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vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#At_Queen_Mary's_court"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>At Queen Mary's court</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-At_Queen_Mary's_court-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Darnley's_murder" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Darnley's_murder"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Darnley's murder</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Darnley's_murder-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Abduction_of_and_marriage_to_Queen_Mary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Abduction_of_and_marriage_to_Queen_Mary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Abduction of and marriage to Queen Mary</span> </div> </a> <ul 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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">James Hepburn, 4th Earl of Bothwell</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 30 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-30" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">30 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%B3_%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%8C_%D8%A5%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%84_%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AB%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B9" title="جيمس هيبورن، إيرل بوثويل الرابع – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جيمس هيبورن، إيرل بوثويل الرابع" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceyms_Hepb%C3%B6rn" title="Ceyms Hepbörn – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ceyms Hepbörn" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Hepburn" title="James Hepburn – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="James Hepburn" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Hepburn" title="James Hepburn – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="James Hepburn" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Hepburn" title="James Hepburn – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="James Hepburn" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Hepburn" title="James Hepburn – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="James Hepburn" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Hepburn,_4._jarl_af_Bothwell" title="James Hepburn, 4. jarl af Bothwell – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="James Hepburn, 4. jarl af Bothwell" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Hepburn,_4._Earl_of_Bothwell" title="James Hepburn, 4. Earl of Bothwell – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="James Hepburn, 4. Earl of Bothwell" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%B6%CE%AD%CE%B9%CE%BC%CF%82_%CE%A7%CE%AD%CF%80%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%BD,_4%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%BA%CF%8C%CE%BC%CE%B7%CF%82_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%9C%CF%80%CF%8C%CE%B8%CE%B3%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B5%CE%BB" title="Τζέιμς Χέπμπορν, 4ος κόμης του Μπόθγουελ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τζέιμς Χέπμπορν, 4ος κόμης του Μπόθγουελ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Hepburn,_IV_conde_de_Bothwell" title="James Hepburn, IV conde de Bothwell – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="James Hepburn, IV conde de Bothwell" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Hepburn_(Grafo_de_Bothwell)" title="James Hepburn (Grafo de Bothwell) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="James Hepburn (Grafo de Bothwell)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%B2_%D9%87%D9%BE%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%8C_%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84_%DA%86%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%85_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%81%D9%88%D9%84" title="جیمز هپبورن، ارل چهارم بوفول – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جیمز هپبورن، ارل چهارم بوفول" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Hepburn" title="James Hepburn – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="James Hepburn" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8,_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2" title="जेम्स हेपबर्न, बोथवेल का चौथा अर्ल – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जेम्स हेपबर्न, बोथवेल का चौथा अर्ल" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Hepburn" title="James Hepburn – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="James Hepburn" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Hepburn,_IV_conte_di_Bothwell" title="James Hepburn, IV conte di Bothwell – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="James Hepburn, IV conte di Bothwell" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AF%E1%83%94%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%96_%E1%83%B0%E1%83%94%E1%83%9E%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ჯეიმზ ჰეპბერნი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჯეიმზ ჰეპბერნი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Hepburn_bothwelli_gr%C3%B3f" title="James Hepburn bothwelli gróf – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="James Hepburn bothwelli gróf" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%B3_%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%84_%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AB%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B9" title="جيمس هيبورن ايرل بوثويل الرابع – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جيمس هيبورن ايرل بوثويل الرابع" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Hepburn" title="James Hepburn – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="James Hepburn" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%82%A7%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A0%E3%82%BA%E3%83%BB%E3%83%98%E3%83%83%E3%83%97%E3%83%90%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3_(%E7%AC%AC4%E4%BB%A3%E3%83%9C%E3%82%B9%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A7%E3%83%AB%E4%BC%AF%E7%88%B5)" title="ジェームズ・ヘップバーン (第4代ボスウェル伯爵) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジェームズ・ヘップバーン (第4代ボスウェル伯爵)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Hepburn,_4._jarl_av_Bothwell" title="James Hepburn, 4. jarl av Bothwell – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="James Hepburn, 4. jarl av Bothwell" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaime_Hepburn,_4.%C2%BA_Conde_de_Bothwell" title="Jaime Hepburn, 4.º Conde de Bothwell – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Jaime Hepburn, 4.