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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bidirectional_text_control" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bidirectional_text_control"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Bidirectional text control</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bidirectional_text_control-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Variation_selectors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Variation_selectors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Variation selectors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Variation_selectors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Control_pictures" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Control_pictures"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span 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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Non-printing format effectors and control codes included in Unicode</div> <p>Many <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> characters are used to control the interpretation or display of text, but these characters themselves have no visual or spatial representation. For example, the <a href="/wiki/Null_character" title="Null character">null character</a> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049734">.mw-parser-output .monospaced{font-family:monospace,monospace}</style><span class="monospaced">U+0000</span> <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Control_characters" class="mw-redirect" title="Control characters">NULL</a></span>) is used in C-programming application environments to indicate the end of a string of characters. In this way, these programs only require a single starting memory address for a <a href="/wiki/String_(computer_science)" title="String (computer science)">string</a> (as opposed to a starting address and a length), since the string ends once the program reads the null character. </p><p>In the narrowest sense, a <i>control code</i> is a character with the <a href="/wiki/Unicode_character_property#General_Category" title="Unicode character property">general category</a> <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">Cc</code>, which comprises the <a href="/wiki/C0_and_C1_control_codes" title="C0 and C1 control codes">C0 and C1 control codes</a>, a concept defined in <a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_2022" title="ISO/IEC 2022">ISO/IEC 2022</a> and inherited by Unicode, with the most common set being defined in <a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_6429" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO/IEC 6429">ISO/IEC 6429</a>. Control codes are handled distinctly from ordinary Unicode characters, for example, by not being assigned character names (although they are assigned normative formal aliases).<sup id="cite_ref-aliases_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aliases-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a broader sense, other non-printing format characters, such as those used in <a href="/wiki/Bidirectional_text" title="Bidirectional text">bidirectional text</a>, are also referred to as <i>control characters</i> by software;<sup id="cite_ref-segan_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-segan-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> these are mostly assigned to the general category <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">Cf</code> (format), used for format effectors introduced and defined by Unicode itself. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Category_"Cc"_control_codes_(C0_and_C1)"><span id="Category_.22Cc.22_control_codes_.28C0_and_C1.29"></span>Category "Cc" control codes (C0 and C1)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unicode_control_characters&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Category "Cc" control codes (C0 and C1)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/C0_and_C1_control_codes" title="C0 and C1 control codes">C0 and C1 control codes</a></div> <p>The control code ranges 0x00–0x1F ("C0") and 0x7F originate from the 1967 edition of <a href="/wiki/US-ASCII" class="mw-redirect" title="US-ASCII">US-ASCII</a>. The standard <a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_2022" title="ISO/IEC 2022">ISO/IEC 2022</a> (ECMA-35) defines extension methods for ASCII, including a secondary "C1" range of 8-bit control codes from 0x80 to 0x9F, equivalent to 7-bit sequences of <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r936282034">.mw-parser-output .control-code-link-internal{border-bottom:1px dashed #86a1ff}.mw-parser-output .control-code-link-internal a{color:inherit}</style><a href="/wiki/C0_and_C1_control_codes#ESC" title="C0 and C1 control codes">ESC</a> with the bytes 0x40 through 0x5F. Collectively, codes in these ranges are known as the <a href="/wiki/C0_and_C1_control_codes" title="C0 and C1 control codes">C0 and C1 control codes</a>. Although ISO/IEC 2022 allows for the existence of multiple control code sets specifying differing interpretations of these control codes, their most common interpretation is specified in <a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_6429" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO/IEC 6429">ISO/IEC 6429</a> (ECMA-48). </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859" title="ISO/IEC 8859">ISO/IEC 8859</a> series of encodings conforms to <a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_4873" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO/IEC 4873">ISO/IEC 4873</a> (ECMA-43) level 1, a subset of ISO/IEC 2022 designed for 8-bit character encodings, and therefore reserves the range 0x80–0x9F for use as non-printing codes by C1 control code sets such as ISO/IEC 6429.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unicode inherits its <a href="/wiki/Basic_Latin_(Unicode_block)" title="Basic Latin (Unicode block)">first</a> and <a href="/wiki/Latin-1_Supplement_(Unicode_block)" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin-1 Supplement (Unicode block)">second</a> blocks (comprising U+0000 through U+00FF) from ASCII and <a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-1" title="ISO/IEC 8859-1">ISO/IEC 8859-1</a>, thus incorporating the C0 and C1 control code ranges (U+0000–U+001F, U+007F–U+009F) as general category "Cc". It does not assign normative names to these control codes, though it does assign them normative aliases.<sup id="cite_ref-aliases_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aliases-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Category "Cc" control codes can serve a variety of purposes, not limited to format effectors: for example, the default ASCII C0 set includes six format effectors (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034"><a href="/wiki/C0_and_C1_control_codes#BS" title="C0 and C1 control codes">BS</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034"><a href="/wiki/Horizontal_Tab" class="mw-redirect" title="Horizontal Tab">HT</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034"><a href="/wiki/Line_feed" class="mw-redirect" title="Line feed">LF</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034"><a href="/wiki/Vertical_Tab" class="mw-redirect" title="Vertical Tab">VT</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034"><a href="/wiki/Form_feed" class="mw-redirect" title="Form feed">FF</a> and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034"><a href="/wiki/Carriage_return" title="Carriage return">CR</a>), ten transmission controls, four device controls, four information separators and eight other control codes.