CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html > <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/open_search.xml" title="Academia.edu"> <meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" name="viewport"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="bKJMBZA7E43xhDOopFZkssMMkBRjvYERV-NaN4R6mrs"> <meta name="csrf-param" content="authenticity_token" /> <meta name="csrf-token" content="pfXlsdjlhcSfB08f4+ur/3oIdn/2n3kepxue731SetDSyN7xfxLtYx/o1XYxRrFUZCnh3a7nUeU43jjsGp+YZw==" /> <meta name="citation_title" content="The End of Shangri-La: Self-Perpetuating Tendencies and Invisible Displacement in the Nepalese &#39;People&#39;s War&#39; 1" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Gil Daryn" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /> <meta name="twitter:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/70668964/The_End_of_Shangri_La_Self_Perpetuating_Tendencies_and_Invisible_Displacement_in_the_Nepalese_Peoples_War_1" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="The End of Shangri-La: Self-Perpetuating Tendencies and Invisible Displacement in the Nepalese 'People's War' 1" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="The Maoist insurgency in Nepal, or the &#39;People&#39;s War&#39; as it is locally called, which reached its 10 th anniversary in February 2006, appears to have come to an end with the signing of a peace agreement in June 2006.. This calls for" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://0.academia-photos.com/112752651/37078478/31508001/s200_gil.daryn.jpg" /> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="2369844204" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/70668964/The_End_of_Shangri_La_Self_Perpetuating_Tendencies_and_Invisible_Displacement_in_the_Nepalese_Peoples_War_1" /> <meta property="og:title" content="The End of Shangri-La: Self-Perpetuating Tendencies and Invisible Displacement in the Nepalese 'People's War' 1" /> <meta property="og:image" content="http://a.academia-assets.com/images/open-graph-icons/fb-paper.gif" /> <meta property="og:description" content="The Maoist insurgency in Nepal, or the &#39;People&#39;s War&#39; as it is locally called, which reached its 10 th anniversary in February 2006, appears to have come to an end with the signing of a peace agreement in June 2006.. This calls for" /> <meta property="article:author" content="https://independent.academia.edu/DarynGil" /> <meta name="description" content="The Maoist insurgency in Nepal, or the &#39;People&#39;s War&#39; as it is locally called, which reached its 10 th anniversary in February 2006, appears to have come to an end with the signing of a peace agreement in June 2006.. This calls for" /> <title>(DOC) The End of Shangri-La: Self-Perpetuating Tendencies and Invisible Displacement in the Nepalese 'People's War' 1 | Gil Daryn - Academia.edu</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/70668964/The_End_of_Shangri_La_Self_Perpetuating_Tendencies_and_Invisible_Displacement_in_the_Nepalese_Peoples_War_1" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "single_work", 'action': "show", 'controller_action': 'single_work#show', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script> var $controller_name = 'single_work'; var $action_name = "show"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = '9387f500ddcbb8d05c67bef28a2fe0334f1aafb8'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.require = { config: function() { return function() {} } } </script> <script> window.Aedu = window.Aedu || {}; window.Aedu.hit_data = null; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1733028184000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1733028184000; </script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ScholarlyArticle","abstract":"The Maoist insurgency in Nepal, or the \u0026amp;#39;People\u0026amp;#39;s War\u0026amp;#39; as it is locally called, which reached its 10 th anniversary in February 2006, appears to have come to an end with the signing of a peace agreement in June 2006.. This calls for reflection and retrospective examination of the war and its corollaries, which the present paper attempts to do via a discussion of two of the most disturbing aspects of the conflict. First is its tendency to perpetuate itself, that is, to recreate the initial conditions which led to it and exacerbate the grievances that fuelled its incipient stages. The second is the relative invisibility of both the war itself and particularly of many of its victims. Prior to embarking upon this, and in order to place the ensuing discussion in the appropriate historical context, I shall briefly outline some of the main \u0026amp;#39;milestones\u0026amp;#39; and features of the conflict. The insurgency was officially launched by the CPNM (Communist Party of Nepal, Maoist, referred to as Maoists herein) on 13 February 1996, just four days before an ultimatum they delivered to the government, requesting that the latter respond to a list of forty demands, 2 was due to expire. Among these were the demands to end discrimination on any basis, be it gender, ethnic, caste and the like, the need to guarantee the freedom of press and publication, the call for substantial land reforms giving land ownership rights to those who cultivate it, the implementation of a minimum wage for workers, free education and health services, and the provision of drinking water, road and electricity to the rural population. 3 The initial Maoist strongholds were in western Nepal, in Rukum and Rolpa districts, which were the first to be declared \u0026amp;#39;liberated\u0026amp;#39; (with the establishment of PAGE 1 1 This paper, which is based on research which began in 1994, was written while the writer was a British Academy Post-doctoral Fellow. Recent fieldwork (October 2004 to October 2005) was funded by a British Academy Larger Research Grant. 2 Yet clashes with members of political parties and the police in far western Nepal as well as attacks on individuals began a few months earlier. 3 For the full list of demands see for example Thapa (2003: 391-5).","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Gil Daryn"}],"contributor":[],"dateCreated":"2022-02-06","dateModified":"2022-02-13","datePublished":null,"headline":"The End of Shangri-La: Self-Perpetuating Tendencies and Invisible Displacement in the Nepalese 'People's War' 1","inLanguage":"en","keywords":["Civil War","Modernity","Nepal","Development","Internal Displacement","problems of IDPs"],"locationCreated":null,"publication":null,"publisher":{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Organization","name":null},"image":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"url":"https://www.academia.edu/70668964/The_End_of_Shangri_La_Self_Perpetuating_Tendencies_and_Invisible_Displacement_in_the_Nepalese_Peoples_War_1","sourceOrganization":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"EducationalOrganization","name":null}]}</script><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_page/loswp-102fa537001ba4d8dcd921ad9bd56c474abc201906ea4843e7e7efe9dfbf561d.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/body-8d679e925718b5e8e4b18e9a4fab37f7eaa99e43386459376559080ac8f2856a.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/button-3cea6e0ad4715ed965c49bfb15dedfc632787b32ff6d8c3a474182b231146ab7.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/text_button-73590134e40cdb49f9abdc8e796cc00dc362693f3f0f6137d6cf9bb78c318ce7.css" /><link crossorigin="" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com/" rel="preconnect" /><link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=DM+Sans:ital,opsz,wght@0,9..40,100..1000;1,9..40,100..1000&family=Gupter:wght@400;500;700&family=IBM+Plex+Mono:wght@300;400&family=Material+Symbols+Outlined:opsz,wght,FILL,GRAD@20,400,0,0&display=swap" rel="stylesheet" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/common-10fa40af19d25203774df2d4a03b9b5771b45109c2304968038e88a81d1215c5.css" /> </head> <body> <div id='react-modal'></div> <div class="js-upgrade-ie-banner" style="display: none; text-align: center; padding: 8px 0; background-color: #ebe480;"><p style="color: #000; font-size: 12px; margin: 0 0 4px;">Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer.</p><p style="color: #000; font-size: 12px; margin: 0;">To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to <a href="https://www.academia.edu/upgrade-browser">upgrade your browser</a>.