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More than fifty percent of this research corresponds to " cannabinoids and brain " , particularly about neurodegeneration. In this sense, there is evidence... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_25690242" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Research on cannabinoids has been growing significantly in the last five years. More than fifty percent of this research corresponds to " cannabinoids and brain " , particularly about neurodegeneration. In this sense, there is evidence reporting that specific phyto cannabinoids show some specific action on each one of main pathogenic mechanisms involved in neurodegeneration such as oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and excitotoxicity. However, by using the same targets, cannabinoids may also induce the opposite effects, this is, excitotoxicity and inflammation. In fact, both tetrahydro cannabinol and cannabidiol activate cannabinoid receptors, but they also may act as antagonists of those receptors. It seems to be a dose-dependent issue; nonetheless, as reviewed in this paper, many other factors such as timing, type of cell and its state of activity even the activation of different, non-cannabinoid receptorsseem to have a role related to those unexpected antagonic effects.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/25690242" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6a41685adc85034c60cdb2b43af14654" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46032029,"asset_id":25690242,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46032029/download_file?st=MTczMjc0MTA1Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="19449" href="https://guadalajara.academia.edu/LeonardoHernandez">Leonardo Hernandez</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="19449" type="text/json">{"id":19449,"first_name":"Leonardo","last_name":"Hernandez","domain_name":"guadalajara","page_name":"LeonardoHernandez","display_name":"Leonardo Hernandez","profile_url":"https://guadalajara.academia.edu/LeonardoHernandez?f_ri=41788","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/19449/6545/14738391/s65_leonardo.hernandez.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-25690242">+2</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-25690242"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/SERGIOROSALES12">SERGIO ROSALES</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://universidaddeguadalajara.academia.edu/ManuelGallegos">Manuel Gallegos</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-25690242'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-25690242').html(); 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It seems to be a dose-dependent issue; nonetheless, as reviewed in this paper, many other factors such as timing, type of cell and its state of activity even the activation of different, non-cannabinoid receptorsseem to have a role related to those unexpected antagonic effects.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":46032029,"asset_id":25690242,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":19449,"first_name":"Leonardo","last_name":"Hernandez","domain_name":"guadalajara","page_name":"LeonardoHernandez","display_name":"Leonardo Hernandez","profile_url":"https://guadalajara.academia.edu/LeonardoHernandez?f_ri=41788","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/19449/6545/14738391/s65_leonardo.hernandez.jpg"},{"id":41685648,"first_name":"SERGIO","last_name":"ROSALES","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SERGIOROSALES12","display_name":"SERGIO 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class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_76446808" data-work_id="76446808" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/76446808/Use_of_Cannabinoids_in_Cancer_Care_Palliative_Care">Use of Cannabinoids in Cancer Care: Palliative Care</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">All too often neglected, maximal quality improvement in the setting of life-limiting illness and noxious symptomatology is a worthy medical, public health, and humanitarian goal [...]</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" 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InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="655427" href="https://washington.academia.edu/SunilAggarwal">Sunil Aggarwal</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="655427" type="text/json">{"id":655427,"first_name":"Sunil","last_name":"Aggarwal","domain_name":"washington","page_name":"SunilAggarwal","display_name":"Sunil Aggarwal","profile_url":"https://washington.academia.edu/SunilAggarwal?f_ri=41788","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/655427/227342/265970/s65_sunil.aggarwal.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_76446808 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="76446808"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 76446808, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_76446808", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_76446808 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 76446808; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_76446808"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_76446808 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="76446808"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 76446808; 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type="text/json">{"id":626,"name":"Oncology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oncology?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4079" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integrative_Medicine">Integrative Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4079" type="text/json">{"id":4079,"name":"Integrative Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integrative_Medicine?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4482" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Palliative_Care">Palliative Care</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4482" type="text/json">{"id":4482,"name":"Palliative Care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Palliative_Care?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26327" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine">Medicine</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="26327" 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class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/67841619/Chronic_cannabinoid_administration_alters_cannabinoid_receptor_binding_in_rat_brain_a_quantitative_autoradiographic_study">Chronic cannabinoid administration alters cannabinoid receptor binding in rat brain: a quantitative autoradiographic study</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The active ingredient of marijuana is(−)-Δ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol(Δ 9 -THC).Δ 9 -THC and other natural and synthetic cannabinoids such as CP-55, 940 inhibit spontaneous activity and produce catalepsy in animals in a receptor-mediated... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_67841619" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The active ingredient of marijuana is(−)-Δ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol(Δ 9 -THC).Δ 9 -THC and other natural and synthetic cannabinoids such as CP-55, 940 inhibit spontaneous activity and produce catalepsy in animals in a receptor-mediated fashion. 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Care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Palliative_Care?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="41788" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cannabinoids">Cannabinoids</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="41788" type="text/json">{"id":41788,"name":"Cannabinoids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cannabinoids?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="97269" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chronic_Disease">Chronic Disease</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="97269" type="text/json">{"id":97269,"name":"Chronic Disease","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chronic_Disease?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=57123536]'), work: {"id":57123536,"title":"Uso de canabinóides na dor crônica e em cuidados 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of the Rat</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/38897658" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="06dff59b7d91d3135ccf719b6576eb16" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":58998257,"asset_id":38897658,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58998257/download_file?st=MTczMjc0MTA1Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="42561911" href="https://independent.academia.edu/YukioHomma">Yukio Homma</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="42561911" type="text/json">{"id":42561911,"first_name":"Yukio","last_name":"Homma","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"YukioHomma","display_name":"Yukio Homma","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/YukioHomma?f_ri=41788","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_38897658 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="38897658"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38897658, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_38897658", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_38897658 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38897658; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_38897658"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_38897658 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="38897658"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38897658; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38897658]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_38897658").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_38897658").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="38897658"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">16</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="41788" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cannabinoids">Cannabinoids</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="41788" type="text/json">{"id":41788,"name":"Cannabinoids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cannabinoids?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="62286" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CGRP">CGRP</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="62286" type="text/json">{"id":62286,"name":"CGRP","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CGRP?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="97056" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Medicine">Clinical Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="97056" type="text/json">{"id":97056,"name":"Clinical Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Medicine?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="198122" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Endocannabinoid_System">Endocannabinoid System</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="198122" type="text/json">{"id":198122,"name":"Endocannabinoid System","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Endocannabinoid_System?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=38897658]'), work: {"id":38897658,"title":"Inhibition of Peripheral Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase Depresses Activities of Bladder Mechanosensitive Nerve Fibers of the 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Velocity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conduction_Velocity?f_ri=41788"},{"id":787310,"name":"Endocannabinoids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Endocannabinoids?f_ri=41788"},{"id":801412,"name":"Pyrazoles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pyrazoles?f_ri=41788"},{"id":1880638,"name":"Piperidines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Piperidines?f_ri=41788"},{"id":1902592,"name":"Urinary Bladder","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urinary_Bladder?f_ri=41788"},{"id":2207364,"name":"Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Calcitonin_Gene-Related_Peptide?f_ri=41788"},{"id":2897521,"name":"urination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/urination?f_ri=41788"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_33863268" data-work_id="33863268" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/33863268/Organic_Fair_Trade_Pot_The_State_of_Ethical_Consumerism_in_Portlands_Recreational_Marijuana_Sector">Organic, Fair Trade Pot? The State of Ethical Consumerism in Portland's Recreational Marijuana Sector</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This article is organized as follows. The background section describes the case of newly legalized recreational marijuana. It introduces Portland, Oregon as a hub of ethical consumerism and environmental mobilization; outlines the status... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_33863268" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This article is organized as follows. The background section describes the case of newly legalized recreational marijuana. It introduces Portland, Oregon as a hub of ethical consumerism and environmental mobilization; outlines the status of recreational marijuana in Oregon and in the United States; highlights environmental issues related to the cannabis production; and describes an uptick in ethical consumerism of other recreational drugs in the United States. Next, the theoretical framework organizes extant research on political consumerism and suggests how this study may contribute to knowledge on emerging industries, the role of stigmas in framing, and power dynamics at the retail level of analysis. Following, the methodology section describes the three methods used in this study: qualitative analysis of internet research, networking, and semistructured interviews; quantitative analysis of data collected at a random sample of 64 dispensaries; and spatial and statistical analysis relating the dispensary findings to sociodemographic indicators. The findings section offers what the author believes to be the first account of ethical consumerism in the licit recreational marijuana sector. It demonstrates that there is, indeed, a nascent “political consumerism movement” in the licit, recreational marijuana sector. The movement is largely industrydriven and is marked by an absence of third sector actors (such as environmental NGOs, fair trade certification organizations, and agricultural justice advocates). Mobilization efforts are challenged by two distinct stigmas: cannabis cultivation as a “natural” (and thus necessarily environmentallyfriendly) process, and the marijuana industry as a “criminal” enterprise (which may deter potential allies). Interestingly, the distribution of “ethical” pot is quite consistent across neighborhoods of different socioeconomic compositionsin contrast to most ethicallyoriented products. The paper closes with a discussion of these findings, their implications, and suggestions for further research.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/33863268" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="210503b9752acdb31a10002da5412895" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":53841881,"asset_id":33863268,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53841881/download_file?st=MTczMjc0MTA1Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="42339735" href="https://lclark.academia.edu/EBennett">Elizabeth Bennett</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="42339735" type="text/json">{"id":42339735,"first_name":"Elizabeth","last_name":"Bennett","domain_name":"lclark","page_name":"EBennett","display_name":"Elizabeth Bennett","profile_url":"https://lclark.academia.edu/EBennett?f_ri=41788","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/42339735/17138672/17291763/s65_elizabeth.bennett.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_33863268 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="33863268"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 33863268, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_33863268", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33863268]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_33863268").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_33863268").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="33863268"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5274" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethical_Consumption">Ethical Consumption</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5274" type="text/json">{"id":5274,"name":"Ethical Consumption","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethical_Consumption?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="41788" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cannabinoids">Cannabinoids</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="41788" type="text/json">{"id":41788,"name":"Cannabinoids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cannabinoids?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="46388" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_consumerism">Political consumerism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="46388" type="text/json">{"id":46388,"name":"Political consumerism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_consumerism?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="105711" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_ethical_Consumption">Sustainable/ethical Consumption</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="105711" type="text/json">{"id":105711,"name":"Sustainable/ethical Consumption","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_ethical_Consumption?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=33863268]'), work: {"id":33863268,"title":"Organic, Fair Trade Pot? The State of Ethical Consumerism in Portland's Recreational Marijuana Sector","created_at":"2017-07-12T16:04:48.818-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/33863268/Organic_Fair_Trade_Pot_The_State_of_Ethical_Consumerism_in_Portlands_Recreational_Marijuana_Sector?f_ri=41788","dom_id":"work_33863268","summary":"This article is organized as follows. The background section describes the case of newly legalized recreational marijuana. It introduces Portland, Oregon as a hub of ethical consumerism and environmental mobilization; outlines the status of recreational marijuana in Oregon and in the United States; highlights environmental issues related to the cannabis production; and describes an uptick in ethical consumerism of other recreational drugs in the United States. Next, the theoretical framework organizes extant research on political consumerism and suggests how this study may contribute to knowledge on emerging industries, the role of stigmas in framing, and power dynamics at the retail level of analysis. Following, the methodology section describes the three methods used in this study: qualitative analysis of internet research, networking, and semistructured interviews; quantitative analysis of data collected at a random sample of 64 dispensaries; and spatial and statistical analysis relating the dispensary findings to sociodemographic indicators. The findings section offers what the author believes to be the first account of ethical consumerism in the licit recreational marijuana sector. It demonstrates that there is, indeed, a nascent “political consumerism movement” in the licit, recreational marijuana sector. The movement is largely industrydriven and is marked by an absence of third sector actors (such as environmental NGOs, fair trade certification organizations, and agricultural justice advocates). Mobilization efforts are challenged by two distinct stigmas: cannabis cultivation as a “natural” (and thus necessarily environmentallyfriendly) process, and the marijuana industry as a “criminal” enterprise (which may deter potential allies). Interestingly, the distribution of “ethical” pot is quite consistent across neighborhoods of different socioeconomic compositionsin contrast to most ethicallyoriented products. The paper closes with a discussion of these findings, their implications, and suggestions for further research.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":53841881,"asset_id":33863268,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":42339735,"first_name":"Elizabeth","last_name":"Bennett","domain_name":"lclark","page_name":"EBennett","display_name":"Elizabeth Bennett","profile_url":"https://lclark.academia.edu/EBennett?f_ri=41788","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/42339735/17138672/17291763/s65_elizabeth.bennett.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":5274,"name":"Ethical Consumption","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethical_Consumption?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false},{"id":41788,"name":"Cannabinoids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cannabinoids?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false},{"id":46388,"name":"Political consumerism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_consumerism?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false},{"id":105711,"name":"Sustainable/ethical Consumption","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_ethical_Consumption?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false},{"id":238724,"name":"Cannabis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cannabis?f_ri=41788"},{"id":493437,"name":"Legalize Cannabis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Legalize_Cannabis?f_ri=41788"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_11453236" data-work_id="11453236" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/11453236/Differential_effect_of_cannabinoid_agonists_and_endocannabinoids_on_histamine_release_from_distinct_regions_of_the_rat_brain">Differential effect of cannabinoid agonists and endocannabinoids on histamine release from distinct regions of the rat brain</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/11453236" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8e76341f31e273acfc0c9ea44eccfdc4" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46699545,"asset_id":11453236,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46699545/download_file?st=MTczMjc0MTA1Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="27885150" href="https://unimes.academia.edu/PatriziaGiannoni">Patrizia Giannoni</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="27885150" type="text/json">{"id":27885150,"first_name":"Patrizia","last_name":"Giannoni","domain_name":"unimes","page_name":"PatriziaGiannoni","display_name":"Patrizia Giannoni","profile_url":"https://unimes.academia.edu/PatriziaGiannoni?f_ri=41788","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/27885150/16126826/16576979/s65_patrizia.giannoni.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_11453236 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="11453236"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 11453236, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_11453236", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_11453236 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 11453236; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_11453236"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_11453236 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="11453236"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 11453236; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=11453236]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_11453236").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_11453236").