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id="toc-Membership-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Financing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Financing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Financing </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Financing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_standards_and_other_publications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_standards_and_other_publications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 International standards and other publications </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-International_standards_and_other_publications-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle International standards and other publications subsection </button> <ul id="toc-International_standards_and_other_publications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Document_copyright" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Document_copyright"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Document copyright </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Document_copyright-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Standardization_process" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Standardization_process"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Standardization process </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Standardization_process-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Standardization process subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Standardization_process-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-International_Workshop_Agreements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_Workshop_Agreements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 International Workshop Agreements </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_Workshop_Agreements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Products_named_after_ISO" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Products_named_after_ISO"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Products named after ISO </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Products_named_after_ISO-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ISO_awards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ISO_awards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 ISO awards </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ISO_awards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 See also </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-See_also-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle See also subsection </button> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-ISO_divisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ISO_divisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 ISO divisions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ISO_divisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">International Organization for Standardization</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 104 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-104" aria-hidden="true" > 104 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO" title="ISO – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="ISO" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B8%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%84%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%8A%D8%B1" title="المنظمة الدولية للمعايير – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="المنظمة الدولية للمعايير" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BE" title="আন্তৰ্জাতিক মান সংস্থা – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="আন্তৰ্জাতিক মান সংস্থা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizaci%C3%B3n_Internacional_de_Normalizaci%C3%B3n" title="Organización Internacional de Normalización – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Organización Internacional de Normalización" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%91embohekopete_Atyguasu_Hetatet%C3%A3gua" title="Ñembohekopete Atyguasu Hetatetãgua – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Ñembohekopete Atyguasu Hetatetãgua" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BA%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%8C%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%8C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B1_%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8A%D1%83%D0%BB_%D0%B3%D3%80%D1%83%D1%86%D3%80%D1%86%D3%80%D0%B8" title="Халкъаздагьоркьосеб роценалъул гӀуцӀцӀи – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Халкъаздагьоркьосеб роценалъул гӀуцӀцӀи" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target">Авар</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beyn%C9%99lxalq_standartla%C5%9Fd%C4%B1rma_t%C9%99%C5%9Fkilat%C4%B1" title="Beynəlxalq standartlaşdırma təşkilatı – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Beynəlxalq standartlaşdırma təşkilatı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BE" title="আন্তর্জাতিক মান সংস্থা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আন্তর্জাতিক মান সংস্থা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO" title="ISO – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="ISO" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%A1-%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%83_%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B" title="Халыҡ-ара стандартлаштырыу ойошмаһы – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Халыҡ-ара стандартлаштырыу ойошмаһы" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO" title="ISO – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="ISO" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%96%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%96" title="Міжнародная арганізацыя стандартызацыі – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Міжнародная арганізацыя стандартызацыі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE" title="अंतर्राष्ट्रीय मानकीकरण संस्था – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="अंतर्राष्ट्रीय मानकीकरण संस्था" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%BE_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Международна организация по стандартизация – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Международна организация по стандартизация" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Me%C4%91unarodna_organizacija_za_standardizaciju" title="Međunarodna organizacija za standardizaciju – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Međunarodna organizacija za standardizaciju" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO" title="ISO – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="ISO" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organitzaci%C3%B3_Internacional_per_a_l%27Estandarditzaci%C3%B3" title="Organització Internacional per a l'Estandardització – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Organització Internacional per a l'Estandardització" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mezin%C3%A1rodn%C3%AD_organizace_pro_normalizaci" title="Mezinárodní organizace pro normalizaci – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Mezinárodní organizace pro normalizaci" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO" title="ISO – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="ISO" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Organization_for_Standardization" title="International Organization for Standardization – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="International Organization for Standardization" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internationale_Organisation_f%C3%BCr_Normung" title="Internationale Organisation für Normung – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Internationale Organisation für Normung" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rahvusvaheline_Standardiorganisatsioon" title="Rahvusvaheline Standardiorganisatsioon – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Rahvusvaheline Standardiorganisatsioon" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CE%B9%CE%B5%CE%B8%CE%BD%CE%AE%CF%82_%CE%9F%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82_%CE%A4%CF%85%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%AF%CE%B7%CF%83%CE%B7%CF%82" title="Διεθνής Οργανισμός Τυποποίησης – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Διεθνής Οργανισμός Τυποποίησης" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizaci%C3%B3n_Internacional_de_Normalizaci%C3%B3n" title="Organización Internacional de Normalización – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Organización Internacional de Normalización" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internacia_Organiza%C4%B5o_por_Normigado" title="Internacia Organizaĵo por Normigado – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Internacia Organizaĵo por Normigado" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estandarizaziorako_Nazioarteko_Erakundea" title="Estandarizaziorako Nazioarteko Erakundea – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Estandarizaziorako Nazioarteko Erakundea" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%84%D9%84%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C" title="سازمان بین‌المللی استانداردسازی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سازمان بین‌المللی استانداردسازی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO" title="ISO – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="ISO" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisation_internationale_de_normalisation" title="Organisation internationale de normalisation – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Organisation internationale de normalisation" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ynternasjonale_Organisaasje_foar_Standerdisaasje" title="Ynternasjonale Organisaasje foar Standerdisaasje – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Ynternasjonale Organisaasje foar Standerdisaasje" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eagra%C3%ADocht_Idirn%C3%A1isi%C3%BAnta_na_gCaighde%C3%A1n" title="Eagraíocht Idirnáisiúnta na gCaighdeán – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Eagraíocht Idirnáisiúnta na gCaighdeán" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO" title="ISO – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="ISO" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizaci%C3%B3n_Internacional_para_a_Estandarizaci%C3%B3n" title="Organización Internacional para a Estandarización – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Organización Internacional para a Estandarización" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO" title="ISO – Kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="ISO" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gĩkũyũ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80%ED%99%94_%EA%B8%B0%EA%B5%AC" title="국제 표준화 기구 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="국제 표준화 기구" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%BF%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%BB%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%A3%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%BA%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Ստանդարտացման միջազգային կազմակերպություն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ստանդարտացման միջազգային կազմակերպություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A0%E0%A4%A8" title="अंतरराष्ट्रीय मानकीकरण संगठन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अंतरराष्ट्रीय मानकीकरण संगठन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Me%C4%91unarodna_organizacija_za_standardizaciju" title="Međunarodna organizacija za standardizaciju – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Međunarodna organizacija za standardizaciju" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internaciona_organizuro_por_normizo" title="Internaciona organizuro por normizo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Internaciona organizuro por normizo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunglo_ti_Sangalubongan_para_iti_Panagalagad" title="Gunglo ti Sangalubongan para iti Panagalagad – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Gunglo ti Sangalubongan para iti Panagalagad" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisasi_Standardisasi_Internasional" title="Organisasi Standardisasi Internasional – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Organisasi Standardisasi Internasional" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umbutho_waMazwe_ngaMazwe_woLungiso" title="Umbutho waMazwe ngaMazwe woLungiso – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Umbutho waMazwe ngaMazwe woLungiso" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiXhosa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al%C3%BEj%C3%B3%C3%B0lega_sta%C3%B0lastofnunin" title="Alþjóðlega staðlastofnunin – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Alþjóðlega staðlastofnunin" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizzazione_internazionale_per_la_normazione" title="Organizzazione internazionale per la normazione – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Organizzazione internazionale per la normazione" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%92%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%AA%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%99%D7%9F-%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99" title="ארגון התקינה הבין-לאומי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ארגון התקינה הבין-לאומי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paheman_Pambakon_Nagarantara" title="Paheman Pambakon Nagarantara – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Paheman Pambakon Nagarantara" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%90%E0%B2%8E%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%93" title="ಐಎಸ್ಓ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಐಎಸ್ಓ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%90%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%97%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9D_%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%90%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="სტანდარტიზაციის საერთაშორისო ორგანიზაცია – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სტანდარტიზაციის საერთაშორისო ორგანიზაცია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%83_%D2%B1%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%8B" title="Халықаралық стандарттау ұйымы – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Халықаралық стандарттау ұйымы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shirika_la_Kimataifa_la_Usanifishaji" title="Shirika la Kimataifa la Usanifishaji – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Shirika la Kimataifa la Usanifishaji" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO" title="ISO – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="ISO" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starptautisk%C4%81_standartiz%C4%81cijas_organiz%C4%81cija" title="Starptautiskā standartizācijas organizācija – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Starptautiskā standartizācijas organizācija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarptautin%C4%97_standartizacijos_organizacija" title="Tarptautinė standartizacijos organizacija – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Tarptautinė standartizacijos organizacija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nemzetk%C3%B6zi_Szabv%C3%A1ny%C3%BCgyi_Szervezet" title="Nemzetközi Szabványügyi Szervezet – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Nemzetközi Szabványügyi Szervezet" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%93%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Меѓународна организација за стандардизација – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Меѓународна организација за стандардизација" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%93%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BC_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%87%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%BB" title="ഇന്റർനാഷണൽ ഓർഗനൈസേഷൻ ഫോർ സ്റ്റാൻഡേർഡൈസേഷൻ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഇന്റർനാഷണൽ ഓർഗനൈസേഷൻ ഫോർ സ്റ്റാൻഡേർഡൈസേഷൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%98%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="आंतरराष्ट्रीय मानकीकरण संघटना – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="आंतरराष्ट्रीय मानकीकरण संघटना" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%90%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A8%E1%83%A5%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8%E1%83%94_%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%90%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="სტანდარტიზაციაშ ერეფოშქაშე ორგანიზაცია – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="სტანდარტიზაციაშ ერეფოშქაშე ორგანიზაცია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B8%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%88" title="منظمة ايزو – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="منظمة ايزو" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pertubuhan_Pemiawaian_Antarabangsa" title="Pertubuhan Pemiawaian Antarabangsa – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pertubuhan Pemiawaian Antarabangsa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Олон Улсын Стандартжуулалтын Байгууллага – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Олон Улсын Стандартжуулалтын Байгууллага" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internationale_Organisatie_voor_Standaardisatie" title="Internationale Organisatie voor Standaardisatie – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Internationale Organisatie voor Standaardisatie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A0%E0%A4%A8" title="अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय मानकीकरण सङ्गठन – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय मानकीकरण सङ्गठन" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%9A%9B%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E5%8C%96%E6%A9%9F%E6%A7%8B" title="国際標準化機構 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="国際標準化機構" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internatsionaal_Organisatsion_f%C3%B6r_Standardisiarang" title="Internatsionaal Organisatsion för Standardisiarang – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Internatsionaal Organisatsion för Standardisiarang" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Den_internasjonale_standardiseringsorganisasjonen" title="Den internasjonale standardiseringsorganisasjonen – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Den internasjonale standardiseringsorganisasjonen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO" title="ISO – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="ISO" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizacion_Internacionala_de_Normalizacion" title="Organizacion Internacionala de Normalizacion – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Organizacion Internacionala de Normalizacion" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xalqaro_standartlashtirish_tashkiloti" title="Xalqaro standartlashtirish tashkiloti – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Xalqaro standartlashtirish tashkiloti" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%85%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A3_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%98" title="ਅੰਤਰਾਸ਼ਟਰੀ ਮਿਆਰੀਕਰਣ ਸੰਘ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਅੰਤਰਾਸ਼ਟਰੀ ਮਿਆਰੀਕਰਣ ਸੰਘ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%B8%DB%8C%D9%85_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%92_%D9%85%D8%B9%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="بین الاقوامی تنظیم برائے معیاریت – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="بین الاقوامی تنظیم برائے معیاریت" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%86%DA%93%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%B8%D9%8A%D9%85" title="د معيار نړيوال تنظيم – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د معيار نړيوال تنظيم" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internatschonale_Organisatschoon_f%C3%B6r_Normen" title="Internatschonale Organisatschoon för Normen – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Internatschonale Organisatschoon för Normen" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mi%C4%99dzynarodowa_Organizacja_Normalizacyjna" title="Międzynarodowa Organizacja Normalizacyjna – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Międzynarodowa Organizacja Normalizacyjna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organiza%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Internacional_de_Normaliza%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Organização Internacional de Normalização – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Organização Internacional de Normalização" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organiza%C8%9Bia_Interna%C8%9Bional%C4%83_de_Standardizare" title="Organizația Internațională de Standardizare – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Organizația Internațională de Standardizare" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%BE_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Международная организация по стандартизации – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Международная организация по стандартизации" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizata_Nd%C3%ABrkomb%C3%ABtare_p%C3%ABr_Standardizim" title="Organizata Ndërkombëtare për Standardizim – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Organizata Ndërkombëtare për Standardizim" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO" title="ISO – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="ISO" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B6%BB_%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92_%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%82%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B0%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA" title="ජාත්‍යන්තර ප්‍රමිති සංවිධානය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ජාත්‍යන්තර ප්‍රමිති සංවිධානය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Organization_for_Standardization" title="International Organization for Standardization – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="International Organization for Standardization" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%BD%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B4%D9%86%D9%84_%D8%A2%D8%B1%DA%AF%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%B4%D9%86_%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%BD%D9%8A%D9%86%DA%8A%D8%B1%DA%8A%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%B4%D9%86" title="انٽرنيشنل آرگنائزيشن فار