º Conde de Bothwell" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Hepburn" title="James Hepburn – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="James Hepburn" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD,_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%81,_4-%D0%B9_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84_%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB" title="Хепберн, Джеймс, 4-й граф Ботвелл – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Хепберн, Джеймс, 4-й граф Ботвелл" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%8F%D0%B5%D1%98%D0%BC%D1%81_%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD,_4._%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84_%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Џејмс Хепберн, 4. гроф од Ботвела – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Џејмс Хепберн, 4. гроф од Ботвела" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Hepburn_(Bothwellin_jaarli)" title="James Hepburn (Bothwellin jaarli) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="James Hepburn (Bothwellin jaarli)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Hepburn,_4:e_earl_av_Bothwell" title="James Hepburn, 4:e earl av Bothwell – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="James Hepburn, 4:e earl av Bothwell" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%81_%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD,_4-%D0%B9_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84_%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB" title="Джеймс Гепберн, 4-й граф Ботвелл – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Джеймс Гепберн, 4-й граф Ботвелл" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E4%BB%A3%E5%8D%9A%E6%80%9D%E9%9F%8B%E7%88%BE%E4%BC%AF%E7%88%B5%E8%A9%B9%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E8%B5%AB%E6%9C%AC" title="第四代博思韋爾伯爵詹姆斯·赫本 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="第四代博思韋爾伯爵詹姆斯·赫本" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Scottish nobleman (1534–1578)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/James_Hepburn_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="James Hepburn (disambiguation)">James Hepburn</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color: #cbe; color:inherit; font-size: 125%">James Hepburn</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><i><a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Orkney" class="mw-redirect" title="Duke of Orkney">Duke of Orkney</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Marquess_of_Fife" class="mw-redirect" title="Marquess of Fife">Marquess of Fife</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Bothwell" title="Earl of Bothwell">Earl of Bothwell</a></i></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image photo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:James_Hepburn,_4th_Earl_of_Bothwell,_c_1535_-_1578._Third_husband_of_Mary_Queen_of_Scots_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/James_Hepburn%2C_4th_Earl_of_Bothwell%2C_c_1535_-_1578._Third_husband_of_Mary_Queen_of_Scots_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/220px-James_Hepburn%2C_4th_Earl_of_Bothwell%2C_c_1535_-_1578._Third_husband_of_Mary_Queen_of_Scots_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/James_Hepburn%2C_4th_Earl_of_Bothwell%2C_c_1535_-_1578._Third_husband_of_Mary_Queen_of_Scots_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/330px-James_Hepburn%2C_4th_Earl_of_Bothwell%2C_c_1535_-_1578._Third_husband_of_Mary_Queen_of_Scots_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/James_Hepburn%2C_4th_Earl_of_Bothwell%2C_c_1535_-_1578._Third_husband_of_Mary_Queen_of_Scots_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/440px-James_Hepburn%2C_4th_Earl_of_Bothwell%2C_c_1535_-_1578._Third_husband_of_Mary_Queen_of_Scots_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3971" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-bottom:0.2em;padding-top:0.2em;">Lord Bothwell in 1566</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Scottish_royal_consorts" title="List of Scottish royal consorts">Consort of the Scottish monarch</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Tenure</th><td class="infobox-data">15 May 1567 – 24 July 1567</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><div style="height: 4px; width:100%;"></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/circa" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:circa">c.</a> 1534<br /><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a>, Scotland</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">14 April 1578<span style="display:none">(1578-04-14)</span> (aged 44)<br /><a href="/wiki/Dragsholm_Castle" title="Dragsholm Castle">Dragsholm Castle</a>, Denmark</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Burial</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="label">Fårevejle Church, Odsherred, Denmark</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Throndsen" title="Anna Throndsen">Anna Throndsen</a></li> <li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Jean_Gordon,_Countess_of_Bothwell" title="Jean Gordon, Countess of Bothwell">Lady Jean Gordon</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1566; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1567)<wbr /></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Mary,_Queen_of_Scots" title="Mary, Queen of Scots">Mary, Queen of Scots</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1567)<wbr /></div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Father</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Hepburn,_3rd_Earl_of_Bothwell" title="Patrick Hepburn, 3rd Earl of Bothwell">Patrick Hepburn, 3rd Earl of Bothwell</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mother</th><td class="infobox-data">Agnes Sinclair</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>James Hepburn, 1st Duke of Orkney and 4th Earl of Bothwell</b> (<span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1534</span> – 14 April 1578), better known simply as <b>Lord Bothwell</b>, was a prominent <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Scotland" title="Kingdom of Scotland">Scottish</a> nobleman and the third husband of <a href="/wiki/Mary,_Queen_of_Scots" title="Mary, Queen of Scots">Mary, Queen of Scots</a>. He was accused of the murder of Mary's second husband, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Stuart,_Lord_Darnley" title="Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley">Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley</a>, a charge of which he was acquitted. His marriage to Mary was controversial and divided the country; when he fled the growing rebellion to Norway, he was arrested and lived the rest of his life imprisoned in Denmark. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Hepburn,_4th_Earl_of_Bothwell&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>He was the son of <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Hepburn,_3rd_Earl_of_Bothwell" title="Patrick Hepburn, 3rd Earl of Bothwell">Patrick Hepburn, 3rd Earl of Bothwell</a>, and Agnes Sinclair (d. 1572), daughter of Henry, Lord Sinclair, and was styled <i>The Master of Bothwell</i> from birth. He succeeded his father as <a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Bothwell" title="Earl of Bothwell">Earl of Bothwell</a> and Lord Hailes in 1556. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Marriages">Marriages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Hepburn,_4th_Earl_of_Bothwell&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Marriages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As <a href="/wiki/Lord_High_Admiral_of_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord High Admiral of Scotland">Lord High Admiral of Scotland</a>, Lord Bothwell visited Copenhagen around 1559. He fell in love with Anna Tronds, known in English as <a href="/wiki/Anna_Throndsen" title="Anna Throndsen">Anna Throndsen</a> or Anna Rustung. She was a Norwegian noblewoman whose father, <a href="/wiki/Kristoffer_Trondson" class="mw-redirect" title="Kristoffer Trondson">Kristoffer Trondson</a>, a famous Norwegian admiral, was serving as Danish Royal Consul. After their engagement, or more likely marriage under Norwegian law, Anna left with Bothwell. In <a href="/wiki/Flanders" title="Flanders">Flanders</a>, he said he was out of money and asked Anna to sell all her possessions. She complied and visited her family in Denmark to ask for more money. Anna was unhappy and apparently given to complaining about Bothwell. His treatment of Anna played a part in his eventual downfall.