <a href="/wiki/Tlingit_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Tlingit people">Tlingit</a> and <a href="/wiki/Haida_people" title="Haida people">Haida peoples</a> and characterized them as "inferior" to the Tiki people.<sup id="cite_ref-Melander_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Melander-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite these claims, DNA sequence analysis of Easter Island's current inhabitants indicates that the 36 people living on Rapa Nui who survived the devastating internecine wars, slave raids, and epidemics of the 19th century and had any offspring<sup id="cite_ref-rongorongo_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rongorongo-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> were Polynesian. Furthermore, examination of skeletons offers evidence of only Polynesian origins for Rapa Nui living on the island after 1680.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hokule%27a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Hokule%27a.jpg/220px-Hokule%27a.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Hokule%27a.jpg/330px-Hokule%27a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Hokule%27a.jpg/440px-Hokule%27a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1728" data-file-height="1152" /></a><figcaption>The <i><a href="/wiki/H%C5%8Dk%C5%ABle%CA%BBa" title="Hōkūleʻa">Hōkūleʻa</a></i>, a performance-accurate replica of a <a href="/wiki/Polynesian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Polynesian people">Polynesian</a> double-hulled <i>wa'a kaulua</i> voyaging canoe, sailed from <a href="/wiki/Hawai%CA%BBi" class="mw-redirect" title="Hawaiʻi">Hawaiʻi</a> to <a href="/wiki/Tahiti" title="Tahiti">Tahiti</a> against prevailing winds in 1976, partly to disprove Heyerdahl's drift hypothesis on his much more primitive and unsteerable <i><a href="/wiki/Kon-Tiki" class="mw-redirect" title="Kon-Tiki">Kon-Tiki</a></i> balsa raft<sup id="cite_ref-Herman_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Herman-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Heyerdahl's hypothesis of Polynesian origins from the Americas is considered <a href="/wiki/Pseudoscience" title="Pseudoscience">pseudoscientific</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scientific_racism" title="Scientific racism">racially controversial</a>, and has not gained acceptance among scientists (even prior to the voyage).<sup id="cite_ref-Holton_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holton-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Melander_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Melander-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Herman_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Herman-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Engevold_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Engevold-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is overwhelmingly rejected by scientists today. Archaeological, linguistic, cultural, and genetic evidence all support a western origin (from <a href="/wiki/Island_Southeast_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Island Southeast Asia">Island Southeast Asia</a>) for Polynesians via the <a href="/wiki/Austronesian_expansion" class="mw-redirect" title="Austronesian expansion">Austronesian expansion</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Arthur_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Arthur-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Conniff_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Conniff-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Wilford_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wilford-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Drift voyaging" from South America was also deemed "extremely unlikely" in 1973 by computer modeling.<sup id="cite_ref-Herman_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Herman-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 1976 voyage of the <i><a href="/wiki/H%C5%8Dk%C5%ABle%CA%BBa" title="Hōkūleʻa">Hōkūleʻa</a></i>, a performance-accurate replica of a <a href="/wiki/Polynesian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Polynesian people">Polynesian</a> double-hulled <i>wa'a kaulua</i> voyaging canoe, from <a href="/wiki/Hawai%CA%BBi" class="mw-redirect" title="Hawaiʻi">Hawaiʻi</a> to <a href="/wiki/Tahiti" title="Tahiti">Tahiti</a> was partly a demonstration to prove that Heyerdahl was wrong. The <i>Hōkūleʻa</i> sailed against prevailing winds and exclusively used <a href="/wiki/Wayfinding" title="Wayfinding">wayfinding</a> and <a href="/wiki/Celestial_navigation" title="Celestial navigation">celestial</a> <a href="/wiki/Polynesian_navigation" title="Polynesian navigation">Polynesian navigation</a> techniques (unlike the modern equipment and charts of the <i>Kon-Tiki</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-Herman_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Herman-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Blakely_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blakely-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Thomas_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thomas-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Hōkūleʻa</i> also remains fully operational, and has since completed ten other voyages, including a three-year <a href="/wiki/Circumnavigation" title="Circumnavigation">circumnavigation</a> of the planet from 2014 to 2017, with other sister ships.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Heyerdahl's hypothesis was part of early <a href="/wiki/Eurocentric" class="mw-redirect" title="Eurocentric">Eurocentric</a> <a href="/wiki/Hyperdiffusionism" title="Hyperdiffusionism">hyperdiffusionism</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Western_world" title="Western world">westerner</a> disbelief that (<a href="/wiki/Non-white" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-white">non-white</a>) "stone-age" peoples with "no math" could colonize islands separated by vast distances of ocean water, even against prevailing winds and currents. He rejected the highly skilled voyaging and navigating traditions of the <a href="/wiki/Austronesian_peoples" title="Austronesian peoples">Austronesian peoples</a> and instead argued that Polynesia was settled from boats following the wind and currents for navigation from South America. As such, the <i>Kon-Tiki</i> was deliberately a primitive raft and unsteerable, in contrast to the sophisticated <a href="/wiki/Outrigger_canoe" class="mw-redirect" title="Outrigger canoe">outrigger canoes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Catamaran" title="Catamaran">catamarans</a> of the Austronesian people.<sup id="cite_ref-PBS_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PBS-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Herman_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Herman-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Anthropologist <a href="/wiki/Robert_Carl_Suggs" title="Robert Carl Suggs">Robert Carl Suggs</a> included a chapter titled "The Kon-Tiki Myth" in his 1960 book on Polynesia, concluding that "The <i>Kon-Tiki</i> theory is about as plausible as the tales of <a href="/wiki/Atlantis" title="Atlantis">Atlantis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mu_(lost_continent)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mu (lost continent)">Mu</a>, and 'Children of the Sun.' Like most such theories, it makes exciting light reading, but as an example of scientific method it fares quite poorly."<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Anthropologist and <a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Society" title="National Geographic Society">National Geographic</a> Explorer-in-Residence <a href="/wiki/Wade_Davis_(anthropologist)" title="Wade Davis (anthropologist)">Wade Davis</a> also criticised Heyerdahl's theory in his 2009 book <i>The Wayfinders</i>, which explores the history of Polynesia. Davis says that Heyerdahl "ignored the overwhelming body of linguistic, ethnographic, and ethnobotanical evidence, augmented today by genetic and archaeological data, indicating that he was patently wrong."<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Boats_Ra_and_Ra_II">Boats <i>Ra</i> and <i>Ra II</i></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thor_Heyerdahl&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Boats Ra and Ra II"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:19-08-28-Ra2-im-Kon-Tiki-Museum-Oslo-RalfR.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/19-08-28-Ra2-im-Kon-Tiki-Museum-Oslo-RalfR.jpg/220px-19-08-28-Ra2-im-Kon-Tiki-Museum-Oslo-RalfR.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/19-08-28-Ra2-im-Kon-Tiki-Museum-Oslo-RalfR.jpg/330px-19-08-28-Ra2-im-Kon-Tiki-Museum-Oslo-RalfR.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/19-08-28-Ra2-im-Kon-Tiki-Museum-Oslo-RalfR.jpg/440px-19-08-28-Ra2-im-Kon-Tiki-Museum-Oslo-RalfR.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2047" data-file-height="1559" /></a><figcaption>The <i>Ra II</i> in the Kon-Tiki Museum</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1969 and 1970, Heyerdahl built two boats from <a href="/wiki/Papyrus" title="Papyrus">papyrus</a> and attempted to cross the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic Ocean</a> from <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a> in Africa. Based on drawings and models from ancient <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>, the first boat, named <i>Ra</i> (after <a href="/wiki/Ra" title="Ra">the Egyptian Sun god</a>), was constructed by boat builders from <a href="/wiki/Lake_Chad" title="Lake Chad">Lake Chad</a> using papyrus reed obtained from <a href="/wiki/Lake_Tana" title="Lake Tana">Lake Tana</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a> and launched into the Atlantic Ocean from the coast of Morocco. The Ra crew included Thor Heyerdahl (Norway), <a href="/wiki/Norman_Baker_(explorer)" title="Norman Baker (explorer)">Norman Baker</a> (US), <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Mauri" title="Carlo Mauri">Carlo Mauri</a> (Italy), <a href="/wiki/Yuri_Senkevich" title="Yuri Senkevich">Yuri Senkevich</a> (USSR), <a href="/wiki/Santiago_Genov%C3%A9s" title="Santiago Genovés">Santiago Genovés</a> (Mexico), Georges Sourial (Egypt), and Abdullah Djibrine (Chad). Only Heyerdahl and Baker had sailing and navigation experience. Genovés would go on to head the <a href="/wiki/Acali" title="Acali">Acali Experiment</a>. </p><p>After a number of weeks, <i>Ra</i> took on water. The crew discovered that a key element of the Egyptian boatbuilding method had been neglected, a tether that acted like a spring to keep the stern high in the water while allowing for flexibility.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Water and storms eventually caused it to sag and break apart after sailing more than 6,400 km (4,000 miles). The crew was forced to abandon Ra, some hundred miles (160 km) before the Caribbean islands, and was saved by a yacht. </p><p>The following year, 1970, a similar vessel, <i>Ra II</i>, was built from Ethiopian papyrus by <a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivian</a> citizens Demetrio, Juan and José Limachi of <a href="/wiki/Lake_Titicaca" title="Lake Titicaca">Lake Titicaca</a>, and likewise set sail across the Atlantic from Morocco, this time with great success. The crew was mostly the same; though Djibrine had been replaced by Kei Ohara from Japan and Madani Ait Ouhanni from Morocco. The boat became lost and was the subject of a United Nations search and rescue mission. The search included international assistance including people as far afield as <a href="/wiki/Loo-Chi_Hu" title="Loo-Chi Hu">Loo-Chi Hu</a> of New Zealand. The boat reached <a href="/wiki/Barbados" title="Barbados">Barbados</a>, thus demonstrating that mariners could have dealt with trans-Atlantic voyages by sailing with the <a href="/wiki/Canary_Current" title="Canary Current">Canary Current</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i>Ra II</i> is now in the <a href="/wiki/Kon-Tiki_Museum" title="Kon-Tiki Museum">Kon-Tiki Museum</a> in <a href="/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo">Oslo</a>, Norway. </p><p>The book <i>The Ra Expeditions</i> and the film documentary <i><a href="/wiki/Ra_(1972_film)" title="Ra (1972 film)">Ra</a></i> (1972) were made about the voyages. Apart from the primary aspects of the expedition, Heyerdahl deliberately selected a crew representing a great diversity in <a href="/wiki/Race_(classification_of_humans)" class="mw-redirect" title="Race (classification of humans)">race</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nationality" title="Nationality">nationality</a>, <a href="/wiki/Religion" title="Religion">religion</a> and political viewpoint in order to demonstrate that, at least on their own little floating island, people could co-operate and live peacefully. Additionally, the expedition took samples of <a href="/wiki/Marine_pollution" title="Marine pollution">marine pollution</a> and presented its report to the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-HeyerdahlAward_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HeyerdahlAward-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tigris"><i>Tigris</i></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thor_Heyerdahl&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Tigris"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tigris_Model_Pyramids_of_Guimar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Tigris_Model_Pyramids_of_Guimar.jpg/170px-Tigris_Model_Pyramids_of_Guimar.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Tigris_Model_Pyramids_of_Guimar.jpg/255px-Tigris_Model_Pyramids_of_Guimar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Tigris_Model_Pyramids_of_Guimar.jpg/340px-Tigris_Model_Pyramids_of_Guimar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1995" data-file-height="2209" /></a><figcaption>Model of the <i>Tigris</i> at the <a href="/wiki/Pyramids_of_G%C3%BC%C3%ADmar" title="Pyramids of Güímar">Pyramids of Güímar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tenerife" title="Tenerife">Tenerife</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Heyerdahl built yet another <a href="/wiki/Reed_boat" title="Reed boat">reed boat</a> in 1977, <i>Tigris</i>, which was intended to demonstrate that trade and migration could have linked <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Indus_Valley_civilization" class="mw-redirect" title="Indus Valley civilization">Indus Valley civilization</a> in what is now Pakistan and western India. Tigris was built in <a href="/wiki/Al-Qurnah" title="Al-Qurnah">Al Qurnah</a> Iraq and sailed with its international crew through the Persian Gulf to Pakistan and made its way into the Red Sea.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After about five months at sea and still remaining seaworthy, the <i>Tigris</i> was deliberately burnt in <a href="/wiki/Djibouti" title="Djibouti">Djibouti</a> on 3 April 1978 as a protest against the wars raging on every side in the <a href="/wiki/Red_Sea" title="Red Sea">Red Sea</a> and <a href="/wiki/Horn_of_Africa" title="Horn of Africa">Horn of Africa</a>. In his Open Letter to the UN Secretary-General <a href="/wiki/Kurt_Waldheim" title="Kurt Waldheim">Kurt Waldheim</a>, Heyerdahl explained his reasons:<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <blockquote><p>Today we burn our proud ship ... to protest against inhuman elements in the world of 1978 ... Now we are forced to stop at the entrance to the Red Sea. Surrounded by military airplanes and warships from the world's most civilised and developed nations, we have been denied permission by friendly governments, for reasons of security, to land anywhere, but in the tiny, and still neutral, Republic of Djibouti. Elsewhere around us, brothers and neighbours are engaged in homicide with means made available to them by those who lead humanity on our joint road into the third millennium. </p><p>To the innocent masses in all industrialised countries, we direct our appeal. We must wake up to the insane reality of our time ... We are all irresponsible, unless we demand from the responsible decision makers that modern armaments must no longer be made available to people whose former battle axes and swords our ancestors condemned. </p><p> Our planet is bigger than the reed bundles that have carried us across the seas, and yet small enough to run the same risks unless those of us still alive open our eyes and minds to the desperate need of intelligent collaboration to save ourselves and our common civilisation from what we are about to convert into a sinking ship.