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id="toc-2011_presidential_campaign-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Presidency" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Presidency"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Presidency </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Presidency-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Presidency subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Presidency-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-First_term_(2011–2018)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_term_(2011–2018)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 First term (2011–2018) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_term_(2011–2018)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_term_(2018–present)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_term_(2018–present)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Second term (2018–present) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_term_(2018–present)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Council_of_State" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Council_of_State"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Council of State </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Council_of_State-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Council of State subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Council_of_State-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Presidential_appointees" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Presidential_appointees"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Presidential appointees </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Presidential_appointees-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Writing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Writing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Writing </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Writing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_work" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_work"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Other work </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_work-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Honours_and_awards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Honours_and_awards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Honours and awards </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Honours_and_awards-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Honours and awards subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Honours_and_awards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Foreign_honours" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_honours"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Foreign honours </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_honours-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Michael D. Higgins</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 81 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-81" aria-hidden="true" > 81 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_D._Higgins" title="Michael D. Higgins – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Michael D. Higgins" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%84_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%84_%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%B2" title="مايكل دانييل هيجينز – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مايكل دانييل هيجينز" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_D._Higgins" title="Michael D. Higgins – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Michael D. Higgins" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maykl_Deniyel_Hiqqins" title="Maykl Deniyel Hiqqins – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Maykl Deniyel Hiqqins" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%BB_%D0%A5%D1%96%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%81" title="Майкл Хігінс – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Майкл Хігінс" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%BB_%D0%93%D1%96%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B7" title="Майкл Гігінз – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Майкл Гігінз" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA%D1%8A%D0%BB_%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81" title="Майкъл Хигинс – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Майкъл Хигинс" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_D._Higgins" title="Michael D. Higgins – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Michael D. Higgins" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_D._Higgins" title="Michael D. Higgins – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Michael D. Higgins" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_D._Higgins" title="Michael D. Higgins – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Michael D. Higgins" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_D._Higgins" title="Michael D. Higgins – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Michael D. Higgins" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_D._Higgins" title="Michael D. Higgins – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Michael D. Higgins" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_D._Higgins" title="Michael D. Higgins – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Michael D. Higgins" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_D._Higgins" title="Michael D. Higgins – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Michael D. Higgins" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_D._Higgins" title="Michael D. Higgins – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Michael D. Higgins" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%AC%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%BB_%CE%9D%CF%84._%CE%A7%CE%AF%CE%B3%CE%BA%CE%B9%CE%BD%CF%82" title="Μάικλ Ντ. Χίγκινς – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μάικλ Ντ. Χίγκινς" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_D._Higgins" title="Michael D. Higgins – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Michael D. Higgins" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_D._Higgins" title="Michael D. Higgins – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Michael D. Higgins" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_D._Higgins" title="Michael D. Higgins – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Michael D. Higgins" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%84_%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D9%87%DB%8C%DA%AF%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B2" title="مایکل دی هیگینز – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مایکل دی هیگینز" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_D._Higgins" title="Michael D. Higgins – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Michael D. Higgins" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_D._Higgins" title="Michael D. Higgins – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Michael D. Higgins" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Higgins" title="Michael Higgins – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Michael Higgins" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%ADche%C3%A1l_D._%C3%93_hUig%C3%ADnn" title="Mícheál D. Ó hUigínn – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Mícheál D. Ó hUigínn" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_D._Higgins" title="Michael D. Higgins – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Michael D. Higgins" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miche%C3%A1l_D._%C3%93_hUig%C3%ADnn" title="Micheál D. Ó hUigínn – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Micheál D. Ó hUigínn" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_D._Higgins" title="Michael D. Higgins – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Michael D. Higgins" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%88%EC%9D%B4%ED%81%B4_D._%ED%9E%88%EA%B8%B4%EC%8A%A4" title="마이클 D. 히긴스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="마이클 D. 히긴스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%B5%D6%84%D5%AC_%D5%80%D5%AB%D5%A3%D5%A3%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%BD" title="Մայքլ Հիգգինս – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մայքլ Հիգգինս" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%80._%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8" title="माइकल डी. हिगिंस – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="माइकल डी. हिगिंस" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_D._Higgins" title="Michael D. Higgins – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Michael D. Higgins" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Daniel_Higgins" title="Michael Daniel Higgins – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Michael Daniel Higgins" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_D._Higgins" title="Michael D. Higgins – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Michael D. Higgins" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_D._Higgins" title="Michael D. Higgins – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Michael D. Higgins" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_D._Higgins" title="Michael D. Higgins – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Michael D. Higgins" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_D._Higgins" title="Michael D. Higgins – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Michael D. Higgins" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%99%D7%92%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%A1" title="מייקל היגינס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מייקל היגינס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%9A_%E1%83%B0%E1%83%98%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="მაიკლ ჰიგინსი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მაიკლ ჰიგინსი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_D._Higgins" title="Michael D. Higgins – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Michael D. Higgins" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Higgins" title="Michael Higgins – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Michael Higgins" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maikls_Higinss" title="Maikls Higinss – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Maikls Higinss" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_D._Higgins" title="Michael D. Higgins – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Michael D. Higgins" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_D._Higgins" title="Michael D. Higgins – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Michael D. Higgins" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Higgins" title="Michael Higgins – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Michael Higgins" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_D._Higgins" title="Michael D. Higgins – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Michael D. Higgins" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="मायकेल हिगिन्स – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मायकेल हिगिन्स" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%84_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%84_%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%B2" title="مايكل دانييل هيجينز – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مايكل دانييل هيجينز" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_D._Higgins" title="Michael D. Higgins – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Michael D. Higgins" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_D._Higgins" title="Michael D. Higgins – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Michael D. Higgins" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target">Minangkabau</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_D._Higgins" title="Michael D. Higgins – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Michael D. Higgins" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%82%A4%E3%82%B1%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BBD%E3%83%BB%E3%83%92%E3%82%AE%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BA" title="マイケル・D・ヒギンズ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マイケル・D・ヒギンズ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_D._Higgins" title="Michael D. Higgins – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Michael D. Higgins" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_D._Higgins" title="Michael D. Higgins – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Michael D. Higgins" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target">Novial</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_D._Higgins" title="Michael D. Higgins – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Michael D. Higgins" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pangcah</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%84_%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D9%87%DB%8C%DA%AB%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B2" title="مایکل دی هیګینز – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="مایکل دی هیګینز" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_D._Higgins" title="Michael D. Higgins – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Michael D. Higgins" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Higgins" title="Michael Higgins – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Michael Higgins" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_D._Higgins" title="Michael D. Higgins – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Michael D. Higgins" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81,_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%BB" title="Хиггинс, Майкл – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Хиггинс, Майкл" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_D._Higgins" title="Michael D. Higgins – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Michael D. Higgins" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sakizaya</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_D._Higgins" title="Michael D. Higgins – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Michael D. Higgins" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_D._Higgins" title="Michael D. Higgins – Taroko" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Michael D. Higgins" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="Taroko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seediq</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_D._Higgins" title="Michael D. Higgins – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Michael D. Higgins" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%84_%DA%8A%D9%8A_%DA%BE%DA%AF%D9%86%D8%B3" title="ميخائيل ڊي ھگنس – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ميخائيل ڊي ھگنس" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_D._Higgins" title="Michael D. Higgins – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Michael D. Higgins" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%BA%D0%BB_%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81" title="Мајкл Хигинс – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Мајкл Хигинс" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_D._Higgins" title="Michael D. Higgins – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Michael D. Higgins" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_D._Higgins" title="Michael D. Higgins – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Michael D. Higgins" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_D._Higgins" title="Michael D. Higgins – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Michael D. Higgins" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%B9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D" title="மைக்கல் டேனியல் ஹிக்கின்ஸ் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மைக்கல் டேனியல் ஹிக்கின்ஸ்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_D._Higgins" title="Michael D. Higgins – Atayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Michael D. Higgins" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Atayal" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tayal</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5_%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5._%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C" title="ไมเคิล ดี. ฮิกกินส์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ไมเคิล ดี. ฮิกกินส์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%BB_%D2%B2%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81" title="Майкл Ҳиггинс – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Майкл Ҳиггинс" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_D._Higgins" title="Michael D. Higgins – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Michael D. Higgins" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%BB_%D0%93%D1%96%D2%91%D2%91%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%81" title="Майкл Гіґґінс – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Майкл Гіґґінс" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_D._Higgins" title="Michael D. Higgins – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Michael D. Higgins" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BA%A6%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E5%B8%8C%E9%87%91%E6%96%AF" title="麦克·希金斯 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="麦克·希金斯" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_D._Higgins" title="Michael D. Higgins – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Michael D. Higgins" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E4%BE%AF%C2%B7%E5%A5%A7%E5%B8%8C%E5%A0%85" title="米侯·奧希堅 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="米侯·奧希堅" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BA%A5%E5%8F%AF%C2%B7D%C2%B7%E5%B8%8C%E9%87%91%E6%96%AF" title="麥可·D·希金斯 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="麥可·D·希金斯" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_D._Higgins" title="Michael D. Higgins – Iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Michael D. Higgins" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Iban" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jaku Iban</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q57276#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Michael_D._Higgins" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c">Article</a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Michael_D._Higgins" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >English </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Michael_D._Higgins">Read</a></li><li id="ca-viewsource" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_D._Higgins&action=edit" title="This page is protected.
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/></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">President of Ireland since 2011</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other people named Michael Higgins, see <a href="/wiki/Michael_Higgins_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Michael Higgins (disambiguation)">Michael Higgins (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Excellency" title="Excellency">His Excellency</a></div><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Michael D. Higgins</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:2022_Michael_D._Higgins_(51988246304)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/2022_Michael_D._Higgins_%2851988246304%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-2022_Michael_D._Higgins_%2851988246304%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="310" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/2022_Michael_D._Higgins_%2851988246304%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-2022_Michael_D._Higgins_%2851988246304%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/2022_Michael_D._Higgins_%2851988246304%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-2022_Michael_D._Higgins_%2851988246304%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="547" data-file-height="771" /></a><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Higgins in 2022</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">9th <a href="/wiki/President_of_Ireland" title="President of Ireland">President of Ireland</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><div class="skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="width:100%; margin:0; color: black; background-color: lavender"><a href="/wiki/Incumbent" title="Incumbent">Incumbent</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">Assumed office 11 November 2011</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Taoiseach</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enda_Kenny" title="Enda Kenny">Enda Kenny</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Varadkar" title="Leo Varadkar">Leo Varadkar</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Miche%C3%A1l_Martin" title="Micheál Martin">Micheál Martin</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Harris" title="Simon Harris">Simon Harris</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mary_McAleese" title="Mary McAleese">Mary McAleese</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Children,_Equality,_Disability,_Integration_and_Youth" title="Minister for Children, Equality, Disability, Integration and Youth">Minister for Arts, Culture and the Gaeltacht</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 15 December 1994 – 26 June 1997</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Taoiseach</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Bruton" title="John Bruton">John Bruton</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bertie_Ahern" title="Bertie Ahern">Bertie Ahern</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%ADle_de_Valera" title="Síle de Valera">Síle de Valera</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 12 January 1993 – 17 November 1994</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Taoiseach</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Albert_Reynolds" title="Albert Reynolds">Albert Reynolds</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Wilson_(Irish_politician)" title="John Wilson (Irish politician)">John Wilson</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data">Bertie Ahern</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Galway" title="Mayor of Galway">Mayor of Galway</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 21 July 1990 – 3 May 1991</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Angela_Lynch-Lupton" class="mw-redirect" title="Angela Lynch-Lupton">Angela Lynch-Lupton</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Leahy_(politician)" title="Michael Leahy (politician)">Michael Leahy</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 12 December 1981 – 29 November 1982</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Claude_Toft" title="Claude Toft">Claude Toft</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pat_McNamara_(Irish_politician)" title="Pat McNamara (Irish politician)">Pat McNamara</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Teachta_D%C3%A1la" title="Teachta Dála">Teachta Dála</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office <a href="/wiki/1987_Irish_general_election" title="1987 Irish general election">February 1987</a> – <a href="/wiki/2011_Irish_general_election" title="2011 Irish general election">February 2011</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Constituency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Galway_West_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)" title="Galway West (Dáil constituency)">Galway West</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office <a href="/wiki/1981_Irish_general_election" title="1981 Irish general election">June 1981</a> – <a href="/wiki/November_1982_Irish_general_election" title="November 1982 Irish general election">November 1982</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Constituency</th><td class="infobox-data">Galway West</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Seanad_%C3%89ireann" title="Seanad Éireann">Senator</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 23 February 1983 – 3 April 1987</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Constituency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/National_University_of_Ireland_(constituency)" title="National University of Ireland (constituency)">National University</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 1 June 1973 – 26 May 1977</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Constituency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nominated_members_of_Seanad_%C3%89ireann" title="Nominated members of Seanad Éireann">Nominated by the Taoiseach</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Michael Daniel Higgins</div> (1941-04-18) 18 April 1941 (age 83) <a href="/wiki/Limerick" title="Limerick">Limerick</a>, Ireland</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> (since 2011)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other political affiliations</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Fianna Fáil">Fianna Fáil</a> (before 1968)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(Ireland)" title="Labour Party (Ireland)">Labour</a> (1968–2011)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Sabina_Higgins" title="Sabina Higgins">Sabina Coyne</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1974)</div><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">4, including <a href="/wiki/Alice-Mary_Higgins" title="Alice-Mary Higgins">Alice-Mary</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Residence</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/%C3%81ras_an_Uachtar%C3%A1in" title="Áras an Uachtaráin">Áras an Uachtaráin</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Galway" title="University of Galway">University College Galway</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Indiana_University_Bloomington" title="Indiana University Bloomington">Indiana University</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_University_of_Manchester" title="Victoria University of Manchester">University of Manchester</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://president.ie">Official website</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> Michael Daniel Higgins (<a href="/wiki/Irish_language" title="Irish language">Irish</a>: Mícheál Dónal Ó hUigínn; born 18 April 1941) is an Irish politician, poet, broadcaster, and <a href="/wiki/Sociology" title="Sociology">sociologist</a> who has been serving as the ninth <a href="/wiki/President_of_Ireland" title="President of Ireland">president of Ireland</a> since 2011.