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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Antiquity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Antiquity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Antiquity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Middle_Ages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Middle_Ages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Middle Ages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Middle_Ages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-19th_century_industrialisation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#19th_century_industrialisation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>19th century industrialisation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-19th_century_industrialisation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-World_War_I" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_War_I"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>World War I</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_War_I-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Inter-war_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Inter-war_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Inter-war period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Inter-war_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-World_War_II" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_War_II"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>World War II</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_War_II-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sinking_of_the_Lancastria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sinking_of_the_Lancastria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6.1</span> <span>Sinking of the <i>Lancastria</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sinking_of_the_Lancastria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Miracle_of_Saint-Nazaire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Miracle_of_Saint-Nazaire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6.2</span> <span>Miracle of Saint-Nazaire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Miracle_of_Saint-Nazaire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-U-boat_pens" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#U-boat_pens"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6.3</span> <span>U-boat pens</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-U-boat_pens-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-St_Nazaire_Raid" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#St_Nazaire_Raid"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6.4</span> <span>St Nazaire Raid</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-St_Nazaire_Raid-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-After_Operation_Chariot" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#After_Operation_Chariot"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6.5</span> <span>After Operation Chariot</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-After_Operation_Chariot-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-After_World_War_II" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#After_World_War_II"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>After World War II</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-After_World_War_II-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Education-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Education subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Schools" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Schools"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Schools</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Schools-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-University" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#University"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>University</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-University-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transport-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Transport subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Railway" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Railway"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Railway</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Railway-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Air_travel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Air_travel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Air travel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Air_travel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>International relations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-International_relations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle International relations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-International_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Twin_towns_-_sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twin_towns_-_sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Twin towns - sister cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twin_towns_-_sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cooperation_agreements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cooperation_agreements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Cooperation agreements</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cooperation_agreements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultural_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultural_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Cultural references</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultural_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-People_from_Saint-Nazaire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#People_from_Saint-Nazaire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>People from Saint-Nazaire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-People_from_Saint-Nazaire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Breton_language" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Breton_language"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Breton language</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Breton_language-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Saint-Nazaire</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 78 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-78" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">78 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Nazaire" title="Saint-Nazaire – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Saint-Nazaire" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%B1" title="سان نازير – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سان نازير" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sant-Nazer" title="Sant-Nazer – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Sant-Nazer" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Nazaire" title="Saint-Nazaire – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Saint-Nazaire" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%86-%D9%86%D8%B2%D8%B1" title="سن-نزر – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="سن-نزر" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Nazaire" title="Saint-Nazaire – Bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Saint-Nazaire" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="Bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Nazaire" title="Saint-Nazaire – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Saint-Nazaire" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BD-%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Сен-Назер – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Сен-Назер" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Сен Назер – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Сен Назер" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sant-Nazer" title="Sant-Nazer – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Sant-Nazer" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Nazaire_(Loira_Atl%C3%A0ntic)" title="Saint-Nazaire (Loira Atlàntic) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Saint-Nazaire (Loira Atlàntic)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BD-%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Сен-Назер – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Сен-Назер" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Nazaire,_Loire-Atlantique" title="Saint-Nazaire, Loire-Atlantique – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Saint-Nazaire, Loire-Atlantique" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Nazaire" title="Saint-Nazaire – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Saint-Nazaire" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sant-Nazer" title="Sant-Nazer – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Sant-Nazer" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Nazaire" title="Saint-Nazaire – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Saint-Nazaire" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Nazaire" title="Saint-Nazaire – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Saint-Nazaire" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Nazaire" title="Saint-Nazaire – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Saint-Nazaire" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%B1%CE%B9%CE%BD-%CE%9D%CE%B1%CE%B6%CE%B1%CE%AF%CF%81" title="Σαιν-Ναζαίρ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σαιν-Ναζαίρ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Nazaire" title="Saint-Nazaire – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Saint-Nazaire" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Nazaire" title="Saint-Nazaire – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Saint-Nazaire" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Nazaire" title="Saint-Nazaire – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Saint-Nazaire" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%86-%D9%86%D8%B2%D8%B1" title="سن-نزر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سن-نزر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Nazaire" title="Saint-Nazaire – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Saint-Nazaire" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sant-Nazer" title="Sant-Nazer – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Sant-Nazer" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Nazaire" title="Saint-Nazaire – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Saint-Nazaire" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%83%9D%EB%82%98%EC%A0%9C%EB%A5%B4" title="생나제르 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="생나제르" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%A5%D5%B6_%D5%86%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Սեն Նազեր – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սեն Նազեր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Nazaire" title="Saint-Nazaire – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Saint-Nazaire" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Nazaire" title="Saint-Nazaire – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Saint-Nazaire" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Nazaire_(Loira_Atlantica)" title="Saint-Nazaire (Loira Atlantica) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Saint-Nazaire (Loira Atlantica)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%9F-%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%96%D7%A8" title="סן-נאזר – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סן-נאזר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Nazaire" title="Saint-Nazaire – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Saint-Nazaire" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Nazaire" title="Saint-Nazaire – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Saint-Nazaire" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanctus_Nazarius_in_Sinnuario" title="Sanctus Nazarius in Sinnuario – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Sanctus Nazarius in Sinnuario" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sennaz%C4%93ra" title="Sennazēra – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Sennazēra" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sen_Nazeras" title="Sen Nazeras – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Sen Nazeras" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Nazaire_(Loire-Atlantique)" title="Saint-Nazaire (Loire-Atlantique) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Saint-Nazaire (Loire-Atlantique)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Nazaire" title="Saint-Nazaire – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Saint-Nazaire" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%B1" title="سان نازير – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="سان نازير" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%86_%D9%86%D8%B2%D8%B1" title="سن نزر – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="سن نزر" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Nazaire" title="Saint-Nazaire – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Saint-Nazaire" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Nazaire_(Loire-Atlantique)" title="Saint-Nazaire (Loire-Atlantique) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Saint-Nazaire (Loire-Atlantique)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B5%E3%83%B3%EF%BC%9D%E3%83%8A%E3%82%BC%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB_(%E3%83%AD%E3%83%AF%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%EF%BC%9D%E3%82%A2%E3%83%88%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E7%9C%8C)" title="サン＝ナゼール (ロワール＝アトランティック県) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="サン＝ナゼール (ロワール＝アトランティック県)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BD-%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%B3%D3%80_(%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%B3%D3%80%D0%B0)" title="Сен-НазегӀ (Атлантикин ЛуагӀа) – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Сен-НазегӀ (Атлантикин ЛуагӀа)" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Nazaire" title="Saint-Nazaire – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Saint-Nazaire" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Nazaire" title="Saint-Nazaire – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Saint-Nazaire" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Nazaire" title="Saint-Nazaire – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Saint-Nazaire" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sant-Nazer" title="Sant-Nazer – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Sant-Nazer" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Nazaire" title="Saint-Nazaire – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Saint-Nazaire" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Nazaire" title="Saint-Nazaire – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Saint-Nazaire" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Nazaire" title="Saint-Nazaire – Colognian" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Saint-Nazaire" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Colognian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Nazaire" title="Saint-Nazaire – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Saint-Nazaire" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BD-%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Сен-Назер – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сен-Назер" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Nazaire" title="Saint-Nazaire – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Saint-Nazaire" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Nazaire" title="Saint-Nazaire – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Saint-Nazaire" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Nazaire_(Loire-Atlantique)" title="Saint-Nazaire (Loire-Atlantique) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Saint-Nazaire (Loire-Atlantique)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Nazaire" title="Saint-Nazaire – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Saint-Nazaire" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Nazaire" title="Saint-Nazaire – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Saint-Nazaire" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Сен Назер – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Сен Назер" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Nazaire" title="Saint-Nazaire – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Saint-Nazaire" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Nazaire" title="Saint-Nazaire – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Saint-Nazaire" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Nazaire" title="Saint-Nazaire – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Saint-Nazaire" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="சென் நசேர் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சென் நசேர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Nazaire" title="Saint-Nazaire – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Saint-Nazaire" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BD-%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Сен-Назер – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Сен-Назер" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%87-%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="แซ็ง-นาแซร์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แซ็ง-นาแซร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Nazaire" title="Saint-Nazaire – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Saint-Nazaire" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BD-%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80_(%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0)" title="Сен-Назер (Атлантична Луара) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Сен-Назер (Атлантична Луара)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%B9-%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%92" title="سینٹ-نظارے – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سینٹ-نظارے" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Nazaire_(Loire-Atlantique)" title="Saint-Nazaire (Loire-Atlantique) – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Saint-Nazaire (Loire-Atlantique)" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Nazaire" title="Saint-Nazaire – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Saint-Nazaire" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Nazaire" title="Saint-Nazaire – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Saint-Nazaire" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Nazaire" title="Saint-Nazaire – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Saint-Nazaire" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E7%BA%B3%E6%B3%BD%E5%B0%94" title="圣纳泽尔 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="圣纳泽尔" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%81%96%E7%B4%8D%E6%BE%A4%E7%88%BE" title="聖納澤爾 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="聖納澤爾" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Nazaire" title="Saint-Nazaire – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Saint-Nazaire" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E7%BA%B3%E6%B3%BD%E5%B0%94" title="圣纳泽尔 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="圣纳泽尔" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q152027#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Saint-Nazaire" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Saint-Nazaire" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Saint-Nazaire&params=47_16_25_N_02_12_50_W_type:city(72057)_region:FR-PDL"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">47°16′25″N</span> <span class="longitude">02°12′50″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">47.27361°N 2.21389°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">47.27361; -2.21389</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=St._Nazaire&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Nazaire">St. Nazaire</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Saint-Nazaire_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Saint-Nazaire (disambiguation)">Saint-Nazaire (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Subprefecture and commune in Pays de la Loire, France</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Saint-Nazaire</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native" lang="{{{native_name_lang}}}"><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">Saint-Nazère/Saint-Nazaer</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Gallo_language" title="Gallo language">Gallo</a>) <br /> <span title="Breton-language text"><i lang="br">Sant-Nazer/Señ Neñseir</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Breton_language" title="Breton language">Breton</a>)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Subprefectures_in_France" title="Subprefectures in France">Subprefecture</a> and <a href="/wiki/Communes_of_France" title="Communes of France">commune</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:St-Nazaire-avenue1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Avenue de la République"><img alt="Avenue de la République" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/St-Nazaire-avenue1.jpg/270px-St-Nazaire-avenue1.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/St-Nazaire-avenue1.jpg/405px-St-Nazaire-avenue1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/St-Nazaire-avenue1.jpg/540px-St-Nazaire-avenue1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2049" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Avenue de la République</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Drapeau_de_Saint-Nazaire.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Saint-Nazaire"><img alt="Flag of Saint-Nazaire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Drapeau_de_Saint-Nazaire.svg/100px-Drapeau_de_Saint-Nazaire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Drapeau_de_Saint-Nazaire.svg/150px-Drapeau_de_Saint-Nazaire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Drapeau_de_Saint-Nazaire.svg/200px-Drapeau_de_Saint-Nazaire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Flag</div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_ville_fr_Saint-Nazaire_(Loire-Atlantique)_v2.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Saint-Nazaire"><img alt="Coat of arms of Saint-Nazaire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Blason_ville_fr_Saint-Nazaire_%28Loire-Atlantique%29_v2.svg/73px-Blason_ville_fr_Saint-Nazaire_%28Loire-Atlantique%29_v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="73" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Blason_ville_fr_Saint-Nazaire_%28Loire-Atlantique%29_v2.svg/109px-Blason_ville_fr_Saint-Nazaire_%28Loire-Atlantique%29_v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Blason_ville_fr_Saint-Nazaire_%28Loire-Atlantique%29_v2.svg/145px-Blason_ville_fr_Saint-Nazaire_%28Loire-Atlantique%29_v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Coat of arms</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center;">Location of Saint-Nazaire</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <div class="center" style="margin-top:1em"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 270px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="270" data-height="200" data-zoom="10" data-overlays="["_de0e946b762e5ee34744ae006b04f17e9e2988f0"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,a,a,270x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Saint-Nazaire&revid=1259369753&groups=_de0e946b762e5ee34744ae006b04f17e9e2988f0" width="270" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,a,a,270x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Saint-Nazaire&revid=1259369753&groups=_de0e946b762e5ee34744ae006b04f17e9e2988f0 2x" alt="Map" /></a></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:270px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:270px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:270px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Saint-Nazaire is located in France"><img alt="Saint-Nazaire is located in France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg/270px-France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg.png" decoding="async" width="270" height="259" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg/405px-France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg/540px-France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1922" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:40.251%;left:22.697%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Saint-Nazaire"><img alt="Saint-Nazaire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Saint-Nazaire</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of France</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:270px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:270px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:270px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pays_de_la_Loire_region_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Saint-Nazaire is located in Pays de la Loire"><img alt="Saint-Nazaire is located in Pays de la Loire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Pays_de_la_Loire_region_location_map.svg/270px-Pays_de_la_Loire_region_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="270" height="261" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Pays_de_la_Loire_region_location_map.svg/405px-Pays_de_la_Loire_region_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Pays_de_la_Loire_region_location_map.svg/540px-Pays_de_la_Loire_region_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1546" data-file-height="1497" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:55.727%;left:13.138%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Saint-Nazaire"><img alt="Saint-Nazaire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Saint-Nazaire</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Pays de la Loire</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Saint-Nazaire&params=47_16_25_N_02_12_50_W_type:city(72057)_region:FR-PDL"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">47°16′25″N</span> <span class="longitude">02°12′50″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">47.27361°N 2.21389°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">47.27361; -2.21389</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_France" title="Regions of France">Region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pays_de_la_Loire" title="Pays de la Loire">Pays de la Loire</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Departments_of_France" title="Departments of France">Department</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Loire-Atlantique" title="Loire-Atlantique">Loire-Atlantique</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Arrondissements_of_France" title="Arrondissements of France">Arrondissement</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Saint-Nazaire" title="Arrondissement of Saint-Nazaire">Saint-Nazaire</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Cantons_of_France" title="Cantons of France">Canton</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Saint-Nazaire-1" title="Canton of Saint-Nazaire-1">Saint-Nazaire-1</a> and <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Saint-Nazaire-2" title="Canton of Saint-Nazaire-2">2</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Communes_of_France#Intercommunality" title="Communes of France">Intercommunality</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Communaut%C3%A9_d%27agglom%C3%A9ration_de_la_R%C3%A9gion_Nazairienne_et_de_l%27Estuaire" title="Communauté d'agglomération de la Région Nazairienne et de l'Estuaire">CA Région Nazairienne et Estuaire</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Mayor <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">(2020–2026) </span></th><td class="infobox-data">David Samzun<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_(France)" title="Socialist Party (France)">PS</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup><b>1</b></sup></div></div></th><td class="infobox-data">46.79 km<sup>2</sup> (18.07 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Urban<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">472.2 km<sup>2</sup> (182.3 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Metro<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">741 km<sup>2</sup> (286 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2021)<sup id="cite_ref-popleg2021_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-popleg2021-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th><td class="infobox-data">72,057</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">1,500/km<sup>2</sup> (4,000/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">Urban</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (2018<sup id="cite_ref-compar_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-compar-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">186,760</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Urban density</th><td class="infobox-data">400/km<sup>2</sup> (1,000/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">Metro</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (2018<sup id="cite_ref-compar_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-compar-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">213,675</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Metro density</th><td class="infobox-data">290/km<sup>2</sup> (750/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B01:00" title="UTC+01:00">UTC+01:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Time" title="Central European Time">CET</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B02:00" title="UTC+02:00">UTC+02:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Summer_Time" title="Central European Summer Time">CEST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/INSEE_code" title="INSEE code">INSEE</a>/Postal code</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/1405599?geo=COM-44184">44184</a> /44600</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation</th><td class="infobox-data">0–47 m (0–154 ft) <br />(avg. 6 m or 20 ft)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><sup><b>1</b></sup> French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km<sup>2</sup> (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Saint-Nazaire</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">French:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[sɛ̃<span class="wrap"> </span>nazɛːʁ]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/a\/ab\/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Fabricio_Cardenas_%28Culex%29-Saint-Nazaire.wav\/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Fabricio_Cardenas_%28Culex%29-Saint-Nazaire.wav.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"LL-Q150 (fra)-Fabricio Cardenas (Culex)-Saint-Nazaire.wav"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ab/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Fabricio_Cardenas_%28Culex%29-Saint-Nazaire.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Fabricio_Cardenas_%28Culex%29-Saint-Nazaire.wav.