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An der Etsch - Wikipedia

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title="An der Etsch – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="An der Etsch" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deutschordensballei_An_der_Etsch_und_im_Gebirge" title="Deutschordensballei An der Etsch und im Gebirge – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Deutschordensballei An der Etsch und im Gebirge" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_der_Etsch" title="An der Etsch – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="An der Etsch" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_der_Etsch" title="An der Etsch – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="An der Etsch" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%88_%EB%8D%B0%EC%96%B4_%EC%97%90%EC%B9%98" title="안 데어 에치 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="안 데어 에치" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baliato_dell%27Ordine_Teutonico_all%27Adige_e_nei_Monti" title="Baliato dell&#039;Ordine Teutonico all&#039;Adige e nei Monti – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Baliato dell&#039;Ordine Teutonico all&#039;Adige e nei Monti" data-language-autonym="Italiano" 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.ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">Teutonic Bailiwick on the Adige and in the mountains</div><div class="ib-country-names"><i>Deutschordensballei An der Etsch und im Gebirge</i></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">1260–1805</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div style="padding: 0px 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of the Teutonic Order of An der Etsch"><img alt="Coat of arms of the Teutonic Order of An der Etsch" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg/85px-Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg/128px-Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg/170px-Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Teutonic_Knights" class="mw-redirect" title="Teutonic Knights"> Coat of arms of<br />the Teutonic Order</a></div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:DO-Ballei_Bozen.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Commandries in 1788"><img alt="Commandries in 1788" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/DO-Ballei_Bozen.png/250px-DO-Ballei_Bozen.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/DO-Ballei_Bozen.png/375px-DO-Ballei_Bozen.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/DO-Ballei_Bozen.png/500px-DO-Ballei_Bozen.png 2x" data-file-width="1044" data-file-height="929" /></a></span><div class="ib-country-map-caption">Commandries in 1788</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Estate" title="Imperial Estate">State</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bolzano" title="Bolzano">Bolzano</a><br /><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=An_der_Etsch&amp;params=46.493526_N_11.340593_E_type:city"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">46°29′37″N</span> <span class="longitude">11°20′26″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">46.493526°N 11.340593°E</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">46.493526; 11.340593</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Common&#160;languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Bavarian" title="Southern Bavarian">Southern Bavarian</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Government</th><td class="infobox-data">Theocracy</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Historical era</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">•&#160;Established </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1260</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">•&#160;Joined <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Circle" title="Austrian Circle">Austrian Circle</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1512</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">•&#160;<a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Pressburg_(1805)" title="Peace of Pressburg (1805)">Ceded</a> to <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bavaria" title="Kingdom of Bavaria">Kingdom of Bavaria</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1805</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="width:95%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center; border:0; padding-bottom:0"><div id="before-after"></div></td> <td style="text-align:center;border:0; padding-bottom:0;"><b>Succeeded by</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; border:0;"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;border:0;"> <table style="width:92%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/County_of_Tyrol" title="County of Tyrol">County of Tyrol</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arms_of_the_County_of_Tyrol.