</p></div><script>// Show this banner for all versions of IE if (!!window.MSInputMethodContext || /(MSIE)/.test(navigator.userAgent)) { document.querySelector('.js-upgrade-ie-banner').style.display = 'block'; }</script> <div class="bootstrap login"><div class="modal fade login-modal" id="login-modal"><div class="login-modal-dialog modal-dialog"><div class="modal-content"><div class="modal-header"><button class="close close" data-dismiss="modal" type="button"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span><span class="sr-only">Close</span></button><h4 class="modal-title text-center"><strong>Log In</strong></h4></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><button class="btn btn-fb btn-lg btn-block btn-v-center-content" id="login-facebook-oauth-button"><svg style="float: left; width: 19px; line-height: 1em; margin-right: .3em;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="facebook-square" class="svg-inline--fa fa-facebook-square fa-w-14" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M400 32H48A48 48 0 0 0 0 80v352a48 48 0 0 0 48 48h137.25V327.69h-63V256h63v-54.64c0-62.15 37-96.48 93.67-96.48 27.14 0 55.52 4.84 55.52 4.84v61h-31.27c-30.81 0-40.42 19.12-40.42 38.73V256h68.78l-11 71.69h-57.78V480H400a48 48 0 0 0 48-48V80a48 48 0 0 0-48-48z"></path></svg><small><strong>Log in</strong> with <strong>Facebook</strong></small></button><br /><button class="btn btn-google btn-lg btn-block btn-v-center-content" id="login-google-oauth-button"><svg style="float: left; width: 22px; line-height: 1em; margin-right: .3em;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="google-plus" class="svg-inline--fa fa-google-plus fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256,8C119.1,8,8,119.1,8,256S119.1,504,256,504,504,392.9,504,256,392.9,8,256,8ZM185.3,380a124,124,0,0,1,0-248c31.3,0,60.1,11,83,32.3l-33.6,32.6c-13.2-12.9-31.3-19.1-49.4-19.1-42.9,0-77.2,35.5-77.2,78.1S142.3,334,185.3,334c32.6,0,64.9-19.1,70.1-53.3H185.3V238.1H302.2a109.2,109.2,0,0,1,1.9,20.7c0,70.8-47.5,121.2-118.8,121.2ZM415.5,273.8v35.5H380V273.8H344.5V238.3H380V202.8h35.5v35.5h35.2v35.5Z"></path></svg><small><strong>Log in</strong> with <strong>Google</strong></small></button><br /><style type="text/css">.sign-in-with-apple-button { width: 100%; height: 52px; border-radius: 3px; border: 1px solid black; cursor: pointer; }</style><script src="https://appleid.cdn-apple.com/appleauth/static/jsapi/appleid/1/en_US/appleid.auth.js" type="text/javascript"></script><div class="sign-in-with-apple-button" data-border="false" data-color="white" id="appleid-signin"><span   ="Sign Up with Apple" class="u-fs11"></span></div><script>AppleID.auth.init({ clientId: 'edu.academia.applesignon', scope: 'name email', redirectURI: 'https://www.academia.edu/sessions', state: "284d13194a3029e34aac8e1255f48603a7139aa436062145cc7ee18788accc02", });</script><script>// Hacky way of checking if on fast loswp if (window.loswp == null) { (function() { const Google = window?.Aedu?.Auth?.OauthButton?.Login?.Google; const Facebook = window?.Aedu?.Auth?.OauthButton?.Login?.Facebook; if (Google) { new Google({ el: '#login-google-oauth-button', rememberMeCheckboxId: 'remember_me', track: null }); } if (Facebook) { new Facebook({ el: '#login-facebook-oauth-button', rememberMeCheckboxId: 'remember_me', track: null }); } })(); }</script></div></div></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><div class="hr-heading login-hr-heading"><span class="hr-heading-text">or</span></div></div></div></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><form class="js-login-form" action="https://www.academia.edu/sessions" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="✓" autocomplete="off" /><input type="hidden" name="authenticity_token" value="ZHgDt81zSqcz3Sw/DYRgYVaTkKglD75p3r3/OKe22ngTRTj3aoQiALMytlbfKXrKSLIHCn13lpJBeFk7wHs4zw==" autocomplete="off" /><div class="form-group"><label class="control-label" for="login-modal-email-input" style="font-size: 14px;">Email</label><input class="form-control" id="login-modal-email-input" name="login" type="email" /></div><div class="form-group"><label class="control-label" for="login-modal-password-input" style="font-size: 14px;">Password</label><input class="form-control" id="login-modal-password-input" name="password" type="password" /></div><input type="hidden" name="post_login_redirect_url" id="post_login_redirect_url" value="https://www.academia.edu/70668964/The_End_of_Shangri_La_Self_Perpetuating_Tendencies_and_Invisible_Displacement_in_the_Nepalese_Peoples_War_1" autocomplete="off" /><div class="checkbox"><label><input type="checkbox" name="remember_me" id="remember_me" value="1" checked="checked" /><small style="font-size: 12px; margin-top: 2px; display: inline-block;">Remember me on this computer</small></label></div><br><input type="submit" name="commit" value="Log In" class="btn btn-primary btn-block btn-lg js-login-submit" data-disable-with="Log In" /></br></form><script>typeof window?.Aedu?.recaptchaManagedForm === 'function' && window.Aedu.recaptchaManagedForm( document.querySelector('.js-login-form'), document.querySelector('.js-login-submit') );</script><small style="font-size: 12px;"><br />or <a data-target="#login-modal-reset-password-container" data-toggle="collapse" href="javascript:void(0)">reset password</a></small><div class="collapse" id="login-modal-reset-password-container"><br /><div class="well margin-0x"><form class="js-password-reset-form" action="https://www.academia.edu/reset_password" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="✓" autocomplete="off" /><input type="hidden" name="authenticity_token" value="L18dsrkckEE2qUYWfdir25yjxkJjYZuSOm8SkEh15xVYYibyHuv45rZG3H+vdbFwgoJR4DsZs2mlqrSTL7gFog==" autocomplete="off" /><p>Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link.</p><div class="form-group"><input class="form-control" name="email" type="email" /></div><input class="btn btn-primary btn-block g-recaptcha js-password-reset-submit" data-sitekey="6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj" type="submit" value="Email me a link" /></form></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/collapse-45805421cf446ca5adf7aaa1935b08a3a8d1d9a6cc5d91a62a2a3a00b20b3e6a.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb $("#login-modal-reset-password-container").on("shown.bs.collapse", function() { $(this).find("input[type=email]").focus(); }); }); </script> </div></div></div><div class="modal-footer"><div class="text-center"><small style="font-size: 12px;">Need an account? <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Click here to sign up</a></small></div></div></div></div></div></div><script>// If we are on subdomain or non-bootstrapped page, redirect to login page instead of showing modal (function(){ if (typeof $ === 'undefined') return; var host = window.location.hostname; if ((host === $domain || host === "www."+$domain) && (typeof $().modal === 'function')) { $("#nav_log_in").click(function(e) { // Don't follow the link and open the modal e.preventDefault(); $("#login-modal").on('shown.bs.modal', function() { $(this).find("#login-modal-email-input").focus() }).modal('show'); }); } })()</script> <div id="fb-root"></div><script>window.fbAsyncInit = function() { FB.init({ appId: "2369844204", version: "v8.0", status: true, cookie: true, xfbml: true }); // Additional initialization code. if (window.InitFacebook) { // facebook.ts already loaded, set it up. window.InitFacebook(); } else { // Set a flag for facebook.ts to find when it loads. window.academiaAuthReadyFacebook = true; } };</script> <div id="google-root"></div><script>window.loadGoogle = function() { if (window.InitGoogle) { // google.ts already loaded, set it up. window.InitGoogle("331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b"); } else { // Set a flag for google.ts to use when it loads. window.GoogleClientID = "331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b"; } };</script> <div class="header--container" id="main-header-container"><div class="header--inner-container header--inner-container-ds2"><div class="header-ds2--left-wrapper"><div class="header-ds2--left-wrapper-inner"><a data-main-header-link-target="logo_home" href="https://www.academia.edu/"><img class="hide-on-desktop-redesign" style="height: 24px; width: 24px;" alt="Academia.edu" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015-A.svg" width="24" height="24" /><img width="145.2" height="18" class="hide-on-mobile-redesign" style="height: 24px;" alt="Academia.edu" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015.svg" /></a><div class="header--search-container header--search-container-ds2"><form class="js-SiteSearch-form select2-no-default-pills" action="https://www.academia.edu/search" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="get"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="✓" autocomplete="off" /><svg style="width: 14px; height: 14px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="search" class="header--search-icon svg-inline--fa fa-search fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M505 442.7L405.3 343c-4.5-4.5-10.6-7-17-7H372c27.6-35.3 44-79.7 44-128C416 93.1 322.9 0 208 0S0 93.1 0 208s93.1 208 208 208c48.3 0 92.7-16.4 128-44v16.3c0 6.4 2.5 12.5 7 17l99.7 99.7c9.4 9.4 24.6 9.4 33.9 0l28.3-28.3c9.4-9.4 9.4-24.6.1-34zM208 336c-70.7 0-128-57.2-128-128 0-70.7 57.2-128 128-128 70.7 0 128 57.2 128 128 0 70.7-57.2 128-128 128z"></path></svg><input class="header--search-input header--search-input-ds2 js-SiteSearch-form-input" data-main-header-click-target="search_input" name="q" placeholder="Search" type="text" /></form></div></div></div><nav class="header--nav-buttons header--nav-buttons-ds2 js-main-nav"><a class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-header-login-url header-button-ds2 header-login-ds2 hide-on-mobile-redesign" href="https://www.academia.edu/login" rel="nofollow">Log In</a><a class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary header-button-ds2 hide-on-mobile-redesign" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup" rel="nofollow">Sign Up</a><button class="header--hamburger-button header--hamburger-button-ds2 hide-on-desktop-redesign js-header-hamburger-button"><div class="icon-bar"></div><div class="icon-bar" style="margin-top: 4px;"></div><div class="icon-bar" style="margin-top: 4px;"></div></button></nav></div><ul class="header--dropdown-container js-header-dropdown"><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/login" rel="nofollow">Log In</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup" rel="nofollow">Sign