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="11453236"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">21</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="221" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology">Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="221" type="text/json">{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="237" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="237" type="text/json">{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12071" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunohistochemistry">Immunohistochemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12071" type="text/json">{"id":12071,"name":"Immunohistochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunohistochemistry?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="41788" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cannabinoids">Cannabinoids</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="41788" type="text/json">{"id":41788,"name":"Cannabinoids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cannabinoids?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=11453236]'), work: {"id":11453236,"title":"Differential effect of cannabinoid agonists and endocannabinoids on histamine release from distinct regions of the rat brain","created_at":"2015-03-16T01:11:05.280-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/11453236/Differential_effect_of_cannabinoid_agonists_and_endocannabinoids_on_histamine_release_from_distinct_regions_of_the_rat_brain?f_ri=41788","dom_id":"work_11453236","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":46699545,"asset_id":11453236,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":27885150,"first_name":"Patrizia","last_name":"Giannoni","domain_name":"unimes","page_name":"PatriziaGiannoni","display_name":"Patrizia Giannoni","profile_url":"https://unimes.academia.edu/PatriziaGiannoni?f_ri=41788","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/27885150/16126826/16576979/s65_patrizia.giannoni.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false},{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false},{"id":12071,"name":"Immunohistochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunohistochemistry?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false},{"id":41788,"name":"Cannabinoids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cannabinoids?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false},{"id":51569,"name":"Histamine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Histamine?f_ri=41788"},{"id":60436,"name":"Cell Differentiation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Differentiation?f_ri=41788"},{"id":95704,"name":"Hypothalamus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hypothalamus?f_ri=41788"},{"id":165467,"name":"Rat Brain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rat_Brain?f_ri=41788"},{"id":246560,"name":"High Pressure Liquid Chromatography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/High_Pressure_Liquid_Chromatography?f_ri=41788"},{"id":279027,"name":"European","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European?f_ri=41788"},{"id":284977,"name":"Microdialysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microdialysis?f_ri=41788"},{"id":294768,"name":"Wakefulness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wakefulness?f_ri=41788"},{"id":375054,"name":"Rats","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rats?f_ri=41788"},{"id":413194,"name":"Analysis of Variance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analysis_of_Variance?f_ri=41788"},{"id":413195,"name":"Time Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Time_Factors?f_ri=41788"},{"id":787310,"name":"Endocannabinoids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Endocannabinoids?f_ri=41788"},{"id":801412,"name":"Pyrazoles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pyrazoles?f_ri=41788"},{"id":1239755,"name":"Neurosciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurosciences?f_ri=41788"},{"id":1422473,"name":"Bicuculline","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bicuculline?f_ri=41788"},{"id":1619808,"name":"Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gamma-Aminobutyric_Acid?f_ri=41788"},{"id":1880638,"name":"Piperidines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Piperidines?f_ri=41788"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_74409834" data-work_id="74409834" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/74409834/Functional_role_for_cannabinoids_in_respiratory_stability_during_sleep">Functional role for cannabinoids in respiratory stability during sleep</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Serotonin, acting in the peripheral nervous system, can exacerbate sleep-related apnea, and systemically administered serotonin antagonists reduce sleep-disordered respiration in rats and bulldogs. Because cannabinoid receptor agonists... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_74409834" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Serotonin, acting in the peripheral nervous system, can exacerbate sleep-related apnea, and systemically administered serotonin antagonists reduce sleep-disordered respiration in rats and bulldogs. Because cannabinoid receptor agonists are known to inhibit the excitatory effects of serotonin on nodose ganglion cells, we examined the effects of endogenous (oleamide) and exogenous (delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol; delta9THC) cannabimimetic agents on sleep-related apnea. Sleep architecture, respiratory pattern, and apnea expression in rats were assessed by polysomnography. A repeated measures, within-subjects, fully nested crossover design was used in which each animal was recorded on exactly 12 occasions. Eleven adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were instrumented for chronic polysomnography. Animals were recorded following intraperitoneal injection of various doses of delta9THC, oleamide, and serotonin, alone and in combination. Our data show that delta9THC and oleamide each stabilized respi...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/74409834" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b01bbd2799bf4a429bc55bf7675c76ad" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":82573192,"asset_id":74409834,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/82573192/download_file?st=MTczMjc0MTA1Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="36914057" href="https://uic.academia.edu/DavidCarley">David Carley</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="36914057" type="text/json">{"id":36914057,"first_name":"David","last_name":"Carley","domain_name":"uic","page_name":"DavidCarley","display_name":"David Carley","profile_url":"https://uic.academia.edu/DavidCarley?f_ri=41788","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/36914057/10529065/11750109/s65_david.carley.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_74409834 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="74409834"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 74409834, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_74409834", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=74409834]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_74409834").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_74409834").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="74409834"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">17</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="221" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology">Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="221" type="text/json">{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4228" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Skeletal_muscle_biology">Skeletal muscle biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4228" type="text/json">{"id":4228,"name":"Skeletal muscle biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Skeletal_muscle_biology?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10904" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electroencephalography">Electroencephalography</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10904" type="text/json">{"id":10904,"name":"Electroencephalography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electroencephalography?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26327" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine">Medicine</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="26327" type="text/json">{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=74409834]'), work: {"id":74409834,"title":"Functional role for cannabinoids in respiratory stability during sleep","created_at":"2022-03-23T14:31:57.662-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/74409834/Functional_role_for_cannabinoids_in_respiratory_stability_during_sleep?f_ri=41788","dom_id":"work_74409834","summary":"Serotonin, acting in the peripheral nervous system, can exacerbate sleep-related apnea, and systemically administered serotonin antagonists reduce sleep-disordered respiration in rats and bulldogs. Because cannabinoid receptor agonists are known to inhibit the excitatory effects of serotonin on nodose ganglion cells, we examined the effects of endogenous (oleamide) and exogenous (delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol; delta9THC) cannabimimetic agents on sleep-related apnea. Sleep architecture, respiratory pattern, and apnea expression in rats were assessed by polysomnography. A repeated measures, within-subjects, fully nested crossover design was used in which each animal was recorded on exactly 12 occasions. Eleven adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were instrumented for chronic polysomnography. Animals were recorded following intraperitoneal injection of various doses of delta9THC, oleamide, and serotonin, alone and in combination. Our data show that delta9THC and oleamide each stabilized respi...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":82573192,"asset_id":74409834,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":36914057,"first_name":"David","last_name":"Carley","domain_name":"uic","page_name":"DavidCarley","display_name":"David Carley","profile_url":"https://uic.academia.edu/DavidCarley?f_ri=41788","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/36914057/10529065/11750109/s65_david.carley.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false},{"id":4228,"name":"Skeletal muscle biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Skeletal_muscle_biology?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false},{"id":10904,"name":"Electroencephalography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electroencephalography?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false},{"id":41788,"name":"Cannabinoids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cannabinoids?f_ri=41788"},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=41788"},{"id":133324,"name":"Sleep","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sleep?f_ri=41788"},{"id":170918,"name":"Electromyography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electromyography?f_ri=41788"},{"id":202428,"name":"Respiration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Respiration?f_ri=41788"},{"id":276766,"name":"Polysomnography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polysomnography?f_ri=41788"},{"id":294768,"name":"Wakefulness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wakefulness?f_ri=41788"},{"id":375054,"name":"Rats","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rats?f_ri=41788"},{"id":413195,"name":"Time Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Time_Factors?f_ri=41788"},{"id":1146830,"name":"Cross-Over Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross-Over_Studies?f_ri=41788"},{"id":1837735,"name":"Scalp","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scalp?f_ri=41788"},{"id":2922956,"name":"Psychology and Cognitive Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology_and_Cognitive_Sciences?f_ri=41788"},{"id":3763225,"name":"Medical and Health Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_and_Health_Sciences?f_ri=41788"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_69550133" data-work_id="69550133" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/69550133/Experience_of_adjunctive_cannabis_use_for_chronic_non_cancer_pain_Findings_from_the_Pain_and_Opioids_IN_Treatment_POINT_study">Experience of adjunctive cannabis use for chronic non-cancer pain: Findings from the Pain and Opioids IN Treatment (POINT) study</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/69550133" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="137d74bca21e51c7560d0cd7ed157f5f" rel="nofollow" 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window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_69550133"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_69550133 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="69550133"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 69550133; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=69550133]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_69550133").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { 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type="text/json">{"id":6697,"name":"Australia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Australia?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12426" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment_Outcome">Treatment Outcome</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12426" type="text/json">{"id":12426,"name":"Treatment Outcome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment_Outcome?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26327" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine">Medicine</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="26327" type="text/json">{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=69550133]'), work: {"id":69550133,"title":"Experience of adjunctive cannabis use for chronic non-cancer pain: Findings from the Pain and Opioids IN Treatment (POINT) study","created_at":"2022-01-26T20:01:50.141-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/69550133/Experience_of_adjunctive_cannabis_use_for_chronic_non_cancer_pain_Findings_from_the_Pain_and_Opioids_IN_Treatment_POINT_study?f_ri=41788","dom_id":"work_69550133","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":79603321,"asset_id":69550133,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":213232554,"first_name":"Wayne","last_name":"Hall","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"WayneHall20","display_name":"Wayne Hall","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/WayneHall20?f_ri=41788","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4479,"name":"Chronic Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chronic_Pain?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false},{"id":6697,"name":"Australia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Australia?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false},{"id":12426,"name":"Treatment Outcome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment_Outcome?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false},{"id":41788,"name":"Cannabinoids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cannabinoids?f_ri=41788"},{"id":114212,"name":"Medical Marijuana","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Marijuana?f_ri=41788"},{"id":238724,"name":"Cannabis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cannabis?f_ri=41788"},{"id":469018,"name":"Neoplasms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neoplasms?f_ri=41788"},{"id":1819400,"name":"Cohort Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cohort_Studies?f_ri=41788"},{"id":2922956,"name":"Psychology and Cognitive Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology_and_Cognitive_Sciences?f_ri=41788"},{"id":3763225,"name":"Medical and Health Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_and_Health_Sciences?f_ri=41788"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_8785444" data-work_id="8785444" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/8785444/The_Impact_of_Cannabis_Use_on_Cognitive_Functioning_in_Patients_With_Schizophrenia_A_Meta_analysis_of_Existing_Findings_and_New_Data_in_a_First_Episode_Sample">The Impact of Cannabis Use on Cognitive Functioning in Patients With Schizophrenia: A Meta-analysis of Existing Findings and New Data in a First-Episode Sample</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/8785444" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1e45aab777c4aec8bb0bfc72f3314b61" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48004639,"asset_id":8785444,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48004639/download_file?st=MTczMjc0MTA1Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="18963203" href="https://unimelb.academia.edu/emrebora">emre bora</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="18963203" type="text/json">{"id":18963203,"first_name":"emre","last_name":"bora","domain_name":"unimelb","page_name":"emrebora","display_name":"emre bora","profile_url":"https://unimelb.academia.edu/emrebora?f_ri=41788","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_8785444 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}); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_8785444 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="8785444"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8785444; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=8785444]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_8785444").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_8785444").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="8785444"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3227" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Schizophrenia">Schizophrenia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3227" type="text/json">{"id":3227,"name":"Schizophrenia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Schizophrenia?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4212" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognition">Cognition</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4212" type="text/json">{"id":4212,"name":"Cognition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognition?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22506" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent">Adolescent</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="22506" type="text/json">{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="33732" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Executive_Function">Executive Function</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="33732" type="text/json">{"id":33732,"name":"Executive Function","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Executive_Function?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=8785444]'), work: {"id":8785444,"title":"The Impact of Cannabis Use on Cognitive Functioning in Patients With Schizophrenia: A Meta-analysis of Existing Findings and New Data in a First-Episode Sample","created_at":"2014-10-14T20:58:50.525-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/8785444/The_Impact_of_Cannabis_Use_on_Cognitive_Functioning_in_Patients_With_Schizophrenia_A_Meta_analysis_of_Existing_Findings_and_New_Data_in_a_First_Episode_Sample?f_ri=41788","dom_id":"work_8785444","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48004639,"asset_id":8785444,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":18963203,"first_name":"emre","last_name":"bora","domain_name":"unimelb","page_name":"emrebora","display_name":"emre 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Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Case_Control_Studies?f_ri=41788"},{"id":1907321,"name":"Marijuana abuse","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marijuana_abuse?f_ri=41788"},{"id":2467548,"name":"Neuropsychological Tests","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuropsychological_Tests?f_ri=41788"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_75615325" data-work_id="75615325" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/75615325/Cannabis_and_Brain_Disrupting_Neural_Circuits_of_Memory">Cannabis and Brain: Disrupting Neural Circuits of Memory</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Abstract: Cannabis is a federally controlled substance, it’s very familiar to many but its neurobiological substrates are not well-characterized. In the brain, most areas prevalently having cannabinoid receptors have been associated with... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_75615325" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Abstract: Cannabis is a federally controlled substance, it’s very familiar to many but its neurobiological substrates are not well-characterized. In the brain, most areas prevalently having cannabinoid receptors have been associated with behavioral control and cognitive effects due to cannabinoids. Study over the last several decades suggested cannabinoids (CBs) exert copious oftentimes opposite effects on countless neuronal receptors and processes. In fact, owing to this plethora of effects, it’s still cryptic how CBs trigger neuronal circuits. Cannabis use has been revealed to cause cognitive deficits from basic motor coordination to more complex executive functions, for example, the aptitude to plan, organize, make choices, solve glitches, remember, and control emotions as well as behavior. Numerous factors like age of onset and duration of cannabis use regulate the severity of the difficulties. People with the cannabis-linked deficiency in executive functions have been found to ...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/75615325" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ea94c2b901230d8562270a266e372ca2" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":83313815,"asset_id":75615325,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/83313815/download_file?st=MTczMjc0MTA1Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33503143" href="https://wub.academia.edu/ZubairKhalidLabu">Zubair Khalid Labu</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33503143" type="text/json">{"id":33503143,"first_name":"Zubair Khalid","last_name":"Labu","domain_name":"wub","page_name":"ZubairKhalidLabu","display_name":"Zubair Khalid Labu","profile_url":"https://wub.academia.edu/ZubairKhalidLabu?f_ri=41788","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/33503143/9896574/11033193/s65_zubair_khalid.labu.jpg_oh_ffe0861111f66195645e0ea6725d9d8c_oe_564f26ac___gda___1447998694_5e1331232062f61e3ac47d3be22f8c36"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_75615325 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="75615325"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 75615325, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_75615325", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=75615325]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_75615325").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_75615325").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="75615325"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="21548" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Neuroscience">Cognitive Neuroscience</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="21548" type="text/json">{"id":21548,"name":"Cognitive Neuroscience","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Neuroscience?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="41788" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cannabinoids">Cannabinoids</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="41788" type="text/json">{"id":41788,"name":"Cannabinoids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cannabinoids?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="54131" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marijuana">Marijuana</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="54131" type="text/json">{"id":54131,"name":"Marijuana","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marijuana?