اسٽينڊرڊائيزيشن – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="انٽرنيشنل آرگنائزيشن فار اسٽينڊرڊائيزيشن" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medzin%C3%A1rodn%C3%A1_organiz%C3%A1cia_pre_normaliz%C3%A1ciu" title="Medzinárodná organizácia pre normalizáciu – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Medzinárodná organizácia pre normalizáciu" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mednarodna_organizacija_za_standardizacijo" title="Mednarodna organizacija za standardizacijo – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Mednarodna organizacija za standardizacijo" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%95%DB%8E%DA%A9%D8%AE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%95%DB%8C_%D9%86%DB%8E%D9%88%D9%86%DB%95%D8%AA%DB%95%D9%88%DB%95%DB%8C%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C" title="ڕێکخراوەی نێونەتەوەییی ستانداردسازی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڕێکخراوەی نێونەتەوەییی ستانداردسازی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%92%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%83" title="Међународна организација за стандардизацију – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Међународна организација за стандардизацију" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Me%C4%91unarodna_organizacija_za_standardizaciju" title="Međunarodna organizacija za standardizaciju – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Međunarodna organizacija za standardizaciju" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO" title="ISO – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="ISO" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internationella_standardiseringsorganisationen" title="Internationella standardiseringsorganisationen – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Internationella standardiseringsorganisationen" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisasyong_Pandaigdig_para_sa_Pagsasapamantayan" title="Organisasyong Pandaigdig para sa Pagsasapamantayan – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Organisasyong Pandaigdig para sa Pagsasapamantayan" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9_%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%95_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="சீர்தரத்துக்கான அனைத்துலக நிறுவனம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சீர்தரத்துக்கான அனைத்துலக நிறுவனம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizzazione_%27Ndernazionale_pe_le_Standardizzaziune" title="Organizzazione 'Ndernazionale pe le Standardizzaziune – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Organizzazione 'Ndernazionale pe le Standardizzaziune" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tarandíne</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xal%C4%B1qara_Standartlaw_Oy%C4%B1%C5%9Fmas%C4%B1" title="Xalıqara Standartlaw Oyışması – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Xalıqara Standartlaw Oyışması" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99" title="องค์การระหว่างประเทศว่าด้วยการมาตรฐาน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">International standards development organization</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"ISO" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/ISO_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="ISO (disambiguation)">ISO (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">International Organization for Standardization</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="nickname" lang="fr">Organisation internationale de normalisation</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><a href="/wiki/File:ISO_Logo_(Red_square).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/ISO_Logo_%28Red_square%29.svg/220px-ISO_Logo_%28Red_square%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/ISO_Logo_%28Red_square%29.svg/330px-ISO_Logo_%28Red_square%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/ISO_Logo_%28Red_square%29.svg/440px-ISO_Logo_%28Red_square%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1476" data-file-height="1359" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Abbreviation</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">ISO</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data">International Federation of the National Standardizing Associations (ISA)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Formation</th><td class="infobox-data note">23 February 1947; 77 years ago (1947-02-23)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Non-governmental_organization" title="Non-governmental organization">Non-governmental organization</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Purpose</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/International_standard" title="International standard">International standards</a> development</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Geneva,_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Geneva, Switzerland">Geneva, Switzerland</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Membership </div></th><td class="infobox-data">170 members (39 correspondents and 4 subscribers)<a href="#cite_note-ISO_members-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Official languages </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li>English</li><li>French</li><li>Russian<a href="#cite_note-languages-2">[2]</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">President</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Sung Hwan Cho</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iso.org/">www.iso.org</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15028#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></td></tr></tbody></table> <table cellpadding="1" class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width: 220px; float: right; clear: right; border: 1px solid #8888aa; background: #f7f8ff; padding: 5px; margin: 0 0 15px 15px; text-align: left;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="background: #ccf; text-align: center;">Internet history timeline </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #fff;"> Early research and development: <ul><li>1960–4 (1960–4): <a href="/wiki/RAND" class="mw-redirect" title="RAND">RAND</a> networking concepts developed</li> <li>1962–4 (1962–4): <a href="/wiki/DARPA" title="DARPA">ARPA</a> networking ideas</li> <li>1965 (1965): <a href="/wiki/NPL_network" title="NPL network">NPL network</a> concepts conceived</li> <li>1966 (1966): <a href="/wiki/Merit_Network" title="Merit Network">Merit Network</a> founded</li> <li>1967 (1967): <a href="/wiki/ARPANET" title="ARPANET">ARPANET</a> planning begins</li> <li>1967 (1967): <a href="/wiki/Symposium_on_Operating_Systems_Principles" title="Symposium on Operating Systems Principles">Symposium on Operating Systems Principles</a></li> <li>1969 (1969): NPL followed by the ARPANET carry their first packets</li> <li>1970 (1970): <a href="/wiki/InterNIC#History" title="InterNIC">Network Information Center</a> (NIC)</li> <li>1971 (1971): <a href="/wiki/Tymnet" title="Tymnet">Tymnet</a> switched-circuit network</li> <li>1972 (1972): Merit Network's packet-switched network operational</li> <li>1972 (1972): <a href="/wiki/Internet_Assigned_Numbers_Authority" title="Internet Assigned Numbers Authority">Internet Assigned Numbers Authority</a> (IANA) established</li> <li>1973 (1973): <a href="/wiki/CYCLADES" title="CYCLADES">CYCLADES</a> network demonstrated</li> <li>1973 (1973): <a href="/wiki/PARC_Universal_Packet" title="PARC Universal Packet">PARC Universal Packet</a> development begins</li> <li>1974 (1974): <a href="/wiki/Transmission_Control_Program" class="mw-redirect" title="Transmission Control Program">Transmission Control Program</a> specification published</li> <li>1975 (1975): <a href="/wiki/Telenet" title="Telenet">Telenet</a> commercial packet-switched network</li> <li>1976 (1976): <a href="/wiki/X.25" title="X.25">X.25</a> protocol approved and deployed on <a href="/wiki/Public_data_network" title="Public data network">public data networks</a></li> <li>1978 (1978): <a href="/wiki/Minitel" title="Minitel">Minitel</a> introduced</li> <li>1979 (1979): <a href="/wiki/Internet_Architecture_Board" title="Internet Architecture Board">Internet Activities Board</a> (IAB)</li> <li>1980 (1980): <a href="/wiki/Usenet" title="Usenet">USENET</a> news using <a href="/wiki/UUCP" title="UUCP">UUCP</a></li> <li>1980 (1980): <a href="/wiki/Ethernet" title="Ethernet">Ethernet</a> standard introduced</li> <li>1981 (1981): <a href="/wiki/BITNET" title="BITNET">BITNET</a> established</li></ul> Merging the networks and creating the Internet: <ul><li>1981 (1981): <a href="/wiki/CSNET" title="CSNET">Computer Science Network</a> (CSNET)</li> <li>1982 (1982): <a href="/wiki/Internet_protocol_suite" title="Internet protocol suite">TCP/IP</a> protocol suite formalized</li> <li>1982 (1982): <a href="/wiki/Simple_Mail_Transfer_Protocol" title="Simple Mail Transfer Protocol">Simple Mail Transfer Protocol</a> (SMTP)</li> <li>1983 (1983): <a href="/wiki/Domain_Name_System" title="Domain Name System">Domain Name System</a> (DNS)</li> <li>1983 (1983): <a href="/wiki/MILNET" title="MILNET">MILNET</a> split off from ARPANET</li> <li>1984 (1984): <a href="/wiki/OSI_model" title="OSI model">OSI Reference Model</a> released</li> <li>1985 (1985): <a href="/wiki/Domain_names#Domain_name_registration" class="mw-redirect" title="Domain names">First .COM domain name registered</a></li> <li>1986 (1986): <a href="/wiki/National_Science_Foundation_Network" title="National Science Foundation Network">NSFNET</a> with 56 kbit/s links</li> <li>1986 (1986): <a href="/wiki/Internet_Engineering_Task_Force" title="Internet Engineering Task Force">Internet Engineering Task Force</a> (IETF)</li> <li>1987 (1987): <a href="/wiki/UUNET" title="UUNET">UUNET</a> founded</li> <li>1988 (1988): <a href="/wiki/National_Science_Foundation_Network" title="National Science Foundation Network">NSFNET</a> upgraded to 1.5 Mbit/s (T1)</li> <li>1988 (1988): <a href="/wiki/Morris_worm" title="Morris worm">Morris worm</a></li> <li>1988 (1988): Complete <a href="/wiki/Internet_protocol_suite" title="Internet protocol suite">Internet protocol suite</a></li> <li>1989 (1989): <a href="/wiki/Border_Gateway_Protocol" title="Border Gateway Protocol">Border Gateway Protocol</a> (BGP)</li> <li>1989 (1989): <a href="/wiki/PSINet" title="PSINet">PSINet</a> founded, allows commercial traffic</li> <li>1989 (1989): <a href="/wiki/Federal_Internet_Exchange" title="Federal Internet Exchange">Federal Internet Exchanges (FIX East|FIXes)</a></li> <li>1990 (1990): <a href="/wiki/Government_Open_Systems_Interconnection_Profile" title="Government Open Systems Interconnection Profile">GOSIP</a> (without <a href="/wiki/Internet_protocol_suite" title="Internet protocol suite">TCP/IP</a>)</li> <li>1990 (1990): ARPANET decommissioned</li> <li>1990 (1990): <a href="/wiki/Advanced_Network_and_Services" title="Advanced Network and Services">Advanced Network and Services</a> (ANS)</li> <li>1990 (1990): <a href="/wiki/UUNET#Early_existence" title="UUNET">UUNET/Alternet</a> allows commercial traffic</li> <li>1990 (1990): <a href="/wiki/Archie_(search_engine)" title="Archie (search engine)">Archie search engine</a></li> <li>1991 (1991): <a href="/wiki/Wide_area_information_server" title="Wide area information server">Wide area information server</a> (WAIS)</li> <li>1991 (1991): <a href="/wiki/Gopher_(protocol)" title="Gopher (protocol)">Gopher</a></li> <li>1991 (1991): <a href="/wiki/Commercial_Internet_eXchange" title="Commercial Internet eXchange">Commercial Internet eXchange</a> (CIX)</li> <li>1991 (1991): <a href="/wiki/Advanced_Network_and_Services" title="Advanced Network and Services">ANS CO+RE</a> allows commercial traffic</li> <li>1991 (1991): <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web" title="World Wide Web">World Wide Web</a> (WWW)</li> <li>1992 (1992): <a href="/wiki/National_Science_Foundation_Network" title="National Science Foundation Network">NSFNET</a> upgraded to 45 Mbit/s (T3)</li> <li>1992 (1992): <a href="/wiki/Internet_Society" title="Internet Society">Internet Society</a> (ISOC) established</li> <li>1993 (1993): <a href="/wiki/Classless_Inter-Domain_Routing" title="Classless Inter-Domain Routing">Classless Inter-Domain Routing</a> (CIDR)</li> <li>1993 (1993): <a href="/wiki/InterNIC" title="InterNIC">InterNIC</a> established</li> <li>1993 (1993): <a href="/wiki/AOL" title="AOL">AOL</a> added <a href="/wiki/Usenet" title="Usenet">USENET</a> access</li> <li>1993 (1993): <a href="/wiki/NCSA_Mosaic" title="NCSA Mosaic">Mosaic web browser</a> released</li> <li>1994 (1994): <a href="/wiki/Search_engine" title="Search engine">Full text web search engines</a></li> <li>1994 (1994): <a href="/wiki/North_American_Network_Operators%27_Group" title="North American Network Operators' Group">North American Network Operators' Group</a> (NANOG) established</li></ul> Commercialization, privatization, broader access leads to the modern Internet: <ul><li>1995 (1995): New Internet architecture with commercial <a href="/wiki/Internet_service_provider" title="Internet service provider">ISPs</a> connected at <a href="/wiki/Network_Access_Point" class="mw-redirect" title="Network Access Point">NAPs</a></li> <li>1995 (1995): <a href="/wiki/National_Science_Foundation_Network" title="National Science Foundation Network">NSFNET</a> decommissioned</li> <li>1995 (1995): <a href="/wiki/GOSIP" class="mw-redirect" title="GOSIP">GOSIP</a> updated to allow <a href="/wiki/Internet_protocol_suite" title="Internet protocol suite">TCP/IP</a></li> <li>1995 (1995): <a href="/wiki/Very_high-speed_Backbone_Network_Service" title="Very high-speed Backbone Network Service">very high-speed Backbone Network Service (vBNS)</a></li> <li>1995 (1995): <a href="/wiki/IPv6" title="IPv6">IPv6</a> proposed</li> <li>1996 (1996): <a href="/wiki/AOL" title="AOL">AOL</a> changes pricing model from hourly to monthly</li> <li>1998 (1998): <a href="/wiki/ICANN" title="ICANN">Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN)</a></li> <li>1999 (1999): <a href="/wiki/IEEE_802.11" title="IEEE 802.11">IEEE 802.11b</a> wireless networking</li> <li>1999 (1999): <a href="/wiki/Internet2" title="Internet2">Internet2</a>/<a href="/wiki/Abilene_Network" title="Abilene Network">Abilene Network</a></li> <li>1999 (1999): <a href="/wiki/VBNS" class="mw-redirect" title="VBNS">vBNS+</a> allows broader access</li> <li>2000 (2000): <a href="/wiki/Dot-com_bubble" title="Dot-com bubble">Dot-com bubble</a> bursts</li> <li>2001 (2001): <a href="/wiki/Top-level_domain#Proposed_domains" title="Top-level domain">New top-level domain names activated</a></li> <li>2001 (2001): <a href="/wiki/Code_Red_(computer_worm)" title="Code Red (computer worm)">Code Red I</a>, <a href="/wiki/Code_Red_II" title="Code Red II">Code Red II</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nimda" title="Nimda">Nimda</a> worms</li> <li>2003 (2003): <a href="/wiki/World_Summit_on_the_Information_Society" title="World Summit on the Information Society">UN World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS) phase I</a></li></ul> <ul><li>2003 (2003): <a href="/wiki/National_LambdaRail" title="National LambdaRail">National LambdaRail</a> founded</li> <li>2004 (2004): <a href="/wiki/Working_Group_on_Internet_Governance" title="Working Group on Internet Governance">UN Working Group on Internet Governance (WGIG)</a></li> <li>2005 (2005): <a href="/wiki/World_Summit_on_the_Information_Society" title="World Summit on the Information Society">UN WSIS phase II</a></li> <li>2006 (2006): <a href="/wiki/Internet_Governance_Forum" title="Internet Governance Forum">First meeting of the Internet Governance Forum</a></li> <li>2010 (2010): <a href="/wiki/Top-level_domain#Internationalized_country_code_TLDs" title="Top-level domain">First internationalized country code top-level domains</a> registered</li> <li>2012 (2012): <a href="/wiki/Generic_top-level_domain#New_top-level_domains" title="Generic top-level domain">ICANN begins accepting applications for new generic top-level domain names</a></li> <li>2013 (2013): <a href="/wiki/Montevideo_Statement_on_the_Future_of_Internet_Cooperation" title="Montevideo Statement on the Future of Internet Cooperation">Montevideo Statement on the Future of Internet Cooperation</a></li> <li>2014 (2014): <a href="/wiki/NetMundial_Initiative" title="NetMundial Initiative">NetMundial international Internet governance proposal</a></li> <li>2016 (2016): <a href="/wiki/ICANN" title="ICANN">ICANN</a> contract with U.S. Dept. of Commerce ends, <a href="/wiki/Internet_Assigned_Numbers_Authority" title="Internet Assigned Numbers Authority">IANA</a> oversight passes to the global Internet community on October 1st</li></ul> Examples of Internet services: <ul><li>1989 (1989): <a href="/wiki/AOL" title="AOL">AOL</a> dial-up service provider, email, instant messaging, and web browser</li> <li>1990 (1990): <a href="/wiki/IMDb" title="IMDb">IMDb</a> Internet movie database</li> <li>1994 (1994): <a href="/wiki/Yahoo" title="Yahoo">Yahoo!</a> web directory</li> <li>1995 (1995): <a href="/wiki/Amazon_(company)" title="Amazon (company)">Amazon</a> online retailer</li> <li>1995 (1995): <a href="/wiki/EBay" title="EBay">eBay</a> online auction and shopping</li> <li>1995 (1995): <a href="/wiki/Craigslist" title="Craigslist">Craigslist</a> classified advertisements</li> <li>1995 (1995): <a href="/wiki/AltaVista" title="AltaVista">AltaVista</a> search engine</li> <li>1996 (1996): <a href="/wiki/Outlook.com" title="Outlook.com">Outlook (formerly Hotmail)</a> free web-based e-mail</li> <li>1996 (1996): <a href="/wiki/Baidu" title="Baidu">RankDex</a> search engine</li> <li>1997 (1997): <a href="/wiki/Google_Search" title="Google Search">Google Search</a></li> <li>1997 (1997): <a href="/wiki/Babel_Fish_(website)" title="Babel Fish (website)">Babel Fish</a> automatic translation</li> <li>1998 (1998): <a href="/wiki/Yahoo_Groups" title="Yahoo Groups">Yahoo Groups (formerly Yahoo! Clubs)</a></li> <li>1998 (1998): <a href="/wiki/PayPal" title="PayPal">PayPal</a> Internet payment system</li> <li>1998 (1998): <a href="/wiki/Rotten_Tomatoes" title="Rotten Tomatoes">Rotten Tomatoes</a> review aggregator</li> <li>1999 (1999): <a href="/wiki/2channel" title="2channel">2ch</a> Anonymous textboard</li> <li>1999 (1999): <a href="/wiki/I-mode" title="I-mode">i-mode</a> mobile internet service</li> <li>1999 (1999): <a href="/wiki/Napster" title="Napster">Napster</a> peer-to-peer file sharing</li> <li>2000 (2000): <a href="/wiki/Baidu" title="Baidu">Baidu</a> search engine</li> <li>2001 (2001): <a href="/wiki/Futaba_Channel" title="Futaba Channel">2chan</a> Anonymous imageboard</li> <li>2001 (2001): <a href="/wiki/BitTorrent_(software)" title="BitTorrent (software)">BitTorrent</a> peer-to-peer file sharing</li> <li>2001 (2001): <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a>, the free encyclopedia</li> <li>2003 (2003): <a href="/wiki/LinkedIn" title="LinkedIn">LinkedIn</a> business networking</li> <li>2003 (2003): <a href="/wiki/Myspace" title="Myspace">Myspace</a> social networking site</li> <li>2003 (2003): <a href="/wiki/Skype" title="Skype">Skype</a> Internet voice calls</li> <li>2003 (2003): <a href="/wiki/ITunes_Store" title="ITunes Store">iTunes Store</a></li> <li>2003 (2003): <a href="/wiki/4chan" title="4chan">4chan</a> Anonymous imageboard</li> <li>2003 (2003): <a href="/wiki/The_Pirate_Bay" title="The Pirate Bay">The Pirate Bay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Torrent_file" title="Torrent file">torrent file</a> host</li> <li>2004 (2004): <a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a> social networking site</li> <li>2004 (2004): <a href="/wiki/Podcast" title="Podcast">Podcast</a> media file series</li> <li>2004 (2004): <a href="/wiki/Flickr" title="Flickr">Flickr</a> image hosting</li> <li>2005 (2005): <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a> video sharing</li> <li>2005 (2005): <a href="/wiki/Reddit" title="Reddit">Reddit</a> link voting</li> <li>2005 (2005): <a href="/wiki/Google_Earth" title="Google Earth">Google Earth</a> virtual globe</li> <li>2006 (2006): <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a> microblogging</li> <li>2007 (2007): <a href="/wiki/WikiLeaks" title="WikiLeaks">WikiLeaks</a> anonymous news and information leaks</li> <li>2007 (2007): <a href="/wiki/Google_Street_View" title="Google Street View">Google Street View</a></li> <li>2007 (2007): <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Kindle" title="Amazon Kindle">Kindle</a>, <a href="/wiki/E-reader" title="E-reader">e-reader</a> and virtual bookshop</li> <li>2008 (2008): <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Elastic_Compute_Cloud" title="Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud">Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud</a> (EC2)</li> <li>2008 (2008): <a href="/wiki/Dropbox" title="Dropbox">Dropbox</a> cloud-based file hosting</li> <li>2008 (2008): <a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">Encyclopedia of Life</a>, a collaborative encyclopedia intended to document all living species</li> <li>2008 (2008): <a href="/wiki/Spotify" title="Spotify">Spotify</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Digital_rights_management" title="Digital rights management">DRM-based</a> music streaming service</li> <li>2009 (2009): <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Bing" title="Microsoft Bing">Bing</a> search engine</li> <li>2009 (2009): <a href="/wiki/Google_Docs" title="Google Docs">Google Docs</a>, Web-based word processor, spreadsheet, presentation, form, and data storage service</li> <li>2009 (2009): <a href="/wiki/Kickstarter" title="Kickstarter">Kickstarter</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Threshold_pledge_system" title="Threshold pledge system">threshold pledge system</a></li> <li>2009 (2009): <a href="/wiki/Bitcoin" title="Bitcoin">Bitcoin</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Digital_currency" title="Digital currency">digital currency</a></li> <li>2010 (2010): <a href="/wiki/Instagram" title="Instagram">Instagram</a>, <a href="/wiki/Photo_sharing" class="mw-redirect" title="Photo sharing">photo sharing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Social_networking" class="mw-redirect" title="Social networking">social networking</a></li> <li>2011 (2011): <a href="/wiki/Google%2B" title="Google+">Google+</a>, <a href="/wiki/Social_networking" class="mw-redirect" title="Social networking">social networking</a></li> <li>2011 (2011): <a href="/wiki/Snapchat" title="Snapchat">Snapchat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Photo_sharing" class="mw-redirect" title="Photo sharing">photo sharing</a></li> <li>2012 (2012): <a href="/wiki/Coursera" title="Coursera">Coursera</a>, massive open online courses</li> <li>2016 (2016): <a href="/wiki/TikTok" title="TikTok">TikTok</a>, <a href="/wiki/Video_sharing" class="mw-redirect" title="Video sharing">video sharing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Social_networking" class="mw-redirect" title="Social networking">social networking</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> The International Organization for Standardization (ISO <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈaɪsoʊ/</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a>) is an independent, <a href="/wiki/Non-governmental_organization" title="Non-governmental organization">non-governmental</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_standard" title="International standard">international standard</a> development organization composed of representatives from the national <a href="/wiki/Standards_organization" title="Standards organization">standards organizations</a> of member countries.