</p></blockquote> <p>In the years that followed, Heyerdahl was often outspoken on issues of international peace and the environment. </p><p>The <i>Tigris</i> had an 11-man crew: Thor Heyerdahl (Norway), <a href="/wiki/Norman_Baker_(explorer)" title="Norman Baker (explorer)">Norman Baker</a> (US), <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Mauri" title="Carlo Mauri">Carlo Mauri</a> (Italy), <a href="/wiki/Yuri_Senkevich" title="Yuri Senkevich">Yuri Senkevich</a> (USSR), Germán Carrasco (Mexico), Hans Petter Bohn (Norway), <a href="/wiki/Rashad_Salim" title="Rashad Salim">Rashad Nazar Salim</a> (Iraq), Norris Brock (US), Toru Suzuki (Japan), Detlef Soitzek (Germany), and Asbjørn Damhus (Denmark). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id=""The_Search_for_Odin"_in_Azerbaijan_and_Russia"><span id=".22The_Search_for_Odin.22_in_Azerbaijan_and_Russia"></span>"The Search for Odin" in Azerbaijan and Russia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thor_Heyerdahl&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: "The Search for Odin" in Azerbaijan and Russia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Background">Background</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thor_Heyerdahl&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Heyerdahl made four visits to <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a> in 1981,<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1994, 1999 and 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Heyerdahl had long been fascinated with the rock carvings that date back to about 8th–7th millennia <a href="/wiki/Common_Era" title="Common Era">BCE</a> at <a href="/wiki/Gobustan_Rock_Art_Cultural_Landscape" class="mw-redirect" title="Gobustan Rock Art Cultural Landscape">Gobustan</a> (about 30 miles/48 km west of <a href="/wiki/Baku" title="Baku">Baku</a>). He was convinced that their artistic style closely resembled the carvings found in his native Norway. The ship designs, in particular, were regarded by Heyerdahl as similar and drawn with a simple sickle-shaped line, representing the base of the boat, with vertical lines on deck, illustrating crew or, perhaps, raised oars. </p><p>Based on this and other published documentation, Heyerdahl proposed that Azerbaijan was the site of an ancient advanced civilisation. He believed that natives migrated north through waterways to present-day <a href="/wiki/Scandinavia" title="Scandinavia">Scandinavia</a> using ingeniously constructed vessels made of skins that could be folded like cloth. When voyagers travelled upstream, they conveniently folded their skin boats and transported them on pack animals. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Snorri_Sturluson">Snorri Sturluson</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thor_Heyerdahl&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Snorri Sturluson"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On Heyerdahl's visit to Baku in 1999, he lectured at the <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_National_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences">Academy of Sciences</a> about the history of ancient Nordic Kings. He spoke of a notation made by <a href="/wiki/Snorri_Sturluson" title="Snorri Sturluson">Snorri Sturluson</a>, a 13th-century historian-mythographer in <i><a href="/wiki/Ynglinga_Saga" class="mw-redirect" title="Ynglinga Saga">Ynglinga Saga</a></i>, which relates that "<a href="/wiki/Odin" title="Odin">Odin</a> (a Scandinavian god who was one of the kings) came to the North with his people from a country called <a href="/wiki/%C3%86sir" title="Æsir">Aser</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (see also <a href="/wiki/House_of_Yngling" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Yngling">House of Ynglings</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mythological_kings_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Mythological kings of Sweden">Mythological kings of Sweden</a>). Heyerdahl accepted Snorri's story as literal truth, and believed that a chieftain led his people in a migration from the east, westward and northward through <a href="/wiki/Saxony" title="Saxony">Saxony</a>, to <a href="/wiki/Fyn" class="mw-redirect" title="Fyn">Fyn</a> in <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a>, and eventually settling in <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a>. Heyerdahl claimed that the geographic location of the mythic Aser or Æsir matched the region of contemporary Azerbaijan – "east of the Caucasus mountains and the Black Sea". "We are no longer talking about mythology," Heyerdahl said, "but of the realities of <a href="/wiki/Geography" title="Geography">geography</a> and <a href="/wiki/History" title="History">history</a>. <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijanis" title="Azerbaijanis">Azerbaijanis</a> should be proud of their ancient culture. It is just as rich and ancient as that of <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a>." </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Thor_Heyerdahl_2000.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Thor_Heyerdahl_2000.jpg/220px-Thor_Heyerdahl_2000.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Thor_Heyerdahl_2000.jpg/330px-Thor_Heyerdahl_2000.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Thor_Heyerdahl_2000.jpg/440px-Thor_Heyerdahl_2000.jpg 2x" data-file-width="676" data-file-height="901" /></a><figcaption>Thor Heyerdahl in 2000</figcaption></figure> <p>In September 2000 Heyerdahl returned to Baku for the fourth time and visited the archaeological dig in the area of the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Kish" title="Church of Kish">Church of Kish</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Revision_of_hypothesis">Revision of hypothesis</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thor_Heyerdahl&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Revision of hypothesis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>One of the last projects of his life, <i><a href="/wiki/Jakten_p%C3%A5_Odin" title="Jakten på Odin">Jakten på Odin</a></i>, 'The Search for Odin', was a sudden revision of his Odin hypothesis, in furtherance of which he initiated 2001–2002 excavations in <a href="/wiki/Azov" title="Azov">Azov</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>, near the <a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Azov" title="Sea of Azov">Sea of Azov</a> at the northeast of the <a href="/wiki/Black_Sea" title="Black Sea">Black Sea</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Storfjell_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Storfjell-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He searched for the remains of a civilisation to match the account of Odin in Snorri Sturlusson, significantly further north of his original target of Azerbaijan on the <a href="/wiki/Caspian_Sea" title="Caspian Sea">Caspian Sea</a> only two years earlier. This project generated harsh criticism and accusations of pseudoscience from historians, archaeologists and linguists in Norway, who accused Heyerdahl of selective use of sources, and a basic lack of scientific methodology in his work.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>His central claims were based on similarities of names in Norse mythology and geographic names in the Black Sea region, e.g. <i>Azov</i> and <i>Æsir</i>, <a href="/wiki/Udi_people" title="Udi people">Udi</a> and Odin, <a href="/wiki/Tyr" class="mw-redirect" title="Tyr">Tyr</a> and <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>. Philologists and historians reject these parallels as mere coincidences, and also anachronisms, for instance the city of Azov did not have that name until over 1,000 years after Heyerdahl claims the Æsir dwelt there. The controversy surrounding the Search for Odin project was in many ways typical of the relationship between Heyerdahl and the academic community. His theories rarely won any scientific acceptance, whereas Heyerdahl himself rejected all scientific criticism and concentrated on publishing his theories in popular books aimed at the general public.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>As of 2024<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thor_Heyerdahl&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, Heyerdahl's Odin hypothesis has yet to be validated by any historian, archaeologist or linguist. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pyramids_of_Güímar"><span id="Pyramids_of_G.C3.BC.C3.ADmar"></span>Pyramids of Güímar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thor_Heyerdahl&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Pyramids of Güímar"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1991 he studied the <a href="/wiki/Pyramids_of_G%C3%BC%C3%ADmar" title="Pyramids of Güímar">Pyramids of Güímar</a> on <a href="/wiki/Tenerife" title="Tenerife">Tenerife</a> and declared that they were not random stone heaps but pyramids. Based on the discovery made by the astrophysicists Aparicio, Belmonte and Esteban, from the <a href="/wiki/Instituto_de_Astrof%C3%ADsica_de_Canarias" title="Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias">Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias</a> that the "pyramids" were astronomically orientated and being convinced that they were of ancient origin, he claimed that the ancient people who built them were most likely sun worshippers. Heyerdahl hypothesised that the Canarian pyramids formed a temporal and geographic stopping point on voyages between ancient Egypt and the <a href="/wiki/Maya_civilization" title="Maya civilization">Maya civilization</a>, initiating a controversy in which historians, esoterics, archaeologists, astronomers, and those with a general interest in history took part.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Between 1991 and 1998, <a href="/wiki/Excavation_(archaeology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Excavation (archaeology)">archaeological excavations</a> of the site were conducted by archaeologists of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_La_Laguna" title="University of La Laguna">University of La Laguna</a>. Preliminary findings were presented at a colloquium in 1996, providing evidence for the dating of the pyramids.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the preceding geophysical <a href="/wiki/Ground-penetrating_radar" title="Ground-penetrating radar">Georadar-Survey</a> eight locations adjacent to the pyramids, each with an area of 25 m<sup>2</sup>, were investigated in layers down to the solid lava-floor. In doing so it was possible to establish three specific sediment layers. Starting from the top these were: </p> <ol><li>A layer of thickness averaging 20 cm, consisting of humus-rich earth with many plant remains and roots; tracks from ploughing were clearly identifiable as were a broad spectrum of readily datable finds from the second half of the 20th century.</li> <li>A layer of thickness averaging 25 cm, similar in composition to the first layer, however containing less humus and a larger amount of small stones; a large variety of finds which could be dated to the 19th and 20th century were found, of which an official seal from 1848 deserves particular mention.</li> <li>A layer of thickness between 25 and 150 cm, composed out of small <a href="/wiki/Volcanic_rocks" class="mw-redirect" title="Volcanic rocks">volcanic rocks</a>, most likely put in place in one movement, which levelled the uneven stone underneath; the stones contained only very few finds, mostly a small number of <a href="/wiki/Pottery" title="Pottery">pottery</a> shards, of which some was local and some imported, both kinds were roughly estimated as belonging to the 19th century. The pyramids stand stratigraphically directly on top of this bottom layer, therefore allowing for an earliest date of construction of the pyramids within the 19th century.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol> <p>Furthermore, under the border edge of one of the pyramids, a natural <a href="/wiki/Lava_cave" title="Lava cave">lava cave</a> was discovered. It had been walled up and yielded artefacts from the time of the <a href="/wiki/Guanches" title="Guanches">Guanches</a>. Since the pyramids lie stratigraphically above the cave, the Guanche finds from between 600 and 1000 AD can only support conclusions on the date of human use of the cave. The above survey indicates that the pyramids themselves cannot be older than the 19th century.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_projects">Other projects</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thor_Heyerdahl&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Other projects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Heyerdahl also investigated the mounds found on the <a href="/wiki/Maldive_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Maldive Islands">Maldive Islands</a> in the Indian Ocean. There, he found sun-orientated foundations and courtyards, as well as statues with elongated earlobes. Heyerdahl believed that these finds fit with his theory of a seafaring civilisation which originated in what is now <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a>, colonised the <a href="/wiki/Maldives" title="Maldives">Maldives</a>, and influenced or founded the cultures of ancient South America and Easter Island. His discoveries are detailed in his book <i>The Maldive Mystery</i>. </p><p>Heyerdahl was also an active figure in <a href="/wiki/Green_politics" title="Green politics">Green politics</a>. He was the recipient of numerous medals and awards. He also received 11 <a href="/wiki/Honorary_degree" title="Honorary degree">honorary doctorates</a> from universities in the <a href="/wiki/Americas" title="Americas">Americas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>. </p><p>In subsequent years, Heyerdahl was involved with many other expeditions and archaeological projects. He remained best known for his boatbuilding, and for his emphasis on cultural <a href="/wiki/Diffusion_(anthropology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Diffusion (anthropology)">diffusionism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-JBS_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JBS-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thor_Heyerdahl&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Thor_Heyerdahl_tomb.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Thor_Heyerdahl_tomb.jpg/220px-Thor_Heyerdahl_tomb.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Thor_Heyerdahl_tomb.jpg/330px-Thor_Heyerdahl_tomb.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Thor_Heyerdahl_tomb.jpg/440px-Thor_Heyerdahl_tomb.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>Thor Heyerdahl's tomb at <a href="/wiki/Colla_Micheri" title="Colla Micheri">Colla Micheri</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Heyerdahl died on 18 April 2002 aged 87 from a <a href="/wiki/Brain_tumor" title="Brain tumor">brain tumour</a> in <a href="/wiki/Colla_Micheri" title="Colla Micheri">Colla Micheri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liguria" title="Liguria">Liguria</a>, where he had gone to spend the Easter holidays with some of his closest family members.<sup id="cite_ref-III2003_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-III2003-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After receiving the diagnosis, he prepared for death, by <a href="/wiki/Suicide_methods#Starvation_and_dehydration" title="Suicide methods">refusing to eat</a> or take medication.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Norwegian government honored him with a <a href="/wiki/State_funeral" title="State funeral">state funeral</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Oslo_Cathedral" title="Oslo Cathedral">Oslo Cathedral</a> on 26 April 2002. He is buried in the garden of the family home in Colla Micheri.<sup id="cite_ref-Thor_Heyerdahl's_Final_Projects_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thor_Heyerdahl's_Final_Projects-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was an atheist.