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Topics, debates and disarmament | ICRC
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class="header-top-search-holder"> <div class="icrc-container"> <div class="header-top-search-container"></div> </div> </div> </header> <div id="block-icrc-theme-tabs"> </div> <div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div> <main tabindex="-1" id="mainContent"> <div class="page main"> <div class="layout layout--onecol"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--content"> <div class="page-head bg-beige content-type-head is-visual"> <div class="icrc-container"> <nav class="breadcrumbs" aria-label="You are here"> <ol> <li class="with-link"><a href="/en/law-and-policy">Law & Policy</a></li> <li>Topics, debates and disarmament</li> </ol> </nav> <script type="application/ld+json"> { "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "BreadcrumbList", "name": "Topics, debates and disarmament", "itemListElement": [ { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 1, "item": { "@id": "/en/law-and-policy", "name": "Law & Policy" } } ] } </script> <div class="text"> <div class="title"> <h1>Topics, debates and disarmament</h1> </div> <div class="description"> <div class="ck-text"><p>Civilians are the main victims of IHL violations in today's conflicts. Contemporary conflict brings challenges for IHL in a number of areas, such as new technologies and the classification of conflicts. We must understand and respond to these challenges if IHL is to maintain its protective function. </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="content-type-visual"> <div class="media"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/desktop_full_lg/public/2024-03/V-P-MY-E-00124.JPG.webp?itok=IAPQ_Ea8 1x" media="all and (min-width: 1440px)" type="image/webp" width="2048" height="736"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/desktop_full/public/2024-03/V-P-MY-E-00124.JPG.webp?itok=aGsWpQQF 1x" media="all and (min-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="1280" height="736"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/tablet_full/public/2024-03/V-P-MY-E-00124.JPG.webp?itok=amQHraDO 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px)" type="image/webp" width="768" height="440"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/mobile_img_rect_01/public/2024-03/V-P-MY-E-00124.JPG.webp?itok=IIRj9k4w 1x" media="all and (max-width: 576px)" type="image/webp" width="320" height="180"/> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/desktop_full/public/2024-03/V-P-MY-E-00124.JPG.webp?itok=aGsWpQQF" width="1280" height="736" alt="Kuala Lumpur. 25th Asia-Pacific Roundtable with Alain Aeschlimann, Head of Operations for East Asia, South-East Asia and the Pacific." title="Kuala Lumpur hosts 25th Asia-Pacific Roundtable with Alain Aeschlimann, head of operations for east Asia, south-east Asia, and the Pacific. ICRC" /> </picture> </div> <div class="content-type-visual-content"> <div class="icrc-container"> <div class="content-type-frame"> <div class="col"> <ul class="content-type-list"> <li> <a href="/en/law-and-policy/climate-and-conflict" title="Climate change and conflict push people out of their homes, disrupts food production and supplies, amplifies diseases and weakens health-care services." data-drupal-link-system-path="node/300182">Climate and conflict</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/law-and-policy/compliance-ihl" title="Working with states and parties to conflict to ensure compliance with international humanitarian law is at the core of our mandate under the Geneva Conventions." data-drupal-link-system-path="node/300179">Compliance with IHL</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/law-and-policy/conduct-hostilities-and-protection-civilians" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/334">Conduct of hostilities and protection of civilians</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/law-and-policy/counterterrorism-and-sanctions" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/300183">Counterterrorism and sanctions</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/law-and-policy/detention" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/300184">Detention</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/law-and-policy/environment-and-warfare" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/339">Environment and warfare</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/law-and-policy/food-security" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/300185">Food security</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/law-and-policy/gender-and-ihl" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/300186">Gender and IHL</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://healthcareindanger.org/">Health Care in Danger</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="col"> <ul class="content-type-list"> <li> <a href="/en/law-and-policy/new-technologies-and-warfare" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/7946">New