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> Membership requirements are given in Article 3 of the ISO Statutes.<a href="#cite_note-statutes-5">[5]</a> ISO was founded on 23 February 1947, and (as of July 2024<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=International_Organization_for_Standardization&action=edit">[update]</a>) it has published over 25,000 international standards covering almost all aspects of technology and manufacturing. It has over 800 technical committees (TCs) and subcommittees (SCs) to take care of standards development.<a href="#cite_note-About_ISO-6">[6]</a> The organization develops and publishes <a href="/wiki/International_standard" title="International standard">international standards</a> in technical and nontechnical fields, including everything from manufactured products and technology to food safety, transport, IT, agriculture, and healthcare.<a href="#cite_note-About_ISO-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> More specialized topics like <a href="/wiki/Electrical_engineering" title="Electrical engineering">electrical</a> and <a href="/wiki/Electronic_engineering" title="Electronic engineering">electronic engineering</a> are instead handled by the <a href="/wiki/International_Electrotechnical_Commission" title="International Electrotechnical Commission">International Electrotechnical Commission</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:1-10">[10]</a> It is headquartered in <a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a>, Switzerland.<a href="#cite_note-About_ISO-6">[6]</a> The three <a href="/wiki/Official_language" title="Official language">official languages</a> of ISO are <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>.<a href="#cite_note-languages-2">[2]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name_and_abbreviations">Name and abbreviations</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Organization_for_Standardization&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Name and abbreviations">edit</a>]</div> The International Organization for Standardization in French is Organisation internationale de normalisation and in Russian, Международная организация по стандартизации (Mezhdunarodnaya organizatsiya po standartizatsii). Although one might think ISO is an abbreviation for "International Standardization Organization" or a similar title in another language, the letters do not officially represent an <a href="/wiki/Acronym" title="Acronym">acronym</a> or <a href="/wiki/Initialism" class="mw-redirect" title="Initialism">initialism</a>. The organization provides this explanation of the name:<blockquote>Because 'International Organization for Standardization' would have different acronyms in different languages (IOS in English, OIN in French), our founders decided to give it the short form ISO. ISO is derived from the Greek word isos (ίσος, meaning "equal"). Whatever the country, whatever the language, the short form of our name is always ISO.<a href="#cite_note-About_ISO-6">[6]</a></blockquote>During the founding meetings of the new organization, however, the Greek word explanation was not invoked, so this meaning may be a <a href="/wiki/False_etymology" title="False etymology">false etymology</a>.<a href="#cite_note-iso_name-11">[11]</a> Both the name ISO and the ISO logo are registered trademarks and their use is restricted.<a href="#cite_note-iso_logo-12">[12]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Organization_for_Standardization&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Memory_plaque_of_founding_ISA_in_Prague_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Memory_plaque_of_founding_ISA_in_Prague_cropped.jpg/260px-Memory_plaque_of_founding_ISA_in_Prague_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Memory_plaque_of_founding_ISA_in_Prague_cropped.jpg/390px-Memory_plaque_of_founding_ISA_in_Prague_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Memory_plaque_of_founding_ISA_in_Prague_cropped.jpg/520px-Memory_plaque_of_founding_ISA_in_Prague_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3200" data-file-height="1240" /></a><figcaption>Plaque marking the building in <a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a> where the ISO predecessor, the ISA, was founded</figcaption></figure>The organization that is known today as ISO began in 1926 as the International Federation of the National Standardizing Associations (ISA), which primarily focused on <a href="/wiki/Mechanical_engineering" title="Mechanical engineering">mechanical engineering</a>. The ISA was suspended in 1942 during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> but, after the war, the ISA was approached by the recently-formed <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> Standards Coordinating Committee (UNSCC) with a proposal to form a new <a href="/wiki/International_standard" title="International standard">global standards</a> body.<a href="#cite_note-Brief_history-13">[13]</a> In October 1946, ISA and UNSCC delegates from 25 countries met in London and agreed to join forces to create the International Organization for Standardization. The organization officially began operations on 23 February 1947.<a href="#cite_note-50_years-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> ISO Standards were originally known as ISO Recommendations (ISO/R), e.g., "<a href="/wiki/ISO_1" title="ISO 1">ISO 1</a>" was issued in 1951 as "ISO/R 1".<a href="#cite_note-Tranchard_2017_q168-16">[16]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure_and_organization">Structure and organization</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Organization_for_Standardization&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Structure and organization">edit</a>]</div> ISO is a voluntary organization whose members are recognized authorities on standards, each one representing one country. Members meet annually at a General Assembly to discuss the strategic objectives of ISO. The organization is coordinated by a central secretariat based in <a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ISOStructureAndGovernance-17">[17]</a> A council with a rotating membership of 20 member bodies provides guidance and governance, including setting the annual budget of the central secretariat.<a href="#cite_note-ISOStructureAndGovernance-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-tech_ctte_list-18">[18]</a> The technical management board is responsible for more than 250 <a href="/wiki/List_of_International_Organization_for_Standardization_technical_committees" class="mw-redirect" title="List of International Organization for Standardization technical committees">technical committees</a>, who develop the ISO standards.<a href="#cite_note-ISOStructureAndGovernance-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-iso_technical_ctte-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-develops-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-governance-21">[21]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Joint_technical_committee_with_IEC">Joint technical committee with IEC</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Organization_for_Standardization&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Joint technical committee with IEC">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_JTC_1" title="ISO/IEC JTC 1">ISO/IEC JTC 1</a></div> ISO has a joint technical committee (JTC) with the <a href="/wiki/International_Electrotechnical_Commission" title="International Electrotechnical Commission">International Electrotechnical Commission</a> (IEC) to develop standards relating to <a href="/wiki/Information_technology" title="Information technology">information technology</a> (IT). Known as <a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_JTC_1" title="ISO/IEC JTC 1">JTC 1</a> and entitled "Information technology", it was created in 1987 and its mission is "to develop worldwide <a href="/wiki/Information_and_communications_technology" title="Information and communications technology">Information and Communication Technology</a> (ICT) standards for business and consumer applications."<a href="#cite_note-jtc1_home-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> There was previously also a JTC 2 that was created in 2009 for a joint project to establish common terminology for "standardization in the field of energy efficiency and renewable energy sources".<a href="#cite_note-iso_list_tech-24">[24]</a> It was later disbanded. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Membership">Membership</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Organization_for_Standardization&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Membership">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Countries_in_the_International_Organization_for_Standardization" title="Countries in the International Organization for Standardization">Countries in the International Organization for Standardization</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ISO_Members_2020.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/ISO_Members_2020.svg/220px-ISO_Members_2020.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/ISO_Members_2020.svg/330px-ISO_Members_2020.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/ISO_Members_2020.svg/440px-ISO_Members_2020.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="263" /></a><figcaption>A map of ISO members as of November 2020 <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend">  ISO member countries with a national standards body and ISO voting rights</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Correspondent members (countries without a national standards body)</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Subscriber members (countries with small economies)</div></figcaption></figure> As of 2022<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=International_Organization_for_Standardization&action=edit">[update]</a>, there are 167 <a href="/wiki/Countries_in_International_Organization_for_Standardization" class="mw-redirect" title="Countries in International Organization for Standardization">national members</a> representing ISO in their country, with each country having only one member.<a href="#cite_note-About_ISO-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-:0-25">[25]</a> ISO has three membership categories,<a href="#cite_note-ISO_members-1">[1]</a> <ul><li>Member bodies are national bodies considered the most representative standards body in each country. These are the only members of ISO that have voting rights.</li> <li>Correspondent members are countries that do not have their own standards organization. These members are informed about the work of ISO, but do not participate in standards promulgation.</li> <li>Subscriber members are countries with small economies. They pay reduced membership fees, but can follow the development of standards.</li></ul> Participating members are called "P" members, as opposed to observing members, who are called "O" members. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Financing">Financing</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Organization_for_Standardization&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Financing">edit</a>]</div> ISO is funded by a combination of:<a href="#cite_note-iso_general-26">[26]</a> <ul><li>Organizations that manage the specific projects or loan experts to participate in the technical work</li> <li>Subscriptions from member bodies, whose subscriptions are in proportion to each country's <a href="/wiki/Gross_national_product" class="mw-redirect" title="Gross national product">gross national product</a> and trade figures</li> <li>Sale of standards</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="International_standards_and_other_publications">International standards and other publications</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Organization_for_Standardization&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: International standards and other publications">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_ISO_standards" title="List of ISO standards">List of ISO standards</a></div> International standards are the main products of ISO. It also publishes technical reports, technical specifications, publicly available specifications, technical <a href="/wiki/Erratum" title="Erratum">corrigenda</a> (corrections), and guides.<a href="#cite_note-ISOUS95IECUS95directives2004-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-iso-directives-28">[28]</a> International standards <dl><dd>These are designated using the format ISO[/IEC] [/ASTM] [IS] nnnnn[-p]:[yyyy] Title, where nnnnn is the number of the standard, p is an optional part number, yyyy is the year published, and Title describes the subject. IEC for <a href="/wiki/International_Electrotechnical_Commission" title="International Electrotechnical Commission">International Electrotechnical Commission</a> is included if the standard results from the work of ISO/IEC JTC 1 (the ISO/IEC Joint Technical Committee). ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) is used for standards developed in cooperation with <a href="/wiki/ASTM_International" title="ASTM International">ASTM International</a>. yyyy and IS are not used for an incomplete or unpublished standard and, under some circumstances, may be left off the title of a published work.</dd></dl> Technical reports <dl><dd>These are issued when a technical committee or subcommittee has collected data of a different kind from that normally published as an International Standard,<a href="#cite_note-ISOUS95IECUS95directives2004-27">[27]</a> such as references and explanations. The naming conventions for these are the same as for standards, except TR prepended instead of IS in the report's name.</dd></dl> For example: <ul><li>ISO/IEC TR 17799:2000 Code of Practice for Information Security Management</li> <li>ISO/TR 19033:2000 Technical product documentation – Metadata for construction documentation</li></ul> Technical and publicly available specifications <dl><dd>Technical specifications may be produced when "the subject in question is still under development or where for any other reason there is the future but not immediate possibility of an agreement to publish an International Standard". A publicly available specification is usually "an intermediate specification, published prior to the development of a full International Standard, or, in IEC may be a 'dual logo' publication published in collaboration with an external organization".<a href="#cite_note-ISOUS95IECUS95directives2004-27">[27]</a> By convention, both types of specification are named in a manner similar to the organization's technical reports.</dd></dl> For example: <ul><li>ISO/TS 16952-1:2006 Technical product documentation – Reference designation system – Part 1: General application rules (later withdrawn and replaced by ISO/TS 81346-3:2012, which was later withdrawn)</li> <li>ISO/PAS 11154:2006 Road vehicles – Roof load carriers (later revised in ISO 11154:2023, which does not have the "PAS" abbreviation in its name)</li></ul> Technical corrigenda <dl><dd>When partnering with IEC in their joint technical committee, ISO also sometimes issues "technical corrigenda" (where "corrigenda" is the plural of <a href="/wiki/Erratum" title="Erratum">corrigendum</a>). These are amendments made to existing standards to correct minor technical flaws or ambiguities.<a href="#cite_note-ISOUS95IECUS95directives2004-27">[27]</a></dd></dl> ISO guides <dl><dd>These are meta-standards covering "matters related to international standardization".<a href="#cite_note-ISOUS95IECUS95directives2004-27">[27]</a> They are named using the format "ISO[/IEC] Guide N:yyyy: Title".</dd></dl> For example: <ul><li>ISO/IEC Guide 2:2004 Standardization and related activities – General vocabulary</li> <li>ISO/IEC Guide 65:1996 General requirements for bodies operating product certification (since revised and reissued as ISO/IEC 17065:2012 Conformity assessment — Requirements for bodies certifying products, processes and services).<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Document_copyright">Document copyright</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Organization_for_Standardization&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Document copyright">edit</a>]</div> ISO documents have strict copyright restrictions and ISO charges for most copies. As of 2020<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=International_Organization_for_Standardization&action=edit">[update]</a>, the typical cost of a copy of an ISO standard is about US$120 or more (and electronic copies typically have a single-user license, so they cannot be shared among groups of people).<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> Some standards by ISO and its official U.S. representative (and, via the U.S. National Committee, the <a href="/wiki/International_Electrotechnical_Commission" title="International Electrotechnical Commission">International Electrotechnical Commission</a>) are made freely available.<a href="#cite_note-PubliclyAvailableStandards-31">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-free_ansi-32">[32]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Standardization_process">Standardization process</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Organization_for_Standardization&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Standardization process">edit</a>]</div> A standard published by ISO/IEC is the last stage of a long process that commonly starts with the proposal of new work within a committee. Some abbreviations used for marking a standard with its status are:<a href="#cite_note-about-mpeg-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-iso-stages-codes-34">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-iso-stages-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-acronyms-committees-36">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-iso-directives-procedures-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-abbr-38">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-us-tag-committee-39">[39]</a> <ul><li>PWI – Preliminary Work Item</li> <li>NP or NWIP – New Proposal / New Work Item Proposal (e.g., ISO/IEC NP 23007)</li> <li>AWI – Approved new Work Item (e.g., ISO/IEC AWI 15444-14)</li> <li>WD – Working Draft (e.g., ISO/IEC WD 27032)</li> <li>CD – Committee Draft (e.g., ISO/IEC CD 23000-5)</li> <li>FCD – Final Committee Draft (e.g., ISO/IEC FCD 23000-12)</li> <li>DIS – Draft International Standard (e.g., ISO/IEC DIS 14297)</li> <li>FDIS – Final Draft International Standard (e.g., ISO/IEC FDIS 27003)</li> <li>PRF – Proof of a new International Standard (e.g., ISO/IEC PRF 18018)</li> <li>IS – International Standard (e.g., ISO/IEC 13818-1:2007)</li></ul> Abbreviations used for amendments are:<a href="#cite_note-about-mpeg-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-iso-stages-codes-34">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-iso-stages-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-acronyms-committees-36">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-iso-directives-procedures-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-abbr-38">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-us-tag-committee-39">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-iso-tr-ts-2009-40">[40]</a> <ul><li>NP Amd – New Proposal Amendment (e.g., ISO/IEC 15444-2:2004/NP Amd 3)</li> <li>AWI Amd – Approved new Work Item Amendment (e.g., ISO/IEC 14492:2001/AWI Amd 4)</li> <li>WD Amd – Working Draft Amendment (e.g., ISO 11092:1993/WD Amd 1)</li> <li>CD Amd / PDAmd – Committee Draft Amendment / Proposed Draft Amendment (e.g., ISO/IEC 13818-1:2007/CD Amd 6)</li> <li>FPDAmd / DAM (DAmd) – Final Proposed Draft Amendment / Draft Amendment (e.g., ISO/IEC 14496-14:2003/FPDAmd 1)</li> <li>FDAM (FDAmd) – Final Draft Amendment (e.g., ISO/IEC 13818-1:2007/FDAmd 4)</li> <li>PRF Amd – (e.g., ISO 12639:2004/PRF Amd 1)</li> <li>Amd – Amendment (e.g., ISO/IEC 13818-1:2007/Amd 1:2007)</li></ul> Other abbreviations are:<a href="#cite_note-iso-directives-procedures-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-abbr-38">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-iso-tr-ts-2009-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-deliverables-41">[41]</a> <ul><li>TR – Technical Report (e.g., ISO/IEC TR 19791:2006)</li> <li>DTR – Draft Technical Report (e.g., ISO/IEC DTR 19791)</li> <li>TS – Technical Specification (e.g., ISO/TS 16949:2009)</li> <li>DTS – Draft Technical Specification (e.g., ISO/DTS 11602-1)</li> <li>PAS – Publicly Available Specification</li> <li>TTA – Technology Trends Assessment (e.g., ISO/TTA 1:1994)</li> <li>IWA – International Workshop Agreements (e.g., IWA 1:2005)</li> <li>Cor – Technical Corrigendum (e.g., ISO/IEC 13818-1:2007/Cor 1:2008)</li> <li>Guide – a guidance to technical committees for the preparation of standards</li></ul> International Standards are developed by ISO technical committees (TC) and subcommittees (SC) by a process with six steps:<a href="#cite_note-iso-stages-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-iso-directives-part1-42">[42]</a> <ul><li>Stage 1: Proposal stage</li> <li>Stage 2: Preparatory stage</li> <li>Stage 3: Committee stage</li> <li>Stage 4: Enquiry stage</li> <li>Stage 5: Approval stage</li> <li>Stage 6: Publication stage</li></ul> The TC/SC may set up <a href="/wiki/Working_group" title="Working group">working groups</a> (WG) of experts for the preparation of a working drafts. Subcommittees may have several working groups, which may have several Sub Groups (SG).