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thor_Heyerdahl&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although much of his work was not accepted by the scientific community for many years, Heyerdahl nevertheless increased public interest in ancient history and anthropology. He also showed that long-distance ocean voyages were possible with ancient designs. As such, he was a major practitioner of <a href="/wiki/Experimental_archaeology" title="Experimental archaeology">experimental archaeology</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Kon-Tiki_Museum" title="Kon-Tiki Museum">Kon-Tiki Museum</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Bygd%C3%B8y" title="Bygdøy">Bygdøy</a> peninsula in <a href="/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo">Oslo</a>, Norway houses vessels and maps from the Kon-Tiki expedition, as well as a library with about 8,000 books. </p><p>The Thor Heyerdahl Institute was established in 2000. Heyerdahl himself agreed to the founding of the institute and it aims to promote and continue to develop Heyerdahl's ideas and principles. The institute is located in Heyerdahl's birth town of Larvik, Norway. In <a href="/wiki/Larvik" title="Larvik">Larvik</a>, the birthplace of Heyerdahl, the municipality began a project in 2007 to attract more visitors. Since then, they have purchased and renovated Heyerdahl's childhood home, arranged a yearly raft regatta in his honour at the end of summer and begun to develop a Heyerdahl centre.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Heyerdahl's grandson, Olav Heyerdahl, retraced his grandfather's <i>Kon-Tiki</i> voyage in 2006 as part of a six-member crew. The voyage, organised by Torgeir Higraff and called the <a href="/wiki/Tangaroa_Expedition" title="Tangaroa Expedition">Tangaroa Expedition</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was intended as a tribute to Heyerdahl, an effort to better understand navigation via centreboards ("guara<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>") as well as a means to monitor the Pacific Ocean's environment. </p><p>A book about the Tangaroa Expedition<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by Torgeir Higraff was published in 2007. The book has numerous photos from the <i>Kon-Tiki</i> voyage 60 years earlier and is illustrated with photographs by Tangaroa crew member Anders Berg (Oslo: Bazar Forlag, 2007). "Tangaroa Expedition"<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> has also been produced as a documentary DVD in English, Norwegian, Swedish and Spanish. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Paul_Theroux" title="Paul Theroux">Paul Theroux</a>, in his book <i>The Happy Isles of Oceania</i>, criticises Heyerdahl for trying to link the culture of Polynesian islands with the Peruvian culture. Recent scientific investigation that compares the DNA of some of the Polynesian islands with natives from Peru suggests that there is some merit to Heyerdahl's ideas and that while Polynesia was colonised from Asia, some contact with South America also existed; several papers have in the last few years confirmed with genetic data some form of contacts with <a href="/wiki/Easter_Island" title="Easter Island">Easter Island</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More recently, some researchers published research confirming a wider impact on genetic and cultural elements in Polynesia due to South American contacts.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Decorations_and_honorary_degrees">Decorations and honorary degrees</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thor_Heyerdahl&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Decorations and honorary degrees"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ThorHeyerdahl_Bust_Guimar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/ThorHeyerdahl_Bust_Guimar.jpg/170px-ThorHeyerdahl_Bust_Guimar.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="252" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/ThorHeyerdahl_Bust_Guimar.jpg/255px-ThorHeyerdahl_Bust_Guimar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/ThorHeyerdahl_Bust_Guimar.jpg/340px-ThorHeyerdahl_Bust_Guimar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1735" data-file-height="2573" /></a><figcaption>Bust of Thor Heyerdahl. <a href="/wiki/G%C3%BC%C3%ADmar" title="Güímar">Güímar</a>, Tenerife.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/2473_Heyerdahl" class="mw-redirect" title="2473 Heyerdahl">Asteroid 2473 Heyerdahl</a> is named after him, as are <a href="/wiki/HNoMS_Thor_Heyerdahl" class="mw-redirect" title="HNoMS Thor Heyerdahl">HNoMS <i>Thor Heyerdahl</i></a>, a Norwegian <a href="/wiki/Nansen_class_frigate" class="mw-redirect" title="Nansen class frigate">Nansen class frigate</a>, along with <i>MS Thor Heyerdahl</i> (now renamed <i><a href="/wiki/MS_Vana_Tallinn" title="MS Vana Tallinn">MS Vana Tallinn</a></i>), and <a href="/wiki/Thor_Heyerdahl_(ship)" title="Thor Heyerdahl (ship)"><i>Thor Heyerdahl</i></a>, a German three-masted <a href="/wiki/Sail_training" title="Sail training">sail training</a> vessel originally owned by a participant of the Tigris expedition. <a href="/wiki/List_of_geological_features_on_Pluto" title="List of geological features on Pluto">Heyerdahl Vallis</a>, a valley on <a href="/wiki/Pluto" title="Pluto">Pluto</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Thor_Heyerdahl_Upper_Secondary_School" title="Thor Heyerdahl Upper Secondary School">Thor Heyerdahl Upper Secondary School</a> in <a href="/wiki/Larvik" title="Larvik">Larvik</a>, the town of his birth, are also named after him. <a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a> honoured Heyerdahl on his 100th birthday by making a <a href="/wiki/Google_Doodle" title="Google Doodle">Google Doodle</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Heyerdahl's numerous awards and honours include the following: </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Governmental_and_state_honours">Governmental and state honours</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thor_Heyerdahl&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Governmental and state honours"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Grand Cross of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Norwegian_Order_of_St_Olav" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Norwegian Order of St Olav">Royal Norwegian Order of St Olav</a> (1987) (Commander with Star: 1970; Commander: 1951)<sup id="cite_ref-PLU_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PLU-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of Peru (1953)<sup id="cite_ref-PLU_71-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PLU-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Grand Officer of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Merit_of_the_Italian_Republic" title="Order of Merit of the Italian Republic">Order of Merit of the Italian Republic</a> (21 June 1965)<sup id="cite_ref-PLU_71-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PLU-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Knight in the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Saint_John_of_Jerusalem" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of Saint John of Jerusalem">Order of Saint John of Jerusalem</a><sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Knight of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Merit_(Egypt)" title="Order of Merit (Egypt)">Order of Merit</a>, Egypt (1971)<sup id="cite_ref-PLU_71-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PLU-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Grand Officer of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Ouissam_Alaouite" title="Order of Ouissam Alaouite">Order of Ouissam Alaouite</a> (Morocco; 1971)</li> <li>Officer, <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Sun_(Peru)" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of the Sun (Peru)">Order of the Sun (Peru)</a> (1975) and Knight Grand Cross</li> <li>International Pahlavi Environment Prize, United Nations (1978)<sup id="cite_ref-PLU_71-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PLU-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Knight of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Golden_Ark" title="Order of the Golden Ark">Order of the Golden Ark</a>, Netherlands (1980)<sup id="cite_ref-PLU_71-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PLU-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Commander, <a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Knights_of_Malta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="American Knights of Malta (page does not exist)">American Knights of Malta</a> (1970)<sup id="cite_ref-PLU_71-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PLU-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civitan_International" title="Civitan International">Civitan International</a> World Citizenship Award<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_Decoration_for_Science_and_Art" title="Austrian Decoration for Science and Art">Austrian Decoration for Science and Art</a> (2000)<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medal_of_St._Hallvard" title="Medal of St. Hallvard">St. Hallvard's Medal</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Academic_honours">Academic honours</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thor_Heyerdahl&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Academic honours"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Retzius Medal, Royal <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Society_for_Anthropology_and_Geography" title="Swedish Society for Anthropology and Geography">Swedish Society for Anthropology and Geography</a> (1950)<sup id="cite_ref-PLU_71-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PLU-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Mungo Park Medal, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Scottish_Geographical_Society" title="Royal Scottish Geographical Society">Royal Scottish Society for Geography</a> (1951)<sup id="cite_ref-PLU_71-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PLU-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Bonaparte-Wyse Gold Medal, <a href="/wiki/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_de_G%C3%A9ographie" title="Société de Géographie">Société de Géographie</a> de Paris (1951)<sup id="cite_ref-PLU_71-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PLU-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Elisha Kent Kane Gold Medal, <a href="/wiki/Geographical_Society_of_Philadelphia" title="Geographical Society of Philadelphia">Geographical Society of Philadelphia</a> (1952)<sup id="cite_ref-PLU_71-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PLU-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Honorary Member, Geographical Societies of Norway (1953), Peru (1953), Brazil (1954)<sup id="cite_ref-PLU_71-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PLU-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Elected Member <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Academy_of_Science_and_Letters" title="Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters">Norwegian Academy of Sciences</a> (1958)<sup id="cite_ref-PLU_71-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PLU-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Fellow, <a href="/wiki/New_York_Academy_of_Sciences" title="New York Academy of Sciences">New York Academy of Sciences</a> (1960)<sup id="cite_ref-PLU_71-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PLU-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Vega Gold Medal, Swedish Society for Anthropology and Geography (1962)<sup id="cite_ref-PLU_71-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PLU-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Lomonosov Medal, <a href="/wiki/Moscow_State_University" title="Moscow State University">Moscow State University</a> (1962)<sup id="cite_ref-PLU_71-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PLU-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Gold Medal, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Geographical_Society" title="Royal Geographical Society">Royal Geographical Society</a>, London (1964)<sup id="cite_ref-PLU_71-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PLU-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Distinguished Service Award, <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Lutheran_University" title="Pacific Lutheran University">Pacific Lutheran University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tacoma,_Washington" title="Tacoma, Washington">Tacoma, Washington</a>, US (1966)<sup id="cite_ref-PLU_71-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PLU-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Member <a href="/wiki/American_Anthropological_Association" title="American Anthropological Association">American Anthropological Association</a> (1966)<sup id="cite_ref-PLU_71-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PLU-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Kiril i Metodi Award, Geographical Society, Bulgaria (1972)<sup id="cite_ref-PLU_71-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PLU-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Honorary Professor, <a href="/wiki/Instituto_Polit%C3%A9cnico_Nacional" title="Instituto Politécnico Nacional">Instituto Politécnico Nacional</a>, Mexico (1972)<sup id="cite_ref-PLU_71-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PLU-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Bradford Washburn Award, <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Science,_Boston" class="mw-redirect" title="Museum of Science, Boston">Museum of Science, Boston</a>, US, (1982)<sup id="cite_ref-PLU_71-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PLU-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>President's Medal, <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Lutheran_University" title="Pacific Lutheran University">Pacific Lutheran University</a>, Tacoma, US (1996)<sup id="cite_ref-PLU_71-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PLU-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Honorary Professorship, <a href="/wiki/Western_University_(Azerbaijan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Western University (Azerbaijan)">Western University</a>, Baku, Azerbaijan (1999)<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Honorary_degrees">Honorary degrees</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thor_Heyerdahl&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Honorary degrees"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_Honoris_Causa" class="mw-redirect" title="Doctor Honoris Causa">Doctor Honoris Causa</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oslo" title="University of Oslo">University of Oslo</a>, Norway (1961)<sup id="cite_ref-PLU_71-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PLU-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Doctor Honoris Causa, <a href="/wiki/Russian_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Russian Academy of Sciences">USSR Academy of Science</a> (1980)<sup id="cite_ref-PLU_71-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PLU-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Doctor Honoris Causa, University of San Martin, Lima, Peru, (1991)<sup id="cite_ref-PLU_71-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PLU-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Doctor Honoris Causa, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Havana" title="University of Havana">University of Havana</a>, Cuba (1992)<sup id="cite_ref-PLU_71-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PLU-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Doctor Honoris Causa, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Kyiv" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Kyiv">University of Kyiv</a>, Ukraine (1993)<sup id="cite_ref-PLU_71-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PLU-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Doctor Honoris Causa, University of Maine, Orono (1998)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publications">Publications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thor_Heyerdahl&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Publications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>På Jakt efter Paradiset</i> (Hunt for Paradise), 1938; <i><a href="/wiki/Fatu_Hiva_(book)" title="Fatu Hiva (book)">Fatu-Hiva: Back to Nature</a> (changed title in English in 1974).