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In February 1566, Bothwell married <a href="/wiki/Jean_Gordon,_Countess_of_Bothwell" title="Jean Gordon, Countess of Bothwell">Lady Jean Gordon</a>, daughter of the <a href="/wiki/George_Gordon,_4th_Earl_of_Huntly" title="George Gordon, 4th Earl of Huntly">4th Earl of Huntly</a> and sister of Sir John Gordon and the <a href="/wiki/George_Gordon,_5th_Earl_of_Huntly" title="George Gordon, 5th Earl of Huntly">5th Earl of Huntly</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were divorced on 7 May 1567, citing his <a href="/wiki/Adultery" title="Adultery">adultery</a> with her servant Bessie Crawford as cause.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He married Mary, Queen of Scots, eight days later. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Meeting_Queen_Mary_in_France">Meeting Queen Mary in France</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Hepburn,_4th_Earl_of_Bothwell&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Meeting Queen Mary in France"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lord Bothwell appears to have met <a href="/wiki/Mary,_Queen_of_Scots" title="Mary, Queen of Scots">Queen Mary</a> when he visited the French Court in the autumn of 1560, after he left Anna Rustung in <a href="/wiki/Flanders" title="Flanders">Flanders</a>. He was kindly received by the Queen and her husband, <a href="/wiki/King_Francis_II_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="King Francis II of France">King Francis II of France</a>, and, as he put it: "The Queen recompensed me more liberally and honourably than I had deserved" – receiving 600 Crowns and the post and salary of gentleman of the French King's Chamber.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He visited France again in the spring of 1561, and by 5 July was back in Paris for the third time – this time accompanied by the <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Orkney" title="Bishop of Orkney">Bishop of Orkney</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Montgomerie,_3rd_Earl_of_Eglinton" title="Hugh Montgomerie, 3rd Earl of Eglinton">Earl of Eglinton</a>. By August, the widowed Queen was on her way back to Scotland in a French galley, some of the organisation having been dealt with by Bothwell in his naval capacity. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Under_Mary_of_Guise's_regency"><span id="Under_Mary_of_Guise.27s_regency"></span>Under Mary of Guise's regency</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Hepburn,_4th_Earl_of_Bothwell&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Under Mary of Guise's regency"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bothwell supported <a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Guise" title="Mary of Guise">Mary of Guise</a>, queen dowager and Regent of Scotland, against the Protestant <a href="/wiki/Lords_of_the_Congregation" title="Lords of the Congregation">Lords of the Congregation</a>. Bothwell and 24 followers took 6000 crowns of English money destined to be used against Guise from the <a href="/wiki/John_Cockburn_of_Ormiston" title="John Cockburn of Ormiston">Laird of Ormiston</a> on Halloween 1559 at an ambush near <a href="/wiki/Haddington,_East_Lothian" title="Haddington, East Lothian">Haddington</a>. In retaliation the Protestant leader, the <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Ch%C3%A2telherault" class="mw-redirect" title="Duke of Châtelherault">Duke of Châtelherault</a>, sent his son the <a href="/wiki/James_Hamilton,_3rd_Earl_of_Arran" title="James Hamilton, 3rd Earl of Arran">Earl of Arran</a> and the Master of Maxwell to seize Bothwell's home <a href="/wiki/Crichton_Castle" title="Crichton Castle">Crichton Castle</a> and force the Earl, who was nearby at <a href="/wiki/Borthwick_Castle" title="Borthwick Castle">Borthwick</a>, to join them. Bothwell remained true to the Regent, though it was said in January he was "weary of his part". The English diplomat <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Randolph_(diplomat)" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Randolph (diplomat)">Thomas Randolph</a> also hinted at this time of a scandal involving his sister <a href="/wiki/Jean_Hepburn" title="Jean Hepburn">Jean Hepburn</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="At_Queen_Mary's_court"><span id="At_Queen_Mary.27s_court"></span>At Queen Mary's court</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Hepburn,_4th_Earl_of_Bothwell&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: At Queen Mary's court"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Reformation" title="Scottish Reformation">Protestant Lords gained power</a> following Mary of Guise's death and the return to Scotland of Mary, Queen of Scots, Bothwell appears to have been not much more than a troublesome noble at court. His open quarrel with the <a href="/wiki/James_Hamilton,_3rd_Earl_of_Arran" title="James Hamilton, 3rd Earl of Arran">Earl of Arran</a> and the Hamiltons, who accused him of intriguing against the Crown, caused some degree of anguish to the Queen, and although the Earl of Arran was eventually declared mad, Bothwell was nevertheless imprisoned in <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Castle" title="Edinburgh Castle">Edinburgh Castle</a> without trial in 1562. Later that year, while the Queen was in the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Highlands" title="Scottish Highlands">Highlands</a>, he escaped and went to <a href="/wiki/Hermitage_Castle" title="Hermitage Castle">Hermitage Castle</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Queen and Bothwell were by now very close. When Bothwell married <a href="/wiki/Jean_Gordon,_Countess_of_Bothwell" title="Jean Gordon, Countess of Bothwell">Lady Jean Gordon</a>, daughter of <a href="/wiki/George_Gordon,_4th_Earl_of_Huntly" title="George Gordon, 4th Earl of Huntly">The 4th Earl of Huntly</a>, in February 1566, the Queen attended the wedding (the marriage lasted just over a year). In the following autumn, upon hearing that <a href="/wiki/Little_Jock_Elliot#History" title="Little Jock Elliot">he had been seriously wounded</a> and was likely to die, she rode from <a href="/wiki/Jedburgh" title="Jedburgh">Jedburgh</a> to be with him at <a href="/wiki/Hermitage_Castle" title="Hermitage Castle">Hermitage Castle</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, historian <a href="/wiki/Antonia_Fraser" title="Antonia Fraser">Antonia Fraser</a> asserts that Queen Mary was already on her way to visit Bothwell on matters of state before she heard about his illness, and that therefore this visit is not evidence they were already lovers at the time of his accident. Author <a href="/wiki/Alison_Weir" title="Alison Weir">Alison Weir</a> agrees, and in fact the records show that Mary waited a full six days after learning of his injuries before going to visit Bothwell. The story of her mad flight to his side was put about later by her enemies to discredit her. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Darnley's_murder"><span id="Darnley.27s_murder"></span>Darnley's murder</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Hepburn,_4th_Earl_of_Bothwell&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Darnley's murder"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Lord_Darnley" title="Murder of Lord Darnley">Murder of Lord Darnley</a></div> <p>On 9 February 1567 Bothwell left his lodging at Todrick's Wynd on the south side of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Mile" title="Royal Mile">Royal Mile</a> in Edinburgh (east of Blackfriars Street) and with accomplices Dalgliesh, Powrie and Wilson, carried several kegs of gunpowder to <a href="/wiki/Kirk_o%27Field" class="mw-redirect" title="Kirk o'Field">Kirk o'Field</a> lodging to the south, almost encountering Queen Mary en route. At Kirk O'Field they lit the gunpowder destroying part of the building and killing Darnley and his aide.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bothwell was publicly accused of having murdered the Queen's consort, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Stuart,_Lord_Darnley" title="Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley">Lord Darnley</a>. Darnley's father, the <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Stewart,_4th_Earl_of_Lennox" title="Matthew Stewart, 4th Earl of Lennox">Earl of Lennox</a>, and other relatives agitated for vengeance and the <a href="/wiki/Privy_Council_of_Scotland" title="Privy Council of Scotland">Privy Council</a> began proceedings against Bothwell on 12 April 1567. <a href="/wiki/William_Drury" title="William Drury">Sir William Drury</a> reported to <a href="/wiki/William_Cecil,_1st_Baron_Burghley" title="William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley">Sir William Cecil</a>, Secretary of State to <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_I" title="Elizabeth I">Elizabeth I</a> of England, that the Queen was in continuous ill-health "for the most part either <a href="/wiki/Depression_(mood)" title="Depression (mood)">melancholy</a> or sickly". On the appointed day Bothwell rode magnificently down the <a href="/wiki/Canongate" class="mw-redirect" title="Canongate">Canongate</a>, with the <a href="/wiki/James_Douglas,_4th_Earl_of_Morton" title="James Douglas, 4th Earl of Morton">Earl of Morton</a> and <a href="/wiki/William_Maitland_of_Lethington" title="William Maitland of Lethington">William Maitland of Lethington</a> flanking him, and his Hepburns trotting behind. The trial lasted from noon till seven in the evening. Bothwell was acquitted and it was widely rumoured that he would marry Mary. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Abduction_of_and_marriage_to_Queen_Mary">Abduction of and marriage to Queen Mary</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Hepburn,_4th_Earl_of_Bothwell&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Abduction of and marriage to Queen Mary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Arms_of_James_Hepburn,_1st_Duke_of_Orkney.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Arms_of_James_Hepburn%2C_1st_Duke_of_Orkney.svg/160px-Arms_of_James_Hepburn%2C_1st_Duke_of_Orkney.svg.png" decoding="async" width="160" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Arms_of_James_Hepburn%2C_1st_Duke_of_Orkney.svg/240px-Arms_of_James_Hepburn%2C_1st_Duke_of_Orkney.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Arms_of_James_Hepburn%2C_1st_Duke_of_Orkney.svg/320px-Arms_of_James_Hepburn%2C_1st_Duke_of_Orkney.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="478" /></a><figcaption>Arms of James Hepburn, 1st Duke of Orkney</figcaption></figure> <p>The next Wednesday, the Queen rode to the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Scotland" title="Parliament of Scotland">Estates of Parliament</a>, with Lord Bothwell carrying the <a href="/wiki/Sceptre" title="Sceptre">Sceptre</a>, where the proceedings of Bothwell's trial were officially declared to be just according to the law of the land. On Saturday 19 April 1567, eight bishops, nine earls, and seven Lords of Parliament put their signatures to what became known as the <a href="/wiki/Ainslie_Tavern_Bond" title="Ainslie Tavern Bond">Ainslie Tavern Bond</a>, a manifesto declaring that Mary should marry a native-born subject, and handed it to Bothwell. </p><p>On 24 April, while Mary was on the road from <a href="/wiki/Linlithgow_Palace" title="Linlithgow Palace">Linlithgow Palace</a> to Edinburgh, Bothwell suddenly appeared with 800 men. He assured her that danger awaited her in Edinburgh, and told her that he proposed to take her to his castle at <a href="/wiki/Dunbar" title="Dunbar">Dunbar</a>, out of harm's way. She agreed to accompany him and arrived at Dunbar at midnight. There, Mary was taken prisoner by Bothwell and allegedly raped by him to secure marriage to her and the crown (though whether she was his accomplice or his unwilling victim remains a controversial issue). On 12 May the Queen created him <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Orkney" class="mw-redirect" title="Duke of Orkney">Duke of Orkney</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marquess_of_Fife" class="mw-redirect" title="Marquess of Fife">Marquess of Fife</a>, and on 15 May they were married in the Great Hall at <a href="/wiki/Holyrood_Palace" title="Holyrood Palace">Holyrood</a>, according to Protestant rites officiated by <a href="/wiki/Adam_Bothwell" title="Adam Bothwell">Adam Bothwell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Orkney" title="Bishop of Orkney">Bishop of Orkney</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mary gave her new husband a fur lined night-gown.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There were few festivities until two weeks after the wedding, when there was a triumph and tilt and Bothwell "<a href="/wiki/Running_at_the_ring" title="Running at the ring">ran at the ring</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The marriage divided the country into two camps, and on 16 June, the Lords opposed to Mary and the Duke of Orkney (as Bothwell had newly become) signed a Bond denouncing them. A showdown between the two opposing sides followed at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Carberry_Hill" title="Battle of Carberry Hill">Carberry Hill</a> on 15 June, from which Orkney (as Lord Bothwell was now known) fled, after one final embrace, never to be seen again by Mary. In December that year, Bothwell's titles and estates were forfeited by Act of Parliament. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Escape_to_Scandinavia_and_imprisonment">Escape to Scandinavia and imprisonment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Hepburn,_4th_Earl_of_Bothwell&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Escape to Scandinavia and imprisonment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After fleeing the confrontation at Carberry Hill, the <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Orkney" class="mw-redirect" title="Duke of Orkney">Duke of Orkney</a> (as Bothwell was now) went to <a href="/wiki/Huntly_Castle" title="Huntly Castle">Huntly Castle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Spynie_Palace" title="Spynie Palace">Spynie Palace</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He took ship from <a href="/wiki/Aberdeen" title="Aberdeen">Aberdeen</a> to <a href="/wiki/Shetland" title="Shetland">Shetland</a>, where he was helped by <a href="/wiki/Olave_Sinclair" title="Olave Sinclair">Olave Sinclair</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bothwell was pursued by <a href="/wiki/William_Kirkcaldy_of_Grange" title="William Kirkcaldy of Grange">William Kirkcaldy of Grange</a> and <a href="/wiki/William_Murray_of_Tullibardine" title="William Murray of Tullibardine">William Murray of Tullibardine</a>, who sailed into <a href="/wiki/Bressay" title="Bressay">Bressay</a> Sound near <a href="/wiki/Lerwick" title="Lerwick">Lerwick</a>. Four of the Duke of Orkney's ships in the Sound set sail north to <a href="/wiki/Unst" title="Unst">Unst</a>, where Orkney was negotiating with German captains to hire more ships.