Up</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row js-header-dropdown-expand-button"><button class="header--dropdown-button">more<svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="caret-down" class="header--dropdown-button-icon svg-inline--fa fa-caret-down fa-w-10" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M31.3 192h257.3c17.8 0 26.7 21.5 14.1 34.1L174.1 354.8c-7.8 7.8-20.5 7.8-28.3 0L17.2 226.1C4.6 213.5 13.5 192 31.3 192z"></path></svg></button></li><li><ul class="header--expanded-dropdown-container"><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/about">About</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/press">Press</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://medium.com/@academia">Blog</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/documents">Papers</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/terms">Terms</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/privacy">Privacy</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/copyright">Copyright</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/hiring"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="briefcase" class="header--dropdown-row-icon svg-inline--fa fa-briefcase fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M320 336c0 8.84-7.16 16-16 16h-96c-8.84 0-16-7.16-16-16v-48H0v144c0 25.6 22.4 48 48 48h416c25.6 0 48-22.4 48-48V288H320v48zm144-208h-80V80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48H176c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v48H48c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v80h512v-80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48zm-144 0H192V96h128v32z"></path></svg>We're Hiring!</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://support.academia.edu/"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="question-circle" class="header--dropdown-row-icon svg-inline--fa fa-question-circle fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M504 256c0 136.997-111.043 248-248 248S8 392.997 8 256C8 119.083 119.043 8 256 8s248 111.083 248 248zM262.655 90c-54.497 0-89.255 22.957-116.549 63.758-3.536 5.286-2.353 12.415 2.715 16.258l34.699 26.31c5.205 3.947 12.621 3.008 16.665-2.122 17.864-22.658 30.113-35.797 57.303-35.797 20.429 0 45.698 13.148 45.698 32.958 0 14.976-12.363 22.667-32.534 33.976C247.128 238.528 216 254.941 216 296v4c0 6.627 5.373 12 12 12h56c6.627 0 12-5.373 12-12v-1.333c0-28.462 83.186-29.647 83.186-106.667 0-58.002-60.165-102-116.531-102zM256 338c-25.365 0-46 20.635-46 46 0 25.364 20.635 46 46 46s46-20.636 46-46c0-25.365-20.635-46-46-46z"></path></svg>Help Center</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row js-header-dropdown-collapse-button"><button class="header--dropdown-button">less<svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="caret-up" class="header--dropdown-button-icon svg-inline--fa fa-caret-up fa-w-10" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M288.662 352H31.338c-17.818 0-26.741-21.543-14.142-34.142l128.662-128.662c7.81-7.81 20.474-7.81 28.284 0l128.662 128.662c12.6 12.599 3.676 34.142-14.142 34.142z"></path></svg></button></li></ul></li></ul></div> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/fast_loswp-bundle-86832e264efa375cdd3fa5979579c95643bf6a5c1b20c95ec7a98005fcb4b9a4.js" defer="defer"></script><script>window.loswp = {}; window.loswp.author = 112752651; window.loswp.bulkDownloadFilterCounts = {}; window.loswp.hasDownloadableAttachment = true; window.loswp.hasViewableAttachments = true; // TODO: just use routes for this window.loswp.loginUrl = "https://www.academia.edu/login?post_login_redirect_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F70668964%2FThe_End_of_Shangri_La_Self_Perpetuating_Tendencies_and_Invisible_Displacement_in_the_Nepalese_Peoples_War_1%3Fauto%3Ddownload"; window.loswp.translateUrl = "https://www.academia.edu/login?post_login_redirect_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F70668964%2FThe_End_of_Shangri_La_Self_Perpetuating_Tendencies_and_Invisible_Displacement_in_the_Nepalese_Peoples_War_1%3Fshow_translation%3Dtrue"; window.loswp.previewableAttachments = [{"id":80323254,"identifier":"Attachment_80323254","shouldShowBulkDownload":false}]; window.loswp.shouldDetectTimezone = true; window.loswp.shouldShowBulkDownload = true; window.loswp.showSignupCaptcha = false window.loswp.willEdgeCache = false; window.loswp.work = {"work":{"id":70668964,"created_at":"2022-02-06T02:26:21.463-08:00","from_world_paper_id":null,"updated_at":"2024-07-25T14:07:02.075-07:00","_data":{"abstract":"The Maoist insurgency in Nepal, or the 'People's War' as it is locally called, which reached its 10 th anniversary in February 2006, appears to have come to an end with the signing of a peace agreement in June 2006.. This calls for reflection and retrospective examination of the war and its corollaries, which the present paper attempts to do via a discussion of two of the most disturbing aspects of the conflict. First is its tendency to perpetuate itself, that is, to recreate the initial conditions which led to it and exacerbate the grievances that fuelled its incipient stages. The second is the relative invisibility of both the war itself and particularly of many of its victims. Prior to embarking upon this, and in order to place the ensuing discussion in the appropriate historical context, I shall briefly outline some of the main 'milestones' and features of the conflict. The insurgency was officially launched by the CPNM (Communist Party of Nepal, Maoist, referred to as Maoists herein) on 13 February 1996, just four days before an ultimatum they delivered to the government, requesting that the latter respond to a list of forty demands, 2 was due to expire. Among these were the demands to end discrimination on any basis, be it gender, ethnic, caste and the like, the need to guarantee the freedom of press and publication, the call for substantial land reforms giving land ownership rights to those who cultivate it, the implementation of a minimum wage for workers, free education and health services, and the provision of drinking water, road and electricity to the rural population. 3 The initial Maoist strongholds were in western Nepal, in Rukum and Rolpa districts, which were the first to be declared 'liberated' (with the establishment of PAGE 1 1 This paper, which is based on research which began in 1994, was written while the writer was a British Academy Post-doctoral Fellow. Recent fieldwork (October 2004 to October 2005) was funded by a British Academy Larger Research Grant. 2 Yet clashes with members of political parties and the police in far western Nepal as well as attacks on individuals began a few months earlier. 3 For the full list of demands see for example Thapa (2003: 391-5)."},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"The End of Shangri-La: Self-Perpetuating Tendencies and Invisible Displacement in the Nepalese 'People's War' 1","broadcastable":true,"draft":false,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [112752651]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "control"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loswp.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":80323254,"attachmentType":"doc"}"><img alt="First page of “The End of Shangri-La: Self-Perpetuating Tendencies and Invisible Displacement in the Nepalese 'People's War' 1”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/80323254/mini_magick20220206-23344-5j25ln.png?1644143188" /><img alt="Academia Logo" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/academia-logo-redesign-2015-A-971495bd31377b9367f5ce5ca92bbc27dd8a843db989cbce3408389c670b62c0.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free DOC</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">The End of Shangri-La: Self-Perpetuating Tendencies and Invisible Displacement in the Nepalese 'People's War' 1</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="112752651" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DarynGil"><img alt="Profile image of Gil Daryn" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/112752651/37078478/31508001/s65_gil.daryn.jpg" />Gil Daryn</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">The Maoist insurgency in Nepal, or the 'People's War' as it is locally called, which reached its 10 th anniversary in February 2006, appears to have come to an end with the signing of a peace agreement in June 2006.. This calls for reflection and retrospective examination of the war and its corollaries, which the present paper attempts to do via a discussion of two of the most disturbing aspects of the conflict. First is its tendency to perpetuate itself, that is, to recreate the initial conditions which led to it and exacerbate the grievances that fuelled its incipient stages. The second is the relative invisibility of both the war itself and particularly of many of its victims. Prior to embarking upon this, and in order to place the ensuing discussion in the appropriate historical context, I shall briefly outline some of the main 'milestones' and features of the conflict. The insurgency was officially launched by the CPNM (Communist Party of Nepal, Maoist, referred to as Maoists herein) on 13 February 1996, just four days before an ultimatum they delivered to the government, requesting that the latter respond to a list of forty demands, 2 was due to expire. Among these were the demands to end discrimination on any basis, be it gender, ethnic, caste and the like, the need to guarantee the freedom of press and publication, the call for substantial land reforms giving land ownership rights to those who cultivate it, the implementation of a minimum wage for workers, free education and health services, and the provision of drinking water, road and electricity to the rural population. 