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class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="用户菜单" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=zh-hans"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E6%80%A7%E8%90%BD%E4%B8%8B%E7%81%B0" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E6%80%A7%E8%90%BD%E4%B8%8B%E7%81%B0" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-种类" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#种类"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>种类</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-种类-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关种类子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-种类-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-全球范围" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#全球范围"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>全球范围</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-全球范围-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-当地" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#当地"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>当地</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-当地-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-影响因素" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#影响因素"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>影响因素</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-影响因素-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关影响因素子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-影响因素-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-爆炸方式" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#爆炸方式"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>爆炸方式</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-爆炸方式-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-气象条件" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#气象条件"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>气象条件</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-气象条件-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-效果" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#效果"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>效果</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-效果-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关效果子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-效果-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-短期" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#短期"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>短期</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-短期-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-长期" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#长期"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>长期</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-长期-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-核反应堆事故" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#核反应堆事故"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>核反应堆事故</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-核反应堆事故-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-防护" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#防护"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>防护</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-防护-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参见" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参见"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>参见</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参见-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>参考</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-延伸阅读" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#延伸阅读"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>延伸阅读</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-延伸阅读-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">放射性落下灰</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。35种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-35" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">35种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%82%D8%B7_%D9%86%D9%88%D9%88%D9%8A" title="سقط نووي – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سقط نووي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiasiya_ekologiyas%C4%B1" title="Radiasiya ekologiyası – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Radiasiya ekologiyası" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%9E%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Радыеактыўнае забруджванне – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Радыеактыўнае забруджванне" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluja_radioactiva" title="Pluja radioactiva – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Pluja radioactiva" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alldafliad_niwclear" title="Alldafliad niwclear – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Alldafliad niwclear" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioaktivt_nedfald" title="Radioaktivt nedfald – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Radioaktivt nedfald" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioaktiver_Niederschlag" title="Radioaktiver Niederschlag – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Radioaktiver Niederschlag" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_fallout" title="Nuclear fallout – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Nuclear fallout" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lluvia_radiactiva" title="Lluvia radiactiva – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Lluvia radiactiva" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euri_erradioaktibo" title="Euri erradioaktibo – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Euri erradioaktibo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B4_%D9%87%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C" title="بارش هسته‌ای – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بارش هسته‌ای" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioaktiivinen_laskeuma" title="Radioaktiivinen laskeuma – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Radioaktiivinen laskeuma" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retomb%C3%A9e_radioactive" title="Retombée radioactive – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Retombée radioactive" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radachur_rada%C3%ADghn%C3%ADomhach" title="Radachur radaíghníomhach – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Radachur radaíghníomhach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%AA_%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA" title="נשורת גרעינית – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="נשורת