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="61474" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain">Brain</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="61474" type="text/json">{"id":61474,"name":"Brain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=75615325]'), work: {"id":75615325,"title":"Cannabis and Brain: Disrupting Neural Circuits of Memory","created_at":"2022-04-06T03:43:00.564-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/75615325/Cannabis_and_Brain_Disrupting_Neural_Circuits_of_Memory?f_ri=41788","dom_id":"work_75615325","summary":"Abstract: Cannabis is a federally controlled substance, it’s very familiar to many but its neurobiological substrates are not well-characterized. In the brain, most areas prevalently having cannabinoid receptors have been associated with behavioral control and cognitive effects due to cannabinoids. Study over the last several decades suggested cannabinoids (CBs) exert copious oftentimes opposite effects on countless neuronal receptors and processes. In fact, owing to this plethora of effects, it’s still cryptic how CBs trigger neuronal circuits. Cannabis use has been revealed to cause cognitive deficits from basic motor coordination to more complex executive functions, for example, the aptitude to plan, organize, make choices, solve glitches, remember, and control emotions as well as behavior. Numerous factors like age of onset and duration of cannabis use regulate the severity of the difficulties. People with the cannabis-linked deficiency in executive functions have been found to ...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":83313815,"asset_id":75615325,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33503143,"first_name":"Zubair Khalid","last_name":"Labu","domain_name":"wub","page_name":"ZubairKhalidLabu","display_name":"Zubair Khalid Labu","profile_url":"https://wub.academia.edu/ZubairKhalidLabu?f_ri=41788","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/33503143/9896574/11033193/s65_zubair_khalid.labu.jpg_oh_ffe0861111f66195645e0ea6725d9d8c_oe_564f26ac___gda___1447998694_5e1331232062f61e3ac47d3be22f8c36"}],"research_interests":[{"id":21548,"name":"Cognitive Neuroscience","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Neuroscience?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false},{"id":41788,"name":"Cannabinoids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cannabinoids?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false},{"id":54131,"name":"Marijuana","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marijuana?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false},{"id":61474,"name":"Brain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false},{"id":134476,"name":"Neural circuits","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neural_circuits?f_ri=41788"},{"id":238724,"name":"Cannabis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cannabis?f_ri=41788"},{"id":1239755,"name":"Neurosciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurosciences?f_ri=41788"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_62028705" data-work_id="62028705" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/62028705/Cannabinoids_in_Postmortem_Toxicology">Cannabinoids in Postmortem Toxicology</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/62028705" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="83a1ca38d4993896a2f8345839b89091" rel="nofollow" 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type="text/json">{"id":133484675,"first_name":"Nikolas","last_name":"Lemos","domain_name":"qmul","page_name":"NikolasLemos","display_name":"Nikolas Lemos","profile_url":"https://qmul.academia.edu/NikolasLemos?f_ri=41788","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_62028705 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="62028705"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 62028705, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_62028705", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_62028705 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 62028705; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_62028705"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_62028705 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="62028705"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 62028705; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=62028705]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_62028705").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { 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Toxicology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Forensic_Toxicology?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="41788" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cannabinoids">Cannabinoids</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="41788" type="text/json">{"id":41788,"name":"Cannabinoids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cannabinoids?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="72347" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analytical_Toxicology">Analytical Toxicology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="72347" type="text/json">{"id":72347,"name":"Analytical Toxicology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analytical_Toxicology?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=62028705]'), work: {"id":62028705,"title":"Cannabinoids in Postmortem 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sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacology_and_pharmaceutical_sciences?f_ri=41788"},{"id":3988601,"name":"limit of detection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/limit_of_detection?f_ri=41788"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_60992147" data-work_id="60992147" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/60992147/Actions_of_cannabinoid_receptor_ligands_on_rat_cultured_sensory_neurones_implications_for_antinociception">Actions of cannabinoid receptor ligands on rat cultured sensory neurones: implications for antinociception</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div 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Republic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Czech_Republic?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="41788" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cannabinoids">Cannabinoids</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="41788" type="text/json">{"id":41788,"name":"Cannabinoids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cannabinoids?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=22832435]'), work: {"id":22832435,"title":"The effect of soil fertilization on the formation and the amount of cannabinoid substances in Cannabis sativa L. in the course of one vegetation 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Republic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Czech_Republic?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false},{"id":41788,"name":"Cannabinoids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cannabinoids?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false},{"id":238724,"name":"Cannabis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cannabis?f_ri=41788"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_17640592" data-work_id="17640592" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/17640592/CB1_RECEPTORS_IN_THE_THALAMIC_RETICULAR_NUCLEUS_DURING_ACUTE_IMMOBILIZATION_STRESS_OF_THE_RAT_AN_IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL_STUDY">CB1 RECEPTORS IN THE THALAMIC RETICULAR NUCLEUS DURING ACUTE IMMOBILIZATION STRESS OF THE RAT: AN IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL STUDY</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Cannabinoids and opioids interact in a number of ways that could be therapeutically beneficial. The CB1 re- ceptors are implicated with the endocannabinoid-mediated modulation of stress, pain, visceral sensation, synaptic plasticity in... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_17640592" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Cannabinoids and opioids interact in a number of ways that could be therapeutically beneficial. The CB1 re- ceptors are implicated with the endocannabinoid-mediated modulation of stress, pain, visceral sensation, synaptic plasticity in the thalamus via GABAergic signaling. Thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN) is a thin sheet of GABAergic neurons surrounding anterolateral surface of the thalamus. In our immunohistochem- ical study we demonstrated expression of CB1 immunoreactive neurons in a light microscope during a nor- mal condition and after the acute stress in the rats. We found higher expression of CB 1 immunoreactivity in stressed animals compared with control group. Opioids and cannabinoids have been shown to have analgesic properties and they are considered as drug tar- gets for the treatment of numerous neurological disorders, pain and stress. Key words: Thalamic reticular nucleus, CB 1 receptors, immobilization stress, rat</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/17640592" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="eeac19d9eb1c3945e4f8f8ab39fd79a7" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":39631546,"asset_id":17640592,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/39631546/download_file?st=MTczMjc0MTA1Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4182310" href="https://mu-sofia.academia.edu/BoychoLandzhov">Boycho Landzhov</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4182310" type="text/json">{"id":4182310,"first_name":"Boycho","last_name":"Landzhov","domain_name":"mu-sofia","page_name":"BoychoLandzhov","display_name":"Boycho Landzhov","profile_url":"https://mu-sofia.academia.edu/BoychoLandzhov?f_ri=41788","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_17640592 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="17640592"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 17640592, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_17640592", }); 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The CB1 re- ceptors are implicated with the endocannabinoid-mediated modulation of stress, pain, visceral sensation, synaptic plasticity in the thalamus via GABAergic signaling. Thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN) is a thin sheet of GABAergic neurons surrounding anterolateral surface of the thalamus. In our immunohistochem- ical study we demonstrated expression of CB1 immunoreactive neurons in a light microscope during a nor- mal condition and after the acute stress in the rats. We found higher expression of CB 1 immunoreactivity in stressed animals compared with control group. Opioids and cannabinoids have been shown to have analgesic properties and they are considered as drug tar- gets for the treatment of numerous neurological disorders, pain and stress. 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Schechter, Ph.D. [The Pot Book, Edited by Julie Holland, M.D.]</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/6218890" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0c14aa052c6d3245b86cf9eaa0f68864" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":33088539,"asset_id":6218890,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/33088539/download_file?st=MTczMjc0MTA1Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="7836446" href="https://radioscience.academia.edu/JasonSchechter">Jason B Schechter</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="7836446" type="text/json">{"id":7836446,"first_name":"Jason","last_name":"Schechter","domain_name":"radioscience","page_name":"JasonSchechter","display_name":"Jason B Schechter","profile_url":"https://radioscience.academia.edu/JasonSchechter?f_ri=41788","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/7836446/2774604/3234647/s65_jason.schechter.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_6218890 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="6218890"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 6218890, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_6218890", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_6218890 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 6218890; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_6218890"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_6218890 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="6218890"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 6218890; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=6218890]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_6218890").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_6218890").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="6218890"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i></div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl6x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="41788" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cannabinoids">Cannabinoids</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="41788" type="text/json">{"id":41788,"name":"Cannabinoids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cannabinoids?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (false) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=6218890]'), work: {"id":6218890,"title":"The Endocannabinoid System - Gregory L. 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data-has-card-for-ri="2484" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drugs_And_Addiction">Drugs And Addiction</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2484" type="text/json">{"id":2484,"name":"Drugs And Addiction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drugs_And_Addiction?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4553" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Toxicology">Toxicology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4553" type="text/json">{"id":4553,"name":"Toxicology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Toxicology?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7428" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Education">Health Education</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7428" type="text/json">{"id":7428,"name":"Health Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Education?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="41788" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cannabinoids">Cannabinoids</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="41788" type="text/json">{"id":41788,"name":"Cannabinoids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cannabinoids?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=16691313]'), work: {"id":16691313,"title":"Cannabinoidi sintetici II","created_at":"2015-10-12T05:02:58.716-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/16691313/Cannabinoidi_sintetici_II?f_ri=41788","dom_id":"work_16691313","summary":"Molecole sintetiche che interagiscono con i recettori dei cannabinoidi.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":39122299,"asset_id":16691313,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2040245,"first_name":"Giacomo","last_name":"Oliva","domain_name":"vegajournal","page_name":"ParasiteConspiracy","display_name":"Giacomo Oliva","profile_url":"https://vegajournal.academia.edu/ParasiteConspiracy?f_ri=41788","photo":"https://gravatar.com/avatar/b5e5af40cb537c176726848dd55a7793?s=65"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2484,"name":"Drugs And Addiction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drugs_And_Addiction?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false},{"id":4553,"name":"Toxicology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Toxicology?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false},{"id":7428,"name":"Health Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Education?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false},{"id":41788,"name":"Cannabinoids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cannabinoids?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false},{"id":42070,"name":"Harm Reduction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Harm_Reduction?f_ri=41788"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_21019451" data-work_id="21019451" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/21019451/Endocannabinoids_endogenous_cannabinoid_receptor_ligands_with_neuromodulatory_action_by_V_Di_Marzo_D_Melck_T_Bisogno_and_L_De_Petrocellis_Vol_21_pp_521_528">Endocannabinoids: endogenous cannabinoid receptor ligands with neuromodulatory action, by V. Di Marzo, D. Melck, T. Bisogno and L. De Petrocellis, Vol. 21, pp. 521–528</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/21019451" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c7a3fa3b830c526e6a419ff923ad3015" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42408250,"asset_id":21019451,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42408250/download_file?st=MTczMjc0MTA1Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="42251886" href="https://independent.academia.edu/LPetrocellis">Luciano Petrocellis</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="42251886" type="text/json">{"id":42251886,"first_name":"Luciano","last_name":"Petrocellis","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"LPetrocellis","display_name":"Luciano Petrocellis","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LPetrocellis?f_ri=41788","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_21019451 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="21019451"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 21019451, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_21019451", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=21019451]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_21019451").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_21019451").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="21019451"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="237" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="237" type="text/json">{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="41788" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cannabinoids">Cannabinoids</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="41788" type="text/json">{"id":41788,"name":"Cannabinoids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cannabinoids?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="61474" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain">Brain</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="61474" type="text/json">{"id":61474,"name":"Brain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="193974" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurons">Neurons</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="193974" type="text/json">{"id":193974,"name":"Neurons","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurons?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=21019451]'), work: {"id":21019451,"title":"Endocannabinoids: endogenous cannabinoid receptor ligands with neuromodulatory action, by V. Di Marzo, D. Melck, T. Bisogno and L. 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NPS are purchased as alternatives to traditional illicit drugs of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_17871926" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The abuse of synthetic psychoactive substances known as &quot;designer drugs,&quot; or &quot;new psychoactive substances&quot; (NPS), is increasing at an alarming rate. NPS are purchased as alternatives to traditional illicit drugs of abuse and are manufactured to circumvent laws regulating the sale and use of controlled substances. Synthetic cathinones (i.e., &quot;bath salts&quot;) and synthetic cannabinoids (i.e., &quot;spice&quot;) are two types of NPS that have received substantial media attention. Although low recreational doses of bath salts or spice compounds can produce desirable effects, high doses or chronic exposure often leads to dangerous medical consequences, including psychosis, violent behaviors, tachycardia, hyperthermia, and even death. Despite the popularity of NPS, there is a paucity of scientific data about these drugs. Here we provide a brief up-to-date review describing the mechanisms of action and neurobiological effects of synthetic cathinones and cannabino...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/17871926" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f9741938c6deceec91b0ce5fab9e442c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":39755359,"asset_id":17871926,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/39755359/download_file?st=MTczMjc0MTA1Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="37783367" href="https://independent.academia.edu/LucasWatterson">Lucas Watterson</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="37783367" type="text/json">{"id":37783367,"first_name":"Lucas","last_name":"Watterson","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"LucasWatterson","display_name":"Lucas Watterson","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LucasWatterson?f_ri=41788","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_17871926 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="17871926"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 17871926, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_17871926", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=17871926]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_17871926").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_17871926").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="17871926"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="161" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroscience">Neuroscience</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="161" type="text/json">{"id":161,"name":"Neuroscience","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroscience?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="41788" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cannabinoids">Cannabinoids</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="41788" type="text/json">{"id":41788,"name":"Cannabinoids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cannabinoids?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="100292" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Methamphetamine">Methamphetamine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="100292" type="text/json">{"id":100292,"name":"Methamphetamine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Methamphetamine?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="161562" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Alkaloids">Alkaloids</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="161562" type="text/json">{"id":161562,"name":"Alkaloids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Alkaloids?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=17871926]'), work: {"id":17871926,"title":"Baths salts, spice, and related designer drugs: the science behind the headlines","created_at":"2015-11-06T10:32:36.904-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/17871926/Baths_salts_spice_and_related_designer_drugs_the_science_behind_the_headlines?f_ri=41788","dom_id":"work_17871926","summary":"The abuse of synthetic psychoactive substances known as \u0026quot;designer drugs,\u0026quot; or \u0026quot;new psychoactive substances\u0026quot; (NPS), is increasing at an alarming rate. NPS are purchased as alternatives to traditional illicit drugs of abuse and are manufactured to circumvent laws regulating the sale and use of controlled substances. Synthetic cathinones (i.e., \u0026quot;bath salts\u0026quot;) and synthetic cannabinoids (i.e., \u0026quot;spice\u0026quot;) are two types of NPS that have received substantial media attention. Although low recreational doses of bath salts or spice compounds can produce desirable effects, high doses or chronic exposure often leads to dangerous medical consequences, including psychosis, violent behaviors, tachycardia, hyperthermia, and even death. Despite the popularity of NPS, there is a paucity of scientific data about these drugs. Here we provide a brief up-to-date review describing the mechanisms of action and neurobiological effects of synthetic cathinones and cannabino...