3 The initial Maoist strongholds were in western Nepal, in Rukum and Rolpa districts, which were the first to be declared 'liberated' (with the establishment of PAGE 1 1 This paper, which is based on research which began in 1994, was written while the writer was a British Academy Post-doctoral Fellow. Recent fieldwork (October 2004 to October 2005) was funded by a British Academy Larger Research Grant. 2 Yet clashes with members of political parties and the police in far western Nepal as well as attacks on individuals began a few months earlier. 3 For the full list of demands see for example Thapa (2003: 391-5).</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":80323254,"attachmentType":"doc","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/70668964/The_End_of_Shangri_La_Self_Perpetuating_Tendencies_and_Invisible_Displacement_in_the_Nepalese_Peoples_War_1"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":80323254,"attachmentType":"doc","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/70668964/The_End_of_Shangri_La_Self_Perpetuating_Tendencies_and_Invisible_Displacement_in_the_Nepalese_Peoples_War_1"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div></div><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-doc_id="80323254" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/70668964/The_End_of_Shangri_La_Self_Perpetuating_Tendencies_and_Invisible_Displacement_in_the_Nepalese_Peoples_War_1" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><div class="ds-top-related-works--grid-container"><div class="ds-related-content--container ds-top-related-works--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="4746484" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4746484/The_Maoist_Insurgency_in_Nepal">The Maoist Insurgency in Nepal</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="178937" href="https://southasianuniversity.academia.edu/MallikaShakya">mallika Shakya</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Maoist Insurgency in Nepal","attachmentId":32060068,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/4746484/The_Maoist_Insurgency_in_Nepal","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/4746484/The_Maoist_Insurgency_in_Nepal"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="38325490" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38325490/Maoist_Movement_in_Nepal_A_Long_Run_and_Large_Scale_Perspective_pdf">Maoist Movement in Nepal: A Long Run and Large Scale Perspective.pdf</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="97487959" href="https://tribhuvan.academia.edu/SitaBohara">Sita Bohara</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">In 2006AD there was a massive changes; millions of people took to the streets calling for democracy and freedom. The 2006 Maoist movement is a one of the biggest movements in Nepal as known as a kind of revolution. It's known as political achievement against the direct power of king Gyanedra Shah who had an absolute power to control or rule for all people of Nepal. There have been various causes of that movement. There was hierarchy relationship of lower class and upper class, oppressed groups, peasant, state structure, bureaucracy and others. The Maoist movement of Nepal has been a product of its socio-economic and political context. This paper tries to analysis and explores the Maoist movement trough the large-scale and long run perspective. According to this perspective, there was various causes changed in both state institutions and social structures and its outcomes is still showing respectively, many outcomes have to be come. Past conflicts and institutional structures have long term effects and are of critical importance for later development and have large scale impact in structure. Large scale history defines its scope on major structures or international factors, defines the outcomes to be studied in larger terms; and the causes for these outcomes are determined by large structures, international ideology, psychology and others.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Maoist Movement in Nepal: A Long Run and Large Scale Perspective.pdf","attachmentId":58375961,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/38325490/Maoist_Movement_in_Nepal_A_Long_Run_and_Large_Scale_Perspective_pdf","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/38325490/Maoist_Movement_in_Nepal_A_Long_Run_and_Large_Scale_Perspective_pdf"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="27647902" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/27647902/A_perspective_on_the_Maoist_Movement_in_Nepal">A perspective on the Maoist Movement in Nepal</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="15747362" href="https://cdgtu.academia.edu/SeniorAdvocateKhimlalDevkota">Senior Advocate Khimlal Devkota</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Nepal is a land locked country. It is famous for its diversity, in terms of geography, culture, economy, religion, ethnicity social structures,economic class and others. These diversities have made the land fertile for creating revolutionary movements. Though never directly colonized, the country has faced many political movements. The decade long people's war that ended a few years ago is the most prominent among them. The first part of this book covers basic information about Nepal. The second part examines the socio-economic realities of Nepalese society in addition to presenting prominent historical events that led to the emergence of the Maoist movement. This chapter will mainly analyse the characteristics of Nepalese society in detail and provide a concrete analysis of how that supported envisioning of a pragmatic Marxist path in Nepal. Similarly, the third part focuses on the theoretical development of Marxism- Leninism- Maoism (MLM)in the Nepalese context. In Nepal, we tried to develop Marxism which is both compatible to the internal context of Nepal as well as to the changing international context of the 21st century. This part will also talk about the pragmatic approaches taken to implement MLM in Nepal. Further, a class analysis of Nepalese society will be also provided, along with problem analysis, and strategies and tactics adopted by Russian and Chinese model of revolution. This part will also explain the development of 'Prachanda path' and the model of democracy in the 21st century. The fourth part of the book will depict events that have shaped the Maoist movement in Nepal in a chorological order. The fifth part of the book provides insight on the experience of tactical flexibility and strategic rigidity adopted by the party. This part also highlights the responsibility of the party in A perspective on the Maoist Movement in Nepal adaptation of Marxism, fighting against imperialism and addressing the demand of rising middle class in the 21st century. Likewise, the part six focuses on the achievement of the Maoist movement following the peace accord, mainly the declaration of republic, and the election to the constitute assembly. Part seven lays out the conclusion which gives plausible explanations behind the achievements of the Maoist movement in Nepal. This part emphasizes on pragmatic challenges of the party in national and international milieu. In a nutshell, this book will give an overview of the Unified Maoist Party of Nepal. Specially form people’s war to peace process including Integration and Rehabititation of PLA Negotiation for Constitation writing. Most important political document of the party has been placed in annex would be more helpful for readers.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"A perspective on the Maoist Movement in Nepal","attachmentId":47914059,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/27647902/A_perspective_on_the_Maoist_Movement_in_Nepal","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/27647902/A_perspective_on_the_Maoist_Movement_in_Nepal"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="10787550" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/10787550/The_Strategic_Revolutionary_Phases_of_the_Maoist_Insurgency_in_Nepal">The Strategic Revolutionary Phases of the Maoist Insurgency in Nepal</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="932687" href="https://uio.academia.edu/JasonMiklian">Jason Miklian</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This article traces the path of the Communist Party of Nepal-Maoist ascent to power from the start of Nepal's 1996-2006 civil war to its end. In the pattern of several other movements inspired by the success of Mao’s 1948 take-over of the Chinese state, the Maoists of Nepal tactically fought their war in stages, consisting of creation, expansion, and consolidation. Re-examining the lifecycle of Nepal’s Civil War in this context allows us to better understand: the course of events and the timing of significant episodes; the decisions that Maoist leadership made; and what techniques the Maoists used in order to make in-roads during each phase of the conflict.