technologies of warfare</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/law-and-policy/occupation" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/317">Occupation</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/law-and-policy/private-military-and-security-companies" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/300187">Private military and security companies</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/law-and-policy/protected-persons" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/322">Protected persons</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/law-and-policy/sexual-violence" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/300188">Sexual violence</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/law-and-policy/urban-warfare-and-violence" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/300190">Urban warfare and violence</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/law-and-policy/use-emblems" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/351">Use of emblems</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/law-and-policy/weapons-and-disarmament" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/342">Weapons and disarmament</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="text1768539" class="text-module"> <div class="icrc-container"> <div class="text-content"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-lg-3"> <div class="title"> <h2>Our Law and Policy work</h2> </div> </div> <div class="col-lg-9"> <div class="ck-text"><p>The ICRC works across a range of law and policy themes to ensure better protection and assistance for people affected by armed conflict and other situations of violence. Our policy positions are rooted in operational experience and sound legal analysis. We work through diplomatic channels and diverse policy arenas to inform and influence policy debates on key humanitarian issues.</p> </div> <div class="btn-wrap btn-w-secondary-accent"> <a href="/en/law-and-policy">Read more</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="activity-list940558" class="activity-list in-focus"> <div class="icrc-container"> <div class="title-module"> <h2> In focus </h2> </div> <div class="activity-content"> <div class="item"> <div class="frame"> <div class="label">In focus</div> <div class="title"> <h2><a href="/en/law-and-policy/compliance-ihl">Compliance with IHL</a></h2> </div> <div class="description"><div class="ck-text"><p>Working with states and parties to conflict to ensure compliance with international humanitarian law is at the core of our mandate under the Geneva Conventions.</p> </div></div> <div class="media"> <div> <div class="visually-hidden">Image</div> <div> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/desktop_square_2/public/2024-04/Compliance_law_Disseminaiton_ICRC.jpg.webp?itok=MKt4JNee 1x" media="all and (min-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="308" height="308"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/tablet_square_2/public/2024-04/Compliance_law_Disseminaiton_ICRC.jpg.webp?itok=Retk3WCL 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px)" type="image/webp" width="234" height="234"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/mobile_square_1/public/2024-04/Compliance_law_Disseminaiton_ICRC.jpg.webp?itok=f394VJd6 1x" media="all and (max-width: 576px)" type="image/webp" width="320" height="320"/> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/desktop_square_2/public/2024-04/Compliance_law_Disseminaiton_ICRC.jpg.webp?itok=MKt4JNee" width="308" height="308" alt="Members of an armed force group during an ICRC briefing on international humanitarian law." title="Members of an armed force group during an ICRC briefing on international humanitarian law. Didier REVOL/ICRC" /> </picture> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="item"> <div class="frame"> <div class="label">In focus</div> <div class="title"> <h2><a href="/en/law-and-policy/conduct-hostilities-and-protection-civilians">Conduct of hostilities and protection of civilians</a></h2> </div> <div class="description"><div class="ck-text"><p>International law regulates the methods and means of warfare. It aims to strike a balance between legitimate military objectives and the humanitarian objective of reducing suffering, particularly among civilians.