<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> Entering national politics through the <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(Ireland)" title="Labour Party (Ireland)">Labour Party</a>, he served as a <a href="/wiki/Seanad_%C3%89ireann" title="Seanad Éireann">senator</a> from 1973 to 1977 having been <a href="/wiki/Nominated_members_of_Seanad_%C3%89ireann" title="Nominated members of Seanad Éireann">nominated</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Taoiseach" title="Taoiseach">Taoiseach</a>.<a href="#cite_note-oireachtas_db-3">[3]</a> Elected in 1981 as a <a href="/wiki/Teachta_D%C3%A1la" title="Teachta Dála">Teachta Dála</a> (TD), he represented the <a href="/wiki/Galway_West_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)" title="Galway West (Dáil constituency)">Galway West</a> constituency from 1981 to 1982 and 1987 to 2011.<a href="#cite_note-oireachtas_db-3">[3]</a> Between these terms, he returned to <a href="/wiki/Seanad_%C3%89ireann" title="Seanad Éireann">Seanad Éireann</a> from 1983 to 1987 as a senator for the <a href="/wiki/National_University_of_Ireland_(constituency)" title="National University of Ireland (constituency)">National University</a>.<a href="#cite_note-oireachtas_db-3">[3]</a> He served as <a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Children,_Equality,_Disability,_Integration_and_Youth" title="Minister for Children, Equality, Disability, Integration and Youth">minister for arts, culture and the Gaeltacht</a> from 1993 to 1997 and <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Galway" title="Mayor of Galway">mayor of Galway</a> from 1981 to 1982 and 1990 to 1991. Higgins was the president of the Labour Party from 2003 to 2011, until he resigned following his <a href="/wiki/2011_Irish_presidential_election" title="2011 Irish presidential election">election</a> as president of Ireland.<a href="#cite_note-ExP-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> Higgins has used his time in office as president to address issues concerning <a href="/wiki/Justice" title="Justice">justice</a>, <a href="/wiki/Social_equality" title="Social equality">social equality</a>, <a href="/wiki/Social_inclusion" class="mw-redirect" title="Social inclusion">social inclusion</a>, anti-<a href="/wiki/Sectarianism" title="Sectarianism">sectarianism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anti-racism" title="Anti-racism">anti-racism</a>, and reconciliation. He made the <a href="/wiki/State_visit_of_the_President_of_Ireland_to_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="State visit of the President of Ireland to the United Kingdom">first state visit</a> by an Irish president to the United Kingdom in April 2014. Higgins ran for a second term as president of Ireland in <a href="/wiki/2018_Irish_presidential_election" title="2018 Irish presidential election">2018</a> and was re-elected in a <a href="/wiki/Landslide_victory" title="Landslide victory">landslide victory</a>. Higgins attained the largest personal mandate in the <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="History of the Republic of Ireland">history of the Republic of Ireland</a>, with 822,566 <a href="/wiki/First-preference_votes" class="mw-redirect" title="First-preference votes">first-preference votes</a>. Higgins's second <a href="/wiki/Irish_presidential_inauguration" title="Irish presidential inauguration">presidential inauguration</a> took place on 11 November 2018. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2></div> Higgins was born on 18 April 1941 in <a href="/wiki/Limerick" title="Limerick">Limerick</a>. His father, John Higgins, was from Ballycar, <a href="/wiki/County_Clare" title="County Clare">County Clare</a>, and was a lieutenant with the Charleville Company, 3rd Battalion, 2nd Cork Brigade of the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Republican_Army" title="Irish Republican Army">Irish Republican Army</a>. John, along with his two brothers Peter and Michael, had been active participants in the <a href="/wiki/Irish_War_of_Independence" title="Irish War of Independence">Irish War of Independence</a>.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> When John's father's health grew poor, with alcohol abuse as a contributing factor, John sent Michael, aged five, and his four-year-old brother to live on his unmarried uncle and aunt's farm near <a href="/wiki/Newmarket-on-Fergus" title="Newmarket-on-Fergus">Newmarket-on-Fergus</a>, County Clare. His elder twin sisters remained in Limerick.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> He was educated at Ballycar National School, County Clare and <a href="/wiki/St._Flannan%27s_College" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Flannan's College">St. Flannan's College</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ennis" title="Ennis">Ennis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> As an undergraduate at <a href="/wiki/University_of_Galway" title="University of Galway">University College Galway</a> (UCG), he served as vice-auditor of the college's <a href="/wiki/Literary_and_Debating_Society_(University_of_Galway)" title="Literary and Debating Society (University of Galway)">Literary and Debating Society</a> in 1963–64, and rose to the position of auditor in the 1964–65 academic year. He also served as president of <a href="/wiki/University_of_Galway_Students%27_Union" title="University of Galway Students' Union">UCG Students' Union</a> in 1964–65. In 1967, Higgins graduated from the American <a href="/wiki/Indiana_University_Bloomington" title="Indiana University Bloomington">Indiana University Bloomington</a> with a Master of Arts degree in sociology.<a href="#cite_note-INDIANAPRESS-10">[10]</a> He also briefly attended the <a href="/wiki/Victoria_University_of_Manchester" title="Victoria University of Manchester">University of Manchester</a>.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> In his academic career, Higgins was a statutory lecturer in the Department of Political Science and Sociology at UCG<a href="#cite_note-:0-12">[12]</a> and was a visiting professor at <a href="/wiki/Southern_Illinois_University_Carbondale" title="Southern Illinois University Carbondale">Southern Illinois University</a>.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> He resigned his academic posts to concentrate fully on his political career.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> Higgins is a fluent <a href="/wiki/Irish_language" title="Irish language">Irish language</a> speaker<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> and also speaks Spanish.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family_life">Family life</h2></div> His wife, <a href="/wiki/Sabina_Higgins" title="Sabina Higgins">Sabina Higgins</a> (née Coyne), is an actress and a native of Cloonrane,<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> a <a href="/wiki/Townland" title="Townland">townland</a> in County Galway<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> near <a href="/wiki/Ballindine" title="Ballindine">Ballindine</a>, County Mayo. She grew up on a farm there in a family of five girls and two boys.<a href="#cite_note-vincent43663-21">[21]</a> Higgins met Coyne in 1969, at a party in the family home of journalist <a href="/wiki/Mary_Kenny" title="Mary Kenny">Mary Kenny</a> in Dublin.<a href="#cite_note-vincent43663-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-new_lady_of_the_aras-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> Higgins proposed over Christmas 1973, and they married on 8 July 1974 at <a href="/wiki/R111_road_(Ireland)" title="R111 road (Ireland)">Haddington Road</a> Church in Dublin. They celebrated 50 years of marriage in 2024.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> They have four children: <a href="/wiki/Alice-Mary_Higgins" title="Alice-Mary Higgins">Alice-Mary</a>, Daniel, and twins, John and Michael Jr.; Alice-Mary was elected to <a href="/wiki/Seanad_%C3%89ireann" title="Seanad Éireann">Seanad Éireann</a> in 2016.<a href="#cite_note-new_lady_of_the_aras-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-ITstand-25">[25]</a> He has a <a href="/wiki/Bernese_Mountain_Dog" title="Bernese Mountain Dog">Bernese Mountain Dog</a> named Misneach (Courage).<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> He previously had two Bernese dogs named Síoda and Bród, who died in 2020 and 2023 respectively.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_career_(1973–2011)">Political career (1973–2011)</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Seanad_and_Dáil_Éireann">Seanad and Dáil Éireann</h3></div> Higgins originally joined <a href="/wiki/Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Fianna Fáil">Fianna Fáil</a> in UCG while a <a href="/wiki/Adult_learner" title="Adult learner">mature student</a> and was elected its branch chairman in 1966; he switched to the Labour Party shortly thereafter.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> He was a Labour candidate in the <a href="/wiki/1969_Irish_general_election" title="1969 Irish general election">1969</a> and <a href="/wiki/1973_Irish_general_election" title="1973 Irish general election">1973</a> general elections but was unsuccessful on both occasions.<a href="#cite_note-elecs_irl-31">[31]</a> One of the people who canvassed for him was future leader of the <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(Ireland)" title="Labour Party (Ireland)">Labour Party</a> and <a href="/wiki/T%C3%A1naiste" title="Tánaiste">Tánaiste</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eamon_Gilmore" title="Eamon Gilmore">Eamon Gilmore</a>, who was then a UCG student. Higgins was appointed to the <a href="/wiki/13th_Seanad" title="13th Seanad">13th Seanad</a> in 1973 by <a href="/wiki/Taoiseach" title="Taoiseach">Taoiseach</a> <a href="/wiki/Liam_Cosgrave" title="Liam Cosgrave">Liam Cosgrave</a>. He was first elected to <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1il_%C3%89ireann" title="Dáil Éireann">Dáil Éireann</a> at the <a href="/wiki/1981_Irish_general_election" title="1981 Irish general election">1981 general election</a> as a Labour Party <a href="/wiki/Teachta_D%C3%A1la" title="Teachta Dála">TD</a>.<a href="#cite_note-oireachtas_db-3">[3]</a> He was re-elected at the <a href="/wiki/February_1982_Irish_general_election" title="February 1982 Irish general election">February 1982 election</a>; he lost his seat at the <a href="/wiki/November_1982_Irish_general_election" title="November 1982 Irish general election">November 1982 election</a> (blaming his loss in part on his opposition to the <a href="/wiki/Eighth_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_Ireland" title="Eighth Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland">Eighth Amendment</a>),<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> but returned to the Seanad when he was elected by the <a href="/wiki/National_University_of_Ireland_(constituency)" title="National University of Ireland (constituency)">National University</a> constituency. He served as <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Galway" title="Mayor of Galway">Mayor of Galway</a> on two occasions, 1982–1983 and 1991–1992. Within the Labour Party during the 1980s he was one of the main figures, along with <a href="/wiki/Emmet_Stagg" title="Emmet Stagg">Emmet Stagg</a>, who opposed going into coalition.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Higgins returned to the Dáil at the <a href="/wiki/1987_Irish_general_election" title="1987 Irish general election">1987 general election</a> and held his seat until the <a href="/wiki/2011_Irish_general_election" title="2011 Irish general election">2011 general election</a>.<a href="#cite_note-elecs_irl-31">[31]</a> In 1993, he joined the cabinet as <a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Children,_Equality,_Disability,_Integration_and_Youth" title="Minister for Children, Equality, Disability, Integration and Youth">Minister for Arts, Culture and the Gaeltacht</a>. During his period as minister he scrapped <a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland#The_Troubles:_RTÉ_and_Section_31_of_the_Broadcasting_Authority_Act" title="Censorship in the Republic of Ireland">Section 31 of the Broadcasting Act</a>, re-established the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Film_Board" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish Film Board">Irish Film Board</a> and set up the Irish language television station, Teilifís na Gaeilge (later renamed <a href="/wiki/TG4" title="TG4">TG4</a>).<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> He was appointed to the Labour Party front bench in 2000. In 2003, Higgins succeeded <a href="/wiki/Proinsias_De_Rossa" title="Proinsias De Rossa">Proinsias De Rossa</a> in the symbolic position of the president of the Labour Party, while continuing as the party's spokesman on foreign affairs.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Higgins indicated his interest in contesting the <a href="/wiki/2004_Irish_presidential_election" title="2004 Irish presidential election">2004 presidential election</a> for the Labour Party. The party decided on 16 September 2004 against running a candidate in the election, seeing <a href="/wiki/Mary_McAleese" title="Mary McAleese">Mary McAleese</a> as unbeatable.<a href="#cite_note-:0-12">[12]</a> In October 2010, he announced he would not be standing at the <a href="/wiki/2011_Irish_general_election" title="2011 Irish general election">2011 general election</a>.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> He had until this point been living in a two-bed apartment at Grattan Hall on Mount Street, Dublin. He also has a family home in <a href="/wiki/Galway" title="Galway">Galway</a>.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2011_presidential_campaign">2011 presidential campaign</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2011_Irish_presidential_election" title="2011 Irish presidential election">2011 Irish presidential election</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Michael_D_Higgins,_Ivana_Bacik_campaigning_2011.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Michael_D_Higgins%2C_Ivana_Bacik_campaigning_2011.jpg/330px-Michael_D_Higgins%2C_Ivana_Bacik_campaigning_2011.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Michael_D_Higgins%2C_Ivana_Bacik_campaigning_2011.jpg/500px-Michael_D_Higgins%2C_Ivana_Bacik_campaigning_2011.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Michael_D_Higgins%2C_Ivana_Bacik_campaigning_2011.jpg/960px-Michael_D_Higgins%2C_Ivana_Bacik_campaigning_2011.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5616" data-file-height="3147" /></a><figcaption>Higgins and <a href="/wiki/Ivana_Bacik" title="Ivana Bacik">Ivana Bacik</a> campaigning during the 2011 presidential race</figcaption></figure> In September 2010, Higgins indicated that he was interested in receiving the Labour Party's nomination for the <a href="/wiki/2011_Irish_presidential_election" title="2011 Irish presidential election">2011 presidential election</a>.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> He said prior to and during the election campaign that he would serve only one seven-year term as president, and not seeking a second term of office if elected.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> He was selected as a candidate for the presidency at a convention in Dublin on 19 June 2011, beating former senator <a href="/wiki/Kathleen_O%27Meara_(politician)" title="Kathleen O'Meara (politician)">Kathleen O'Meara</a> and former party adviser <a href="/wiki/Fergus_Finlay" title="Fergus Finlay">Fergus Finlay</a>.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> His candidacy was endorsed by Hollywood actor <a href="/wiki/Martin_Sheen" title="Martin Sheen">Martin Sheen</a>, who described Higgins as a "dear friend".<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> Higgins assisted his rival <a href="/wiki/David_Norris_(politician)" title="David Norris (politician)">David Norris</a> by urging his party colleagues on <a href="/wiki/Dublin_City_Council" title="Dublin City Council">Dublin City Council</a> "in the interests of democracy" not to obstruct Norris's attempts to get onto the ballot at the last moment, adding that the nomination criteria were "outdated".<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> Higgins was confronted by former Tara mines workers while canvassing in <a href="/wiki/County_Meath" title="County Meath">County Meath</a>. The workers were upset about their pensions being cut.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> Higgins was also pursued by his past links to Fianna Fáil, and admitted on 13 October that he had been elected chairman of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Galway" title="University of Galway">UCG</a> Fianna Fáil university <a href="/wiki/Cumann" title="Cumann">cumann</a> in 1966.<a href="#cite_note-Higgins_Smoked_Dope_Inhaled-45">[45]</a> He admitted that he had smoked <a href="/wiki/Marijuana" class="mw-redirect" title="Marijuana">marijuana</a> while at university in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-Higgins_Smoked_Dope_Inhaled-45">[45]</a> However, media reports said he was "spared the intense grilling <a href="/wiki/Miriam_O%27Callaghan_(media_personality)" class="mw-redirect" title="Miriam O'Callaghan (media personality)">Miriam O'Callaghan</a> meted out to some of the others" during the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Time_(Irish_TV_programme)" title="Prime Time (Irish TV programme)">Prime Time</a> debate.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> Higgins promised he would be a neutral president if elected and not be a "handmaiden" to the government.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> The Labour Party's budget for the campaign was within €320,000.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> On 29 October 2011, two days after the presidential election was held, Higgins was declared the winner with a total of 1,007,104 votes, far more than any Irish politician in the history of the republic.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> Thousands of people lined the streets of Galway to welcome him home the following day.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> International media coverage of his win reported his humble background, poetry and intellect,<a href="#cite_note-AP-54">[54]</a> with <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a> noting "local satirists sometimes depict him as an elf, hobbit or leprechaun talking in riddles and verse".<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> He is the first president of Ireland to have served in both <a href="/wiki/Houses_of_the_Oireachtas" class="mw-redirect" title="Houses of the Oireachtas">Houses of the Oireachtas</a>, having previously been a member of <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1il_%C3%89ireann" title="Dáil Éireann">Dáil Éireann</a> and <a href="/wiki/Seanad_%C3%89ireann" title="Seanad Éireann">Seanad Éireann</a>.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> Before his inauguration, Higgins and his family met his predecessor <a href="/wiki/Mary_McAleese" title="Mary McAleese">Mary McAleese</a> and her husband <a href="/wiki/Martin_McAleese" title="Martin McAleese">Martin</a> for lunch at <a href="/wiki/%C3%81ras_an_Uachtar%C3%A1in" title="Áras an Uachtaráin">Áras an Uachtaráin</a> on 3 November.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> That night, he presented an award to <a href="/wiki/Niall_T%C3%B3ib%C3%ADn" title="Niall Tóibín">Niall Tóibín</a>, and received his own standing ovation as he entered the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Film_Institute" title="Irish Film Institute">Irish Film Institute</a>.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> On 5 November, he attended an important football game, featuring <a href="/wiki/Galway_United_F.C." title="Galway United F.C.">Galway United</a> versus <a href="/wiki/Monaghan_United_F.C." title="Monaghan United F.C.">Monaghan United</a> in the second leg in the League of Ireland promotion/relegation play-off at <a href="/wiki/Terryland_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Terryland Park">Terryland Park</a>, wrapped in the scarf of his favourite team, and being greeted by a large banner hanging from a stand declaring "Welcome home to Galway, Mr President".<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Presidency">Presidency</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_term_(2011–2018)">First term (2011–2018)</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nicola_Sturgeon_meets_Irish_President_Michael_D._Higgins.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Nicola_Sturgeon_meets_Irish_President_Michael_D._Higgins.jpg/220px-Nicola_Sturgeon_meets_Irish_President_Michael_D._Higgins.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Nicola_Sturgeon_meets_Irish_President_Michael_D._Higgins.jpg/330px-Nicola_Sturgeon_meets_Irish_President_Michael_D._Higgins.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Nicola_Sturgeon_meets_Irish_President_Michael_D._Higgins.jpg/440px-Nicola_Sturgeon_meets_Irish_President_Michael_D._Higgins.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4140" data-file-height="3535" /></a><figcaption>Higgins meets with <a href="/wiki/First_Minister_of_Scotland" title="First Minister of Scotland">First Minister of Scotland</a> <a href="/wiki/Nicola_Sturgeon" title="Nicola Sturgeon">Nicola Sturgeon</a>, June 2016</figcaption></figure> Higgins was inaugurated as president of Ireland at <a href="/wiki/Dublin_Castle" title="Dublin Castle">Dublin Castle</a> on 11 November 2011.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> The ceremony had a <a href="/wiki/Humanism" title="Humanism">humanist</a> element, alongside Christian, Jewish and Muslim ones.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> He receives an annual salary of €250,000,<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> having requested during his first term that the <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Public_Expenditure,_National_Development_Plan_Delivery_and_Reform" title="Department of Public Expenditure, National Development Plan Delivery and Reform">Department of Public Expenditure and Reform</a> reduce his salary by 23.5% from €325,000.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> Higgins travelled to <a href="/wiki/Derry" title="Derry">Derry</a> to attend the final of the All-Ireland School Choir of the Year competition on 13 November 2011 for his first official presidential engagement in Northern Ireland.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> In December 2011, he hosted a children's tea party at Áras an Uachtaráin.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> He attended the <a href="/wiki/Bon_Secours_Hospital,_Galway" title="Bon Secours Hospital, Galway">Bon Secours Hospital</a> in Galway on 13 December for surgery on the kneecap that was broken in a fall during a visit to <a href="/wiki/Buenaventura,_Valle_del_Cauca" title="Buenaventura, Valle del Cauca">Buenaventura</a>, Colombia in 2010.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> Higgins made his first official trip abroad when he went to London on 21 February 2012.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> While there he was given a tour of the <a href="/wiki/Olympic_Stadium_(London)" class="mw-redirect" title="Olympic Stadium (London)">Olympic Stadium</a> by <a href="/wiki/Sebastian_Coe" title="Sebastian Coe">Sebastian Coe</a>, and attended a production of <a href="/wiki/Juno_and_the_Paycock" title="Juno and the Paycock">Juno and the Paycock</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Lyttelton_Theatre" class="mw-redirect" title="Lyttelton Theatre">Lyttelton Theatre</a>.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> He made his first official visit to his alma mater NUI Galway on 24 February, where he opened an autism centre.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> On 21 March 2012, Higgins was announced as sole patron of the <a href="/wiki/RT%C3%89_National_Symphony_Orchestra" class="mw-redirect" title="RTÉ National Symphony Orchestra">RTÉ National Symphony Orchestra</a>.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> Addressing a conference organised by youth organisation Foróige on 24 March 2012, Higgins described <a href="/wiki/Homophobia" title="Homophobia">homophobia</a> and racism in Ireland as a "blight on society".<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> In January 2012, Higgins agreed to become the patron of <a href="/wiki/Clans_of_Ireland" title="Clans of Ireland">Clans of Ireland</a>, including its Order of Merit. On the president's behalf, <a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Transport_(Ireland)" title="Minister for Transport (Ireland)">Minister for Transport, Tourism and Sport</a> <a href="/wiki/Leo_Varadkar" title="Leo Varadkar">Leo Varadkar</a>, awarded "Companionship" in this <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Clans_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of Clans of Ireland">Order of Clans of Ireland</a> to several nominees at a ceremony in the <a href="/wiki/Mansion_House,_Dublin" title="Mansion House, Dublin">Mansion House, Dublin</a> on 28 April 2012.