גרעינית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%83%D5%A1%D5%BC%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%A9%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%BF%D5%B8%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Ճառագայթային աղտոտում – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ճառագայթային աղտոտում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luruhan_nuklir" title="Luruhan nuklir – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Luruhan nuklir" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekfalajo" title="Ekfalajo – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Ekfalajo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ricaduta_radioattiva" title="Ricaduta radioattiva – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ricaduta radioattiva" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E6%80%A7%E9%99%8D%E4%B8%8B%E7%89%A9" title="放射性降下物 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="放射性降下物" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D1%82%D1%96_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83" title="Радиоактивті залалдану – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Радиоактивті залалдану" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%82%99%EC%A7%84" title="낙진 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="낙진" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luruhan_nuklear" title="Luruhan nuklear – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Luruhan nuklear" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fall-out" title="Fall-out – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Fall-out" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioaktivt_nedfall" title="Radioaktivt nedfall – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Radioaktivt nedfall" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%ADvol_radioactiva" title="Nívol radioactiva – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Nívol radioactiva" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opad_promieniotw%C3%B3rczy" title="Opad promieniotwórczy – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Opad promieniotwórczy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinza_nuclear" title="Cinza nuclear – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cinza nuclear" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aba_proja_radioativa" title="Aba proja radioativa – 萨丁语" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Aba proja radioativa" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="萨丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_fallout" title="Nuclear fallout – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Nuclear fallout" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Нуклеарне падавине – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Нуклеарне падавине" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioaktivt_nedfall" title="Radioaktivt nedfall – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Radioaktivt nedfall" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9D%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="ฝุ่นรังสีนิวเคลียร์ – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ฝุ่นรังสีนิวเคลียร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%BCkleer_serpinti" title="Nükleer serpinti – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Nükleer serpinti" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Радіоактивне зараження – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Радіоактивне зараження" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> 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class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84833064">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E4%B9%89" title="Wikipedia:消歧义"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/25px-Disambig_gray.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/38px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/50px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="168" /></a></span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r74069148">body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .ifmobile>.mobile{display:none}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .ifmobile>.nomobile{display:inherit;display:initial}</style><span class="ifmobile"><span class="nomobile">  </span><span class="mobile"></span></span>此條目介紹的是放射性汙染的一種。关于Fallout的其他意義，请见「<b><a href="/wiki/Fallout_(%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E7%BE%A9)" class="mw-disambig" title="Fallout (消歧義)">Fallout (消歧義)</a></b>」。</div> <p><b>放射性落下灰</b>，也称<b>放射性沉降物</b>、<b>放射性落塵</b>、<b>輻射落塵</b>或<b>原子尘</b>，是核弹爆炸或核反应堆泄漏后从天而降的放射性尘埃，含有大量放射性元素，是一种<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E6%80%A7%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93" title="放射性污染">放射性污染</a>。核弹爆炸产生的辐射尘中含有大量半衰期很短的放射性元素，相当致命，动物表皮沾染后可引起皮肤<a href="/wiki/%CE%92%E5%B0%84%E7%BA%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="Β射线">β射线</a>损伤，进而可以导致整条<a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9F%E7%89%A9%E9%93%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="食物链">食物链</a>的污染。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="种类"><span id=".E7.A7.8D.E7.B1.BB"></span>种类</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E6%80%A7%E8%90%BD%E4%B8%8B%E7%81%B0&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：种类"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="全球范围"><span id=".E5.85.A8.E7.90.83.E8.8C.83.E5.9B.B4"></span>全球范围</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span 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.sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-subgroup,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-pretitle,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-heading,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-above,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-below{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-color:#54595d!