<a href="#cite_note-wg11-structure-43">[43]</a> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Stages in the development process of an ISO standard<a href="#cite_note-iso-stages-codes-34">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-iso-stages-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-acronyms-committees-36">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-us-tag-committee-39">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-iso-directives-part1-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-iso-tr-ts-2009-40">[40]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th width="6%">Stage code</th> <th width="15%">Stage</th> <th width="19%">Associated document name</th> <th width="45%">Abbreviations</th> <th><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Description</li><li>Notes</li></ul></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td>00</td> <td>Preliminary</td> <td>Preliminary work item</td> <td>PWI</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>10</td> <td>Proposal</td> <td>New work item proposal</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>NP or NWIP</li><li>NP Amd/TR/TS/IWA</li></ul></div></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>20</td> <td>Preparatory</td> <td>Working draft or drafts</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>AWI</li><li>AWI Amd/TR/TS</li><li>WD</li><li>WD Amd/TR/TS</li></ul></div></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>30</td> <td>Committee</td> <td>Committee draft or drafts</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>CD</li><li>CD Amd/Cor/TR/TS</li><li>PDAmd (PDAM)</li><li>PDTR</li><li>PDTS</li></ul></div></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>40</td> <td>Enquiry</td> <td>Enquiry draft</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>DIS</li><li>FCD</li><li>FPDAmd</li><li>DAmd (DAM)</li><li>FPDISP</li><li>DTR</li><li>DTS</li></ul></div></td> <td>(CDV in IEC) </td></tr> <tr> <td>50</td> <td>Approval</td> <td>Final draft</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>FDIS</li><li>FDAmd (FDAM)</li><li>PRF</li><li>PRF Amd/TTA/TR/TS/Suppl</li><li>FDTR</li></ul></div></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>60</td> <td>Publication</td> <td>International Standard</td> <td rowspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>ISO</li><li>TR</li><li>TS</li><li>IWA</li><li>Amd</li><li>Cor</li></ul></div></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>90</td> <td>Review</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>95</td> <td>Withdrawal</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> It is possible to omit certain stages, if there is a document with a certain degree of maturity at the start of a standardization project, for example, a standard developed by another organization. ISO/IEC directives also allow the so-called "Fast-track procedure". In this procedure, a document is submitted directly for approval as a draft International Standard (DIS) to the ISO member bodies or as a final draft International Standard (FDIS), if the document was developed by an international standardizing body recognized by the ISO Council.<a href="#cite_note-iso-stages-35">[35]</a> The first step, a proposal of work (New Proposal), is approved at the relevant subcommittee or technical committee (e.g., SC 29 and JTC 1 respectively in the case of MPEG, the <a href="/wiki/Moving_Picture_Experts_Group" title="Moving Picture Experts Group">Moving Picture Experts Group</a>). A working group (WG) of experts is typically set up by the subcommittee for the preparation of a working draft (e.g., MPEG is a collection of seven working groups as of 2023). When the scope of a new work is sufficiently clarified, some of the working groups may make an open request for proposals—known as a "call for proposals". The first document that is produced, for example, for audio and video coding standards is called a verification model (VM) (previously also called a "simulation and test model"). When a sufficient confidence in the stability of the standard under development is reached, a working draft (WD) is produced. This is in the form of a standard, but is kept internal to working group for revision. When a working draft is sufficiently mature and the subcommittee is satisfied that it has developed an appropriate technical document for the problem being addressed, it becomes a committee draft (CD) and is sent to the P-member national bodies of the SC for the collection of formal comments. Revisions may be made in response to the comments, and successive committee drafts may be produced and circulated until consensus is reached to proceed to the next stage, called the "enquiry stage". After a consensus to proceed is established, the subcommittee will produce a draft international standard (DIS), and the text is submitted to national bodies for voting and comment within a period of five months. A document in the DIS stage is available to the public for purchase and may be referred to with its ISO DIS reference number.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> Following consideration of any comments and revision of the document, the draft is then approved for submission as a Final Draft International Standard (FDIS) if a two-thirds majority of the P-members of the TC/SC are in favour and if not more than one-quarter of the total number of votes cast are negative. ISO will then hold a ballot among the national bodies where no technical changes are allowed (a yes/no final approval ballot), within a period of two months. It is approved as an International Standard (IS) if a two-thirds majority of the P-members of the TC/SC is in favour and not more than one-quarter of the total number of votes cast are negative. After approval, the document is published by the ISO <a href="/wiki/Secretariat_(administrative_office)" title="Secretariat (administrative office)">central secretariat</a>, with only minor editorial changes introduced in the publication process before the publication as an International Standard.<a href="#cite_note-about-mpeg-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-iso-stages-35">[35]</a> Except for a relatively small number of standards,<a href="#cite_note-PubliclyAvailableStandards-31">[31]</a> ISO standards are not available free of charge, but rather for a purchase fee,<a href="#cite_note-iso_shopFAQ-45">[45]</a> which has been seen by some as unaffordable for small <a href="/wiki/Open-source_model" class="mw-redirect" title="Open-source model">open-source</a> projects.<a href="#cite_note-oreilly2007-46">[46]</a> The process of developing standards within ISO was criticized around 2007 as being too difficult for timely completion of large and complex standards, and some members were failing to respond to ballots, causing problems in completing the necessary steps within the prescribed time limits. In some cases, alternative processes have been used to develop standards outside of ISO and then submit them for its approval. A more rapid "fast-track" approval procedure was used in <a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_JTC_1" title="ISO/IEC JTC 1">ISO/IEC JTC 1</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Standardization_of_Office_Open_XML" title="Standardization of Office Open XML">standardization of Office Open XML</a> (OOXML, ISO/IEC 29500, approved in April 2008), and another rapid alternative "publicly available specification" (PAS) process had been used by <a href="/wiki/Organization_for_the_Advancement_of_Structured_Information_Standards" class="mw-redirect" title="Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards">OASIS</a> to obtain approval of <a href="/wiki/OpenDocument" title="OpenDocument">OpenDocument</a> as an ISO/IEC standard (ISO/IEC 26300, approved in May 2006).<a href="#cite_note-jtc1_sc34_0940-47">[47]</a> As was suggested at the time by Martin Bryan, the outgoing convenor (chairman) of working group 1 (WG1) of <a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_JTC_1/SC_34" title="ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 34">ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 34</a>, the rules of ISO were eventually tightened so that participating members that fail to respond to votes are demoted to observer status. The computer security entrepreneur and <a href="/wiki/Ubuntu_(operating_system)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ubuntu (operating system)">Ubuntu</a> founder, <a href="/wiki/Mark_Shuttleworth" title="Mark Shuttleworth">Mark Shuttleworth</a>, was quoted in a <a href="/wiki/ZDNet" class="mw-redirect" title="ZDNet">ZDNet</a> blog article in 2008 about the process of standardization of OOXML as saying: "I think it de-values the confidence people have in the standards setting process", and alleged that ISO did not carry out its responsibility. He also said that <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> had intensely lobbied many countries that traditionally had not participated in ISO and stacked technical committees with Microsoft employees, solution providers, and resellers sympathetic to Office Open XML:<a href="#cite_note-zdnet_2222-48">[48]</a> <blockquote> When you have a process built on trust and when that trust is abused, ISO should halt the process... ISO is an engineering <a href="/wiki/Old_boy_network" title="Old boy network">old boys club</a> and these things are boring so you have to have a lot of passion ... then suddenly you have an investment of a lot of money and lobbying and you get artificial results. The process is not set up to deal with intensive corporate <a href="/wiki/Lobbying" title="Lobbying">lobbying</a> and so you end up with something being a standard that is not clear. </blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="International_Workshop_Agreements">International Workshop Agreements</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Organization_for_Standardization&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: International Workshop Agreements">edit</a>]</div> International Workshop Agreements (IWAs) are documents that establish a collaboration agreement that allow "key industry players to negotiate in an open workshop environment" outside of ISO in a way that may eventually lead to development of an ISO standard.<a href="#cite_note-deliverables-41">[41]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Products_named_after_ISO">Products named after ISO</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Organization_for_Standardization&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Products named after ISO">edit</a>]</div> On occasion, the fact that many of the ISO-created standards are ubiquitous has led to common use of "ISO" to describe the product that conforms to a standard. Some examples of this are: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disk_images" class="mw-redirect" title="Disk images">Disk images</a> ending in the <a href="/wiki/File_extension" class="mw-redirect" title="File extension">file extension</a> "<a href="/wiki/ISO_image" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO image">ISO</a>" to signify that they are using the <a href="/wiki/ISO_9660" title="ISO 9660">ISO 9660</a> standard file system as opposed to another file system—hence disc images commonly being referred to as "ISOs".</li> <li>The sensitivity of a photographic film to light (its "<a href="/wiki/Film_speed" title="Film speed">film speed</a>") is described by <a href="/wiki/ISO_6" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 6">ISO 6</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISO_2240" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 2240">ISO 2240</a>, and <a href="/wiki/ISO_5800" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 5800">ISO 5800</a>. Hence, the speed of the film often is referred to by its ISO number.</li> <li>As it was originally defined in ISO 518, the flash <a href="/wiki/Hot_shoe" title="Hot shoe">hot shoe</a> found on cameras often is called the "ISO shoe".</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_11783" title="ISO 11783">ISO 11783</a>, the communication protocol for the agriculture industry, which is marketed as ISOBUS.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_13216" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 13216">ISO 13216</a>, the standardized attachment points for child safety seats, which is marketed as ISOFIX.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_668" title="ISO 668">ISO 668</a>, the standardized intermodal containers, sometimes called "ISO containers".</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ISO_awards">ISO awards</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Organization_for_Standardization&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: ISO awards">edit</a>]</div> ISO presents several awards to acknowledge the valuable contributions made in the realm of international standardization:<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> <ul><li>The Lawrence D. Eicher Award: This award acknowledges outstanding standards development. It is available to all ISO and ISO/IEC technical committees.</li> <li>The ISO Next Generation Award: Aimed at young professionals from ISO member nations, this award highlights those who advocate for sustainability-centric standardization and emphasize the importance of partnerships.</li> <li>The ISO Excellence Award: Dedicated to recognizing the endeavors of ISO's technical professionals, any individual nominated as an expert, project leader, or convenor in a committee working group is eligible for this award.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Organization_for_Standardization&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg/28px-Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg/42px-Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg/56px-Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Science" title="Portal:Science">Science portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_kcmsystem.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Nuvola_apps_kcmsystem.svg/28px-Nuvola_apps_kcmsystem.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Nuvola_apps_kcmsystem.svg/42px-Nuvola_apps_kcmsystem.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Nuvola_apps_kcmsystem.svg/56px-Nuvola_apps_kcmsystem.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Engineering" title="Portal:Engineering">Engineering portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><a href="/wiki/File:Noun-technology.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Noun-technology.svg/29px-Noun-technology.svg.png" decoding="async" width="29" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Noun-technology.svg/43px-Noun-technology.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Noun-technology.svg/57px-Noun-technology.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="90" data-file-height="88" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Technology" title="Portal:Technology">Technology portal</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col div-col-small" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Countries_in_the_International_Organization_for_Standardization" title="Countries in the International Organization for Standardization">Countries in the International Organization for Standardization</a> – Members of ISO</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecma_International" title="Ecma International">Ecma International</a> – Standards organization for information and communication systems</li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Committee_for_Standardization" title="European Committee for Standardization">European Committee for Standardization</a> (<abbr>CEN</abbr>) – Standards organization</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Reporting_Initiative" title="Global Reporting Initiative">Global Reporting Initiative</a> – International standards organization – for sustainability information and linking up with reporting on their 17#<a href="/wiki/GlobalGoals" class="mw-redirect" title="GlobalGoals">GlobalGoals</a> indicators</li> <li><a href="/wiki/GOST" title="GOST">GOST</a> – CIS technical standards – a set of technical standards maintained by the Euro-Asian Council for Standardization, Metrology, and Certification</li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_Standards_Association" title="IEEE Standards Association">IEEE Standards Association</a> – Operating unit within IEEE</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Environmental_Sciences_and_Technology" title="Institute of Environmental Sciences and Technology">Institute of Environmental Sciences and Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interface_2010" class="mw-redirect" title="Interface 2010">Interface 2010</a> – the Interface Marketing Supplier Integration Institute</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Classification_for_Standards" title="International Classification for Standards">International Classification for Standards</a> – Classification system for technical standards</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_International_Customer_Service_Institute" title="The International Customer Service Institute">The International Customer Service Institute</a> – International partnership organisation for sharing of best practices in customer service</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Electrotechnical_Commission" title="International Electrotechnical Commission">International Electrotechnical Commission</a> (<abbr>IEC</abbr>) – International standards organization</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_healthcare_accreditation" title="International healthcare accreditation">International healthcare accreditation</a> – International healthcare accreditation organisation</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Telecommunication_Union" title="International Telecommunication Union">International Telecommunication Union</a> – Specialized agency of the United Nations</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Engineering_Task_Force" title="Internet Engineering Task Force">Internet Engineering Task Force</a> – Open internet standards organization</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ISO_standards" title="List of ISO standards">List of ISO standards</a> – List of standards by the International Organization for Standardization</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standardization" title="Standardization">Standardization</a> – Implementation of technical standards based on the consensus of different parties</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standards_organization" title="Standards organization">Standards organization</a> – Organization that develops standards</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terminology_planning_policy" title="Terminology planning policy">Terminology planning policy</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ISO_divisions">ISO divisions</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Organization_for_Standardization&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: ISO divisions">edit</a>]</div> Some of the 834 Technical Committees of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) include:<a href="#cite_note-About_ISO-6">[6]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col div-col-small" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO/TC_37" title="ISO/TC 37">ISO/TC 37 - Language and terminology</a> – Terminology and other language content resources</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/TC_46" title="ISO/TC 46">ISO/TC 46 - Information and documentation</a> - Libraries, archives, indexing and information science</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/TC_68" title="ISO/TC 68">ISO/TC 68 - Financial services</a> - Banking, securities and financial services</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO/TC_176&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO/TC 176 (page does not exist)">ISO/TC 176 - Quality management and quality assurance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/TC_211" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO/TC 211">ISO/TC 211 - Geographic information/Geomatics</a> - <a href="/wiki/Geographic_data_and_information" title="Geographic data and information">Geographic data and information</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/TC_215" title="ISO/TC 215">ISO/TC 215 - Health informatics</a> - <a href="/wiki/Health_informatics" title="Health informatics">Health-related data/information</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/TC_262" title="ISO/TC 262">ISO/TC 262 - Risk management</a> - <a href="/wiki/Risk_management" title="Risk management">Risk management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/TC_289" title="ISO/TC 289">ISO/TC 289 - Brand evaluation</a> - <a href="/wiki/Brand" title="Brand">Brand</a> evaluation and valuation</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/TC_292" title="ISO/TC 292">ISO/TC 292 - Security and resilience</a> - Security of society</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Organization_for_Standardization&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ISO_members-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ISO_members_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ISO_members_1-1">b</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iso.org/members.html">"ISO members"</a>. International Organization for Standardization. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210124090755/https://www.iso.org/members.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 January 2021. Retrieved 17 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ISO+members&rft.pub=International+Organization+for+Standardization&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iso.org%2Fmembers.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Organization+for+Standardization" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-languages-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-languages_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-languages_2-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071004225623/http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/how_to_use_the_catalogue.htm">"How to use the ISO Catalogue"</a>. International Organization for Standardization. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/how_to_use_the_catalogue.htm">the original</a> on 4 October 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+to+use+the+ISO+Catalogue&rft.pub=International+Organization+for+Standardization&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iso.org%2Fiso%2Fiso_catalogue%2Fhow_to_use_the_catalogue.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Organization+for+Standardization" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N6ZLzzAZ_nQ&t=63s">Dare to dream BIG: Standards empower innovators (EN, ES, FR)</a>. ISO. 24 October 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220214062815/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N6ZLzzAZ_nQ&t=63s">Archived</a> from the original on 14 February 2022. Retrieved 14 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dare+to+dream+BIG%3A+Standards+empower+innovators+%28EN%2C+ES%2C+FR%29&rft.pub=ISO&rft.date=2016-10-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DN6ZLzzAZ_nQ%26t%3D63s&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Organization+for+Standardization" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iso.org/publication/PUB100399.html">"ISO Membership Manual"</a>. ISO. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220410094647/https://www.iso.org/publication/PUB100399.html">Archived</a> from the original on 10 April 2022. Retrieved 10 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ISO&rft.atitle=ISO+Membership+Manual&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iso.org%2Fpublication%2FPUB100399.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Organization+for+Standardization" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-statutes-5"><a href="#cite_ref-statutes_5-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iso.org/files/live/sites/isoorg/files/archive/pdf/en/statutes.pdf">ISO Statutes</a> (PDF) (in English, French, and Russian) (20th ed.). <a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a>: International Organization for Standardization. 2022. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-92-67-02040-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-92-67-02040-2"><bdi>978-92-67-02040-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220331214602/https://www.iso.org/files/live/sites/isoorg/files/archive/pdf/en/statutes.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 31 March 2022. Retrieved 12 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=ISO+Statutes&rft.place=Geneva&rft.edition=20th&rft.pub=International+Organization+for+Standardization&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=978-92-67-02040-2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iso.org%2Ffiles%2Flive%2Fsites%2Fisoorg%2Ffiles%2Farchive%2Fpdf%2Fen%2Fstatutes.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Organization+for+Standardization" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-About_ISO-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-About_ISO_6-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-About_ISO_6-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-About_ISO_6-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-About_ISO_6-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-About_ISO_6-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-About_ISO_6-5">f</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iso.org/iso/about.htm">"About ISO"</a>. ISO. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230217220116/https://www.iso.org/about-us.html">Archived</a> from the original on 17 February 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+ISO&rft.pub=ISO&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iso.org%2Fiso%2Fabout.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Organization+for+Standardization" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2021/10/04/iso-london-declaration-climate/">"New 'net zero' standards could transform the climate – unless they're derailed"</a>. The Washington Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220202010928/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2021/10/04/iso-london-declaration-climate/">Archived</a> from the original on 2 February 2022. Retrieved 18 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=New+%27net+zero%27+standards+could+transform+the+climate+%E2%80%93+unless+they%27re+derailed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fpolitics%2F2021%2F10%2F04%2Fiso-london-declaration-climate%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Organization+for+Standardization" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iso.org/sectors/health">"Health sector standards"</a>. ISO. 6 April 2023. Retrieved 28 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ISO&rft.atitle=Health+sector+standards&rft.date=2023-04-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iso.org%2Fsectors%2Fhealth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Organization+for+Standardization" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iso.org/sectors/transport">"Transport sector standards"</a>. ISO. 20 January 2023. Retrieved 28 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ISO&rft.atitle=Transport+sector+standards&rft.date=2023-01-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iso.org%2Fsectors%2Ftransport&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Organization+for+Standardization" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-10"><a href="#cite_ref-:1_10-0">^</a> Editors of Encyclopedia Britannica. 3 June 2021. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/International-Organization-for-Standardization">International Organization for Standardization</a>". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220412114854/https://www.britannica.com/topic/International-Organization-for-Standardization">Archived</a> 12 April 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2022-04-26. </li> <li id="cite_note-iso_name-11"><a href="#cite_ref-iso_name_11-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iso.org/files/live/sites/isoorg/files/about%20ISO/docs/en/Friendship_among_equals.pdf">"Friendship among equals"</a> (PDF). ISO. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200314143635/https://www.iso.org/files/live/sites/isoorg/files/about%20ISO/docs/en/Friendship_among_equals.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 14 March 2020. Retrieved 8 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Friendship+among+equals&rft.pub=ISO&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iso.org%2Ffiles%2Flive%2Fsites%2Fisoorg%2Ffiles%2Fabout%2520ISO%2Fdocs%2Fen%2FFriendship_among_equals.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Organization+for+Standardization" class="Z3988"> (page 20) </li> <li id="cite_note-iso_logo-12"><a href="#cite_ref-iso_logo_12-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iso.org/iso/home/name_and_logo.htm">"ISO name and logo"</a>. ISO. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120919222138/http://www.iso.org/iso/home/name_and_logo.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 19 September 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ISO+name+and+logo&rft.pub=ISO&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iso.org%2Fiso%2Fhome%2Fname_and_logo.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Organization+for+Standardization" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brief_history-13"><a href="#cite_ref-Brief_history_13-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sis.pitt.edu/~mbsclass/standards/martincic/isohistr.htm">"A Brief History of ISO"</a>. University of Pittsburgh. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150427095105/http://www.sis.pitt.edu/~mbsclass/standards/martincic/isohistr.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 27 April 2015. Retrieved 12 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Brief+History+of+ISO&rft.pub=University+of+Pittsburgh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sis.pitt.edu%2F~mbsclass%2Fstandards%2Fmartincic%2Fisohistr.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Organization+for+Standardization" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-50_years-14"><a href="#cite_ref-50_years_14-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iso.org/iso/2012_friendship_among_equals.pdf">Friendship among equals – Recollections from ISO's first fifty years</a> (PDF), International Organization for Standardization, 1997, pp. 15–18, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/92-67-10260-5" title="Special:BookSources/92-67-10260-5"><bdi>92-67-10260-5</bdi></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121026060448/http://www.iso.org/iso/2012_friendship_among_equals.pdf">archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 26 October 2012</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Friendship+among+equals+%E2%80%93+Recollections+from+ISO%27s+first+fifty+years&rft.pages=15-18&rft.pub=International+Organization+for+Standardization&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=92-67-10260-5&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iso.org%2Fiso%2F2012_friendship_among_equals.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Organization+for+Standardization" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYatesMurphy2006" class="citation journal cs1">Yates, JoAnne; Murphy, Craig N. 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Retrieved 29 June 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Business+and+Economic+History+On-Line&rft.atitle=From+setting+national+standards+to+coordinating+international+standards%3A+The+formation+of+the+ISO&rft.volume=4&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Yates&rft.aufirst=JoAnne&rft.au=Murphy%2C+Craig+N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthebhc.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fyatesandmurphy.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Organization+for+Standardization" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tranchard_2017_q168-16"><a href="#cite_ref-Tranchard_2017_q168_16-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTranchard2017" class="citation web cs1">Tranchard, Sandrine (23 February 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iso.org/cms/render/live/en/sites/isoorg/contents/news/2017/02/Ref2163.html">"ISO celebrates 70 years"</a>. ISO. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231020052804/https://www.iso.org/news/2017/02/Ref2163.html">Archived</a> from the original on 20 October 2023. Retrieved 10 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ISO&rft.atitle=ISO+celebrates+70+years&rft.date=2017-02-23&rft.aulast=Tranchard&rft.aufirst=Sandrine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iso.org%2Fcms%2Frender%2Flive%2Fen%2Fsites%2Fisoorg%2Fcontents%2Fnews%2F2017%2F02%2FRef2163.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Organization+for+Standardization" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ISOStructureAndGovernance-17">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ISOStructureAndGovernance_17-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ISOStructureAndGovernance_17-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ISOStructureAndGovernance_17-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iso.org/iso/home/about/about_governance.htm">"Structure and governance"</a>. International Organization for Standardization. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120919222955/http://www.iso.org/iso/home/about/about_governance.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 19 September 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Structure+and+governance&rft.pub=International+Organization+for+Standardization&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iso.org%2Fiso%2Fhome%2Fabout%2Fabout_governance.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Organization+for+Standardization" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-tech_ctte_list-18"><a href="#cite_ref-tech_ctte_list_18-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iso.org/iso/home/standards_development/list_of_iso_technical_committees/iso_technical_committee.htm?commid=55010">"Council"</a>. International Organization for Standardization. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121103211437/http://www.iso.org/iso/home/standards_development/list_of_iso_technical_committees/iso_technical_committee.htm?commid=55010">Archived</a> from the original on 3 November 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Council&rft.pub=International+Organization+for+Standardization&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iso.org%2Fiso%2Fhome%2Fstandards_development%2Flist_of_iso_technical_committees%2Fiso_technical_committee.htm%3Fcommid%3D55010&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Organization+for+Standardization" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-iso_technical_ctte-19"><a href="#cite_ref-iso_technical_ctte_19-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iso.org/iso/home/standards_development/list_of_iso_technical_committees.htm">"Technical committees"</a>. International Organization for Standardization. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120919220258/http://www.iso.org/iso/home/standards_development/list_of_iso_technical_committees.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 19 September 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Technical+committees&rft.pub=International+Organization+for+Standardization&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iso.org%2Fiso%2Fhome%2Fstandards_development%2Flist_of_iso_technical_committees.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Organization+for+Standardization" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-develops-20"><a href="#cite_ref-develops_20-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iso.org/iso/home/standards_development/who-develops-iso-standards.htm">"Who develops ISO standards?"</a>. International Organization for Standardization. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120919212351/http://www.iso.org/iso/home/standards_development/who-develops-iso-standards.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 19 September 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Who+develops+ISO+standards%3F&rft.pub=International+Organization+for+Standardization&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iso.org%2Fiso%2Fhome%2Fstandards_development%2Fwho-develops-iso-standards.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Organization+for+Standardization" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-governance-21"><a href="#cite_ref-governance_21-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iso.org/iso/home/standards_development/governance_of_technical_work.htm">"Governance of technical work"</a>. International Organization for Standardization. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120919222005/http://www.iso.org/iso/home/standards_development/governance_of_technical_work.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 19 September 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Governance+of+technical+work&rft.pub=International+Organization+for+Standardization&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iso.org%2Fiso%2Fhome%2Fstandards_development%2Fgovernance_of_technical_work.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Organization+for+Standardization" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-jtc1_home-22"><a href="#cite_ref-jtc1_home_22-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iso.org/iso/jtc1_home">"ISO/IEC JTC 1"</a>. International Organization for Standardization. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111215062549/http://www.iso.org/iso/jtc1_home">Archived</a> from the original on 15 December 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ISO%2FIEC+JTC+1&rft.pub=International+Organization+for+Standardization&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iso.org%2Fiso%2Fjtc1_home&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Organization+for+Standardization" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jtc1info.org/">"JTC 1 home page"</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_JTC_1" title="ISO/IEC JTC 1">ISO/IEC JTC 1</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210515160408/https://jtc1info.org/">Archived</a> from the original on 15 May 2021. Retrieved 15 May 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=JTC+1+home+page&rft.pub=ISO%2FIEC+JTC+1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjtc1info.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Organization+for+Standardization" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-iso_list_tech-24"><a href="#cite_ref-iso_list_tech_24-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121006120431/http://www.iso.org/iso/home/standards_development/list_of_iso_technical_committees/iso_technical_committee.htm?commid=585141">"ISO/IEC JTC 2 Joint Project Committee – Energy efficiency and renewable energy sources – Common terminology"</a>. International Organization for Standardization. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iso.org/iso/home/standards_development/list_of_iso_technical_committees/iso_technical_committee.htm?commid=585141">the original</a> on 6 October 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ISO%2FIEC+JTC+2+Joint+Project+Committee+%E2%80%93+Energy+efficiency+and+renewable+energy+sources+%E2%80%93+Common+terminology&rft.pub=International+Organization+for+Standardization&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iso.org%2Fiso%2Fhome%2Fstandards_development%2Flist_of_iso_technical_committees%2Fiso_technical_committee.htm%3Fcommid%3D585141&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Organization+for+Standardization" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-25"><a href="#cite_ref-:0_25-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iso.org/members.html">"ISO – Members"</a>. ISO. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210124090755/https://www.iso.org/members.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 January 2021. Retrieved 18 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ISO&rft.atitle=ISO+%E2%80%93+Members&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iso.org%2Fmembers.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Organization+for+Standardization" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-iso_general-26"><a href="#cite_ref-iso_general_26-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iso.org/iso/support/faqs/faqs_general_information_on_iso.htm">"General information on ISO"</a>. ISO. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071005105014/http://www.iso.org/iso/support/faqs/faqs_general_information_on_iso.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 5 October 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=General+information+on+ISO&rft.pub=ISO&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iso.org%2Fiso%2Fsupport%2Ffaqs%2Ffaqs_general_information_on_iso.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Organization+for+Standardization" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ISOUS95IECUS95directives2004-27">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ISOUS95IECUS95directives2004_27-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ISOUS95IECUS95directives2004_27-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ISOUS95IECUS95directives2004_27-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ISOUS95IECUS95directives2004_27-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ISOUS95IECUS95directives2004_27-4">e</a> The ISO directives are published in two distinct parts: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120613062832/http://www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs/iec/isoiecdir-1%7Bed9.0%7Den.pdf">"ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1: Procedures for the technical work"</a> (PDF). ISO/IEC. 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs/iec/isoiecdir-1%7Bed9.0%7Den.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 13 June 2012. Retrieved 17 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ISO%2FIEC+Directives%2C+Part+1%3A+Procedures+for+the+technical+work&rft.pub=ISO%2FIEC&rft.date=2012&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iec.ch%2Fmembers_experts%2Frefdocs%2Fiec%2Fisoiecdir-1%257Bed9.0%257Den.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Organization+for+Standardization" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111016080553/http://iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs/iec/isoiec-dir2%7Bed6.0%7Den.pdf">"ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2: Rules for the structure and drafting of International Standards"</a> (PDF). ISO/IEC. 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs/iec/isoiec-dir2%7Bed6.0%7Den.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 16 October 2011. Retrieved 17 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ISO%2FIEC+Directives%2C+Part+2%3A+Rules+for+the+structure+and+drafting+of+International+Standards&rft.pub=ISO%2FIEC&rft.date=2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iec.ch%2Fmembers_experts%2Frefdocs%2Fiec%2Fisoiec-dir2%257Bed6.0%257Den.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Organization+for+Standardization" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-iso-directives-28"><a href="#cite_ref-iso-directives_28-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFISO" class="citation web cs1">ISO. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iso.org/directives">"ISO/IEC Directives and ISO supplement"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080516045913/http://www.iso.org/directives">Archived</a> from the original on 16 May 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ISO%2FIEC+Directives+and+ISO+supplement&rft.au=ISO&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iso.org%2Fdirectives&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Organization+for+Standardization" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> ISO, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iso.org/standard/46568.html">ISO/IEC 17065:2012 Conformity assessment — Requirements for bodies certifying products, processes and services</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221003093033/https://www.iso.org/standard/46568.html">Archived</a> 3 October 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, published September 2012, revised 2018, accessed 3 October 2022 </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://reciprocitylabs.com/resources/what-does-iso-certification-cost/">"What Does ISO Certification Cost?"</a>. Reciprocity. 11 November 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201121020655/https://reciprocitylabs.com/resources/what-does-iso-certification-cost/">Archived</a> from the original on 21 November 2020. 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ISO. 19 October 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071013032935/http://standards.iso.org/ittf/PubliclyAvailableStandards/">Archived</a> from the original on 13 October 2007. Retrieved 17 December 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Publicly+Available+Standards&rft.pub=ISO&rft.date=2023-10-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstandards.iso.org%2Fittf%2FPubliclyAvailableStandards%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Organization+for+Standardization" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-free_ansi-32"><a href="#cite_ref-free_ansi_32-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070403014457/http://webstore.ansi.org/ansidocstore/free_standards.asp">"Free ANSI Standards"</a>. 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ISO. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071005054552/http://www.iso.org/iso/store/shopping_faqs.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 5 October 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Shopping+FAQs&rft.pub=ISO&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iso.org%2Fiso%2Fstore%2Fshopping_faqs.