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:LL-Q150_(fra)-Fabricio_Cardenas_(Culex)-Saint-Nazaire.wav" title="File:LL-Q150 (fra)-Fabricio Cardenas (Culex)-Saint-Nazaire.wav">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Breton_language" title="Breton language">Breton</a>: <i lang="br">Sant-Nazer/Señ Neñseir</i>; <a href="/wiki/Gallo_language" title="Gallo language">Gallo</a>: <i lang="fr-gallo">Saint-Nazère/Saint-Nazaer</i>) is a <a href="/wiki/Communes_of_France" title="Communes of France">commune</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Loire-Atlantique" title="Loire-Atlantique">Loire-Atlantique</a> <a href="/wiki/Departments_of_France" title="Departments of France">department</a> in western France,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in traditional <a href="/wiki/Brittany" title="Brittany">Brittany</a>. </p><p>The town has a major <a href="/wiki/Harbour" class="mw-redirect" title="Harbour">harbour</a> on the right bank of the <a href="/wiki/Loire" title="Loire">Loire</a> <a href="/wiki/Estuary" title="Estuary">estuary</a>, near the Atlantic Ocean. The town is at the south of the second-largest <a href="/wiki/Swamp" title="Swamp">swamp</a> in France, called "la <a href="/wiki/Bri%C3%A8re" title="Brière">Brière</a>". Given its location, Saint-Nazaire has a long tradition of fishing and <a href="/wiki/Shipbuilding" title="Shipbuilding">shipbuilding</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Chantiers_de_l%27Atlantique" title="Chantiers de l'Atlantique">Chantiers de l'Atlantique</a>, one of the largest shipyards in the world, constructed notable ocean liners such as <a href="/wiki/SS_Normandie" title="SS Normandie">SS <i>Normandie</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/SS_France_(1960)" title="SS France (1960)">SS <i>France</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Queen_Mary_2" title="Queen Mary 2">RMS <i>Queen Mary 2</i></a> and the cruise ship <a href="/wiki/Symphony_of_the_Seas" title="Symphony of the Seas">MS <i>Symphony of the Seas</i></a>, the largest passenger ship in the world until 2022. </p><p>Saint-Nazaire was a small village until the <a href="/wiki/Industrial_era" class="mw-redirect" title="Industrial era">Industrial Revolution</a> but became a large town in the second half of the 19th century, thanks to the construction of railways and the growth of the seaport. Saint-Nazaire progressively replaced upstream <a href="/wiki/Nantes" title="Nantes">Nantes</a> as the main haven on the <a href="/wiki/Loire" title="Loire">Loire</a> estuary. </p><p>As a major submarine base for the <a href="/wiki/Kriegsmarine" title="Kriegsmarine">Kriegsmarine</a>, Saint-Nazaire was subject to a <a href="/wiki/St_Nazaire_Raid" title="St Nazaire Raid">successful British raid</a> in 1942 and was heavily bombed by the <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allies</a> until 1945. Being one of the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_pockets" title="Atlantic pockets">Atlantic pockets</a>, Saint-Nazaire was one of the last territories in Europe to be liberated from German occupation, on 11 May 1945. The town was one of the most damaged in France during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint-Nazaire&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Saint-Nazaire" title="Special:EditPage/Saint-Nazaire">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2009</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Antiquity">Antiquity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint-Nazaire&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Antiquity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Archaeologists believe that Saint-Nazaire is built upon the remnants of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Corbilo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Corbilo (page does not exist)">Corbilo</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Armorica" title="Armorica">Armorican</a> <a href="/wiki/Gaulish" title="Gaulish">Gaulish</a> city populated by the <a href="/wiki/Namnetes" title="Namnetes">Namnetes</a> tribe, which (according to the Greek navigator <a href="/wiki/Pytheas" title="Pytheas">Pytheas</a>) was the second-largest Gaulish city, after <a href="/wiki/Marseille" title="Marseille">Massilia</a> (now <a href="/wiki/Marseille" title="Marseille">Marseille</a>).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Archeology suggests that the area has been inhabited since at least the <a href="/wiki/Neolithic" title="Neolithic">Neolithic</a> period, as evidenced by the presence of monuments like the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tumulus_of_Dissignac&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tumulus of Dissignac (page does not exist)">tumulus of Dissignac</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Dolmen" title="Dolmen">dolmen</a> located in the centre of the present-day city, and ancient bronzes found in the vicinity. </p><p>According to the 15th-century chronicler <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alain_Bouchart&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alain Bouchart (page does not exist)">Alain Bouchart</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brutus_of_Troy" title="Brutus of Troy">Brutus of Troy</a>, the mythical ancestor of the Bretons, travelled to Saint-Nazaire to set foot upon the new homeland of his people.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Historical accounts note that at the end of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a>, some <a href="/wiki/Britons_(historical)" class="mw-redirect" title="Britons (historical)">Britons</a> colonized the Loire estuary and later the peninsula containing <a href="/wiki/Gu%C3%A9rande" title="Guérande">Guérande</a>. The farthest extent of the Breton language in the Loire region is <a href="/wiki/Donges" title="Donges">Donges</a>, to the east of Saint-Nazaire. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Middle_Ages">Middle Ages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint-Nazaire&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Middle Ages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the late-6th-century writer <a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Tours" title="Gregory of Tours">Gregory of Tours</a>, the Roman Church sheltered the remains of the martyr <a href="/wiki/Basilides,_Cyrinus,_Nabor_and_Nazarius" title="Basilides, Cyrinus, Nabor and Nazarius">Nazarius</a> in a local basilica. According to legend, the Breton chief <a href="/wiki/Waroch_II" title="Waroch II">Waroch II</a> sent an emissary to seize these relics. The plot was foiled when the emissary fractured his skull upon the lintel of the church door. Waroch, interpreting this as a miracle, was deterred and the village thenceforth took the name of Sanctus Nazarius de Sinuario.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After this point, the history of Saint-Nazaire, like much of Europe during the Dark Ages, is not well documented. Battles occurred, such as in 1380 when <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jehan_d%27Ust&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jehan d'Ust (page does not exist)">Jehan d'Ust</a> defended the city in the name of <a href="/wiki/John_V,_Duke_of_Brittany" title="John V, Duke of Brittany">John V, Duke of Brittany</a> (known in France as Jean IV) against the Castilian fleet during the <a href="/wiki/Hundred_Years%27_War" title="Hundred Years' War">Hundred Years' War</a>. After this time, Saint-Nazaire became the seat of a parish extending from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Penho%C3%ABt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Penhoët (page does not exist)">Penhoët</a> to <a href="/wiki/Pornichet" title="Pornichet">Pornichet</a>, part of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Viscountcy_of_Saint-Nazaire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Viscountcy of Saint-Nazaire (page does not exist)">Viscountcy of Saint-Nazaire</a>. </p><p>Like the whole of Brittany, Saint-Nazaire formed part of the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Brittany" title="Duchy of Brittany">Duchy of Brittany</a> until 1532, when it was annexed by France. In 1756, a fort was built on the order of the <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel-Armand_de_Richelieu,_duc_d%27Aiguillon" class="mw-redirect" title="Emmanuel-Armand de Richelieu, duc d'Aiguillon">governor of Brittany</a> to protect the town, which by then had 600 inhabitants.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Until the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a>, Saint-Nazaire belonged to the province of Brittany. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="19th_century_industrialisation">19th century industrialisation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint-Nazaire&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 19th century industrialisation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At the beginning of the 19th century, the port consisted only of one simple harbour. As the town was so far inland, its main economy was not based on commercial fishing but on its strategic location as the lowest possible navigation point for large ships and on supplying pilots for navigation further up the Loire. In 1800, the parish of Saint-Nazaire had 3,216 inhabitants. </p><p>The modern Saint-Nazaire was created by the administration of <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_III" title="Napoleon III">Napoleon III</a>. The population of 3,216 in 1800 shows its battered history, with a mainly local (Brière), of Lower Brittany (of Morbihan in the Finistère-south), and minor representation from most other areas of France. From this point forward the population of Saint-Nazaire experienced exponential growth, which was reflected in its nickname of "Little Breton California", or "<a href="/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool">Liverpool</a> of the West". </p><p>In 1802, a road was built to develop the port, which extended by 1835 to a <a href="/wiki/Breakwater_(structure)" title="Breakwater (structure)">breakwater</a> with a navigational <a href="/wiki/Lighthouse" title="Lighthouse">lighthouse</a> at its end. The development included new basins for ships to unload to barges that carried goods further up the river. This development moved the town into the area of the city which is now called the district of "Little Morocco". This development made the town the base for the passenger steamships of the Nantes–Saint-Nazaire line, as well as making the town the alternative port for ships which could not access <a href="/wiki/Nantes" title="Nantes">Nantes</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zuidsluis_van_Saint-Nazaire.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Zuidsluis_van_Saint-Nazaire.jpg/220px-Zuidsluis_van_Saint-Nazaire.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Zuidsluis_van_Saint-Nazaire.jpg/330px-Zuidsluis_van_Saint-Nazaire.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Zuidsluis_van_Saint-Nazaire.jpg/440px-Zuidsluis_van_Saint-Nazaire.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>View of the "New Entrance" locks gates to Port Saint-Nazaire towards the Loire River</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1856, the first wet dock was dug in "Halluard City", making it possible for ships to moor and turn. This led to the construction of the town's first railway connection. In 1857, the <a href="/wiki/Chemin_de_Fer_de_Paris_%C3%A0_Orl%C3%A9ans" class="mw-redirect" title="Chemin de Fer de Paris à Orléans">Chemin de Fer de Paris à Orléans</a> (railroad company of <a href="/wiki/Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Orléans">Orléans</a>) connected Saint-Nazaire to Nantes. In 1862, the first <a href="/wiki/Transatlantic_telegraph_cable" title="Transatlantic telegraph cable">transatlantic telegraph lines</a> were installed from France to South America, coming ashore at Saint-Nazaire. 1862 also saw the construction of major shipbuilding facilities, including those of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chantier_Scott&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chantier Scott (page does not exist)">Chantier Scott</a>, which launched the first French metal-hulled ships. In 1868, Saint-Nazaire became a sub-prefecture of the town of <a href="/wiki/Savenay" title="Savenay">Savenay</a>. A second dock basin was created at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Penho%C3%ABt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Penhoët (page does not exist)">Penhoët</a> in 1881, to allow the handling of larger ships, but a lock gate built to access it cut the town in two, thus creating Old Saint-Nazaire and an artificial island called "Little Morocco". </p><p>In early 1870, Nantes-born <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Waldeck-Rousseau" title="Pierre Waldeck-Rousseau">Pierre Waldeck-Rousseau</a> joined the bar in Saint-Nazaire. In September he became, in spite of his youth, secretary to the municipal commission temporarily appointed to carry on the town's business. He organized the <a href="/wiki/National_security" title="National security">National Defense</a> at Saint-Nazaire, and marched out with his contingent, though they saw no active service due to lack of ammunition (their private store having been commandeered by the state). In 1873, he moved to the bar of <a href="/wiki/Rennes" title="Rennes">Rennes</a>, following the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/French_Third_Republic" title="French Third Republic">Third Republic</a> in 1871. </p><p>On 30 March 1894, a <a href="/wiki/Strike_action" title="Strike action">strike</a> occurred at the forging mills of Trignac in opposition to a reduction of the work force. What had seemed a small dispute escalated after a shooting in <a href="/wiki/Fourmies,_Nord" title="Fourmies, Nord">Fourmies</a>, resulting in the town getting its national nickname of "Red City". Socialists flocked to the town in defense of the striking workers, joining in the declaration of the "Fusillade de Fourmies". </p><p>In 1900, the commune of <a href="/wiki/Pornichet" title="Pornichet">Pornichet</a> was created by separating from the larger commune of Saint-Nazaire. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="World_War_I">World War I</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint-Nazaire&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: World War I"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, the city became an important debarkment port of <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_I" title="Allies of World War I">Allied</a> troops, particularly in the latter stages for the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a>. When they entered the war in 1917, they developed the town and port infrastructure, by adding additional <a href="/wiki/Drinking_water" title="Drinking water">drinking water</a> storage ponds for the town's <a href="/wiki/Water_treatment" title="Water treatment">water treatment</a> plants, and a <a href="/wiki/Refrigeration" title="Refrigeration">refrigeration</a> terminal to the docks for shipment and storage of meat and dairy products to supply their troops. </p><p>However, the presence of <a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_France" title="Prostitution in France">legal brothels (<i>Maisons Tolérée</i>)</a> resulted in a diplomatic incident. As a result of strict reformist public health concerns at home, the <a href="/wiki/American_Expeditionary_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="American Expeditionary Force">American Expeditionary Force</a> placed the <i>Maisons Tolérée</i> off limits, resulting in a dispute between the town's brothel owners backed by the mayor, versus the US Army forces. With the dispute escalating, Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Georges_Clemenceau" title="Georges Clemenceau">Georges Clemenceau</a> sent a memo to General <a href="/wiki/John_Pershing" class="mw-redirect" title="John Pershing">John Pershing</a> offering a compromise: American medical authorities would control designated brothels operated solely for American soldiers. Pershing passed the proposal to <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Fosdick" class="mw-redirect" title="Raymond Fosdick">Raymond Fosdick</a>, who on giving it to <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of War">Secretary of War</a> <a href="/wiki/Newton_D._Baker" title="Newton D. Baker">Newton D. Baker</a> promptly responded: "For God's sake, Raymond, don't show this to the president or he'll stop the war." Only after the signing of the <a href="/wiki/Armistice_with_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Armistice with Germany">Armistice</a> in November 1918, when the United States Army could no longer plead military necessity as grounds for curtailing leave, did <a href="/wiki/Venereal_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Venereal disease">venereal disease</a> rates among United States Army troops rise quickly.