</p> </div></div> <div class="media"> <div> <div class="visually-hidden">Image</div> <div> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/desktop_square_2/public/2024-02/_A3A1197.jpg.webp?itok=JYo21TwO 1x" media="all and (min-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="308" height="308"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/tablet_square_2/public/2024-02/_A3A1197.jpg.webp?itok=MYBhvAOW 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px)" type="image/webp" width="234" height="234"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/mobile_square_1/public/2024-02/_A3A1197.jpg.webp?itok=y_vlQ3U4 1x" media="all and (max-width: 576px)" type="image/webp" width="320" height="320"/> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/desktop_square_2/public/2024-02/_A3A1197.jpg.webp?itok=JYo21TwO" width="308" height="308" alt="Strollers sit abandoned along a route people used to flee Irpin, Ukraine." title="Strollers abandoned along a route used to flee Irpin, Ukraine. Amnon Gutman" /> </picture> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="item"> <div class="frame"> <div class="label">In focus</div> <div class="title"> <h2><a href="/en/law-and-policy/new-technologies-and-warfare">New technologies and warfare</a></h2> </div> <div class="description"><div class="ck-text"><p>Technological developments have given rise to new methods and means of warfare, such as cyber attacks, armed drones and robots, raising novel humanitarian and legal challenges. </p> </div></div> <div class="media"> <div> <div class="visually-hidden">Image</div> <div> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/desktop_square_2/public/topic/banner_list/weapons-robot-new-technologies-_2.jpg.webp?itok=8572-jh- 1x" media="all and (min-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="308" height="308"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/tablet_square_2/public/topic/banner_list/weapons-robot-new-technologies-_2.jpg.webp?itok=pK1E6Fc6 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px)" type="image/webp" width="234" height="234"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/mobile_square_1/public/topic/banner_list/weapons-robot-new-technologies-_2.jpg.webp?itok=wmmZj_GR 1x" media="all and (max-width: 576px)" type="image/webp" width="320" height="320"/> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/desktop_square_2/public/topic/banner_list/weapons-robot-new-technologies-_2.jpg.webp?itok=8572-jh-" width="308" height="308" alt="A robot used in war at the foreground while children look on in the background. " title="A robot used in war at the foreground while children look on in the background. ICRC" /> </picture> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="item"> <div class="frame"> <div class="label">In focus</div> <div class="title"> <h2><a href="/en/law-and-policy/protected-persons">Protected persons</a></h2> </div> <div class="description"><div class="ck-text"><p>International humanitarian law protects a wide range of people and objects during armed conflict. The Geneva Conventions and their Additional Protocols protect sick, wounded and shipwrecked people not taking part in hostilities, prisoners of war and other detainees, civilians and civilian objects.</p> </div></div> <div class="media"> <div> <div class="visually-hidden">Image</div> <div> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/desktop_square_2/public/2024-02/DSC00368-By-Hesham-Abdullah-.jpg.webp?itok=2ltJ0d9B 1x" media="all and (min-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="308" height="308"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/tablet_square_2/public/2024-02/DSC00368-By-Hesham-Abdullah-.jpg.webp?itok=fIeAsjnU 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px)" type="image/webp" width="234" height="234"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/mobile_square_1/public/2024-02/DSC00368-By-Hesham-Abdullah-.jpg.webp?itok=V0zNF3qz 1x" media="all and (max-width: 576px)" type="image/webp" width="320" height="320"/> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/desktop_square_2/public/2024-02/DSC00368-By-Hesham-Abdullah-.jpg.webp?itok=2ltJ0d9B" width="308" height="308" alt="ICRC prisoner release and transport." title="ICRC prisoner release and transport. Hesham-Abdullah/ICRC" /> </picture> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="item"> <div class="frame"> <div class="label">In focus</div> <div class="title"> <h2><a href="/en/law-and-policy/weapons-and-disarmament">Weapons and disarmament</a></h2> </div> <div class="description"><div class="ck-text"><p>International humanitarian law governs the choice of the means and methods of warfare and prohibits or restricts the use of certain weapons. The ICRC plays a leading role in the promotion and development of law regulating the use of weapons.</p> </div></div> <div class="media"> <div> <div class="visually-hidden">Image</div> <div> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/desktop_square_2/public/2024-02/V-P-LA-E-00928.jpg.webp?itok=oRKrErDD 1x" media="all and (min-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="308" height="308"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/tablet_square_2/public/2024-02/V-P-LA-E-00928.jpg.webp?itok=VjFS93HD 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px)" type="image/webp" width="234" height="234"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/mobile_square_1/public/2024-02/V-P-LA-E-00928.jpg.webp?itok=ddRC6OTo 1x" media="all and (max-width: 576px)" type="image/webp" width="320" height="320"/> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/desktop_square_2/public/2024-02/V-P-LA-E-00928.jpg.webp?itok=oRKrErDD" width="308" height="308" alt="Container holding a range of grenades, submunitions