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":39755359,"asset_id":17871926,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":37783367,"first_name":"Lucas","last_name":"Watterson","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"LucasWatterson","display_name":"Lucas 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})();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_23626805" data-work_id="23626805" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/23626805/The_analgesic_effects_of_R_WIN_55_212_2_mesylate_a_high_affinity_cannabinoid_agonist_in_a_rat_model_of_neuropathic_pain">The analgesic effects of R(+)-WIN 55,212–2 mesylate, a high affinity cannabinoid agonist, in a rat model of neuropathic pain</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/23626805" data-share-source="work_strip" 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Temperature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/_Hot_Temperature?f_ri=41788"},{"id":1592916,"name":"Drug treatment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_treatment?f_ri=41788"},{"id":1880638,"name":"Piperidines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Piperidines?f_ri=41788"},{"id":1959362,"name":"Cannabinoid Receptor","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cannabinoid_Receptor?f_ri=41788"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_34413697 coauthored" data-work_id="34413697" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/34413697/Los_estudios_que_demostrasen_la_adictividad_del_cannabis_en_los_a%C3%B1os_40">Los estudios que demostrasen la adictividad del cannabis en los años 40</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">En 1942 en septiembre el American Journal of Psychiatry publicó un trabajo titulado “Los aspectos psiquiátricos de la intoxicación de marihuana” en donde se afirmaba que la adicción no era tan fuerte como la adicción al tabaco o al... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_34413697" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">En 1942 en septiembre el American Journal of Psychiatry publicó un trabajo titulado “Los aspectos psiquiátricos de la intoxicación de marihuana” en donde se afirmaba que la adicción no era tan fuerte como la adicción al tabaco o al alcohol. En una investigación que realizó Samuel Allentuck y Kari M. Bowman sobre sujetos internados en hospitales psiquiátricos, descubrió nueve casos de psicosis en 67 fumadores de marihuana. En este estudio podemos leer: <br />“No existe psicosis característica de la marihuana. La marihuana no producirá una psicosis ex novo en una persona estable y bien integrada... Pero sí precipita una psicosis en una persona inestable. Esta psicosis puede durar sólo unas pocas horas o continuar durante algunas semanas. La psicosis puede ser controlada mediante la retirada de la droga y la administración de barbitúricos. La habituación psíquica a la marihuana no es tan fuerte como la que se produce en los casos del alcohol o el tabaco... No existen pruebas de que el uso continuado de la marihuana sea un escalón para el uso de opiáceos. El uso prolongado de la droga no conduce a ninguna degeneración mental, física o moral, y tampoco hemos observado ningún efecto deletéreo permanente producido por uso continuado” (Allentuck, 1942: 248).</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/34413697" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8325123be4d4848e6c4331ba2e733f04" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":54293334,"asset_id":34413697,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54293334/download_file?st=MTczMjc0MTA1Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="31098106" href="https://concepta-net.academia.edu/M%C3%B3nicaHinojosa">Mónica Hinojosa</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="31098106" type="text/json">{"id":31098106,"first_name":"Mónica","last_name":"Hinojosa","domain_name":"concepta-net","page_name":"MónicaHinojosa","display_name":"Mónica Hinojosa","profile_url":"https://concepta-net.academia.edu/M%C3%B3nicaHinojosa?f_ri=41788","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/31098106/9199499/82669095/s65_m_nica.hinojosa.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-34413697">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-34413697"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://uma.academia.edu/IsidroMarinGutierrez">Isidro Marin-Gutierrez</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-34413697'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-34413697').html(); 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En una investigación que realizó Samuel Allentuck y Kari M. Bowman sobre sujetos internados en hospitales psiquiátricos, descubrió nueve casos de psicosis en 67 fumadores de marihuana. En este estudio podemos leer: \n“No existe psicosis característica de la marihuana. La marihuana no producirá una psicosis ex novo en una persona estable y bien integrada... Pero sí precipita una psicosis en una persona inestable. Esta psicosis puede durar sólo unas pocas horas o continuar durante algunas semanas. La psicosis puede ser controlada mediante la retirada de la droga y la administración de barbitúricos. La habituación psíquica a la marihuana no es tan fuerte como la que se produce en los casos del alcohol o el tabaco... No existen pruebas de que el uso continuado de la marihuana sea un escalón para el uso de opiáceos. El uso prolongado de la droga no conduce a ninguna degeneración mental, física o moral, y tampoco hemos observado ningún efecto deletéreo permanente producido por uso continuado” (Allentuck, 1942: 248).","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":54293334,"asset_id":34413697,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":31098106,"first_name":"Mónica","last_name":"Hinojosa","domain_name":"concepta-net","page_name":"MónicaHinojosa","display_name":"Mónica Hinojosa","profile_url":"https://concepta-net.academia.edu/M%C3%B3nicaHinojosa?f_ri=41788","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/31098106/9199499/82669095/s65_m_nica.hinojosa.jpg"},{"id":29737446,"first_name":"Isidro","last_name":"Marin-Gutierrez","domain_name":"uma","page_name":"IsidroMarinGutierrez","display_name":"Isidro Marin-Gutierrez","profile_url":"https://uma.academia.edu/IsidroMarinGutierrez?f_ri=41788","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/29737446/8550744/41353300/s65_isidro.mar_n_guti_rrez.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":41788,"name":"Cannabinoids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cannabinoids?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false},{"id":85469,"name":"Cannabis Use","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cannabis_Use?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false},{"id":238724,"name":"Cannabis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cannabis?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false},{"id":399897,"name":"Marihuana","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marihuana?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false},{"id":493437,"name":"Legalize Cannabis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Legalize_Cannabis?f_ri=41788"},{"id":576290,"name":"Legalización de la marihuana","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Legalizaci%C3%B3n_de_la_marihuana?f_ri=41788"},{"id":722602,"name":"Medical Cannabis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Cannabis?f_ri=41788"},{"id":1373826,"name":"Historia De La Marihuana","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historia_De_La_Marihuana?f_ri=41788"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_38083015" data-work_id="38083015" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38083015/Rational_drug_design_on_the_example_of_light_cannabinoids">Rational drug design on the example of light cannabinoids</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The drug design has several branches of development, such as irrational selection, rational search and newer layering, computer subtraction, biological mapping of biological objects, simulation of the target and the drug. One way or... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_38083015" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The drug design has several branches of development, such as irrational selection, rational search and newer layering, computer subtraction, biological mapping of biological objects, simulation of the target and the drug.<br /> One way or another, the share of rational search and human intellectual activity in the process of developing the design of preparations is, as before, great. Biomolecular mapping and mathematical models are not able to replace the accumulated experience in the design, and as a result, the drug design develops new theoretical methods. One of these methods is to regulate the activity and strength of the drug, through the use of radicals with more or less complementary interaction forces.<br /> The degree of conformity of the chemical compound drug and the target is measured by several quantities: This is the geometric correspondence of the placement of the necessary chemical radicals. This is a quantitative match and a qualitative match. As well as compliance with the degree of mobility, the dynamic behavior of the molecule. Regulation of the activity of a substance is an important parameter that allows you to create drugs with convenient dosage or high safety.<br /> To achieve high safety performance, a method of reducing the energy of the bond between the drug and the target is used. This approach makes it possible to establish a low ceiling of maximum activity. Even in case of overdose. these drugs show low activity, which eliminates the development of critical side effects. .. ...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/38083015" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f4809f453f5a76c3da1b85f2419fa849" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":58127419,"asset_id":38083015,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58127419/download_file?st=MTczMjc0MTA1Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="50102138" href="https://independent.academia.edu/YaroslavZaitsev">Yaroslav Zaitsev</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="50102138" type="text/json">{"id":50102138,"first_name":"Yaroslav","last_name":"Zaitsev","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"YaroslavZaitsev","display_name":"Yaroslav Zaitsev","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/YaroslavZaitsev?f_ri=41788","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/50102138/13167139/14467533/s65_yaroslav.zaitsev.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_38083015 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="38083015"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38083015, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_38083015", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38083015]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_38083015").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_38083015").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="38083015"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="140" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacology">Pharmacology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="140" type="text/json">{"id":140,"name":"Pharmacology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacology?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="631" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pediatrics">Pediatrics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="631" type="text/json">{"id":631,"name":"Pediatrics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pediatrics?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="41788" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cannabinoids">Cannabinoids</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="41788" type="text/json">{"id":41788,"name":"Cannabinoids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cannabinoids?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="120789" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Design">Drug Design</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="120789" type="text/json">{"id":120789,"name":"Drug Design","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Design?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=38083015]'), work: {"id":38083015,"title":"Rational drug design on the example of light cannabinoids","created_at":"2019-01-03T12:08:00.655-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/38083015/Rational_drug_design_on_the_example_of_light_cannabinoids?f_ri=41788","dom_id":"work_38083015","summary":"The drug design has several branches of development, such as irrational selection, rational search and newer layering, computer subtraction, biological mapping of biological objects, simulation of the target and the drug.\n One way or another, the share of rational search and human intellectual activity in the process of developing the design of preparations is, as before, great. Biomolecular mapping and mathematical models are not able to replace the accumulated experience in the design, and as a result, the drug design develops new theoretical methods. One of these methods is to regulate the activity and strength of the drug, through the use of radicals with more or less complementary interaction forces.\n The degree of conformity of the chemical compound drug and the target is measured by several quantities: This is the geometric correspondence of the placement of the necessary chemical radicals. This is a quantitative match and a qualitative match. As well as compliance with the degree of mobility, the dynamic behavior of the molecule. Regulation of the activity of a substance is an important parameter that allows you to create drugs with convenient dosage or high safety.\n To achieve high safety performance, a method of reducing the energy of the bond between the drug and the target is used. This approach makes it possible to establish a low ceiling of maximum activity. Even in case of overdose. these drugs show low activity, which eliminates the development of critical side effects. .. ... \n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":58127419,"asset_id":38083015,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":50102138,"first_name":"Yaroslav","last_name":"Zaitsev","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"YaroslavZaitsev","display_name":"Yaroslav Zaitsev","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/YaroslavZaitsev?f_ri=41788","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/50102138/13167139/14467533/s65_yaroslav.zaitsev.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":140,"name":"Pharmacology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacology?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false},{"id":631,"name":"Pediatrics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pediatrics?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false},{"id":41788,"name":"Cannabinoids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cannabinoids?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false},{"id":120789,"name":"Drug Design","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Design?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false},{"id":139113,"name":"Marijuana Legalization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marijuana_Legalization?f_ri=41788"},{"id":591033,"name":"Recreational Drugs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Recreational_Drugs?f_ri=41788"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_5377297" data-work_id="5377297" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5377297/Pharmacological_enhancement_of_the_endocannabinoid_system_in_the_nucleus_accumbens_shell_stimulates_food_intake_and_increases_c_Fos_expression_in_the_hypothalamus">Pharmacological enhancement of the endocannabinoid system in the nucleus accumbens shell stimulates food intake and increases c-Fos expression in the hypothalamus</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background and purpose:Evidence indicates that the endocannabinoid, 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), increases food intake when injected into the nucleus accumbens shell (NAcS), thereby potentially activating hypothalamic nuclei involved in... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_5377297" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background and purpose:Evidence indicates that the endocannabinoid, 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), increases food intake when injected into the nucleus accumbens shell (NAcS), thereby potentially activating hypothalamic nuclei involved in food intake regulation. We aimed to evaluate potential orexigenic effects of the endocannabinoid anandamide and of AA5HT, a fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitor, and OMDM-1, an inhibitor of anandamide uptake, injected in the NAcS, as well as the effect of these treatments on activation of hypothalamic nuclei.Evidence indicates that the endocannabinoid, 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), increases food intake when injected into the nucleus accumbens shell (NAcS), thereby potentially activating hypothalamic nuclei involved in food intake regulation. We aimed to evaluate potential orexigenic effects of the endocannabinoid anandamide and of AA5HT, a fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitor, and OMDM-1, an inhibitor of anandamide uptake, injected in the NAcS, as well as the effect of these treatments on activation of hypothalamic nuclei.Experimental approach:Drugs were given into the NAcS of rats and food intake quantified during the next 4 h. In other groups, after the same treatments the brains were processed for c-Fos immunohistochemistry with focus on hypothalamic nuclei. Additional groups were used to quantify endocannabinoid levels in the nucleus accumbens and the hypothalamus after AA5HT and OMDM-1 intra-NAcS injections.Drugs were given into the NAcS of rats and food intake quantified during the next 4 h. In other groups, after the same treatments the brains were processed for c-Fos immunohistochemistry with focus on hypothalamic nuclei. Additional groups were used to quantify endocannabinoid levels in the nucleus accumbens and the hypothalamus after AA5HT and OMDM-1 intra-NAcS injections.Key resultsOur results indicate that the above treatments stimulate food intake during 4 h post-injection. They also increase c-Fos immunoreactivity in hypothalamic nuclei. The CB1 antagonist, AM251, blocked these effects. Finally, we found elevated levels of 2-AG, but not anandamide, after intra-NAcS injections of AA5HT.Our results indicate that the above treatments stimulate food intake during 4 h post-injection. They also increase c-Fos immunoreactivity in hypothalamic nuclei. The CB1 antagonist, AM251, blocked these effects. Finally, we found elevated levels of 2-AG, but not anandamide, after intra-NAcS injections of AA5HT.Conclusions and implications:These data support the involvement of the endocannabinoid system in feeding behavior at the level of the NAcS and hypothalamus. In addition, this is the first experimental demonstration that the pharmacological inhibition of endocannabinoid inactivation in the NAcS stimulates food intake, suggesting that the endocannabinoid degrading proteins can be a target for treating eating disorders.British Journal of Pharmacology (2007) 151, 1109–1116; doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0707313These data support the involvement of the endocannabinoid system in feeding behavior at the level of the NAcS and hypothalamus. In addition, this is the first experimental demonstration that the pharmacological inhibition of endocannabinoid inactivation in the NAcS stimulates food intake, suggesting that the endocannabinoid degrading proteins can be a target for treating eating disorders.British Journal of Pharmacology (2007) 151, 1109–1116; doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0707313</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/5377297" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="19e2981790e863df5b20fb2f2d3c7bda" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49318624,"asset_id":5377297,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49318624/download_file?st=MTczMjc0MTA1Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="7486181" href="https://neurocentre-magendie.academia.edu/edgarsoria">Edgar Soria-Gomez</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="7486181" type="text/json">{"id":7486181,"first_name":"Edgar","last_name":"Soria-Gomez","domain_name":"neurocentre-magendie","page_name":"edgarsoria","display_name":"Edgar Soria-Gomez","profile_url":"https://neurocentre-magendie.academia.edu/edgarsoria?f_ri=41788","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/7486181/6301958/7133716/s65_edgar.soria-gomez.