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> On 11 May 2012, he became the 28th Freeman of Galway.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> In June 2012, nonprofit housing organisation <a href="/wiki/Habitat_for_Humanity_Ireland" title="Habitat for Humanity Ireland">Habitat for Humanity Ireland</a> announced that Higgins would be their sole Patron.<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> In October 2012, Higgins and his wife Sabina went to South America for a two-week trip, visiting Argentina, Brazil and Chile.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> Higgins rushed home from a visit to <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, Italy, to sign the Irish Bank Resolution Corporation Bill 2013 into law at Áras an Uachtaráin early on 7 February 2013, on the urgent request of the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Ireland" title="Government of Ireland">Government of Ireland</a>.<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> On 29 July 2013, he convened a meeting of the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_State_(Ireland)" title="Council of State (Ireland)">Council of State</a>, the first of his presidency, to consult on the <a href="/wiki/Protection_of_Life_During_Pregnancy_Act_2013" title="Protection of Life During Pregnancy Act 2013">Protection of Life During Pregnancy Bill 2013</a>.<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a><a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Higgins_Receives_Order_of_Clans_of_Ireland.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/President_Higgins_Receives_Order_of_Clans_of_Ireland.jpg/250px-President_Higgins_Receives_Order_of_Clans_of_Ireland.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/President_Higgins_Receives_Order_of_Clans_of_Ireland.jpg/330px-President_Higgins_Receives_Order_of_Clans_of_Ireland.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/President_Higgins_Receives_Order_of_Clans_of_Ireland.jpg/500px-President_Higgins_Receives_Order_of_Clans_of_Ireland.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2200" data-file-height="1760" /></a><figcaption>Higgins received the Order of Clans of Ireland in April 2012. Also pictured are Sabina Higgins (left) and Dr. Michael J. Egan, Chairman of Clans of Ireland (right)</figcaption></figure> Special advisor to the president, Mary van Lieshout, who formed part of the management team in Áras an Uachtaráin under <a href="/wiki/Secretary-General_to_the_President_(Ireland)" title="Secretary-General to the President (Ireland)">Secretary General</a> Adrian O'Neill, resigned in November 2013. The departure raised criticism over presidential management of the team.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> The presidential Christmas messages delivered by Higgins from 2011 to 2013 did not mention Christianity or religion, which was criticised by the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Defence_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish Defence Forces">Defence Forces</a>' <a href="/wiki/Military_chaplain" title="Military chaplain">chaplain</a> in a homily on Christmas Eve 2013.<a href="#cite_note-ind29889058-87">[87]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Irish_Defence_Forces_Chief_of_Staff" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish Defence Forces Chief of Staff">Chief of Staff</a> expressed regret for any offence caused by the chaplain.<a href="#cite_note-ind29889058-87">[87]</a> In April 2014, Higgins paid the <a href="/wiki/President_Michael_D._Higgins%27_state_visit_to_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="President Michael D. Higgins' state visit to the United Kingdom">first state visit to the United Kingdom by an Irish president</a>. He stayed as a guest of Queen <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II</a> at <a href="/wiki/Windsor_Castle" title="Windsor Castle">Windsor Castle</a> and <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Address_by_President_Higgins_to_the_Houses_of_Parliament,_Westminster" class="extiw" title="s:Address by President Higgins to the Houses of Parliament, Westminster">addressed both Houses of Parliament</a>.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> He also met various people, including British prime minister <a href="/wiki/David_Cameron" title="David Cameron">David Cameron</a><a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> and opposition party leaders at Westminster, and the <a href="/wiki/Lord_mayor_of_London" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord mayor of London">lord mayor of London</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alan_Yarrow" title="Alan Yarrow">Alan Yarrow</a>. In December 2014, Higgins made a week-long state visit to China.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> In November 2016, Higgins received criticism from some sections of the Irish media for praising <a href="/wiki/Fidel_Castro" title="Fidel Castro">Fidel Castro</a>, saying in a statement that he learned of <a href="/wiki/Death_and_state_funeral_of_Fidel_Castro" title="Death and state funeral of Fidel Castro">Castro's death</a> with "great sadness".<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> On 25 August 2018, Higgins received <a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis" title="Pope Francis">Pope Francis</a> at Áras an Uachtaráin during the Pope's <a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis%27s_visit_to_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Pope Francis's visit to Ireland">visit to Ireland</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_term_(2018–present)">Second term (2018–present)</h3></div> On 10 July 2018, Higgins announced that he would stand for a second term as president in the <a href="/wiki/2018_Irish_presidential_election" title="2018 Irish presidential election">2018 Irish presidential election</a>,<a href="#cite_note-RTE_20180710-92">[92]</a> despite having previously stated during the campaign for his first term that he would not. Higgins won the 2018 presidential election with 56% of the vote on the first count (822,566).<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> His nearest rival, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Casey" title="Peter Casey">Peter Casey</a>, finished on 23% (342,727).<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> On 11 November 2018, Higgins was inaugurated as president of Ireland in St. Patrick's Hall, <a href="/wiki/Dublin_Castle" title="Dublin Castle">Dublin Castle</a>, in a ceremony attended by <a href="/wiki/Taoiseach" title="Taoiseach">Taoiseach</a> <a href="/wiki/Leo_Varadkar" title="Leo Varadkar">Leo Varadkar</a>, and former presidents <a href="/wiki/Mary_Robinson" title="Mary Robinson">Mary Robinson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mary_McAleese" title="Mary McAleese">Mary McAleese</a>, as well as representatives of all political parties. The ceremony was held in the evening so that Higgins could attend <a href="/wiki/Armistice_Day" title="Armistice Day">Armistice Day</a> commemorations in the morning.<a href="#cite_note-RTE_20180711-95">[95]</a> On 3 July 2019, Higgins began a three-day state visit to Germany. While visiting Germany, Higgins met with <a href="/wiki/German_Chancellor" class="mw-redirect" title="German Chancellor">German chancellor</a> <a href="/wiki/Angela_Merkel" title="Angela Merkel">Angela Merkel</a> and <a href="/wiki/President_of_Germany" title="President of Germany">President of Germany</a> <a href="/wiki/Frank-Walter_Steinmeier" title="Frank-Walter Steinmeier">Frank-Walter Steinmeier</a>.<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> In July 2021, Higgins sent a letter to the <a href="/wiki/Oireachtas" title="Oireachtas">Oireachtas</a> expressing concern that there had been a tendency in recent years for him to be sent a large volume of complex legislation to be signed quickly.<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Joe_Biden_stands_with_President_Michael_Higgins_of_Ireland.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/President_Joe_Biden_stands_with_President_Michael_Higgins_of_Ireland.jpg/220px-President_Joe_Biden_stands_with_President_Michael_Higgins_of_Ireland.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/President_Joe_Biden_stands_with_President_Michael_Higgins_of_Ireland.jpg/330px-President_Joe_Biden_stands_with_President_Michael_Higgins_of_Ireland.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/President_Joe_Biden_stands_with_President_Michael_Higgins_of_Ireland.jpg/440px-President_Joe_Biden_stands_with_President_Michael_Higgins_of_Ireland.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2800" data-file-height="1867" /></a><figcaption>Higgins meets with U.S. President <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> and rings the Peace Bell, April 2023.</figcaption></figure> On 15 September 2021, Higgins declined an invitation to attend a church service with Britain's <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Queen Elizabeth</a> in October to mark Northern Ireland's centenary.<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> Two days later on 17 September, Higgins defended his decision not to attend the service and decided it would be "inappropriate to attend".<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> <a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis" title="Pope Francis">Pope Francis</a> described Higgins as a "wise man of today" during an audience in the Vatican.<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> On 15 June 2022, Higgins described housing in Ireland as "our great, great failure," saying, "It isn't a crisis anymore — it is a disaster."<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> On 19 September 2022, Higgins was among 500 presidents, prime ministers, foreign royal family members and dignitaries who attended the <a href="/wiki/Death_and_state_funeral_of_Elizabeth_II" title="Death and state funeral of Elizabeth II">state funeral of Queen Elizabeth II</a>.<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> On 24 January 2023, Higgins began a five-day state visit to Senegal, his first time in Africa since 2014. While visiting Senegal, Higgins met with Senegalese president <a href="/wiki/Macky_Sall" title="Macky Sall">Macky Sall</a>.<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> On 13 April, Higgins received U.S. President <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> at Áras an Uachtaráin during his <a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Joe_Biden_(2023)#April" title="List of presidential trips made by Joe Biden (2023)">four-day visit to the island of Ireland</a>.<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Buckingham_Palace_reception_(52873232406).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Buckingham_Palace_reception_%2852873232406%29.jpg/220px-Buckingham_Palace_reception_%2852873232406%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Buckingham_Palace_reception_%2852873232406%29.jpg/330px-Buckingham_Palace_reception_%2852873232406%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Buckingham_Palace_reception_%2852873232406%29.jpg/440px-Buckingham_Palace_reception_%2852873232406%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5505" data-file-height="3670" /></a><figcaption>Higgins and his wife, <a href="/wiki/Sabina_Higgins" title="Sabina Higgins">Sabina</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles III</a>, at a reception in <a href="/wiki/Buckingham_Palace" title="Buckingham Palace">Buckingham Palace</a>, May 2023.</figcaption></figure> On 28 April, Higgins made a speech from Áras an Uachtaráin in which he criticised economists for being "obsessed" with economic growth and consumption and for promoting "<a href="/wiki/Neoliberalism" title="Neoliberalism">neoliberalism</a>". The same speech urged economists to be more environmentally conscious and to imagine a greener future.<a href="#cite_note-IT_28_April_2023-105">[105]</a> The speech was criticised by Irish economists,<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a><a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> who responded by arguing that Higgins's criticisms were outdated by several decades and that the study of economics in 2023 pivoted long ago to be highly environmentally conscious, something Higgins would be aware of if he interacted with economists more.<a href="#cite_note-IT_30_April_2023-108">[108]</a> Labour senator <a href="/wiki/Marie_Sherlock" title="Marie Sherlock">Marie Sherlock</a> defended Higgins's commentary<a href="#cite_note-IT_30_April_2023-108">[108]</a> while the Minister for Public Expenditure <a href="/wiki/Paschal_Donohoe" title="Paschal Donohoe">Paschal Donohoe</a> stated he welcomed the debate brought about by Higgins's comments.<a href="#cite_note-IT_30_April_2023-108">[108]</a><a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> On 6 May, Higgins was at the <a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_Charles_III_and_Camilla" title="Coronation of Charles III and Camilla">Coronation of Charles III and Camilla</a>, marking the first time that a President of Ireland had attended the coronation of a British monarch.<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> On 29 February 2024, Higgins was taken to hospital as a precaution after complaining of feeling unwell.<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> On 24 April, Higgins confirmed he had suffered a <a href="/wiki/Mild_stroke" class="mw-redirect" title="Mild stroke">mild stroke</a>.<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> On 20 December 2024, Higgins delivered his final Christmas Message as President of Ireland, in which he called against worldwide conflict and the ensuing human rights violations, praised the Irish communities worldwide, wished well all new citizens welcomed to the country and thanked the people of Ireland for their support over his two terms as President.<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> On 27 January 2025, Higgins was accused by multiple Israeli Ministers and former Israeli Ambassador to Ireland <a href="/wiki/Dana_Erlich" title="Dana Erlich">Dana Erlich</a> of "politicalising" a <a href="/wiki/Holocaust" class="mw-redirect" title="Holocaust">Holocaust</a> Memorial Day Commemoration in Dublin to commemorate 80 years since the liberation of <a href="/wiki/Auschwitz" class="mw-redirect" title="Auschwitz">Auschwitz</a>. One protester was removed and others left the event during Higgins's speech, when he said "Those in Israel who mourn their loved ones, those who have been waiting for the release of hostages, or the thousands searching for relatives in the rubble in Gaza will welcome the long-overdue ceasefire for which there has been such a heavy price paid."<a href="#cite_note-RTE250127-114">[114]</a> Tom O'Dowd, the chairperson of Holocaust Education Ireland (who organise the commemoration), said "It turned out to be a very small protest. It didn't stop the President in his stride. And I think it is worth pointing out that the President has spent a lifetime fighting for civil and human rights, and I don't think he would object to people objecting either." This was the seventh occasion on which Higgins had been invited to speak at the annual commemoration.<a href="#cite_note-RTE250127-114">[114]</a><a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Council_of_State">Council of State</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Council_of_State_(Ireland)" title="Council of State (Ireland)">Council of State (Ireland)</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Presidential_appointees">Presidential appointees</h3></div> Higgins appointed his Council of State nominees on 6 January 2012 for this first term as president.<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a><a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> The nominees were: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Farrell_(activist)" title="Michael Farrell (activist)">Michael Farrell</a> – solicitor with Free Legal Advice Centres</li> <li>Deirdre Heenan – Provost and Dean of Academic Development at the University of Ulster</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_McGuinness" title="Catherine McGuinness">Catherine McGuinness</a> – former Senator, member of the Council of State, and former Supreme Court judge</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruair%C3%AD_McKiernan" title="Ruairí McKiernan">Ruairí McKiernan</a> – community activist and social entrepreneur</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sally_Mulready" title="Sally Mulready">Sally Mulready</a> – London-resident campaigner for the rights of survivors of Irish institutions and local councillor in the <a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Hackney" title="London Borough of Hackney">London Borough of Hackney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gear%C3%B3id_%C3%93_Tuathaigh" title="Gearóid Ó Tuathaigh">Gearóid Ó Tuathaigh</a> – Professor emeritus in history at the National University of Ireland, Galway.</li> <li>Gerard Quinn – Director of the Centre for Disability Law and Policy at the NUI Galway School of Law</li></ul> Higgins's nominees for his second term of office are:<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> <ul><li>Cara Augustenborg – a fellow in environmental policy at <a href="/wiki/University_College_Dublin" title="University College Dublin">University College Dublin</a><a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sin%C3%A9ad_Burke" title="Sinéad Burke">Sinéad Burke</a> – writer, academic and disability activist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindy_Joyce" title="Sindy Joyce">Sindy Joyce</a> – Irish Traveller human rights activist</li> <li>Maurice Malone – chief executive of the Birmingham Irish Association.<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a></li> <li>Johnston McMaster – a Methodist minister and assistant professor at <a href="/wiki/Trinity_College_Dublin" title="Trinity College Dublin">Trinity College Dublin</a><a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a></li> <li>Mary Murphy – senior lecturer at <a href="/wiki/Maynooth_University" title="Maynooth University">Maynooth University</a><a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a></li> <li>Seán Ó Cuirreáin – former radio producer and Irish language commissioner<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Writing">Writing</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MD_Higgins_poem.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/MD_Higgins_poem.jpg/220px-MD_Higgins_poem.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/MD_Higgins_poem.jpg/330px-MD_Higgins_poem.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/MD_Higgins_poem.jpg/440px-MD_Higgins_poem.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="3240" /></a><figcaption>A piece of Higgins's poetry on a plaque in <a href="/wiki/Cahir" title="Cahir">Cahir</a></figcaption></figure> As well as having a successful political career Higgins has had a career as a poet and broadcaster and has produced works of non-fiction.<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a><a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> He has contributed widely to political and philosophical journals on numerous subjects, among them ideology, the sociology of literature, clientelism in politics,<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> regionalism and the politics of the media. He wrote and presented a television film on Montserrat, entitled The Other Emerald Isle for <a href="/wiki/Channel_4" title="Channel 4">Channel 4</a> and his documentary on the life of <a href="/wiki/Noel_Browne" class="mw-redirect" title="Noel Browne">Noel Browne</a>, for <a href="/wiki/RT%C3%89" title="RTÉ">RTÉ</a>, has also been screened.<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> Higgins has had poems published in a number of periodicals, as well as publishing four collections of his poetry, including The Betrayal (1990), his second book of poems The Season of Fire (1993) and his latest book An Arid Season (2004).<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a> His personal notes and work books reside at the <a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Ireland" title="National Library of Ireland">National Library of Ireland</a>.<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a> Among Higgins's poems are "The death of the Red Cow" and "The <a href="/wiki/Donkey" title="Donkey">Ass</a>", an ode to a donkey.<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a> Higgins wrote for <a href="/wiki/Hot_Press" title="Hot Press">Hot Press</a> from 1983 to 1983 contributing with a forthnightly column. His writing tackled global issues like apartheid, US foreign policy, and Irish referendums on divorce and abortion, while celebrating arts and culture. <a href="#cite_note-Hot_Press-132">[132]</a> A selections of these works were re-published in 2024 book Power to the People: The Hot Press Years.<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> Poetry <ul><li>The Betrayal (Salmon, Galway, 1990) <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/094833939X" title="Special:BookSources/094833939X">094833939X</a><a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a></li> <li>The Season of Fire (Brandon, Dingle, 1993) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0863221645" title="Special:BookSources/0863221645">0863221645</a><a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a></li> <li>An Arid Season (2004)</li> <li>New and Selected Poems (Liberties Press, Dublin, 2011)<a href="#cite_note-poetry_international-136">[136]</a></li> <li>The Prophets are Weeping (M.D.H. 2014)<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a></li></ul> Non-fiction <ul><li>Causes for Concern (Liberties Press, Dublin, 2007)<a href="#cite_note-poetry_international-136">[136]</a></li> <li>Renewing the Republic (Liberties Press, Dublin, 2011)<a href="#cite_note-poetry_international-136">[136]</a></li> <li>Foreword to "Delinquent Genius: The Strange Affair of Man and His Technology" by <a href="/wiki/Mike_Cooley_(engineer)" title="Mike Cooley (engineer)">Mike Cooley</a><a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a></li> <li>Power To The People: The Hot Press Years (Hot Press Books, Dublin, 2024)<a href="#cite_note-Hot_Press-132">[132]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_work">Other work</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Michael_D._Higgins_with_Derek_Nolan_and_Eamon_Gilmore_2009.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Michael_D._Higgins_with_Derek_Nolan_and_Eamon_Gilmore_2009.jpg/170px-Michael_D._Higgins_with_Derek_Nolan_and_Eamon_Gilmore_2009.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="305" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Michael_D._Higgins_with_Derek_Nolan_and_Eamon_Gilmore_2009.jpg/255px-Michael_D._Higgins_with_Derek_Nolan_and_Eamon_Gilmore_2009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Michael_D._Higgins_with_Derek_Nolan_and_Eamon_Gilmore_2009.jpg/340px-Michael_D._Higgins_with_Derek_Nolan_and_Eamon_Gilmore_2009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="570" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>Higgins, <a href="/wiki/Derek_Nolan" title="Derek Nolan">Derek Nolan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eamon_Gilmore" title="Eamon Gilmore">Eamon Gilmore</a> on the campaign trail, <a href="/wiki/Galway" title="Galway">Galway</a>, 2008</figcaption></figure> Higgins has campaigned for human rights and written of conflict in many parts of the world, including such areas as Nicaragua, Chile, Cambodia, El Salvador, Iraq and Somalia.<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> He spoke in the Dáil in defence of the 2010 <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Freedom_Flotilla" title="Gaza Freedom Flotilla">Gaza Freedom Flotilla</a>.<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> In recognition of his work for peace with justice in many parts of the world, he became the first recipient of the Seán MacBride Peace Prize of the <a href="/wiki/International_Peace_Bureau" title="International Peace Bureau">International Peace Bureau</a> in Helsinki in 1992.<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a> He was a noted critic of U.S. foreign policy under the Ronald Reagan administration. In 2005, in response to a column for the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Independent" title="Irish Independent">Irish Independent</a> by <a href="/wiki/Kevin_Myers" title="Kevin Myers">Kevin Myers</a> about the riots then erupting across immigrant areas in France and Britain, he said "the contents of his column today go beyond his usually crafted cowardice, staying one step on the safe side of prosecution for incitement to hatred or racism."<a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a> Higgins has voiced his support for the <a href="/wiki/Campaign_for_the_Establishment_of_a_United_Nations_Parliamentary_Assembly" title="Campaign for the Establishment of a United Nations Parliamentary Assembly">Campaign for the Establishment of a United Nations Parliamentary Assembly</a>, an organisation which campaigns for democratic reformation of the United Nations, and the creation of a more accountable international political system.<a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a> Higgins's eclectic mix of interests also extends to sport; he is a regular at the <a href="/wiki/Galway_Races" title="Galway Races">Galway Races</a> each summer. He has also previously served as president of <a href="/wiki/Galway_United_F.C." title="Galway United F.C.">Galway United F.C.