and other recovered unexploded ordnance in Xieng Khouang, Phonsavan." title="Xieng Khouang, Phonsavan. Container holding a range of grenades, submunitions and other recovered UXO (unexploded ordnance). Jim Holmes/ICRC" /> </picture> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="activity-list941550" class="activity-list"> <div class="icrc-container"> <div class="title-module"> <h2> International humanitarian law and policy on: </h2> </div> <div class="activity-content"> <div class="item"> <div class="frame"> <div class="title"> <h2><a href="/en/law-and-policy/climate-and-conflict">Climate and conflict</a></h2> </div> <div class="media"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/desktop_rect_5/public/2024-04/Climate_Change_Conflict_ICRC.jpg.webp?itok=_gvOQoXs 1x" media="all and (min-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="252" height="150"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/tablet_rect_2/public/2024-04/Climate_Change_Conflict_ICRC.jpg.webp?itok=VU6EONTj 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px)" type="image/webp" width="234" height="135"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/mobile_img_rect_01/public/2024-04/Climate_Change_Conflict_ICRC.jpg.webp?itok=D3jjDrsU 1x" media="all and (max-width: 576px)" type="image/webp" width="320" height="180"/> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/mobile_img_rect_01/public/2024-04/Climate_Change_Conflict_ICRC.jpg.webp?itok=D3jjDrsU" width="320" height="180" alt=" People sitting under the harsh sunlight after a food distribution organized by the ICRC. " title="People sitting under the harsh sunlight after a food distribution organized by the ICRC. Pedram YAZDI/ICRC" /> </picture> </div> </div> </div> <div class="item"> <div class="frame"> <div class="title"> <h2><a href="/en/law-and-policy/counterterrorism-and-sanctions">Counterterrorism and sanctions</a></h2> </div> <div class="media"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/desktop_rect_5/public/document/image_thumbnail/terrorism-unag.jpg.webp?itok=42LPc8zh 1x" media="all and (min-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="252" height="150"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/tablet_rect_2/public/document/image_thumbnail/terrorism-unag.jpg.webp?itok=axIfe0ct 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px)" type="image/webp" width="234" height="135"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/mobile_img_rect_01/public/document/image_thumbnail/terrorism-unag.jpg.webp?itok=tEQViIu2 1x" media="all and (max-width: 576px)" type="image/webp" width="320" height="180"/> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/mobile_img_rect_01/public/document/image_thumbnail/terrorism-unag.jpg.webp?itok=tEQViIu2" width="320" height="180" alt="A street in ruins, littered with destroyed vehicles." title="A street in ruins, littered with destroyed vehicles. ICRC" /> </picture> </div> </div> </div> <div class="item"> <div class="frame"> <div class="title"> <h2><a href="/en/law-and-policy/detention">Detention</a></h2> </div> <div class="media"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/desktop_rect_5/public/2024-04/Detention_ICRC.jpg.webp?itok=sQmHYLoR 1x" media="all and (min-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="252" height="150"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/tablet_rect_2/public/2024-04/Detention_ICRC.jpg.webp?itok=6KnjMo2F 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px)" type="image/webp" width="234" height="135"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/mobile_img_rect_01/public/2024-04/Detention_ICRC.jpg.webp?itok=cCJQAf6p 1x" media="all and (max-width: 576px)" type="image/webp" width="320" height="180"/> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/mobile_img_rect_01/public/2024-04/Detention_ICRC.jpg.webp?itok=cCJQAf6p" width="320" height="180" alt="A child inmate in Mopti arrest house in Mali." title="Mali, 2021. A child inmate in Mopti arrest house. Michele Cattani/ICRC" /> </picture> </div> </div> </div> <div class="item"> <div class="frame"> <div class="title"> <h2><a href="/en/law-and-policy/environment-and-warfare">The environment and warfare</a></h2> </div> <div class="media"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/desktop_rect_5/public/2024-04/Environment_Conflict_ICRC.jpg.webp?itok=7DXpr2jC 1x" media="all and (min-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="252" height="150"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/tablet_rect_2/public/2024-04/Environment_Conflict_ICRC.jpg.webp?itok=dC-pSYWN 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px)" type="image/webp" width="234" height="135"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/mobile_img_rect_01/public/2024-04/Environment_Conflict_ICRC.jpg.webp?itok=7ivyTLSu 1x" media="all and (max-width: 576px)" type="image/webp" width="320" height="180"/> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/mobile_img_rect_01/public/2024-04/Environment_Conflict_ICRC.jpg.webp?itok=7ivyTLSu" width="320" height="180" alt="Oil