<sup id="cite_ref-HCNSPlse_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HCNSPlse-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Inter-war_period">Inter-war period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint-Nazaire&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Inter-war period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The post-war period brought about a period of economic depression for the shipbuilders, who consequently diversified into building <a href="/wiki/Seaplane" title="Seaplane">seaplanes</a> from 1922. In 1926 the district of <a href="/wiki/Paimb%C5%93uf" title="Paimbœuf">Paimbœuf</a> was merged with the district of Saint-Nazaire, thus reinforcing the influence of the city on the south bank of the Loire River. </p><p>Although having built <a href="/wiki/SS_Paris_(1916)" title="SS Paris (1916)">SS <i>Paris</i></a>, between 1913 and 1921, and <a href="/wiki/SS_%C3%8Ele_de_France" title="SS Île de France">SS <i>Île de France</i></a> between 1925 and 1926, as a result of the 1930s <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a> the French government commissioned a series of state programs to aid national economic activity. The state-owned shipping company <a href="/wiki/Compagnie_G%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale_Transatlantique" title="Compagnie Générale Transatlantique">Compagnie Générale Transatlantique</a> commissioned the ship builders of Saint-Nazaire to construct a new large passenger ship, which as a result between 1928 and 1934 created the <a href="/wiki/Albert_Caquot" title="Albert Caquot">Albert Caquot</a>–engineered the <a href="/wiki/Louis_Joubert_Lock" title="Louis Joubert Lock">Louis Joubert dry dock</a> – at 1,200 m × 60 m (3,940 ft × 200 ft), the largest of its kind in the world at the time – necessary to be able to accommodate the construction of <a href="/wiki/SS_Normandie" title="SS Normandie">SS <i>Normandie</i></a>. In 1932, the Saint-Nazaire casino went bankrupt and was resold to the town of Nantes: the site was redeveloped in 1935 as the first home of the current Saint-Louis school. </p><p>As a result of the national general strike of June 1936, to ensure completion of the nationally prestigious project SS <i>Normandie</i>, the government nationalised the various private shipyards into one state-owned entity, the 1861-founded <a href="/wiki/Chantiers_de_l%27Atlantique" title="Chantiers de l'Atlantique">Chantiers de l'Atlantique</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="World_War_II">World War II</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint-Nazaire&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: World War II"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the invasion of <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a> by <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Wehrmacht" title="Wehrmacht">Wehrmacht</a> army at the start of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, the combined forces of the <a href="/wiki/French_Army" title="French Army">French Army</a> and the <a href="/wiki/British_Expeditionary_Force_(World_War_II)" title="British Expeditionary Force (World War II)">British Expeditionary Force</a> failed to hold the oncoming onslaught. As part of <a href="/wiki/Operation_Aerial" title="Operation Aerial">Operation Aerial</a>, Saint-Nazaire, like <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dunkirk" title="Battle of Dunkirk">Dunkirk</a>, became an evacuation point to England for the British, with those embarking including the writer <a href="/wiki/John_Renshaw_Starr" title="John Renshaw Starr">John Renshaw Starr</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sinking_of_the_Lancastria">Sinking of the <i>Lancastria</i></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint-Nazaire&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Sinking of the Lancastria"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 17 June 1940 an estimated 9,000 British Army soldiers were embarked aboard the <a href="/wiki/River_Clyde" title="River Clyde">Clyde</a>-built cruise liner, later converted to troopship, <a href="/wiki/RMS_Lancastria" title="RMS Lancastria">RMS <i>Lancastria</i></a>, which was attacked and sunk by German <a href="/wiki/Junkers_Ju_88" title="Junkers Ju 88">Junkers Ju 88</a> bombers, mainly from <a href="/wiki/Kampfgeschwader_30" title="Kampfgeschwader 30">Kampfgeschwader 30</a>, taking with her around 4,000 victims.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is the worst disaster in British maritime history and the worst loss of life for British forces in the whole of World War II. <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a> banned all news coverage of the disaster on learning of it and it remains largely forgotten by history. A <i>Lancastria</i> memorial is located near the <a href="/wiki/U-boat" title="U-boat">U-boat</a> pens in Saint-Nazaire. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Miracle_of_Saint-Nazaire">Miracle of Saint-Nazaire</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint-Nazaire&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Miracle of Saint-Nazaire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Ball_turret" title="Ball turret">ball turret</a> gunner of an American <a href="/wiki/Boeing_B-17_Flying_Fortress" title="Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress">B-17F bomber</a> fell 20,000 ft (6,100 m) onto the glass roof of the train station, even though his parachute had been destroyed by German flak while still in his plane. The US airman, <a href="/wiki/Alan_Magee" title="Alan Magee">Alan Magee</a>, survived the fall. A German military surgeon was able to save his nearly severed arm. The airman credited his survival to a prayer to God as he recovered consciousness during his fall.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="U-boat_pens">U-boat pens</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint-Nazaire&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: U-boat pens"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Base_ssmarin_stnazaire.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Base_ssmarin_stnazaire.jpg/220px-Base_ssmarin_stnazaire.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Base_ssmarin_stnazaire.jpg/330px-Base_ssmarin_stnazaire.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Base_ssmarin_stnazaire.jpg/440px-Base_ssmarin_stnazaire.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1346" data-file-height="702" /></a><figcaption>Modern day view of the <a href="/wiki/Kriegsmarine" title="Kriegsmarine">Kriegsmarine</a> <a href="/wiki/Saint-Nazaire_submarine_base" title="Saint-Nazaire submarine base">Saint-Nazaire submarine base</a> <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Saint-Nazaire&params=47_16_32_N_2_12_08_W_type:landmark_scale:10000_region:FR"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">47°16′32″N</span> <span class="longitude">2°12′08″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">47.27556°N 2.20222°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">47.27556; -2.20222</span></span></span></a></span></span></figcaption></figure> <p>Following the surrender of France to German forces later in June 1940, the port immediately became a base of operations for the <i><a href="/wiki/Kriegsmarine" title="Kriegsmarine">Kriegsmarine</a></i> and was as such the target of <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allied</a> operations. A heavily fortified U-boat <a href="/wiki/Saint-Nazaire_submarine_base" title="Saint-Nazaire submarine base">Saint-Nazaire submarine base</a> was built by <a href="/wiki/Organisation_Todt" title="Organisation Todt">Organisation Todt</a> shortly after occupation, with a 9 m-thick (30 ft) concrete ceiling capable of withstanding almost any bomb in use at the time. </p><p>The base provided a home during the war to many of the best-known U-boat staff, including: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commander" title="Commander">Commander</a> <a href="/wiki/Georg-Wilhelm_Schulz" title="Georg-Wilhelm Schulz">Georg-Wilhelm Schulz</a> – transferred the <a href="/wiki/6th_U-boat_Flotilla" title="6th U-boat Flotilla">6th U-boat Flotilla</a> from <a href="/wiki/Danzig" class="mw-redirect" title="Danzig">Danzig</a> to the port in February 1942, where it became a combat flotilla.</li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Kapit%C3%A4nleutnant" title="Kapitänleutnant">Kapitänleutnant</a></i></span> <a href="/wiki/Carl_Emmermann" title="Carl Emmermann">Carl Emmermann</a> – took command of 6th U-boat Flotilla over from Schulz in November 1942, until it left Saint-Nazaire for <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a> in August 1944.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Commander" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant Commander">Lieutenant Commander</a> <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Schultze" title="Herbert Schultze">Herbert Schultze</a> – second in command of <a href="/wiki/7th_U-boat_Flotilla" title="7th U-boat Flotilla">7th U-boat Flotilla</a> from September 1940.</li></ul> <p>The base stands today as its extremely sturdy construction makes demolition uneconomical. The base is now used by cafes, a bar and on the roof is an exhibition about Saint-Nazaire. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="St_Nazaire_Raid">St Nazaire Raid</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint-Nazaire&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: St Nazaire Raid"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/St_Nazaire_Raid" title="St Nazaire Raid">St Nazaire Raid</a></div> <p>The huge Joubert drydock built for SS <i>Normandie</i> was the only port on the Atlantic capable of servicing the German <a href="/wiki/Battleship" title="Battleship">battleships</a> <a href="/wiki/German_battleship_Bismarck" title="German battleship Bismarck"><i>Bismarck</i></a> and <a href="/wiki/German_battleship_Tirpitz" title="German battleship Tirpitz"><i>Tirpitz</i></a>. This made the port strategically important to both the <a href="/wiki/Axis_Powers" class="mw-redirect" title="Axis Powers">Axis Powers</a> and the Allies during World War II. After <a href="/wiki/Operation_Rhein%C3%BCbung" title="Operation Rheinübung">Operation Rheinübung</a> on 18–27 May 1941, which resulted in the sinking of <a href="/wiki/HMS_Hood" title="HMS Hood">HMS <i>Hood</i></a> and the <a href="/wiki/Last_battle_of_the_battleship_Bismarck" class="mw-redirect" title="Last battle of the battleship Bismarck">sinking of <i>Bismarck</i></a>, the need for the Allies to take the Joubert dry dock out of operation was increased. On 28 March 1942, a force of 611 <a href="/wiki/British_Commandos" class="mw-redirect" title="British Commandos">British Commandos</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a> launched the <a href="/wiki/St_Nazaire_Raid" title="St Nazaire Raid">St Nazaire Raid</a> against the shipyards of Saint-Nazaire, codenamed <a href="/wiki/St._Nazaire_Raid" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Nazaire Raid">Operation Chariot</a>. An obsolete American-built <a href="/wiki/Destroyer" title="Destroyer">destroyer</a> <a href="/wiki/HMS_Campbeltown_(I42)" title="HMS Campbeltown (I42)">HMS <i>Campbeltown</i></a> was used as a ram-ship loaded with explosives. It and the Commandos succeeded in destroying the gates and machinery of the Joubert drydock, preventing its further use by the Germans during the war.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Of the 600+ navy and commando personnel, 220 returned, half were wounded. Five <a href="/wiki/Victoria_Cross" title="Victoria Cross">Victoria Crosses</a> and 69 other decorations were awarded. The Joubert dry dock was not brought back into operation until 1948. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="After_Operation_Chariot">After Operation Chariot</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint-Nazaire&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: After Operation Chariot"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The U-boat threat to supply convoys across the Atlantic made Saint-Nazaire a constant target of Allied air forces, in the face of determined <a href="/wiki/Luftwaffe" title="Luftwaffe">Luftwaffe</a> fighter opposition to raids by <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Air_Forces" title="United States Army Air Forces">United States Army Air Forces</a> <a href="/wiki/Eighth_Air_Force" title="Eighth Air Force">Eighth Air Force</a> bombers. On 3 January 1943 Colonel <a href="/wiki/Curtis_LeMay" title="Curtis LeMay">Curtis LeMay</a> led 85 <a href="/wiki/Boeing_B-17_Flying_Fortress" title="Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress">Boeing B-17 Flying Fortresses</a> of the 1st Bombardment Wing against the U-boat pens at Saint-Nazaire, on the Eighth Air Force's sixth raid against the facility. LeMay also introduced the <a href="/wiki/Combat_box" title="Combat box">combat box</a> defensive formation, echeloning three-plane elements within a <a href="/wiki/Squadron_(aviation)" title="Squadron (aviation)">squadron</a>, and squadrons within a group, to concentrate defensive firepower against fighter opposition. Only 76 aircraft found and hit the target, and during the mission seven bombers were shot down and 47 damaged. </p><p>As a result of the raid, on 14 January 1943 under directive (S.46239/?? A.C.A.S. Ops), the Allies implemented <a href="/wiki/Incendiary_bomb" class="mw-redirect" title="Incendiary bomb">incendiary bomb</a> tactics against U-boat pens, under the <a href="/wiki/Area_bombing_directive" title="Area bombing directive">Area bombing directive</a>. To minimize civilian casualties during air attacks, the Allies devised a plan to force an evacuation of the town. For three days in 1943, British <a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">Royal Air Force</a> and American aircraft dropped scores of leaflets warning the population of a planned <a href="/wiki/Fire-bomb" class="mw-redirect" title="Fire-bomb">fire-bombing</a> raid. At the end of the third day, the raid came and burned the entire city to the ground. Casualties were light as most of the civilians had heeded the warning and fled to the safety of the countryside but after that point, except for the self-contained U-boat base, Saint-Nazaire remained abandoned until the end of the war. </p><p>After <a href="/wiki/D-day" class="mw-redirect" title="D-day">D-day</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Liberation_of_France" title="Liberation of France">liberation of most of France</a> in 1944, German troops in Saint-Nazaire's submarine base refused to surrender, and they holed up (as did their counterparts in the <a href="/wiki/La_Rochelle" title="La Rochelle">La Rochelle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lorient" title="Lorient">Lorient</a> bases). Since the Germans could no longer conduct major submarine operations from the bases without a supply line, the <a href="/wiki/SHAEF" class="mw-redirect" title="SHAEF">SHAEF</a> commander, U.S. General <a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Dwight D. Eisenhower</a> decided to simply bypass these ports, and the Allied armies focused their resources on the invasion of Germany. Saint-Nazaire and the other two German "pockets" remained under German control until after the last day of the war in Europe, 8 May 1945.