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar a:not(.new):not(.mw-selflink):link{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks hlist" style="width:"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%A7%84%E6%A8%A1%E6%9D%80%E4%BC%A4%E6%80%A7%E6%AD%A6%E5%99%A8" title="大规模杀伤性武器">大规模杀伤性武器</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:WMD_world_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/WMD_world_map.svg/220px-WMD_world_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/WMD_world_map.svg/330px-WMD_world_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/WMD_world_map.svg/440px-WMD_world_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1297" data-file-height="601" /></a></span><div class="sidebar-caption">大規模殺傷性武器標誌<br />（依次为<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E6%AD%A6%E5%99%A8" title="核武器">放射性</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E6%AD%A6%E5%99%A8" title="生物武器">感染性</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E6%AD%A6%E5%99%A8" title="化学武器">毒性</a>标志）</div></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:lightsteelblue;"> 種類</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.15em 0.1em 0.6em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E6%AD%A6%E5%99%A8" title="生物武器">生物武器</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%A6%E5%99%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="化學武器">化學武器</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E6%AD%A6%E5%99%A8" title="核武器">核武器</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E6%80%A7%E6%AD%A6%E5%99%A8" title="放射性武器">放射性武器</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:lightsteelblue;"> 政治实体</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.15em 0.1em 0.6em;"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="阿尔巴尼亚与大规模杀伤性武器" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Albania and weapons of mass destruction"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E4%B8%8E%E5%A4%A7%E8%A7%84%E6%A8%A1%E6%9D%80%E4%BC%A4%E6%80%A7%E6%AD%A6%E5%99%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿尔巴尼亚与大规模杀伤性武器（页面不存在）">阿尔巴尼亚</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albania_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" class="extiw" title="en:Albania and weapons of mass destruction"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Albania and weapons of mass destruction</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%8F%8A%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E4%B8%8E%E5%A4%A7%E8%A7%84%E6%A8%A1%E6%9D%80%E4%BC%A4%E6%80%A7%E6%AD%A6%E5%99%A8" title="阿尔及利亚与大规模杀伤性武器">阿尔及利亚</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="阿根廷与大规模杀伤性武器" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Argentina and weapons of mass destruction"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E6%A0%B9%E5%BB%B7%E4%B8%8E%E5%A4%A7%E8%A7%84%E6%A8%A1%E6%9D%80%E4%BC%A4%E6%80%A7%E6%AD%A6%E5%99%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿根廷与大规模杀伤性武器（页面不存在）">阿根廷</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" class="extiw" title="en:Argentina and weapons of mass destruction"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Argentina and weapons of mass destruction</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="澳大利亚與大規模殺傷性武器" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Australia and weapons of mass destruction"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BE%B3%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E8%88%87%E5%A4%A7%E8%A6%8F%E6%A8%A1%E6%AE%BA%E5%82%B7%E6%80%A7%E6%AD%A6%E5%99%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="澳大利亚與大規模殺傷性武器（页面不存在）">澳大利亚</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" class="extiw" title="en:Australia and weapons of mass destruction"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Australia and weapons of mass destruction</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="巴基斯坦與大規模殺傷性武器" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Pakistan and weapons of mass destruction"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E5%9F%BA%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E8%88%87%E5%A4%A7%E8%A6%8F%E6%A8%A1%E6%AE%BA%E5%82%B7%E6%80%A7%E6%AD%A6%E5%99%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="巴基斯坦與大規模殺傷性武器（页面不存在）">巴基斯坦</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" class="extiw" title="en:Pakistan and weapons of mass destruction"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Pakistan and weapons of mass destruction</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="巴西與大規模殺傷性武器" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Brazil and weapons of mass destruction"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%E8%88%87%E5%A4%A7%E8%A6%8F%E6%A8%A1%E6%AE%BA%E5%82%B7%E6%80%A7%E6%AD%A6%E5%99%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="巴西與大規模殺傷性武器（页面不存在）">巴西</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" class="extiw" title="en:Brazil and weapons of mass destruction"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Brazil and weapons of mass destruction</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD%E8%88%87%E5%A4%A7%E8%A6%8F%E6%A8%A1%E6%AE%BA%E5%82%B7%E6%80%A7%E6%AD%A6%E5%99%A8" title="波蘭與大規模殺傷性武器">波蘭</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="保加利亞與大規模殺傷性武器" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Bulgaria and weapons of mass destruction"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E8%88%87%E5%A4%A7%E8%A6%8F%E6%A8%A1%E6%AE%BA%E5%82%B7%E6%80%A7%E6%AD%A6%E5%99%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="保加利亞與大規模殺傷性武器（页面不存在）">保加利亞</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" class="extiw" title="en:Bulgaria and weapons of mass destruction"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Bulgaria and weapons of mass destruction</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E4%B8%8E%E5%A4%A7%E8%A7%84%E6%A8%A1%E6%9D%80%E4%BC%A4%E6%80%A7%E6%AD%A6%E5%99%A8" title="朝鲜与大规模杀伤性武器">朝鮮</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E8%88%87%E5%A4%A7%E8%A6%8F%E6%A8%A1%E6%AE%BA%E5%82%B7%E6%80%A7%E6%AD%A6%E5%99%A8" title="俄羅斯與大規模殺傷性武器">俄羅斯</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="菲律宾與大規模殺傷性武器" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Philippines and weapons of mass destruction"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8F%B2%E5%BE%8B%E5%AE%BE%E8%88%87%E5%A4%A7%E8%A6%8F%E6%A8%A1%E6%AE%BA%E5%82%B7%E6%80%A7%E6%AD%A6%E5%99%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="菲律宾與大規模殺傷性武器（页面不存在）">菲律宾</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippines_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" class="extiw" title="en:Philippines and weapons of mass destruction"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Philippines and weapons of mass destruction</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%8B%89%E5%85%8B%E8%88%87%E5%A4%A7%E8%A6%8F%E6%A8%A1%E6%AE%BA%E5%82%B7%E6%80%A7%E6%AD%A6%E5%99%A8" title="伊拉克與大規模殺傷性武器">伊拉克</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B7%AC%E7%94%B8%E8%88%87%E5%A4%A7%E8%A6%8F%E6%A8%A1%E6%AE%BA%E5%82%B7%E6%80%A7%E6%AD%A6%E5%99%A8" title="緬甸與大規模殺傷性武器">緬甸</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="墨西哥與大規模殺傷性武器" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Mexico and weapons of mass