<sup id="cite_ref-ir001_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ir001-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most of these characters play no explicit role in Unicode text handling, and are used only by higher-level protocols such as those used by <a href="/wiki/Terminal_emulator" title="Terminal emulator">terminal emulators</a>. Certain characters are commonly used for formatting or <a href="/wiki/Sentinel_value" title="Sentinel value">sentinel</a> purposes: </p> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+0000</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">NULL</span> (used in <a href="/wiki/Null-terminated_string" title="Null-terminated string">null-terminated strings</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+0009</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">HORIZONTAL TABULATION (HT)</span> (inserted by the <a href="/wiki/Tab_key" title="Tab key">tab key</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+000A</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">LINE FEED (LF)</span> (used as a <a href="/wiki/Newline" title="Newline">line break</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+000C</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">FORM FEED (FF)</span> (denotes a <a href="/wiki/Page_break" title="Page break">page break</a> in a plain text file)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+000D</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">CARRIAGE RETURN (CR)</span> (used in some line-breaking conventions)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+0085</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">NEXT LINE (NEL)</span> (sometimes used as a line break in text transcoded from <a href="/wiki/EBCDIC" title="EBCDIC">EBCDIC</a>)</li></ul> <p>Unicode only specifies semantics for <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+0009—U+000D</span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+001C—U+001F</span>, and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+0085</span> (the ASCII format effectors except for <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034"><a href="/wiki/C0_and_C1_control_codes#BS" title="C0 and C1 control codes">BS</a>, plus the ASCII information separators and the C1 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r936282034"><a href="/wiki/C0_and_C1_control_codes#NEL" title="C0 and C1 control codes">NEL</a>). The rest of the "Cc" control codes are transparent to Unicode and their meanings are left to higher-level protocols, although interpretation as defined in ISO/IEC 6429 is suggested as a default.<sup id="cite_ref-unicode-23-1_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unicode-23-1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Furthermore, certain specialised higher-level protocols, such as transcoded <a href="/wiki/Teletext" title="Teletext">Teletext</a>, may include a <a href="/wiki/Teletext_character_set#Control_characters" title="Teletext character set">different interpretation</a> of the entire C0 control code range.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Unicode_introduced_separators">Unicode introduced separators</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unicode_control_characters&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Unicode introduced separators"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In an attempt to simplify the several <a href="/wiki/Newline" title="Newline">newline</a> characters used in legacy text<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>, Unicode introduces its own newline characters to separate either lines or paragraphs: <span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+2028</span> </span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">LINE SEPARATOR</span> (abbreviated LS or LSEP) and <span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+2029</span> </span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">PARAGRAPH SEPARATOR</span> (abbreviated PS or PSEP). </p><p>Like CR and LF, LS and PS are effectors for text formatting; unlike CR and LF, they are not treated as "control codes" for <a href="/wiki/ECMA-35" class="mw-redirect" title="ECMA-35">ECMA-35</a>/<a href="/wiki/ECMA-48" class="mw-redirect" title="ECMA-48">ECMA-48</a> purposes (category <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">Cc</code>), rather having semantics defined entirely by Unicode itself. They are assigned to <i><a href="/wiki/Sui_generis" title="Sui generis">sui generis</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Unicode_character_property#General_Category" title="Unicode character property">Unicode categories</a> <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">Zl</code> and <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">Zp</code> respectively, under the major category <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">Z</code> (separator) used for certain <a href="/wiki/Whitespace_character" title="Whitespace character">whitespace characters</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Language_tags">Language tags</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unicode_control_characters&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Language tags"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Tags_(Unicode_block)" title="Tags (Unicode block)">Tags (Unicode block)</a></div> <p>Unicode includes 128 characters, now deprecated, previously intended as language tags. These characters essentially mirrored the 128 ASCII characters but were used to identify the subsequent text as belonging to a particular language according to <a href="/wiki/BCP_47" class="mw-redirect" title="BCP 47">BCP 47</a>. For example, to indicate subsequent text as the variant of English as written in the United States, the sequence <span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+E0001</span> </span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">LANGUAGE TAG</span>, <span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+E0065</span> </span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">TAG LATIN SMALL LETTER E</span>, <span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+E006E</span> </span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">TAG LATIN SMALL LETTER N</span>, <span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+E002D</span> </span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">TAG HYPHEN-MINUS</span>, <span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+E0075</span> </span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">TAG LATIN SMALL LETTER U</span> and <span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+E0073</span> </span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">TAG LATIN SMALL LETTER S</span> would have been used. </p><p>These language tag characters would not be displayed themselves. However, they would provide information for text processing or even for the display of other characters. For example, the display of Unihan ideographs might have substituted different glyphs if the language tags indicated Korean than if the tags indicated Japanese. Another example, might have influenced the display of decimal digits 0 through 9 differently depending on the language they appeared in. </p><p>The tag characters <span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+E0001</span> </span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">LANGUAGE TAG</span> and <span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+E007F</span> </span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">CANCEL TAG</span> were deprecated in Unicode 5.1 (2008) and should not be used for language information.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The characters <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+E0020—U+E0073</span> were also deprecated, but were restored with the release of Unicode 8.0 (2015). The change was made "to clear the way for the potential future use of tag characters for a purpose other than to represent language tags".<sup id="cite_ref-migration_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-migration-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unicode states that "the use of tag characters to represent language tags in a plain text stream is still a deprecated mechanism for conveying language information about text.