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kirkcaldy's flagship, the <i><a href="/wiki/Lion_(warship)" title="Lion (warship)">Lion</a></i>, chased one of Orkney's ships, and both ships were damaged on a submerged rock.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Duke of Orkney sent his treasure ship to <a href="/wiki/Scalloway" title="Scalloway">Scalloway</a>, and fought a three-hour-long sea battle off the <a href="/wiki/Baltasound" title="Baltasound">Port of Unst</a>, where the mast of one of Orkney's ships was shot away. Subsequently, a storm forced the Duke to sail towards Norway.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Orkney may have hoped to reach Denmark and raise an army with the support of <a href="/wiki/Frederick_II_of_Denmark" title="Frederick II of Denmark">Frederick II of Denmark</a> to put Mary back on the throne. He was caught off the coast of Norway (then in a union with Denmark) at Høyevarde lighthouse in Karmsundet without proper papers, and was escorted to the port of <a href="/wiki/Bergen" title="Bergen">Bergen</a>. This was the native home of <a href="/wiki/Anna_Throndsen" title="Anna Throndsen">Anna Throndsen</a>. Anna raised a complaint against Orkney, which was enforced by her powerful family; her cousin Erik Rosenkrantz, a high-level official in Norway, remanded Orkney to the <a href="/wiki/Bergenhus_Fortress" title="Bergenhus Fortress">Bergenhus Fortress</a>, while Anna sued him for abandonment and return of her dowry. Anna may have had a soft spot for Orkney, as he persuaded her to take custody of his ship, as compensation. Orkney would have been released, but King Frederick heard that the Scottish government was seeking Orkney for the murder of Darnley, and decided to take him into custody in Denmark.<sup id="cite_ref-arlen_af_Bothwell_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arlen_af_Bothwell-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Duke of Orkney was sent to <a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a>, where the Danish monarch, Frederik II, deliberated on his fate. The Duke was sent across <a href="/wiki/%C3%98resund" title="Øresund">Øresund</a> to the fortress and prison <a href="/wiki/Malm%C3%B6hus_Castle" class="mw-redirect" title="Malmöhus Castle">Malmøhus Castle</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, as news from both England and Scotland arrived, Frederik eventually understood that Mary never again would become Queen. Without Mary, the King considered him insignificant. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Hepburn,_4th_Earl_of_Bothwell&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>He was imprisoned at <a href="/wiki/Dragsholm_Castle" title="Dragsholm Castle">Dragsholm Castle</a>, 75 kilometres (47 mi) west of Copenhagen, and was held in what were said to be appalling conditions. Meanwhile, the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Scotland" title="Parliament of Scotland">Parliament of Scotland</a> officially stripped him of all his Scottish titles, including the <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Orkney" class="mw-redirect" title="Duke of Orkney">Dukedom of Orkney</a>, in December 1567. He died in April 1578,<sup id="cite_ref-arlen_af_Bothwell_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arlen_af_Bothwell-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was buried in a vault at Fårevejle church near the castle. </p><p>A pillar to which he was chained for the last ten years of his life can still be seen, with a circular groove in the floor around the pillar. </p><p>In 1858, the body was exhumed and declared to be that of Lord Bothwell. It was in a dried condition and was thereafter referred to as "Bothwell's mummy". His extended family tried to get his body sent back to Scotland, but their request has not been granted.<sup id="cite_ref-Kendtes_gravsted_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kendtes_gravsted-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The identity of the body has never been conclusively proven.<sup id="cite_ref-Kendtes_gravsted_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kendtes_gravsted-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A body referred to as "Bothwell's mummy" materialised in 1976 in the <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Wax_Museum" title="Edinburgh Wax Museum">Edinburgh Wax Museum</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Mile" title="Royal Mile">Royal Mile</a>, as the only non-wax exhibit. The guide book claimed it was brought to Scotland in 1858.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Hepburn,_4th_Earl_of_Bothwell&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Casket_letters" title="Casket letters">Casket letters</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gunpowder,_Treason_%26_Plot" title="Gunpowder, Treason & Plot">Gunpowder, Treason & Plot</a></i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Hepburn,_4th_Earl_of_Bothwell&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFDunn2003" class="citation book cs1">Dunn, Jane (2003). <i>Elizabeth and Mary</i>. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. p. 185.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Elizabeth+and+Mary&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=185&rft.pub=Alfred+A.+Knopf&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Dunn&rft.aufirst=Jane&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Hepburn%2C+4th+Earl+of+Bothwell" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Mary, Queen of Scots</i>, by <a href="/wiki/Antonia_Fraser" title="Antonia Fraser">Antonia Fraser</a>, 1969</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Philip Hardwicke, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/miscellaneoussta01harduoft/page/142/mode/2up"><i>Miscellaneous State Papers</i>, 1, p. 143</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Joseph Bain, <i>Calendar State Papers Scotland</i>, vol. 1 (Edinburgh, 1898), pp. 262, 290.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Joseph Bain, <i>Calendar of State Papers Scotland</i>, vol. 1 (Edinburgh, 1898), pp. 548, 622, 652.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Lorna_Hutson" title="Lorna Hutson">Lorna Hutson</a>, <i>England's Insular Imagining: The Elizabethan Erasure of Scotland</i> (Cambridge, 2023), pp. 149–51.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/James_Grant_(1822%E2%80%931887)" title="James Grant (1822–1887)">James Grant</a>, <i>Old and New Edinburgh</i>, vol. 2, pp. 262–266.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Donaldson" title="Gordon Donaldson">Gordon Donaldson</a>, <i>The Memoirs of Sir <a href="/wiki/James_Melville_of_Halhill" title="James Melville of Halhill">James Melville of Halhill</a></i> (London: Folio Society, 1969), p. 65: Grant G. Simpson, <i>Scottish Handwriting</i> (Tuckwell, 1998), no. 18 contract 14 May 1567.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Robertson_(historian)" title="Joseph Robertson (historian)">Joseph Robertson</a>, <i>Inventaires de la Royne Descosse</i> (Edinburgh, 1863), 176, "a M. le Duc d'Orquenez ... ung manteaux de nuyct."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/John_Guy_(historian)" title="John Guy (historian)">John Guy</a>, <i>My Heart is My Own: The Life of Mary Queen of Scots</i> (Fourth Estate, 2009), pp. 334, 336.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Allan J. Crosby, <i>Calendar State Papers Foreign Elizabeth, 1566–1568</i> (London, 1871), p. 237 nos. 1232.