</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Kon-Tiki_Expedition:_By_Raft_Across_the_South_Seas" class="mw-redirect" title="The Kon-Tiki Expedition: By Raft Across the South Seas">The Kon-Tiki Expedition: By Raft Across the South Seas</a></i> (<i>Kon-Tiki ekspedisjonen</i>, also known as <i>Kon-Tiki: Across the Pacific in a Raft</i>), 1948.</li> <li><i>American Indians in the Pacific: The Theory Behind the Kon-Tiki Expedition</i> (Chicago: Rand McNally, 1952), 821 pages.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aku-Aku" title="Aku-Aku">Aku-Aku: The Secret of Easter Island</a></i>, 1957.</li> <li><i>Archaeology of Easter Island</i>, vol. 1 (London: George Allen and Unwin, 1961), vol. 2 (1965)</li> <li><i>Sea Routes to Polynesia: American Indians and Early Asiatics in the Pacific</i> (Chicago: Rand McNally, 1968), 232 pages.</li> <li><i>The Ra Expeditions</i> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-14-003462-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-14-003462-5">0-14-003462-5</a>.</li> <li><i>Early Man and the Ocean: The Beginning of Navigation and Seaborn Civilizations</i>, 1979</li> <li><i>The Tigris Expedition: In Search of Our Beginnings</i></li> <li><i>The Maldive Mystery</i>, 1986</li> <li><i>Green Was the Earth on the Seventh Day: Memories and Journeys of a Lifetime</i></li> <li><i>Pyramids of Tucume: The Quest for Peru's Forgotten City</i></li> <li><i>Skjebnemøte vest for havet</i> [<i>Fate Meets West of the Ocean</i>], 1992 (in Norwegian and German only) the Native Americans tell their story, white and bearded Gods, infrastructure was not built by the Inkas but their more advanced predecessors.</li> <li><i>In the Footsteps of Adam: A Memoir</i> (the official edition is Abacus, 2001, translated by Ingrid Christophersen) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-349-11273-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-349-11273-8">0-349-11273-8</a></li> <li><i>Ingen Grenser</i> (No Boundaries, Norwegian only), 1999<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Jakten på Odin</i> (Theories about Odin, Norwegian only), 2001</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thor_Heyerdahl&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M/S_Thor_Heyerdahl" class="mw-redirect" title="M/S Thor Heyerdahl">M/S <i>Thor Heyerdahl</i></a> – a ferry named after him</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_notable_brain_tumor_patients" class="mw-redirect" title="List of notable brain tumor patients">List of notable brain tumor patients</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Columbian_trans-oceanic_contact" class="mw-redirect" title="Pre-Columbian trans-oceanic contact">Pre-Columbian trans-oceanic contact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Columbian_rafts" title="Pre-Columbian rafts">Pre-Columbian rafts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vital_Alsar" title="Vital Alsar">Vital Alsar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kit%C3%ADn_Mu%C3%B1oz" title="Kitín Muñoz">Kitín Muñoz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Viracocha_expedition" class="mw-redirect" title="The Viracocha expedition">The Viracocha expedition</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thor_Heyerdahl&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Holton-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Holton_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Holton_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Holton_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolton2004" class="citation journal cs1">Holton, Graham E. L. 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Bjornar Storfjell, "Thor Heyerdahl's Final Projects". in <i>Azerbaijan International</i>, Vol. 10:2 (Summer 2002), p. 25.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FHWP-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FHWP_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FHWP_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FHWP_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Copied content from <a href="/wiki/Fatu_Hiva_(book)" title="Fatu Hiva (book)">Fatu Hiva (book)</a>;see that page history for attribution</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://azer.com/aiweb/categories/magazine/ai144_folder/144_articles/144_index.html">Quick Facts: Comparing the Two Rafts: Kon-Tiki and Tangaroa,"</a> in Azerbaijan International, Vol. 14:4 (Winter 2006), p. 35.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Personal correspondence via fax on 2 February 1995 to Editor Betty Blair, Azerbaijan International magazine for article "Kon-Tiki Man", <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://azer.com/aiweb/categories/magazine/31_folder/31_articles/31_thorheyerdahl.html">Azerbaijan International, Vol. 3:1 (Spring 1995), pp. 62–63</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Heyerdahl's Kon-Tiki has been translated into 71 languages, according to the Director of Kon-Tiki Museum, September 2013. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 May</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hokule%27a+and+her+sister+vessel+Hikianalia+set+sail&rft.pub=Hawaii+News+Now&rft.date=2014-05-20&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=Chelsea&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hawaiinewsnow.com%2Fstory%2F25546368%2Fhokulea-and-her-sister-vessel-hikianalia-sets-sail&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThor+Heyerdahl" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hawaiinewsnow.com/story/35686686/thousands-to-gather-for-historic-hokulea-homecoming">"Tradition, elation marks Hokulea's triumphant homecoming"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Wayfinders%3A+A+Pacific+Odyssey&rft.atitle=Heyerdahl+and+Sharp&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fwayfinders%2Fpolynesian5.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThor+Heyerdahl" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Robert C. Suggs, <i>The Island Civilizations of Polynesia</i>, New York: New American Library, p. 224.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Wade_Davis_(anthropologist)" title="Wade Davis (anthropologist)">Wade Davis</a>, <i>The Wayfinders: Why Ancient Wisdom Matters in the Modern World</i>, Crawley: University of Western Australia Publishing, p. 46.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeyerdahl1972" class="citation book cs1">Heyerdahl, Thor (1972). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/raexpeditions00heyerich"><i>The Ra Expeditions</i></a></span>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/raexpeditions00heyerich/page/197">197</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ra+Expeditions&rft.pages=197&rft.date=1972&rft.aulast=Heyerdahl&rft.aufirst=Thor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fraexpeditions00heyerich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThor+Heyerdahl" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ryne, Linn. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081221173610/http://www.norway.org/history/expolorers/heyerdahl/heyerdahl.htm">[1]</a>. Retrieved 13 January 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HeyerdahlAward-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HeyerdahlAward_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rederi.no/nrweb/cms.nsf/pages/heyerdahl-award.html">"Heyerdahl award"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Shipowners%27_Association" title="Norwegian Shipowners' Association">Norges Rederiforbund</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Heyerdahl+award&rft.pub=Norges+Rederiforbund&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rederi.no%2Fnrweb%2Fcms.nsf%2Fpages%2Fheyerdahl-award.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThor+Heyerdahl" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPathé" class="citation web cs1">Pathé, British. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britishpathe.com/video/VLVA4EN09P9P62YNTHMVV64KAXCUK-BAHRAIN-NOTED-EXPLORER-THOR-HEYERDAHL-PREPARES-TO-CONTINUE-HIS/query/Reed">"Bahrain: Noted Explorer Thor Heyerdahl Prepares To Continue His Reed-Boat Voyage To India"</a>. <i>www.britishpathe.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Oslo: Forlag, 1987.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://azer.com/aiweb/categories/magazine/84_folder/84_articles/84_kish.html">"8.4 The Kish Church - Digging Up History - An Interview with J. Bjornar Storfjell"</a>. <i>azer.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=azer.com&rft.atitle=8.4+The+Kish+Church+-+Digging+Up+History+-+An+Interview+with+J.+Bjornar+Storfjell&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fazer.com%2Faiweb%2Fcategories%2Fmagazine%2F84_folder%2F84_articles%2F84_kish.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThor+Heyerdahl" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Storfjell-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Storfjell_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Storfjell, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://azer.com/aiweb/categories/magazine/ai102_folder/102_articles/102_heyerdahl_storfjell.html">Thor Heyerdahl's Final Projects</a>," in Azerbaijan International, Vol. 10:2 (Summer 2002).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110725013912/http://www.novus.no/tidsskrifter/heyerdahl.PDF">"Thor Heyerdahl og Per Lillieström. Jakten på Odin. På sporet av vår fortid.Oslo: J.M. Stenersens forlag, 2001. 320 s"</a> [Thor Heyerdahl and Per Lillieström. The hunt for Odin. On the trail of our past. Oslo: J.M. Stenersen's publishing house, 2001. 320 p.] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Reviews. <i>Maal og Minne 1 (2002)</i> (in Norwegian): 98–109. 2002. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.novus.no/tidsskrifter/heyerdahl.PDF">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 25 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Maal+og+Minne+1+%282002%29&rft.atitle=Thor+Heyerdahl+og+Per+Lilliestr%C3%B6m.+Jakten+p%C3%A5+Odin.+P%C3%A5+sporet+av+v%C3%A5r+fortid.Oslo%3A+J.M.+Stenersens+forlag%2C+2001.+320+s&rft.pages=98-109&rft.date=2002&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.novus.no%2Ftidsskrifter%2Fheyerdahl.PDF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThor+Heyerdahl" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStahlsberg2006" class="citation web cs1">Stahlsberg, Anne (13 March 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://skepsis.no/?p=517">"Ytringsfrihet og påstått vitenskap – et dilemma? (Freedom of expression and alleged science – a dilemma?)"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ytringsfrihet+og+p%C3%A5st%C3%A5tt+vitenskap+%E2%80%93+et+dilemma%3F+%28Freedom+of+expression+and+alleged+science+%E2%80%93+a+dilemma%3F%29&rft.date=2006-03-13&rft.aulast=Stahlsberg&rft.aufirst=Anne&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fskepsis.no%2F%3Fp%3D517&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThor+Heyerdahl" class="Z3988"></span> (pdf at <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://skepsis.no/?p=517&article2pdf=1">[2]</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Juan Francisco Navarro Mederos: <i>Arqueología de las Islas Canarias", in: Espacio, Tiempo y Forma, Serie I, Prehistoria y Arqueología, Bd. 10, 1997, S. 467.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Antonio Aparicio Juan/César Esteban López, <i>Las Pirámides de Güímar: mito y realidad</i>. Centro de la Cultura Popular Canaria, La Laguna 2005, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-84-7926-510-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-84-7926-510-6">978-84-7926-510-6</a>, p. 35-52.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Maria Cruz Jiménez Gómez/Juan Francisco Navarro Mederos, <i>El complejo de las morras de Chacona (Güímar, Tenerife): resultados del proyecto de investigación</i>, XII Coloquio de Historia Canario-Americana (1996), Cabildo Insular de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria 1998, vol. 1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Juan Francisco Navarro Mederos/Maria Cruz Jiménez Gómez: <i>El difusionismo atlántico y las pirámides de Chacona</i>, in: Miguel Ángel Molinero Polo y Domingo Sola Antequera: Arte y Sociedad del Egipto antiguo. Madrid 2000, S. 246-249.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Part of the preceding sections are based on the German wikipedia article <i><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyramiden_von_G%C3%BC%C3%ADmar" class="extiw" title="de:Pyramiden von Güímar">Pyramiden von Güímar</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JBS-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-JBS_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">J. Bjornar Storfjell, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.azer.com/aiweb/categories/magazine/ai102_folder/102_articles/102_heyerdahl_storfjell.html">Thor Heyerdahl's Final Projects</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200714073457/http://www.azer.com/aiweb/categories/magazine/ai102_folder/102_articles/102_heyerdahl_storfjell.html">Archived</a> 2020-07-14 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>," in Azerbaijan International, Vol. 10:2 (Summer 2002), p. 25.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-III2003-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-III2003_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarris_M._Lentz_III2003" class="citation book cs1">Harris M. Lentz III (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-HnGCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA134"><i>Obituaries in the Performing Arts, 2002: Film, Television, Radio, Theatre, Dance, Music, Cartoons and Pop Culture</i></a>. McFarland. pp. 134–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-1464-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-1464-2"><bdi>978-0-7864-1464-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Obituaries+in+the+Performing+Arts%2C+2002%3A+Film%2C+Television%2C+Radio%2C+Theatre%2C+Dance%2C+Music%2C+Cartoons+and+Pop+Culture&rft.pages=134-&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-7864-1464-2&rft.au=Harris+M.+Lentz+III&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-HnGCwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA134&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThor+Heyerdahl" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRadford2002" class="citation news cs1">Radford, Tim (19 April 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/travel/2002/apr/19/travelnews.internationaleducationnews.highereducation1">"Thor Heyerdahl dies at 87"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. London<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 July</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Thor+Heyerdahl+dies+at+87&rft.date=2002-04-19&rft.aulast=Radford&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ftravel%2F2002%2Fapr%2F19%2Ftravelnews.internationaleducationnews.highereducation1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThor+Heyerdahl" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/science-obituaries/1391410/Thor-Heyerdahl.html">"Thor Heyerdahl"</a>. 18 April 2002<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Thor+Heyerdahl&rft.date=2002-04-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fobituaries%2Fscience-obituaries%2F1391410%2FThor-Heyerdahl.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThor+Heyerdahl" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://world.wng.org/2013/05/kon_tiki">"Kon-Tiki – World"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kon-Tiki+%E2%80%93+World&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fworld.wng.org%2F2013%2F05%2Fkon_tiki&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThor+Heyerdahl" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Bokmål)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.op.no/heyerdahl/">Heyerdahl-byen</a>. op.no. Retrieved on 5 March 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Torgeir Saeverud Higraff with Betty Blair, "Tangaroa Pacific Voyage: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://azer.com/aiweb/categories/magazine/ai144_folder/144_articles/144_tangaroa.html">Testing Heyerdahl's Theories about Kon-Tiki 60 Years Later</a>", Azerbaijan International, Vol. 14:4 (Winter 2006), pp. 28–53.