<sup id="cite_ref-migration_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-migration-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Interlinear_annotation">Interlinear annotation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unicode_control_characters&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Interlinear annotation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Three formatting characters provide support for <a href="/wiki/Ruby_text" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruby text">interlinear annotation</a> (<span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+FFF9</span> </span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">INTERLINEAR ANNOTATION ANCHOR</span>, <span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+FFFA</span> </span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">INTERLINEAR ANNOTATION SEPARATOR</span>, <span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+FFFB</span> </span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">INTERLINEAR ANNOTATION TERMINATOR</span>). This may be used for providing notes that would typically be displayed between the lines of other text. Unicode considers such annotation to be rich text and recommends using other protocols for such annotation. The W3C <a href="/wiki/Ruby_character#Ruby_markup" title="Ruby character">Ruby markup</a> recommendation is an example of an alternate protocol supporting more advanced interlinear annotation. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bidirectional_text_control">Bidirectional text control</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unicode_control_characters&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Bidirectional text control"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Bidirectional_text" title="Bidirectional text">Bidirectional text</a></div> <p>Unicode supports standard bidirectional text without any special characters. In other words Unicode conforming software should display right-to-left characters such as Hebrew letters as right-to-left simply from the properties of those characters. Similarly, Unicode handles the mixture of left-to-right-text alongside right-to-left text without any special characters. For example, one can quote Arabic (“بسم الله”) (translated into English as "Bismillah") right alongside English and the Arabic letters will flow from right-to-left and the Latin letters left-to-right. </p><p>However, directionality may not be detected correctly if left-to-right text is quoted at the beginning of a right-to-left paragraph (or <i>vice versa</i>),<sup id="cite_ref-segan_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-segan-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the support for bidirectional text becomes even more complicated when text flowing in opposite directions is embedded hierarchically, for example if an English text quotes an Arabic phrase that in turn quotes an English phrase. Other situations may also complicate this, such as when an author wants the left-to-right characters overridden so that they flow from right-to-left. While these situations are fairly rare, Unicode provides twelve characters to help control these embedded bidirectional text levels up to 125 levels deep:<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+061C</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">؜</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">ARABIC LETTER MARK</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+200E</span> </span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">LEFT-TO-RIGHT MARK</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+200F</span> </span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">RIGHT-TO-LEFT MARK</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+202A</span> </span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">LEFT-TO-RIGHT EMBEDDING</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+202B</span> </span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">RIGHT-TO-LEFT EMBEDDING</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+202C</span> </span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">POP DIRECTIONAL FORMATTING</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+202D</span> </span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">LEFT-TO-RIGHT OVERRIDE</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+202E</span> </span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">RIGHT-TO-LEFT OVERRIDE</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+2066</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">⁦</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">LEFT-TO-RIGHT ISOLATE</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+2067</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">⁧</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">RIGHT-TO-LEFT ISOLATE</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+2068</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">⁨</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">FIRST STRONG ISOLATE</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+2069</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">⁩</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">POP DIRECTIONAL ISOLATE</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Variation_selectors">Variation selectors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unicode_control_characters&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Variation selectors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Variation_selector_(Unicode)" class="mw-redirect" title="Variation selector (Unicode)">Variation selector (Unicode)</a></div> <p>Many characters map to alternate glyphs depending on the context. For example, Arabic and Latin cursive characters substitute different glyphs to connect glyphs together depending on whether the character is the initial character in a word, the final character, a medial character or an isolated character. These types of glyph substitution are easily handled by the context of the character with no other authoring input involved. Authors may also use special-purpose characters such as joiners and non-joiners to force an alternate form of glyph where it would not otherwise appear. Ligatures are similar instances where glyphs may be substituted simply by turning ligatures on or off as a rich text attribute. </p><p>However, for other glyph substitution, the author's intent may need to be encoded with the text and cannot be determined contextually. This is the case with character/glyphs referred to as <a href="/wiki/Kanji#Gaiji" title="Kanji">gaiji</a> where different glyphs are used for the same character either historically or for ideographs for family names. This is one of the gray areas in distinguishing between a glyph and a character. If a family name differs slightly from the ideograph character it derives from, then is that a simple glyph variant or a character variant. As of Unicode 3.2 and 4.0, the character set now includes 256 variation selectors so that these combining mark characters can select from 256 possible character/glyph variations for the preceding character. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Control_pictures">Control pictures</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unicode_control_characters&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Control pictures"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Unicode provides graphic characters for representing <a href="/wiki/C0_control_codes" class="mw-redirect" title="C0 control codes">C0 control codes</a> (and <a href="/wiki/Space_(character)" class="mw-redirect" title="Space (character)">space</a> and a generic <a href="/wiki/Newline" title="Newline">newline</a>) in the <b>Control Pictures</b> block. They are visual representations, not the actual control codes themselves. There are no equivalent characters for the <a href="/wiki/C1_control_codes" class="mw-redirect" title="C1 control codes">C1 control codes</a>. </p> <table class="wikitable nounderlines" style="border-collapse:collapse;background:var(--background-color-base,#fff);color:inherit;font-size:large;text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="17" style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small"><b><a href="/wiki/Control_Pictures" title="Control Pictures">Control Pictures</a></b><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_U2400_as_of_Unicode_version"><a href="#endnote_U2400_as_of_Unicode_version">[1]</a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_U2400_grey"><a href="#endnote_U2400_grey">[2]</a></sup><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U2400.pdf">Official Unicode Consortium code chart</a> (PDF) </td></tr> <tr style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small"> <td style="width:45pt"> </td> <td style="width:20pt">0</td> <td style="width:20pt">1</td> <td style="width:20pt">2</td> <td style="width:20pt">3</td> <td