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Calendar State Papers Scotland: 1563-1569</i>, vol. 2 (Edinburgh, 1900), p. 354.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/adiurnalremarka00unkngoog/page/n143/mode/2up"><i>Diurnal of Occurrents</i> (Edinburgh, 1833), p. 123</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">John H. Ballantyne & Brian Smith, <i>Shetland Documents, 1195-1579</i> (Lerwick, 1999), pp. 126–8 no. 171.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Register of the Privy Seal of Scotland</i>, vol. 8 (Edinburgh, 1982), 66-67, no. 397: John Guy, <i>Queen of Scots, the True Life</i> (2005) p. 360 (Bothwell was not on the ship chased by the <i>Lion</i> at Bressay)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Agnes Strickland, <i>Letters of Mary Queen of Scots</i>, vol. 1 (London, 1842), pp. 244–248, "Declaration of the Earl of Bothwell": David Reid, <i>Hume of Godscroft's History of the House of Angus</i>, vol. 1 (Edinburgh, 2005), p. 171.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-arlen_af_Bothwell-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-arlen_af_Bothwell_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-arlen_af_Bothwell_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historie-online.dk/nyt/bogfeature/jarlen_af_bothwell.htm">"Jarlen af Bothwell"</a>. <i>Forside</i> (in Danish). 10 April 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Forside&rft.atitle=Jarlen+af+Bothwell&rft.date=2017-04-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.historie-online.dk%2Fnyt%2Fbogfeature%2Fjarlen_af_bothwell.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Hepburn%2C+4th+Earl+of+Bothwell" class="Z3988"></span>. Mainly fifth part, Danish: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Her begynder det danske forløb. Jarlen blev ført til Bergen, hvor han tilfældigvis stødte på Anna Trundsen, som havde slået sig ned i byen efter at være blevet droppet af jarlen i Skotland. Nu måtte han igennem en ydmygende retssag, inden han blev ført til København, fængslet på slottet og senere flyttet til Malmøhus. I denne periode, hvor det endnu var usikkert om den nye skotske regering ville overleve, var jarlen lidt af en politisk varm kartoffel for Frederik II. Da det viste sig, at Mary Stuart ikke ville komme til magten igen, mistede jarlen sin betydning og blev overført til Dragsholm slot, muligvis fordi han var blevet sindssyg. Der døde han så i april 1578.</p></blockquote> <p>In English – approximately </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Here does the Danish passage of events begin. The earl was transported to <a href="/wiki/Bergen" title="Bergen">Bergen</a> (Norway), where he by chance meat Anna Trondsen, who had settled herself in the city after having been dismissed by the earl (earlier, in Scotland). Now he had to face a humiliating trial, before he was transferred to Copenhagen, and later became moved to Malmøhus. During this period was it still uncertain whether the new Scottish government would survive or not, and he was a kind of a "hot potato" for (king) Frederik II. When it became clear that Mary Stuart would not be able to return to power, the earl lost all significance and was transferred to Dragsholm Castle (as Zealand) instead, possibly due to have become insane. He died there in April 1578</p></blockquote></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://runeberg.org/nfaj/0374.html">"735-736 (Nordisk familjebok / 1800-talsutgåvan. 10. Lloyd – Militärkoloni)"</a>. <i>Project Runeberg</i> (in Swedish). 17 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Project+Runeberg&rft.atitle=735-736+%28Nordisk+familjebok+%2F+1800-talsutg%C3%A5van.+10.+Lloyd+%E2%80%93+Milit%C3%A4rkoloni%29&rft.date=2016-01-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fruneberg.org%2Fnfaj%2F0374.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Hepburn%2C+4th+Earl+of+Bothwell" class="Z3988"></span> – Swedish Encyklopedia "Nordisk Familjebok", first edition (1880) Article "Malmö"; 25-30 lines from the article name "Malmö", "Inom dess murar hölls grefve Bothwell, Maria Stuarts tredje gemål, en tid som statsfånge" – in English "Within its walls (Malmøhus Castle, as of then) was earl Bothwell, the third husband of Mary Stuart, held as a prisoner of the (Danish) state during some time",</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchiern1880" class="citation book cs1">Schiern, Frederik Eginhard Amadeus (1880). <i>life of James Hepburn, Earl of Bothwell</i>. Translated by Berry, David. Edinburgh: Thomas and Archibald Constable. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lifeofjameshepbu00schi/page/387">387</a>–388.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=life+of+James+Hepburn%2C+Earl+of+Bothwell&rft.place=Edinburgh&rft.pages=387-388&rft.pub=Thomas+and+Archibald+Constable&rft.date=1880&rft.aulast=Schiern&rft.aufirst=Frederik+Eginhard+Amadeus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Hepburn%2C+4th+Earl+of+Bothwell" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kendtes_gravsted-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kendtes_gravsted_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kendtes_gravsted_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gravsted.dk/person.php?navn=jameshepburn">"James Hepburn"</a>. <i>Kendtes gravsted</i> (in Danish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kendtes+gravsted&rft.atitle=James+Hepburn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gravsted.dk%2Fperson.php%3Fnavn%3Djameshepburn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Hepburn%2C+4th+Earl+of+Bothwell" class="Z3988"></span> – Danish site about burial locations.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A photo of the coffin in Fårevejle Church, with his assumed remains, can be seen here: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gravsted.dk/person.php?navn=jameshepburn">"James Hepburn"</a>. <i>Kendtes gravsted</i> (in Danish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kendtes+gravsted&rft.atitle=James+Hepburn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gravsted.dk%2Fperson.php%3Fnavn%3Djameshepburn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Hepburn%2C+4th+Earl+of+Bothwell" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Edinburgh Wax Museum Guidebook 1980</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Hepburn,_4th_Earl_of_Bothwell&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/15px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/23px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/30px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span> Texts on Wikisource: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">"<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica,_Ninth_Edition/James_Hepburn,_Earl_of_Bothwell" class="extiw" title="s:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/James Hepburn, Earl of Bothwell">James Hepburn, Earl of Bothwell</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 4 (9th ed.). 1878. p. 164.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=James+Hepburn%2C+Earl+of+Bothwell&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=164&rft.edition=9th&rft.date=1878&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Hepburn%2C+4th+Earl+of+Bothwell" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYorke1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Yorke, Philip Chesney (1911). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Bothwell,_James_Hepburn" class="extiw" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Bothwell, James Hepburn">Bothwell, James Hepburn</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). pp. 303–304.