refinery on fire in the outskirts of Grosny (Russia) as result of bombing raid." title="1995. Oil refinery on fire in the outskirts of Grosny (Russia) as result of bombing raid. Paul Grabhorn/ICRC" /> </picture> </div> </div> </div> <div class="item"> <div class="frame"> <div class="title"> <h2><a href="/en/law-and-policy/food-security">Food security</a></h2> </div> <div class="media"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/desktop_rect_5/public/document_new/image_plus_list/11-colombia_icrc_staff_delivers_food_kits_0.jpg.webp?itok=okWikyiZ 1x" media="all and (min-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="252" height="150"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/tablet_rect_2/public/document_new/image_plus_list/11-colombia_icrc_staff_delivers_food_kits_0.jpg.webp?itok=ElRm2J6o 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px)" type="image/webp" width="234" height="135"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/mobile_img_rect_01/public/document_new/image_plus_list/11-colombia_icrc_staff_delivers_food_kits_0.jpg.webp?itok=Y_XgMcY6 1x" media="all and (max-width: 576px)" type="image/webp" width="320" height="180"/> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/mobile_img_rect_01/public/document_new/image_plus_list/11-colombia_icrc_staff_delivers_food_kits_0.jpg.webp?itok=Y_XgMcY6" width="320" height="180" alt="ICRC staff delivers food kits in Colombia." title="ICRC staff delivers food kits in Colombia. ICRC" /> </picture> </div> </div> </div> <div class="item"> <div class="frame"> <div class="title"> <h2><a href="/en/law-and-policy/gender-and-ihl">Gender and IHL</a></h2> </div> <div class="media"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/desktop_rect_5/public/document_new/image_plus_list/trincomalee_sri_lanka._a_woman_evacuated_from_the_war_zone_waits_for_husband.jpg.webp?itok=bPzzdU7n 1x" media="all and (min-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="252" height="150"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/tablet_rect_2/public/document_new/image_plus_list/trincomalee_sri_lanka._a_woman_evacuated_from_the_war_zone_waits_for_husband.jpg.webp?itok=8osyTV1a 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px)" type="image/webp" width="234" height="135"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/mobile_img_rect_01/public/document_new/image_plus_list/trincomalee_sri_lanka._a_woman_evacuated_from_the_war_zone_waits_for_husband.jpg.webp?itok=rTCZs8Pj 1x" media="all and (max-width: 576px)" type="image/webp" width="320" height="180"/> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/mobile_img_rect_01/public/document_new/image_plus_list/trincomalee_sri_lanka._a_woman_evacuated_from_the_war_zone_waits_for_husband.jpg.webp?itok=rTCZs8Pj" width="320" height="180" alt="A woman evacuated from the war zone awaits her husband's arrival in Trincomalee, Sri Lanka." title="A woman evacuated from the war zone awaits her husband's arrival in Trincomalee, Sri Lanka. Zurab Burduli/ICRC" /> </picture> </div> </div> </div> <div class="item"> <div class="frame"> <div class="title"> <h2><a href="/en/law-and-policy/occupation">Occupation</a></h2> </div> <div class="media"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/desktop_rect_5/public/2024-04/Occupation_ICRC.jpg.webp?itok=EXHz-0w4 1x" media="all and (min-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="252" height="150"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/tablet_rect_2/public/2024-04/Occupation_ICRC.jpg.webp?itok=XFvravNH 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px)" type="image/webp" width="234" height="135"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/mobile_img_rect_01/public/2024-04/Occupation_ICRC.jpg.webp?itok=RJaV1drm 1x" media="all and (max-width: 576px)" type="image/webp" width="320" height="180"/> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/mobile_img_rect_01/public/2024-04/Occupation_ICRC.jpg.webp?itok=RJaV1drm" width="320" height="180" alt="سور من الأسلاك الشائكة في الضفة الغربية" /> </picture> </div> </div> </div> <div class="item"> <div class="frame"> <div class="title"> <h2><a href="/en/law-and-policy/private-military-and-security-companies">Private military and security companies</a></h2> </div> <div class="media"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/desktop_rect_5/public/2024-02/V-P-CF-E-01304.JPG.webp?itok=vPCr9zbr 1x" media="all and (min-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="252" height="150"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/tablet_rect_2/public/2024-02/V-P-CF-E-01304.JPG.webp?itok=Aim-k9rm 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px)" type="image/webp" width="234" height="135"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/mobile_img_rect_01/public/2024-02/V-P-CF-E-01304.JPG.webp?itok=IzuHNxwG 1x" media="all and (max-width: 576px)" type="image/webp" width="320" height="180"/> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/mobile_img_rect_01/public/2024-02/V-P-CF-E-01304.JPG.webp?itok=IzuHNxwG" width="320" height="180" alt="A