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="After_World_War_II">After World War II</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint-Nazaire&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: After World War II"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mairie_Saint-Naz.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Mairie_Saint-Naz.jpg/220px-Mairie_Saint-Naz.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Mairie_Saint-Naz.jpg/330px-Mairie_Saint-Naz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Mairie_Saint-Naz.jpg/440px-Mairie_Saint-Naz.jpg 2x" data-file-width="674" data-file-height="487" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_de_Ville,_Saint-Nazaire" title="Hôtel de Ville, Saint-Nazaire">Hôtel de Ville</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The town of St. Nazaire was rebuilt in the late 1940s and 1950s in a minimalist functional style. One of the last of these buildings to be completed was the <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_de_Ville,_Saint-Nazaire" title="Hôtel de Ville, Saint-Nazaire">Hôtel de Ville</a> which was completed in February 1960.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The submarine base was used by the French Navy from 1945 to 1948. It then came under the control of various chemical companies and shipbuilders.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2016<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Saint-Nazaire&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, the French diesel submarine <i>Espadon</i> is moored within the U-boat pens. Tours of the submarine are available to the public. </p><p>After the construction of <a href="/wiki/SS_France_(1960)" title="SS France (1960)">SS <i>France</i></a> in 1961, the last Compagnie Générale Transatlantique liner and the subsequent closure of the <a href="/wiki/Suez_Canal" title="Suez Canal">Suez Canal</a>, Chantiers de l'Atlantique began building large oil tankers, including <a href="/wiki/Batillus" title="Batillus"><i>Batillus</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Bellamya" title="Bellamya"><i>Bellamya</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Guillaumat_(supertanker)" title="Pierre Guillaumat (supertanker)"><i>Pierre Guillaumat</i></a> and <a href="/wiki/Prairial_(supertanker)" title="Prairial (supertanker)"><i>Prairial</i></a>. A new dry dock (Basin C) was planned for the construction of tankers over 1,000,000 tonnes but this fell through with the reopening of the Suez Canal. <a href="/wiki/Queen_Mary_2" title="Queen Mary 2">RMS <i>Queen Mary 2</i></a> was constructed at Chantiers de l'Atlantique in 2003. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint-Nazaire&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The town of Saint-Nazaire is located on the north bank of the Loire estuary (its territory includes the tip of Chémoulin which marks the end of the estuary), 50 km west of Nantes. It is near the marshes of Brière, an important regional natural park with many animal and plant species, the second largest wetland in France after the Camargue. </p><p>According to <a href="/wiki/INSEE" class="mw-redirect" title="INSEE">INSEE</a>, Saint-Nazaire is the commune-center of an <a href="/wiki/Urban_unit" title="Urban unit">urban unit</a> (commonly: agglomeration) which counted 186,760 inhabitants in 2018,<sup id="cite_ref-compar_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-compar-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> gathering 17 communes of the Loire estuary. This unit is the urban center of the urban area of Saint-Nazaire (24 communes), which had 213,675 inhabitants in 2018 and extending over Brière and almost all of the Guérande peninsula.<sup id="cite_ref-compar_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-compar-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The eastern part of the town is on the alluvial terrain between the Brière and the Loire estuary. The western part, more extensive, corresponds to the extension of the hillside of Guérande: the relief is hilly and of higher altitude, where one finds a granite and metamorphic base. Geologically, Saint-Nazaire is located in the Armorican massif. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Climate">Climate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint-Nazaire&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In close proximity to the Atlantic Ocean, the climate of Saint-Nazaire is, as with the rest of the Loire-Atlantique, of temperate oceanic type, with <i>Cfb</i> designation in <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a>. This climate is very much influenced by the Loire estuary. The winters are mild, and summer is warm. Snowfall is rare, but rain is frequent (116 days a year with precipitation) but not very intense, the annual rainfall being 789 mm. Precipitation is however relatively variable from one year to the next. The sunshine is 1,892 hours a year. </p><p>Saint-Nazaire receives mainly southwestern sector winds related to the Atlantic depressions and northeastern sector winds when the weather is more stable. The annual average wind of 4.5 m / s and there are 60 days per year of strong wind. </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:78%; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Saint Nazaire (1991-2020, extremes since 1962)<small>Coordinates:<span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Saint-Nazaire&params=47.32_N_2.17_W_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">47°19′N</span> <span class="longitude">2°10′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">47.32°N 2.17°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">47.32; -2.17</span></span></span></a></span></span></small> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFAA55; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.8<br />(62.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF8F1F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.7<br />(69.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF7800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.0<br />(75.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF6000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.5<br />(81.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF4600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.2<br />(88.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF1A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.7<br />(99.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF0300; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">41.0<br />(105.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF1500; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.4<br />(101.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF3700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.4<br />(92.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF5300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.4<br />(84.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF8D1C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.9<br />(69.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFA954; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.9<br />(62.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF0300; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">41.0<br />(105.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFDCBA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.5<br />(49.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFD6AD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.4<br />(50.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFC387; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.2<br />(55.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFB163; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.8<br />(60.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF9934; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.2<br />(66.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF8206; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.5<br />(72.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF7500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.4<br />(75.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.5<br />(76.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF870F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.9<br />(71.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFA64D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.4<br />(63.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFC388; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.1<br />(55.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFD7B0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.2<br />(50.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFAA55; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">16.8<br />(62.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFF0E2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.6<br />(43.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFEEDD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.9<br />(44.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFDFBF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.1<br />(48.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFD0A2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.2<br />(52.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA75; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.5<br />(58.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFA54B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.5<br />(63.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF9932; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.3<br />(66.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF9934; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.2<br />(66.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFAA56; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.7<br />(62.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFC082; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.5<br />(56.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFDBB8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.6<br />(49.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFEDDB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.1<br />(44.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFC78F; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">12.6<br />(54.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.7<br />(38.7) </td> <td style="background: #F9F9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.4<br />(38.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFFAF6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.1<br />(41.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFF0E2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.6<br />(43.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFDAB5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.8<br />(49.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFC790; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.5<br />(54.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFBC7A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.1<br />(57.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFBE7D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.9<br />(57.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFCF9F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.4<br />(52.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFDCBA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.5<br />(49.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFF3E8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.1<br />(43.0) </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.0<br />(39.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFE4CA; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">8.3<br />(47.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #9C9CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−13.8<br />(7.2) </td> <td style="background: #9C9CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−13.7<br />(7.3) </td> <td style="background: #B3B3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−9.4<br />(15.1) </td> <td style="background: #D6D6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.0<br />(26.6) </td> <td style="background: #E1E1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.9<br />(30.4) </td> <td style="background: #F1F1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.0<br />(35.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFF1E3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.5<br />(43.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFFDFC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.7<br />(40.5) </td> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.1<br />(34.0) </td> <td style="background: #C6C6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5.9<br />(21.4) </td> <td style="background: #BCBCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−7.9<br />(17.8) </td> <td style="background: #ADADFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−10.6<br />(12.9) </td> <td style="background: #9C9CFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−13.8<br />(7.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #7CFF7C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">87.7<br />(3.45) </td> <td style="background: #8FFF8F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">68.3<br />(2.69) </td> <td style="background: #A7FFA7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">58.6<br />(2.31) </td> <td style="background: #A7FFA7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">56.6<br />(2.23) </td> <td style="background: #ADFFAD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">54.9<br />(2.16) </td> <td style="background: #C1FFC1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">40.0<br />(1.57) </td> <td style="background: #C5FFC5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">38.6<br />(1.52) </td> <td style="background: #BDFFBD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">44.1<br />(1.74) </td> <td style="background: #9DFF9D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">63.4<br />(2.50) </td> <td style="background: #7CFF7C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">87.7<br />(3.45) </td> <td style="background: #6CFF6C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">95.4<br />(3.76) </td> <td style="background: #6EFF6E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">96.7<br />(3.81) </td> <td style="background: #9AFF9A; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">792<br />(31.19) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 1 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #6464FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.5 </td> <td style="background: #7474FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.2 </td> <td style="background: #8C8CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.3 </td> <td style="background: #8989FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.2 </td> <td style="background: #9191FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.9 </td> <td style="background: #9E9EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.6 </td> <td style="background: #A8A8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7 </td> <td style="background: #AEAEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.5 </td> <td style="background: #9A9AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.9 </td> <td style="background: #7272FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.4 </td> <td style="background: #5B5BFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.8 </td> <td style="background: #5E5EFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13 </td> <td style="background: #8585FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">116.3 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #858585; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">72.8 </td> <td style="background: #B2B276; color:#000000;" class="notheme">102 </td> <td style="background: #C3C311; color:#000000;" class="notheme">148.7 </td> <td style="background: #D1D100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">174.5 </td> <td style="background: #D9D900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">206.8 </td> <td style="background: #E0E000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">232.9 </td> <td style="background: #DFDF00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">233.1 </td> <td style="background: #DFDF00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">233.9 </td> <td style="background: #D8D800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">197.7 </td> <td style="background: #B9B94A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">127.9 </td> <td style="background: #A9A9A9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">89.8 </td> <td style="background: #848484; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">72.4 </td> <td style="background: #C8C800; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,892.