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Organization+for+Standardization" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-oreilly2007-46"><a href="#cite_ref-oreilly2007_46-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJelliffe2007" class="citation web cs1">Jelliffe, Rick (1 August 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oreillynet.com/xml/blog/2007/08/where_to_get_iso_standards_on.html">"Where to get ISO Standards on the Internet free"</a>. oreillynet.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071124060422/http://www.oreillynet.com/xml/blog/2007/08/where_to_get_iso_standards_on.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 November 2007. <q>The lack of free online availability has effectively made ISO standard irrelevant to the (home/hacker section of the) Open Source community.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Where+to+get+ISO+Standards+on+the+Internet+free&rft.pub=oreillynet.com&rft.date=2007-08-01&rft.aulast=Jelliffe&rft.aufirst=Rick&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oreillynet.com%2Fxml%2Fblog%2F2007%2F08%2Fwhere_to_get_iso_standards_on.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Organization+for+Standardization" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-jtc1_sc34_0940-47"><a href="#cite_ref-jtc1_sc34_0940_47-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jtc1sc34.org/repository/0940.htm">"Report on WG1 activity for December 2007 Meeting of ISO/IEC JTC1/SC34/WG1 in Kyoto"</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_JTC_1/SC_34" title="ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 34">ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 34</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070812081252/http://www.jtc1sc34.org/repository/0940.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 12 August 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ISO%2FIEC+JTC+1%2FSC+34&rft.atitle=Report+on+WG1+activity+for+December+2007+Meeting+of+ISO%2FIEC+JTC1%2FSC34%2FWG1+in+Kyoto&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jtc1sc34.org%2Frepository%2F0940.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Organization+for+Standardization" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-zdnet_2222-48"><a href="#cite_ref-zdnet_2222_48-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080404052723/http://blogs.zdnet.com/open-source/?p=2222">"Ubuntu's Shuttleworth blames ISO for OOXML's win"</a>. ZDNet.com. 1 April 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blogs.zdnet.com/open-source/?p=2222">the original</a> on 4 April 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ubuntu%27s+Shuttleworth+blames+ISO+for+OOXML%27s+win&rft.pub=ZDNet.com&rft.date=2008-04-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblogs.zdnet.com%2Fopen-source%2F%3Fp%3D2222&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Organization+for+Standardization" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iso.org/iso-awards.html">"ISO - ISO awards"</a>. ISO. Retrieved 26 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ISO&rft.atitle=ISO+-+ISO+awards&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iso.org%2Fiso-awards.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Organization+for+Standardization" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Organization_for_Standardization&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKuert1997" class="citation web cs1">Kuert, Willy (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iso.org/iso/2012_friendship_among_equals.pdf">"Friendship Among Equals – Recollections from ISO's first fifty years"</a> (PDF). ISO. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121026060448/http://www.iso.org/iso/2012_friendship_among_equals.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 26 October 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Friendship+Among+Equals+%E2%80%93+Recollections+from+ISO%27s+first+fifty+years&rft.pub=ISO&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=Kuert&rft.aufirst=Willy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iso.org%2Fiso%2F2012_friendship_among_equals.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Organization+for+Standardization" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYatesMurphy2006" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/JoAnne_Yates" title="JoAnne Yates">Yates, JoAnne</a>; Murphy, Craig N. (Fall 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.mit.edu/iandeseminar/Papers/Fall2006/Yates.pdf">"Coordinating International Standards: The Formation of the ISO"</a> (PDF). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100922210249/http://web.mit.edu/iandeseminar/Papers/Fall2006/Yates.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 22 September 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Coordinating+International+Standards%3A+The+Formation+of+the+ISO&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Yates&rft.aufirst=JoAnne&rft.au=Murphy%2C+Craig+N.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.mit.edu%2Fiandeseminar%2FPapers%2FFall2006%2FYates.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Organization+for+Standardization" class="Z3988"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.mit.edu/iandeseminar/index2006.html">MIT Innovations and Entrepreneurship Seminar Series</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Organization_for_Standardization&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output 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style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO/PAS_28007:2012" title="ISO/PAS 28007:2012">ISO/PAS 28007:2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/TS_80004" title="ISO/TS 80004">ISO/TS 80004</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technical reports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_TR_12182" title="ISO/IEC TR 12182">ISO/IEC TR 12182</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Member bodies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algerian_Institute_of_Standardization" title="Algerian Institute of Standardization">Algerian Institute of Standardization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_National_Standards_Institute" title="American National Standards Institute">American National Standards Institute</a></li> <li>ANSI-ASQ National Accreditation Board</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instituto_Argentino_de_Normalizaci%C3%B3n_y_Certificaci%C3%B3n" title="Instituto Argentino de Normalización y Certificación">Instituto Argentino de Normalización y Certificación</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASC_X9" title="ASC X9">ASC X9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AFNOR" title="AFNOR">AFNOR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_Standards_International" title="Austrian Standards International">Austrian Standards International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Standards_and_Testing_Institution" title="Bangladesh Standards and Testing Institution">Bangladesh Standards and Testing Institution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_National_Standards_Organization" title="Brazilian National Standards Organization">Brazilian National Standards Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BSI_Group" title="BSI Group">BSI Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Normalization" title="Bureau of Normalization">Bureau of Normalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_for_Standardization,_Metrology_and_Certification_of_Belarus" title="Committee for Standardization, Metrology and Certification of Belarus">Committee for Standardization, Metrology and Certification of Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus_Organisation_for_Standardisation" title="Cyprus Organisation for Standardisation">Cyprus Organisation for Standardisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutsches_Institut_f%C3%BCr_Normung" title="Deutsches Institut für Normung">Deutsches Institut für Normung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ente_Nazionale_Italiano_di_Unificazione" title="Ente Nazionale Italiano di Unificazione">Ente Nazionale Italiano di Unificazione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_Standards_Association" title="Finnish Standards Association">Finnish Standards Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICONTEC" class="mw-redirect" title="ICONTEC">ICONTEC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badan_Standardisasi_Nasional" class="mw-redirect" title="Badan Standardisasi Nasional">Badan Standardisasi Nasional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Standards_and_Industrial_Research_of_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran">Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Industrial_Standards_Committee" title="Japanese Industrial Standards Committee">Japanese Industrial Standards Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya_Bureau_of_Standards" title="Kenya Bureau of Standards">Kenya Bureau of Standards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Agency_for_Technology_and_Standards" title="Korean Agency for Technology and Standards">Korean Agency for Technology and Standards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Standards_Association" title="Korean Standards Association">Korean Standards Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Standards_Authority_of_Ireland" title="National Standards Authority of Ireland">National Standards Authority of Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Standards_and_Quality_Control_Authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakistan Standards and Quality Control Authority">Pakistan Standards and Quality Control Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Bureau_of_Standards" title="South African Bureau of Standards">South African Bureau of Standards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_Standards_Institution" title="Sri Lanka Standards Institution">Sri Lanka Standards Institution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standardization_Administration_of_China" title="Standardization Administration of China">Standardization Administration of China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standards_Australia" title="Standards Australia">Standards Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standards_Council_of_Canada" title="Standards Council of Canada">Standards Council of Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standards_Institute_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Standards Institute of Israel">Standards Institute of Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standards_Norway" title="Standards Norway">Standards Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standards_New_Zealand" title="Standards New Zealand">Standards New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Committee_for_Technical_Regulation_and_Consumer_Policy" title="State Committee for Technical Regulation and Consumer Policy">State Committee for Technical Regulation and Consumer Policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Institute_for_Standards" title="Swedish Institute for Standards">Swedish Standards Institute</a> / <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Institute_for_Standards" title="Swedish Institute for Standards">Swedish Institute for Standards</a> (SIS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Association_for_Standardization" title="Swiss Association for Standardization">Swiss Association for Standardization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Standards_Institution" title="Turkish Standards Institution">Turkish Standards Institution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UN_CEFACT_TBG5" title="UN CEFACT TBG5">UN CEFACT TBG5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vin%C3%A7otte" title="Vinçotte">Vinçotte</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Countries_in_the_International_Organization_for_Standardization" title="Countries in the International Organization for Standardization">Countries in the International Organization for Standardization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_Technology_Task_Force" title="Information Technology Task Force">Information Technology Task Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_Development_Environment" title="ISO Development Environment">ISO Development Environment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ISO_standards" title="List of ISO standards">List of ISO standards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ISO_technical_committees" title="List of ISO technical committees">List of ISO technical committees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quality_Objectives" class="mw-redirect" title="Quality Objectives">Quality Objectives</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="ISO_standards_by_standard_number" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:ISO_standards" title="Template:ISO standards"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:ISO_standards" title="Template talk:ISO standards"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:ISO_standards" title="Special:EditPage/Template:ISO standards"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="ISO_standards_by_standard_number" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">ISO</a> standards by standard number</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>List of <a href="/wiki/List_of_ISO_standards" title="List of ISO standards">ISO standards</a> – <a href="/wiki/List_of_ISO_romanizations" title="List of ISO romanizations">ISO romanizations</a> – <a href="/wiki/List_of_IEC_standards" title="List of IEC standards">IEC standards</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1–9999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO_1" title="ISO 1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2" title="ISO 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renard_series" title="Renard series">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_4" title="ISO 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_speed" title="Film speed">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Standard_Pipe" title="British Standard Pipe">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_9" title="ISO 9">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A440_(pitch_standard)" title="A440 (pitch standard)">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renard_series" title="Renard series">17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31" title="ISO 31">31</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-0" title="ISO 31-0">-0</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-1" title="ISO 31-1">-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-3" title="ISO 31-3">-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-4" title="ISO 31-4">-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-5" title="ISO 31-5">-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-6" title="ISO 31-6">-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-7" title="ISO 31-7">-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-8" title="ISO 31-8">-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-9" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 31-9">-9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-10" title="ISO 31-10">-10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-11" title="ISO 31-11">-11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-12" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 31-12">-12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-13" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 31-13">-13</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_metric_screw_thread" title="ISO metric screw thread">68-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_128" title="ISO 128">128</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_216" title="ISO 216">216</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_217" title="ISO 217">217</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equal-loudness_contour" title="Equal-loudness contour">226</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Standard_Pipe" title="British Standard Pipe">228</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_233" title="ISO 233">233</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_259" title="ISO 259">259</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_metric_screw_thread" title="ISO metric screw thread">261</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_metric_screw_thread" title="ISO metric screw thread">262</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kappa_number" title="Kappa number">302</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vicat_softening_point" title="Vicat softening point">306</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazard_symbol#Ionizing_radiation_symbol" title="Hazard symbol">361</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_take-off" title="Power take-off">500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot_shoe" title="Hot shoe">518</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prontor-Compur" title="Prontor-Compur">519</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_639" title="ISO 639">639</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-1" title="ISO 639-1">-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-2" title="ISO 639-2">-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-5" title="ISO 639-5">-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-6" title="ISO 639-6">-6</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_646" title="ISO/IEC 646">646</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_657" title="ISO 657">657</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_668" title="ISO 668">668</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_690" title="ISO 690">690</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_704" title="ISO 704">704</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_732" title="ISO 732">732</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antimagnetic_watch" title="Antimagnetic watch">764</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hole_punch" title="Hole punch">838</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_843" title="ISO 843">843</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_860" title="ISO 860">860</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_898" title="ISO 898">898</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_965" title="ISO 965">965</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_999" title="ISO 999">999</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_1000" title="ISO 1000">1000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnetic_ink_character_recognition" title="Magnetic ink character recognition">1004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/135_film" title="135 film">1007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OCR-A" title="OCR-A">1073-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OCR-B" title="OCR-B">1073-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longitudinal_redundancy_check" title="Longitudinal redundancy check">1155</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shock-resistant_watch#ISO_1413_shock-resistant_standard" title="Shock-resistant watch">1413</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ALGOL_60" title="ALGOL 60">1538</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_1629" title="ISO 1629">1629</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_1745" title="ISO 1745">1745</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COBOL" title="COBOL">1989</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2014" title="ISO 2014">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2015" title="ISO 2015">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_2022" title="ISO/IEC 2022">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2033" title="ISO 2033">2033</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2047" title="ISO 2047">2047</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">2108</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2145" title="ISO 2145">2145</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2146" title="ISO 2146">2146</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_speed" title="Film speed">2240</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_Resistant_mark" title="Water Resistant mark">2281</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Atmosphere" title="International Standard Atmosphere">2533</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2709" title="ISO 2709">2709</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2711" title="ISO 2711">2711</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_speed" title="Film speed">2720</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2788" title="ISO 2788">2788</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2848" title="ISO 2848">2848</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2852" title="ISO 2852">2852</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2921" title="ISO 2921">2921</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/126_film" title="126 film">3029</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_3103" title="ISO 3103">3103</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">3166</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-1" title="ISO 3166-1">-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2" title="ISO 3166-2">-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-3" title="ISO 3166-3">-3</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">3297</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_3307" title="ISO 3307">3307</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O-ring" title="O-ring">3601</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunrei-shiki_romanization" title="Kunrei-shiki romanization">3602</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_3864" title="ISO 3864">3864</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Recording_Code" title="International Standard Recording Code">3901</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FDI_World_Dental_Federation_notation" title="FDI World Dental Federation notation">3950</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_3977" title="ISO 3977">3977</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_4031" title="ISO 4031">4031</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_4157" title="ISO 4157">4157</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_4165" title="ISO 4165">4165</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">4217</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_4909" title="ISO/IEC 4909">4909</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_5218" title="ISO/IEC 5218">5218</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_5426" title="ISO 5426">5426</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_5427" title="ISO 5427">5427</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_5428" title="ISO 