soldier reads a brochure on IHL for military forces." title="Nana-Membéré prefecture, Bouar. The ICRC gives a session on international humanitarian law to the Central African armed forces. Axel Moeschler/ICRC" /> </picture> </div> </div> </div> <div class="item"> <div class="frame"> <div class="title"> <h2><a href="/en/law-and-policy/sexual-violence">Sexual violence</a></h2> </div> <div class="media"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/desktop_rect_5/public/2024-02/V-P-CF-E-01305.JPG.webp?itok=QNlGkZpL 1x" media="all and (min-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="252" height="150"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/tablet_rect_2/public/2024-02/V-P-CF-E-01305.JPG.webp?itok=lpnjtTLL 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px)" type="image/webp" width="234" height="135"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/mobile_img_rect_01/public/2024-02/V-P-CF-E-01305.JPG.webp?itok=0V07iyWK 1x" media="all and (max-width: 576px)" type="image/webp" width="320" height="180"/> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/mobile_img_rect_01/public/2024-02/V-P-CF-E-01305.JPG.webp?itok=0V07iyWK" width="320" height="180" alt="An ICRC staff member listens to the story of a woman who experienced depression after her husband was killed by an armed group. " title="Nana-Membéré prefecture, Bouar. An ICRC staff member listens to the story of a woman who experienced depression after her husband was killed by an armed group. Axel Moeschler/ICRC" /> </picture> </div> </div> </div> <div class="item"> <div class="frame"> <div class="title"> <h2><a href="/en/law-and-policy/urban-warfare-and-violence">Urban warfare and violence</a></h2> </div> <div class="media"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/desktop_rect_5/public/2024-04/Destruction_Urban_Warfare_ICRC.jpg.webp?itok=uAJWY-oX 1x" media="all and (min-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="252" height="150"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/tablet_rect_2/public/2024-04/Destruction_Urban_Warfare_ICRC.jpg.webp?itok=6yU8uzX6 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px)" type="image/webp" width="234" height="135"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/mobile_img_rect_01/public/2024-04/Destruction_Urban_Warfare_ICRC.jpg.webp?itok=7NMkFnOt 1x" media="all and (max-width: 576px)" type="image/webp" width="320" height="180"/> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/mobile_img_rect_01/public/2024-04/Destruction_Urban_Warfare_ICRC.jpg.webp?itok=7NMkFnOt" width="320" height="180" alt="A woman amidst the city ruins after heavy fighting in Benghazi, Libya." title="Benghazi, Libya (2018). Ruins of the city after heavy fighting. Fares El Abeid/ICRC" /> </picture> </div> </div> </div> <div class="item"> <div class="frame"> <div class="title"> <h2><a href="/en/law-and-policy/use-emblems">Use of emblems</a></h2> </div> <div class="media"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/desktop_rect_5/public/2024-04/Protective_Use_Emblems_ICRC.jpg.webp?itok=f_LYVlGA 1x" media="all and (min-width: 992px)" type="image/webp" width="252" height="150"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/tablet_rect_2/public/2024-04/Protective_Use_Emblems_ICRC.jpg.webp?itok=4mX3xdtj 1x" media="all and (min-width: 576px)" type="image/webp" width="234" height="135"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/mobile_img_rect_01/public/2024-04/Protective_Use_Emblems_ICRC.jpg.webp?itok=wWQaAcHg 1x" media="all and (max-width: 576px)" type="image/webp" width="320" height="180"/> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/mobile_img_rect_01/public/2024-04/Protective_Use_Emblems_ICRC.jpg.webp?itok=wWQaAcHg" width="320" height="180" alt="A ship used to transport relief aid from Cyprus to Lebanon in Larnaka harbour bears the red cross emblem." title="A ship used to transport relief aid from Cyprus to Lebanon in Larnaka harbour (2006). Benoît Schaeffer/ICRC" /> </picture> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer class="footer" id="block-icrc-theme-footer"> <div class="icrc-container"> <div class="footer-top"> <div class="icrc-info-box"> <p class="title">Topic-dedicated ICRC websites</p> <p>Explore our blogs, apps, reviews and other resources dedicated to humanitarian impact, insight, law and policy.</p> <a href="/en/icrc-websites" class="btn btn-secondary-light">ICRC Websites</a> </div> <nav class="direct-access-box" aria-labelledby="directAccessMenuTitle"> <p class="title" id="directAccessMenuTitle">Direct access</p> <div class="footer-list"> <ul class="direct-access-menu secondary-nav"> <li> <a href="/en/find-help" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/300219">Find help</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/donate" title="Donate" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/16881">Donate</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/event" data-drupal-link-system-path="event">Events</a> </li> <li> <a 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