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Bothwell%2C+James+Hepburn&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=303-304&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Yorke&rft.aufirst=Philip+Chesney&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Hepburn%2C+4th+Earl+of+Bothwell" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person.php?LinkID=mp15755">Portraits of James Hepburn, 4th Earl of Bothwell</a> at the <a href="/wiki/National_Portrait_Gallery,_London" title="National Portrait Gallery, London">National Portrait Gallery, London</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q361184#P1816" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>Vacant</b><div style="font-size:90%">Title last held by</div><b><a href="/wiki/Henry_Stuart,_Lord_Darnley" title="Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley">Henry Stuart, 1st Duke of Albany</a> </b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Scottish_consorts" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Scottish consorts">King consort of Scotland</a> </b><br />May - June 1567 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>Vacant</b><div style="font-size:90%">Title next held by</div><b><a href="/wiki/Anne_of_Denmark" title="Anne of Denmark">Anne of Denmark</a> </b><br /><small><i><b>as Queen consort </b></i></small> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ACE777;"><a href="/wiki/Peerage_of_Scotland" title="Peerage of Scotland">Peerage of Scotland</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Hepburn,_3rd_Earl_of_Bothwell" title="Patrick Hepburn, 3rd Earl of Bothwell">Patrick Hepburn</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Bothwell" title="Earl of Bothwell">Earl of Bothwell</a> </b><br />1556 – 1567 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;"><b>Forfeit </b> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFF157;">Honorary titles </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Hepburn,_3rd_Earl_of_Bothwell" title="Patrick Hepburn, 3rd Earl of Bothwell">The 3rd Earl of Bothwell</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Lord_High_Admiral_of_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord High Admiral of Scotland">Lord High Admiral of Scotland</a> </b><br />1556–1567 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/James_Douglas,_4th_Earl_of_Morton" title="James Douglas, 4th Earl of Morton">The 4th Earl of Morton</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:British_consort" title="Template:British consort"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:British_consort" title="Template talk:British consort"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:British_consort" title="Special:EditPage/Template:British consort"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="English,_Scottish_and_British_royal_consorts" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_royal_consorts" title="List of English royal consorts">English</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Scottish_royal_consorts" title="List of Scottish royal consorts">Scottish</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_British_royal_consorts" title="List of British royal consorts">British</a> royal consorts</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold;">Royal consorts in England until 1603</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;">Royal consorts in Scotland until 1603</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;padding: 0 0.5em; text-align:center;width:50%;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86lfgifu_of_Shaftesbury" title="Ælfgifu of Shaftesbury">Ælfgifu of Shaftesbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelfl%C3%A6d_of_Damerham" title="Æthelflæd of Damerham">Æthelflæd of Damerham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86lfgifu_(wife_of_Eadwig)" title="Ælfgifu (wife of Eadwig)">Ælfgifu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86lfthryth_(wife_of_Edgar)" title="Ælfthryth (wife of Edgar)">Ælfthryth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86lfgifu_of_York" title="Ælfgifu of York">Ælfgifu of York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigrid_the_Haughty" title="Sigrid the Haughty">Sigrid the Haughty</a>/<a href="/wiki/%C5%9Awi%C4%99tos%C5%82awa" title="Świętosława">Świętosława</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ealdgyth_(wife_of_Edmund_Ironside)" title="Ealdgyth (wife of Edmund Ironside)">Ealdgyth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_of_Normandy" title="Emma of Normandy">Emma of Normandy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_of_Wessex" title="Edith of Wessex">Edith of Wessex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_of_Mercia" title="Edith of Mercia">Edith of Mercia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matilda_of_Flanders" title="Matilda of Flanders">Matilda of Flanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matilda_of_Scotland" title="Matilda of Scotland">Matilda of Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adeliza_of_Louvain" title="Adeliza of Louvain">Adeliza of Louvain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matilda_I,_Countess_of_Boulogne" title="Matilda I, Countess of Boulogne">Matilda of Boulogne</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Plantagenet,_Count_of_Anjou" title="Geoffrey Plantagenet, Count of Anjou">Geoffrey Plantagenet</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_of_Aquitaine" title="Eleanor of Aquitaine">Eleanor of Aquitaine</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_France,_Queen_of_England_and_Hungary" title="Margaret of France, Queen of England and Hungary">Margaret of France</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berengaria_of_Navarre" title="Berengaria of Navarre">Berengaria of Navarre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabella_of_Angoul%C3%AAme" title="Isabella of Angoulême">Isabella of Angoulême</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Blanche_of_Castile" title="Blanche of Castile">Blanche of Castile</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_of_Provence" title="Eleanor of Provence">Eleanor of Provence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_of_Castile" title="Eleanor of Castile">Eleanor of Castile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_France,_Queen_of_England" title="Margaret of France, Queen of England">Margaret of France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabella_of_France" title="Isabella of France">Isabella of France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippa_of_Hainault" title="Philippa of Hainault">Philippa of Hainault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_of_Bohemia" title="Anne of Bohemia">Anne of Bohemia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabella_of_Valois" title="Isabella of Valois">Isabella of Valois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_of_Navarre,_Queen_of_England" title="Joan of Navarre, Queen of England">Joan of Navarre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Valois" title="Catherine of Valois">Catherine of Valois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_Anjou" title="Margaret of Anjou">Margaret of Anjou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Woodville" title="Elizabeth Woodville">Elizabeth Woodville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Neville" title="Anne Neville">Anne Neville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_of_York" title="Elizabeth