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Strategic Revolutionary Phases of the Maoist Insurgency in Nepal","attachmentId":36634324,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/10787550/The_Strategic_Revolutionary_Phases_of_the_Maoist_Insurgency_in_Nepal","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/10787550/The_Strategic_Revolutionary_Phases_of_the_Maoist_Insurgency_in_Nepal"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="102644723" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/102644723/Judith_Pettigrew_Maoists_at_the_Hearth_Everyday_Life_in_Nepals_Civil_War">Judith Pettigrew, Maoists at the Hearth: Everyday Life in Nepal's Civil War</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="612677" href="https://gcsu.academia.edu/AmyLeighJohnson">Amy Leigh Johnson</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies, 2014</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Judith Pettigrew, Maoists at the Hearth: Everyday Life in Nepal's Civil War","attachmentId":102860624,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/102644723/Judith_Pettigrew_Maoists_at_the_Hearth_Everyday_Life_in_Nepals_Civil_War","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/102644723/Judith_Pettigrew_Maoists_at_the_Hearth_Everyday_Life_in_Nepals_Civil_War"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="94305518" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/94305518/The_Maoist_movement_and_the_threat_to_democracy_in_Nepal">The Maoist movement and the threat to democracy in Nepal</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="145106068" href="https://independent.academia.edu/StephenMikesell">Stephen Mikesell</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">… Journal of the Association for Nepal …, 2001</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Maoist movement and the threat to democracy in Nepal","attachmentId":96799631,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/94305518/The_Maoist_movement_and_the_threat_to_democracy_in_Nepal","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/94305518/The_Maoist_movement_and_the_threat_to_democracy_in_Nepal"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="1341617" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1341617/No_end_to_Nepals_Maoist_rebellion">No end to Nepal's Maoist rebellion</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1180414" href="https://uni-bielefeld.academia.edu/JoannaPfaffCzarnecka">Joanna Pfaff-Czarnecka</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Focaal, 2005</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"No end to Nepal's Maoist rebellion","attachmentId":8326856,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/1341617/No_end_to_Nepals_Maoist_rebellion","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/1341617/No_end_to_Nepals_Maoist_rebellion"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="30824616" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/30824616/Achieving_Peace_and_Order_in_Nepal_in_the_Context_of_Maoist_Insurgency">Achieving Peace and Order in Nepal in the Context of Maoist Insurgency</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="8229085" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DwarikaDhungel">Dwarika Dhungel</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Achieving Peace and Order in Nepal in the Context of Maoist Insurgency","attachmentId":51257697,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/30824616/Achieving_Peace_and_Order_in_Nepal_in_the_Context_of_Maoist_Insurgency","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/30824616/Achieving_Peace_and_Order_in_Nepal_in_the_Context_of_Maoist_Insurgency"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="19768613" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/19768613/Maoists_in_Eastern_Nepal_The_example_of_Khotang">Maoists in Eastern Nepal: The example of Khotang</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1367608" href="https://ehess.academia.edu/PustakGhimire">Pustak Ghimire</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Revolution in Nepal (Book)</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">In Khotang district, the Maoist takeover was facilitated by the fragilities of a quarrelsome village society, the declining influence of those wielding authority locally during the 1990s, the army’s disproportionate brutality, and the ‘run for your life’ movement that was rife among village headmen, local officials, and the young generation. Too few to get involved in the daily administration, the insurgents concentrated on the expulsion of the police force, the taming of local notables, and the moral regeneration of villagers. While maintaining the hope of a radical change among their supporters, the Maoists did not implement any long-lasting revolutionary measures in economic and social affairs. While, on the whole, the Maobadis proved to play a finely tuned game, their ambiguities stirred up a widespread wait-and-see attitude among the majority of pussyfooted villagers, who may have granted them only questionable, perhaps temporary, support.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Maoists in Eastern Nepal: The example of Khotang","attachmentId":40833871,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/19768613/Maoists_in_Eastern_Nepal_The_example_of_Khotang","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/19768613/Maoists_in_Eastern_Nepal_The_example_of_Khotang"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="2688455" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2688455/Evolution_of_Maoism_in_Nepal_Understanding_Maoist_Insurgency_from_Wider_Perspective">Evolution of Maoism in Nepal: Understanding Maoist Insurgency from Wider Perspective</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="209588" href="https://tribhuvan.academia.edu/Thapa">Manish Thapa</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2005</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Abstract This paper examines the root causes of Maoist Insurgency in Nepal. There has been a lot of scholarly debates and analysis to find out the root cause of evolution of Maoist insurgency in Nepal. But all of these debates, literatures and analysis are written from various perspectives. So this article would review all these debates, literature and analysis and provides an intensive framework to understand the root cause of evolution of Maoist Insurgency in Nepal.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Evolution of Maoism in Nepal: Understanding Maoist Insurgency from Wider Perspective","attachmentId":30682553,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/2688455/Evolution_of_Maoism_in_Nepal_Understanding_Maoist_Insurgency_from_Wider_Perspective","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/2688455/Evolution_of_Maoism_in_Nepal_Understanding_Maoist_Insurgency_from_Wider_Perspective"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":80323254,"attachmentType":"doc","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":80323254,"attachmentType":"doc","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_80323254" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sidebar--container js-work-sidebar"><div class="ds-related-content--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="28351365" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/28351365/Book_review_of_The_Maoist_Insurgency_in_Nepal_Revolution_in_the_21st_Century_edited_by_Mahendra_Lawoti_and_Anup_K_Pahari">Book review of 'The Maoist Insurgency in Nepal: Revolution in the 21st Century' edited by Mahendra Lawoti and Anup K. Pahari</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="6216504" href="https://niu.academia.edu/ChesThurber">Ches Thurber</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Himalaya the Journal of the Association For Nepal and Himalayan Studies, 2014</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Book review of 'The Maoist Insurgency in Nepal: Revolution in the 21st Century' edited by Mahendra Lawoti and Anup K. Pahari","attachmentId":48684391,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/28351365/Book_review_of_The_Maoist_Insurgency_in_Nepal_Revolution_in_the_21st_Century_edited_by_Mahendra_Lawoti_and_Anup_K_Pahari","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/28351365/Book_review_of_The_Maoist_Insurgency_in_Nepal_Revolution_in_the_21st_Century_edited_by_Mahendra_Lawoti_and_Anup_K_Pahari"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="18075198" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/18075198/Strategic_Revolutionary_Phases_of_the_Maoist_Insurgency_in_Nepal">Strategic Revolutionary Phases of the Maoist Insurgency in Nepal</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="38024784" href="https://prio.academia.edu/ScottGates">Scott Gates</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2010</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Strategic Revolutionary Phases of the Maoist Insurgency in Nepal","attachmentId":39862527,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/18075198/Strategic_Revolutionary_Phases_of_the_Maoist_Insurgency_in_Nepal","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/18075198/Strategic_Revolutionary_Phases_of_the_Maoist_Insurgency_in_Nepal"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="90091537" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/90091537/Introduction_to_the_Proceedings_of_the_ANHS_Pre_Conference_2002_War_on_Terrorism_War_as_Terrorism_The_Maoist_Rebellion_in_Nepal">Introduction to the Proceedings of the ANHS Pre-Conference 2002 War on Terrorism, War as Terrorism: The Maoist Rebellion in Nepal</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="52125391" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JohnMetz1">John Metz</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Himalaya the Journal of the Association For Nepal and Himalayan Studies, 2003</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Introduction to the Proceedings of the ANHS Pre-Conference 2002 War on Terrorism, War as Terrorism: The Maoist Rebellion in Nepal","attachmentId":93750324,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/90091537/Introduction_to_the_Proceedings_of_the_ANHS_Pre_Conference_2002_War_on_Terrorism_War_as_Terrorism_The_Maoist_Rebellion_in_Nepal","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/90091537/Introduction_to_the_Proceedings_of_the_ANHS_Pre_Conference_2002_War_on_Terrorism_War_as_Terrorism_The_Maoist_Rebellion_in_Nepal"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="9759992" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/9759992/Regicide_and_Maoist_Revolutionary_Warfare_in_Nepal_The_Modern_Incarnations_of_a_Warrior_Kingdom_Anthropology_Today_February_2004_20_1_13_19_Translated_by_David_N_Gellner">Regicide and Maoist Revolutionary Warfare in Nepal: The Modern Incarnations of a Warrior Kingdom. Anthropology Today, February 2004, 20 (1): 13-19. Translated by David. N. Gellner.