style="width:20pt">4</td> <td style="width:20pt">5</td> <td style="width:20pt">6</td> <td style="width:20pt">7</td> <td style="width:20pt">8</td> <td style="width:20pt">9</td> <td style="width:20pt">A</td> <td style="width:20pt">B</td> <td style="width:20pt">C</td> <td style="width:20pt">D</td> <td style="width:20pt">E</td> <td style="width:20pt">F </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+240x </td> <td title="U+2400: SYMBOL FOR NULL">␀ </td> <td title="U+2401: SYMBOL FOR START OF HEADING">␁ </td> <td title="U+2402: SYMBOL FOR START OF TEXT">␂ </td> <td title="U+2403: SYMBOL FOR END OF TEXT">␃ </td> <td title="U+2404: SYMBOL FOR END OF TRANSMISSION">␄ </td> <td title="U+2405: SYMBOL FOR ENQUIRY">␅ </td> <td title="U+2406: SYMBOL FOR ACKNOWLEDGE">␆ </td> <td title="U+2407: SYMBOL FOR BELL">␇ </td> <td title="U+2408: SYMBOL FOR BACKSPACE">␈ </td> <td title="U+2409: SYMBOL FOR HORIZONTAL TABULATION">␉ </td> <td title="U+240A: SYMBOL FOR LINE FEED">␊ </td> <td title="U+240B: SYMBOL FOR VERTICAL TABULATION">␋ </td> <td title="U+240C: SYMBOL FOR FORM FEED">␌ </td> <td title="U+240D: SYMBOL FOR CARRIAGE RETURN">␍ </td> <td title="U+240E: SYMBOL FOR SHIFT OUT">␎ </td> <td title="U+240F: SYMBOL FOR SHIFT IN">␏ </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+241x </td> <td title="U+2410: SYMBOL FOR DATA LINK ESCAPE">␐ </td> <td title="U+2411: SYMBOL FOR DEVICE CONTROL ONE">␑ </td> <td title="U+2412: SYMBOL FOR DEVICE CONTROL TWO">␒ </td> <td title="U+2413: SYMBOL FOR DEVICE CONTROL THREE">␓ </td> <td title="U+2414: SYMBOL FOR DEVICE CONTROL FOUR">␔ </td> <td title="U+2415: SYMBOL FOR NEGATIVE ACKNOWLEDGE">␕ </td> <td title="U+2416: SYMBOL FOR SYNCHRONOUS IDLE">␖ </td> <td title="U+2417: SYMBOL FOR END OF TRANSMISSION BLOCK">␗ </td> <td title="U+2418: SYMBOL FOR CANCEL">␘ </td> <td title="U+2419: SYMBOL FOR END OF MEDIUM">␙ </td> <td title="U+241A: SYMBOL FOR SUBSTITUTE">␚ </td> <td title="U+241B: SYMBOL FOR ESCAPE">␛ </td> <td title="U+241C: SYMBOL FOR FILE SEPARATOR">␜ </td> <td title="U+241D: SYMBOL FOR GROUP SEPARATOR">␝ </td> <td title="U+241E: SYMBOL FOR RECORD SEPARATOR">␞ </td> <td title="U+241F: SYMBOL FOR UNIT SEPARATOR">␟ </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+242x </td> <td title="U+2420: SYMBOL FOR SPACE">␠ </td> <td title="U+2421: SYMBOL FOR DELETE">␡ </td> <td title="U+2422: BLANK SYMBOL">␢ </td> <td title="U+2423: OPEN BOX">␣ </td> <td title="U+2424: SYMBOL FOR NEWLINE">␤ </td> <td title="U+2425: SYMBOL FOR DELETE FORM TWO">␥ </td> <td title="U+2426: SYMBOL FOR SUBSTITUTE FORM TWO">␦ </td> <td title="U+2427: SYMBOL FOR DELETE SQUARE CHECKER BOARD FORM">␧ </td> <td title="U+2428: SYMBOL FOR DELETE RECTANGULAR CHECKER BOARD FORM">␨ </td> <td title="U+2429: SYMBOL FOR DELETE MEDIUM SHADE FORM">␩ </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+243x </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;">  </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="17" style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small;text-align:left"><b>Notes</b> <dl><dd>1.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_U2400_as_of_Unicode_version"><b><a href="#ref_U2400_as_of_Unicode_version">^</a></b></span> As of Unicode version 16.0</dd> <dd>2.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_U2400_grey"><b><a href="#ref_U2400_grey">^</a></b></span> Grey areas indicate non-assigned code points</dd></dl> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unicode_control_characters&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Specials_(Unicode_block)" title="Specials (Unicode block)">Specials (Unicode block)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2047" title="ISO 2047">ISO 2047</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unicode_control_characters&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-aliases-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-aliases_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-aliases_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/Public/UCD/latest/ucd/NameAliases.txt">"Name Aliases"</a>. <i>Unicode Character Database</i>. <a href="/wiki/Unicode_Consortium" title="Unicode Consortium">Unicode Consortium</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Unicode+Character+Database&rft.atitle=Name+Aliases&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2FPublic%2FUCD%2Flatest%2Fucd%2FNameAliases.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnicode+control+characters" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-segan-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-segan_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-segan_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSegan" class="citation web cs1">Segan, Danilo. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kvota.net/guadec/localised-desktop-talk/">"Towards a localised desktop"</a>. <q>For some cases where automatic decision making doesn't work, you can manually add specific direction markers by right-clicking the text field, choosing "Insert Unicode control character" from the menu, and selecting appropriate direction mark. This would allow you, for instance, to start your RTL text with an otherwise LTR word (such as "GNOME").</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Towards+a+localised+desktop&rft.aulast=Segan&rft.aufirst=Danilo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkvota.net%2Fguadec%2Flocalised-desktop-talk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnicode+control+characters" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFISO/IEC_JTC_1/SC_2/WG_31998" class="citation cs1"><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_JTC_1/SC_2" title="ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2">ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2/WG 3</a> (1998-02-12). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.open-std.org/JTC1/sc2/wg3/docs/n411.pdf"><i>Final Text of DIS 8859-1, 8-bit single-byte coded graphic character sets—Part 1: Latin alphabet No.1</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/ISO" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO">ISO</a>/<a href="/wiki/International_Electrotechnical_Commission" title="International Electrotechnical Commission">IEC</a> <a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Standardization#Standardization_process" title="International Organization for Standardization">FDIS</a> 8859-1:1998; JTC1/SC2/N2988; WG3/N411. <q>This set of coded graphic characters may be regarded as a version of an 8-bit code according to ISO/IEC 2022 or ISO/IEC 4873 at level 1. […] The shaded positions in the code table correspond to bit combinations that do not represent graphic characters. Their use is outside the scope of ISO/IEC 8859; it is specified in other International Standards, for example ISO/IEC 6429.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Final+Text+of+DIS+8859-1%2C+8-bit+single-byte+coded+graphic+character+sets%E2%80%94Part+1%3A+Latin+alphabet+No.1&rft.date=1998-02-12&rft.au=ISO%2FIEC+JTC+1%2FSC+2%2FWG+3&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.open-std.org%2FJTC1%2Fsc2%2Fwg3%2Fdocs%2Fn411.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnicode+control+characters" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Citation" title="Template:Citation">citation</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ir001-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ir001_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFISO-IR-11975" class="citation cs1"><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_JTC_1/SC_2#History" title="ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2">ISO/TC 97/SC 2</a> (1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://itscj.ipsj.or.jp/ir/001.pdf"><i>The set of control characters of the ISO 646</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. ITSCJ/<a href="/wiki/Information_Processing_Society_of_Japan" title="Information Processing Society of Japan">IPSJ</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISO-IR" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO-IR">ISO-IR</a>-1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+set+of+control+characters+of+the+ISO+646&rft.pub=ITSCJ%2FIPSJ&rft.date=1975&rft.au=ISO%2FTC+97%2FSC+2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fitscj.ipsj.or.jp%2Fir%2F001.