destruction"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A2%A8%E8%A5%BF%E5%93%A5%E8%88%87%E5%A4%A7%E8%A6%8F%E6%A8%A1%E6%AE%BA%E5%82%B7%E6%80%A7%E6%AD%A6%E5%99%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="墨西哥與大規模殺傷性武器（页面不存在）">墨西哥</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexico_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" class="extiw" title="en:Mexico and weapons of mass destruction"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Mexico and weapons of mass destruction</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E8%88%87%E5%A4%A7%E8%A6%8F%E6%A8%A1%E6%AE%BA%E5%82%B7%E6%80%A7%E6%AD%A6%E5%99%A8" title="美國與大規模殺傷性武器">美國</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E8%88%87%E5%A4%A7%E8%A6%8F%E6%A8%A1%E6%AE%BA%E5%82%B7%E6%80%A7%E6%AD%A6%E5%99%A8" title="法國與大規模殺傷性武器">法國</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="德國與大規模殺傷性武器" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Germany and weapons of mass destruction"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B%E8%88%87%E5%A4%A7%E8%A6%8F%E6%A8%A1%E6%AE%BA%E5%82%B7%E6%80%A7%E6%AD%A6%E5%99%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="德國與大規模殺傷性武器（页面不存在）">德國</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" class="extiw" title="en:Germany and weapons of mass destruction"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Germany and weapons of mass destruction</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%93%E5%9C%8B%E6%A0%B8%E5%AD%90%E6%AD%A6%E5%99%A8%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BC%E8%A8%88%E7%95%AB" title="韓國核子武器開發計畫">韓國</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="荷蘭與大規模殺傷性武器" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Netherlands and weapons of mass destruction"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E8%88%87%E5%A4%A7%E8%A6%8F%E6%A8%A1%E6%AE%BA%E5%82%B7%E6%80%A7%E6%AD%A6%E5%99%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="荷蘭與大規模殺傷性武器（页面不存在）">荷蘭</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherlands_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" class="extiw" title="en:Netherlands and weapons of mass destruction"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Netherlands and weapons of mass destruction</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="南非與大規模殺傷性武器" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="South Africa and weapons of mass destruction"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%97%E9%9D%9E%E8%88%87%E5%A4%A7%E8%A6%8F%E6%A8%A1%E6%AE%BA%E5%82%B7%E6%80%A7%E6%AD%A6%E5%99%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="南非與大規模殺傷性武器（页面不存在）">南非</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africa_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" class="extiw" title="en:South Africa and weapons of mass destruction"><span lang="en" dir="auto">South Africa and weapons of mass destruction</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="利比亞與大規模殺傷性武器" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Libya and weapons of mass destruction"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%88%A9%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9E%E8%88%87%E5%A4%A7%E8%A6%8F%E6%A8%A1%E6%AE%BA%E5%82%B7%E6%80%A7%E6%AD%A6%E5%99%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="利比亞與大規模殺傷性武器（页面不存在）">利比亞</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libya_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" class="extiw" title="en:Libya and weapons of mass destruction"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Libya and weapons of mass destruction</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="羅馬尼亞與大規模殺傷性武器" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Romania and weapons of mass destruction"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E8%88%87%E5%A4%A7%E8%A6%8F%E6%A8%A1%E6%AE%BA%E5%82%B7%E6%80%A7%E6%AD%A6%E5%99%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="羅馬尼亞與大規模殺傷性武器（页面不存在）">羅馬尼亞</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romania_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" class="extiw" title="en:Romania and weapons of mass destruction"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Romania and weapons of mass destruction</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7%E8%88%87%E5%A4%A7%E8%A6%8F%E6%A8%A1%E6%AE%BA%E5%82%B7%E6%80%A7%E6%AD%A6%E5%99%A8" title="加拿大與大規模殺傷性武器">加拿大</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="敘利亞與大規模殺傷性武器" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Syria and weapons of mass destruction"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%98%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E8%88%87%E5%A4%A7%E8%A6%8F%E6%A8%A1%E6%AE%BA%E5%82%B7%E6%80%A7%E6%AD%A6%E5%99%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="敘利亞與大規模殺傷性武器（页面不存在）">敘利亞</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" class="extiw" title="en:Syria and weapons of mass destruction"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Syria and weapons of mass destruction</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E7%83%8F%E5%9C%B0%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E8%88%87%E5%A4%A7%E8%A6%8F%E6%A8%A1%E6%AE%BA%E5%82%B7%E6%80%A7%E6%AD%A6%E5%99%A8" title="沙烏地阿拉伯與大規模殺傷性武器">沙烏地阿拉伯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E4%B8%8E%E5%A4%A7%E8%A7%84%E6%A8%A1%E6%9D%80%E4%BC%A4%E6%80%A7%E6%AD%A6%E5%99%A8" title="日本与大规模杀伤性武器">日本</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="烏克蘭與大規模殺傷性武器" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Nuclear weapons and Ukraine"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%83%8F%E5%85%8B%E8%98%AD%E8%88%87%E5%A4%A7%E8%A6%8F%E6%A8%A1%E6%AE%BA%E5%82%B7%E6%80%A7%E6%AD%A6%E5%99%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="烏克蘭與大規模殺傷性武器（页面不存在）">烏克蘭</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_weapons_and_Ukraine" class="extiw" title="en:Nuclear weapons and Ukraine"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Nuclear weapons and Ukraine</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="瑞典與大規模殺傷性武器" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sweden and weapons of mass destruction"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%91%9E%E5%85%B8%E8%88%87%E5%A4%A7%E8%A6%8F%E6%A8%A1%E6%AE%BA%E5%82%B7%E6%80%A7%E6%AD%A6%E5%99%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="瑞典與大規模殺傷性武器（页面不存在）">瑞典</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweden_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" class="extiw" title="en:Sweden and weapons of mass destruction"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sweden and weapons of mass destruction</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%8B%89%E5%85%8B%E8%88%87%E5%A4%A7%E8%A6%8F%E6%A8%A1%E6%AE%BA%E5%82%B7%E6%80%A7%E6%AD%A6%E5%99%A8" title="伊拉克與大規模殺傷性武器">伊拉克</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="伊朗與大規模殺傷性武器" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Iran