</a>, is a well known football supporter and regularly attends <a href="/wiki/League_of_Ireland" title="League of Ireland">League of Ireland</a> games.<a href="#cite_note-irishexaminer-144">[144]</a> In <a href="/wiki/2014_President_of_Ireland%27s_Cup" title="2014 President of Ireland's Cup">2014</a> the <a href="/wiki/Football_Association_of_Ireland" title="Football Association of Ireland">Football Association of Ireland</a> introduced a new <a href="/wiki/Association_football_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Association football in the Republic of Ireland">association football</a> <a href="/wiki/Super_cup" title="Super cup">super cup</a>, the <a href="/wiki/President_of_Ireland%27s_Cup" title="President of Ireland's Cup">President's Cup</a>, in his honour. On 25 February 2014, the cup itself was officially unveiled with a ceremony at <a href="/wiki/%C3%81ras_an_Uachtar%C3%A1in" title="Áras an Uachtaráin">Áras an Uachtaráin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-rte1-145">[145]</a><a href="#cite_note-lfaprescup-146">[146]</a> Higgins subsequently attended the inaugural final at <a href="/wiki/Richmond_Park_(football_ground)" title="Richmond Park (football ground)">Richmond Park</a> on 2 March 2014.<a href="#cite_note-president-147">[147]</a> Higgins is the subject of the song "Michael D. Rocking in the Dáil" by popular <a href="/wiki/Tuam" title="Tuam">Tuam</a> band <a href="/wiki/The_Saw_Doctors" title="The Saw Doctors">The Saw Doctors</a>. The song first appeared as a B-side on the 1994 single "Small Bit of Love" and is also on the 2002 compilation Play It Again, Sham!.<a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honours_and_awards">Honours and awards</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreign_honours">Foreign honours</h3></div> <ul><li>El Salvador: Grand Cross of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Jos%C3%A9_Mat%C3%ADas_Delgado" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of José Matías Delgado">Order of José Matías Delgado</a>. Awarded in 2013 after Higgins returned to El Salvador as president of Ireland, where 31 years earlier he had visited on a fact-finding mission to investigate the <a href="/wiki/El_Mozote_massacre" title="El Mozote massacre">El Mozote massacre</a>.<a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Peru: Grand Collar of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Sun_of_Peru" title="Order of the Sun of Peru">Order of the Sun of Peru</a>. Awarded in 2017.<a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a></li> <li>United Nations: It was reported on 26 January 2024 that Higgins had been awarded the United Nations Agricola Medal (agricola means farmer in Latin). He would be presented with the award by the Director-General of the <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Agriculture_Organization" title="Food and Agriculture Organization">Food and Agriculture Organisation</a> (FAO), <a href="/wiki/Qu_Dongyu" title="Qu Dongyu">Qu Dongyu</a>, in a ceremony in Dublin later in the year. Higgins was selected by the FAO "in recognition of your contribution and commitment to the welfare of all peoples, your extraordinary support for FAO's fundamental goal of attaining universal food security, and the pursuit of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals."<a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a><a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rte.ie/news/2011/1029/vote_tracker.html">"Michael D. 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The Daily Telegraph. London. 31 May 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111029145812/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/ireland/8856598/Michael-D.-Higgins-wins-Irish-presidential-election.html">Archived</a> from the original on 29 October 2011. 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Retrieved 28 September 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Irish+Independent&rft.atitle=Michael+D+comes+to+senator%27s+rescue&rft.date=2011-09-28&rft.aulast=Kelly&rft.aufirst=Fiach&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.ie%2Fnational-news%2Fmichael-d-comes-to-senators-rescue-2889156.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+D.+Higgins" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.independent.ie/national-news/presidential-election/its-official-michael-d-higgins-is-elected-as-irelands-next-president-with-over-1m-votes-2920924.html">"It's official: Michael D Higgins is elected as Ireland's next president with over 1m votes"</a>. 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Retrieved 29 October 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Michael+D+Higgins+becomes+Irish+president&rft.date=2011-10-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2011%2Foct%2F29%2Fmichael-d-higgins-becomes-irish-president%3Fnewsfeed%3Dtrue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+D.+Higgins" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-15515479">"President-elect Michael D Higgins welcomed home to Galway"</a>. BBC News. 30 October 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111031112807/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-15515479">Archived</a> from the original on 31 October 2011. 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Retrieved 14 November 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=RT%C3%89+News&rft.atitle=Inaugural+speech+of+President+Michael+D+Higgins&rft.date=2011-11-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rte.ie%2Fnews%2F2011%2F1111%2Fhiggins_speech.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+D.+Higgins" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMinihan2011" class="citation news cs1">Minihan, Mary (8 November 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/ireland/2011/1108/1224307208472.html">"Humanist element to inauguration of Higgins"</a>. 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Retrieved 29 October 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal&rft.atitle=Higher+or+lower%3A+how+does+Michael+D%27s+new+salary+compare+to+other+heads+of+state%3F&rft.date=2011-10-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thejournal.ie%2Fhigher-or-lower-how-does-michael-ds-new-salary-compare-to-other-heads-of-state-266916-Oct2011%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+D.+Higgins" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irishcentral.com/news/-President-Michael-D-Higgins-requests-his-salary-cut-to-336755-134109528.html">"President Michael D Higgins requests his salary cut to $336,755"</a>. 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Retrieved 19 November 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Irish+Central&rft.atitle=President+Michael+D+Higgins+requests+his+salary+cut+to+%24336%2C755&rft.date=2011-11-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishcentral.com%2Fnews%2F-President-Michael-D-Higgins-requests-his-salary-cut-to-336755-134109528.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+D.+Higgins" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://breakingnews.ie/archives/2011/1117/ireland/president-higgins-asks-for-235-pay-cut-528777.html">"President Higgins asks for 23.5% pay cut"</a>. 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Retrieved 19 November 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BreakingNews.ie&rft.atitle=President+Higgins+asks+for+23.5%25+pay+cut&rft.date=2011-11-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbreakingnews.ie%2Farchives%2F2011%2F1117%2Fireland%2Fpresident-higgins-asks-for-235-pay-cut-528777.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+D.+Higgins" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.highlandradio.com/2011/11/08/derry-to-host-michael-d-higgins-first-offical-visit-to-the-north/">"Derry to host Michael D Higgins first official visit to the north"</a>. 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Retrieved 22 October 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Irish+Independent&rft.atitle=Poetry+tells+you+what+is+in+a+man%27s+soul+%E2%80%93+loneliness%2C+loss+and+love+of+animals+are+themes+in+Michael+D%27s+verse&rft.date=2011-10-22&rft.aulast=Kenny&rft.aufirst=Mary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.ie%2Flifestyle%2Fpoetry-tells-you-what-is-in-a-mans-soul-loneliness-loss-and-love-of-animals-are-themes-in-michael-ds-verse-26784436.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+D.+Higgins" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hot_Press-132">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hot_Press_132-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hot_Press_132-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNewsdesk2024" class="citation news cs1">Newsdesk, The Hot Press (25 September 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hotpress.com/opinion/michael-d-higgins-power-to-the-people-the-hot-press-years-available-to-pre-order-now-23051641">"Michael D. Higgins' Power To The People: The Hot Press Years available out now!"</a>. Hotpress.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hotpress&rft.atitle=Michael+D.+Higgins%27+Power+To+The+People%3A+The+Hot+Press+Years+available+out+now%21&rft.date=2024-09-25&rft.aulast=Newsdesk&rft.aufirst=The+Hot+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hotpress.com%2Fopinion%2Fmichael-d-higgins-power-to-the-people-the-hot-press-years-available-to-pre-order-now-23051641&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+D.+Higgins" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGibney2025" class="citation news cs1">Gibney, John (6 January 2025). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/books/review/2025/01/04/power-to-the-people-the-hot-press-years-by-michael-d-higgins-minority-reports-from-ireland-of-the-1980s-and-1990s/">"Power to the People: The Hot Press Years by Michael D Higgins. Minority reports from Ireland of the 1980s and 1990s"</a>. The Irish Times.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Irish+Times&rft.atitle=Power+to+the+People%3A+The+Hot+Press+Years+by+Michael+D+Higgins.+Minority+reports+from+Ireland+of+the+1980s+and+1990s&rft.date=2025-01-06&rft.aulast=Gibney&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fculture%2Fbooks%2Freview%2F2025%2F01%2F04%2Fpower-to-the-people-the-hot-press-years-by-michael-d-higgins-minority-reports-from-ireland-of-the-1980s-and-1990s%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+D.+Higgins" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-unfit"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160307081814/http://www.poetryinternationalweb.net/pi/site/poem/item/21563/auto/THE-BETRAYAL">"The Betrayal"</a>. Poetry International. Archived from the original on 7 March 2016. Retrieved 1 September 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Poetry+International&rft.atitle=The+Betrayal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.poetryinternationalweb.net%2Fpi%2Fsite%2Fpoem%2Fitem%2F21563%2Fauto%2FTHE-BETRAYAL&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+D.+Higgins" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-unfit"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304092111/http://www.poetryinternationalweb.net/pi/site/poem/item/21566">"The Season of Fire"</a>. Poetry International. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 1 September 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Poetry+International&rft.atitle=The+Season+of+Fire&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.poetryinternationalweb.net%2Fpi%2Fsite%2Fpoem%2Fitem%2F21566&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+D.+Higgins" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-poetry_international-136">^ <a href="#cite_ref-poetry_international_136-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-poetry_international_136-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-poetry_international_136-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-unfit"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131220105306/http://www.poetryinternationalweb.net/pi/site/poet/item/21556/30/Michael-D.-Higgins">"Michael D. Higgins (Ireland, 1941)"</a>. Poetry International. Archived from the original on 20 December 2013. Retrieved 1 September 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Poetry+International&rft.atitle=Michael+D.+Higgins+%28Ireland%2C+1941%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.poetryinternationalweb.net%2Fpi%2Fsite%2Fpoet%2Fitem%2F21556%2F30%2FMichael-D.-Higgins&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+D.+Higgins" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irishtimes.com/news/ireland/irish-news/president-michael-d-higgins-releases-text-of-his-new-poem-1.2098052">"President Michael D Higgins releases text of his new poem"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Irish_Times" title="The Irish Times">The Irish Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161220120748/http://www.irishtimes.com/news/ireland/irish-news/president-michael-d-higgins-releases-text-of-his-new-poem-1.2098052">Archived</a> from the original on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 29 November 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Irish+Times&rft.atitle=President+Michael+D+Higgins+releases+text+of+his+new+poem&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fnews%2Fireland%2Firish-news%2Fpresident-michael-d-higgins-releases-text-of-his-new-poem-1.2098052&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+D.+Higgins" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMike_Cooley" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mike_Cooley_(engineer)" title="Mike Cooley (engineer)">Mike Cooley</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://spokesmanbookshop.com/epages/36621f87-f6e8-411d-b941-d46fe29be74c.sf/en_GB/?ObjectPath=/Shops/36621f87-f6e8-411d-b941-d46fe29be74c/Products/Cooley">"Delinquent Genius: The Strange Affair of Man and His Technology"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190411071251/https://spokesmanbookshop.com/epages/36621f87-f6e8-411d-b941-d46fe29be74c.sf/en_GB/?ObjectPath=%2FShops%2F36621f87-f6e8-411d-b941-d46fe29be74c%2FProducts%2FCooley">Archived</a> from the original on 11 April 2019. Retrieved 22 June 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Delinquent+Genius%3A+The+Strange+Affair+of+Man+and+His+Technology&rft.au=Mike+Cooley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fspokesmanbookshop.com%2Fepages%2F36621f87-f6e8-411d-b941-d46fe29be74c.sf%2Fen_GB%2F%3FObjectPath%3D%2FShops%2F36621f87-f6e8-411d-b941-d46fe29be74c%2FProducts%2FCooley&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+D.+Higgins" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978%2B085124%2B8783" title="Special:BookSources/978+085124+8783">978 085124 8783</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishtimes.com/news/one-of-our-finest-citizens-has-become-first-citizen-with-a-vision-dedicated-to-renewing-the-republic-1.10609">"'One of our finest citizens has become first citizen', with a vision dedicated to renewing the Republic"</a>. 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Irish Labour Party. 1 June 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170718223521/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mzynO5YUrFE">Archived</a> from the original on 18 July 2017. Retrieved 30 November 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Michael+D+Higgins+TD+speaking+on+the+D%C3%A1il+motion+about+Interception+of+Gaza+humanitarian+Flotilla&rft.pub=Irish+Labour+Party&rft.date=2010-06-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DmzynO5YUrFE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+D.+Higgins" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120730113128/http://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/news/local-national/republic-of-ireland/clean-fight-helped-higgins-win-day-16070271.html">"Clean fight helped Higgins win day"</a>. The Belfast Telegraph. 28 October 2011. 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Retrieved 28 October 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Belfast+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Clean+fight+helped+Higgins+win+day&rft.date=2011-10-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.belfasttelegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Flocal-national%2Frepublic-of-ireland%2Fclean-fight-helped-higgins-win-day-16070271.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+D.+Higgins" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMyers2011" class="citation news cs1">Myers, Kevin (10 August 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.independent.ie/opinion/columnists/kevin-myers/kevin-myers-feral-rioters-all-have-one-thing-in-common-a-lack-of-father-figures-2844058.html">"Feral rioters all have one thing in common – a lack of father figures"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Irish_Independent" title="Irish Independent">Irish Independent</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111210125916/http://www.independent.ie/opinion/columnists/kevin-myers/kevin-myers-feral-rioters-all-have-one-thing-in-common-a-lack-of-father-figures-2844058.html">Archived</a> from the original on 10 December 2011. Retrieved 28 September 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Irish+Independent&rft.atitle=Feral+rioters+all+have+one+thing+in+common+%E2%80%93+a+lack+of+father+figures&rft.date=2011-08-10&rft.aulast=Myers&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.ie%2Fopinion%2Fcolumnists%2Fkevin-myers%2Fkevin-myers-feral-rioters-all-have-one-thing-in-common-a-lack-of-father-figures-2844058.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+D.+Higgins" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.unpacampaign.org/supporters/overview/?mapcountry=allhea&mapgroup=hea">"Supporters"</a>. Campaign for a UN Parliamentary Assembly. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180124055113/http://en.unpacampaign.org/supporters/overview/?mapcountry=allhea&mapgroup=hea">Archived</a> from the original on 24 January 2018. Retrieved 21 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Campaign+for+a+UN+Parliamentary+Assembly&rft.atitle=Supporters&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.unpacampaign.org%2Fsupporters%2Foverview%2F%3Fmapcountry%3Dallhea%26mapgroup%3Dhea&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+D.+Higgins" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-irishexaminer-144"><a href="#cite_ref-irishexaminer_144-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irishexaminer.com/sport/soccer/michael-d-higgins-interview-statesman-of-the-game-384378.html">"Michael D Higgins Interview: Statesman of the game"</a>. www.irishexaminer.com. 27 February 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161012074629/http://www.irishexaminer.com/sport/soccer/michael-d-higgins-interview-statesman-of-the-game-384378.html">Archived</a> from the original on 12 October 2016. Retrieved 10 October 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Michael+D+Higgins+Interview%3A+Statesman+of+the+game&rft.pub=www.irishexaminer.com&rft.date=2016-02-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishexaminer.com%2Fsport%2Fsoccer%2Fmichael-d-higgins-interview-statesman-of-the-game-384378.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+D.+Higgins" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-rte1-145"><a href="#cite_ref-rte1_145-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rte.ie/sport/soccer/irish/2014/0225/506528-president-unveils-cup-for-decider/">"President Michael D Higgins unveils Cup for new competition between SSE Airtricity League and FAI Cup winners"</a>. www.rte.ie. 25 February 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161011230120/http://www.rte.ie/sport/soccer/irish/2014/0225/506528-president-unveils-cup-for-decider/">Archived</a> from the original on 11 October 2016. Retrieved 5 October 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=President+Michael+D+Higgins+unveils+Cup+for+new+competition+between+SSE+Airtricity+League+and+FAI+Cup+winners&rft.pub=www.rte.ie&rft.date=2014-02-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rte.ie%2Fsport%2Fsoccer%2Firish%2F2014%2F0225%2F506528-president-unveils-cup-for-decider%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+D.+Higgins" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-lfaprescup-146"><a href="#cite_ref-lfaprescup_146-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://leagueofirelandhistory.wordpress.com/tag/lfa-presidents-cup/">"LFA President's Cup"</a>. leagueofirelandhistory.wordpress.com. 2 March 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161014102227/https://leagueofirelandhistory.wordpress.com/tag/lfa-presidents-cup/">Archived</a> from the original on 14 October 2016. Retrieved 5 October 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=LFA+President%27s+Cup&rft.pub=leagueofirelandhistory.wordpress.com&rft.date=2014-03-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fleagueofirelandhistory.wordpress.com%2Ftag%2Flfa-presidents-cup%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+D.+Higgins" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-president-147"><a href="#cite_ref-president_147-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.president.ie/en/diary/details/president-attends-the-inaugural-presidents-cup-fixture">"President attends the inaugural President's Cup fixture"</a>. www.president.ie. 2 March 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160427085128/http://www.president.ie/en/diary/details/president-attends-the-inaugural-presidents-cup-fixture">Archived</a> from the original on 27 April 2016. Retrieved 10 October 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=President+attends+the+inaugural+President%27s+Cup+fixture&rft.pub=www.president.ie&rft.date=2014-03-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.president.ie%2Fen%2Fdiary%2Fdetails%2Fpresident-attends-the-inaugural-presidents-cup-fixture&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+D.+Higgins" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.independent.ie/national-news/its-all-thanks-to-the-saw-doctors-that-michael-ds-rockin-in-the-aras-2920589.html">"It's all thanks to the Saw Doctors that Michael D's Rockin in the Aras"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Irish_Independent" title="Irish Independent">Irish Independent</a>. 29 October 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111101102236/http://www.independent.ie/national-news/its-all-thanks-to-the-saw-doctors-that-michael-ds-rockin-in-the-aras-2920589.html">Archived</a> from the original on 1 November 2011. Retrieved 29 October 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Irish+Independent&rft.atitle=It%27s+all+thanks+to+the+Saw+Doctors+that+Michael+D%27s+Rockin+in+the+Aras&rft.date=2011-10-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.ie%2Fnational-news%2Fits-all-thanks-to-the-saw-doctors-that-michael-ds-rockin-in-the-aras-2920589.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+D.+Higgins" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCarswell" class="citation news cs1">Carswell, Simon. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/higgins-returns-to-scene-of-massacre-with-clear-message-never-forget-1.1573938">"Higgins returns to scene of massacre with clear message: never forget"</a>. The Irish Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131101101933/http://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/higgins-returns-to-scene-of-massacre-with-clear-message-never-forget-1.1573938">Archived</a> from the original on 1 November 2013. Retrieved 22 June 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Irish+Times&rft.atitle=Higgins+returns+to+scene+of+massacre+with+clear+message%3A+never+forget&rft.aulast=Carswell&rft.aufirst=Simon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fhiggins-returns-to-scene-of-massacre-with-clear-message-never-forget-1.1573938&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+D.+Higgins" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rte.ie/news/2017/0210/851785-president-higgins-peru/">"President Michael D Higgins honoured in Peru"</a>. <a href="/wiki/RT%C3%89.ie" title="RTÉ.ie">RTÉ.ie</a>. 10 February 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=RT%C3%89.ie&rft.atitle=President+Michael+D+Higgins+honoured+in+Peru&rft.date=2017-02-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rte.ie%2Fnews%2F2017%2F0210%2F851785-president-higgins-peru%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+D.+Higgins" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://president.ie/en/media-library/news-releases/president-michael-d-higgins-to-receive-the-agricola-medal-of-the-un-food-and-agriculture-organisation">"President Michael D. Higgins to receive the 'Agricola Medal' of the UN Food and Agriculture Organisation"</a>. Áras an Uachtaráin. 26 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=President+Michael+D.+Higgins+to+receive+the+%E2%80%98Agricola+Medal%E2%80%99+of+the+UN+Food+and+Agriculture+Organisation&rft.pub=%C3%81ras+an+Uachtar%C3%A1in&rft.date=2024-01-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpresident.ie%2Fen%2Fmedia-library%2Fnews-releases%2Fpresident-michael-d-higgins-to-receive-the-agricola-medal-of-the-un-food-and-agriculture-organisation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+D.+Higgins" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFO'Donoghue2024" class="citation news cs1">O'Donoghue, Anne (29 January 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.farmersjournal.ie/news/news/president-higgins-to-receive-un-food-and-agriculture-organisation-medal-802933">"President Higgins to receive UN Food and Agriculture Organisation Medal"</a>. Irish Farmers Journal.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Irish+Farmers+Journal&rft.atitle=President+Higgins+to+receive+UN+Food+and+Agriculture+Organisation+Medal&rft.date=2024-01-29&rft.aulast=O%27Donoghue&rft.aufirst=Anne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.farmersjournal.ie%2Fnews%2Fnews%2Fpresident-higgins-to-receive-un-food-and-agriculture-organisation-medal-802933&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+D.