</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="694866" href="https://oxford.academia.edu/DavidGellner">David Gellner</a><span>, </span><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="23437114" href="https://cnrs.academia.edu/MarieLecomteTilouine">Marie Lecomte-Tilouine</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Regicide and Maoist Revolutionary Warfare in Nepal: The Modern Incarnations of a Warrior Kingdom. Anthropology Today, February 2004, 20 (1): 13-19. Translated by David. N. Gellner.","attachmentId":35941094,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/9759992/Regicide_and_Maoist_Revolutionary_Warfare_in_Nepal_The_Modern_Incarnations_of_a_Warrior_Kingdom_Anthropology_Today_February_2004_20_1_13_19_Translated_by_David_N_Gellner","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/9759992/Regicide_and_Maoist_Revolutionary_Warfare_in_Nepal_The_Modern_Incarnations_of_a_Warrior_Kingdom_Anthropology_Today_February_2004_20_1_13_19_Translated_by_David_N_Gellner"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="9746707" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/9746707/Fighting_with_ideas_Maoist_and_popular_conceptions_of_the_People_s_war_in_Nepal_In_Armed_Militias_of_South_Asia_Fundamentalists_Maoists_and_Separatists_C_Jaffrelot_and_L_Gayer_eds_London_Hurst_New_York_Columbia_University_Press_2010_p_65_90">Fighting with ideas. Maoist and popular conceptions of the People’s war in Nepal. In Armed Militias of South Asia: Fundamentalists, Maoists, and Separatists, C. Jaffrelot and L. Gayer eds. London: Hurst/New York: Columbia University Press, 2010. p. 65-90.</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="23437114" href="https://cnrs.academia.edu/MarieLecomteTilouine">Marie Lecomte-Tilouine</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Fighting with ideas. Maoist and popular conceptions of the People’s war in Nepal. In Armed Militias of South Asia: Fundamentalists, Maoists, and Separatists, C. Jaffrelot and L. Gayer eds. London: Hurst/New York: Columbia University Press, 2010. p. 65-90.","attachmentId":37068023,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/9746707/Fighting_with_ideas_Maoist_and_popular_conceptions_of_the_People_s_war_in_Nepal_In_Armed_Militias_of_South_Asia_Fundamentalists_Maoists_and_Separatists_C_Jaffrelot_and_L_Gayer_eds_London_Hurst_New_York_Columbia_University_Press_2010_p_65_90","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/9746707/Fighting_with_ideas_Maoist_and_popular_conceptions_of_the_People_s_war_in_Nepal_In_Armed_Militias_of_South_Asia_Fundamentalists_Maoists_and_Separatists_C_Jaffrelot_and_L_Gayer_eds_London_Hurst_New_York_Columbia_University_Press_2010_p_65_90"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="11375533" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/11375533/The_green_roots_of_red_rebellion_Environmental_degradation_and_the_rise_of_the_Maoist_movement_in_Nepal">The green roots of red rebellion: Environmental degradation and the rise of the Maoist movement in Nepal</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="27653769" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SaleemAli10">Saleem Ali</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">The Maoist insurgency in Nepal: Dynamics and growth …, 2009</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The green roots of red rebellion: Environmental degradation and the rise of the Maoist movement in Nepal","attachmentId":46744346,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/11375533/The_green_roots_of_red_rebellion_Environmental_degradation_and_the_rise_of_the_Maoist_movement_in_Nepal","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/11375533/The_green_roots_of_red_rebellion_Environmental_degradation_and_the_rise_of_the_Maoist_movement_in_Nepal"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="104913341" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/104913341/Unexpected_Consequences_of_Everyday_Life_During_the_Maoist_Insurgency_in_Nepal">Unexpected Consequences of Everyday Life During the Maoist Insurgency in Nepal</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="454237" href="https://limerick.academia.edu/Judipettigrew">Judith pettigrew</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Unexpected Consequences of Everyday Life During the Maoist Insurgency in Nepal","attachmentId":104513808,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/104913341/Unexpected_Consequences_of_Everyday_Life_During_the_Maoist_Insurgency_in_Nepal","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/104913341/Unexpected_Consequences_of_Everyday_Life_During_the_Maoist_Insurgency_in_Nepal"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="98554933" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/98554933/Towards_a_great_Transformation_The_Maoist_Insurgency_and_Local_Perceptions_of_Social_Transformation_in_Nepal">Towards a “great Transformation”?: The Maoist Insurgency and Local Perceptions of Social Transformation in Nepal</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32502156" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JeevanSharma3">Jeevan Sharma</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2010</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Towards a “great Transformation”?: The Maoist Insurgency and Local Perceptions of Social Transformation in Nepal","attachmentId":99873331,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/98554933/Towards_a_great_Transformation_The_Maoist_Insurgency_and_Local_Perceptions_of_Social_Transformation_in_Nepal","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/98554933/Towards_a_great_Transformation_The_Maoist_Insurgency_and_Local_Perceptions_of_Social_Transformation_in_Nepal"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="10972294" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/10972294/Introduction_In_Revolution_in_Nepal_An_Anthropological_and_Historical_Approach_to_the_People_s_war_M_Lecomte_Tilouine_ed_New_Delhi_OUP_2013_1_26">Introduction. In Revolution in Nepal: An Anthropological and Historical Approach to the People’s war, M. Lecomte-Tilouine ed. New Delhi: OUP, 2013: 1-26.</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="23437114" href="https://cnrs.academia.edu/MarieLecomteTilouine">Marie Lecomte-Tilouine</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Introduction. In Revolution in Nepal: An Anthropological and Historical Approach to the People’s war, M. Lecomte-Tilouine ed. New Delhi: OUP, 2013: 1-26.","attachmentId":36717857,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/10972294/Introduction_In_Revolution_in_Nepal_An_Anthropological_and_Historical_Approach_to_the_People_s_war_M_Lecomte_Tilouine_ed_New_Delhi_OUP_2013_1_26","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/10972294/Introduction_In_Revolution_in_Nepal_An_Anthropological_and_Historical_Approach_to_the_People_s_war_M_Lecomte_Tilouine_ed_New_Delhi_OUP_2013_1_26"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="16288591" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/16288591/Political_Change_and_Cultural_Revolution_in_a_Maoist_Model_Village_Mid_Western_Nepal_In_The_Maoist_Insurgency_in_Nepal_Dynamics_and_Growth_in_the_Twenty_First_Century_M_Lawoti_and_A_Pahari_eds_Londres_Routledge_2010_115_132">Political Change and Cultural Revolution in a Maoist Model Village, Mid-Western Nepal. In The Maoist Insurgency in Nepal: Dynamics and Growth in the Twenty-First Century, M. Lawoti & A. Pahari eds., Londres: Routledge. 2010: 115-132.</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="23437114" href="https://cnrs.academia.edu/MarieLecomteTilouine">Marie Lecomte-Tilouine</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Political Change and Cultural Revolution in a Maoist Model Village, Mid-Western Nepal. In The Maoist Insurgency in Nepal: Dynamics and Growth in the Twenty-First Century, M. Lawoti \u0026 A. Pahari eds., Londres: Routledge. 