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.21stcenturysciencetech.com/articles/fall%202003/Guara.html">"21st Century"</a>. <i>21stcenturysciencetech.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=21stcenturysciencetech.com&rft.atitle=21st+Century&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.21stcenturysciencetech.com%2Farticles%2Ffall%25202003%2FGuara.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThor+Heyerdahl" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tangaroa Expedition, available only in Norwegian (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-82-8087-199-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-82-8087-199-2">978-82-8087-199-2</a>), 363 pages. The book has photos related to the <i>Kon-Tiki</i> expedition 60 years earlier and is lavishly illustrated with Tangaroa photos by Swedish crew member Anders Berg.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171025080101/https://www.videomaker.no/">"AS Videomaker"</a>. 25 October 2017. 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Retrieved on 7 July 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.quirinale.it/elementi/Onorificenze.aspx?pag=0&qIdOnorificenza=&cognome=heyerdahl&nome=&daAnno=1900&aAnno=1990&luogoNascita=&testo=&ordinamento=OCO_ANNO_DECRETO%20DESC,OCO_MESE_DECRETO%20DESC,OCO_GIORNO_DECRETO%20DESC">"Presidenza della Republica; ONORIFICENZE"</a> (in Italian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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(1992), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArmbrester1992" class="citation book cs1">Armbrester, Margaret E. (1992). <i>The Civitan Story</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Reply+to+a+parliamentary+question&rft.pages=1381&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parlament.gv.at%2FPAKT%2FVHG%2FXXIV%2FAB%2FAB_10542%2Fimfname_251156.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThor+Heyerdahl" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.plu.edu/~ryandp/thor.html">"Thor Heyerdahl"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 January</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Thor+Heyerdahl&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.plu.edu%2F~ryandp%2Fthor.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThor+Heyerdahl" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Thor Heyerdahl: Beyond Borders, Beyond Seas: Links to Azerbaijan," Western University, Book VII: Exploration Series, 2011, pp. 22–23.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGibbs2000" class="citation web cs1">Gibbs, Walter (19 December 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2000/12/19/science/did-the-vikings-stay-vatican-files-may-offer-clues.html">"Did the Vikings Stay? Vatican Files May Offer Clues"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 February</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Did+the+Vikings+Stay%3F+Vatican+Files+May+Offer+Clues&rft.date=2000-12-19&rft.aulast=Gibbs&rft.aufirst=Walter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2000%2F12%2F19%2Fscience%2Fdid-the-vikings-stay-vatican-files-may-offer-clues.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThor+Heyerdahl" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thor_Heyerdahl&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 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related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Thor_Heyerdahl" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Thor Heyerdahl">Thor Heyerdahl</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090913133203/http://www.hf.uib.no/i/Nordisk/MaalogMinne/artikler/heyerdahl-v1.pdf">Maal og minne 1, 2002</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (archived 13 September 2009) a scientific critique of his Odin project, in English</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.azer.com/aiweb/categories/magazine/73_folder/73_articles/73_thorheyerdahl.html">Thor Heyerdahl in Baku</a> Azerbaijan International, Vol. 7:3 (Autumn 1999), pp. 96–97.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.plu.edu/~ryandp/thor.html">Thor Heyerdahl Biography and Bibliography</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.greatdreams.com/thor.htm">Thor Heyerdahl expeditions</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.azer.com/aiweb/categories/magazine/ai111_folder/111_articles/111_heyerdahl_tigris.html">The 'Tigris' expedition, with Heyerdahl's war protest</a> Azerbaijan International, Vol. 11:1 (Spring 2003), pp. 20–21.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.azer.com/aiweb/categories/magazine/ai102_folder/102_articles/102_heyerdahl_storfjell.html">Bjornar Storfjell's account</a>: A reference to his last project <i><a href="/wiki/Jakten_p%C3%A5_Odin" title="Jakten på Odin">Jakten på Odin</a></i> Azerbaijan International, Vol. 10:2 (Summer 2002).</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20020602013044/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2002/04/0419_020419_wirethor.html">Biography on National Geographic</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061002210937/http://www.forskning.no/temaer/thor_heyerdahl">Forskning.no</a> Biography from the official Norwegian scientific webportal (in Norwegian)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.maldivesroyalfamily.com/maldives_romero_heyerdahl.shtml">Thor Heyerdahl on Maldives Royal Family website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070211045916/http://www.blueworldexplorer.co.uk/explorers/heyerdahl.htm">Biography of Thor Heyerdahl</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bradshawfoundation.com/thor">Sea Routes to Polynesia</a> Extracts from lectures by Thor Heyerdahl</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090130083513/http://www.heyerdahl-byen.no/">The home of Thor Heyerdahl</a> Useful information on Thor Heyerdahl and his hometown, Larvik</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/science-obituaries/1391410/Thor-Heyerdahl.html">Thor Heyerdahl</a> – Daily Telegraph obituary</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Heyerdahl%2C%20Thor%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Thor%20Heyerdahl%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Heyerdahl%2C%20Thor%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Thor%20Heyerdahl%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Heyerdahl%2C%20T%2E%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Thor%20Heyerdahl%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Heyerdahl%2C%20Thor%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Thor%20Heyerdahl%22%29%20OR%20%28%221914-2002%22%20AND%20Heyerdahl%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29">Works by or about Thor Heyerdahl</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Template:Thor_Heyerdahl" title="Template:Thor Heyerdahl"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Thor_Heyerdahl" title="Template talk:Thor Heyerdahl"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Thor_Heyerdahl" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Thor Heyerdahl"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Thor_Heyerdahl" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Thor Heyerdahl</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Projects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kon-Tiki" class="mw-redirect" title="Kon-Tiki">Kon-Tiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakten_p%C3%A5_Odin" title="Jakten på Odin">Jakten på Odin</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ThorHeyerdahl.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/ThorHeyerdahl.jpg/70px-ThorHeyerdahl.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/ThorHeyerdahl.jpg/105px-ThorHeyerdahl.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/ThorHeyerdahl.jpg/140px-ThorHeyerdahl.jpg 2x" data-file-width="346" data-file-height="501" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Books written</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Kon-Tiki_Expedition" title="The Kon-Tiki Expedition">The Kon-Tiki Expedition: By Raft Across the South Seas</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aku-Aku" title="Aku-Aku">Aku-Aku</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fatu_Hiva_(book)" title="Fatu Hiva (book)">Fatu Hiva</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films directed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Kon-Tiki_(1950_film)" title="Kon-Tiki (1950 film)">Kon-Tiki</a></i> (1950)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Galapagos_(film)" title="Galapagos (film)">Galapagos</a></i> (1955)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ra_(1972_film)" title="Ra (1972 film)">Ra</a></i> (1972)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heyerdahl_Award" title="Heyerdahl Award">Heyerdahl Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kon-Tiki_Museum" title="Kon-Tiki Museum">Kon-Tiki Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyramids_of_G%C3%BC%C3%ADmar" title="Pyramids of Güímar">Pyramids of Güímar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LI2B" class="mw-redirect" title="LI2B">LI2B</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kon-Tiki_(2012_film)" title="Kon-Tiki (2012 film)">Kon-Tiki</a></i> (2012)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="The_Kon-Tiki_Expedition_of_1947" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Kon-Tiki" title="Template:Kon-Tiki"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Kon-Tiki" title="Template talk:Kon-Tiki"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Kon-Tiki" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Kon-Tiki"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="The_Kon-Tiki_Expedition_of_1947" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">The <i><a href="/wiki/Kon-Tiki_expedition" title="Kon-Tiki expedition">Kon-Tiki</a></i> Expedition of 1947</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Crewmembers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Thor Heyerdahl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erik_Hesselberg" title="Erik Hesselberg">Erik Hesselberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengt_Danielsson" title="Bengt Danielsson">Bengt Danielsson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knut_Haugland" title="Knut Haugland">Knut Haugland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torstein_Raaby" title="Torstein Raaby">Torstein Raaby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herman_Watzinger" title="Herman Watzinger">Herman Watzinger</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Expedition_Kon-Tiki_1947._Across_the_Pacific._(8765728430).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Expedition_Kon-Tiki_1947._Across_the_Pacific._%288765728430%29.jpg/100px-Expedition_Kon-Tiki_1947._Across_the_Pacific._%288765728430%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Expedition_Kon-Tiki_1947._Across_the_Pacific._%288765728430%29.jpg/150px-Expedition_Kon-Tiki_1947._Across_the_Pacific._%288765728430%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Expedition_Kon-Tiki_1947._Across_the_Pacific._%288765728430%29.jpg/200px-Expedition_Kon-Tiki_1947._Across_the_Pacific._%288765728430%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2012" data-file-height="1437" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Documentation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kon-Tiki_(1950_film)" title="Kon-Tiki (1950 film)"><i>Kon-Tiki</i> (1950 film)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Kon-Tiki_Expedition:_By_Raft_Across_the_South_Seas" class="mw-redirect" title="The Kon-Tiki Expedition: By Raft Across the South Seas">The Kon-Tiki Expedition: By Raft Across the South Seas</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kon-Tiki_Museum" title="Kon-Tiki Museum">Kon-Tiki Museum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kon-Tiki_(2012_film)" title="Kon-Tiki (2012 film)"><i>Kon-Tiki</i> (2012 film)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ancient_seafaring" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ancient_seafaring" title="Template:Ancient seafaring"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ancient_seafaring" title="Template talk:Ancient seafaring"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ancient_seafaring" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ancient seafaring"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ancient_seafaring" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_seafaring" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient seafaring">Ancient seafaring</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="vertical-align:center; text-align:center;"><div id="Vessels" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_navies_and_vessels" title="Ancient navies and vessels">Vessels</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Watercraft" title="Watercraft">Types</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balangay" title="Balangay">Balangay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangka_(boat)" title="Bangka (boat)">Bangka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beden" title="Beden">Beden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coracle" title="Coracle">Coracle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhow" title="Dhow">Dhow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragon_boat" title="Dragon boat">Dragon boat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dugout_canoe" title="Dugout canoe">Dugout canoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_ship" title="Fire ship">Fire ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galley" title="Galley">Galley</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Penteconter" title="Penteconter">Penteconter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%27unlun_po" class="mw-redirect" title="K'unlun po">Kunlun ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liburna" title="Liburna">Liburna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longship" title="Longship">Longship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multihull" title="Multihull">Multihull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navis_lusoria" title="Navis lusoria">Navis lusoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obelisk_ship" title="Obelisk ship">Obelisk ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outrigger_boat" title="Outrigger boat">Outriggers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sakman" title="Sakman">Sakman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single-outrigger" class="mw-redirect" title="Single-outrigger">Single-outrigger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catamaran" title="Catamaran">Catamaran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trimaran" title="Trimaran">Trimaran</a></li></ul></li> <li>Polyremes <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bireme" title="Bireme">Bireme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenistic-era_warships" title="Hellenistic-era warships">Oared warships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trireme" title="Trireme">Trireme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quadrireme" class="mw-redirect" title="Quadrireme">Quadrireme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quinquereme" class="mw-redirect" title="Quinquereme">Quinquereme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hexareme" class="mw-redirect" title="Hexareme">Hexareme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tessarakonteres" title="Tessarakonteres">Tessarakonteres</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raft" title="Raft">Raft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reed_boat" title="Reed boat">Reed boat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_ship" title="Sailing ship">Sailing ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_royal_ships" title="Ancient Egyptian royal ships">Solar ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomol" title="Tomol">Tomol</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/T%C4%81kitimu" title="Tākitimu">Tākitimu</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uru_(boat)" title="Uru (boat)">Uru</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_navies_and_vessels" title="Ancient navies