+Higgins" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> Michael D. Higgins at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Michael_D._Higgins" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Michael D. Higgins">Media</a> from Commons</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Michael_D._Higgins" class="extiw" title="s:Author:Michael D. Higgins">Texts</a> from Wikisource</li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.president.ie/biography/">Biography at Áras an Uachtaráin website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1014980/">Michael D. Higgins</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q1N3sLN-D1U">Documentary about Michael D. Higgins (family, career, and presidential campaign)</a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a>, <a href="/wiki/TG4" title="TG4">TG4</a>, 2011.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JtLOSJBRUlM">Presidential election acceptance speech</a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a> (RTÉ video in Irish and English)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rte.ie/news/2011/1111/higgins_speech.html">Presidential inauguration speech</a> (Text)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ucd.ie/humanities/events/podcasts/2012/george-bernard-shaw-conference/">Audio recording of speech</a> opening the G. B. Shaw: Back in Town conference, Dublin 2012</li> <li>Henry, William (2002). Role of Honour: The Mayors of Galway City 1485–2001. Galway: Galway City Council. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/51023721">51023721</a> <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Standard_Identification_Number" title="Amazon Standard Identification Number">ASIN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/B003NECRYW">B003NECRYW</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFBF00;">Party political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Roddy_Connolly" title="Roddy Connolly">Roddy Connolly</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> Chair of the <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(Ireland)" title="Labour Party (Ireland)">Labour Party</a> 1978–1981 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Mervyn_Taylor" title="Mervyn Taylor">Mervyn Taylor</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #191970;">Civic offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Claude_Toft" title="Claude Toft">Claude Toft</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Galway" title="Mayor of Galway">Mayor of Galway</a> 1981–1982 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Pat_McNamara_(Irish_politician)" title="Pat McNamara (Irish politician)">Pat McNamara</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Angela_Lynch-Lupton" class="mw-redirect" title="Angela Lynch-Lupton">Angela Lynch-Lupton</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> Mayor of Galway 1990–1991 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Leahy_(politician)" title="Michael Leahy (politician)">Michael Leahy</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_Wilson_(Irish_politician)" title="John Wilson (Irish politician)">John Wilson</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Children,_Equality,_Disability,_Integration_and_Youth" title="Minister for Children, Equality, Disability, Integration and Youth">Minister for Arts, Culture and the Gaeltacht</a> 1993–1994 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Bertie_Ahern" title="Bertie Ahern">Bertie Ahern</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Bertie Ahern</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> Minister for Arts, Culture and the Gaeltacht 1994–1997 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%ADle_de_Valera" title="Síle de Valera">Síle de Valera</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Mary_McAleese" title="Mary McAleese">Mary McAleese</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/President_of_Ireland" title="President of Ireland">President of Ireland</a> 2011–present </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Incumbent </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Michael_D._Higgins_navigational_boxes104" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Michael_D._Higgins_navigational_boxes104" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Michael D. 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title="President of Ireland">Presidents of Ireland</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Hyde" title="Douglas Hyde">Douglas Hyde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_T._O%27Kelly" title="Seán T. O'Kelly">Seán T. O'Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89amon_de_Valera" title="Éamon de Valera">Éamon de Valera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erskine_Hamilton_Childers" title="Erskine Hamilton Childers">Erskine H. Childers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cearbhall_%C3%93_D%C3%A1laigh" title="Cearbhall Ó Dálaigh">Cearbhall Ó Dálaigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Hillery" title="Patrick Hillery">Patrick Hillery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Robinson" title="Mary Robinson">Mary Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_McAleese" title="Mary McAleese">Mary McAleese</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Michael D. Higgins</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Presidents_of_Ireland" title="Category:Presidents of Ireland">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Current_heads_of_state_of_republics264" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Heads_of_state_of_republics" title="Template:Heads of state of republics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Heads_of_state_of_republics" title="Template talk:Heads of state of republics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Heads_of_state_of_republics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Heads of state of republics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Current_heads_of_state_of_republics264" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_heads_of_state_and_government" title="List of current heads of state and government">Current heads of state of republics</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Algeria: <a href="/wiki/Abdelmadjid_Tebboune" title="Abdelmadjid Tebboune">Abdelmadjid Tebboune</a></li> <li>Angola: <a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_Louren%C3%A7o" title="João Lourenço">João Lourenço</a></li> <li>Benin: <a href="/wiki/Patrice_Talon" title="Patrice Talon">Patrice Talon</a></li> <li>Botswana: <a href="/wiki/Duma_Boko" title="Duma Boko">Duma Boko</a></li> <li>Burkina Faso: <a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Traor%C3%A9" title="Ibrahim Traoré">Ibrahim Traoré</a>*</li> <li>Burundi: <a href="/wiki/%C3%89variste_Ndayishimiye" title="Évariste Ndayishimiye">Évariste Ndayishimiye</a></li> <li>Cameroon: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Biya" title="Paul Biya">Paul Biya</a></li> <li>Cape Verde: <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Maria_Neves" title="José Maria Neves">José Maria Neves</a></li> <li>Central African Republic: <a href="/wiki/Faustin-Archange_Touad%C3%A9ra" title="Faustin-Archange Touadéra">Faustin-Archange Touadéra</a></li> <li>Chad: <a href="/wiki/Mahamat_D%C3%A9by" title="Mahamat Déby">Mahamat Déby</a></li> <li>Comoros: <a href="/wiki/Azali_Assoumani" title="Azali Assoumani">Azali Assoumani</a></li> <li>Democratic Republic of the Congo: <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Tshisekedi" title="Félix Tshisekedi">Félix Tshisekedi</a></li> <li>Republic of the Congo: <a href="/wiki/Denis_Sassou_Nguesso" title="Denis Sassou Nguesso">Denis Sassou Nguesso</a></li> <li>Djibouti: <a href="/wiki/Isma%C3%AFl_Omar_Guelleh" title="Ismaïl Omar Guelleh">Ismaïl Omar Guelleh</a></li> <li>Egypt: <a href="/wiki/Abdel_Fattah_el-Sisi" title="Abdel Fattah el-Sisi">Abdel Fattah el-Sisi</a></li> <li>Equatorial Guinea: <a href="/wiki/Teodoro_Obiang_Nguema_Mbasogo" title="Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo">Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo</a></li> <li>Eritrea: <a href="/wiki/Isaias_Afwerki" title="Isaias Afwerki">Isaias Afwerki</a></li> <li>Ethiopia: <a href="/wiki/Taye_Atske_Selassie" title="Taye Atske Selassie">Taye Atske Selassie</a></li> <li>Gabon: <a href="/wiki/Brice_Oligui_Nguema" title="Brice Oligui Nguema">Brice Oligui Nguema</a>*</li> <li>Gambia: <a href="/wiki/Adama_Barrow" title="Adama Barrow">Adama Barrow</a></li> <li>Ghana: <a href="/wiki/John_Mahama" title="John Mahama">John Mahama</a></li> <li>Guinea: <a href="/wiki/Mamady_Doumbouya" title="Mamady Doumbouya">Mamady Doumbouya</a>*</li> <li>Guinea-Bissau: <a href="/wiki/Umaro_Sissoco_Embal%C3%B3" title="Umaro Sissoco Embaló">Umaro Sissoco Embaló</a></li> <li>Ivory Coast: <a href="/wiki/Alassane_Ouattara" title="Alassane Ouattara">Alassane Ouattara</a></li> <li>Kenya: <a href="/wiki/William_Ruto" title="William Ruto">William Ruto</a></li> <li>Liberia: <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Boakai" title="Joseph Boakai">Joseph Boakai</a></li> <li>Libya: <a href="/wiki/Mohamed_al-Menfi" title="Mohamed al-Menfi">Mohamed al-Menfi</a>*</li> <li>Madagascar: <a href="/wiki/Andry_Rajoelina" title="Andry Rajoelina">Andry Rajoelina</a></li> <li>Malawi: <a href="/wiki/Lazarus_Chakwera" title="Lazarus Chakwera">Lazarus Chakwera</a></li> <li>Mali: <a href="/wiki/Assimi_Go%C3%AFta" title="Assimi Goïta">Assimi Goïta</a>*</li> <li>Mauritania: <a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Ould_Ghazouani" title="Mohamed Ould Ghazouani">Mohamed Ould Ghazouani</a></li> <li>Mauritius: <a href="/wiki/Dharam_Gokhool" title="Dharam Gokhool">Dharam Gokhool</a></li> <li>Mozambique: <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Chapo" title="Daniel Chapo">Daniel Chapo</a></li> <li>Namibia: <a href="/wiki/Nangolo_Mbumba" title="Nangolo Mbumba">Nangolo Mbumba</a></li> <li>Niger: <a href="/wiki/Abdourahamane_Tchiani" title="Abdourahamane Tchiani">Abdourahamane Tchiani</a>*</li> <li>Nigeria: <a href="/wiki/Bola_Tinubu" title="Bola Tinubu">Bola Tinubu</a></li> <li>Rwanda: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Kagame" title="Paul Kagame">Paul Kagame</a></li> <li>Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic: <a href="/wiki/Brahim_Ghali" title="Brahim Ghali">Brahim Ghali</a></li> <li>São Tomé and Príncipe: <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Vila_Nova" title="Carlos Vila Nova">Carlos Vila Nova</a></li> <li>Senegal: <a href="/wiki/Bassirou_Diomaye_Faye" title="Bassirou Diomaye Faye">Bassirou Diomaye Faye</a></li> <li>Seychelles: <a href="/wiki/Wavel_Ramkalawan" title="Wavel Ramkalawan">Wavel Ramkalawan</a></li> <li>Sierra Leone: <a href="/wiki/Julius_Maada_Bio" title="Julius Maada Bio">Julius Maada Bio</a></li> <li>Somalia: <a href="/wiki/Hassan_Sheikh_Mohamud" title="Hassan Sheikh Mohamud">Hassan Sheikh Mohamud</a></li> <li>Somaliland: <a href="/wiki/Abdirahman_Mohamed_Abdullahi" title="Abdirahman Mohamed Abdullahi">Abdirahman Mohamed Abdullahi</a></li> <li>South Africa: <a href="/wiki/Cyril_Ramaphosa" title="Cyril Ramaphosa">Cyril Ramaphosa</a></li> <li>South Sudan: <a href="/wiki/Salva_Kiir_Mayardit" title="Salva Kiir Mayardit">Salva Kiir Mayardit</a></li> <li>Sudan: <a href="/wiki/Transitional_Sovereignty_Council" title="Transitional Sovereignty Council">Transitional Sovereignty Council</a>*</li> <li>Tanzania: <a href="/wiki/Samia_Suluhu_Hassan" title="Samia Suluhu Hassan">Samia Suluhu Hassan</a></li> <li>Togo: <a href="/wiki/Faure_Gnassingb%C3%A9" title="Faure Gnassingbé">Faure Gnassingbé</a></li> <li>Tunisia: <a href="/wiki/Kais_Saied" title="Kais Saied">Kais Saied</a></li> <li>Uganda: <a href="/wiki/Yoweri_Museveni" title="Yoweri Museveni">Yoweri Museveni</a></li> <li>Zambia: <a href="/wiki/Hakainde_Hichilema" title="Hakainde Hichilema">Hakainde Hichilema</a></li> <li>Zimbabwe: <a href="/wiki/Emmerson_Mnangagwa" title="Emmerson Mnangagwa">Emmerson Mnangagwa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Abkhazia: <a href="/wiki/Badra_Gunba" title="Badra Gunba">Badra Gunba</a>*</li> <li>Armenia: <a href="/wiki/Vahagn_Khachaturyan" title="Vahagn Khachaturyan">Vahagn Khachaturyan</a></li> <li>Azerbaijan: <a href="/wiki/Ilham_Aliyev" title="Ilham Aliyev">Ilham Aliyev</a></li> <li>Bangladesh: <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Shahabuddin" title="Mohammed Shahabuddin">Mohammed Shahabuddin</a></li> <li>China: <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a></li> <li>East Timor: <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Ramos-Horta" title="José Ramos-Horta">José Ramos-Horta</a></li> <li>Georgia (country): <a href="/wiki/Salome_Zourabichvili" title="Salome Zourabichvili">Salome Zourabichvili</a></li> <li>India: <a href="/wiki/Droupadi_Murmu" title="Droupadi Murmu">Droupadi Murmu</a></li> <li>Indonesia: <a href="/wiki/Prabowo_Subianto" title="Prabowo Subianto">Prabowo Subianto</a></li> <li>Iran: <a href="/wiki/Ali_Khamenei" title="Ali Khamenei">Ali Khamenei</a></li> <li>Iraq: <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Latif_Rashid" title="Abdul Latif Rashid">Abdul Latif Rashid</a></li> <li>Israel: <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Herzog" title="Isaac Herzog">Isaac Herzog</a></li> <li>Kazakhstan: <a href="/wiki/Kassym-Jomart_Tokayev" title="Kassym-Jomart Tokayev">Kassym-Jomart Tokayev</a></li> <li>Kyrgyzstan: <a href="/wiki/Sadyr_Japarov" title="Sadyr Japarov">Sadyr Japarov</a></li> <li>Laos: <a href="/wiki/Thongloun_Sisoulith" title="Thongloun Sisoulith">Thongloun Sisoulith</a></li> <li>Lebanon: <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Aoun" title="Joseph Aoun">Joseph Aoun</a></li> <li>Maldives: <a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Muizzu" title="Mohamed Muizzu">Mohamed Muizzu</a></li> <li>Mongolia: <a href="/wiki/Ukhnaagiin_Kh%C3%BCrels%C3%BCkh" title="Ukhnaagiin Khürelsükh">Ukhnaagiin Khürelsükh</a></li> <li>Myanmar: <a href="/wiki/Min_Aung_Hlaing" title="Min Aung Hlaing">Min Aung Hlaing</a>*</li> <li>Nepal: <a href="/wiki/Ram_Chandra_Poudel" title="Ram Chandra Poudel">Ram Chandra Poudel</a></li> <li>North Korea: <a href="/wiki/Kim_Jong_Un" title="Kim Jong Un">Kim Jong Un</a></li> <li>Pakistan: <a href="/wiki/Asif_Ali_Zardari" title="Asif Ali Zardari">Asif Ali Zardari</a></li> <li>Palestine: <a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_Abbas" title="Mahmoud Abbas">Mahmoud Abbas</a></li> <li>Philippines: <a href="/wiki/Bongbong_Marcos" title="Bongbong Marcos">Bongbong Marcos</a></li> <li>Singapore: <a href="/wiki/Tharman_Shanmugaratnam" title="Tharman Shanmugaratnam">Tharman Shanmugaratnam</a></li> <li>South Korea: <a href="/wiki/Choi_Sang-mok" title="Choi Sang-mok">Choi Sang-mok</a>*</li> <li>South Ossetia: <a href="/wiki/Alan_Gagloev" title="Alan Gagloev">Alan Gagloev</a></li> <li>Sri Lanka: <a href="/wiki/Anura_Kumara_Dissanayake" title="Anura Kumara Dissanayake">Anura Kumara Dissanayake</a></li> <li>Syria: <a href="/wiki/Ahmed_al-Sharaa" title="Ahmed al-Sharaa">Ahmed al-Sharaa</a></li> <li>Taiwan: <a href="/wiki/Lai_Ching-te" title="Lai Ching-te">Lai Ching-te</a></li> <li>Tajikistan: <a href="/wiki/Emomali_Rahmon" title="Emomali Rahmon">Emomali Rahmon</a></li> <li>Turkmenistan: <a href="/wiki/Serdar_Berdimuhamedow" title="Serdar Berdimuhamedow">Serdar Berdimuhamedow</a></li> <li>Uzbekistan: <a href="/wiki/Shavkat_Mirziyoyev" title="Shavkat Mirziyoyev">Shavkat Mirziyoyev</a></li> <li>Vietnam: <a href="/wiki/L%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_C%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dng" title="Lương Cường">Lương Cường</a></li> <li>Yemen: <a href="/wiki/Rashad_al-Alimi" title="Rashad al-Alimi">Rashad al-Alimi</a>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Albania: <a href="/wiki/Bajram_Begaj" title="Bajram Begaj">Bajram Begaj</a> </li> <li>Austria: <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Van_der_Bellen" title="Alexander Van der Bellen">Alexander Van der Bellen</a></li> <li>Belarus: <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Lukashenko" title="Alexander Lukashenko">Alexander Lukashenko</a></li> <li>Bosnia and Herzegovina: <a href="/wiki/Denis_Be%C4%87irovi%C4%87" title="Denis Bećirović">Denis Bećirović</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDeljka_Cvijanovi%C4%87" title="Željka Cvijanović">Željka Cvijanović</a>, and <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDeljko_Kom%C5%A1i%C4%87" title="Željko Komšić">Željko Komšić</a></li> <li>Bulgaria: <a href="/wiki/Rumen_Radev" title="Rumen Radev">Rumen Radev</a></li> <li>Croatia: <a href="/wiki/Zoran_Milanovi%C4%87" title="Zoran Milanović">Zoran Milanović</a></li> <li>Cyprus: <a href="/wiki/Nikos_Christodoulides" title="Nikos Christodoulides">Nikos Christodoulides</a></li> <li>Czech Republic: <a href="/wiki/Petr_Pavel" title="Petr Pavel">Petr Pavel</a></li> <li>Estonia: <a href="/wiki/Alar_Karis" title="Alar Karis">Alar Karis</a></li> <li>Finland: <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Stubb" title="Alexander Stubb">Alexander Stubb</a></li> <li>France: <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron">Emmanuel Macron</a></li> <li>Germany: <a href="/wiki/Frank-Walter_Steinmeier" title="Frank-Walter Steinmeier">Frank-Walter Steinmeier</a></li> <li>Greece: <a href="/wiki/Katerina_Sakellaropoulou" title="Katerina Sakellaropoulou">Katerina Sakellaropoulou</a></li> <li>Hungary: <a href="/wiki/Tam%C3%A1s_Sulyok" title="Tamás Sulyok">Tamás Sulyok</a></li> <li>Iceland: <a href="/wiki/Halla_T%C3%B3masd%C3%B3ttir" title="Halla Tómasdóttir">Halla Tómasdóttir</a></li> <li>Ireland: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Michael D. Higgins</a></li> <li>Italy: <a href="/wiki/Sergio_Mattarella" title="Sergio Mattarella">Sergio Mattarella</a></li> <li>Kosovo: <a href="/wiki/Vjosa_Osmani" title="Vjosa Osmani">Vjosa Osmani</a></li> <li>Latvia: <a href="/wiki/Edgars_Rink%C4%93vi%C4%8Ds" title="Edgars Rinkēvičs">Edgars Rinkēvičs</a></li> <li>Lithuania: <a href="/wiki/Gitanas_Naus%C4%97da" title="Gitanas Nausėda">Gitanas Nausėda</a></li> <li>Malta: <a href="/wiki/Myriam_Spiteri_Debono" title="Myriam Spiteri Debono">Myriam Spiteri Debono</a></li> <li>Moldova: <a href="/wiki/Maia_Sandu" title="Maia Sandu">Maia Sandu</a></li> <li>Montenegro: <a href="/wiki/Jakov_Milatovi%C4%87" title="Jakov Milatović">Jakov Milatović</a></li> <li>North Macedonia: <a href="/wiki/Gordana_Siljanovska-Davkova" title="Gordana Siljanovska-Davkova">Gordana Siljanovska-Davkova</a></li> <li>Northern Cyprus: <a href="/wiki/Ersin_Tatar" title="Ersin Tatar">Ersin Tatar</a></li> <li>Poland: <a href="/wiki/Andrzej_Duda" title="Andrzej Duda">Andrzej Duda</a></li> <li>Portugal: <a href="/wiki/Marcelo_Rebelo_de_Sousa" title="Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa">Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa</a></li> <li>Romania: <a href="/wiki/Ilie_Bolojan" title="Ilie Bolojan">Ilie Bolojan</a>*</li> <li>Russia: <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a></li> <li>San Marino: <a href="/wiki/Francesca_Civerchia" title="Francesca Civerchia">Francesca Civerchia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dalibor_Riccardi" title="Dalibor Riccardi">Dalibor Riccardi</a></li> <li>Serbia: <a href="/wiki/Aleksandar_Vu%C4%8Di%C4%87" title="Aleksandar Vučić">Aleksandar Vučić</a></li> <li>Slovakia: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Pellegrini" title="Peter Pellegrini">Peter Pellegrini</a></li> <li>Slovenia: <a href="/wiki/Nata%C5%A1a_Pirc_Musar" title="Nataša Pirc Musar">Nataša Pirc Musar</a></li> <li>Switzerland: <a href="/wiki/Viola_Amherd" title="Viola Amherd">Viola Amherd</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karin_Keller-Sutter" title="Karin Keller-Sutter">Karin Keller-Sutter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guy_Parmelin" title="Guy Parmelin">Guy Parmelin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ignazio_Cassis" title="Ignazio Cassis">Ignazio Cassis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albert_R%C3%B6sti" title="Albert Rösti">Albert Rösti</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89lisabeth_Baume-Schneider" title="Élisabeth Baume-Schneider">Élisabeth Baume-Schneider</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Beat_Jans" title="Beat Jans">Beat Jans</a></li> <li>Transnistria: <a href="/wiki/Vadim_Krasnoselsky" title="Vadim Krasnoselsky">Vadim Krasnoselsky</a></li> <li>Turkey: <a href="/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Recep Tayyip Erdoğan</a></li> <li>Ukraine: <a href="/wiki/Volodymyr_Zelenskyy" title="Volodymyr Zelenskyy">Volodymyr Zelenskyy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Barbados: <a href="/wiki/Sandra_Mason" title="Sandra Mason">Sandra Mason</a></li> <li>Costa Rica: <a href="/wiki/Rodrigo_Chaves_Robles" title="Rodrigo Chaves Robles">Rodrigo Chaves Robles</a></li> <li>Cuba: <a href="/wiki/Miguel_D%C3%ADaz-Canel" title="Miguel Díaz-Canel">Miguel Díaz-Canel</a></li> <li>Dominica: <a href="/wiki/Sylvanie_Burton" title="Sylvanie Burton">Sylvanie Burton</a></li> <li>Dominican Republic: <a href="/wiki/Luis_Abinader" title="Luis Abinader">Luis Abinader</a></li> <li>El Salvador: <a href="/wiki/Nayib_Bukele" title="Nayib Bukele">Nayib Bukele</a></li> <li>Guatemala: <a href="/wiki/Bernardo_Ar%C3%A9valo" title="Bernardo Arévalo">Bernardo Arévalo</a></li> <li>Haiti: <a href="/wiki/Transitional_Presidential_Council" title="Transitional Presidential Council">Transitional Presidential Council</a>*</li> <li>Honduras: <a href="/wiki/Xiomara_Castro" title="Xiomara Castro">Xiomara Castro</a></li> <li>Mexico: <a href="/wiki/Claudia_Sheinbaum" title="Claudia Sheinbaum">Claudia Sheinbaum</a></li> <li>Nicaragua: <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Ortega" title="Daniel Ortega">Daniel Ortega</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rosario_Murillo" title="Rosario Murillo">Rosario Murillo</a></li> <li>Panama: <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Ra%C3%BAl_Mulino" title="José Raúl Mulino">José Raúl Mulino</a></li> <li>Trinidad and Tobago: <a href="/wiki/Christine_Kangaloo" title="Christine Kangaloo">Christine Kangaloo</a></li> <li>United States: <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Argentina: <a href="/wiki/Javier_Milei" title="Javier Milei">Javier Milei</a></li> <li>Bolivia: <a href="/wiki/Luis_Arce" title="Luis Arce">Luis Arce</a></li> <li>Brazil: <a href="/wiki/Luiz_In%C3%A1cio_Lula_da_Silva" title="Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva">Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva</a></li> <li>Chile: <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Boric" title="Gabriel Boric">Gabriel Boric</a></li> <li>Colombia: <a href="/wiki/Gustavo_Petro" title="Gustavo Petro">Gustavo Petro</a></li> <li>Ecuador: <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Noboa" title="Daniel Noboa">Daniel Noboa</a></li> <li>Guyana: <a href="/wiki/Irfaan_Ali" title="Irfaan Ali">Irfaan Ali</a></li> <li>Paraguay: <a href="/wiki/Santiago_Pe%C3%B1a" title="Santiago Peña">Santiago Peña</a></li> <li>Peru: <a href="/wiki/Dina_Boluarte" title="Dina Boluarte">Dina Boluarte</a></li> <li>Suriname: <a href="/wiki/Chan_Santokhi" title="Chan Santokhi">Chan Santokhi</a></li> <li>Uruguay: <a href="/wiki/Yamand%C3%BA_Orsi" title="Yamandú Orsi">Yamandú Orsi</a></li> <li>Venezuela: <a href="/wiki/Nicol%C3%A1s_Maduro" title="Nicolás Maduro">Nicolás Maduro</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Fiji: <a href="/wiki/Naiqama_Lalabalavu" title="Naiqama Lalabalavu">Naiqama Lalabalavu</a></li> <li>Kiribati: <a href="/wiki/Taneti_Maamau" title="Taneti Maamau">Taneti Maamau</a></li> <li>Marshall Islands: <a href="/wiki/Hilda_Heine" title="Hilda Heine">Hilda Heine</a></li> <li>Federated States of Micronesia: <a href="/wiki/Wesley_Simina" title="Wesley Simina">Wesley Simina</a></li> <li>Nauru: <a href="/wiki/David_Adeang" title="David Adeang">David Adeang</a></li> <li>Palau: <a href="/wiki/Surangel_Whipps_Jr." title="Surangel Whipps Jr.">Surangel Whipps Jr.