of York">Elizabeth of York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Aragon" title="Catherine of Aragon">Catherine of Aragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Boleyn" title="Anne Boleyn">Anne Boleyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Seymour" title="Jane Seymour">Jane Seymour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_of_Cleves" title="Anne of Cleves">Anne of Cleves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Howard" title="Catherine Howard">Catherine Howard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Parr" title="Catherine Parr">Catherine Parr</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lord_Guildford_Dudley" title="Lord Guildford Dudley">Guildford Dudley</a></i></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;padding: 0 0.5em; text-align:center;width:50%;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gruoch" title="Gruoch">Gruoch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingibiorg_Finnsdottir" title="Ingibiorg Finnsdottir">Ingibiorg Finnsdottir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Margaret_of_Scotland" title="Saint Margaret of Scotland">Margaret of Wessex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethelreda_(daughter_of_Gospatric)" title="Ethelreda (daughter of Gospatric)">Ethelreda of Northumbria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sybilla_of_Normandy" title="Sybilla of Normandy">Sybilla of Normandy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maud,_Countess_of_Huntingdon" title="Maud, Countess of Huntingdon">Maud of Northumbria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ermengarde_de_Beaumont" title="Ermengarde de Beaumont">Ermengarde de Beaumont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_of_England,_Queen_of_Scotland" title="Joan of England, Queen of Scotland">Joan of England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_de_Coucy" title="Marie de Coucy">Marie de Coucy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_England" title="Margaret of England">Margaret of England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yolande_of_Dreux,_Queen_of_Scotland" title="Yolande of Dreux, Queen of Scotland">Yolande de Dreux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_de_Burgh" title="Elizabeth de Burgh">Elizabeth de Burgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_of_the_Tower" title="Joan of the Tower">Joan of the Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Drummond,_Queen_of_Scotland" title="Margaret Drummond, Queen of Scotland">Margaret Drummond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euphemia_de_Ross" title="Euphemia de Ross">Euphemia de Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anabella_Drummond" title="Anabella Drummond">Anabella Drummond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_Beaufort,_Queen_of_Scots" title="Joan Beaufort, Queen of Scots">Joan Beaufort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Guelders" title="Mary of Guelders">Mary of Guelders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_Denmark,_Queen_of_Scotland" title="Margaret of Denmark, Queen of Scotland">Margaret of Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Tudor" title="Margaret Tudor">Margaret Tudor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madeleine_of_Valois" title="Madeleine of Valois">Madeleine of Valois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Guise" title="Mary of Guise">Mary of Guise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_II_of_France" title="Francis II of France">Francis II of France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Stuart,_Lord_Darnley" title="Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley">Henry Stuart</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">James Hepburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_of_Denmark" title="Anne of Denmark">Anne of Denmark</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="*_Royal_consorts_in_England_and_Scotland_after_the_Union_of_the_Crowns_from_1603"> <ul><li><b>Royal consorts in England and Scotland after the <a href="/wiki/Union_of_the_Crowns" title="Union of the Crowns">Union of the Crowns</a> from 1603</b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anne_of_Denmark" title="Anne of Denmark">Anne of Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henrietta_Maria_of_France" title="Henrietta Maria of France">Henrietta Maria of France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Braganza" title="Catherine of Braganza">Catherine of Braganza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Modena" title="Mary of Modena">Mary of Modena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_George_of_Denmark" title="Prince George of Denmark">George of Denmark and Norway</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="*_British_royal_consorts_after_the_Acts_of_Union_1707"> <ul><li><b>British royal consorts after the <a href="/wiki/Acts_of_Union_1707" title="Acts of Union 1707">Acts of Union 1707</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prince_George_of_Denmark" title="Prince George of Denmark">George of Denmark and Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caroline_of_Ansbach" title="Caroline of Ansbach">Caroline of Brandenburg-Ansbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_of_Mecklenburg-Strelitz" title="Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz">Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caroline_of_Brunswick" title="Caroline of Brunswick">Caroline of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adelaide_of_Saxe-Meiningen" title="Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen">Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Albert_of_Saxe-Coburg_and_Gotha" title="Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha">Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandra_of_Denmark" title="Alexandra of Denmark">Alexandra of Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Teck" title="Mary of Teck">Mary of Teck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_The_Queen_Mother" title="Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother">Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Philip,_Duke_of_Edinburgh" title="Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh">Philip of Greece and Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Camilla" title="Queen Camilla">Camilla Shand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Spouses of debatable or disputed rulers are in <i>italics</i></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q361184#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q361184#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q361184#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000023679897">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/72444302">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/14447/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJhhqJpdVRXmQthx4r8grq">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/128438088">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50042109">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb106664391">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb106664391">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p171549929">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007274126605171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd128438088.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6jq0z0m">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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