and vessels">by region</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austronesian_vessels#History" title="Austronesian vessels">Austronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_navy" title="Ancient Egyptian navy">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_navy" title="Achaemenid navy">Persia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ships_of_ancient_Rome" title="Ships of ancient Rome">Rome</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Propulsion</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paddling" title="Paddling">Paddling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing" title="Sailing">Sailing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Towpath" title="Towpath">Towing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poling_(watercraft)" class="mw-redirect" title="Poling (watercraft)">Poling </a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Components</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anchor" title="Anchor">Anchor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bow_(watercraft)" title="Bow (watercraft)">Bow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabin_(ship)" title="Cabin (ship)">Cabin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deck_(ship)" title="Deck (ship)">Deck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Figurehead_(object)" title="Figurehead (object)">Figurehead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hull_(watercraft)" title="Hull (watercraft)">Hull</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boat_building#Construction_materials_and_methods" title="Boat building">Planking</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keel" title="Keel">Keel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mast_(sailing)" title="Mast (sailing)">Mast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oar" title="Oar">Oar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paddle" title="Paddle">Paddle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rope" title="Rope">Rope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudder" title="Rudder">Rudder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudder#History_of_the_rudder" title="Rudder">Steering oar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sail" title="Sail">Sail</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sail_components" title="Sail components">Sail components</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stem_(ship)" title="Stem (ship)">Stem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sternpost" title="Sternpost">Sternpost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strake" title="Strake">Strake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nile_boat#Boat_design_/_steering" title="Nile boat">Tiller</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_shipbuilding_techniques" title="Ancient shipbuilding techniques">Construction</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boat_building" title="Boat building">Boat building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Careening" title="Careening">Careening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carvel_(boat_building)" title="Carvel (boat building)">Carvel built</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinker_(boat_building)" title="Clinker (boat building)">Clinker built</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortise_and_tenon" title="Mortise and tenon">Mortise and tenon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lashed-lug_boat" title="Lashed-lug boat">Lashed-lug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewn_boat" title="Sewn boat">Sewn-plank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shipbuilding" title="Shipbuilding">Shipbuilding</a></li> <li>By region: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_technology#Navigation_and_ship_building" title="Ancient Egyptian technology">Egypt</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rigging" title="Rigging">Rigging</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crab_claw_sail" title="Crab claw sail">Crab claw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fore-and-aft_rig" title="Fore-and-aft rig">Fore-and-aft</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lateen" title="Lateen">Lateen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Settee_(sail)" title="Settee (sail)">Settee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanja_sail" title="Tanja sail">Tanja</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Triangular_sail_rig&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Triangular sail rig (page does not exist)">Triangular sail</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junk_rig" title="Junk rig">Junk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mast-aft_rig" title="Mast-aft rig">Mast-aft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spritsail" title="Spritsail">Spritsail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Square_rig" title="Square rig">Square</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Armaments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ballista" title="Ballista">Ballista</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catapult" title="Catapult">Catapult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corvus_(boarding_device)" title="Corvus (boarding device)">Corvus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolphin_(weapon)" title="Dolphin (weapon)">Dolphin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_ship" title="Fire ship">Fire ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harpax" title="Harpax">Harpax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_ram" title="Naval ram">Ram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sambuca_(siege_engine)" title="Sambuca (siege engine)">Sambuca</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png/120px-Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png/180px-Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png/240px-Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="353" /></span></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="vertical-align:center; text-align:center;"><div id="Navigation,_and_ports_and_harbors" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Navigation, and ports and harbors</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Marine_navigation" title="Marine navigation">Navigation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celestial_navigation" title="Celestial navigation">Celestial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_cartography" title="History of cartography">Charts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portolan_chart" title="Portolan chart">Portolan chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rutter_(nautical)" title="Rutter (nautical)">Rutter (nautical)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coastal_navigation" class="mw-redirect" title="Coastal navigation">Coastal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lighthouses" class="mw-redirect" title="Lighthouses">Lighthouses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_navigation" title="History of navigation">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piloting" title="Piloting">Piloting</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pilot_boat" title="Pilot boat">Pilot boat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_pilot" title="Maritime pilot">Maritime pilot</a></li></ul></li> <li>By region: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inuit_navigation" title="Inuit navigation">Inuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micronesian_navigation" title="Micronesian navigation">Micronesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polynesian_navigation" title="Polynesian navigation">Polynesia</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Port#Historical_ports" title="Port">Ports</a> and<br />harbors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aden" title="Aden">Aden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adulis" title="Adulis">Adulis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandria" title="Alexandria">Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arikamedu" title="Arikamedu">Arikamedu</a> (Podouke)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arsinoe_(Gulf_of_Suez)" title="Arsinoe (Gulf of Suez)">Arsinoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avalites" title="Avalites">Avalites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbarikon" title="Barbarikon">Barbarikon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharuch" title="Bharuch">Barygaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basra" title="Basra">Basra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berenice_Troglodytica" title="Berenice Troglodytica">Berenice Troglodytica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canopus,_Egypt" title="Canopus, Egypt">Canopus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chittagong" title="Chittagong">Chittagong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essina" title="Essina">Essina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiaozhi" title="Jiaozhi">Giao Chỉ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godavaya" title="Godavaya">Godavaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_of_Guangzhou" title="Port of Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a> (Canton)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_of_Jambukola" title="Port of Jambukola">Jambukola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeddah" title="Jeddah">Jeddah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puhar,_Mayiladuthurai" title="Puhar, Mayiladuthurai">Kaveri Poompattinam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kedah" title="Kedah">Kedah</a> (Kadaram)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korkai" title="Korkai">Korkai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lothal#Dockyard" title="Lothal">Lothal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manthai" title="Manthai">Manthai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madurai" title="Madurai">Madurai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malao" title="Malao">Malao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mersa_Gawasis" title="Mersa Gawasis">Mersa Gawasis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myos_Hormos" title="Myos Hormos">Myos Hormos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mottama" title="Mottama">Martaban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chonburi_province" title="Chonburi province">Mueang Phra Rot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscat" title="Muscat">Muscat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muziris" title="Muziris">Muziris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%93c_Eo" title="Óc Eo">Óc Eo</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cattigara" title="Cattigara">Cattigara</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opone" title="Opone">Opone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostia_Antica" title="Ostia Antica">Ostia Antica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palembang" title="Palembang">Palembang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piraeus#Ancient_and_medieval_times" title="Piraeus">Piraeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prosphorion_Harbour" title="Prosphorion Harbour">Prosphorion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemais_Theron" title="Ptolemais Theron">Ptolemais Theron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qandala" title="Qandala">Qandala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kollam" title="Kollam">Quilon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhacotis" title="Rhacotis">Rhacotis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarapion" title="Sarapion">Sarapion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sathing_Phra_district" title="Sathing Phra district">Satingpra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidon" title="Sidon">Sidon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socotra" title="Socotra">Socotra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonargaon" title="Sonargaon">Sounagoura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trincomalee" title="Trincomalee">Trincomalee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulum" title="Tulum">Tulum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyndis" title="Tyndis">Tyndis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyre,_Lebanon" title="Tyre, Lebanon">Tyre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadi_al-Jarf" title="Wadi al-Jarf">Wadi al-Jarf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Zanzibar" title="History of Zanzibar">Zanzibar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png/120px-Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png/180px-Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png/240px-Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="353" /></span></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="vertical-align:center; text-align:center;"><div id="History" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_maritime_history" title="Ancient maritime history">History</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Maritime_prehistory" class="mw-redirect" title="Maritime prehistory">Prehistory</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_timeline#Prehistory" title="Maritime timeline">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Britain" title="Prehistoric Britain">Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oceania#Prehistory_of_Oceania" title="Oceania">Oceania</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Remote_Oceania" title="Remote Oceania">Remote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Near_Oceania" title="Near Oceania">Near</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubaid_period" title="Ubaid period">Ubaid period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indus_Valley_Civilisation" title="Indus Valley Civilisation">Indus Valley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Civilizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">Ancient Egypt</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="Old Kingdom of Egypt">Old Kingdom</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austronesian_peoples" title="Austronesian peoples">Austronesia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_jade_culture" title="Philippine jade culture">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sa_Hu%E1%BB%B3nh_culture" title="Sa Huỳnh culture">Sa Huỳnh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lapita_culture" title="Lapita culture">Lapita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micronesians" title="Micronesians">Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langkasuka" title="Langkasuka">Langkasuka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kedah" title="Kedah">Kedah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champa" title="Champa">Champa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kutai" title="Kutai">Kutai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarumanagara" title="Tarumanagara">Tarumanagara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalingga_kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalingga kingdom">Kalingga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srivijaya" title="Srivijaya">Srivijaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunda_Kingdom" title="Sunda Kingdom">Sunda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polynesians" title="Polynesians">Polynesia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minoan_Civilization" class="mw-redirect" title="Minoan Civilization">Minoan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indus_Valley_Civilisation" title="Indus Valley Civilisation">Indus Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamilakam" title="Tamilakam">Tamilakam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chola_dynasty" title="Chola dynasty">Chola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chera_dynasty" title="Chera dynasty">Chera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandya_dynasty" title="Pandya dynasty">Pandya</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_history_of_Somalia" title="Maritime history of Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_civilization" title="Maya