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnicode+control+characters" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Citation" title="Template:Citation">citation</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-unicode-23-1-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-unicode-23-1_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnicode_Consortium2019" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Unicode_Consortium" title="Unicode Consortium">Unicode Consortium</a> (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode12.0.0/ch23.pdf#page=3"><i>23.1: Control Codes</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (12.0.0 ed.). pp. 868–870. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-936213-22-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-936213-22-1"><bdi>978-1-936213-22-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=23.1%3A+Control+Codes&rft.pages=868-870&rft.edition=12.0.0&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-1-936213-22-1&rft.au=Unicode+Consortium&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2Fversions%2FUnicode12.0.0%2Fch23.pdf%23page%3D3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnicode+control+characters" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|work=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEwell2020" class="citation web cs1">Ewell, Doug (2020-10-16). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://corp.unicode.org/pipermail/unicode/2020-October/009120.html">"Teletext separated mosaic graphics"</a>. <i>Unicode Mailing List Archive</i>. <a href="/wiki/Unicode_Consortium" title="Unicode Consortium">Unicode Consortium</a>. <q>I reiterate that it was UTC [<a href="/wiki/Unicode_Technical_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Unicode Technical Committee">Unicode Technical Committee</a>] and Script Ad Hoc who provided the guidance to the group writing the <a href="/wiki/Symbols_for_Legacy_Computing" title="Symbols for Legacy Computing">Symbols for Legacy Computing</a> proposal (and there is a second on the way) that 0x00 through 0x1F in the original teletext set should map to U+0000 through U+001F when converting to Unicode.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Unicode+Mailing+List+Archive&rft.atitle=Teletext+separated+mosaic+graphics&rft.date=2020-10-16&rft.aulast=Ewell&rft.aufirst=Doug&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcorp.unicode.org%2Fpipermail%2Funicode%2F2020-October%2F009120.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnicode+control+characters" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKlensinPresuhnWhistlerDürst2010" class="citation journal cs1">Klensin, John C.; Presuhn, Randy; Whistler, Ken; Dürst, Martin J.; Adams, Glenn (November 2010). Presuhn, R. (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6082">"RFC6082: Deprecating Unicode Language Tag Characters: RFC 2482 is Historic"</a>. Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17487%2FRFC6082">10.17487/RFC6082</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=RFC6082%3A+Deprecating+Unicode+Language+Tag+Characters%3A+RFC+2482+is+Historic&rft.date=2010-11&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17487%2FRFC6082&rft.aulast=Klensin&rft.aufirst=John+C.&rft.au=Presuhn%2C+Randy&rft.au=Whistler%2C+Ken&rft.au=D%C3%BCrst%2C+Martin+J.&rft.au=Adams%2C+Glenn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftools.ietf.org%2Fhtml%2Frfc6082&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnicode+control+characters" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-migration-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-migration_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-migration_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://unicode.org/versions/Unicode8.0.0/#Migration">"Unicode 8.0.0, Implications for Migration"</a>. Unicode Consortium.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Unicode+8.0.0%2C+Implications+for+Migration&rft.pub=Unicode+Consortium&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Funicode.org%2Fversions%2FUnicode8.0.0%2F%23Migration&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnicode+control+characters" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://unicode.org/reports/tr9/">"UAX #9: Unicode Bidirectional Algorithm"</a>. Unicode Consortium. 2018-05-09.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UAX+%239%3A+Unicode+Bidirectional+Algorithm&rft.pub=Unicode+Consortium&rft.date=2018-05-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Funicode.org%2Freports%2Ftr9%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnicode+control+characters" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unicode_block" title="Unicode block">Block</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Unicode_blocks" title="Category:Unicode blocks">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Character_Set_characters" title="Universal Character Set characters">Universal Character Set</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Unicode_charts" title="Category:Unicode charts">Character charts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicode_character_property" title="Unicode character property">Character property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plane_(Unicode)" title="Plane (Unicode)">Plane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_Use_Areas" title="Private Use Areas">Private Use Area</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Characters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Universal_Character_Set_characters#Special-purpose_characters" title="Universal Character Set characters">Special purpose</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byte_order_mark" title="Byte order mark">BOM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combining_grapheme_joiner" title="Combining grapheme joiner">Combining grapheme joiner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left-to-right_mark" title="Left-to-right mark">Left-to-right mark</a> / <a href="/wiki/Right-to-left_mark" title="Right-to-left mark">Right-to-left mark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soft_hyphen" title="Soft hyphen">Soft hyphen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variant_form_(Unicode)" title="Variant form (Unicode)">Variant form</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Word_joiner" title="Word joiner">Word joiner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zero-width_joiner" title="Zero-width joiner">Zero-width joiner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zero-width_non-joiner" title="Zero-width non-joiner">Zero-width non-joiner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zero-width_space" title="Zero-width space">Zero-width space</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Unicode_characters" title="List of Unicode characters">Characters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CJK_Unified_Ideographs" title="CJK Unified Ideographs">CJK Unified Ideographs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combining_character" title="Combining character">Combining character</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duplicate_characters_in_Unicode" title="Duplicate characters in Unicode">Duplicate characters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numerals_in_Unicode" title="Numerals in Unicode">Numerals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Script_(Unicode)" title="Script (Unicode)">Scripts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_(punctuation)#Spaces_in_Unicode" title="Space (punctuation)">Spaces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicode_symbol" title="Unicode symbol">Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halfwidth_and_fullwidth_forms" title="Halfwidth and fullwidth forms">Halfwidth and fullwidth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicode_alias_names_and_abbreviations" title="Unicode alias names and abbreviations">Alias names and abbreviations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitespace_character#Unicode" title="Whitespace character">Whitespace characters</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Processing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em">Algorithms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bidirectional_text" title="Bidirectional