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_5377297 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="5377297"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 5377297, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_5377297", }); 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We aimed to evaluate potential orexigenic effects of the endocannabinoid anandamide and of AA5HT, a fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitor, and OMDM-1, an inhibitor of anandamide uptake, injected in the NAcS, as well as the effect of these treatments on activation of hypothalamic nuclei.Evidence indicates that the endocannabinoid, 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), increases food intake when injected into the nucleus accumbens shell (NAcS), thereby potentially activating hypothalamic nuclei involved in food intake regulation. We aimed to evaluate potential orexigenic effects of the endocannabinoid anandamide and of AA5HT, a fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitor, and OMDM-1, an inhibitor of anandamide uptake, injected in the NAcS, as well as the effect of these treatments on activation of hypothalamic nuclei.Experimental approach:Drugs were given into the NAcS of rats and food intake quantified during the next 4 h. In other groups, after the same treatments the brains were processed for c-Fos immunohistochemistry with focus on hypothalamic nuclei. Additional groups were used to quantify endocannabinoid levels in the nucleus accumbens and the hypothalamus after AA5HT and OMDM-1 intra-NAcS injections.Drugs were given into the NAcS of rats and food intake quantified during the next 4 h. In other groups, after the same treatments the brains were processed for c-Fos immunohistochemistry with focus on hypothalamic nuclei. Additional groups were used to quantify endocannabinoid levels in the nucleus accumbens and the hypothalamus after AA5HT and OMDM-1 intra-NAcS injections.Key resultsOur results indicate that the above treatments stimulate food intake during 4 h post-injection. They also increase c-Fos immunoreactivity in hypothalamic nuclei. The CB1 antagonist, AM251, blocked these effects. Finally, we found elevated levels of 2-AG, but not anandamide, after intra-NAcS injections of AA5HT.Our results indicate that the above treatments stimulate food intake during 4 h post-injection. They also increase c-Fos immunoreactivity in hypothalamic nuclei. The CB1 antagonist, AM251, blocked these effects. Finally, we found elevated levels of 2-AG, but not anandamide, after intra-NAcS injections of AA5HT.Conclusions and implications:These data support the involvement of the endocannabinoid system in feeding behavior at the level of the NAcS and hypothalamus. In addition, this is the first experimental demonstration that the pharmacological inhibition of endocannabinoid inactivation in the NAcS stimulates food intake, suggesting that the endocannabinoid degrading proteins can be a target for treating eating disorders.British Journal of Pharmacology (2007) 151, 1109–1116; doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0707313These data support the involvement of the endocannabinoid system in feeding behavior at the level of the NAcS and hypothalamus. In addition, this is the first experimental demonstration that the pharmacological inhibition of endocannabinoid inactivation in the NAcS stimulates food intake, suggesting that the endocannabinoid degrading proteins can be a target for treating eating disorders.British Journal of Pharmacology (2007) 151, 1109–1116; doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0707313","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49318624,"asset_id":5377297,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":7486181,"first_name":"Edgar","last_name":"Soria-Gomez","domain_name":"neurocentre-magendie","page_name":"edgarsoria","display_name":"Edgar 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u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_44250910" data-work_id="44250910" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/44250910/A_Review_on_Essential_Oils_in_Cannabis_in_Various_Recent_Studies">A Review on Essential Oils in Cannabis in Various Recent Studies</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This essay is a comprehensive review on recent studies that related directly with cannabis essential oils. Five journal articles with various of application fields, different locations, in-dept analysis of cannabis chemical compounds,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_44250910" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This essay is  a comprehensive review on recent studies that related directly with cannabis essential oils. Five journal articles with various of application fields, different locations, in-dept analysis of cannabis chemical compounds, and comparison between hemp and marijuana are compared, and critically analyzed. Each individual journal article was summarized and evaluated to identify strength, weakness, and opportunity for further study. The results show that the trend of cannabis research is not only targeted to medical or few compounds like CBD or THC anymore, but rather than broader range of applications and more focused on terpenes and terpenoids that give different effects to multiple applications. This results study will lead new researchers to the current trend and perhaps, breakthrough of new utilization of cannabis plants.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/44250910" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ea6f651b3680d0d3a9f5582359c6b971" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":64623878,"asset_id":44250910,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64623878/download_file?st=MTczMjc0MTA1Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="173528722" href="https://thammasat.academia.edu/NatTriamchaisri">Nat Triamchaisri</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="173528722" type="text/json">{"id":173528722,"first_name":"Nat","last_name":"Triamchaisri","domain_name":"thammasat","page_name":"NatTriamchaisri","display_name":"Nat Triamchaisri","profile_url":"https://thammasat.academia.edu/NatTriamchaisri?f_ri=41788","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/173528722/49698028/37681874/s65_nat.triamchaisri.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_44250910 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="44250910"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44250910, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_44250910", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44250910]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_44250910").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_44250910").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="44250910"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="41788" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cannabinoids">Cannabinoids</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="41788" type="text/json">{"id":41788,"name":"Cannabinoids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cannabinoids?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="165799" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Terpenes">Terpenes</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="165799" type="text/json">{"id":165799,"name":"Terpenes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Terpenes?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="238724" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cannabis">Cannabis</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="238724" type="text/json">{"id":238724,"name":"Cannabis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cannabis?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="239047" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Terpenoids">Terpenoids</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="239047" type="text/json">{"id":239047,"name":"Terpenoids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Terpenoids?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=44250910]'), work: {"id":44250910,"title":"A Review on Essential Oils in Cannabis in Various Recent Studies","created_at":"2020-10-07T21:08:54.959-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/44250910/A_Review_on_Essential_Oils_in_Cannabis_in_Various_Recent_Studies?f_ri=41788","dom_id":"work_44250910","summary":"This essay is a comprehensive review on recent studies that related directly with cannabis essential oils. Five journal articles with various of application fields, different locations, in-dept analysis of cannabis chemical compounds, and comparison between hemp and marijuana are compared, and critically analyzed. Each individual journal article was summarized and evaluated to identify strength, weakness, and opportunity for further study. The results show that the trend of cannabis research is not only targeted to medical or few compounds like CBD or THC anymore, but rather than broader range of applications and more focused on terpenes and terpenoids that give different effects to multiple applications. This results study will lead new researchers to the current trend and perhaps, breakthrough of new utilization of cannabis plants.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":64623878,"asset_id":44250910,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":173528722,"first_name":"Nat","last_name":"Triamchaisri","domain_name":"thammasat","page_name":"NatTriamchaisri","display_name":"Nat Triamchaisri","profile_url":"https://thammasat.academia.edu/NatTriamchaisri?f_ri=41788","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/173528722/49698028/37681874/s65_nat.triamchaisri.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":41788,"name":"Cannabinoids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cannabinoids?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false},{"id":165799,"name":"Terpenes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Terpenes?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false},{"id":238724,"name":"Cannabis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cannabis?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false},{"id":239047,"name":"Terpenoids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Terpenoids?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_38093276" data-work_id="38093276" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38093276/Non_narcotic_opioids_and_cannabinoids_as_potential_analgesic_agents">Non narcotic opioids and cannabinoids as potential analgesic agents</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Non-narcotic opioids and cannabinoids as potential analgesic agents. It is known that cannabinoids and opioids have a central analgesic effect. it is also known that they are active and with local application. For example, ointments based... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_38093276" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Non-narcotic opioids and cannabinoids as potential analgesic agents. It is known that cannabinoids and opioids have a central analgesic effect. it is also known that they are active and with local application. For example, ointments based on marijuana are active as well as ointment on the basis of rapidly degrading endogenous endorphins and enkephalins. Such drugs alleviate pain in inflammatory processes, chronic pain, and hypothetically can be effective in cases of injury. But for the full activity of these forms of drugs are not sufficiently active. Overcoming chronic pain is an unresolved issue, despite the development of numerous drugs, various groups and types of actions and other efforts. In this paper, it is proposed to consider in more detail the possibilities of the drug design in this area, with examples of opioids and cannabinoids, in order to achieve new results at a new level of quality and safety: Local application provides a precise influence on the process, standard application affects the entire chain of passage of the pain signal, from the point of origin to the point of recognition and perception. If we use drugs that do not cross the blood-brain barrier, but are active opiates or cannabinoids, we can probably get something in between. The brain and spinal cord will not receive even one-hundredth of the drugs, but the peripheral nervous system is almost open to substances that do not pass through the lipid barrier. In this case, we do not need to worry about the drug not to defund into the bloodstream, for fear of a narcotic effect. We can increase the dose, make a subcutaneous injection, inject the drug intravenously or orally as a tablet form. Without fear of narcotic effects, addiction. Tolerance and dependence can manifest at the peripheral level, but this is in no way compared to the syndrome of drug opiate withdrawal. Nature has many examples of substances that somehow do not pass the barriers of bioavailability. These are biolabile substances, surface-active substances, substances not absorbed by the digestive system, quaternary ammonium salts that do not cross the blood-brain barrier. There are few natural cannabinoids and opiates among such substances, these are exclusively endogenous cannabinoids and opioids, they are biolabile, and this is a small window of opportunity. But chemical compounds of a similar nature are also scarce, these are topical preparations such as Loperamide (which is not absorbed in the digestive tract) and Quaternary bases of morphine derivatives (acting as laxatives, because they are alkylated in the responsible part of the molecule). The figure shows examples of a fundamentally new approach to drug design of quaternary bases from this area. These are quaternary bases which probably retain their functionality and activity, but when transformed into tertiary or secondary bases, they are inactivated. For these examples of substances, activity is possible only in the form of quaternary bases. This is a very important quality. because it eliminates the narcotic activity of catabolites. Also, such substances are characterized by high safety against overdose. As the drug is known, the design of opiates requires a very high-quality and subtle approach; otherwise, overdose and respiratory arrest are possible, even at medium dosages. But substances that do not pass through the blood-brain barrier do not require this complex adjustment during design, this requirement is absent, since even metabolites are not narcotic.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/38093276" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="af7412221c9c25ae4d65f8befc049ec9" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":58145568,"asset_id":38093276,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58145568/download_file?st=MTczMjc0MTA1Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="50102138" href="https://independent.academia.edu/YaroslavZaitsev">Yaroslav Zaitsev</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="50102138" type="text/json">{"id":50102138,"first_name":"Yaroslav","last_name":"Zaitsev","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"YaroslavZaitsev","display_name":"Yaroslav Zaitsev","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/YaroslavZaitsev?f_ri=41788","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/50102138/13167139/14467533/s65_yaroslav.zaitsev.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_38093276 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="38093276"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38093276, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_38093276", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38093276]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_38093276").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_38093276").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="38093276"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4479" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chronic_Pain">Chronic Pain</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4479" type="text/json">{"id":4479,"name":"Chronic Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chronic_Pain?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13841" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_development">Drug development</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="13841" type="text/json">{"id":13841,"name":"Drug development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_development?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="41788" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cannabinoids">Cannabinoids</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="41788" type="text/json">{"id":41788,"name":"Cannabinoids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cannabinoids?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="120789" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Design">Drug Design</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="120789" type="text/json">{"id":120789,"name":"Drug Design","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Design?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=38093276]'), work: {"id":38093276,"title":"Non narcotic opioids and cannabinoids as potential analgesic agents","created_at":"2019-01-05T09:08:44.029-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/38093276/Non_narcotic_opioids_and_cannabinoids_as_potential_analgesic_agents?f_ri=41788","dom_id":"work_38093276","summary":"Non-narcotic opioids and cannabinoids as potential analgesic agents. It is known that cannabinoids and opioids have a central analgesic effect. it is also known that they are active and with local application. For example, ointments based on marijuana are active as well as ointment on the basis of rapidly degrading endogenous endorphins and enkephalins. Such drugs alleviate pain in inflammatory processes, chronic pain, and hypothetically can be effective in cases of injury. But for the full activity of these forms of drugs are not sufficiently active. Overcoming chronic pain is an unresolved issue, despite the development of numerous drugs, various groups and types of actions and other efforts. In this paper, it is proposed to consider in more detail the possibilities of the drug design in this area, with examples of opioids and cannabinoids, in order to achieve new results at a new level of quality and safety: Local application provides a precise influence on the process, standard application affects the entire chain of passage of the pain signal, from the point of origin to the point of recognition and perception. If we use drugs that do not cross the blood-brain barrier, but are active opiates or cannabinoids, we can probably get something in between. The brain and spinal cord will not receive even one-hundredth of the drugs, but the peripheral nervous system is almost open to substances that do not pass through the lipid barrier. In this case, we do not need to worry about the drug not to defund into the bloodstream, for fear of a narcotic effect. We can increase the dose, make a subcutaneous injection, inject the drug intravenously or orally as a tablet form. Without fear of narcotic effects, addiction. Tolerance and dependence can manifest at the peripheral level, but this is in no way compared to the syndrome of drug opiate withdrawal. Nature has many examples of substances that somehow do not pass the barriers of bioavailability. These are biolabile substances, surface-active substances, substances not absorbed by the digestive system, quaternary ammonium salts that do not cross the blood-brain barrier. There are few natural cannabinoids and opiates among such substances, these are exclusively endogenous cannabinoids and opioids, they are biolabile, and this is a small window of opportunity. But chemical compounds of a similar nature are also scarce, these are topical preparations such as Loperamide (which is not absorbed in the digestive tract) and Quaternary bases of morphine derivatives (acting as laxatives, because they are alkylated in the responsible part of the molecule). The figure shows examples of a fundamentally new approach to drug design of quaternary bases from this area. These are quaternary bases which probably retain their functionality and activity, but when transformed into tertiary or secondary bases, they are inactivated. For these examples of substances, activity is possible only in the form of quaternary bases. This is a very important quality. because it eliminates the narcotic activity of catabolites. Also, such substances are characterized by high safety against overdose. As the drug is known, the design of opiates requires a very high-quality and subtle approach; otherwise, overdose and respiratory arrest are possible, even at medium dosages. But substances that do not pass through the blood-brain barrier do not require this complex adjustment during design, this requirement is absent, since even metabolites are not narcotic.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":58145568,"asset_id":38093276,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":50102138,"first_name":"Yaroslav","last_name":"Zaitsev","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"YaroslavZaitsev","display_name":"Yaroslav Zaitsev","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/YaroslavZaitsev?f_ri=41788","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/50102138/13167139/14467533/s65_yaroslav.zaitsev.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4479,"name":"Chronic Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chronic_Pain?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false},{"id":13841,"name":"Drug development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_development?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false},{"id":41788,"name":"Cannabinoids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cannabinoids?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false},{"id":120789,"name":"Drug Design","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Design?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false},{"id":695424,"name":"Localised drug delivery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Localised_drug_delivery?f_ri=41788"},{"id":794992,"name":"Anti-inflammatory drugs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anti-inflammatory_drugs?f_ri=41788"},{"id":820245,"name":"Analgesic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analgesic?f_ri=41788"},{"id":2572558,"name":"opioid epidemic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/opioid_epidemic?f_ri=41788"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_24490512" data-work_id="24490512" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/24490512/Hypnoticlike_effects_of_cannabidiol_in_the_rat">Hypnoticlike effects of cannabidiol in the rat</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/24490512" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1cf1f559c10ab4028749d57eca467981" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44823478,"asset_id":24490512,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44823478/download_file?st=MTczMjc0MTA1Nyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="29492116" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MontiJaime">Jaime Monti</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="29492116" type="text/json">{"id":29492116,"first_name":"Jaime","last_name":"Monti","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MontiJaime","display_name":"Jaime Monti","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MontiJaime?f_ri=41788","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_24490512 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="24490512"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 24490512, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_24490512", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_24490512 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 24490512; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_24490512"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_24490512 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="24490512"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 24490512; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=24490512]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_24490512").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_24490512").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="24490512"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2047" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychopharmacology">Psychopharmacology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2047" type="text/json">{"id":2047,"name":"Psychopharmacology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychopharmacology?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="41788" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cannabinoids">Cannabinoids</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="41788" type="text/json">{"id":41788,"name":"Cannabinoids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cannabinoids?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="133324" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sleep">Sleep</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="133324" type="text/json">{"id":133324,"name":"Sleep","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sleep?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="294768" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wakefulness">Wakefulness</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="294768" type="text/json">{"id":294768,"name":"Wakefulness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wakefulness?