and weapons of mass destruction"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%97%E8%88%87%E5%A4%A7%E8%A6%8F%E6%A8%A1%E6%AE%BA%E5%82%B7%E6%80%A7%E6%AD%A6%E5%99%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊朗與大規模殺傷性武器（页面不存在）">伊朗</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" class="extiw" title="en:Iran and weapons of mass destruction"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Iran and weapons of mass destruction</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E8%88%87%E5%A4%A7%E8%A6%8F%E6%A8%A1%E6%AE%BA%E5%82%B7%E6%80%A7%E6%AD%A6%E5%99%A8" title="以色列與大規模殺傷性武器">以色列</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E8%88%87%E5%A4%A7%E8%A6%8F%E6%A8%A1%E6%AE%BA%E5%82%B7%E6%80%A7%E6%AD%A6%E5%99%A8" title="印度與大規模殺傷性武器">印度</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B%E8%88%87%E5%A4%A7%E8%A6%8F%E6%A8%A1%E6%AE%BA%E5%82%B7%E6%80%A7%E6%AD%A6%E5%99%A8" title="英國與大規模殺傷性武器">英國</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B%E8%88%87%E5%A4%A7%E8%A6%8F%E6%A8%A1%E6%AE%BA%E5%82%B7%E6%80%A7%E6%AD%A6%E5%99%A8" title="中華人民共和國與大規模殺傷性武器">中华人民共和国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E8%88%87%E5%A4%A7%E8%A6%8F%E6%A8%A1%E6%AE%BA%E5%82%B7%E6%80%A7%E6%AD%A6%E5%99%A8" title="中華民國與大規模殺傷性武器">中華民國</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:lightsteelblue;"> 散佈</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.15em 0.1em 0.6em;"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="化學武器擴散" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Chemical weapon proliferation"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%A6%E5%99%A8%E6%93%B4%E6%95%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="化學武器擴散（页面不存在）">化學武器擴散</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_weapon_proliferation" class="extiw" title="en:Chemical weapon proliferation"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Chemical weapon proliferation</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E6%AD%A6%E5%99%A8%E6%93%B4%E6%95%A3" title="核武器擴散">核武器擴散</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%BC%E5%BC%B9" title="导弹">飛彈技術</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:lightsteelblue;"> 條約</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.15em 0.1em 0.6em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E9%9D%A2%E7%A6%81%E6%AD%A2%E6%A0%B8%E8%AF%95%E9%AA%8C%E6%9D%A1%E7%BA%A6" title="全面禁止核试验条约">全面禁止核试验条约</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%81%E6%AD%A2%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E6%AD%A6%E5%99%A8%E5%85%AC%E7%BA%A6" title="禁止化学武器公约">禁止化学武器公约</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%81%E6%AD%A2%E5%9C%A8%E6%B5%B7%E5%BA%8A%E6%B4%8B%E5%BA%95%E5%8F%8A%E5%85%B6%E5%BA%95%E5%9C%9F%E5%AE%89%E7%BD%AE%E6%A0%B8%E6%AD%A6%E5%99%A8%E5%92%8C%E5%85%B6%E4%BB%96%E5%A4%A7%E8%A7%84%E6%A8%A1%E6%AF%81%E7%81%AD%E6%80%A7%E6%AD%A6%E5%99%A8%E6%9D%A1%E7%BA%A6" title="禁止在海床洋底及其底土安置核武器和其他大规模毁灭性武器条约">海底武器控制條約</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E5%85%A7%E7%93%A6%E5%85%AC%E7%B4%84" class="mw-redirect" title="日內瓦公約">日內瓦公約</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%A6%8F%E6%A8%A1%E6%AE%BA%E5%82%B7%E6%80%A7%E6%AD%A6%E5%99%A8%E6%A2%9D%E7%B4%84%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="大規模殺傷性武器條約列表">其他相關條約列表</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="border-top:2px solid lightsteelblue;padding:0.2em 0.1em 0.35em;border-bottom:2px solid lightsteelblue;"> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="维基百科图书"><img alt="维基百科图书" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Symbol_book_class2.svg/16px-Symbol_book_class2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Symbol_book_class2.svg/23px-Symbol_book_class2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Symbol_book_class2.svg/31px-Symbol_book_class2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Book:大規模殺傷性武器" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Book:Weapons of mass destruction"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Book:%E5%A4%A7%E8%A6%8F%E6%A8%A1%E6%AE%BA%E5%82%B7%E6%80%A7%E6%AD%A6%E5%99%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Book:大規模殺傷性武器（页面不存在）">書籍</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book:Weapons_of_mass_destruction" class="extiw" title="en:Book:Weapons of mass destruction"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Book:Weapons of mass destruction</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="分类"><img alt="分类" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%A4%A7%E8%A7%84%E6%A8%A1%E6%9D%80%E4%BC%A4%E6%80%A7%E6%AD%A6%E5%99%A8" title="Category:大规模杀伤性武器">分類</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="line-height:1.6"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:110%;margin:0 8em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:110%;margin:0 5em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%A4%A7%E8%A7%84%E6%A8%A1%E6%9D%80%E4%BC%A4%E6%80%A7%E6%AD%A6%E5%99%A8" title="Template:大规模杀伤性武器"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E5%A4%A7%E8%A7%84%E6%A8%A1%E6%9D%80%E4%BC%A4%E6%80%A7%E6%AD%A6%E5%99%A8" title="Template talk:大规模杀伤性武器"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E5%A4%A7%E8%A7%84%E6%A8%A1%E6%9D%80%E4%BC%A4%E6%80%A7%E6%AD%A6%E5%99%A8" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:大规模杀伤性武器"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>核武器<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A9%BA%E7%88%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="空爆（页面不存在）">空爆</a>后所产生的烟云中含有<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E6%80%A7%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="放射性粒子（页面不存在）">放射性粒子</a>，在风和重力的作用下，边降落边向下风方向飘移。其中较重的粒子在数分钟内即开始降落，24小时内降落在爆区下风方向数百千米的范围内，造成近区沾染；较轻的粒子，在几十小时至几天内降落到下风方向更远的地面，造成远区沾染；而<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E8%83%BD%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A" title="美国原子能委员会">美国原子能委员会</a>认为，更轻的粒子随风飘移甚至可以环绕地球，经数日、数月，乃至数年后方能降落到地面，造成全球性沾染。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="当地"><span id=".E5.BD.93.E5.9C.B0"></span>当地</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E6%80%A7%E8%90%BD%E4%B8%8B%E7%81%B0&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：当地"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bravo_fallout2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Bravo_fallout2.png/220px-Bravo_fallout2.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Bravo_fallout2.png/330px-Bravo_fallout2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Bravo_fallout2.png/440px-Bravo_fallout2.png 2x" data-file-width="928" data-file-height="422" /></a><figcaption>美国<a href="/w/index.php?title=Castle_Bravo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Castle Bravo（页面不存在）">Castle Bravo</a>核爆后的落下灰分布图</figcaption></figure> <p>核武器在地表或水面爆炸後，大量的泥土或水会被火球的高温所<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%BD%E5%8C%96" title="汽化">汽化</a>，并被带入放射性烟云中。