2010: 115-132.","attachmentId":38926254,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/16288591/Political_Change_and_Cultural_Revolution_in_a_Maoist_Model_Village_Mid_Western_Nepal_In_The_Maoist_Insurgency_in_Nepal_Dynamics_and_Growth_in_the_Twenty_First_Century_M_Lawoti_and_A_Pahari_eds_Londres_Routledge_2010_115_132","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/16288591/Political_Change_and_Cultural_Revolution_in_a_Maoist_Model_Village_Mid_Western_Nepal_In_The_Maoist_Insurgency_in_Nepal_Dynamics_and_Growth_in_the_Twenty_First_Century_M_Lawoti_and_A_Pahari_eds_Londres_Routledge_2010_115_132"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="10" data-entity-id="16460796" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/16460796/Nepal_s_Maoists_from_violent_revolution_to_nonviolent_political_activism">Nepal’s Maoists: from violent revolution to nonviolent political activism</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="252454" href="https://bnu.academia.edu/LittleRedJOHNSON">Yawen ANDERSON</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Nepal’s Maoists: from violent revolution to nonviolent political activism","attachmentId":39003854,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/16460796/Nepal_s_Maoists_from_violent_revolution_to_nonviolent_political_activism","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/16460796/Nepal_s_Maoists_from_violent_revolution_to_nonviolent_political_activism"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="11" data-entity-id="2013343" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2013343/How_Not_to_Wage_a_Counter_Insurgency_Nepal_the_Maoists_and_Human_Rights">How Not to Wage a Counter-Insurgency: Nepal, the Maoists, and Human Rights</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2628887" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SujanShakya">Sujan Shakya</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Hum. Rts. Br., 2004</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"How Not to Wage a Counter-Insurgency: Nepal, the Maoists, and Human Rights","attachmentId":29265282,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/2013343/How_Not_to_Wage_a_Counter_Insurgency_Nepal_the_Maoists_and_Human_Rights","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/2013343/How_Not_to_Wage_a_Counter_Insurgency_Nepal_the_Maoists_and_Human_Rights"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="12" data-entity-id="112560269" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/112560269/Dilemma_and_Factionalism_in_the_Maoist_Politics_of_Nepal">Dilemma and Factionalism in the Maoist Politics of Nepal</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="43334710" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ArjunAyadi">Arjun Ayadi</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Political Science, 2018</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Dilemma and Factionalism in the Maoist Politics of Nepal","attachmentId":109753773,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/112560269/Dilemma_and_Factionalism_in_the_Maoist_Politics_of_Nepal","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/112560269/Dilemma_and_Factionalism_in_the_Maoist_Politics_of_Nepal"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="13" data-entity-id="4698268" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4698268/Relationships_complicity_and_representation_Conducting_research_in_Nepal_during_the_Maoist_insurgency">Relationships, complicity and representation: Conducting research in Nepal during the Maoist insurgency</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="454237" href="https://limerick.academia.edu/Judipettigrew">Judith pettigrew</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Anthropology Today, 2004</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Relationships, complicity and representation: Conducting research in Nepal during the Maoist insurgency","attachmentId":32030615,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/4698268/Relationships_complicity_and_representation_Conducting_research_in_Nepal_during_the_Maoist_insurgency","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/4698268/Relationships_complicity_and_representation_Conducting_research_in_Nepal_during_the_Maoist_insurgency"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="14" data-entity-id="5417457" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5417457/Social_transformation_and_political_power_Maoists_in_Nepal">Social transformation and political power: Maoists in Nepal</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="5261697" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SarojGiri">Saroj Giri</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Social transformation and political power: Maoists in Nepal","attachmentId":32562089,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/5417457/Social_transformation_and_political_power_Maoists_in_Nepal","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/5417457/Social_transformation_and_political_power_Maoists_in_Nepal"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="15" data-entity-id="4754521" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4754521/The_Fall_of_a_Hindu_Monarchy_Maoists_in_Power_in_Nepal">The Fall of a Hindu Monarchy: Maoists in Power in Nepal</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="6095354" href="https://univ-paris1.academia.edu/Beno%C3%AEtCailmail">Benoît Cailmail</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Fall of a Hindu Monarchy: Maoists in Power in Nepal","attachmentId":32065170,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/4754521/The_Fall_of_a_Hindu_Monarchy_Maoists_in_Power_in_Nepal","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/4754521/The_Fall_of_a_Hindu_Monarchy_Maoists_in_Power_in_Nepal"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="16" data-entity-id="72272576" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/72272576/Thoughts_on_the_Maoist_Problem">Thoughts on the Maoist Problem</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="10118001" href="https://cuhk.academia.edu/JohnWhelpton">John Whelpton</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2015</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Thoughts on the Maoist Problem","attachmentId":81265193,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/72272576/Thoughts_on_the_Maoist_Problem","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/72272576/Thoughts_on_the_Maoist_Problem"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="17" data-entity-id="95061905" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/95061905/Maoism_Violence_and_Religious_Upheaval_in_a_Village_in_Eastern_Nepal">Maoism , Violence and Religious Upheaval in a Village in Eastern Nepal</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1367608" href="https://ehess.academia.edu/PustakGhimire">Pustak Ghimire</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2013</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Maoism , Violence and Religious Upheaval in a Village in Eastern Nepal","attachmentId":97347798,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/95061905/Maoism_Violence_and_Religious_Upheaval_in_a_Village_in_Eastern_Nepal","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/95061905/Maoism_Violence_and_Religious_Upheaval_in_a_Village_in_Eastern_Nepal"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="18" data-entity-id="2620634" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2620634/Violent_histories_and_political_consciousness_Reflections_on_Nepals_Maoist_movement_from_Piskar_village">Violent histories and political consciousness: Reflections on Nepal's Maoist movement from Piskar village</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="51170" href="https://ubc.academia.edu/SaraShneiderman">Sara B Shneiderman</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2003</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Violent histories and political consciousness: Reflections on Nepal's Maoist movement from Piskar village","attachmentId":31160734,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/2620634/Violent_histories_and_political_consciousness_Reflections_on_Nepals_Maoist_movement_from_Piskar_village","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/2620634/Violent_histories_and_political_consciousness_Reflections_on_Nepals_Maoist_movement_from_Piskar_village"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="19" data-entity-id="68659452" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/68659452/On_the_Causes_of_the_Civil_War_in_Nepal_and_the_Role_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Nepal_Maoist_">On the Causes of the Civil War in Nepal and the Role of the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist)</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="31939172" href="https://220.academia.edu/SpyrosSakellaropoulos">Spyros Sakellaropoulos</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Cultural Logic 2011, 2014</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"On the Causes of the Civil War in Nepal and the Role of the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist)","attachmentId":79064399,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/68659452/On_the_Causes_of_the_Civil_War_in_Nepal_and_the_Role_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Nepal_Maoist_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/68659452/On_the_Causes_of_the_Civil_War_in_Nepal_and_the_Role_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Nepal_Maoist_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="20" data-entity-id="884283" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/884283/NEPAL_ALTERNATE_FUTURES_RESULTING_FROM_THE_DEMANDS_MADE_BY_MAOIST_INSURGENTS">NEPAL: ALTERNATE FUTURES RESULTING FROM THE DEMANDS MADE BY MAOIST INSURGENTS</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="5767" href="https://purbuni.academia.edu/BadriPrakashOjha">Badri Prakash Ojha</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2003</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"NEPAL: ALTERNATE FUTURES RESULTING FROM THE DEMANDS MADE BY MAOIST INSURGENTS","attachmentId":5344698,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/884283/NEPAL_ALTERNATE_FUTURES_RESULTING_FROM_THE_DEMANDS_MADE_BY_MAOIST_INSURGENTS","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/884283/NEPAL_ALTERNATE_FUTURES_RESULTING_FROM_THE_DEMANDS_MADE_BY_MAOIST_INSURGENTS"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="21" data-entity-id="37562425" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37562425/Nepals_Maoists_at_Crossroads_Crisscross_Voices_of_Janajatis_and_the_Forum">Nepal's Maoists at Crossroads: Crisscross Voices of Janajatis and the Forum</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="64194974" href="https://independent.academia.edu/BishnuPathakPhd">Professor Bishnu Pathak Phd</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Nepal's Maoists at Crossroads: Crisscross Voices of Janajatis and the Forum","attachmentId":57539229,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/37562425/Nepals_Maoists_at_Crossroads_Crisscross_Voices_of_Janajatis_and_the_Forum","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/37562425/Nepals_Maoists_at_Crossroads_Crisscross_Voices_of_Janajatis_and_the_Forum"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="22" data-entity-id="35545231" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/35545231/In_the_shadows_of_the_Maoist_revolution_On_the_role_of_the_Peoples_War_in_facilitating_the_occupation_of_symbolic_space_in_Western_Nepal">In the shadows of the Maoist revolution: On the role of the 'People's War' in facilitating the occupation of symbolic space in Western Nepal</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="42473385" href="https://fu-berlin.academia.edu/MichaelHoffmann">Michael Hoffmann</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"In the shadows of the Maoist revolution: On the role of the 'People's War' in facilitating the occupation of symbolic space in Western Nepal","attachmentId":55410678,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/35545231/In_the_shadows_of_the_Maoist_revolution_On_the_role_of_the_Peoples_War_in_facilitating_the_occupation_of_symbolic_space_in_Western_Nepal","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/35545231/In_the_shadows_of_the_Maoist_revolution_On_the_role_of_the_Peoples_War_in_facilitating_the_occupation_of_symbolic_space_in_Western_Nepal"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="23" data-entity-id="79296144" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/79296144/The_Partial_Revolution_Labour_Social_Movements_and_the_Invisible_Hand_of_Mao_in_Western_Nepal">The Partial Revolution: Labour, Social Movements and the Invisible Hand of Mao in Western Nepal</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="15595630" href="https://lmu-munich.academia.edu/Matja%C5%BEPinter">Matjaž Pinter</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">The Partial Revolution: Labour, social movements and the invisible hand of Mao in western Nepal, by Michael Hoffman, 2020</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Partial Revolution: Labour, Social Movements and the Invisible Hand of Mao in Western Nepal","attachmentId":86059117,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/79296144/The_Partial_Revolution_Labour_Social_Movements_and_the_Invisible_Hand_of_Mao_in_Western_Nepal","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/79296144/The_Partial_Revolution_Labour_Social_Movements_and_the_Invisible_Hand_of_Mao_in_Western_Nepal"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="24" data-entity-id="55749114" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/55749114/Centralizing_Politics_and_the_Growth_of_the_Maoist_Insurgency_in_Nepal">Centralizing Politics and the Growth of the Maoist Insurgency in Nepal</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1871746" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MahendraLawoti">Mahendra Lawoti</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Himalaya the Journal of the Association For Nepal and Himalayan Studies, 2003</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Centralizing Politics and the Growth of the Maoist Insurgency in Nepal","attachmentId":71472474,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/55749114/Centralizing_Politics_and_the_Growth_of_the_Maoist_Insurgency_in_Nepal","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/55749114/Centralizing_Politics_and_the_Growth_of_the_Maoist_Insurgency_in_Nepal"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div><div class="ds-related-content--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related topics</h2><div class="ds-research-interests--pills-container"><a class="js-related-research-interest ds-research-interests--pill" data-entity-id="6225" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_War">Civil War</a><a class="js-related-research-interest ds-research-interests--pill" data-entity-id="10758" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modernity">Modernity</a><a class="js-related-research-interest ds-research-interests--pill" data-entity-id="16946" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nepal">Nepal</a><a class="js-related-research-interest ds-research-interests--pill" data-entity-id="26067" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development">Development</a><a class="js-related-research-interest ds-research-interests--pill" data-entity-id="36008" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Internal_Displacement">Internal Displacement</a><a class="js-related-research-interest ds-research-interests--pill" data-entity-id="696464" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/problems_of_IDPs">problems of IDPs</a></div></div></div></div></div><div class="footer--content"><ul class="footer--main-links hide-on-mobile"><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/about">About</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/press">Press</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://medium.com/academia">Blog</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/documents">Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/topics">Topics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/hiring"><svg style="width: 13px; height: 13px; position: relative; bottom: -1px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="briefcase" class="svg-inline--fa fa-briefcase fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M320 336c0 8.84-7.16 16-16 16h-96c-8.84 0-16-7.16-16-16v-48H0v144c0 25.6 22.4 48 48 48h416c25.6 0 48-22.4 48-48V288H320v48zm144-208h-80V80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48H176c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v48H48c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v80h512v-80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48zm-144 0H192V96h128v32z"></path></svg> <strong>We're Hiring!</strong></a></li><li><a href="https://support.academia.edu/"><svg style="width: 12px; height: 12px; position: relative; bottom: -1px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="question-circle" class="svg-inline--fa fa-question-circle fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M504 256c0 136.997-111.043 248-248 248S8 392.997 8 256C8 119.083 119.043 8 256 8s248 111.083 248 248zM262.655 90c-54.497 0-89.255 22.957-116.549 63.758-3.536 5.286-2.353 12.415 2.715 16.258l34.699 26.31c5.205 3.947 12.621 3.008 16.665-2.122 17.864-22.658 30.113-35.797 57.303-35.797 20.429 0 45.698 13.148 45.698 32.958 0 14.976-12.363 22.667-32.534 33.976C247.128 238.528 216 254.941 216 296v4c0 6.627 5.373 12 12 12h56c6.627 0 12-5.373 12-12v-1.333c0-28.462 83.186-29.647 83.186-106.667 0-58.002-60.165-102-116.531-102zM256 338c-25.365 0-46 20.635-46 46 0 25.364 20.635 46 46 46s46-20.636 46-46c0-25.365-20.635-46-46-46z"></path></svg> <strong>Help Center</strong></a></li></ul><ul class="footer--research-interests"><li>Find new research papers in:</li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physics">Physics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry">Chemistry</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology">Biology</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Sciences">Health Sciences</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology">Ecology</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earth_Sciences">Earth Sciences</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematics">Mathematics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science">Computer Science</a></li></ul><ul class="footer--legal-links hide-on-mobile"><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/terms">Terms</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/privacy">Privacy</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/copyright">Copyright</a></li><li>Academia ©2024</li></ul></div> </body> </html>