5428">5428</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accuracy_and_precision" title="Accuracy and precision">5725</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_5775" title="ISO 5775">5775</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_5776" title="ISO 5776">5776</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_speed" title="Film speed">5800</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flowchart" title="Flowchart">5807</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_5964" title="ISO 5964">5964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Securities_Identification_Number" title="International Securities Identification Number">6166</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_6344" title="ISO 6344">6344</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_6346" title="ISO 6346">6346</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minimal_BASIC" title="Minimal BASIC">6373</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_6385" title="ISO 6385">6385</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_Resistant_mark" title="Water Resistant mark">6425</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ANSI_escape_code" title="ANSI escape code">6429</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_6438" title="ISO 6438">6438</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_6523" title="ISO/IEC 6523">6523</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_6709" title="ISO 6709">6709</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_6943" title="ISO 6943">6943</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_7001" title="ISO 7001">7001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_7002" title="ISO 7002">7002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_7010" title="ISO 7010">7010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_7027" title="ISO 7027">7027</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_7064" title="ISO/IEC 7064">7064</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">7098</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pascal_(programming_language)" title="Pascal (programming language)">7185</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_7200" title="ISO 7200">7200</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSI_model" title="OSI model">7498</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/OSI_model" title="OSI model">-1</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_7637" title="ISO 7637">7637</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_7736" title="ISO 7736">7736</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_7810" title="ISO/IEC 7810">7810</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_7811" title="ISO/IEC 7811">7811</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_7812" title="ISO/IEC 7812">7812</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_7813" title="ISO/IEC 7813">7813</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_7816" title="ISO/IEC 7816">7816</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphical_Kernel_System" title="Graphical Kernel System">7942</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_8000" title="ISO 8000">8000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On-board_diagnostics" title="On-board diagnostics">8093</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_8178" title="ISO 8178">8178</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuel_oil" title="Fuel oil">8217</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_8373" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 8373">8373</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_8501-1" title="ISO 8501-1">8501-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FTAM" title="FTAM">8571</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_8583" title="ISO 8583">8583</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_8601" title="ISO 8601">8601</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Document_Architecture" title="Open Document Architecture">8613</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_Graphics_Metafile" title="Computer Graphics Metafile">8632</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphical_Kernel_System" title="Graphical Kernel System">8651</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8652" title="ISO/IEC 8652">8652</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_8691" title="ISO 8691">8691</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphical_Kernel_System" title="Graphical Kernel System">8805/8806</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Language_Of_Temporal_Ordering_Specification" class="mw-redirect" title="Language Of Temporal Ordering Specification">8807</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuse_(automotive)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fuse (automotive)">8820-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859" title="ISO/IEC 8859">8859</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-1" title="ISO/IEC 8859-1">-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-2" title="ISO/IEC 8859-2">-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-3" title="ISO/IEC 8859-3">-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-4" title="ISO/IEC 8859-4">-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-5" title="ISO/IEC 8859-5">-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-6" title="ISO/IEC 8859-6">-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-7" title="ISO/IEC 8859-7">-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-8" title="ISO/IEC 8859-8">-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO-8859-8-I" title="ISO-8859-8-I">-8-I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-9" title="ISO/IEC 8859-9">-9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-10" title="ISO/IEC 8859-10">-10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-11" title="ISO/IEC 8859-11">-11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-12" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO/IEC 8859-12">-12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-13" title="ISO/IEC 8859-13">-13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-14" title="ISO/IEC 8859-14">-14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-15" title="ISO/IEC 8859-15">-15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-16" title="ISO/IEC 8859-16">-16</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Generalized_Markup_Language" title="Standard Generalized Markup Language">8879</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_9000" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 9000">9000/9001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASMO_449" title="ASMO 449">9036</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SQL" title="SQL">9075</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_9126" title="ISO/IEC 9126">9126</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On-board_diagnostics" title="On-board diagnostics">9141</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salt_spray_test" title="Salt spray test">9227</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_9241" title="ISO 9241">9241</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File_Allocation_Table" title="File Allocation Table">9293</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiber_Distributed_Data_Interface" title="Fiber Distributed Data Interface">9314</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_9362" title="ISO 9362">9362</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoe_size" title="Shoe size">9407</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CHILL" title="CHILL">9496</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manufacturing_Message_Specification" title="Manufacturing Message Specification">9506</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_9529" title="ISO/IEC 9529">9529</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_9564" title="ISO 9564">9564</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PHIGS" title="PHIGS">9592/9593</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X.500" title="X.500">9594</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_9660" title="ISO 9660">9660</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_9797-1" title="ISO/IEC 9797-1">9797-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_9897" title="ISO 9897">9897</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ANSI_C" title="ANSI C">9899</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/POSIX" title="POSIX">9945</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Georgian" title="Romanization of Georgian">9984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Armenian" title="Romanization of Armenian">9985</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_9995" title="ISO/IEC 9995">9995</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">10000–19999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO_10006" title="ISO 10006">10006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_10007" title="ISO 10007">10007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_10116" title="ISO/IEC 10116">10116</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whirlpool_(hash_function)" title="Whirlpool (hash function)">10118-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_10160" title="ISO 10160">10160</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_10161" title="ISO 10161">10161</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guidelines_for_the_Definition_of_Managed_Objects" title="Guidelines for the Definition of Managed Objects">10165</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Document_Style_Semantics_and_Specification_Language" title="Document Style Semantics and Specification Language">10179</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pascal_(programming_language)#ISO/IEC_10206:1990_Extended_Pascal" title="Pascal (programming language)">10206</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_10218" title="ISO 10218">10218</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Full_BASIC" title="Full BASIC">10279</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_10303" title="ISO 10303">10303</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/EXPRESS_(data_modeling_language)" title="EXPRESS (data modeling language)">-11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_10303-21" title="ISO 10303-21">-21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_10303-22" title="ISO 10303-22">-22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_10303-28" title="ISO 10303-28">-28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STEP-NC" title="STEP-NC">-238</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_Identifier_Code" title="Market Identifier Code">10383</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ArmSCII" title="ArmSCII">10585</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IS-IS" title="IS-IS">10589</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_10628" title="ISO 10628">10628</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Coded_Character_Set" title="Universal Coded Character Set">10646</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torx" title="Torx">10664</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RM-ODP" title="RM-ODP">10746</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multibus" title="Multibus">10861</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Music_Number" title="International Standard Music Number">10957</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_10962" title="ISO 10962">10962</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_10967" title="ISO/IEC 10967">10967</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEEE_11073" title="ISO/IEEE 11073">11073</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_11170" title="ISO 11170">11170</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-1" title="MPEG-1">11172</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_11179" title="ISO/IEC 11179">11179</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_11404" title="ISO/IEC 11404">11404</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JBIG" title="JBIG">11544</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_11783" title="ISO 11783">11783</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_11784_and_ISO_11785" title="ISO 11784 and ISO 11785">11784</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_11784_and_ISO_11785" title="ISO 11784 and ISO 11785">11785</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_11801" title="ISO/IEC 11801">11801</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trusted_Platform_Module" title="Trusted Platform Module">11889</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CAN_bus#CAN_lower-layer_standards" title="CAN bus">11898</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_11940" title="ISO 11940">11940</a> (<a href="/wiki/ISO_11940-2" title="ISO 11940-2">-2</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/TR_11941" title="ISO/TR 11941">11941</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/TR_11941" title="ISO/TR 11941">11941 (TR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_11992" title="ISO 11992">11992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_12006" title="ISO 12006">12006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DICOM" title="DICOM">12052</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_TR_12182" title="ISO/IEC TR 12182">12182</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_12207" title="ISO/IEC 12207">12207</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TIFF/EP" title="TIFF/EP">12234-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linguistic_categories#ISO_12620_(ISO_TC37_Data_Category_Registry,_ISOcat)" title="Linguistic categories">12620</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prolog" title="Prolog">13211</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prolog" title="Prolog">-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prolog" title="Prolog">-2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isofix" title="Isofix">13216</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topic_map" title="Topic map">13250</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_13399" title="ISO 13399">13399</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_13406-2" title="ISO 13406-2">13406-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/110_film" title="110 film">13450</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_13485" title="ISO 13485">13485</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_13490" title="ISO 13490">13490</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_13567" title="ISO 13567">13567</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z_notation" title="Z notation">13568</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_13584" title="ISO 13584">13584</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Bank_Account_Number" title="International Bank Account Number">13616</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISLISP" title="ISLISP">13816</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-2" title="MPEG-2">13818</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_14000" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 14000">14000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_14031" title="ISO 14031">14031</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_14224" title="ISO 14224">14224</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PDF/UA" title="PDF/UA">14289</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horsepower" title="Horsepower">14396</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_14443" title="ISO/IEC 14443">14443</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-4" title="MPEG-4">14496</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-4_Part_2" title="MPEG-4 Part 2">-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-4_Part_3" title="MPEG-4 Part 3">-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delivery_Multimedia_Integration_Framework" title="Delivery Multimedia Integration Framework">-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Video_Coding" title="Advanced Video Coding">-10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-4_Part_11" title="MPEG-4 Part 11">-11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_base_media_file_format" title="ISO base media file format">-12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MP4_file_format" title="MP4 file format">-14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MP4_file_format" title="MP4 file format">-17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MP4_file_format" title="MP4 file format">-20</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_14617" title="ISO 14617">14617</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_14644" title="ISO 14644">14644</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STEP-NC" title="STEP-NC">14649</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_14651" title="ISO/IEC 14651">14651</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_14698" title="ISO 14698">14698</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_maintenance" title="Software maintenance">14764</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++">14882</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_14971" title="ISO 14971">14971</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_15022" title="ISO 15022">15022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_15189" title="ISO 15189">15189</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_15288" title="ISO/IEC 15288">15288</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ada_Semantic_Interface_Specification" title="Ada Semantic Interface Specification">15291</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_15398" title="ISO 15398">15398</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Criteria" title="Common Criteria">15408</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_2000" title="JPEG 2000">15444</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Motion_JPEG_2000" title="Motion JPEG 2000">-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPIP" title="JPIP">-9</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">15445</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PDF417" title="PDF417">15438</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_15504" title="ISO/IEC 15504">15504</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Identifier_for_Libraries_and_Related_Organizations" title="International Standard Identifier for Libraries and Related Organizations">15511</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_15686" title="ISO 15686">15686</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_15693" title="ISO/IEC 15693">15693</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Audiovisual_Number" title="International Standard Audiovisual Number">15706</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Audiovisual_Number" title="International Standard Audiovisual Number">-2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Musical_Work_Code" title="International Standard Musical Work Code">15707</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_15897" title="ISO/IEC 15897">15897</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_15919" title="ISO 15919">15919</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_15924" title="ISO 15924">15924</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_15926" title="ISO 15926">15926</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_15926_WIP" title="ISO 15926 WIP">15926 WIP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PDF/X" title="PDF/X">15930</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-7" title="MPEG-7">15938</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MaxiCode" title="MaxiCode">16023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ECMAScript" title="ECMAScript">16262</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quality_function_deployment" title="Quality function deployment">16355-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixed_raster_content" title="Mixed raster content">16485</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PDF/VT" title="PDF/VT">16612-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_16750" title="ISO 16750">16750</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IATF_16949" title="IATF 16949">16949 (TS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_17024" title="ISO/IEC 17024">17024</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_17025" title="ISO/IEC 17025">17025</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_17100" title="ISO 17100">17100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Virtualization_Format" title="Open Virtualization Format">17203</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SDMX" title="SDMX">17369</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_Entity_Identifier" title="Legal Entity Identifier">17442</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COLLADA" title="COLLADA">17506</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_27002" title="ISO/IEC 27002">17799</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QR_code" title="QR code">18004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_18014" title="ISO/IEC 18014">18014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_XL" title="JPEG XL">18181</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_18245" title="ISO 18245">18245</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Process_Specification_Language" title="Process Specification Language">18629</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photographic_Activity_Test" title="Photographic Activity Test">18916</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PDF/A" title="PDF/A">19005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_19011" title="ISO 19011">19011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_19092-1" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 19092-1">19092</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO_19092-1" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 19092-1">-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_19092-2" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 19092-2">-2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_19114" title="ISO 19114">19114</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geospatial_metadata#ISO_19115:_Geographic_information_–_Metadata" title="Geospatial metadata">19115</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simple_Features" title="Simple Features">19125</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_Markup_Language#ISO_19136" title="Geography Markup Language">19136</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoe_size" title="Shoe size">19407</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_19439" title="ISO 19439">19439</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Object_Request_Broker_Architecture" title="Common