当这些物质与可裂变物质或与其他<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%90" title="中子">中子</a>已活化的放射性污染物浓缩时，会具有放射性。在下表中的许多<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%B4%A0" title="同位素">同位素</a>会<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E6%80%A7%E8%A1%B0%E8%AE%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="放射性衰變">衰变</a>成为人们所熟知的其他同位素。 </p> <table class="wikitable" width="35%"> <caption>同位素形成固体的相对能力表<br />（根据 <span lang="en">T. Imanaka <i>et al.</i></span>） </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>同位素</th> <th>耐受指数 </th></tr> <tr> <th><sup>91</sup>Sr </th> <td>0.2 </td></tr> <tr> <th><sup>92</sup>Sr </th> <td>1.0 </td></tr> <tr> <th><sup>95</sup>Zr </th> <td>1.0 </td></tr> <tr> <th><sup>99</sup>Mo </th> <td>1.0 </td></tr> <tr> <th><sup>106</sup>Ru </th> <td>0.0 </td></tr> <tr> <th><sup>131</sup>Sb </th> <td>0.1 </td></tr> <tr> <th><sup>132</sup>Te </th> <td>0.0 </td></tr> <tr> <th><sup>134</sup>Te </th> <td>0.0 </td></tr> <tr> <th><sup>137</sup>Cs </th> <td>0.0 </td></tr> <tr> <th><sup>140</sup>Ba </th> <td>0.3 </td></tr> <tr> <th><sup>141</sup>La </th> <td>0.7 </td></tr> <tr> <th><sup>144</sup>Ce </th> <td>1.0 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="影响因素"><span id=".E5.BD.B1.E5.93.8D.E5.9B.A0.E7.B4.A0"></span>影响因素</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E6%80%A7%E8%90%BD%E4%B8%8B%E7%81%B0&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：影响因素"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="爆炸方式"><span id=".E7.88.86.E7.82.B8.E6.96.B9.E5.BC.8F"></span>爆炸方式</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E6%80%A7%E8%90%BD%E4%B8%8B%E7%81%B0&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：爆炸方式"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>爆炸的位置主要是两种：空中和表面。当核武器在空中爆炸时的谓之<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A9%BA%E7%88%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="空爆（页面不存在）">空爆</a>，与地表爆炸相比，其产生的放射性沉降物会相对少一些。在半地面方式下爆炸，还会产生一种附加效应，即所谓“<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%BA%E6%B5%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="基浪（页面不存在）">基浪</a>”（<span lang="en">base surge</span>）。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="气象条件"><span id=".E6.B0.94.E8.B1.A1.E6.9D.A1.E4.BB.B6"></span>气象条件</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E6%80%A7%E8%90%BD%E4%B8%8B%E7%81%B0&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：气象条件"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%94%E8%B1%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="气象">气象</a>条件对放射性沉降的影响很大，尤其是当地沉降。在<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%A8" title="雨">雨</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%AA" title="雪">雪</a>的冲刷条件下，会加速当地沉降过程。在某些特殊条件下，如源于放射性云层带有大量落下灰的本地降雨（即俗称的“黑雨”），可能会使核爆炸顺风区中的某个地域形成一个重污染区。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="效果"><span id=".E6.95.88.E6.9E.9C"></span>效果</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E6%80%A7%E8%90%BD%E4%B8%8B%E7%81%B0&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：效果"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>当动物接受了辐射后，可能会有一系列的生物变化。某些全身通过高剂量辐射后立即死亡，有些则基本正常生活了一段时间，然而随着延迟性辐射效应的发展，暴露于辐射人群中会使他们受到低剂量辐射。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="短期"><span id=".E7.9F.AD.E6.9C.9F"></span>短期</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E6%80%A7%E8%90%BD%E4%B8%8B%E7%81%B0&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：短期"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>损伤效果主要因<a href="/wiki/%CE%92%E5%B0%84%E7%BA%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="Β射线">β射线</a>的剂量和能量而定，皮肤受到落下灰中β射线照射的剂量愈大，损伤愈严重<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="长期"><span id=".E9.95.BF.E6.9C.9F"></span>长期</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E6%80%A7%E8%90%BD%E4%B8%8B%E7%81%B0&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：长期"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>辐射后期或延迟效应之后发生的辐射剂量和剂量等级范围较广。延迟效应可能会在照射数月后甚至数年后出现，其影响的广泛几乎涉及所有的组织或器官。辐射延迟可能出现的后果，有生命缩短、组织<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%8C" title="癌">癌变</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E5%86%85%E9%9A%9C" title="白内障">白内障</a>的形成，慢性<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E6%80%A7%E7%9A%AE%E8%82%A4%E7%82%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="放射性皮肤炎（页面不存在）">放射性皮肤炎</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E8%82%B2%E7%8E%87" class="mw-redirect" title="生育率">生育率</a>降低和<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0%E7%AA%81%E5%8F%98" class="mw-redirect" title="基因突变">基因突变</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="核反应堆事故"><span id=".E6.A0.B8.E5.8F.8D.E5.BA.94.E5.A0.86.E4.BA.8B.E6.95.85"></span>核反应堆事故</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E6%80%A7%E8%90%BD%E4%B8%8B%E7%81%B0&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：核反应堆事故"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>尽管<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%94%E5%A0%86" title="核反应堆">核反应堆</a>事故没有像核武器爆炸那么严重，但同样可以产生落下灰。核爆炸所产生的同位素特征与严重的反应堆事故（如<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%87%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%BA%E8%B4%9D%E5%88%A9%E6%A0%B8%E4%BA%8B%E6%95%85" title="切尔诺贝利核事故">切尔诺贝利核事故</a>）有很大的不同。两者最关键的差异是挥发性与半衰期。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="防护"><span id=".E9.98.B2.E6.8A.A4"></span>防护</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E6%80%A7%E8%90%BD%E4%B8%8B%E7%81%B0&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：防护"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Falloutprotection.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Falloutprotection.jpg/180px-Falloutprotection.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="273" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Falloutprotection.jpg/270px-Falloutprotection.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Falloutprotection.jpg/360px-Falloutprotection.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="607" /></a><figcaption>冷战期间<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E9%98%B2%E9%83%A8" title="美国国防部">美国国防部</a>的落下灰防护手册</figcaption></figure> <p>在<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B7%E6%88%98" title="冷战">冷战</a>期间，<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD" title="美国">美</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94" title="苏联">苏</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD" title="英国">英</a>三国对国民进行了大量的<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="核战争">核战争</a>条件下的生存教育。