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: Infoclimat<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint-Nazaire&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Schools">Schools</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint-Nazaire&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Schools"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The primary schools of Saint-Nazaire (Carnot, Jean-Jaurès, Lamartine, Jules Ferry, Ferdinand Bush, Boncourt, etc.) educate nearly 8,000 pupils in 30 school complexes. The junior schools have nearly 7,000 pupils in 12 colleges: public colleges Albert Vinçon; Pierre Norange; Manon Roland; Jean de Neyman; Jean Moulin, accommodate around 1,350 pupils each. Private colleges include: Saint-Louis (1,000 pupils, boarding school; historically a college for boys), Sainte-Therese (historically a college for girls). </p><p>The high schools educate 6,000 pupils into 11 lycées, with the mainstream education and technical school Aristide Briand having some 2,500 pupils, one of the largest lycée of France;<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> an experimental lycée, public lycée managed jointly by the teachers and the pupils; the private lycée of Saint-Louis mainstream education; the hotel private lycée Sainte-Anne; the private of mainstream education and technological college Our-Lady-in Espérance. The Cité Scolaire of Saint-Nazaire is one of largest of France, with nearly 4,000 high-school pupils. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="University">University</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint-Nazaire&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: University"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The University of Saint-Nazaire is a college of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Nantes" title="University of Nantes">University of Nantes</a>, the second largest university in France<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> with approximately 35,000 students, including nearly 5,000 on the university campus of Saint-Nazaire. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint-Nazaire&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:St-Nazaire-pont1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/St-Nazaire-pont1.jpg/220px-St-Nazaire-pont1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/St-Nazaire-pont1.jpg/330px-St-Nazaire-pont1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/St-Nazaire-pont1.jpg/440px-St-Nazaire-pont1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1333" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Pont_de_Saint-Nazaire" class="mw-redirect" title="Pont de Saint-Nazaire">Pont de Saint-Nazaire</a>, which crosses the Loire</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Route_nationale" title="Route nationale">Route nationale</a> <a href="/wiki/Route_nationale_165" title="Route nationale 165">N165</a>/N161 (<a href="/wiki/European_route_E60" title="European route E60">E60 route</a>) connects Saint-Nazaire to Nantes and <a href="/wiki/Rennes" title="Rennes">Rennes</a> via the <a href="/wiki/Pont_de_Saint-Nazaire" class="mw-redirect" title="Pont de Saint-Nazaire">Pont de Saint-Nazaire</a>, which crosses the Loire. Paris is then accessed via the A10/A11 in Nantes. Valves, Lorient, Quimper and Brest are accessed via the N165. </p><p>A project to review a second crossing of the Loire between Nantes and Saint Nazaire is being considered, planned to be constructed and operational by 2025. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Railway">Railway</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint-Nazaire&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Railway"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Gare_de_Saint-Nazaire" class="mw-redirect" title="Gare de Saint-Nazaire">Gare de Saint-Nazaire</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:St-Nazaire-theatre1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/St-Nazaire-theatre1.jpg/220px-St-Nazaire-theatre1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/St-Nazaire-theatre1.jpg/330px-St-Nazaire-theatre1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/St-Nazaire-theatre1.jpg/440px-St-Nazaire-theatre1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1333" /></a><figcaption>The old Saint-Nazaire station building</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Gare_de_Saint-Nazaire" class="mw-redirect" title="Gare de Saint-Nazaire">Saint-Nazaire railway station</a> is served by both the <a href="/wiki/TGV" title="TGV">TGV</a> and regional trains and buses of the <a href="/wiki/TER_Pays_de_la_Loire" title="TER Pays de la Loire">TER Pays de la Loire</a>. <a href="/wiki/TGV" title="TGV">TGV</a> (high speed train) connection to Paris, <a href="/wiki/Lyon" title="Lyon">Lyon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marseille" title="Marseille">Marseille</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lille" title="Lille">Lille</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg">Strasbourg</a>, with trains to Paris via the <a href="/wiki/LGV_Atlantique" title="LGV Atlantique">LGV Atlantique</a> taking just over 2 hours. TER Pays de la Loire provides links to <a href="/wiki/Gare_de_Nantes" class="mw-redirect" title="Gare de Nantes">Nantes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Angers" title="Angers">Angers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Le_Mans" title="Le Mans">Le Mans</a>, <a href="/wiki/La_Roche_sur_Yon" class="mw-redirect" title="La Roche sur Yon">La Roche sur Yon</a>, and other regional cities and towns. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Air_travel">Air travel</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint-Nazaire&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Air travel"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Saint-Nazaire airport is located 5 km (3 mi) south-east of Saint-Nazaire, in the <i>commune</i> of <a href="/wiki/Montoir-de-Bretagne" title="Montoir-de-Bretagne">Montoir-de-Bretagne</a>. It has an annual capacity of approximately 150,000 passengers, and is the operational and maintenance base for <a href="/wiki/Eagle_Aviation_France" title="Eagle Aviation France">Eagle Aviation France</a>. </p><p>International travel is via <a href="/wiki/Nantes_Atlantique_Airport" title="Nantes Atlantique Airport">Nantes Atlantique Airport</a>, the biggest airport in western France, linking with several French and European cities as well as <a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a> in Canada (seasonally) and some cities in North Africa. A new airport was planned that was to be situated 30 km (19 mi) to the north-west of Nantes in the <i>commune</i> of <a href="/wiki/Notre-Dame-des-Landes" title="Notre-Dame-des-Landes">Notre-Dame-des-Landes</a>. Called <a href="/wiki/A%C3%A9roport_du_Grand_Ouest" title="Aéroport du Grand Ouest">Aéroport du Grand Ouest</a>, it was officially cancelled in 2018. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint-Nazaire&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ChantiersAtlantique.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/ChantiersAtlantique.jpg/220px-ChantiersAtlantique.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/ChantiersAtlantique.jpg/330px-ChantiersAtlantique.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/ChantiersAtlantique.jpg/440px-ChantiersAtlantique.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="520" /></a><figcaption>The shipyards of Chantiers de l'Atlantique, Saint-Nazaire</figcaption></figure> <p>The economy of the city is founded on the activity of the port, including export of manufactured goods but also on the services, being given sizeable size of the city. Commercial fishing has almost completely disappeared in spite of the existence of a small fleet of fisheries and fishing vessels. </p><p>Saint-Nazaire suffered heavily from the downsizing of shipbuilding activity in western Europe in the 1960s and 1970s, after the completion of the national passenger liner, SS <i>France</i>. For a long time in the 1980s, Saint-Nazaire remained an economically depressed area with unemployment rates above 20%. Today, the local economy is more diversified and its situation is more in line with that of France as a whole. The major industries are: </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ville_de_Bordeaux.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Ville_de_Bordeaux.jpg/220px-Ville_de_Bordeaux.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Ville_de_Bordeaux.jpg/330px-Ville_de_Bordeaux.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Ville_de_Bordeaux.jpg/440px-Ville_de_Bordeaux.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1136" data-file-height="852" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Airbus_A380" title="Airbus A380">Airbus A380</a> transporter ship <i><a href="/wiki/Ville_de_Bordeaux" title="Ville de Bordeaux">Ville de Bordeaux</a></i></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shipyard" title="Shipyard">Shipyard</a> – having previously concentrated on both naval and cargo ship construction, <a href="/wiki/Chantiers_de_l%27Atlantique" title="Chantiers de l'Atlantique">Chantiers de l'Atlantique</a> has completed a successful reconversion to cruise ship building and is now one of the world leaders in this sector. Purchased by <a href="/wiki/Aker_Yards" class="mw-redirect" title="Aker Yards">Aker Yards</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Cunard_Line" title="Cunard Line">Cunard Line</a>'s new flagship, RMS <i>Queen Mary 2</i>, was built in Saint-Nazaire.</li> <li>Airbus – Saint-Nazaire is one of the European centers of <a href="/wiki/Airbus" title="Airbus">Airbus</a>, responsible for the fitting out of aircraft fuselage sections. Originally a factory built for <a href="/wiki/SNCASO" title="SNCASO">SNCASO</a>, it is located at Penhoët, immediate north of the sites of Chantiers de l'Atlantique. An additional facility was built in Gron in 1980. For the <a href="/wiki/Airbus_A380" title="Airbus A380">Airbus A380</a>, the Airbus <a href="/wiki/Roll-on/roll-off" title="Roll-on/roll-off">Roll-on/roll-off</a> (RORO) ship <a href="/wiki/Ville_de_Bordeaux" title="Ville de Bordeaux"><i>Ville de Bordeaux</i></a> brings fuselage sections from <a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a>, (Germany) for larger, assembled sections, some of which include the nose. The ship then unloads these sections plus wings from <a href="/wiki/Filton" title="Filton">Filton</a>, Bristol and <a href="/wiki/Broughton,_Flintshire" title="Broughton, Flintshire">Broughton</a> in North <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a> at <a href="/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux">Bordeaux</a>. From there, the A380 parts are transported by barge to <a href="/wiki/Langon,_Gironde" title="Langon, Gironde">Langon, Gironde</a>, and by oversize road convoys to the assembly hall in <a href="/wiki/Toulouse" title="Toulouse">Toulouse</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-A380_convoys_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-A380_convoys-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> New wider roads, canal systems and barges were developed to deliver the A380 parts. After assembly, the aircraft are flown to Hamburg, <a href="/wiki/XFW" class="mw-redirect" title="XFW">XFW</a> to be furnished and painted.</li> <li>Aeronautical engineering – Famat, a joint-venture company between <a href="/wiki/Snecma" class="mw-redirect" title="Snecma">Snecma</a> and <a href="/wiki/General_Electric" title="General Electric">General Electric</a>, has a factory in Saint-Nazaire. Employing approximately 450 people, Famat specializes in the manufacture of structural elements for <a href="/wiki/Turbojet" title="Turbojet">turbojets</a>.</li> <li>Mechanical engineering – <a href="/wiki/MAN_B%26W_Diesel" class="mw-redirect" title="MAN B&W Diesel">SEMT Pielstick</a>, a manufacturer of diesel engines intended for naval and railway applications and for electrical production. Now part of <a href="/wiki/MAN_B%26W_Diesel" class="mw-redirect" title="MAN B&W Diesel">MAN B&W Diesel</a>, the SEMT Pielstick factory employed in 2006 670 people in Saint-Nazaire.</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SaintNazaireWindFarm.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/SaintNazaireWindFarm.jpg/220px-SaintNazaireWindFarm.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/SaintNazaireWindFarm.jpg/330px-SaintNazaireWindFarm.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/SaintNazaireWindFarm.jpg/440px-SaintNazaireWindFarm.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4504" data-file-height="2492" /></a><figcaption>The Saint-Nazaire wind farm from space.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Port – the primary French port on the Atlantic coast. Now busier than its rival Nantes, it is managed by the Port Authority of Nantes-Saint-Nazaire. The port terminal handles high volumes of food products, and methane, and oil company Elf de Donges and many other industries.</li></ul> <p>Saint Nazaire hosts the first French <a href="/wiki/Offshore_wind_farm" class="mw-redirect" title="Offshore wind farm">offshore wind farm</a> with 80 wind turbines that will produce enough power to cover consumptions of around 700,000 people.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AMYNTAS_Donges_1_by_NS.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/AMYNTAS_Donges_1_by_NS.jpg/220px-AMYNTAS_Donges_1_by_NS.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/AMYNTAS_Donges_1_by_NS.jpg/330px-AMYNTAS_Donges_1_by_NS.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/AMYNTAS_Donges_1_by_NS.jpg/440px-AMYNTAS_Donges_1_by_NS.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>AMYNTAS, new VLCC inaugurated in February 2019 berthing at Donges / Saint-Nazaire (France).</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AMYNTAS_Donges_2_by_NS.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/AMYNTAS_Donges_2_by_NS.jpg/220px-AMYNTAS_Donges_2_by_NS.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/AMYNTAS_Donges_2_by_NS.jpg/330px-AMYNTAS_Donges_2_by_NS.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/AMYNTAS_Donges_2_by_NS.jpg/440px-AMYNTAS_Donges_2_by_NS.