civilization">Maya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuragic_civilization" title="Nuragic civilization">Nuragic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mycenaean_Greece" title="Mycenaean Greece">Mycenaean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenicia" title="Phoenicia">Phoenicia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olmecs" title="Olmecs">Olmecs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carthaginian_civilization" class="mw-redirect" title="Carthaginian civilization">Carthage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_city-states" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek city-states">Greece</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archaic_Greece" title="Archaic Greece">Archaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_Greece" title="Classical Greece">Classical</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire" title="Achaemenid Empire">Achaemenid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabataean_Kingdom" title="Nabataean Kingdom">Nabatea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Aksum" title="Kingdom of Aksum">Aksum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Rome</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_maritime_migration_and_exploration" title="Timeline of maritime migration and exploration">Migration and<br />exploration</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peopling_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Peopling of Australia">Peopling of Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peopling_of_Micronesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Peopling of Micronesia">Peopling of Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austronesian_peoples#Migration_from_Taiwan" title="Austronesian peoples">Austronesian Expansion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greeks_in_pre-Roman_Gaul" title="Greeks in pre-Roman Gaul">Greeks in pre-Roman Gaul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocean_exploration" title="Ocean exploration">Ocean exploration</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phoenician_maritime_expansion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phoenician maritime expansion (page does not exist)">Phoenician maritime expansion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phoenician%E2%80%93Punic_Sardinia" title="Phoenician–Punic Sardinia">Sardinia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necho_II#Phoenician_expedition" title="Necho II">Circumnavigation of Africa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pytheas#Voyage_to_Britain" title="Pytheas">Pytheas' voyage to Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gnaeus_Julius_Agricola" title="Gnaeus Julius Agricola">Roman circumnavigation of Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_maritime_migration_and_exploration" title="Timeline of maritime migration and exploration">Timeline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mariners and<br />explorers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henenu_(high_steward)" title="Henenu (high steward)">Henenu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euthymenes" title="Euthymenes">Euthymenes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanno_the_Navigator" title="Hanno the Navigator">Hanno the Navigator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himilco" title="Himilco">Himilco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sataspes" title="Sataspes">Sataspes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Androsthenes_of_Thasos" title="Androsthenes of Thasos">Androsthenes of Thasos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archias_of_Pella" title="Archias of Pella">Archias of Pella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nearchus" title="Nearchus">Nearchus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pytheas" title="Pytheas">Pytheas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megasthenes" title="Megasthenes">Megasthenes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xu_Fu" title="Xu Fu">Xu Fu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippalus" title="Hippalus">Hippalus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar">Julius Caesar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eudoxus_of_Cyzicus" title="Eudoxus of Cyzicus">Eudoxus of Cyzicus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maes_Titianus" title="Maes Titianus">Maes Titianus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Military</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_navies_and_vessels" title="Ancient navies and vessels">Navies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_navy" title="Ancient Egyptian navy">Egyptian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_navy" title="Achaemenid navy">Achaemenid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_warfare#Naval_tactics" title="Ancient Greek warfare">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_navy" title="Roman navy">Roman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_naval_battles" title="List of naval battles">Battles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Mediterranean:</b>   <a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Alashiya" title="Battles of Alashiya">Alashiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Delta" title="Battle of the Delta">Nile Delta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Salamis" title="Battle of Salamis">Salamis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Artemisium" title="Battle of Artemisium">Artemisium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Eurymedon" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Eurymedon">Eurymedon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Naupactus" title="Battle of Naupactus">Naupactus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Olpae" title="Battle of Olpae">Olpae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicilian_Expedition" title="Sicilian Expedition">Syracuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cynossema" title="Battle of Cynossema">Cynossema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Arginusae" title="Battle of Arginusae">Arginusae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mytilene_(406_BC)" title="Battle of Mytilene (406 BC)">Mytilene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hellespont" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Hellespont">Hellespont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Echinades_(322_BC)" title="Battle of the Echinades (322 BC)">Echinades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Salamis_(306_BC)" title="Battle of Salamis (306 BC)">Salamis II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mylae" title="Battle of Mylae">Mylae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cape_Hermaeum" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Cape Hermaeum">Cape Hermaeum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ecnomus" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Ecnomus">Ecnomus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Drepana" title="Battle of Drepana">Drepana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Aegates" title="Battle of the Aegates">Aegates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lake_Trasimene" title="Battle of Lake Trasimene">Lake Trasimene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chios_(201_BC)" title="Battle of Chios (201 BC)">Chios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Myonessus" title="Battle of Myonessus">Myonessus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Nile" title="Battle of the Nile">Nile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Naulochus" title="Battle of Naulochus">Naulochus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mycale" title="Battle of Mycale">Mycale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Actium" title="Battle of Actium">Actium</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tactics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Naval_boarding" title="Naval boarding">Boarding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grappling_hook" title="Grappling hook">Grappling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incendiary_device" title="Incendiary device">Incendiaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oared_vessel_tactics" title="Oared vessel tactics">Oared vessels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_ship_tactics" title="Sailing ship tactics">Sailing ships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_warfare#Naval_tactics" title="Ancient Greek warfare">Greek navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramming" title="Ramming">Ramming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By region</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_maritime_history" title="Indian maritime history">India</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_history_of_Odisha" title="Maritime history of Odisha">Odisha</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_history_of_Japan" title="Naval history of Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ships_of_ancient_Rome" title="Ships of ancient Rome">Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maritime_history_of_South_America&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maritime history of South America (page does not exist)">South America</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Columbian_rafts" title="Pre-Columbian rafts">Rafts</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png/120px-Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png/180px-Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png/240px-Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="353" /></span></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="vertical-align:center; text-align:center;"><div id="Economy_and_trade" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Economy and <a href="/wiki/Trade#Ancient_history" title="Trade">trade</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_whaling" title="History of whaling">Whaling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_fishing" title="History of fishing">Fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_trade" title="Ancient Egyptian trade">Egypt</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Land_of_Punt" title="Land of Punt">Land of Punt</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo%E2%80%93Mesopotamia_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo–Mesopotamia relations">Indo–Mesopotamia relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meluhha" title="Meluhha">Meluhha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_jade_culture" title="Philippine jade culture">Maritime Jade Route</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tin_sources_and_trade_in_ancient_times#Trade" class="mw-redirect" title="Tin sources and trade in ancient times">Tin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spice_trade" title="Spice trade">Spice trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Southeast_Asia#Early_historical_era" title="History of Southeast Asia">Austronesian network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sa_Huynh-Kalanay_Interaction_Sphere" class="mw-redirect" title="Sa Huynh-Kalanay Interaction Sphere">Sa Huynh-Kalanay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incense_trade_route" title="Incense trade route">Incense trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_Silk_Road" title="Maritime Silk Road">Maritime Silk Road</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Periplus_of_the_Erythraean_Sea" title="Periplus of the Erythraean Sea">Periplus of the Erythraean Sea</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_trade_in_the_Maya_civilization" title="Maritime trade in the Maya civilization">Maya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_ancient_Greece#Trade" title="Economy of ancient Greece">Greece</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece%E2%80%93Ancient_India_relations#Trade" title="Ancient Greece–Ancient India relations">Greco–Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_shipping" title="Greek shipping">shipping</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_commerce#Sea_routes" title="Roman commerce">Rome</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Roman_trade_relations" title="Indo-Roman trade relations">Indo–Roman</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png/120px-Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png/180px-Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png/240px-Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="353" /></span></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="vertical-align:center; text-align:center;"><div id="Piracy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Piracy</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Piracy#History" title="Piracy">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Mediterranean_piracy" title="Ancient Mediterranean piracy">Mediterranean piracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ameinias_the_Phocian" title="Ameinias the Phocian">Ameinias the Phocian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cilician_pirates" title="Cilician pirates">Cilician pirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_pirates#Piracy_in_the_ancient_world:_pirates_of_Joppa" title="Jewish pirates">Jewish pirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_life_and_career_of_Julius_Caesar#Kidnapping_by_pirates" title="Early life and career of Julius Caesar">Kidnapping of Julius Caesar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pompey%27s_campaign_against_the_pirates" title="Pompey's campaign against the pirates">Pompey's campaign against the pirates</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png/120px-Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png/180px-Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png/240px-Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="353" /></span></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="vertical-align:center; text-align:center;"><div id="Research_and_education" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Research and education</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Scholars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historians</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/David_Blackman" title="David Blackman">David Blackman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lionel_Casson" title="Lionel Casson">Lionel Casson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fik_Meijer" title="Fik Meijer">Fik Meijer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sinclair_Morrison" title="John Sinclair Morrison">John Sinclair Morrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ledyard_Rodgers" title="William Ledyard Rodgers">William L. Rodgers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chester_G._Starr" title="Chester G. Starr">Chester G. Starr</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Archaeologists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Bass_(archaeologist)" title="George Bass (archaeologist)">George Bass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Yves_Empereur" title="Jean-Yves Empereur">Jean-Yves Empereur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boris_Rankov" title="Boris Rankov">Boris Rankov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Richard_Steffy" title="J. Richard Steffy">J. Richard Steffy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Throckmorton" title="Peter Throckmorton">Peter Throckmorton</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shelley_Wachsmann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shelley Wachsmann (page does not exist)">Shelley Wachsmann</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics<br />and theories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coastal_defence_and_fortification" title="Coastal defence and fortification">Coastal defence and fortification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grave_goods" title="Grave goods">Grave goods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lighthouse" title="Lighthouse">Lighthouses</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lighthouse_of_Alexandria" title="Lighthouse of