Object Request Broker Architecture">19500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unified_Modeling_Language" title="Unified Modeling Language">19501</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meta-Object_Facility" title="Meta-Object Facility">19502</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XML_Metadata_Interchange" title="XML Metadata Interchange">19503</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unified_Modeling_Language" title="Unified Modeling Language">19505</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knowledge_Discovery_Metamodel" title="Knowledge Discovery Metamodel">19506</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Object_Constraint_Language" title="Object Constraint Language">19507</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meta-Object_Facility" title="Meta-Object Facility">19508</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XML_Metadata_Interchange" title="XML Metadata Interchange">19509</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Business_Process_Model_and_Notation" title="Business Process Model and Notation">19510</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_19600" title="ISO 19600">19600</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_19752" title="ISO/IEC 19752">19752</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RELAX_NG" title="RELAX NG">19757</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_19770" title="ISO/IEC 19770">19770</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X3D" title="X3D">19775-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_19794-5" title="ISO/IEC 19794-5">19794-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloud_Infrastructure_Management_Interface" title="Cloud Infrastructure Management Interface">19831</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">20000–29999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_20000" title="ISO/IEC 20000">20000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_20022" title="ISO 20022">20022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_20121" title="ISO 20121">20121</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_20400" title="ISO 20400">20400</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Data_Protocol" title="Open Data Protocol">20802</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Han_Xin_code" title="Han Xin code">20830</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-21" title="MPEG-21">21000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_21001" title="ISO 21001">21001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Text_Code" title="International Standard Text Code">21047</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_XS" title="JPEG XS">21122</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_21500" title="ISO 21500">21500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_21827" title="ISO/IEC 21827">21827</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_22000" title="ISO 22000">22000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ECMAScript" title="ECMAScript">22275</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_22300" title="ISO 22300">22300</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_22301" title="ISO 22301">22301</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_22395" title="ISO 22395">22395</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ECMAScript_for_XML" title="ECMAScript for XML">22537</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-A" title="MPEG-A">23000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-D" title="MPEG-D">23003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-H" title="MPEG-H">23008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynamic_Adaptive_Streaming_over_HTTP" title="Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP">23009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Versatile_Video_Coding" title="Versatile Video Coding">23090-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-G" title="MPEG-G">23092</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essential_Video_Coding" title="Essential Video Coding">23094-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LCEVC" title="LCEVC">23094-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C_Sharp_(programming_language)" title="C Sharp (programming language)">23270</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Language_Infrastructure" title="Common Language Infrastructure">23271</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linux_Standard_Base" title="Linux Standard Base">23360</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rectangular_Micro_QR_Code" title="Rectangular Micro QR Code">23941</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PDF/E" title="PDF/E">24517</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lexical_Markup_Framework" title="Lexical Markup Framework">24613</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO-TimeML" title="ISO-TimeML">24617</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Logic" title="Common Logic">24707</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MicroPDF417" title="MicroPDF417">24728</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_25178" title="ISO 25178">25178</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_25964" title="ISO 25964">25964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_26000" title="ISO 26000">26000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_26262" title="ISO 26262">26262</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenDocument" title="OpenDocument">26300</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">26324</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_27000-series" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO/IEC 27000-series">27000 series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_27000" title="ISO/IEC 27000">27000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_27001" title="ISO/IEC 27001">27001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_27002" title="ISO/IEC 27002">27002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_27005" title="ISO/IEC 27005">27005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_27006" title="ISO/IEC 27006">27006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Name_Identifier" title="International Standard Name Identifier">27729</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_28000" title="ISO 28000">28000</a></li> <li>29110</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Requirements_engineering" title="Requirements engineering">29148</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_XR" title="JPEG XR">29199-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_Open_XML" title="Office Open XML">29500</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">30000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ruby_(programming_language)" title="Ruby (programming language)">30170</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31000" title="ISO 31000">31000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PDF" title="PDF">32000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_37001" title="ISO 37001">37001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_38500" title="ISO/IEC 38500">38500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graph_Query_Language" title="Graph Query Language">39075</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_Content_Accessibility_Guidelines" title="Web Content Accessibility Guidelines">40500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_42010" title="ISO/IEC 42010">42010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_45001" title="ISO 45001">45001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_50001" title="ISO 50001">50001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_55000" title="ISO 55000">55000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_56000" title="ISO 56000">56000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_80000" title="ISO/IEC 80000">80000</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:ISO_standards" title="Category:ISO standards">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Social_and_environmental_accountability" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Social_accountability" title="Template:Social accountability"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Social_accountability" title="Template talk:Social accountability"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Social_accountability" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Social accountability"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Social_and_environmental_accountability" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Social_accounting#Formal_accountability" title="Social accounting">Social</a> and <a href="/wiki/Environmental_accounting" title="Environmental accounting">environmental</a> <a href="/wiki/Accountability" title="Accountability">accountability</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Business_ethics" title="Business ethics">Ethics</a> and principles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aarhus_Convention" title="Aarhus Convention">Aarhus Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_justice" title="Climate justice">Climate justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporate_crime" title="Corporate crime">Corporate accountability</a> / <a href="/wiki/Corporate_behaviour" title="Corporate behaviour">behaviour</a> / <a href="/wiki/Corporate_environmental_responsibility" title="Corporate environmental responsibility">environmental responsibility</a> / <a href="/wiki/Corporate_responsibility" title="Corporate responsibility">responsibility</a> / <a href="/wiki/Corporate_social_responsibility" title="Corporate social responsibility">social responsibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirty_hands" class="mw-redirect" title="Dirty hands">Dirty hands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_racism" title="Environmental racism">Environmental racism</a> / <a href="/wiki/Environmental_racism_in_Russia" title="Environmental racism in Russia">in Russia</a> / <a href="/wiki/Environmental_racism_in_the_United_States" title="Environmental racism in the United States">in the United States</a> / <a href="/wiki/Environmental_racism_in_Western_Europe" title="Environmental racism in Western Europe">in Western Europe</a> / <a href="/wiki/Environmental_inequality_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Environmental inequality in the United Kingdom"> inequality in the UK</a> / <a href="/wiki/Environmental_injustice_in_Europe" title="Environmental injustice in Europe">injustice in Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethical_banking" title="Ethical banking">Ethical banking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethical_code" title="Ethical code">Ethical code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extended_producer_responsibility" title="Extended producer responsibility">Extended producer responsibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Externality" title="Externality">Externality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harm" title="Harm">Harm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Eichmanns" title="Little Eichmanns">Little Eichmanns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loss_and_damage" class="mw-redirect" title="Loss and damage">Loss and damage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organizational_ethics" title="Organizational ethics">Organizational ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organizational_justice" title="Organizational 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(behavior)">social)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Global_Compact" title="United Nations Global Compact">UN Global Compact</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:OilCleanupAfterValdezSpill.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Clean up after the Exxon Valdez oil spill"><img alt="Clean up after the Exxon Valdez oil spill" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/OilCleanupAfterValdezSpill.jpg/125px-OilCleanupAfterValdezSpill.jpg" decoding="async" width="125" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/OilCleanupAfterValdezSpill.jpg/188px-OilCleanupAfterValdezSpill.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/OilCleanupAfterValdezSpill.jpg/250px-OilCleanupAfterValdezSpill.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="259" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Social_accounting" title="Social accounting">Social accounting</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corporate_crime" title="Corporate crime">Corporate crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_bottom_line" title="Double bottom line">Double bottom line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethical_positioning_index" title="Ethical positioning index">Ethical positioning index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higg_Index" title="Higg Index">Higg Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_assessment" title="Impact assessment">Impact assessment</a> (<a href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_assessment" title="Environmental impact assessment">environmental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equality_impact_assessment" title="Equality impact assessment">equality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_impact_assessment" title="Social impact assessment">social</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_26000" title="ISO 26000">ISO 26000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_45001" title="ISO 45001">ISO 45001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genuine_progress_indicator" title="Genuine progress indicator">Genuine progress indicator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Performance_indicator" title="Performance indicator">Performance indicator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SA8000" title="SA8000">SA8000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_return_on_investment" title="Social return on investment">Social return on investment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whole-life_cost" title="Whole-life cost">Whole-life cost</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Environmental_accounting" title="Environmental accounting">Environmental accounting</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_accounting" title="Carbon accounting">Carbon accounting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eco-Management_and_Audit_Scheme" title="Eco-Management and Audit Scheme">Eco-Management and Audit Scheme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emission_inventory" title="Emission inventory">Emission inventory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_full-cost_accounting" title="Environmental full-cost accounting">Environmental full-cost accounting</a> / <a href="/wiki/Environmental_conflict" title="Environmental conflict">Environmental conflict</a> / <a href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_assessment" title="Environmental impact assessment">impact assessment</a> / <a href="/wiki/Environmental_management_system" title="Environmental management system">management system</a> / <a href="/wiki/Environmental_profit_and_loss_account" title="Environmental profit and loss account">profit-and-loss account</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_14000" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 14000">ISO 14000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_14031" title="ISO 14031">ISO 14031</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life-cycle_assessment" title="Life-cycle assessment">Life-cycle assessment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pollutant_release_and_transfer_register" title="Pollutant release and transfer register">Pollutant release and transfer register</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainability_accounting" title="Sustainability accounting">Sustainability accounting</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sustainability_measurement" title="Sustainability measurement">measurement</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sustainability_metrics_and_indices" title="Sustainability metrics and indices">metrics and indices</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sustainability_standards_and_certification" title="Sustainability standards and certification">standards and certification</a> / <a href="/wiki/Supply_chain_sustainability" title="Supply chain sustainability">supply chain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toxics_Release_Inventory" title="Toxics Release Inventory">Toxics Release Inventory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triple_bottom_line" title="Triple bottom line">Triple bottom line</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Reporting</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Global_Reporting_Initiative" title="Global Reporting Initiative">Global Reporting Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GxP" title="GxP">GxP guidelines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainability_reporting" title="Sustainability reporting">Sustainability reporting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Audit" title="Audit">Auditing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Community-based_monitoring" title="Community-based monitoring">Community-based monitoring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_audit" title="Environmental audit">Environmental</a> (<a href="/wiki/Environmental_certification" title="Environmental certification">certification</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fair_trade" title="Fair trade">Fair trade</a> (<a href="/wiki/Fair_trade_certification" title="Fair trade certification">certification</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_19011" title="ISO 19011">ISO 19011</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accord_on_Fire_and_Building_Safety_in_Bangladesh" title="Accord on Fire and Building Safety in Bangladesh">Bangladesh Accord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benefit_corporation" title="Benefit corporation">Benefit corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_labour" title="Child labour">Child labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_interest_company" title="Community interest company">Community interest company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conflict_of_interest" title="Conflict of interest">Conflict of interest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disaster" title="Disaster">Disasters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disinvestment" title="Disinvestment">Disinvestment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecolabel" title="Ecolabel">Eco-labeling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_degradation" title="Environmental degradation">Environmental degradation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_pricing_reform" title="Environmental pricing reform">Environmental pricing reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental,_social,_and_corporate_governance" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental, social, and corporate governance">Environmental, social, and corporate governance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethical_consumerism" title="Ethical consumerism">Ethical consumerism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euthenics" title="Euthenics">Euthenics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_justice_movement" title="Global justice movement">Global justice movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_impact_assessment" title="Health impact assessment">Health impact assessment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_governance_mechanism" title="Market governance mechanism">Market governance mechanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Product_certification" title="Product certification">Product certification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_participation" title="Public participation">Public participation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SDG_Publishers_Compact" title="SDG Publishers Compact">SDG Publishers Compact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_enterprise" title="Social enterprise">Social enterprise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socially_responsible_business" title="Socially responsible business">Socially responsible business</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socially_responsible_investing" title="Socially responsible investing">Socially responsible investing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socially_responsible_marketing" title="Socially responsible marketing">Socially responsible marketing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stakeholder_(corporate)" title="Stakeholder (corporate)">Stakeholder</a> (<a href="/wiki/Stakeholder_engagement" title="Stakeholder engagement">engagement</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supply_chain_management" title="Supply chain management">Supply chain management</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Environment" title="Portal:Environment">Environment portal</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Social_responsibility" title="Category:Social responsibility">Category</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Social_accountability" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Social accountability">Commons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Social_responsibility_organizations" title="Category:Social responsibility organizations">Organizations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121827734">ISNI</a><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000104117001">2</a></li></ul></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/149705257">VIAF</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1008314-5">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79034445">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb118710878">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb118710878">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00288472">Japan</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35232591">Australia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ko2003181181&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX102045">Spain</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/12250">Portugal</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90070488">Norway</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000019043&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000016281&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=57155">Greece</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external 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