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=24490512]'), work: {"id":24490512,"title":"Hypnoticlike effects of cannabidiol in the 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data-work_id="20757712" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/20757712/Validation_of_LUCIO_Direct_ELISA_kits_for_the_detection_of_drugs_of_abuse_in_urine_Application_to_the_new_German_driving_licence_re_granting_guidelines">Validation of LUCIO®-Direct-ELISA kits for the detection of drugs of abuse in urine: Application to the new German driving licence re-granting guidelines</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/20757712" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ba1c7b9613772cba7bd047b4963d65ea" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":41545494,"asset_id":20757712,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41545494/download_file?st=MTczMjc0MTA1OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="42338513" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ChristineMoore7">Christine Moore</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="42338513" type="text/json">{"id":42338513,"first_name":"Christine","last_name":"Moore","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ChristineMoore7","display_name":"Christine Moore","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ChristineMoore7?f_ri=41788","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-20757712">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-20757712"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/RonaldAgius">Ronald Agius</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-20757712'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, 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Measurement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Uncertainty_of_Measurement?f_ri=41788"},{"id":466103,"name":"Narcotics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Narcotics?f_ri=41788"},{"id":529560,"name":"Gas Chromatography/mass Spectrometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gas_Chromatography_mass_Spectrometry?f_ri=41788"},{"id":600780,"name":"Drugs of Abuse","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drugs_of_Abuse?f_ri=41788"},{"id":642878,"name":"Ease of Use","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ease_of_Use?f_ri=41788"},{"id":688176,"name":"Amphetamines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Amphetamines?f_ri=41788"},{"id":878738,"name":"Licensure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Licensure?f_ri=41788"},{"id":901876,"name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sensitivity_and_Specificity?f_ri=41788"},{"id":1272906,"name":"Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent 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to Healthy Volunteers and Epileptic Patients</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/10781217" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d217e5876302a19eb29542d617f80246" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":47125992,"asset_id":10781217,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47125992/download_file?st=MTczMjc0MTA1OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="26243967" href="https://independent.academia.edu/OswaldoRamos2">Oswaldo Ramos</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="26243967" type="text/json">{"id":26243967,"first_name":"Oswaldo","last_name":"Ramos","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"OswaldoRamos2","display_name":"Oswaldo Ramos","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/OswaldoRamos2?f_ri=41788","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_10781217 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="10781217"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 10781217, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_10781217", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_10781217 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 10781217; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_10781217"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_10781217 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="10781217"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 10781217; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=10781217]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_10781217").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_10781217").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="10781217"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="140" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacology">Pharmacology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="140" type="text/json">{"id":140,"name":"Pharmacology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacology?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7648" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epilepsy">Epilepsy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7648" type="text/json">{"id":7648,"name":"Epilepsy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epilepsy?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10904" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electroencephalography">Electroencephalography</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10904" type="text/json">{"id":10904,"name":"Electroencephalography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electroencephalography?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="39000" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electrocardiography">Electrocardiography</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="39000" type="text/json">{"id":39000,"name":"Electrocardiography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electrocardiography?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=10781217]'), work: {"id":10781217,"title":"Chronic Administration of Cannabidiol to Healthy Volunteers and Epileptic 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Ramos","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/OswaldoRamos2?f_ri=41788","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":140,"name":"Pharmacology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmacology?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false},{"id":7648,"name":"Epilepsy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epilepsy?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false},{"id":10904,"name":"Electroencephalography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electroencephalography?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false},{"id":39000,"name":"Electrocardiography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electrocardiography?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false},{"id":41788,"name":"Cannabinoids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cannabinoids?f_ri=41788"},{"id":121705,"name":"Ethanol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethanol?f_ri=41788"},{"id":133324,"name":"Sleep","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sleep?f_ri=41788"},{"id":516735,"name":"Physical examination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physical_examination?f_ri=41788"},{"id":543531,"name":"Drug evaluation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_evaluation?f_ri=41788"},{"id":698785,"name":"Side Effect","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Side_Effect?f_ri=41788"},{"id":1147505,"name":"Antiepileptic Drug","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antiepileptic_Drug?f_ri=41788"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_70196002" data-work_id="70196002" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/70196002/Cannabis_and_Brain_Disrupting_Neural_Circuits_of_Memory">Cannabis and Brain: Disrupting Neural Circuits of Memory</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Cannabis is a federally controlled substance, it's very familiar to many but its neurobiological substrates are not well-characterized. In the brain, most areas prevalently having cannabinoid receptors have been associated with behavioral... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_70196002" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Cannabis is a federally controlled substance, it's very familiar to many but its neurobiological substrates are not well-characterized. In the brain, most areas prevalently having cannabinoid receptors have been associated with behavioral control and cognitive effects due to cannabinoids. Study over the last several decades suggested cannabinoids (CBs) exert copious oftentimes opposite effects on countless neuronal receptors and processes. In fact, owing to this plethora of effects, it's still cryptic how CBs trigger neuronal circuits. Cannabis use has been revealed to cause cognitive deficits from basic motor coordination to more complex executive functions, for example, the aptitude to plan, organize, make choices, solve glitches, remember, and control emotions as well as behavior. Numerous factors like age of onset and duration of cannabis use regulate the severity of the difficulties. People with the cannabis-linked deficiency in executive functions have been found to have trouble learning and applying the skills requisite for fruitful recovery, setting them at amplified risk for deterioration to cannabis use. Exploring the impacts of cannabis on the brain is imperative. Therefore the intention of this study was to analyze the neuropsychological effects and the impact of CBs on the dynamics of neural circuits, and its potential as the drug of addiction.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/70196002" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6c669fcdb7d4faac05129ae56e7560c6" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":80039805,"asset_id":70196002,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/80039805/download_file?st=MTczMjc0MTA1OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="211349963" href="https://independent.academia.edu/lifescienceglobal">Lifescience Global Canada</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="211349963" type="text/json">{"id":211349963,"first_name":"Lifescience","last_name":"Global Canada","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"lifescienceglobal","display_name":"Lifescience Global Canada","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/lifescienceglobal?f_ri=41788","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/211349963/71416544/59860660/s65_lifescience.global_canada.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_70196002 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="70196002"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 70196002, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_70196002", }); 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In the brain, most areas prevalently having cannabinoid receptors have been associated with behavioral control and cognitive effects due to cannabinoids. Study over the last several decades suggested cannabinoids (CBs) exert copious oftentimes opposite effects on countless neuronal receptors and processes. In fact, owing to this plethora of effects, it's still cryptic how CBs trigger neuronal circuits. Cannabis use has been revealed to cause cognitive deficits from basic motor coordination to more complex executive functions, for example, the aptitude to plan, organize, make choices, solve glitches, remember, and control emotions as well as behavior. Numerous factors like age of onset and duration of cannabis use regulate the severity of the difficulties. People with the cannabis-linked deficiency in executive functions have been found to have trouble learning and applying the skills requisite for fruitful recovery, setting them at amplified risk for deterioration to cannabis use. Exploring the impacts of cannabis on the brain is imperative. Therefore the intention of this study was to analyze the neuropsychological effects and the impact of CBs on the dynamics of neural circuits, and its potential as the drug of addiction.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":80039805,"asset_id":70196002,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":211349963,"first_name":"Lifescience","last_name":"Global Canada","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"lifescienceglobal","display_name":"Lifescience Global 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itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/28793006/Evaluation_of_a_Homogenous_Enzyme_Immunoassay_for_the_Detection_of_Synthetic_Cannabinoids_in_Urine">Evaluation of a Homogenous Enzyme Immunoassay for the Detection of Synthetic Cannabinoids in Urine</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/28793006" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="45e1a52ab52e885ceeb77d1168f5f076" rel="nofollow" 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type="text/json">{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="31806" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Forensic_Toxicology">Forensic Toxicology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="31806" type="text/json">{"id":31806,"name":"Forensic Toxicology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Forensic_Toxicology?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="41788" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cannabinoids">Cannabinoids</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="41788" type="text/json">{"id":41788,"name":"Cannabinoids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cannabinoids?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=28793006]'), work: {"id":28793006,"title":"Evaluation of a Homogenous Enzyme Immunoassay for the Detection of Synthetic Cannabinoids in Urine","created_at":"2016-09-29T05:40:04.801-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/28793006/Evaluation_of_a_Homogenous_Enzyme_Immunoassay_for_the_Detection_of_Synthetic_Cannabinoids_in_Urine?f_ri=41788","dom_id":"work_28793006","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49210714,"asset_id":28793006,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":49772888,"first_name":"Marilyn","last_name":"Huestis","domain_name":"umaryland-med","page_name":"MarilynHuestis","display_name":"Marilyn Huestis","profile_url":"https://umaryland-med.academia.edu/MarilynHuestis?f_ri=41788","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1588,"name":"Forensic 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js-work-card work_28509638 coauthored" data-work_id="28509638" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/28509638/Cannabinoid_Hyperemesis_Syndrome">Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/28509638" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="662fe4f301eb94b7b3c1dc44d1534636" rel="nofollow" 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u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="41788" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cannabinoids">Cannabinoids</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="41788" type="text/json">{"id":41788,"name":"Cannabinoids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cannabinoids?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="162159" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Differential_Diagnosis">Differential Diagnosis</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="162159" type="text/json">{"id":162159,"name":"Differential Diagnosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Differential_Diagnosis?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="217554" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nausea">Nausea</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="217554" type="text/json">{"id":217554,"name":"Nausea","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nausea?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1225171" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Syndrome">Syndrome</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1225171" type="text/json">{"id":1225171,"name":"Syndrome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Syndrome?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=28509638]'), work: {"id":28509638,"title":"Cannabinoid Hyperemesis 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Jelley","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MartinaJelley?f_ri=41788","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":41788,"name":"Cannabinoids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cannabinoids?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false},{"id":162159,"name":"Differential Diagnosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Differential_Diagnosis?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false},{"id":217554,"name":"Nausea","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nausea?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false},{"id":1225171,"name":"Syndrome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Syndrome?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false},{"id":1279078,"name":"Vomiting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vomiting?f_ri=41788"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_22608447 coauthored" data-work_id="22608447" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/22608447/Structure_activity_relationships_of_synthetic_cannabinoid_designer_drug_RCS_4_and_its_regioisomers_and_C4_homologues">Structure–activity relationships of synthetic cannabinoid designer drug RCS-4 and its regioisomers and C4 homologues</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/22608447" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a 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container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_22608447 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="22608447"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 22608447; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=22608447]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_22608447").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_22608447").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="22608447"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i></div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl6x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="41788" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cannabinoids">Cannabinoids</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="41788" type="text/json">{"id":41788,"name":"Cannabinoids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cannabinoids?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (false) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=22608447]'), work: {"id":22608447,"title":"Structure–activity relationships of synthetic cannabinoid designer drug RCS-4 and its regioisomers and C4 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Kassiou","profile_url":"https://sydney.academia.edu/MichaelKassiou?f_ri=41788","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":41788,"name":"Cannabinoids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cannabinoids?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_21370425" data-work_id="21370425" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/21370425/Hyper_priming_in_cannabis_users_A_naturalistic_study_of_the_effects_of_cannabis_on_semantic_memory_function">Hyper-priming in cannabis users: A naturalistic study of the effects of cannabis on semantic memory function</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/21370425" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d43b4d33e955aa30f199fe0f7d428a17" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":41838075,"asset_id":21370425,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41838075/download_file?st=MTczMjc0MTA1OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="16928669" href="https://ucl.academia.edu/OliverMason">Oliver Mason</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="16928669" type="text/json">{"id":16928669,"first_name":"Oliver","last_name":"Mason","domain_name":"ucl","page_name":"OliverMason","display_name":"Oliver Mason","profile_url":"https://ucl.academia.edu/OliverMason?f_ri=41788","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_21370425 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="21370425"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 21370425, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_21370425", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_21370425 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 21370425; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_21370425"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_21370425 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="21370425"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 21370425; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=21370425]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_21370425").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_21370425").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="21370425"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">15</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="635" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychiatry">Psychiatry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="635" type="text/json">{"id":635,"name":"Psychiatry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychiatry?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2349" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Semantics">Semantics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2349" type="text/json">{"id":2349,"name":"Semantics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Semantics?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2599" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychometrics">Psychometrics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2599" type="text/json">{"id":2599,"name":"Psychometrics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychometrics?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9189" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Semantic_Memory">Semantic Memory</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="9189" type="text/json">{"id":9189,"name":"Semantic Memory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Semantic_Memory?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=21370425]'), work: {"id":21370425,"title":"Hyper-priming in cannabis users: A naturalistic study of the effects of cannabis on semantic memory function","created_at":"2016-02-01T00:36:44.775-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/21370425/Hyper_priming_in_cannabis_users_A_naturalistic_study_of_the_effects_of_cannabis_on_semantic_memory_function?f_ri=41788","dom_id":"work_21370425","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":41838075,"asset_id":21370425,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":16928669,"first_name":"Oliver","last_name":"Mason","domain_name":"ucl","page_name":"OliverMason","display_name":"Oliver Mason","profile_url":"https://ucl.academia.edu/OliverMason?f_ri=41788","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":635,"name":"Psychiatry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychiatry?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false},{"id":2349,"name":"Semantics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Semantics?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false},{"id":2599,"name":"Psychometrics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychometrics?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false},{"id":9189,"name":"Semantic Memory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Semantic_Memory?