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="County of Tyrol"><img alt="County of Tyrol" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Arms_of_the_County_of_Tyrol.svg/18px-Arms_of_the_County_of_Tyrol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Arms_of_the_County_of_Tyrol.svg/27px-Arms_of_the_County_of_Tyrol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Arms_of_the_County_of_Tyrol.svg/36px-Arms_of_the_County_of_Tyrol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="825" data-file-height="963" /></a></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>An der Etsch und im Gebirge</b> (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a> for 'On the <a href="/wiki/Adige" title="Adige">Etsch</a> and in the Mountains') was a <a href="/wiki/Bailiwick" title="Bailiwick">bailiwick</a> (<i>Ballei</i>) of the <a href="/wiki/Teutonic_Knights" class="mw-redirect" title="Teutonic Knights">Teutonic Order</a>, created about 1260 and headquartered in <a href="/wiki/Bolzano" title="Bolzano">Bolzano</a> (<i>Bozen</i>), now in the <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italian</a> province of <a href="/wiki/South_Tyrol" title="South Tyrol">South Tyrol</a>, comprising several <a href="/wiki/Commandry" class="mw-redirect" title="Commandry">commandries</a> in the former <a href="/wiki/County_of_Tyrol" title="County of Tyrol">County of Tyrol</a> and the adjacent <a href="/wiki/Prince-Bishopric_of_Trent" title="Prince-Bishopric of Trent">Bishopric of Trent</a>. </p><p>One of the Teutonic provinces within the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a>, An der Etsch held the feudal status of <a href="/wiki/Imperial_immediacy" title="Imperial immediacy">Imperial immediacy</a> as a registered <a href="/wiki/Imperial_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial State">Imperial State</a>. Its <a href="/wiki/Commandry" class="mw-redirect" title="Commandry">commandries</a> were subordinate to a <i>Landkomtur</i> (<i>commendator provincialis</i>), who himself was answerable to the <i>Deutschmeister</i> commander of all bailiwicks in <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Germany" title="Kingdom of Germany">Germany</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy_(Holy_Roman_Empire)" title="Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)">Italy</a>, at times directly to the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Masters_of_the_Teutonic_Knights" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Masters of the Teutonic Knights">Grand Master</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Deutschhaus_in_Bozen_(1910).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Deutschhaus_in_Bozen_%281910%29.jpg/220px-Deutschhaus_in_Bozen_%281910%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Deutschhaus_in_Bozen_%281910%29.jpg/330px-Deutschhaus_in_Bozen_%281910%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Deutschhaus_in_Bozen_%281910%29.jpg/440px-Deutschhaus_in_Bozen_%281910%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3193" data-file-height="2039" /></a><figcaption>Commandry (<i>Deutschhaus</i>) Bolzano</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=An_der_Etsch&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Teutonic Knights had erected a first hospital at the confluence of Etsch and <a href="/wiki/Eisack" title="Eisack">Eisack</a> near Bozen in 1202, followed by several hostels along the mountain road up to the <a href="/wiki/Brenner_Pass" title="Brenner Pass">Brenner Pass</a>, vital for the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Holy Roman Emperor">Holy Roman Emperors</a> heading for Italy or on <a href="/wiki/Crusades" title="Crusades">crusades</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Land" title="Holy Land">Holy Land</a>. </p><p>The bailiwick lost its autonomy during the <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a> upon the 1805 <a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Pressburg_(1805)" title="Peace of Pressburg (1805)">Peace of Pressburg</a>, when Tyrol was ceded to the newly established <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bavaria" title="Kingdom of Bavaria">Kingdom of Bavaria</a> and finally incorporated into the <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Empire" title="Austrian Empire">Austrian Empire</a> in 1814. From the view of the Teutonic Order, the province was never disestablished and up to today <i>An der Etsch</i> denotes the <a href="/wiki/Lay_brother" title="Lay brother">lay brothers</a>' organisation in South Tyrol. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Commandries_around_1400">Commandries around 1400</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=An_der_Etsch&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Commandries around 1400"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bolzano" title="Bolzano">Bolzano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lana,_South_Tyrol" title="Lana, South Tyrol">Lana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ritten" title="Ritten">Lengmoos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schlanders" title="Schlanders">Schlanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sterzing" title="Sterzing">Sterzing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Leonhard_in_Passeier" title="St. Leonhard in 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id="23x15px&amp;#124;border_&amp;#124;alt=Holy_Roman_Empire&amp;#124;link=Holy_Roman_Empire_Austrian_Circle_of_the_Holy_Roman_Empire" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire"><img alt="Holy Roman Empire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg/23px-Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg/35px-Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg/45px-Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Circle" title="Austrian Circle">Austrian Circle</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Austria.