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Rear view of the AMYNTAS.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="International_relations">International relations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint-Nazaire&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: International relations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Twin_towns_-_sister_cities">Twin towns - sister cities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint-Nazaire&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Twin towns - sister cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_France" title="List of twin towns and sister cities in France">List of twin towns and sister cities in France</a></div> <p>Saint-Nazaire is <a href="/wiki/Twin_towns_and_sister_cities" class="mw-redirect" title="Twin towns and sister cities">twinned</a> with:<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Avil%C3%A9s" title="Avilés">Avilés</a>, Spain</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Saarlouis" title="Saarlouis">Saarlouis</a>, Germany, since 1969</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/England" title="England"><img alt="England" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/23px-Flag_of_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/35px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/46px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/City_of_Sunderland" title="City of Sunderland">Sunderland</a>, England, United Kingdom, since 1953</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cooperation_agreements">Cooperation agreements</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint-Nazaire&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Cooperation agreements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon"><img alt="Cameroon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Cameroon.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cameroon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Cameroon.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cameroon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Cameroon.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cameroon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kribi" title="Kribi">Kribi</a>, Cameroon</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia"><img alt="Tunisia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Mahdia" title="Mahdia">Mahdia</a>, Tunisia</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultural_references">Cultural references</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint-Nazaire&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Cultural references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1943 <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Cinema of the United Kingdom">British film</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Tomorrow_We_Live_(1943_film)" title="Tomorrow We Live (1943 film)">Tomorrow We Live</a></i>, directed by <a href="/wiki/George_King_(film_director)" title="George King (film director)">George King</a>, and starring <a href="/wiki/John_Clements_(actor)" title="John Clements (actor)">John Clements</a>, <a href="/wiki/Godfrey_Tearle" title="Godfrey Tearle">Godfrey Tearle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greta_Gynt" title="Greta Gynt">Greta Gynt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Sinclair" title="Hugh Sinclair">Hugh Sinclair</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yvonne_Arnaud" title="Yvonne Arnaud">Yvonne Arnaud</a>.</li> <li>In the book of <i><a href="/wiki/Das_Boot" title="Das Boot">Das Boot</a></i> Saint-Nazaire was the base used in the novel. The film changed the location to <a href="/wiki/La_Rochelle" title="La Rochelle">La Rochelle</a> because its appearance had not changed to such a large degree in the years following World War II.</li> <li>Saint-Nazaire, under the Arabicized name "Nsara", is the setting for Book Nine in <a href="/wiki/Kim_Stanley_Robinson" title="Kim Stanley Robinson">Kim Stanley Robinson</a>'s 2002 alternate-history novel <i><a href="/wiki/The_Years_of_Rice_and_Salt" title="The Years of Rice and Salt">The Years of Rice and Salt</a></i>.</li> <li>In the Franco-Canadian CGI Cartoon <a href="/wiki/Skyland" title="Skyland">Skyland</a>, Saint Nazaire is a name of a pirate flagship participating in a losing rebellion trying to overthrow a corrupt <a href="/wiki/Military_Dictatorship" class="mw-redirect" title="Military Dictatorship">military dictatorship</a></li> <li>The video game <a href="/wiki/Medal_of_Honor:_European_Assault" title="Medal of Honor: European Assault">Medal of Honor: European Assault</a> opens with the British raid on St. Nazaire.</li> <li>Cyllage City from the Game <a href="/wiki/Pok%C3%A9mon_X_%26_Y" class="mw-redirect" title="Pokémon X & Y">Pokémon X & Y</a> is based on Saint-Nazaire.</li> <li>Saint-Nazaire is the title of a song from American alternative rock band <a href="/wiki/Pixies_(band)" title="Pixies (band)">Pixies</a> on the album <a href="/wiki/Beneath_the_Eyrie" title="Beneath the Eyrie">Beneath the Eyrie</a>.</li> <li>The song, "<a href="/wiki/Mademoiselle_from_Armenti%C3%A8res" title="Mademoiselle from Armentières">Mademoiselle from Armentières</a>", has the lines, "Mademoiselle from Saint-Nazaire:/She never heard of underwear."</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="People_from_Saint-Nazaire">People from Saint-Nazaire</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint-Nazaire&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: People from Saint-Nazaire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Saint-Nazaire" title="Category:People from Saint-Nazaire">Category:People from Saint-Nazaire</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9-Yves_Creston" title="René-Yves Creston">René-Yves Creston</a> (1898–1964), artist, ethnologist, resister and Breton nationalist, founder of the artistic movement and social Art Seiz Breur</li> <li><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odette_du_Puigaudeau" class="extiw" title="fr:Odette du Puigaudeau">Odette du Puigaudeau</a> (1894–1991), ethnologist</li> <li><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fernand_Gu%C3%A9riff" class="extiw" title="fr:Fernand Guériff">Fernand Guériff</a> (1914–1994), scholar, type-setter, historian, journalist devoted mainly to the soil of the peninsula guérandaise 5</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yann_Goulet" title="Yann Goulet">Yann Goulet</a> (1914–1999), sculptor, <a href="/wiki/Breton_nationalism" title="Breton nationalism">Breton nationalist</a> and war-time collaborationist with Nazi Germany who headed the Breton <i>Bagadou Stourm</i> militia. He later took Irish citizenship and became professor of sculpture at the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Hibernian_Academy" title="Royal Hibernian Academy">Royal Hibernian Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_L%C3%A9ra" class="mw-redirect" title="Marie Léra">Marie Léra</a> (1864-1958), journalist, novelist, translator</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_L%C3%A9v%C3%AAque" title="Roger Lévêque">Roger Lévêque</a>, (5 December 1920 – 30 June 2002), a professional <a href="/wiki/Road_racing_cyclist" class="mw-redirect" title="Road racing cyclist">road racing cyclist</a> from 1946 to 1953</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonel_Moutarde" title="Colonel Moutarde">Colonel Moutarde</a> (born 1968), illustrator</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St%C3%A9phane_Hoffmann" title="Stéphane Hoffmann">Stéphane Hoffmann</a>, (born 1958), writer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Heurtebis" title="Tony Heurtebis">Tony Heurtebis</a>, (15 January 1975), football goalkeeper who played for <a href="/wiki/FC_Nantes_Atlantique" class="mw-redirect" title="FC Nantes Atlantique">FC Nantes Atlantique</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_R._Graham" title="Pierre R. Graham">Pierre R. Graham</a> (born 1922), 6th <a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_the_United_States_to_Burkina_Faso" title="List of ambassadors of the United States to Burkina Faso">US ambassador to Burkina Faso</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sandra_Gomis" title="Sandra Gomis">Sandra Gomis</a> (born 1983), athlete</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryan_Coquard" title="Bryan Coquard">Bryan Coquard</a> (born 1992), Professional Cyclist for <a href="/wiki/Team_Europcar" class="mw-redirect" title="Team Europcar">Team Europcar</a> – 2012 Olympic Silver medalist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serge_(llama)" title="Serge (llama)">Serge</a> (born 2005), <a href="/wiki/Llama" title="Llama">llama</a> that became an <a href="/wiki/Internet_meme" title="Internet meme">internet meme</a> after being kidnapped by five drunk students in November 2013</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincent_Talio" title="Vincent Talio">Vincent Talio</a> (born 1981), footballer</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint-Nazaire&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236656977">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:45em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:none;clear:none;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr valign="top"><td style="padding:0 0.5em"><table style="border-spacing:0;width:15em"><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Per annum growth rate" class="abbr-header">±% p.a.</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1793</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">3,381</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1800</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">3,316</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.28%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1806</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">3,303</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.07%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1821</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">3,204</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.20%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1831</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">3,789</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+1.69%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1841</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">3,771</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.05%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1846</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">4,145</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.91%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1851</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">5,318</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+5.11%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1856</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">5,743</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.55%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1861</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">10,845</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+13.56%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1866</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">18,896</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+11.74%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1872</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">17,066</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−1.68%</td></tr></tbody></table></td><td style="padding:0 0.5em;border-left:solid 1px #aaa"><table style="border-spacing:0;width:15em"><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Per annum growth rate" class="abbr-header">±% p.a.</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1876</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">18,300</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.76%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1881</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">19,626</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.41%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1886</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">25,575</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+5.44%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1891</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">30,935</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+3.88%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1896</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">30,813</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.08%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1901</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">35,813</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+3.05%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1906</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">35,762</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.03%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1911</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">38,267</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+1.36%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1921</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">41,631</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.85%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1926</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">39,411</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−1.09%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1931</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">40,488</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.54%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1936</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">43,281</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.34%</td></tr></tbody></table></td><td style="padding:0 0.5em;border-left:solid 1px #aaa"><table style="border-spacing:0;width:15em"><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Per annum growth rate" class="abbr-header">±% p.a.</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1946</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">11,802</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">−12.19%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1954</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">39,350</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+16.24%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1962</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">58,286</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+5.03%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1968</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">63,289</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.38%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1975</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">69,251</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.29%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1982</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">68,348</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">−0.19%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1990</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">64,812</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.66%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1999</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">65,874</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.18%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2007</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">68,522</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.49%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2012</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">67,940</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.17%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">2017</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">69,993</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+0.60%</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000)"><div class="center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Notice plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice" role="presentation" style="width:100%;margin:0;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/60px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/80px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text" style="text-align: left;"><div class="mbox-text-span">Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on <a href="https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334940" class="extiw" title="phab:T334940">Phabricator</a> and on <a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Graph/Plans" class="extiw" title="mw:Extension:Graph/Plans">MediaWiki.org</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Source: EHESS<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and INSEE<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Breton_language">Breton language</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint-Nazaire&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Breton language"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2008, 0.41% of the children attended bilingual primary schools.