其中美国的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E9%98%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="民防">民防</a>措施较为完备。美国政府提供了一系列程序，使得人民能够最大限度地减少暴露于原子尘的时间。但目前流行的防护态度是，全球热核战争一旦爆发，短期生存将是徒劳的，因此亦不再保留防尘庇护所。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参见"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.A7.81"></span>参见</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E6%80%A7%E8%90%BD%E4%B8%8B%E7%81%B0&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：参见"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E7%88%86%E7%82%B8" title="核爆炸">核爆炸</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%92%E5%BD%88" title="髒彈">髒彈</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E5%88%86%E8%A3%82%E7%94%A2%E7%89%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="核分裂產物">核分裂產物</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E6%80%A7%E8%90%BD%E5%A1%B5%E9%81%BF%E9%9B%A3%E6%89%80" title="放射性落塵避難所">放射性落塵避難所</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%90%E5%BD%88" class="mw-redirect" title="中子彈">中子彈</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%90%E5%B0%84%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97" class="mw-redirect" title="辐射系列">辐射系列</a>游戏</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83"></span>参考</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E6%80%A7%E8%90%BD%E4%B8%8B%E7%81%B0&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节：参考"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="中文">（简体中文）</span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnkang.com/yxzs/yxzx/yxzs/pfzs/200706/94885.html">皮肤放射损伤之概述</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20090705121523/http://www.cnkang.com/yxzs/yxzx/yxzs/pfzs/200706/94885.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）中华康网</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="延伸阅读"><span id=".E5.BB.B6.E4.BC.B8.E9.98.85.E8.AF.BB"></span>延伸阅读</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E6%80%A7%E8%90%BD%E4%B8%8B%E7%81%B0&action=edit&section=14" title="编辑章节：延伸阅读"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050204002118/http://www.cddc.vt.edu/host/atomic/nukeffct/">Glasstone, Samuel and Dolan, Philip J., <i>The Effects of Nuclear Weapons (third edition)</i>，美国政府印刷所，1977</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fas.org/nuke/guide/usa/doctrine/dod/fm8-9/1toc.htm"><i>NATO Handbook on the Medical Aspects of NBC Defensive Operations (Part I - Nuclear)</i>，美国陆海空军部，于华盛顿，1996</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20090822084748/http://www.fas.org/nuke/guide/usa/doctrine/dod/fm8-9/1toc.htm">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li>Smyth, H. DeW., <i>Atomic Energy for Military Purposes</i> 普林斯顿大学出版社，1945. (<a href="/wiki/Smyth_Report" class="mw-redirect" title="Smyth Report">Smyth Report</a>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070223194749/http://www.wws.princeton.edu/ota/disk3/1979/7906.html"><i>The Effects of Nuclear War in America</i>, Office of Technology Assessment (May 1979)</a></li> <li>T. Imanaka, S. Fukutani, M. Yamamoto, A. Sakaguchi and M. Hoshi, <i>J. Radiation Research</i>, 2006, <b>47</b>, Suppl A121-A127.</li> <li>Sheldon Novick, The Careless Atom, (Boston MA: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1969), p. 98</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84261037">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{text-align:center;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93" title="Template:污染"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93" title="Template talk:污染"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:污染"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="污染" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93" title="污染">污染</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="污染类型" data-lang-code="d" data-lang-name="維基數據" data-foreign-title="Q129676813"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93%E7%B1%BB%E5%9E%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="污染类型（页面不存在）">污染类型</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">維基數據所列</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q129676813" class="extiw" title="d:Q129676813"><span lang="d" dir="auto">Q129676813</span></a></span>）</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E6%B0%A3%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93" title="空氣污染">空氣污染</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E9%85%B8%E9%9B%A8" title="酸雨">酸雨</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B1%E9%9B%A8" title="碱雨">碱雨</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%9E%81%E7%83%9F%E9%9C%9E" title="北极烟霞">北极雾霾</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%A3%E6%93%B4%E6%95%A3%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F" title="大氣擴散模式">大氣擴散模式</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E9%BB%AF%E5%8C%96" title="全球黯化">全球黯化</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%9A%B1%E8%9C%A2%E6%95%88%E6%87%89" title="蚱蜢效應">蚱蜢效應</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E5%8F%98%E6%9A%96" title="全球变暖">全球变暖</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AD%E6%B0%A7%E5%B1%82%E7%A9%BA%E6%B4%9E" title="臭氧层空洞">臭氧层空洞</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A4%E4%BB%A3%E7%83%B7%E7%83%83" title="卤代烷烃">氯氟碳化合物</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%E6%87%B8%E6%B5%AE%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" title="懸浮粒子">懸浮粒子</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%85%99%E9%9C%A7" title="煙霧">煙霧</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%BE" title="霾">霾</a>）<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%94%E6%BA%B6%E8%83%B6" title="气溶胶">气溶胶</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93" title="水污染">水污染</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%8C%E8%90%A5%E5%85%BB%E5%8C%96" title="富营养化">富营养化</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E6%B4%8B%E5%BB%A2%E6%A3%84%E7%89%A9" title="海洋廢棄物">海洋廢棄物</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B9%E5%A4%96%E6%B4%A9" title="油外洩">油外洩</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93" title="熱污染">熱污染</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E5%BE%84%E6%B5%81" title="城市径流">城市径流</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E8%B3%AA" title="水質">水質</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%BB%E6%B0%B4" title="死水">死水</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%B4%BB%E6%B1%A1%E6%B0%B4" title="生活污水">生活污水</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E8%A1%A8%E9%80%95%E6%B5%81" title="地表逕流">地表逕流</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%87%B8%E6%B5%AE%E5%9B%BA%E9%AB%94" title="懸浮固體">懸浮固體</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%9C%B0%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