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false},{"id":41788,"name":"Cannabinoids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cannabinoids?f_ri=41788"},{"id":46858,"name":"Memory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Memory?f_ri=41788"},{"id":47665,"name":"Drug Use","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Use?f_ri=41788"},{"id":133057,"name":"Young Adult","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Young_Adult?f_ri=41788"},{"id":209189,"name":"Drug abuse","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_abuse?f_ri=41788"},{"id":238724,"name":"Cannabis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cannabis?f_ri=41788"},{"id":304797,"name":"Semantic Priming","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Semantic_Priming?f_ri=41788"},{"id":413194,"name":"Analysis of Variance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analysis_of_Variance?f_ri=41788"},{"id":413195,"name":"Time Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Time_Factors?f_ri=41788"},{"id":512402,"name":"Illicit Drugs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Illicit_Drugs?f_ri=41788"},{"id":1907321,"name":"Marijuana abuse","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marijuana_abuse?f_ri=41788"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_72471342 coauthored" data-work_id="72471342" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/72471342/Neurological_Benefits_Clinical_Challenges_and_Neuropathologic_Promise_of_Medical_Marijuana_A_Systematic_Review_of_Cannabinoid_Effects_in_Multiple_Sclerosis_and_Experimental_Models_of_Demyelination">Neurological Benefits, Clinical Challenges, and Neuropathologic Promise of Medical Marijuana: A Systematic Review of Cannabinoid Effects in Multiple Sclerosis and Experimental Models of Demyelination</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Despite current therapeutic strategies for immunomodulation and relief of symptoms in multiple sclerosis (MS), remyelination falls short due to dynamic neuropathologic deterioration and relapses, leading to accrual of disability and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_72471342" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Despite current therapeutic strategies for immunomodulation and relief of symptoms in multiple sclerosis (MS), remyelination falls short due to dynamic neuropathologic deterioration and relapses, leading to accrual of disability and associated patient dissatisfaction. The potential of cannabinoids includes add-on immunosuppressive, analgesic, neuroprotective, and remyelinative effects. This study evaluates the efficacy of medical marijuana in MS and its experimental animal models. A systematic review was conducted by a literature search through PubMed, ProQuest, and EBSCO electronic databases for studies reported since 2007 on the use of cannabidiol (CBD) and delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in MS and in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis virus-induced demyelinating disease (TMEV-IDD), and toxin-induced demyelination models. Study selection and data extraction were performed by 3 reviewers, and 28 studies were selected for inclusion. The certainty of evidence was appraised using the Cochrane GRADE approach. In clinical studies, there was low-and moderate-quality evidence that treatment with ~1:1 CBD/THC mixtures as a nabiximols (Sativex®) oromucosal spray reduced numerical rating scale (NRS) scores for spasticity, pain, and sleep disturbance, diminished bladder overactivity, and decreased proinflammatory cytokine and transcription factor expression levels. Preclinical studies demonstrated decreases in disease severity, hindlimb stiffness, motor function, neuroinflammation, and demyelination. Other experimental systems showed the capacity of cannabinoids to promote remyelination in vitro and by electron microscopy. Modest short-term benefits were realized in MS responders to adjunctive therapy with CBD/THC mixtures. Future studies are recommended to investigate the cellular and molecular mechanisms of cannabinoid effects on MS lesions and to evaluate whether medical marijuana can accelerate remyelination and retard the accrual of disability over the long term.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/72471342" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="effcaf75804def585c524af2dcd66831" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":81385149,"asset_id":72471342,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/81385149/download_file?st=MTczMjc0MTA1OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="630374" href="https://kean.academia.edu/RanaZeine">Rana Zeine</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="630374" type="text/json">{"id":630374,"first_name":"Rana","last_name":"Zeine","domain_name":"kean","page_name":"RanaZeine","display_name":"Rana Zeine","profile_url":"https://kean.academia.edu/RanaZeine?f_ri=41788","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/630374/217580/159646455/s65_rana.zeine.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-72471342">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-72471342"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/VictorLongoria4">Victor Longoria</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-72471342'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-72471342').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_72471342 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="72471342"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 72471342, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_72471342", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_72471342 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 72471342; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_72471342"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_72471342 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="72471342"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 72471342; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=72471342]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_72471342").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_72471342").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="72471342"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3097" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multiple_sclerosis">Multiple sclerosis</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3097" type="text/json">{"id":3097,"name":"Multiple sclerosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multiple_sclerosis?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3471" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regeneration">Regeneration</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3471" type="text/json">{"id":3471,"name":"Regeneration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regeneration?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="37851" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroprotection">Neuroprotection</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="37851" type="text/json">{"id":37851,"name":"Neuroprotection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroprotection?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="41788" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cannabinoids">Cannabinoids</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="41788" type="text/json">{"id":41788,"name":"Cannabinoids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cannabinoids?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=72471342]'), work: {"id":72471342,"title":"Neurological Benefits, Clinical Challenges, and Neuropathologic Promise of Medical Marijuana: A Systematic Review of Cannabinoid Effects in Multiple Sclerosis and Experimental Models of Demyelination","created_at":"2022-02-25T11:25:41.977-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/72471342/Neurological_Benefits_Clinical_Challenges_and_Neuropathologic_Promise_of_Medical_Marijuana_A_Systematic_Review_of_Cannabinoid_Effects_in_Multiple_Sclerosis_and_Experimental_Models_of_Demyelination?f_ri=41788","dom_id":"work_72471342","summary":"Despite current therapeutic strategies for immunomodulation and relief of symptoms in multiple sclerosis (MS), remyelination falls short due to dynamic neuropathologic deterioration and relapses, leading to accrual of disability and associated patient dissatisfaction. The potential of cannabinoids includes add-on immunosuppressive, analgesic, neuroprotective, and remyelinative effects. This study evaluates the efficacy of medical marijuana in MS and its experimental animal models. A systematic review was conducted by a literature search through PubMed, ProQuest, and EBSCO electronic databases for studies reported since 2007 on the use of cannabidiol (CBD) and delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in MS and in experimental autoimmune encephalomyeli\u0002tis (EAE), Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis virus-induced demyelinating disease (TMEV-IDD), and toxin-induced demyelination models. Study selection and data extraction were performed by 3 reviewers, and 28 studies were selected for inclusion. The certainty of evidence was appraised using the Cochrane GRADE approach. In clinical studies, there was low-and moderate-quality evidence that treatment with ~1:1 CBD/THC mixtures as a nabiximols (Sativex®) oromucosal spray reduced numerical rating scale (NRS) scores for spasticity, pain, and sleep disturbance, diminished bladder overactivity, and decreased proinflammatory cytokine and transcription factor expression levels. Preclinical studies demonstrated decreases in disease severity, hindlimb stiffness, motor function, neuroinflammation, and demyelination. Other experimental systems showed the capacity of cannabinoids to promote remyelination in vitro and by electron microscopy. Modest short-term benefits were realized in MS responders to adjunctive therapy with CBD/THC mixtures. Future studies are recommended to investigate the cellular and molecular mechanisms of cannabinoid effects on MS lesions and to evaluate whether medical marijuana can accelerate remyelination and retard the accrual of disability over the long term.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":81385149,"asset_id":72471342,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":630374,"first_name":"Rana","last_name":"Zeine","domain_name":"kean","page_name":"RanaZeine","display_name":"Rana Zeine","profile_url":"https://kean.academia.edu/RanaZeine?f_ri=41788","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/630374/217580/159646455/s65_rana.zeine.jpg"},{"id":216975250,"first_name":"Victor","last_name":"Longoria","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"VictorLongoria4","display_name":"Victor Longoria","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/VictorLongoria4?f_ri=41788","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/216975250/75332095/63841296/s65_victor.longoria.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3097,"name":"Multiple sclerosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multiple_sclerosis?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false},{"id":3471,"name":"Regeneration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regeneration?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false},{"id":37851,"name":"Neuroprotection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroprotection?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false},{"id":41788,"name":"Cannabinoids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cannabinoids?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false},{"id":64905,"name":"CBD","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CBD?f_ri=41788"},{"id":95828,"name":"THC","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/THC?f_ri=41788"},{"id":100498,"name":"Neuroinflammation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroinflammation?f_ri=41788"},{"id":114212,"name":"Medical Marijuana","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Marijuana?f_ri=41788"},{"id":180134,"name":"EAE models","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/EAE_models?f_ri=41788"},{"id":277655,"name":"Demyelination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Demyelination?f_ri=41788"},{"id":579701,"name":"Remyelination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Remyelination?f_ri=41788"},{"id":722602,"name":"Medical Cannabis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Cannabis?f_ri=41788"},{"id":1941966,"name":"Cuprizone","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cuprizone?f_ri=41788"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_30192869" data-work_id="30192869" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/30192869/Impairment_based_legislative_limits_for_driving_under_the_influence_of_non_alcohol_drugs_in_Norway">Impairment based legislative limits for driving under the influence of non-alcohol drugs in Norway</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/30192869" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7f5ee6296e4ef53b75485c3860822325" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50652438,"asset_id":30192869,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50652438/download_file?st=MTczMjc0MTA1OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="57388409" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ElenaKvan">Elena Kvan</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="57388409" type="text/json">{"id":57388409,"first_name":"Elena","last_name":"Kvan","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ElenaKvan","display_name":"Elena Kvan","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ElenaKvan?f_ri=41788","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_30192869 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="30192869"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 30192869, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_30192869", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_30192869 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 30192869; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_30192869"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_30192869 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="30192869"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 30192869; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=30192869]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_30192869").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_30192869").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="30192869"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1588" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Forensic_Science">Forensic Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1588" type="text/json">{"id":1588,"name":"Forensic Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Forensic_Science?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28235" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary">Multidisciplinary</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28235" type="text/json">{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="31806" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Forensic_Toxicology">Forensic Toxicology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="31806" type="text/json">{"id":31806,"name":"Forensic Toxicology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Forensic_Toxicology?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="41788" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cannabinoids">Cannabinoids</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="41788" type="text/json">{"id":41788,"name":"Cannabinoids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cannabinoids?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=30192869]'), work: {"id":30192869,"title":"Impairment based legislative limits for driving under the influence of non-alcohol drugs in Norway","created_at":"2016-12-01T00:31:01.444-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/30192869/Impairment_based_legislative_limits_for_driving_under_the_influence_of_non_alcohol_drugs_in_Norway?f_ri=41788","dom_id":"work_30192869","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50652438,"asset_id":30192869,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":57388409,"first_name":"Elena","last_name":"Kvan","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ElenaKvan","display_name":"Elena Kvan","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ElenaKvan?f_ri=41788","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1588,"name":"Forensic Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Forensic_Science?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false},{"id":31806,"name":"Forensic Toxicology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Forensic_Toxicology?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false},{"id":41788,"name":"Cannabinoids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cannabinoids?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false},{"id":51645,"name":"Norway","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Norway?f_ri=41788"},{"id":121705,"name":"Ethanol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethanol?f_ri=41788"},{"id":133351,"name":"Benzodiazepines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Benzodiazepines?f_ri=41788"},{"id":466103,"name":"Narcotics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Narcotics?f_ri=41788"},{"id":1423077,"name":"Substance-Related Disorders","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Substance-Related_Disorders?f_ri=41788"},{"id":2248971,"name":"Automobile driving","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Automobile_driving?f_ri=41788"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_18408484" data-work_id="18408484" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/18408484/Qualitative_high_performance_thin_layer_chromatography_HPTLC_analysis_of_cannabinoids_in_urine_samples_of_Cannabis_abusers">Qualitative high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) analysis of cannabinoids in urine samples of Cannabis abusers</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Cannabis is one of the most commonly abused drugs worldwide. There is a distinct clinical correlation between cannabis abuse and mental disorders. However, it is essential to establish cannabis intake in the abusers in order to establish... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_18408484" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Cannabis is one of the most commonly abused drugs worldwide. There is a distinct clinical correlation between cannabis abuse and mental disorders. However, it is essential to establish cannabis intake in the abusers in order to establish causality between cannabis and psychiatric illness. The limitations of current detection methods using commercial cassettes prompted us to standardize the method of extraction and detection of cannabinoids in the urine samples of cannabis abusers attending a de-addiction centre in south India. In this study, diagnostic tests on 102 male patients suspected with cannabis abuse were done. Liquid-liquid extraction of cannabinoids from urine was done and screened by Duquenois-Levine, fast blue B salt and p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde (p-DMAB) tests. All the results were confirmed by high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC). Samples were considered positive for cannabis based on the positive indication in colour test and by detection of 11-nor-del...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/18408484" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="253b7faf247c956a6ebf0f1958562d0a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":40048091,"asset_id":18408484,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40048091/download_file?st=MTczMjc0MTA1OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="27117505" href="https://kar.academia.edu/priyamvadasharma">priyamvada sharma</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="27117505" type="text/json">{"id":27117505,"first_name":"priyamvada","last_name":"sharma","domain_name":"kar","page_name":"priyamvadasharma","display_name":"priyamvada sharma","profile_url":"https://kar.academia.edu/priyamvadasharma?f_ri=41788","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/27117505/7654762/8588220/s65_priyamvada.sharma.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_18408484 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="18408484"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 18408484, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_18408484", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=18408484]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_18408484").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_18408484").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="18408484"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="41788" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cannabinoids">Cannabinoids</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="41788" type="text/json">{"id":41788,"name":"Cannabinoids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cannabinoids?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="43838" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/India">India</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="43838" type="text/json">{"id":43838,"name":"India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/India?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="888739" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quntitative_Thin_Layer_Chromatography">Quntitative Thin Layer Chromatography</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="888739" type="text/json">{"id":888739,"name":"Quntitative Thin Layer Chromatography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quntitative_Thin_Layer_Chromatography?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=18408484]'), work: {"id":18408484,"title":"Qualitative high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) analysis of cannabinoids in urine samples of Cannabis abusers","created_at":"2015-11-15T20:29:29.238-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/18408484/Qualitative_high_performance_thin_layer_chromatography_HPTLC_analysis_of_cannabinoids_in_urine_samples_of_Cannabis_abusers?f_ri=41788","dom_id":"work_18408484","summary":"Cannabis is one of the most commonly abused drugs worldwide. There is a distinct clinical correlation between cannabis abuse and mental disorders. However, it is essential to establish cannabis intake in the abusers in order to establish causality between cannabis and psychiatric illness. The limitations of current detection methods using commercial cassettes prompted us to standardize the method of extraction and detection of cannabinoids in the urine samples of cannabis abusers attending a de-addiction centre in south India. In this study, diagnostic tests on 102 male patients suspected with cannabis abuse were done. Liquid-liquid extraction of cannabinoids from urine was done and screened by Duquenois-Levine, fast blue B salt and p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde (p-DMAB) tests. All the results were confirmed by high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC). Samples were considered positive for cannabis based on the positive indication in colour test and by detection of 11-nor-del...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":40048091,"asset_id":18408484,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":27117505,"first_name":"priyamvada","last_name":"sharma","domain_name":"kar","page_name":"priyamvadasharma","display_name":"priyamvada sharma","profile_url":"https://kar.academia.edu/priyamvadasharma?f_ri=41788","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/27117505/7654762/8588220/s65_priyamvada.sharma.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":41788,"name":"Cannabinoids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cannabinoids?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false},{"id":43838,"name":"India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/India?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false},{"id":888739,"name":"Quntitative Thin Layer Chromatography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quntitative_Thin_Layer_Chromatography?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_13483602 coauthored" data-work_id="13483602" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13483602/Growing_medicine_Small_scale_cannabis_cultivation_for_medical_purposes_in_six_different_countries">Growing medicine: Small-scale cannabis cultivation for medical purposes in six different countries</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13483602" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa 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itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="288700" href="https://rmit.academia.edu/tronica">Monica Barratt</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="288700" type="text/json">{"id":288700,"first_name":"Monica","last_name":"Barratt","domain_name":"rmit","page_name":"tronica","display_name":"Monica Barratt","profile_url":"https://rmit.academia.edu/tronica?f_ri=41788","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/288700/60098/36743059/s65_monica.barratt.