Alexandria">Alexandria</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_art" title="Marine art">Marine art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_navigation" title="Marine navigation">Marine navigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_archaeology" title="Maritime archaeology">Maritime archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_warfare#Mediterranean_Sea" title="Naval warfare">Naval warfare</a></li> <li>Maritime temples <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Isthmia" title="Temple of Isthmia">Temple of Isthmia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Poseidon,_Sounion" title="Temple of Poseidon, Sounion">Temple of Poseidon, Sounion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samothrace_temple_complex" title="Samothrace temple complex">Samothrace temple complex</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nusantao_Maritime_Trading_and_Communication_Network" title="Nusantao Maritime Trading and Communication Network">Nusantao network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theory_of_Phoenician_discovery_of_the_Americas" title="Theory of Phoenician discovery of the Americas">Phoenician discovery of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Columbian_transoceanic_contact_theories" title="Pre-Columbian transoceanic contact theories">Pre-Columbian theories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_Peoples" title="Sea Peoples">Sea Peoples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shipbuilding" title="Shipbuilding">Shipbuilding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midden#Shells" title="Midden">Shell middens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ship_burial" title="Ship burial">Ship burial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tacking_(sailing)" title="Tacking (sailing)">Tacking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thalassocracy" title="Thalassocracy">Thalassocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_archaeology" title="Underwater archaeology">Underwater archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_exploration" title="Underwater exploration">Underwater exploration</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Archaeology_of_shipwrecks" title="Archaeology of shipwrecks">Wrecks<br />and relics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_before_Anno_Domini" title="List of shipwrecks before Anno Domini">Earliest</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pesse_canoe" title="Pesse canoe">Pesse canoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dufuna_canoe" title="Dufuna canoe">Dufuna canoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abydos_boats" title="Abydos boats">Abydos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moor_Sand_site" title="Moor Sand site">Moor Sand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dokos_shipwreck" title="Dokos shipwreck">Dokos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khufu_ship" title="Khufu ship">Khufu ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dover_Bronze_Age_Boat" title="Dover Bronze Age Boat">Dover Bronze Age Boat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uluburun_shipwreck" title="Uluburun shipwreck">Uluburun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canaanite_shipwreck" title="Canaanite shipwreck">Canaanite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Gelidonya#Bronze_Age_shipwreck" title="Cape Gelidonya">Cape Gelidonya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wreck_of_Rochelongue" title="Wreck of Rochelongue">Rochelongue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hjortspring_boat" title="Hjortspring boat">Hjortspring</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austronesian_peoples" title="Austronesian peoples">Austronesia</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pontian_boat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pontian boat (page does not exist)">Pontian boat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balangay#Butuan_boats" title="Balangay">Butuan boats</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Black_Sea_shipwrecks" title="Ancient Black Sea shipwrecks">Black Sea‎</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sinop_D" title="Sinop D">Sinop D</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marsala_Punic_shipwreck" title="Marsala Punic shipwreck">Marsala</a></li> <li>Greek: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashkelon_shipwrecks" title="Ashkelon shipwrecks">Ashkelon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrenia_ship" class="mw-redirect" title="Kyrenia ship">Kyrenia</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Leontophoros" title="Leontophoros">Leontophoros</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Syracusia" title="Syracusia">Syracusia</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>Phoenician: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gozo_Phoenician_shipwreck" title="Gozo Phoenician shipwreck">Gozo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bajo_de_la_Campana_Phoenician_shipwreck" title="Bajo de la Campana Phoenician shipwreck">Bajo de la Campana</a></li></ul></li> <li>Punic: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marsala_Punic_shipwreck" title="Marsala Punic shipwreck">Marsala Punic shipwreck</a></li></ul></li> <li>Roman: <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Alkedo" title="Alkedo">Alkedo</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arles_Rh%C3%B4ne_3" title="Arles Rhône 3">Arles Rhône 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackfriars_shipwrecks" title="Blackfriars shipwrecks">Blackfriars I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caligula%27s_Giant_Ship" title="Caligula's Giant Ship">Caligula's Giant Ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Ships_of_De_Meern" title="The Ships of De Meern">De Meern ships</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Isis_(ship)" title="Isis (ship)">Isis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Madrague_de_Giens_(shipwreck)" title="Madrague de Giens (shipwreck)">Madrague de Giens</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemi_ships" title="Nemi ships">Nemi ships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_ship_of_Marausa" title="Roman ship of Marausa">Marausa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yassi_Ada" title="Yassi Ada">Yassi Ada</a></li></ul></li> <li>Lists: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_oldest_surviving_ships" title="List of oldest surviving ships">Oldest surviving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_museum_ships" title="List of museum ships">Museum ships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_surviving_ancient_ships" title="List of surviving ancient ships">Surviving ancient ships</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/H3_(Kuwait)" title="H3 (Kuwait)">H3</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Experimental<br />archaeology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Heyerdahl expeditions</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Kon-Tiki_expedition" title="Kon-Tiki expedition">Kon-Tiki</a></i></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Boats_Ra_and_Ra_II"><i>Ra</i> and <i>Ra II</i></a></li></ul></li> <li>Austronesian replicas <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/H%C5%8Dk%C5%ABle%CA%BBa" title="Hōkūleʻa">Hōkūleʻa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sarimanok_(vinta)" title="Sarimanok (vinta)">Sarimanok</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Te_Au_o_Tonga" title="Te Au o Tonga">Te Au o Tonga</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hawai%CA%BBiloa#Canoe" title="Hawaiʻiloa">Hawaiʻiloa canoe</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Samudra_Raksa" title="Samudra Raksa">Samudra Raksa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alingano_Maisu" title="Alingano Maisu">Alingano Maisu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sakman" title="Sakman">Saina</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balangay#Balangay_Voyage" title="Balangay">Balangay Voyage</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fa%CA%BBafaite" title="Faʻafaite">Faʻafaite</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gaualofa" title="Gaualofa">Gaualofa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Marumaru_Atua" title="Marumaru Atua">Marumaru Atua</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>Mediterranean <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Olympias_(trireme)" title="Olympias (trireme)">Olympias</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Navis_lusoria#Other_reconstructions" title="Navis lusoria">Regina</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenician_Ship_Expedition" title="Phoenician Ship Expedition">Phoenician Ship Expedition</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viking_ship_replica" title="Viking ship replica">Viking replicas</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Viking_(replica_Viking_longship)" title="Viking (replica Viking longship)">Viking</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>Others <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vital_Alsar_Pacific_raft_expeditions" title="Vital Alsar Pacific raft expeditions">Vital Alsar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivlia_(ship)" title="Ivlia (ship)"><i>Ivlia</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abora_(expeditions)" title="Abora (expeditions)">Abora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viracocha_expedition" title="Viracocha expedition">Viracocha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangaroa_Expedition" title="Tangaroa Expedition">Tangaroa</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Institutes and <br />conferences</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advisory_Council_on_Underwater_Archaeology" title="Advisory Council on Underwater Archaeology">Advisory Council on Underwater Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archaeological_Institute_of_America" title="Archaeological Institute of America">Archaeological Institute of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Association_of_Archaeologists" title="European Association of Archaeologists">European Association of Archaeologists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Nautical_Archaeology" title="Institute of Nautical Archaeology">Institute of Nautical Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Congress_of_Maritime_Museums" title="International Congress of Maritime Museums">International Congress of Maritime Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nautical_Archaeology_Society" title="Nautical Archaeology Society">Nautical Archaeology Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RPM_Nautical_Foundation" title="RPM Nautical Foundation">RPM Nautical Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_Research_Society" title="Sea Research Society">Sea Research Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_for_American_Archaeology" title="Society for American Archaeology">Society for American Archaeology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Museums and<br />memorials</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bodrum_Castle#Museum_of_Underwater_Archaeology" title="Bodrum Castle">Bodrum Museum of Underwater Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giza_Solar_boat_museum" title="Giza Solar boat museum">Giza Solar boat museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Egyptian_Museum" title="Grand Egyptian Museum">Grand Egyptian Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrenia_Castle#Shipwreck_museum" title="Kyrenia Castle">Ancient Shipwreck Museum at Kyrenia Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Ancient_Seafaring" title="Museum of Ancient Seafaring">Museum of Ancient Seafaring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Ancient_Ships,_Pisa" title="Museum of Ancient Ships, Pisa">Museum of Ancient Ships, Pisa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Subaquatic_Archaeology" title="National Museum of Subaquatic Archaeology">National Museum of Subaquatic Archaeology</a></li> <li>Viking ship museums: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Viking_Ship_Museum_(Oslo)" title="Viking Ship Museum (Oslo)">Oslo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viking_Ship_Museum_(Roskilde)" title="Viking Ship Museum (Roskilde)">Roskilde</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png/120px-Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png/180px-Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png/240px-Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="353" /></span></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="vertical-align:center; text-align:center;"><div id="Legend_and_literature" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Legend and literature</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Legend" title="Legend">Legend</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ark_of_bulrushes" title="Ark of bulrushes">Ark of bulrushes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_flood_myths" title="List of flood myths">Flood myths</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Genesis_flood_narrative" title="Genesis flood narrative">Genesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilgamesh_flood_myth" title="Gilgamesh flood myth">Gilgamesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_flood_myths" title="Ancient Greek flood myths">Greek</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Literature" title="Literature">Literature</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Odyssey" title="Odyssey">Odyssey</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Histories_(Herodotus)" title="Histories (Herodotus)"><i>The Histories</i> (Herodotus)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/On_the_Ocean_(Pytheas)" class="mw-redirect" title="On the Ocean (Pytheas)">On the Ocean</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Argonautica" title="Argonautica">Argonautica</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Histories_(Polybius)" title="The Histories (Polybius)"><i>The Histories</i> (Polybius)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Metamorphoses" title="Metamorphoses">Metamorphoses</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Geography_(Ptolemy)" title="Geography (Ptolemy)">Geography</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aeneid" title="Aeneid">Aeneid</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png/120px-Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png/180px-Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png/240px-Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="353" /></span></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px 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href="https://isni.org/isni/000000012103745X">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/108635306">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/31966/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJyxjyKqxQ7fkqMFvg8Hmd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/115514864">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79022279">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external 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href="https://libris.kb.se/khwz1jx33mjxt10">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810552823505606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007305160505171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058518588206706">Catalonia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14381093">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA00924553?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1093036">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd115514864.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/115514864">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/029994748">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6j48tvb">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thor_Heyerdahl&oldid=1258100503">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thor_Heyerdahl&oldid=1258100503</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Thor_Heyerdahl" title="Category:Thor Heyerdahl">Thor Heyerdahl</a></li><li><a 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