text">Bidirectional text</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicode_collation_algorithm" title="Unicode collation algorithm">Collation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_14651" title="ISO/IEC 14651">ISO/IEC 14651</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicode_equivalence" title="Unicode equivalence">Equivalence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variant_form_(Unicode)" title="Variant form (Unicode)">Variation sequences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Ideographs_Core" title="International Ideographs Core">International Ideographs Core</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_Unicode_encodings" title="Comparison of Unicode encodings">Comparison of encodings</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Binary_Ordered_Compression_for_Unicode" title="Binary Ordered Compression for Unicode">BOCU-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CESU-8" title="CESU-8">CESU-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punycode" title="Punycode">Punycode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Compression_Scheme_for_Unicode" title="Standard Compression Scheme for Unicode">SCSU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UTF-1" title="UTF-1">UTF-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UTF-7" title="UTF-7">UTF-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UTF-8" title="UTF-8">UTF-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UTF-16" title="UTF-16">UTF-16/UCS-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UTF-32" title="UTF-32">UTF-32/UCS-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UTF-EBCDIC" title="UTF-EBCDIC">UTF-EBCDIC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">On pairs of<br />code points</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Combining_character" title="Combining character">Combining character</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicode_compatibility_characters" title="Unicode compatibility characters">Compatibility characters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duplicate_characters_in_Unicode" title="Duplicate characters in Unicode">Duplicate characters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicode_equivalence" title="Unicode equivalence">Equivalence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homoglyph" title="Homoglyph">Homoglyph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Precomposed_character" title="Precomposed character">Precomposed character</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_precomposed_Latin_characters_in_Unicode" title="List of precomposed Latin characters in Unicode">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z-variant" title="Z-variant">Z-variant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variant_form_(Unicode)" title="Variant form (Unicode)">Variation sequences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_indicator_symbol" title="Regional indicator symbol">Regional indicator symbol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emoji#Skin_color" title="Emoji">Emoji skin color</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Usage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Internationalized_domain_name" title="Internationalized domain name">Domain names (IDN)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicode_and_email" title="Unicode and email">Email</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicode_font" title="Unicode font">Fonts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicode_and_HTML" title="Unicode and HTML">HTML</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_XML_and_HTML_character_entity_references" title="List of XML and HTML character entity references">entity references</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numeric_character_reference" title="Numeric character reference">numeric references</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicode_input" title="Unicode input">Input</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Ideographs_Core" title="International Ideographs Core">International Ideographs Core</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related standards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Common_Locale_Data_Repository" title="Common Locale Data Repository">Common Locale Data Repository (CLDR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GB_18030" title="GB 18030">GB 18030</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859" title="ISO/IEC 8859">ISO/IEC 8859</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DIN_91379" title="DIN 91379">DIN 91379</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_15924" title="ISO 15924">ISO 15924</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unicode_anomaly" class="mw-redirect" title="Unicode anomaly">Anomalies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ConScript_Unicode_Registry" title="ConScript Unicode Registry">ConScript Unicode Registry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ideographic_Research_Group" title="Ideographic Research Group">Ideographic Research Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Components_for_Unicode" title="International Components for Unicode">International Components for Unicode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_involved_with_Unicode" title="Category:People involved with Unicode">People involved with Unicode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Han_unification" title="Han unification">Han unification</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Scripts_and_symbols_in_Unicode" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Script_(Unicode)" title="Script (Unicode)">Scripts</a> and symbols in Unicode</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Script_(Unicode)#Common_and_inherited_scripts" title="Script (Unicode)">Common and <br />inherited scripts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Combining_character" title="Combining character">Combining marks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diacritic" title="Diacritic">Diacritics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punctuation#Punctuation_marks_in_Unicode" title="Punctuation">Punctuation marks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_(punctuation)#Spaces_in_Unicode" title="Space (punctuation)">Spaces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numerals_in_Unicode" title="Numerals in Unicode">Numbers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Modern scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adlam_script" title="Adlam script">Adlam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_script" title="Arabic script">Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_alphabet" title="Armenian alphabet">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balinese_script" title="Balinese script">Balinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bamum_script" title="Bamum script">Bamum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batak_script" title="Batak script">Batak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali%E2%80%93Assamese_script" title="Bengali–Assamese script">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo">Bopomofo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braille" title="Braille">Braille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buhid_script" title="Buhid script">Buhid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mon%E2%80%93Burmese_script" title="Mon–Burmese script">Burmese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Aboriginal_syllabics" title="Canadian Aboriginal syllabics">Canadian Aboriginal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chakma_script" title="Chakma script">Chakma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cham_script" title="Cham script">Cham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_syllabary" title="Cherokee syllabary">Cherokee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CJK_Unified_Ideographs" title="CJK Unified Ideographs">CJK Unified Ideographs (Han)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_script_in_Unicode" title="Cyrillic script in Unicode">Cyrillic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deseret_alphabet" title="Deseret