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-13483602">+4</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-13483602"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/PekkaHakkarainen">Pekka Hakkarainen</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://lancaster.academia.edu/GaryPotter">Gary Potter</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://ugent.academia.edu/TomDecorte">Tom Decorte</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://frankfurt-university.academia.edu/BerndWerse">Bernd Werse</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-13483602'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-13483602').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_13483602 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="13483602"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong 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Behavior</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1048" type="text/json">{"id":1048,"name":"Health Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Behavior?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5392" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Internet_research_methods">Internet research methods</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5392" type="text/json">{"id":5392,"name":"Internet research methods","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Internet_research_methods?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6697" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Australia">Australia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6697" type="text/json">{"id":6697,"name":"Australia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Australia?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22506" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent">Adolescent</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="22506" type="text/json">{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=13483602]'), work: {"id":13483602,"title":"Growing medicine: Small-scale cannabis cultivation for medical purposes in six different countries","created_at":"2015-07-01T04:11:14.690-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/13483602/Growing_medicine_Small_scale_cannabis_cultivation_for_medical_purposes_in_six_different_countries?f_ri=41788","dom_id":"work_13483602","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":38877493,"asset_id":13483602,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":288700,"first_name":"Monica","last_name":"Barratt","domain_name":"rmit","page_name":"tronica","display_name":"Monica Barratt","profile_url":"https://rmit.academia.edu/tronica?f_ri=41788","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/288700/60098/36743059/s65_monica.barratt.jpg"},{"id":32696680,"first_name":"Pekka","last_name":"Hakkarainen","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PekkaHakkarainen","display_name":"Pekka Hakkarainen","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PekkaHakkarainen?f_ri=41788","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":1770468,"first_name":"Gary","last_name":"Potter","domain_name":"lancaster","page_name":"GaryPotter","display_name":"Gary Potter","profile_url":"https://lancaster.academia.edu/GaryPotter?f_ri=41788","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1770468/913001/1141025/s65_gary.potter.jpg"},{"id":36210980,"first_name":"Tom","last_name":"Decorte","domain_name":"ugent","page_name":"TomDecorte","display_name":"Tom Decorte","profile_url":"https://ugent.academia.edu/TomDecorte?f_ri=41788","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":43381886,"first_name":"Bernd","last_name":"Werse","domain_name":"frankfurt-university","page_name":"BerndWerse","display_name":"Bernd Werse","profile_url":"https://frankfurt-university.academia.edu/BerndWerse?f_ri=41788","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/43381886/12487636/159213448/s65_bernd.werse.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1048,"name":"Health Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Behavior?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false},{"id":5392,"name":"Internet research methods","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Internet_research_methods?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false},{"id":6697,"name":"Australia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Australia?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false},{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false},{"id":41788,"name":"Cannabinoids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cannabinoids?f_ri=41788"},{"id":46406,"name":"Motivation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Motivation?f_ri=41788"},{"id":53881,"name":"Drug Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Policy?f_ri=41788"},{"id":57511,"name":"Cross-Cultural Comparison","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross-Cultural_Comparison?f_ri=41788"},{"id":75826,"name":"Europe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Europe?f_ri=41788"},{"id":114212,"name":"Medical Marijuana","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Marijuana?f_ri=41788"},{"id":133057,"name":"Young Adult","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Young_Adult?f_ri=41788"},{"id":238724,"name":"Cannabis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cannabis?f_ri=41788"},{"id":289271,"name":"Aged","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aged?f_ri=41788"},{"id":328060,"name":"Self medication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Self_medication?f_ri=41788"},{"id":384627,"name":"Illicit Drug Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Illicit_Drug_Policy?f_ri=41788"},{"id":466424,"name":"Internationality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Internationality?f_ri=41788"},{"id":487091,"name":"Cannabis Cultivation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cannabis_Cultivation?f_ri=41788"},{"id":1191356,"name":"Internet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Internet?f_ri=41788"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_27084988" data-work_id="27084988" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/27084988/Strategies_in_the_Rational_Drug_Design">Strategies in the Rational Drug Design</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/27084988" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5b5db963c233d45f890c2b9400af2589" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":47338248,"asset_id":27084988,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47338248/download_file?st=MTczMjc0MTA1OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" 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data-has-card-for-ri="2736" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Dynamics_Simulation">Molecular Dynamics Simulation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2736" type="text/json">{"id":2736,"name":"Molecular Dynamics Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Dynamics_Simulation?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14109" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Leukemia">Leukemia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="14109" type="text/json">{"id":14109,"name":"Leukemia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Leukemia?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="41788" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cannabinoids">Cannabinoids</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="41788" type="text/json">{"id":41788,"name":"Cannabinoids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cannabinoids?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="53354" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fullerenes">Fullerenes</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="53354" type="text/json">{"id":53354,"name":"Fullerenes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fullerenes?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=27084988]'), work: {"id":27084988,"title":"Strategies in the Rational Drug Design","created_at":"2016-07-18T19:33:01.387-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/27084988/Strategies_in_the_Rational_Drug_Design?f_ri=41788","dom_id":"work_27084988","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":47338248,"asset_id":27084988,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":51131743,"first_name":"Catherine","last_name":"Koukoulitsa","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"CatherineKoukoulitsa","display_name":"Catherine 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href="https://www.academia.edu/9260922/Evidence_for_novel_cannabinoid_receptors">Evidence for novel cannabinoid receptors</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/9260922" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f65039e1fef17b7c36b9f798a02bf9fd" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":47838806,"asset_id":9260922,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" 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cell","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Endothelial_cell?f_ri=41788"},{"id":565276,"name":"Toll-Like Receptors Therapeutics Pharmacology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Toll-Like_Receptors_Therapeutics_Pharmacology?f_ri=41788"},{"id":787310,"name":"Endocannabinoids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Endocannabinoids?f_ri=41788"},{"id":801412,"name":"Pyrazoles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pyrazoles?f_ri=41788"},{"id":1035420,"name":"Vasodilation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vasodilation?f_ri=41788"},{"id":1504508,"name":"CB 1 receptor","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CB_1_receptor?f_ri=41788"},{"id":1856873,"name":"Cannabinoid receptors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cannabinoid_receptors?f_ri=41788"},{"id":1880638,"name":"Piperidines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Piperidines?f_ri=41788"},{"id":1959362,"name":"Cannabinoid Receptor","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cannabinoid_Receptor?f_ri=41788"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_28793386" data-work_id="28793386" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/28793386/Delta_9_tetrahydrocannabinol_11_hydroxy_delta_9_tetrahydrocannabinol_and_11_nor_9_carboxy_delta_9_tetrahydrocannabinol_in_human_plasma_after_controlled_oral_administration_of_cannabinoids">Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol, 11-hydroxy-delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol and 11-nor-9-carboxy-delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol in human plasma after controlled oral administration of cannabinoids</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">A clinical study to investigate the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of oral tetrahydrocannabinol was performed. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, within-subject, inpatient study compared the effects of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_28793386" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A clinical study to investigate the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of oral tetrahydrocannabinol was performed. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, within-subject, inpatient study compared the effects of THC-containing hemp oils in liquid and capsule form to dronabinol (synthetic THC) in doses used for appetite stimulation. The National Institute on Drug Abuse Institutional Review Board approved the protocol and each participant provided informed consent. Detection times and concentrations of THC, 11-hydroxy-Delta-tetrahydrocannabinol (11-OH-THC), and 11-nor-9-carboxy-Delta-tetrahydrocannabinol (THCCOOH) in plasma were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry [limits of quantification (LOQ)=0.5, 0.5, and 1.0 ng/mL, respectively] after oral THC administration. Six volunteers ingested liquid hemp oil (0.39 and 14.8 mg THC/d), hemp oil in capsules (0.47 mg THC/d), dronabinol capsules (7.5 mg THC/d), and placebo. Plasma specimens were collected during and after each dosing condition. THC and 11-OH-THC concentrations were low and never exceeded 6.1 ng/mL. Analytes were detectable 1.5 hour after initiating dosing with the 7.5 mg THC/d regimen and 4.5 hour after starting the 14.8 mg THC/d sessions. THCCOOH was detected 1.5 hour after the first dose, except for the 0.47 mg THC/d session, which required 4.5 hour for concentrations to reach the LOQ. THCCOOH concentrations peaked at 3.1 ng/mL during dosing with the low-dose hemp oils. Plasma THC and 11-OH-THC concentrations were negative for all participants at all doses within 15.5 hours after the last THC dose. Plasma THCCOOH persisted for at least 39.5 hours after the end of dosing and at much higher concentrations (up to 43.0 ng/mL). This study demonstrated that subjects who used high THC content hemp oil (347 mug/mL) as a dietary supplement had THC and metabolites in plasma in quantities comparable to those of patients using dronabinol for appetite stimulation. There was a significant correlation between body mass index and Cmax and body mass index and number of specimens positive for THC and 11-OH-THC.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/28793386" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="146fa84e481ff303df03ff76d76d37d5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49210987,"asset_id":28793386,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49210987/download_file?st=MTczMjc0MTA1OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="49772888" href="https://umaryland-med.academia.edu/MarilynHuestis">Marilyn Huestis</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="49772888" type="text/json">{"id":49772888,"first_name":"Marilyn","last_name":"Huestis","domain_name":"umaryland-med","page_name":"MarilynHuestis","display_name":"Marilyn Huestis","profile_url":"https://umaryland-med.academia.edu/MarilynHuestis?f_ri=41788","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_28793386 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="28793386"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 28793386, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_28793386", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=28793386]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_28793386").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_28793386").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="28793386"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="524" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analytical_Chemistry">Analytical Chemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="524" type="text/json">{"id":524,"name":"Analytical Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analytical_Chemistry?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="41788" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cannabinoids">Cannabinoids</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="41788" type="text/json">{"id":41788,"name":"Cannabinoids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cannabinoids?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="58380" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Therapeutic_drug_monitoring">Therapeutic drug monitoring</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="58380" type="text/json">{"id":58380,"name":"Therapeutic drug monitoring","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Therapeutic_drug_monitoring?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="192564" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Body_Mass_Index">Body Mass Index</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="192564" type="text/json">{"id":192564,"name":"Body Mass Index","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Body_Mass_Index?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=28793386]'), work: {"id":28793386,"title":"Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol, 11-hydroxy-delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol and 11-nor-9-carboxy-delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol in human plasma after controlled oral administration of cannabinoids","created_at":"2016-09-29T05:41:40.227-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/28793386/Delta_9_tetrahydrocannabinol_11_hydroxy_delta_9_tetrahydrocannabinol_and_11_nor_9_carboxy_delta_9_tetrahydrocannabinol_in_human_plasma_after_controlled_oral_administration_of_cannabinoids?f_ri=41788","dom_id":"work_28793386","summary":"A clinical study to investigate the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of oral tetrahydrocannabinol was performed. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, within-subject, inpatient study compared the effects of THC-containing hemp oils in liquid and capsule form to dronabinol (synthetic THC) in doses used for appetite stimulation. The National Institute on Drug Abuse Institutional Review Board approved the protocol and each participant provided informed consent. Detection times and concentrations of THC, 11-hydroxy-Delta-tetrahydrocannabinol (11-OH-THC), and 11-nor-9-carboxy-Delta-tetrahydrocannabinol (THCCOOH) in plasma were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry [limits of quantification (LOQ)=0.5, 0.5, and 1.0 ng/mL, respectively] after oral THC administration. Six volunteers ingested liquid hemp oil (0.39 and 14.8 mg THC/d), hemp oil in capsules (0.47 mg THC/d), dronabinol capsules (7.5 mg THC/d), and placebo. Plasma specimens were collected during and after each dosing condition. THC and 11-OH-THC concentrations were low and never exceeded 6.1 ng/mL. Analytes were detectable 1.5 hour after initiating dosing with the 7.5 mg THC/d regimen and 4.5 hour after starting the 14.8 mg THC/d sessions. THCCOOH was detected 1.5 hour after the first dose, except for the 0.47 mg THC/d session, which required 4.5 hour for concentrations to reach the LOQ. THCCOOH concentrations peaked at 3.1 ng/mL during dosing with the low-dose hemp oils. Plasma THC and 11-OH-THC concentrations were negative for all participants at all doses within 15.5 hours after the last THC dose. Plasma THCCOOH persisted for at least 39.5 hours after the end of dosing and at much higher concentrations (up to 43.0 ng/mL). This study demonstrated that subjects who used high THC content hemp oil (347 mug/mL) as a dietary supplement had THC and metabolites in plasma in quantities comparable to those of patients using dronabinol for appetite stimulation. There was a significant correlation between body mass index and Cmax and body mass index and number of specimens positive for THC and 11-OH-THC.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49210987,"asset_id":28793386,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":49772888,"first_name":"Marilyn","last_name":"Huestis","domain_name":"umaryland-med","page_name":"MarilynHuestis","display_name":"Marilyn Huestis","profile_url":"https://umaryland-med.academia.edu/MarilynHuestis?f_ri=41788","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":524,"name":"Analytical Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analytical_Chemistry?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false},{"id":41788,"name":"Cannabinoids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cannabinoids?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false},{"id":58380,"name":"Therapeutic drug monitoring","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Therapeutic_drug_monitoring?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false},{"id":192564,"name":"Body Mass Index","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Body_Mass_Index?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false},{"id":529560,"name":"Gas Chromatography/mass Spectrometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gas_Chromatography_mass_Spectrometry?f_ri=41788"},{"id":606036,"name":"Psychotropic Drugs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychotropic_Drugs?f_ri=41788"},{"id":995181,"name":"Capsules","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Capsules?f_ri=41788"},{"id":1436039,"name":"Plant Oils","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Oils?f_ri=41788"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_51050044" data-work_id="51050044" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/51050044/A_new_one_step_synthesis_of_hexahydrocannabinoid_analogs">A new one-step synthesis of hexahydrocannabinoid analogs</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/51050044" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="80e2627073d0a846538762746b384e14" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":68913290,"asset_id":51050044,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/68913290/download_file?st=MTczMjc0MTA1OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="49068420" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DikeSuneel">Suneel Dike</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="49068420" 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type="text/json">{"id":41788,"name":"Cannabinoids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cannabinoids?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="244814" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences">Clinical Sciences</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="244814" type="text/json">{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="490260" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pyridines">Pyridines</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="490260" type="text/json">{"id":490260,"name":"Pyridines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pyridines?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=51050044]'), work: {"id":51050044,"title":"A new one-step synthesis of hexahydrocannabinoid analogs","created_at":"2021-08-27T23:57:23.901-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/51050044/A_new_one_step_synthesis_of_hexahydrocannabinoid_analogs?f_ri=41788","dom_id":"work_51050044","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":68913290,"asset_id":51050044,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":49068420,"first_name":"Suneel","last_name":"Dike","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DikeSuneel","display_name":"Suneel Dike","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DikeSuneel?f_ri=41788","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/49068420/26432352/24995653/s65_suneel.dike.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":167,"name":"Physiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physiology?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false},{"id":41788,"name":"Cannabinoids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cannabinoids?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false},{"id":490260,"name":"Pyridines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pyridines?f_ri=41788","nofollow":false},{"id":1681026,"name":"Biochemistry and cell biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biochemistry_and_cell_biology?f_ri=41788"},{"id":2230327,"name":"Aldehydes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aldehydes?f_ri=41788"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="u-taCenter Pagination"><ul class="pagination"><li class="next_page"><a href="/Documents/in/Cannabinoids?after=50%2C51050044" rel="next">Next</a></li><li class="last next"><a href="/Documents/in/Cannabinoids?page=last">Last »</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="hidden-xs hidden-sm"><div class="u-pl6x"><div style="width: 300px;"><div class="panel panel-flat u-mt7x"><div class="panel-heading u-p5x"><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-taCenter u-fw700 u-textUppercase">Related 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