</a></li> <li>Samoa: <a href="/wiki/Tuimaleali%CA%BBifano_Va%CA%BBaleto%CA%BBa_Sualauvi_II" title="Tuimalealiʻifano Vaʻaletoʻa Sualauvi II">Tuimalealiʻifano Vaʻaletoʻa Sualauvi II</a></li> <li>Vanuatu: <a href="/wiki/Nikenike_Vurobaravu" title="Nikenike Vurobaravu">Nikenike Vurobaravu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Asterisk (*) indicate an acting head of state · Italics indicate a head of state of non-UN member state</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Heads_of_state_of_the_European_Union_member_states293" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Heads_of_state_of_the_European_Union_member_states" title="Template:Heads of state of the European Union member states"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Heads_of_state_of_the_European_Union_member_states" title="Template talk:Heads of state of the European Union member states"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Heads_of_state_of_the_European_Union_member_states" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Heads of state of the European Union member states"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Heads_of_state_of_the_European_Union_member_states293" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">Heads of state</a> of the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> <a href="/wiki/Member_state_of_the_European_Union" title="Member state of the European Union">member states</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria"><img alt="Austria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Van_der_Bellen" title="Alexander Van der Bellen">Van der Bellen</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium"><img alt="Belgium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Philippe_of_Belgium" title="Philippe of Belgium">Philippe</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria"><img alt="Bulgaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Rumen_Radev" title="Rumen Radev">Radev</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia"><img alt="Croatia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Zoran_Milanovi%C4%87" title="Zoran Milanović">Milanović</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus"><img alt="Cyprus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Nikos_Christodoulides" title="Nikos Christodoulides">Christodoulides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic"><img alt="Czech Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Petr_Pavel" title="Petr Pavel">Pavel</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark"><img alt="Denmark" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Frederik_X" title="Frederik X">Frederik X</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia"><img alt="Estonia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Alar_Karis" title="Alar Karis">Karis</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland"><img alt="Finland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Stubb" title="Alexander Stubb">Stubb</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron">Macron</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Frank-Walter_Steinmeier" title="Frank-Walter Steinmeier">Steinmeier</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece"><img alt="Greece" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Katerina_Sakellaropoulou" title="Katerina Sakellaropoulou">Sakellaropoulou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary"><img alt="Hungary" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Tam%C3%A1s_Sulyok" title="Tamás Sulyok">Sulyok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland"><img alt="Republic of Ireland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Higgins</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Sergio_Mattarella" title="Sergio Mattarella">Mattarella</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia"><img alt="Latvia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Edgars_Rink%C4%93vi%C4%8Ds" title="Edgars Rinkēvičs">Rinkēvičs</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania"><img alt="Lithuania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Gitanas_Naus%C4%97da" title="Gitanas Nausėda">Nausėda</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg"><img alt="Luxembourg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/35px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/46px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Henri,_Grand_Duke_of_Luxembourg" title="Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg">Henri</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta"><img alt="Malta" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/45px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Myriam_Spiteri_Debono" title="Myriam Spiteri Debono">Spiteri Debono</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands"><img alt="Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Willem-Alexander_of_the_Netherlands" title="Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands">Willem-Alexander</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland"><img alt="Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Andrzej_Duda" title="Andrzej Duda">Duda</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal"><img alt="Portugal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Marcelo_Rebelo_de_Sousa" title="Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa">Rebelo de Sousa</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania"><img alt="Romania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ilie_Bolojan" title="Ilie Bolojan">Bolojan</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia"><img alt="Slovakia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Peter_Pellegrini" title="Peter Pellegrini">Pellegrini</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia"><img alt="Slovenia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Nata%C5%A1a_Pirc_Musar" title="Nataša Pirc Musar">Pirc Musar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Felipe_VI" title="Felipe VI">Felipe VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden"><img alt="Sweden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Carl_XVI_Gustaf" title="Carl XVI Gustaf">Carl XVI Gustaf</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Acting heads of state shown in italics. <ul><li><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/17px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/26px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/34px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:European_Union" title="Portal:European Union">EU portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="«_12th_Seanad_«_Members_of_the_13th_Seanad_(1973–1977)_»_14th_Seanad_»963" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Members_of_the_13th_Seanad" title="Template:Members of the 13th Seanad"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Members_of_the_13th_Seanad" title="Template talk:Members of the 13th Seanad"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Members_of_the_13th_Seanad" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Members of the 13th Seanad"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="«_12th_Seanad_«_Members_of_the_13th_Seanad_(1973–1977)_»_14th_Seanad_»963" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">« <a href="/wiki/Template:Members_of_the_12th_Seanad" title="Template:Members of the 12th Seanad">12th Seanad</a> «   <a href="/wiki/13th_Seanad" title="13th Seanad">Members of the 13th Seanad</a> (1973–1977) » <a href="/wiki/Template:Members_of_the_14th_Seanad" title="Template:Members of the 14th Seanad">14th Seanad</a> »</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cathaoirleach" title="Cathaoirleach">Cathaoirleach</a> <a href="/wiki/James_Dooge" title="James Dooge">James Dooge</a> (FG)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Seanad" title="Leader of the Seanad">Leader of the Seanad</a> <a href="/wiki/Michael_O%27Higgins" title="Michael O'Higgins">Michael J. O'Higgins</a> (FG)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_Panel" title="Administrative Panel">Administrative Panel</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_Brosnan" title="Seán Brosnan">Seán Brosnan</a> (FF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Burton_(politician)" title="Philip Burton (politician)">Philip Burton</a> (FG)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Garrett" title="Jack Garrett">Jack Garrett</a> (FF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_Keegan" title="Seán Keegan">Seán Keegan</a> (FF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Kilbride_(politician)" title="Thomas Kilbride (politician)">Thomas Kilbride</a> (FG)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_McGlinchey" title="Bernard McGlinchey">Bernard McGlinchey</a> (FF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andy_O%27Brien_(politician)" title="Andy O'Brien (politician)">Andy O'Brien</a> (FG)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Agricultural_Panel" title="Agricultural Panel">Agricultural Panel</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Aylward" title="Bob Aylward">Bob Aylward</a> (FF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Barrett_(politician)" title="Jack Barrett (politician)">Jack Barrett</a> (FG)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierce_Butler_(Irish_politician,_born_1922)" title="Pierce Butler (Irish politician, born 1922)">Pierce Butler</a> (FG)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Cowen" title="Bernard Cowen">Bernard Cowen</a> (FF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Fitzgerald_(politician)" title="Jack Fitzgerald (politician)">Jack Fitzgerald</a> (Lab)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Mannion_Jnr" title="John Mannion Jnr">John Mannion Jnr</a> (FG)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_McCartin" title="Joe McCartin">Joe McCartin</a> (FG)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_McGowan_(Irish_politician)" title="Patrick McGowan (Irish politician)">Patrick McGowan</a> (FF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornelius_O%27Callaghan_(Fianna_F%C3%A1il_politician)" title="Cornelius O'Callaghan (Fianna Fáil politician)">Cornelius O'Callaghan</a> (FF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ryan_(Irish_politician)" title="William Ryan (Irish politician)">William Ryan</a> (FF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liam_Whyte" title="Liam Whyte">Liam Whyte</a> (FG)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cultural_and_Educational_Panel" title="Cultural and Educational Panel">Cultural and Educational Panel</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kit_Ahern" title="Kit Ahern">Kit Ahern</a> (FF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Fox_(politician)" title="Billy Fox (politician)">Billy Fox</a> (FG)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_McAuliffe" title="Timothy McAuliffe">Timothy McAuliffe</a> (Lab)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Walsh_(politician)" title="Mary Walsh (politician)">Mary Walsh</a> (FG)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Yeats" title="Michael Yeats">Michael Yeats</a> (FF)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Industrial_and_Commercial_Panel" title="Industrial and Commercial Panel">Industrial and Commercial Panel</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Brennan_(Irish_senator)" title="John Brennan (Irish senator)">John J. Brennan</a> (FF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fad_Browne" title="Fad Browne">Fad Browne</a> (FF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Dooge" title="James Dooge">James Dooge</a> (FG)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denis_Farrelly" title="Denis Farrelly">Denis Farrelly</a> (FG)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexis_FitzGerald_Snr" title="Alexis FitzGerald Snr">Alexis FitzGerald Snr</a> (FG)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Lenihan_Snr" title="Brian Lenihan Snr">Brian Lenihan</a> (FF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Moynihan_(Kerry_politician)" title="Michael Moynihan (Kerry politician)">Michael Moynihan</a> (Lab)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Russell_(Irish_politician)" title="Ted Russell (Irish politician)">Ted Russell</a> (Ind)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eoin_Ryan_Snr" title="Eoin Ryan Snr">Eoin Ryan Snr</a> (FF)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Labour_Panel" title="Labour Panel">Labour Panel</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Boland_(Fine_Gael_politician)" title="John Boland (Fine Gael politician)">John Boland</a> (FG)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_Brosnahan" title="Seán Brosnahan">Seán Brosnahan</a> (Ind)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9amus_Dolan" title="Séamus Dolan">Séamus Dolan</a> (FF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Des_Hanafin" title="Des Hanafin">Des Hanafin</a> (FF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Harte_(politician)" title="Jack Harte (politician)">Jack Harte</a> (Lab)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fintan_Kennedy" title="Fintan Kennedy">Fintan Kennedy</a> (Lab)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Killilea_Jnr" title="Mark Killilea Jnr">Mark Killilea Jnr</a> (FF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Lyons_(politician)" title="Michael Lyons (politician)">Michael Lyons</a> (FG)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Markey" title="Bernard Markey">Bernard Markey</a> (FG)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_O%27Brien_(Fine_Gael_politician)" title="William O'Brien (Fine Gael politician)">William O'Brien</a> (FG)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evelyn_Owens" title="Evelyn Owens">Evelyn Owens</a> (Lab)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dublin_University_(constituency)" title="Dublin University (constituency)">Dublin University</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/No%C3%ABl_Browne" title="Noël Browne">Noël Browne</a> (SLP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Robinson" title="Mary Robinson">Mary Robinson</a> (Ind)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trevor_West" title="Trevor West">Trevor West</a> (Ind)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_University_of_Ireland_(constituency)" title="National University of Ireland (constituency)">National University</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Horgan_(academic)" title="John Horgan (academic)">John Horgan</a> (Lab)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_Martin" title="Augustine Martin">Augustine Martin</a> (Ind)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Quinlan_(politician)" title="Patrick Quinlan (politician)">Patrick Quinlan</a> (Ind)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nominated_members_of_Seanad_%C3%89ireann" title="Nominated members of Seanad Éireann">Nominated by the Taoiseach</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Blennerhassett_(politician)" title="John Blennerhassett (politician)">John Blennerhassett</a> (FG)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austin_Deasy" title="Austin Deasy">Austin Deasy</a> (FG)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Guinness,_3rd_Earl_of_Iveagh" title="Benjamin Guinness, 3rd Earl of Iveagh">Benjamin Guinness</a> (FG)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brendan_Halligan" title="Brendan Halligan">Brendan Halligan</a> (Lab)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Michael D. Higgins</a> (Lab)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Kerrigan" title="Patrick Kerrigan">Patrick Kerrigan</a> (Lab)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_W._McGrath" title="Patrick W. McGrath">Patrick W. McGrath</a> (FG)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Mullen_(Irish_politician)" title="Michael Mullen (Irish politician)">Michael Mullen</a> (Lab)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_O%27Higgins" title="Michael O'Higgins">Michael J. O'Higgins</a> (FG)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paddy_O%27Toole" title="Paddy O'Toole">Paddy O'Toole</a> (FG)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Sanfey" title="James Sanfey">James Sanfey</a> (FG)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elected or nominated later</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1975 <a href="/wiki/Pat_Codd" title="Pat Codd">Pat Codd</a> (FG)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roddy_Connolly" title="Roddy Connolly">Roddy Connolly</a> (Lab)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Daly_(politician)" title="Jack Daly (politician)">Jack Daly</a> (FG)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Ferris_(politician)" title="Michael Ferris (politician)">Michael Ferris</a> (Lab)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miche%C3%A1l_Prendergast" title="Micheál Prendergast">Micheál Prendergast</a> (FG)</li> <li>1976 <a href="/wiki/Vincent_McHugh" title="Vincent McHugh">Vincent McHugh</a> (FG)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruairi_Quinn" title="Ruairi Quinn">Ruairi Quinn</a> (Lab)</li> <li>1977 <a href="/wiki/Liam_Burke" title="Liam Burke">Liam Burke</a> (FG)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Finn" title="Martin Finn">Martin Finn</a> (FG)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_King_(Irish_politician)" title="Frank King (Irish politician)">Frank King</a> (Lab)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>FF: <a href="/wiki/Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Fianna Fáil">Fianna Fáil</a></li> <li>FG: <a href="/wiki/Fine_Gael" title="Fine Gael">Fine Gael</a></li> <li>Lab: <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(Ireland)" title="Labour Party (Ireland)">Labour Party</a></li> <li>SLP: <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Labour_Party_(Ireland)" title="Socialist Labour Party (Ireland)">Socialist Labour Party</a></li> <li>Ind: <a href="/wiki/Independent_politician_(Ireland)" title="Independent politician (Ireland)">Independent</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="«_16th_Seanad_«_Members_of_the_17th_Seanad_(1983–1987)_»_18th_Seanad_»943" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Members_of_the_17th_Seanad" title="Template:Members of the 17th Seanad"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Members_of_the_17th_Seanad" title="Template talk:Members of the 17th Seanad"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Members_of_the_17th_Seanad" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Members of the 17th Seanad"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="«_16th_Seanad_«_Members_of_the_17th_Seanad_(1983–1987)_»_18th_Seanad_»943" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">« <a href="/wiki/Template:Members_of_the_16th_Seanad" title="Template:Members of the 16th Seanad">16th Seanad</a> «   <a href="/wiki/17th_Seanad" title="17th Seanad">Members of the 17th Seanad</a> (1983–1987) » <a href="/wiki/Template:Members_of_the_18th_Seanad" title="Template:Members of the 18th Seanad">18th Seanad</a> »</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cathaoirleach" title="Cathaoirleach">Cathaoirleach</a> <a href="/wiki/Patrick_J._Reynolds_(politician)" title="Patrick J. Reynolds (politician)">Patrick J. Reynolds</a> (<a href="/wiki/Fine_Gael" title="Fine Gael">FG</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Seanad" title="Leader of the Seanad">Leader of the Seanad</a> <a href="/wiki/James_Dooge" title="James Dooge">James Dooge</a> (FG)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_Panel" title="Administrative Panel">Administrative Panel</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luke_Belton" title="Luke Belton">Luke Belton</a> (FG)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katharine_Bulbulia" title="Katharine Bulbulia">Katharine Bulbulia</a> (FG)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tras_Honan" title="Tras Honan">Tras Honan</a> (FF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Kennedy_(Limerick_politician)" title="Patrick Kennedy (Limerick politician)">Patrick Kennedy</a> (FG)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Lynch_(Irish_politician)" title="Michael Lynch (Irish politician)">Michael Lynch</a> (FF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_O%27Donoghue" title="Martin O'Donoghue">Martin O'Donoghue</a> (FF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flor_O%27Mahony" title="Flor O'Mahony">Flor O'Mahony</a> (Lab)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Agricultural_Panel" title="Agricultural Panel">Agricultural Panel</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ulick_Burke_(politician)" title="Ulick Burke (politician)">Ulick Burke</a> (FG)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ellis_(Fianna_F%C3%A1il_politician)" title="John Ellis (Fianna Fáil politician)">John Ellis</a> (FF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Ferris_(politician)" title="Michael Ferris (politician)">Michael Ferris</a> (Lab)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Hourigan" title="Richard Hourigan">Richard Hourigan</a> (FG)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hussey_(Irish_politician)" title="Thomas Hussey (Irish politician)">Thomas Hussey</a> (FF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rory_Kiely" title="Rory Kiely">Rory Kiely</a> (FF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Lennon" title="Joseph Lennon">Joseph Lennon</a> (FG)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_McDonald_(Irish_politician)" title="Charles McDonald (Irish politician)">Charles McDonald</a> (FG)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_O%27Toole" title="Martin O'Toole">Martin O'Toole</a> (FF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Quealy" title="Michael Quealy">Michael Quealy</a> (FG)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ryan_(Irish_politician)" title="William Ryan (Irish politician)">William Ryan</a> (FF)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cultural_and_Educational_Panel" title="Cultural and Educational Panel">Cultural and Educational Panel</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9amus_de_Br%C3%BAn" title="Séamus de Brún">Séamus de Brún</a> (FF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Fleming" title="Brian Fleming">Brian Fleming</a> (FG)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joachim_Loughrey" title="Joachim Loughrey">Joachim Loughrey</a> (FG)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helena_McAuliffe-Ennis" title="Helena McAuliffe-Ennis">Helena McAuliffe-Ennis</a> (Lab)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Smith_(Irish_politician)" title="Michael Smith (Irish politician)">Michael Smith</a> (FF)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Industrial_and_Commercial_Panel" title="Industrial and Commercial Panel">Industrial and Commercial Panel</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timmy_Conway" title="Timmy Conway">Timmy Conway</a> (Lab, then PD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Daly_(politician)" title="Jack Daly (politician)">Jack Daly</a> (FG)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_Fallon_(politician)" title="Seán Fallon (politician)">Seán Fallon</a> (FF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexis_FitzGerald_Jnr" title="Alexis FitzGerald Jnr">Alexis FitzGerald Jnr</a> (FG)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Fitzsimons" title="Jack Fitzsimons">Jack Fitzsimons</a> (FF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Howard_(Irish_politician)" title="Michael Howard (Irish politician)">Michael Howard</a> (FG)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mick_Lanigan" title="Mick Lanigan">Mick Lanigan</a> (FF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_J._Reynolds_(politician)" title="Patrick J. Reynolds (politician)">Patrick J. Reynolds</a> (FG)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eoin_Ryan_Snr" title="Eoin Ryan Snr">Eoin Ryan Snr</a> (FF)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Labour_Panel" title="Labour Panel">Labour Panel</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Donie_Cassidy" title="Donie Cassidy">Donie Cassidy</a> (FF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denis_Cregan" title="Denis Cregan">Denis Cregan</a> (FG)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Des_Hanafin" title="Des Hanafin">Des Hanafin</a> (FF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Harte_(politician)" title="Jack Harte (politician)">Jack Harte</a> (Lab)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Higgins_(Irish_politician)" title="Jim Higgins (Irish politician)">Jim Higgins</a> (FG)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Hillery" title="Brian Hillery">Brian Hillery</a> (FF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Kelleher" title="Peter Kelleher">Peter Kelleher</a> (FG)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Killilea_Jnr" title="Mark Killilea Jnr">Mark Killilea Jnr</a> (FF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_McMahon" title="Larry McMahon">Larry McMahon</a> (FG)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Mullooly" title="Brian Mullooly">Brian Mullooly</a> (FF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andy_O%27Brien_(politician)" title="Andy O'Brien (politician)">Andy O'Brien</a> (FG)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dublin_University_(constituency)" title="Dublin University (constituency)">Dublin University</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_McGuinness" title="Catherine McGuinness">Catherine McGuinness</a> (Ind)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Robinson" title="Mary Robinson">Mary Robinson</a> (Ind)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shane_Ross" title="Shane Ross">Shane Ross</a> (Ind)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_University_of_Ireland_(constituency)" title="National University of Ireland (constituency)">National University</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Dooge" title="James Dooge">James Dooge</a> (FG)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Michael D. Higgins</a> (Lab)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brendan_Ryan_(Cork_politician)" title="Brendan Ryan (Cork politician)">Brendan Ryan</a> (Ind)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nominated_members_of_Seanad_%C3%89ireann" title="Nominated members of Seanad Éireann">Nominated by the Taoiseach</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Browne_(Fine_Gael_politician)" title="John Browne (Fine Gael politician)">John Browne</a> (FG)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Connor_(Irish_politician)" title="John Connor (Irish politician)">John Connor</a> (FG)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Deenihan" title="Jimmy Deenihan">Jimmy Deenihan</a> (FG)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Durcan_(politician)" title="Patrick Durcan (politician)">Patrick Durcan</a> (FG)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brendan_Howlin" title="Brendan Howlin">Brendan Howlin</a> (Lab)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christy_Kirwan" title="Christy Kirwan">Christy Kirwan</a> (Lab)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Magner" title="Pat Magner">Pat Magner</a> (Lab)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_McGonagle" title="Stephen McGonagle">Stephen McGonagle</a> (Ind)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_O%27Leary" title="Seán O'Leary">Seán O'Leary</a> (FG)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Robb_(surgeon)" title="John Robb (surgeon)">John