alphabet">Deseret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari">Devanagari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garay_alphabet" title="Garay alphabet">Garay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ge%CA%BDez_script" title="Geʽez script">Geʽez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_scripts" title="Georgian scripts">Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_script_in_Unicode" title="Greek script in Unicode">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_script" title="Gujarati script">Gujarati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunjala_Gondi_script" title="Gunjala Gondi script">Gunjala Gondi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurmukhi" title="Gurmukhi">Gurmukhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurung_Khema" class="mw-redirect" title="Gurung Khema">Gurung Khema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hangul" title="Hangul">Hangul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanifi_Rohingya_script" title="Hanifi Rohingya script">Hanifi Rohingya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanja" title="Hanja">Hanja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanunoo_script" title="Hanunoo script">Hanunuoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_alphabet" title="Hebrew alphabet">Hebrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiragana" title="Hiragana">Hiragana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javanese_script" title="Javanese script">Javanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji">Kanji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kannada_script" title="Kannada script">Kannada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katakana" title="Katakana">Katakana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayah_Li_alphabet" title="Kayah Li alphabet">Kayah Li</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmer_script" title="Khmer script">Khmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirat_Rai" title="Kirat Rai">Kirat Rai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_script" title="Lao script">Lao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_script_in_Unicode" title="Latin script in Unicode">Latin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lepcha_script" title="Lepcha script">Lepcha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limbu_script" title="Limbu script">Limbu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fraser_script" title="Fraser script">Lisu (Fraser)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lontara_script" title="Lontara script">Lontara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayalam_script" title="Malayalam script">Malayalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gondi_writing#Munshi_Mangal_Singh_Masaram_Script" title="Gondi writing">Masaram Gondi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mende_Kikakui_script" title="Mende Kikakui script">Mende Kikakui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medefaidrin" title="Medefaidrin">Medefaidrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pollard_script" title="Pollard script">Miao (Pollard)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_script" title="Mongolian script">Mongolian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mru_language#Alphabet" title="Mru language">Mru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%27Ko_script" title="N'Ko script">N'Ko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nag_Mundari" class="mw-redirect" title="Nag Mundari">Nag Mundari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Tai_Lue_alphabet" title="New Tai Lue alphabet">New Tai Lue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%BCshu" title="Nüshu">Nüshu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyiakeng_Puachue_Hmong" title="Nyiakeng Puachue Hmong">Nyiakeng Puachue Hmong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odia_script" title="Odia script">Odia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ol_Chiki_script" title="Ol Chiki script">Ol Chiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ol_Onal" title="Ol Onal">Ol Onal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osage_script" title="Osage script">Osage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osmanya_alphabet" title="Osmanya alphabet">Osmanya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahawh_Hmong" title="Pahawh Hmong">Pahawh Hmong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pau_Cin_Hau_script" title="Pau Cin Hau script">Pau Cin Hau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pracalit_script" title="Pracalit script">Pracalit (Newa)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranjana_script" title="Ranjana script">Ranjana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rejang_alphabet" title="Rejang alphabet">Rejang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaritan_script" title="Samaritan script">Samaritan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saurashtra_script" title="Saurashtra script">Saurashtra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shavian_alphabet" title="Shavian alphabet">Shavian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinhala_script" title="Sinhala script">Sinhala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorang_Sompeng_script" title="Sorang Sompeng script">Sorang Sompeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundanese_script" title="Sundanese script">Sundanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunwar_language" title="Sunwar language">Sunuwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_alphabet" title="Syriac alphabet">Syriac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tagbanwa_script" title="Tagbanwa script">Tagbanwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Le_script" title="Tai Le script">Tai Le</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Tham_script" title="Tai Tham script">Tai Tham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Dam_language#Writing_system" title="Tai Dam language">Tai Viet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_script" title="Tamil script">Tamil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangsa_language" title="Tangsa language">Tangsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telugu_script" title="Telugu script">Telugu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thaana" title="Thaana">Thaana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_script" title="Thai script">Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_script" title="Tibetan script">Tibetan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tifinagh" title="Tifinagh">Tifinagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirhuta_script" title="Tirhuta script">Tirhuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toto_language#Writing_system" title="Toto language">Toto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vai_syllabary" title="Vai syllabary">Vai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wancho_script" title="Wancho script">Wancho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warang_Citi" title="Warang Citi">Warang Citi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yi_script" title="Yi script">Yi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ancient and<br />historic scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahom_script" title="Ahom script">Ahom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatolian_hieroglyphs" title="Anatolian hieroglyphs">Anatolian hieroglyphs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_North_Arabian" title="Ancient North Arabian">Ancient North Arabian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avestan_alphabet" title="Avestan alphabet">Avestan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bassa_Vah_alphabet" title="Bassa Vah alphabet">Bassa Vah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhaiksuki_script" title="Bhaiksuki script">Bhaiksuki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahmi_script" title="Brahmi script">Brāhmī</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carian_alphabets" title="Carian alphabets">Carian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caucasian_Albanian_script" title="Caucasian Albanian