93" title="土地污染">土地污染</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E4%BF%AE%E5%BE%A9" title="生物修復">生物修復</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="植物修复" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Phytoremediation"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E4%BF%AE%E5%BE%A9" title="植物修復">植物修复</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phytoremediation" class="extiw" title="en:Phytoremediation"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Phytoremediation</span></a></span>）</span></span><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%99%A4%E8%8D%89%E5%89%82" title="除草剂">除草剂</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%86%9C%E8%8D%AF" title="农药">农药</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%AF%92%E9%87%8D%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC" title="有毒重金屬">重金属</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%82%A5%E5%AE%B3" title="肥害">肥害</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E6%80%A7%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93" title="放射性污染">放射性污染</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E8%A3%82%E5%8F%98%E4%BA%A7%E7%89%A9" title="核裂变产物">核裂变产物</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a class="mw-selflink selflink">放射性落下灰</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%E6%80%A5%E6%80%A7%E8%BE%90%E5%B0%84%E7%BB%BC%E5%90%88%E7%97%87" title="急性辐射综合症">急性辐射综合症</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其他污染</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E5%B3%B6%E7%8F%BE%E8%B1%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="熱島現象">熱島現象</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%AE%B3" title="光害">光害</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%99%AA%E9%9F%B3%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93" title="噪音污染">噪音污染</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93" title="基因污染">基因污染</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%9A%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93" title="工业污染">工業污染</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%88%B9%E8%88%B6%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93" title="船舶污染">船舶污染</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其它<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93%E7%89%A9" title="污染物">污染物</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9E%83%E5%9C%BE" title="垃圾">垃圾</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%8C%81%E4%B9%85%E6%80%A7%E6%9C%89%E6%A9%9F%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93%E7%89%A9" title="持久性有機污染物">持久性有機污染物</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A7%E5%88%86%E6%B3%8C%E5%B9%B2%E6%93%BE%E7%89%A9" title="內分泌干擾物">內分泌干擾物</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%92%B0%E5%A2%83%E9%9B%8C%E6%BF%80%E7%B4%A0" title="環境雌激素">環境雌激素</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93" title="Category:污染控制技術">污染控制</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E7%9B%91%E6%B5%8B" title="环境监测">环境监测</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%87%E6%BA%90%E5%9B%9E%E6%94%B6" title="資源回收">資源回收</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9E%83%E5%9C%BE%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E" title="垃圾分類">垃圾分類</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93%E7%89%A9%E6%8E%92%E6%94%BE%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6" title="污染物排放控制">污染物排放控制</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6" title="环境污染控制">環境污染控制</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%BB%E6%80%A7%E6%B1%A1%E6%B3%A5%E6%B3%95" title="活性污泥法">活性污泥法</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/SBR%E6%B1%A1%E6%B0%B4%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86%E5%B7%A5%E8%89%BA" title="SBR污水处理工艺">SBR污水处理工艺</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E8%86%9C%E6%B3%95" title="生物膜法">生物膜法</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%8C%E6%B0%A7%E6%B3%95" title="厌氧法">厌氧法</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%81%E5%BC%8F%E5%8E%8C%E6%B0%A7%E6%B1%A1%E6%B3%A5%E5%BA%8A" title="上流式厌氧污泥床">上流式厌氧污泥床</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%A1%E6%B0%B4%E5%A6%A5%E5%96%84%E8%99%95%E7%90%86%E7%8E%87" title="污水妥善處理率">污水妥善處理率</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%A1%E6%B0%B4%E8%99%95%E7%90%86" title="污水處理">污水處理</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%97%8B%E9%A2%A8%E5%88%86%E9%9B%A2" title="旋風分離">旋風分離</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%9A%E5%8F%91%E9%85%B5" title="工业发酵">工業發酵</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%A0%86%E5%A1%AB" title="堆填">填埋</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9E%83%E5%9C%BE%E7%84%9A%E7%83%A7" title="垃圾焚烧">垃圾焚烧</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BA%E4%BD%93%E5%BA%9F%E5%BC%83%E7%89%A9%E7%9A%84%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86%E4%B8%8E%E5%A4%84%E7%BD%AE" title="固体废弃物的处理与处置">固体废弃物的处理与处置</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6" title="水污染控制">水污染控制</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">對生物的影響</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E6%94%BE%E5%A4%A7%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8" title="生物放大作用">生物放大作用</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E7%B4%AF%E7%A9%8D" title="生物累積">生物累積性</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E6%BF%83%E7%B8%AE%E6%80%A7" title="生物濃縮性">生物濃縮性</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%BE%E5%AE%B3" title="灾害">事故</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93" title="Template:亞洲污染">亞洲污染</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93%E4%BA%8B%E6%95%85%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="水污染事故列表">水污染事故列表</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E5%A1%91%E4%BB%81%E6%AD%A6%E5%BB%A0%E6%B1%99%E6%9F%93%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="台塑仁武廠汙染事件">台塑仁武廠汙染事件</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B9%96%E5%8D%97%E7%9C%81%E5%85%92%E7%AB%A5%E9%89%9B%E4%B8%AD%E6%AF%92%E6%A1%88" title="湖南省兒童鉛中毒案">湖南省兒童鉛中毒案</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%9B%9B%E5%A4%A7%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93%E7%97%85" title="日本四大污染病">日本四大公害病</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%E5%8A%A0%E6%B8%AF%E6%B9%BE%E6%BC%8F%E6%B2%B9%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="阿拉斯加港湾漏油事件">阿拉斯加港灣漏油事件</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%91%AA%E6%96%AF%E8%99%9F%E8%B2%A8%E8%BC%AA%E6%B2%B9%E6%B1%A1%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="阿瑪斯號貨輪油污事件">阿瑪斯號貨輪油污事件</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a 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