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Austria"><img alt="Flag of Austria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/22px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/33px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/44px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/House_of_Habsburg" title="House of Habsburg">Habsburg</a> lands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archduchy_of_Austria" title="Archduchy of Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Carinthia" title="Duchy of Carinthia">Carinthia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Carniola" title="Duchy of Carniola">Carniola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Further_Austria" title="Further Austria">Further Austria</a> (<a href="/wiki/Weingarten,_W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Weingarten, Württemberg">Altdorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Bregenz" title="County of Bregenz">Bregenz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breisgau" title="Breisgau">Breisgau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margraviate_of_Burgau" class="mw-redirect" title="Margraviate of Burgau">Burgau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counts_of_Hohenberg_(Swabia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Counts of Hohenberg (Swabia)">Hohenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishopric_of_Constance" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishopric of Constance">Konstanz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ortenau" title="Ortenau">Ortenau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stockach" title="Stockach">Stockach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundgau" title="Sundgau">Sundgau</a> <small>(until 1648)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tettnang" title="Tettnang">Tettnang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winnweiler" title="Winnweiler">Winnweiler</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Gorizia" title="County of Gorizia">Gorizia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_of_Istria" title="March of Istria">Istria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Styria" title="Duchy of Styria">Styria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarasp" title="Tarasp">Tarasp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tengen,_Germany" title="Tengen, Germany">Tengen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trieste" title="Trieste">Trieste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Tyrol" title="County of Tyrol">Tyrol</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Locator_Austrian_Circle.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Map indicating the Austrian Circle of the Holy Roman Empire"><img alt="Map indicating the Austrian Circle of the Holy Roman Empire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Locator_Austrian_Circle.svg/100px-Locator_Austrian_Circle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Locator_Austrian_Circle.svg/150px-Locator_Austrian_Circle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Locator_Austrian_Circle.svg/200px-Locator_Austrian_Circle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1165" data-file-height="1140" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Habsburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Habsburg">Habsburg</a>’s <a href="/wiki/Vassal" title="Vassal">vassals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Liechtenstein" class="mw-redirect" title="Principality of Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span style="padding-left:22px;">&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/Prince-Bishop" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince-Bishop">Prince-Bishoprics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prince-Bishopric_of_Brixen" title="Prince-Bishopric of Brixen">Brixen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince-Bishopric_of_Chur" title="Prince-Bishopric of Chur">Chur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince-Bishopric_of_Trent" title="Prince-Bishopric of Trent">Trent</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of the Teutonic Order"><img alt="Coat of arms of the Teutonic Order" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg/17px-Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg/26px-Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg/35px-Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Teutonic_Knights" class="mw-redirect" title="Teutonic Knights">Teutonic</a> bailiwicks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">An der Etsch</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bailiwick_of_Austria&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bailiwick of Austria (page does not exist)">Austria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>Circles est. 1500: <a href="/wiki/Bavarian_Circle" title="Bavarian Circle">Bavarian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Swabian_Circle" title="Swabian Circle">Swabian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Upper_Rhenish_Circle" title="Upper Rhenish Circle">Upper Rhenish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lower_Rhenish%E2%80%93Westphalian_Circle" title="Lower Rhenish–Westphalian Circle">Lower Rhenish–Westphalian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Franconian_Circle" title="Franconian Circle">Franconian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lower_Saxon_Circle" title="Lower Saxon Circle">(Lower) Saxon</a><br />Circles est. 1512: <b>Austrian</b>, <a href="/wiki/Burgundian_Circle" title="Burgundian Circle">Burgundian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Upper_Saxon_Circle" title="Upper Saxon Circle">Upper Saxon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Electoral_Rhenish_Circle" title="Electoral Rhenish Circle">Electoral Rhenish</a> <span class="nowrap">&#160;&#160;&#160;</span> · <span class="nowrap">&#160;&#160;&#160;</span> <a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_Holy_Roman_Empire_outside_the_Imperial_Circles" title="Territories of the Holy Roman Empire outside the Imperial Circles">Unencircled territories</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐847495b4dd‐4g2ng Cached time: 20241128132424 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.448 seconds Real time usage: 0.737 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2795/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 44369/2097152 bytes 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