Robb</a> (Ind)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Br%C3%ADd_Rodgers" title="Bríd Rodgers">Bríd Rodgers</a> (Ind)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nominated 1987</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nuala_Fennell" title="Nuala Fennell">Nuala Fennell</a> (FG)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paddy_O%27Toole" title="Paddy O'Toole">Paddy O'Toole</a> (FG)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>FF: <a href="/wiki/Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Fianna Fáil">Fianna Fáil</a></li> <li>FG: <a href="/wiki/Fine_Gael" title="Fine Gael">Fine Gael</a></li> <li>Lab: <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(Ireland)" title="Labour Party (Ireland)">Labour Party</a></li> <li>PD: <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Democrats" title="Progressive Democrats">Progressive Democrats</a></li> <li>Ind: <a href="/wiki/Independent_politician_(Ireland)" title="Independent politician (Ireland)">Independent</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Teachtaí_Dála_(TDs)_for_the_Galway_West_constituency109" style="white-space:normal !important;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Galway_West_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)/TDs" title="Template:Galway West (Dáil constituency)/TDs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Galway_West_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)/TDs" title="Template talk:Galway West (Dáil constituency)/TDs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Galway_West_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)/TDs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Galway West (Dáil constituency)/TDs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Teachtaí_Dála_(TDs)_for_the_Galway_West_constituency109" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Teachta_D%C3%A1la" title="Teachta Dála">Teachtaí Dála</a> (TDs) for the <a href="/wiki/Galway_West_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)" title="Galway West (Dáil constituency)">Galway West</a> constituency</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0;white-space:normal !important"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle selfreference noprint">This table is <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> from <a href="/wiki/Galway_West_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)" title="Galway West (Dáil constituency)">Galway West (Dáil constituency)</a>. (<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Galway_West_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)&action=edit">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Galway_West_(D%C3%A1il_constituency)&action=history">history</a>)</div> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%; max-width:95% !important; !important; white-space:normal !important;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Dáil</th> <th>Election</th> <th colspan="2">Deputy (Party)</th> <th colspan="2">Deputy (Party)</th> <th colspan="2">Deputy (Party)</th> <th colspan="2">Deputy (Party)</th> <th colspan="2">Deputy (Party) </th></tr> <tr> <td>9th</td> <td>1937 </td> <td rowspan="10" style="color:inherit; background-color:#66BB66"></td> <td rowspan="10"><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Bartley" title="Gerald Bartley">Gerald Bartley</a> (FF) </td> <td rowspan="6" style="color:inherit; background-color:#6699FF"></td> <td rowspan="6"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Mongan" title="Joseph Mongan">Joseph Mongan</a> (FG) </td> <td rowspan="2" style="color:inherit; background-color:#66BB66"></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_Tubridy" title="Seán Tubridy">Seán Tubridy</a> (FF) </td> <td rowspan="14" colspan="4" style="background-color:white;color:black;" align="center">3 seats 1937–1977 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">10th</td> <td>1938 </td></tr> <tr> <td> 1940 by-election </td> <td style="color:inherit; background-color:#66BB66"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/John_J._Keane_(politician)" title="John J. Keane (politician)">John J. Keane</a> (FF) </td></tr> <tr> <td>11th</td> <td>1943 </td> <td style="color:inherit; background-color:#66BB66"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eamon_Corbett" title="Eamon Corbett">Eamon Corbett</a> (FF) </td></tr> <tr> <td>12th</td> <td>1944 </td> <td rowspan="2" style="color:inherit; background-color:#66BB66"></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Lydon" title="Michael Lydon">Michael Lydon</a> (FF) </td></tr> <tr> <td>13th</td> <td>1948 </td></tr> <tr> <td>14th</td> <td>1951 </td> <td style="color:inherit; background-color:#6699FF"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/John_Mannion_Snr" title="John Mannion Snr">John Mannion Snr</a> (FG) </td> <td style="color:inherit; background-color:#66BB66"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Peadar_Duignan" title="Peadar Duignan">Peadar Duignan</a> (FF) </td></tr> <tr> <td>15th</td> <td>1954 </td> <td rowspan="7" style="color:inherit; background-color:#6699FF"></td> <td rowspan="7"><a href="/wiki/Fintan_Coogan_Snr" title="Fintan Coogan Snr">Fintan Coogan Snr</a> (FG) </td> <td rowspan="6" style="color:inherit; background-color:#66BB66"></td> <td rowspan="6"><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Geoghegan" title="Johnny Geoghegan">Johnny Geoghegan</a> (FF) </td></tr> <tr> <td>16th</td> <td>1957 </td></tr> <tr> <td>17th</td> <td>1961 </td></tr> <tr> <td>18th</td> <td>1965 </td> <td rowspan="8" style="color:inherit; background-color:#66BB66"></td> <td rowspan="8"><a href="/wiki/Bobby_Molloy" title="Bobby Molloy">Bobby Molloy</a> (FF) </td></tr> <tr> <td>19th</td> <td>1969 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">20th</td> <td>1973 </td></tr> <tr> <td> 1975 by-election </td> <td rowspan="8" style="color:inherit; background-color:#66BB66"></td> <td rowspan="8"><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1ire_Geoghegan-Quinn" title="Máire Geoghegan-Quinn">Máire Geoghegan-Quinn</a> (FF) </td></tr> <tr> <td>21st</td> <td>1977 </td> <td style="color:inherit; background-color:#6699FF"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/John_Mannion_Jnr" title="John Mannion Jnr">John Mannion Jnr</a> (FG) </td> <td style="color:inherit; background-color:#66BB66"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bill_Loughnane" title="Bill Loughnane">Bill Loughnane</a> (FF) </td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="2" style="background-color:white;color:black;" align="center">4 seats 1977–1981 </td></tr> <tr> <td>22nd</td> <td>1981 </td> <td rowspan="4" style="color:inherit; background-color:#6699FF"></td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/John_Donnellan" title="John Donnellan">John Donnellan</a> (FG) </td> <td style="color:inherit; background-color:#66BB66"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mark_Killilea_Jnr" title="Mark Killilea Jnr">Mark Killilea Jnr</a> (FF) </td> <td rowspan="2" style="color:inherit; background-color:#CC0000"></td> <td rowspan="2"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Michael D. Higgins</a> (Lab) </td></tr> <tr> <td>23rd</td> <td>1982 (Feb) </td> <td rowspan="4" style="color:inherit; background-color:#66BB66"></td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Fahey_(politician)" title="Frank Fahey (politician)">Frank Fahey</a> (FF) </td></tr> <tr> <td>24th</td> <td>1982 (Nov) </td> <td style="color:inherit; background-color:#6699FF"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fintan_Coogan_Jnr" title="Fintan Coogan Jnr">Fintan Coogan Jnr</a> (FG) </td></tr> <tr> <td>25th</td> <td>1987 </td> <td rowspan="4" style="color:inherit; background-color:#1251A2"></td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Bobby_Molloy" title="Bobby Molloy">Bobby Molloy</a> (PDs) </td> <td rowspan="6" style="color:inherit; background-color:#CC0000"></td> <td rowspan="6"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Michael D. Higgins</a> (Lab) </td></tr> <tr> <td>26th</td> <td>1989 </td> <td rowspan="5" style="color:inherit; background-color:#6699FF"></td> <td rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A1draic_McCormack" title="Pádraic McCormack">Pádraic McCormack</a> (FG) </td></tr> <tr> <td>27th</td> <td>1992 </td> <td rowspan="7" style="color:inherit; background-color:#66BB66"></td> <td rowspan="7"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89amon_%C3%93_Cu%C3%ADv" title="Éamon Ó Cuív">Éamon Ó Cuív</a> (FF) </td></tr> <tr> <td>28th</td> <td>1997 </td> <td rowspan="3" style="color:inherit; background-color:#66BB66"></td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Fahey_(politician)" title="Frank Fahey (politician)">Frank Fahey</a> (FF) </td></tr> <tr> <td>29th</td> <td>2002 </td> <td rowspan="2" style="color:inherit; background-color:#1251A2"></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Noel_Grealish" title="Noel Grealish">Noel Grealish</a> (PDs) </td></tr> <tr> <td>30th</td> <td>2007 </td></tr> <tr> <td>31st</td> <td>2011 </td> <td rowspan="4" style="color:inherit; background-color:#DDDDDD"></td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Noel_Grealish" title="Noel Grealish">Noel Grealish</a> (Ind) </td> <td style="color:inherit; background-color:#6699FF"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brian_Walsh_(politician)" title="Brian Walsh (politician)">Brian Walsh</a> (FG) </td> <td rowspan="2" style="color:inherit; background-color:#6699FF"></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_Kyne" title="Seán Kyne">Seán Kyne</a> (FG) </td> <td style="color:inherit; background-color:#CC0000"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Derek_Nolan" title="Derek Nolan">Derek Nolan</a> (Lab) </td></tr> <tr> <td>32nd</td> <td>2016 </td> <td rowspan="3" style="color:inherit; background-color:#6699FF"></td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Hildegarde_Naughton" title="Hildegarde Naughton">Hildegarde Naughton</a> (FG) </td> <td rowspan="3" style="color:inherit; background-color:#DDDDDD"></td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Connolly" title="Catherine Connolly">Catherine Connolly</a> (Ind) </td></tr> <tr> <td>33rd</td> <td>2020 </td> <td rowspan="2" style="color:inherit; background-color:#326760"></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Mair%C3%A9ad_Farrell_(politician)" title="Mairéad Farrell (politician)">Mairéad Farrell</a> (SF) </td></tr> <tr> <td>34th</td> <td>2024 </td> <td style="color:inherit; background-color:#66BB66"></td> <td><a href="/wiki/John_Connolly_(Irish_politician)" title="John Connolly (Irish politician)">John Connolly</a> (FF) </td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Reynolds_cabinet_(1993–1994)140" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:23rd_Government_of_Ireland" title="Template:23rd Government of Ireland"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:23rd_Government_of_Ireland" title="Template talk:23rd Government of Ireland"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:23rd_Government_of_Ireland" title="Special:EditPage/Template:23rd Government of Ireland"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Reynolds_cabinet_(1993–1994)140" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/23rd_government_of_Ireland" title="23rd government of Ireland">Reynolds cabinet</a> (1993–1994)</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taoiseach" title="Taoiseach">Taoiseach</a>: <a href="/wiki/Albert_Reynolds" title="Albert Reynolds">Albert Reynolds</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bertie_Ahern" title="Bertie Ahern">Bertie Ahern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Andrews_(politician)" title="David Andrews (politician)">David Andrews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niamh_Bhreathnach" title="Niamh Bhreathnach">Niamh Bhreathnach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Cowen" title="Brian Cowen">Brian Cowen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1ire_Geoghegan-Quinn" title="Máire Geoghegan-Quinn">Máire Geoghegan-Quinn</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Michael D. Higgins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brendan_Howlin" title="Brendan Howlin">Brendan Howlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlie_McCreevy" title="Charlie McCreevy">Charlie McCreevy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruairi_Quinn" title="Ruairi Quinn">Ruairi Quinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Smith_(Irish_politician)" title="Michael Smith (Irish politician)">Michael Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Spring" title="Dick Spring">Dick Spring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mervyn_Taylor" title="Mervyn Taylor">Mervyn Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Walsh_(Irish_politician)" title="Joe Walsh (Irish politician)">Joe Walsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Woods_(Irish_politician)" title="Michael Woods (Irish politician)">Michael Woods</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Bruton_cabinet_(1994–1997)134" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:24th_Government_of_Ireland" title="Template:24th Government of Ireland"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:24th_Government_of_Ireland" title="Template talk:24th Government of Ireland"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:24th_Government_of_Ireland" title="Special:EditPage/Template:24th Government of Ireland"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Bruton_cabinet_(1994–1997)134" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/24th_government_of_Ireland" title="24th government of Ireland">Bruton cabinet</a> (1994–1997)</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taoiseach" title="Taoiseach">Taoiseach</a>: <a href="/wiki/John_Bruton" title="John Bruton">John Bruton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_Barrett_(politician)" title="Seán Barrett (politician)">Seán Barrett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niamh_Bhreathnach" title="Niamh Bhreathnach">Niamh Bhreathnach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Bruton" title="Richard Bruton">Richard Bruton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Coveney" title="Hugh Coveney">Hugh Coveney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proinsias_De_Rossa" title="Proinsias De Rossa">Proinsias De Rossa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Dukes" title="Alan Dukes">Alan Dukes</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Michael D. Higgins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brendan_Howlin" title="Brendan Howlin">Brendan Howlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enda_Kenny" title="Enda Kenny">Enda Kenny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Lowry_(politician)" title="Michael Lowry (politician)">Michael Lowry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Noonan_(Fine_Gael_politician)" title="Michael Noonan (Fine Gael politician)">Michael Noonan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nora_Owen" title="Nora Owen">Nora Owen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruairi_Quinn" title="Ruairi Quinn">Ruairi Quinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Spring" title="Dick Spring">Dick Spring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mervyn_Taylor" title="Mervyn Taylor">Mervyn Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Yates" title="Ivan Yates">Ivan Yates</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Labour_Party453" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:#CC0000;color:white;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Labour_Party_(Ireland)" title="Template:Labour Party (Ireland)"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Labour_Party_(Ireland)" title="Template talk:Labour Party (Ireland)"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Labour_Party_(Ireland)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Labour Party (Ireland)"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Labour_Party453" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(Ireland)" title="Labour Party (Ireland)">Labour Party</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#CC0000;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Labour_Party_(Ireland)" title="History of the Labour Party (Ireland)">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#CC0000;color:white;;width:1%">Founders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Connolly" title="James Connolly">James Connolly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Larkin" title="James Larkin">James Larkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_O%27Brien_(trade_unionist)" title="William O'Brien (trade unionist)">William O'Brien</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#CC0000;color:white;;width:1%">Associated organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Left_(Ireland)" title="Democratic Left (Ireland)">Democratic Left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Socialist_Party_(Ireland)" title="Democratic Socialist Party (Ireland)">Democratic Socialist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Land_and_Labour_Association" title="Irish Land and Labour Association">Irish Land and Labour Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Worker_League" title="Irish Worker League">Irish Worker League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_(Ireland)" title="Socialist Party (Ireland)">Militant Tendency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Labour_Party_(Ireland)" title="National Labour Party (Ireland)">National Labour Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Labour_Party" title="Republican Labour Party">Republican Labour Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Labour_Party_(Ireland)" title="Socialist Labour Party (Ireland)">Socialist Labour Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Labour_Party_(Ireland)_banner.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Labour_Party_%28Ireland%29_banner.png/150px-Labour_Party_%28Ireland%29_banner.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="375" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Labour_Party_%28Ireland%29_banner.png/225px-Labour_Party_%28Ireland%29_banner.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Labour_Party_%28Ireland%29_banner.png/300px-Labour_Party_%28Ireland%29_banner.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="2500" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#CC0000;color:white;;width:1%">Leadership</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#CC0000;color:white;"><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Labour_Party_(Ireland)" title="Leader of the Labour Party (Ireland)">Leaders</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Johnson_(Irish_politician)" title="Thomas Johnson (Irish politician)">Thomas Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_J._O%27Connell" title="Thomas J. O'Connell">Thomas J. O'Connell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Norton" title="William Norton">William Norton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brendan_Corish" title="Brendan Corish">Brendan Corish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Cluskey" title="Frank Cluskey">Frank Cluskey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_O%27Leary_(politician)" title="Michael O'Leary (politician)">Michael O'Leary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Spring" title="Dick Spring">Dick Spring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruairi_Quinn" title="Ruairi Quinn">Ruairi Quinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Rabbitte" title="Pat Rabbitte">Pat Rabbitte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eamon_Gilmore" title="Eamon Gilmore">Eamon Gilmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_Burton" title="Joan Burton">Joan Burton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brendan_Howlin" title="Brendan Howlin">Brendan Howlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Kelly_(politician)" title="Alan Kelly (politician)">Alan Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivana_Bacik" title="Ivana Bacik">Ivana Bacik</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#CC0000;color:white;">Deputy leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Tully_(Irish_politician)" title="James Tully (Irish politician)">James Tully</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_O%27Leary_(politician)" title="Michael O'Leary (politician)">Michael O'Leary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Desmond" title="Barry Desmond">Barry Desmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruairi_Quinn" title="Ruairi Quinn">Ruairi Quinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brendan_Howlin" title="Brendan Howlin">Brendan Howlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liz_McManus" title="Liz McManus">Liz McManus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_Burton" title="Joan Burton">Joan Burton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Kelly_(politician)" title="Alan Kelly (politician)">Alan Kelly</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#CC0000;color:white;"><a href="/wiki/Seanad_%C3%89ireann" title="Seanad Éireann">Seanad leaders</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Ferris_(politician)" title="Michael Ferris (politician)">Michael Ferris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Harte_(politician)" title="Jack Harte (politician)">Jack Harte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_O%27Sullivan" title="Jan O'Sullivan">Jan O'Sullivan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Costello_(politician)" title="Joe Costello (politician)">Joe Costello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brendan_Ryan_(Cork_politician)" title="Brendan Ryan (Cork politician)">Brendan Ryan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_White_(Irish_politician)" title="Alex White (Irish politician)">Alex White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phil_Prendergast" title="Phil Prendergast">Phil Prendergast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivana_Bacik" title="Ivana Bacik">Ivana Bacik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebecca_Moynihan" title="Rebecca Moynihan">Rebecca Moynihan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#CC0000;color:white;">Presidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proinsias_De_Rossa" title="Proinsias De Rossa">Proinsias De Rossa</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Michael D. Higgins</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#CC0000;color:white;;width:1%">Leadership elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1977_Labour_Party_leadership_election_(Ireland)" title="1977 Labour Party leadership election (Ireland)">1977 (Cluskey)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Labour_Party_leadership_election_(Ireland)" title="2014 Labour Party leadership election (Ireland)">2014 (Burton)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Labour_Party_leadership_election_(Ireland)" title="2016 Labour Party leadership election (Ireland)">2016 (Howlin)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Labour_Party_leadership_election_(Ireland)" title="2020 Labour Party leadership election (Ireland)">2020 (Kelly)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Labour_Party_leadership_election_(Ireland)" title="2022 Labour Party leadership election (Ireland)">2022 (Bacik)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#CC0000;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Labour_Party_(Ireland)" title="Category:Labour Party (Ireland)">Party structures</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Labour_Party_(Ireland)" title="Leader of the Labour Party (Ireland)">Leader of the Labour Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_Front_Bench_(Ireland)" title="Labour Party Front Bench (Ireland)">Labour Party Front Bench</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Youth" title="Labour Youth">Labour Youth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Women" title="Labour Women">Labour Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#CC0000;color:white;;width:1%">Presidential candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Robinson" title="Mary Robinson">Mary Robinson</a> (<a href="/wiki/1990_Irish_presidential_election" title="1990 Irish presidential election">1990</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adi_Roche" title="Adi Roche">Adi Roche</a> (<a href="/wiki/1997_Irish_presidential_election" title="1997 Irish presidential election">1997</a>)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Michael D. Higgins</a> (<a href="/wiki/2011_Irish_presidential_election" title="2011 Irish presidential election">2011</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#CC0000;color:white;;width:1%">Elected representatives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#CC0000;color:white;"><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1il_%C3%89ireann" title="Dáil Éireann">Dáil Éireann</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ciar%C3%A1n_Ahern" title="Ciarán Ahern">Ciarán Ahern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivana_Bacik" title="Ivana Bacik">Ivana Bacik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Kelly_(politician)" title="Alan Kelly (politician)">Alan Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eoghan_Kenny" title="Eoghan Kenny">Eoghan Kenny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Lawlor" title="George Lawlor">George Lawlor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ged_Nash" title="Ged Nash">Ged Nash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_O%27Donoghue" title="Robert O'Donoghue">Robert O'Donoghue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conor_Sheehan" title="Conor Sheehan">Conor Sheehan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Sherlock" title="Marie Sherlock">Marie Sherlock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duncan_Smith_(Irish_politician)" title="Duncan Smith (Irish politician)">Duncan Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Wall_(politician)" title="Mark Wall (politician)">Mark Wall</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#CC0000;color:white;"><a href="/wiki/Seanad_%C3%89ireann" title="Seanad Éireann">Seanad Éireann</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nessa_Cosgrove" title="Nessa Cosgrove">Nessa Cosgrove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laura_Harmon" title="Laura Harmon">Laura Harmon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#CC0000;color:white;"><a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aodh%C3%A1n_%C3%93_R%C3%ADord%C3%A1in" title="Aodhán Ó Ríordáin">Aodhán Ó Ríordáin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#CC0000;color:white;;width:1%">International affiliations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#CC0000;color:white;">European</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Party_of_European_Socialists" title="Party of European Socialists">Party of European Socialists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Alliance_of_Socialists_and_Democrats" title="Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats">Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#CC0000;color:white;">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Alliance_(political_international)" class="mw-redirect" title="Progressive Alliance (political international)">Progressive Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_International" title="Socialist International">Socialist International</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Party_of_European_Socialists236" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Party_of_European_Socialists" title="Template:Party of European Socialists"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Party_of_European_Socialists" title="Template talk:Party of European Socialists"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Party_of_European_Socialists" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Party of European Socialists"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Party_of_European_Socialists236" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Party_of_European_Socialists" title="Party of European Socialists">Party of European Socialists</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>European Parliament group: <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Alliance_of_Socialists_and_Democrats" title="Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats">Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Member states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria"><img alt="Austria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/15px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/30px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Austria" title="Social Democratic Party of Austria">SPÖ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium"><img alt="Belgium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Belgium.svg/13px-Flag_of_Belgium.