script">Caucasian Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_script" title="Coptic script">Coptic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuneiform" title="Cuneiform">Cuneiform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_syllabary" title="Cypriot syllabary">Cypriot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypro-Minoan_syllabary" title="Cypro-Minoan syllabary">Cypro-Minoan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhives_Akuru" title="Dhives Akuru">Dives Akuru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogri_script" title="Dogri script">Dogra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_hieroglyphs" title="Egyptian hieroglyphs">Egyptian hieroglyphs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elbasan" title="Elbasan">Elbasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elymaic" title="Elymaic">Elymaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glagolitic_script" title="Glagolitic script">Glagolitic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_alphabet" title="Gothic alphabet">Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grantha_script" title="Grantha script">Grantha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatran_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Hatran alphabet">Hatran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aramaic_alphabet" title="Aramaic alphabet">Imperial Aramaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahlavi_scripts#Inscriptional_Pahlavi" title="Pahlavi scripts">Inscriptional Pahlavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parthian_language#Written_Parthian" title="Parthian language">Inscriptional Parthian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaithi" title="Kaithi">Kaithi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawi_script" title="Kawi script">Kawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharosthi" title="Kharosthi">Kharosthi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khitan_small_script" title="Khitan small script">Khitan small script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khojki_script" title="Khojki script">Khojki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khudabadi_script" title="Khudabadi script">Khudawadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khwarezmian_language" title="Khwarezmian language">Khwarezmian</a> (Chorasmian)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_A" title="Linear A">Linear A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_B" title="Linear B">Linear B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lycian_alphabet" title="Lycian alphabet">Lycian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lydian_alphabet" title="Lydian alphabet">Lydian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahajani" title="Mahajani">Mahajani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makassarese_language#Writing_systems" title="Makassarese language">Makasar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandaic_alphabet" title="Mandaic alphabet">Mandaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manichaean_script" title="Manichaean script">Manichaean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marchen_script" title="Marchen script">Marchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meitei_script" title="Meitei script">Meetei Mayek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meroitic_script" title="Meroitic script">Meroitic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modi_script" title="Modi script">Modi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multani_script" title="Multani script">Multani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabataean_script" title="Nabataean script">Nabataean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nandinagari" title="Nandinagari">Nandinagari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogham" title="Ogham">Ogham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Hungarian_script" title="Old Hungarian script">Old Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Italic_scripts" title="Old Italic scripts">Old Italic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Permic_script" title="Old Permic script">Old Permic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Persian_cuneiform" title="Old Persian cuneiform">Old Persian cuneiform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sogdian_alphabet" title="Sogdian alphabet">Old Sogdian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Turkic_script" title="Old Turkic script">Old Turkic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Uyghur" title="Old Uyghur">Old Uyghur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyrene_alphabet" title="Palmyrene alphabet">Palmyrene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CA%BCPhags-pa_script" title="ʼPhags-pa script">ʼPhags-pa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenician_alphabet" title="Phoenician alphabet">Phoenician</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahlavi_scripts#Psalter_Pahlavi" title="Pahlavi scripts">Psalter Pahlavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rune" title="Rune">Runic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharada_script" title="Sharada script">Sharada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siddha%E1%B9%83_script" title="Siddhaṃ script">Siddham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sogdian_alphabet" title="Sogdian alphabet">Sogdian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_South_Arabian_script" title="Ancient South Arabian script">South Arabian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyombo_script" title="Soyombo script">Soyombo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylheti_Nagri" title="Sylheti Nagri">Sylheti Nagri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baybayin" title="Baybayin">Tagalog (Baybayin)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takri_script" title="Takri script">Takri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangut_script" title="Tangut script">Tangut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Todhri_alphabet" title="Todhri alphabet">Todhri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tigalari_script" title="Tigalari script">Tulu Tigalari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugaritic_alphabet" title="Ugaritic alphabet">Ugaritic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vithkuqi_alphabet" title="Vithkuqi alphabet">Vithkuqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yezidi_(script)" class="mw-redirect" title="Yezidi (script)">Yezidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zanabazar_square_script" title="Zanabazar square script">Zanabazar Square</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notational scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duployan_shorthand" title="Duployan shorthand">Duployan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SignWriting" title="SignWriting">SignWriting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Symbols, emojis</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religious_and_political_symbols_in_Unicode" title="Religious and political symbols in Unicode">Cultural, political, and religious symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Currency_symbol" title="Currency symbol">Currency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Control_Pictures" title="Control Pictures">Control Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathematical_operators_and_symbols_in_Unicode" title="Mathematical operators and symbols in Unicode">Mathematical operators and symbols</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_mathematical_symbols" title="Glossary of mathematical symbols">Glossary</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phonetic_symbols_in_Unicode" title="Phonetic symbols in Unicode">Phonetic symbols (including IPA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emoji" title="Emoji">Emoji</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Unicode" title="Category:Unicode">Category: Unicode</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Unicode_blocks" title="Category:Unicode blocks">Category: Unicode blocks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" 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