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Belgium.svg/20px-Flag_of_Belgium.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Belgium.svg/26px-Flag_of_Belgium.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="780" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Parti_Socialiste_(Belgium)" class="mw-redirect" title="Parti Socialiste (Belgium)">PS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vooruit_(political_party)" title="Vooruit (political party)">V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria"><img alt="Bulgaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/15px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/30px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Socialist_Party" title="Bulgarian Socialist Party">BSP/БСП</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia"><img alt="Croatia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Croatia" title="Social Democratic Party of Croatia">SDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus"><img alt="Cyprus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/15px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/30px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Movement_for_Social_Democracy" class="mw-redirect" title="Movement for Social Democracy">EDEK/ΕΔΕΚ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic"><img alt="Czech Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Social_Democracy_(Czech_Republic)" title="Social Democracy (Czech Republic)">SOCDEM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark"><img alt="Denmark" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/15px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/23px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/30px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Social_Democrats_(Denmark)" title="Social Democrats (Denmark)">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia"><img alt="Estonia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(Estonia)" title="Social Democratic Party (Estonia)">SDE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland"><img alt="Finland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/15px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Finland" title="Social Democratic Party of Finland">SDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/15px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/30px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_(France)" title="Socialist Party (France)">PS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/15px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/30px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="Social Democratic Party of Germany">SPD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece"><img alt="Greece" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/15px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/30px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a> <a href="/wiki/PASOK_%E2%80%93_Movement_for_Change" title="PASOK – Movement for Change">PA.SO.K./ΠΑ.ΣΟ.Κ.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary"><img alt="Hungary" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/15px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/30px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Coalition_(Hungary)" title="Democratic Coalition (Hungary)">DK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Socialist_Party" title="Hungarian Socialist Party">MSZP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland"><img alt="Republic of Ireland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/15px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(Ireland)" title="Labour Party (Ireland)">Lab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/15px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/30px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(Italy)" title="Democratic Party (Italy)">PD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Socialist_Party_(2007)" title="Italian Socialist Party (2007)">PSI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia"><img alt="Latvia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_%22Harmony%22" title="Social Democratic Party "Harmony"">Saskaņa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania"><img alt="Lithuania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/15px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/30px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Lithuania" title="Social Democratic Party of Lithuania">LSDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg"><img alt="Luxembourg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/15px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/30px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_Socialist_Workers%27_Party" title="Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party">LSAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta"><img alt="Malta" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/15px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/30px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(Malta)" title="Labour Party (Malta)">PL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands"><img alt="Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(Netherlands)" title="Labour Party (Netherlands)">PvdA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland"><img alt="Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/15px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/New_Left_(Poland)" title="New Left (Poland)">NL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal"><img alt="Portugal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/15px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/30px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_(Portugal)" title="Socialist Party (Portugal)">PS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania"><img alt="Romania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/15px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/30px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(Romania)" title="Social Democratic Party (Romania)">PSD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia"><img alt="Slovakia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Direction_%E2%80%93_Social_Democracy" title="Direction – Social Democracy">SMER-SD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia"><img alt="Slovenia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Social_Democrats_(Slovenia)" title="Social Democrats (Slovenia)">SD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/15px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/30px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Socialist_Workers%27_Party" title="Spanish Socialist Workers' Party">PSOE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden"><img alt="Sweden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/15px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/30px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Social_Democratic_Party" title="Swedish Social Democratic Party">SAP</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Member parties (non-EU)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway"><img alt="Norway" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/15px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/23px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/30px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(Norway)" title="Labour Party (Norway)">AP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Lab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_and_Labour_Party" title="Social Democratic and Labour Party">SDLP</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Associated parties (EU)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria"><img alt="Bulgaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/15px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/30px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Party_of_Bulgarian_Social_Democrats" title="Party of Bulgarian Social Democrats">PBSD/БСДП</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia"><img alt="Slovakia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Voice_-_Social_Democracy" class="mw-redirect" title="Voice - Social Democracy">Hlas-SD</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Associated parties (non-EU)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania"><img alt="Albania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/15px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/30px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_Albania" title="Socialist Party of Albania">PS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina"><img alt="Bosnia and Herzegovina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/15px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/30px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(Bosnia_and_Herzegovina)" class="mw-redirect" title="Social Democratic Party (Bosnia and Herzegovina)">SDP BiH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland"><img alt="Iceland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/15px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="900" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Alliance" title="Social Democratic Alliance">S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo"><img alt="Kosovo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/15px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/30px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="840" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Vet%C3%ABvendosje" title="Vetëvendosje">VV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro"><img alt="Montenegro" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/15px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/23px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/30px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Socialists_of_Montenegro" title="Democratic Party of Socialists of Montenegro">DPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Montenegro" title="Social Democratic Party of Montenegro">SDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia"><img alt="North Macedonia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/15px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/30px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Union_of_Macedonia" title="Social Democratic Union of Macedonia">SDSM/СДСМ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia"><img alt="Serbia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(Serbia)" title="Democratic Party (Serbia)">DS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland"><img alt="Switzerland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/11px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/17px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Switzerland" title="Social Democratic Party of Switzerland">SP/PS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey"><img alt="Turkey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/15px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/30px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Republican_People%27s_Party" title="Republican People's Party">CHP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peoples%27_Democratic_Party_(Turkey)" title="Peoples' Democratic Party (Turkey)">HDP</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Observer parties (EU)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia"><img alt="Latvia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Latvian_Social_Democratic_Workers%27_Party" title="Latvian Social Democratic Workers' Party">LSDSP</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Observer parties (non-EU)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra"><img alt="Andorra" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Andorra.svg/15px-Flag_of_Andorra.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Andorra.svg/23px-Flag_of_Andorra.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Andorra.svg/30px-Flag_of_Andorra.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(Andorra)" title="Social Democratic Party (Andorra)">PS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia"><img alt="Armenia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Revolutionary_Federation" title="Armenian Revolutionary Federation">ARF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt"><img alt="Egypt" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/15px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/30px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Social_Democratic_Party" title="Egyptian Social Democratic Party">ESDP/الديمقراطي</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel"><img alt="Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/15px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/23px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/30px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/The_Democrats_(Israel)" title="The Democrats (Israel)">Dem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova"><img alt="Moldova" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/15px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/23px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/30px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="900" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Moldova" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Party of Moldova">PDM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco"><img alt="Morocco" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/15px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/23px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/30px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Union_of_Popular_Forces" title="Socialist Union of Popular Forces">USPT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Cyprus" title="Northern Cyprus"><img alt="Northern Cyprus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Flag_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Flag_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Flag_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Republican_Turkish_Party" title="Republican Turkish Party">CTP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine" title="Palestine"><img alt="Palestine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/15px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/30px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Fatah" title="Fatah">Fatah/فتح</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Marino" title="San Marino"><img alt="San Marino" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_San_Marino.svg/15px-Flag_of_San_Marino.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_San_Marino.svg/23px-Flag_of_San_Marino.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_San_Marino.svg/30px-Flag_of_San_Marino.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Party_of_Socialists_and_Democrats" title="Party of Socialists and Democrats">PSD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia"><img alt="Serbia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Party_of_Freedom_and_Justice" title="Party of Freedom and Justice">SSP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia"><img alt="Tunisia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Forum_for_Labour_and_Liberties" title="Democratic Forum for Labour and Liberties">FDTL</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former observer parties (non-EU)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)"><img alt="Georgia (country)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Georgian_Dream" title="Georgian Dream">GD</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Presidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilhelm_Dr%C3%B6scher&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wilhelm Dröscher (page does not exist)">Wilhelm Dröscher</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Pontillon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Pontillon (page does not exist)">Robert Pontillon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joop_den_Uyl" title="Joop den Uyl">Joop den Uyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%ADtor_Const%C3%A2ncio" title="Vítor Constâncio">Vítor Constâncio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guy_Spitaels" title="Guy Spitaels">Guy Spitaels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willy_Claes" title="Willy Claes">Willy Claes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Scharping" title="Rudolf Scharping">Rudolf Scharping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robin_Cook" title="Robin Cook">Robin Cook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poul_Nyrup_Rasmussen" title="Poul Nyrup Rasmussen">Poul Nyrup Rasmussen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergey_Stanishev" title="Sergey Stanishev">Sergey Stanishev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stefan_L%C3%B6fven" title="Stefan Löfven">Stefan Löfven</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Leaders in the European Parliament</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guy_Mollet" title="Guy Mollet">Guy Mollet</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hendrik_Fayat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hendrik Fayat (page does not exist)">Hendrik Fayat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_Lapie_(politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pierre Lapie (politician) (page does not exist)">Pierre Lapie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willi_Birkelbach" title="Willi Birkelbach">Willi Birkelbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%A4te_Strobel" title="Käte Strobel">Käte Strobel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Vals&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francis Vals (page does not exist)">Francis Vals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Sp%C3%A9nale" title="Georges Spénale">Georges Spénale</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludwig_Sp%C3%A9nale&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ludwig Spénale (page does not exist)">Ludwig Spénale</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ernest_Glinne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ernest Glinne (page does not exist)">Ernest Glinne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudi_Arndt" title="Rudi Arndt">Rudi Arndt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Cot" title="Jean-Pierre Cot">Jean-Pierre Cot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pauline_Green" title="Pauline Green">Pauline Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enrique_Bar%C3%B3n" title="Enrique Barón">Enrique Barón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Schulz" title="Martin Schulz">Martin Schulz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannes_Swoboda" title="Hannes Swoboda">Hannes Swoboda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gianni_Pittella" title="Gianni Pittella">Gianni Pittella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udo_Bullmann" title="Udo Bullmann">Udo Bullmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iratxe_Garc%C3%ADa" title="Iratxe García">Iratxe García</a></li></ul> <hr /> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">European Commissioners (2024–2029)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glenn_Micallef" title="Glenn Micallef">Glenn Micallef</a> (Intergenerational Fairness, Youth, Culture, and Sport)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_J%C3%B8rgensen" title="Dan Jørgensen">Dan Jørgensen</a> (Energy and Housing)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roxana_M%C3%AEnzatu" title="Roxana Mînzatu">Roxana Mînzatu</a> (Executive VP for Skills, Education and Culture, Quality Jobs, and Social Rights)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teresa_Ribera" title="Teresa Ribera">Teresa Ribera</a> (Executive VP for Clean, Just and Competitive Transition)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maro%C5%A1_%C5%A0ef%C4%8Dovi%C4%8D" title="Maroš Šefčovič">Maroš Šefčovič</a> (Trade and Economic Security, Interinstitutional Relations, and Transparency)</li> <li>see <a href="/wiki/Von_der_Leyen_Commission_II" title="Von der Leyen Commission II">Von der Leyen Commission II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Heads of government</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Olaf_Scholz" title="Olaf Scholz">Olaf Scholz</a> (Germany)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mette_Frederiksen" title="Mette Frederiksen">Mette Frederiksen</a> (Denmark)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Abela" title="Robert Abela">Robert Abela</a> (Malta)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_S%C3%A1nchez" title="Pedro Sánchez">Pedro Sánchez</a> (Spain)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keir_Starmer" title="Keir Starmer">Keir Starmer</a> (United Kingdom)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Heads of state</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frank-Walter_Steinmeier" title="Frank-Walter Steinmeier">Frank-Walter Steinmeier</a> (Germany)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Vella" title="George Vella">George Vella</a> (Malta)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Michael D. Higgins</a> (Ireland)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoran_Milanovi%C4%87" title="Zoran Milanović">Zoran Milanović</a> (Croatia)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q57276#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1434" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q57276#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1434" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q57276#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000078839720">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/267068070">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1517182/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJj8Tr4BdXwRxmKwCyVcT3">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/136690122">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n94055998">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jx20100407008&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p341417092">Netherlands</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/4c6f942b-503e-46fe-baf0-711a659b648b">MusicBrainz</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/147413613">IdRef</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Michael_D._Higgins&oldid=1276062194">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Michael_D._Higgins&oldid=1276062194</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Michael_D._Higgins" title="Category:Michael D. 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