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint-Nazaire&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communes_of_the_Loire-Atlantique_department" title="Communes of the Loire-Atlantique department">Communes of the Loire-Atlantique department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parc_naturel_r%C3%A9gional_de_Bri%C3%A8re" class="mw-redirect" title="Parc naturel régional de Brière">Parc naturel régional de Brière</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint-Nazaire&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.data.gouv.fr/fr/datasets/r/2876a346-d50c-4911-934e-19ee07b0e503">"Répertoire national des élus: les maires"</a>. <i>data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises</i> (in French). 2 December 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=data.gouv.fr%2C+Plateforme+ouverte+des+donn%C3%A9es+publiques+fran%C3%A7aises&rft.atitle=R%C3%A9pertoire+national+des+%C3%A9lus%3A+les+maires&rft.date=2020-12-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.data.gouv.fr%2Ffr%2Fdatasets%2Fr%2F2876a346-d50c-4911-934e-19ee07b0e503&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint-Nazaire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-popleg2021-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-popleg2021_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/7725600?geo=COM-44184">"Populations légales 2021"</a> (in French). <a href="/wiki/Institut_national_de_la_statistique_et_des_%C3%A9tudes_%C3%A9conomiques" title="Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques">The National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies</a>. 28 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Populations+l%C3%A9gales+2021&rft.pub=The+National+Institute+of+Statistics+and+Economic+Studies&rft.date=2023-12-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.insee.fr%2Ffr%2Fstatistiques%2F7725600%3Fgeo%3DCOM-44184&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint-Nazaire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-compar-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-compar_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-compar_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-compar_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-compar_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/1405599?geo=AAV2020-055+UU2020-44601">Aire d'attraction des villes 2020 de Saint-Nazaire (055), Unité urbaine 2020 de Saint-Nazaire (44601)</a>, INSEE</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/metadonnees/geographie/commune/44184-saint-nazaire">INSEE commune file</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bagatta, Giovanni-Bonifazio, "Admiranda orbis christiani", Valaseus, 1680, p. 297-298.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HCNSPlse-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HCNSPlse_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFred_D._Baldwin" class="citation web cs1">Fred D. Baldwin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120214075457/http://www.thehistorychannelclub.com/articles/articletype/articleview/articleid/72/no-sex-please-were-american">"No Sex, Please, We're American"</a>. <a href="/wiki/History_(U.S._TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="History (U.S. TV channel)">History Channel</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehistorychannelclub.com/articles/articletype/articleview/articleid/72/no-sex-please-were-american">the original</a> on 14 February 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 October</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=No+Sex%2C+Please%2C+We%27re+American&rft.pub=History+Channel&rft.au=Fred+D.+Baldwin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehistorychannelclub.com%2Farticles%2Farticletype%2Farticleview%2Farticleid%2F72%2Fno-sex-please-were-american&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint-Nazaire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hooton 2007, p. 88.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNye" class="citation news cs1">Nye, Logan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/the-story-of-the-wwii-gunner-who-fell-22000-feet-without-a-parachute-and-lived-2016-4">"The story of the World War II gunner who fell 22,000 feet without a parachute and lived"</a>. <i>Business Insider</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Business+Insider&rft.atitle=The+story+of+the+World+War+II+gunner+who+fell+22%2C000+feet+without+a+parachute+and+lived&rft.aulast=Nye&rft.aufirst=Logan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2Fthe-story-of-the-wwii-gunner-who-fell-22000-feet-without-a-parachute-and-lived-2016-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint-Nazaire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/raid_st_nazaire_1942.htm">"The 1942 raid on St. Nazaire"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+1942+raid+on+St.+Nazaire&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.historylearningsite.co.uk%2Fraid_st_nazaire_1942.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint-Nazaire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eisenhowerlibrary.gov/sites/default/files/finding-aids/pdf/us-army-unit-records-5.pdf">"41st INFANTRY DIVISION, 1943-1945"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>www.eisenhowerlibrary.gov</i>. Boxes 960-984: 1. 28 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=www.eisenhowerlibrary.gov&rft.atitle=41st+INFANTRY+DIVISION%2C+1943-1945&rft.volume=Boxes+960-984&rft.pages=1&rft.date=2021-03-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eisenhowerlibrary.gov%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Ffinding-aids%2Fpdf%2Fus-army-unit-records-5.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint-Nazaire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.patrimoine.paysdelaloire.fr/lhotel-de-ville-de-saint-nazaire/">"L'hôtel de ville de Saint-Nazaire"</a>. Pays de la Loire<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=L%27h%C3%B4tel+de+ville+de+Saint-Nazaire&rft.pub=Pays+de+la+Loire&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.patrimoine.paysdelaloire.fr%2Flhotel-de-ville-de-saint-nazaire%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint-Nazaire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mairie-saintnazaire.fr/eng/the-submarine-base/">"Page introuvable - Saint-Nazaire"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Page+introuvable+-+Saint-Nazaire&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mairie-saintnazaire.fr%2Feng%2Fthe-submarine-base%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint-Nazaire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.infoclimat.fr/climatologie/normales-records/1991-2020/saint-nazaire-montoir/valeurs/07217.html">"Normales et records pour la période 1991-2020 à Saint-Nazaire - montoir"</a>. <i>Infoclimat.fr</i> (in French)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Infoclimat.fr&rft.atitle=Normales+et+records+pour+la+p%C3%A9riode+1991-2020+%C3%A0+Saint-Nazaire+-+montoir&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.infoclimat.fr%2Fclimatologie%2Fnormales-records%2F1991-2020%2Fsaint-nazaire-montoir%2Fvaleurs%2F07217.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint-Nazaire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.infoclimat.fr/climatologie/normales-records/1991-2020/saint-nazaire-montoir/phenomenes/07217.html">"Saint-Nazaire - montoir: Occurences de phénomènes"</a>. <i>Infoclimat.fr</i> (in French)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Infoclimat.fr&rft.atitle=Saint-Nazaire+-+montoir%3A+Occurences+de+ph%C3%A9nom%C3%A8nes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.infoclimat.fr%2Fclimatologie%2Fnormales-records%2F1991-2020%2Fsaint-nazaire-montoir%2Fphenomenes%2F07217.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint-Nazaire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-A380_convoys-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-A380_convoys_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.igg.fr/">"A380 convoys"</a>. IGG.FR. 28 October 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 October</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=A380+convoys&rft.date=2007-10-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.igg.fr%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint-Nazaire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20220907200247/https://electrek.co/2022/09/07/france-first-offshore-wind-farm-installed/amp/">"Final turbine installed on France's first offshore wind farm, with Macron pushing hard on renewables"</a>. 7 September 2022. Archived from the original on 7 September 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Final+turbine+installed+on+France%27s+first+offshore+wind+farm%2C+with+Macron+pushing+hard+on+renewables&rft.date=2022-09-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Felectrek.co%2F2022%2F09%2F07%2Ffrance-first-offshore-wind-farm-installed%2Famp%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint-Nazaire" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.saintnazaire.fr/vie-municipale/nos-competences/relations-internationales">"Relations internationales"</a>. <i>saintnazaire.fr</i> (in French). Saint-Nazaire<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=saintnazaire.fr&rft.atitle=Relations+internationales&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.saintnazaire.fr%2Fvie-municipale%2Fnos-competences%2Frelations-internationales&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint-Nazaire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rlfoot.fr/Selections/96-97_espoirs_joueurs.htm">rlfoot.fr profile</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Des villages de Cassini aux communes d'aujourd'hui</i>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cassini.ehess.fr/fr/html/fiche.php?select_resultat=33769">Commune data sheet Saint-Nazaire</a>, <a href="/wiki/School_for_Advanced_Studies_in_the_Social_Sciences" title="School for Advanced Studies in the Social Sciences">EHESS</a> <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/4515315?geo=COM-44184#ancre-POP_T1">Population en historique depuis 1968</a>, INSEE</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in French)</span> <i>Ofis ar Brezhoneg</i>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ofis-bzh.org/fr/services/observatoire/travaux.php?travail_id=83"><i>Enseignement bilingue</i></a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li>Perrett, Bryan (2003). <i>For Valour: Victoria Cross and Medal of Honor Battles</i>. Weidenfeld & Nicolson, London. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-297-84662-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-297-84662-0">0-297-84662-0</a></li> <li>Braeuer, Luc, <i>L’incroyable histoire de la poche de Saint-Nazaire</i>, Batz-Sur-Mer 2003.</li> <li>Guériff, Fernand. <i>Saint-Nazaire sous l'occupation allemande: le Commando, la Poche</i>. Éditions du Paludier (In French)</li> <li>Moret Henri, Histoire de Saint-Nazaire et de la région environnante, Bruxelles, 1977 (In French)</li> <li>Barbance Marthe, Saint-Nazaire : la Ville, le Port, le Travail, Marseille, 1979 (In French)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint-Nazaire&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 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href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Saint-Nazaire_(Loire-Atlantique)" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Saint-Nazaire (Loire-Atlantique)">Saint-Nazaire</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, 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id="Communes_of_the_Loire-Atlantique_department_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Communes_of_the_Loire-Atlantique_department" title="Communes of the Loire-Atlantique department">Communes</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Loire-Atlantique" title="Loire-Atlantique">Loire-Atlantique</a> department <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abbaretz" title="Abbaretz">Abbaretz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aigrefeuille-sur-Maine" title="Aigrefeuille-sur-Maine">Aigrefeuille-sur-Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancenis-Saint-G%C3%A9r%C3%A9on" title="Ancenis-Saint-Géréon">Ancenis-Saint-Géréon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ass%C3%A9rac" title="Assérac">Assérac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avessac" title="Avessac">Avessac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basse-Goulaine" title="Basse-Goulaine">Basse-Goulaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batz-sur-Mer" title="Batz-sur-Mer">Batz-sur-Mer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Baule-Escoublac" title="La Baule-Escoublac">La Baule-Escoublac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Bernerie-en-Retz" title="La Bernerie-en-Retz">La Bernerie-en-Retz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Besn%C3%A9" title="Besné">Besné</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Bignon" title="Le Bignon">Le Bignon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blain,_Loire-Atlantique" title="Blain, Loire-Atlantique">Blain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Boissi%C3%A8re-du-Dor%C3%A9" title="La Boissière-du-Doré">La Boissière-du-Doré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bouaye" title="Bouaye">Bouaye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bou%C3%A9e" title="Bouée">Bouée</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bouguenais" title="Bouguenais">Bouguenais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boussay,_Loire-Atlantique" title="Boussay, Loire-Atlantique">Boussay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bouvron,_Loire-Atlantique" title="Bouvron, Loire-Atlantique">Bouvron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brains,_Loire-Atlantique" title="Brains, Loire-Atlantique">Brains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campbon" title="Campbon">Campbon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carquefou" title="Carquefou">Carquefou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casson,_Loire-Atlantique" title="Casson, Loire-Atlantique">Casson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Cellier" title="Le Cellier">Le Cellier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Chapelle-des-Marais" title="La Chapelle-des-Marais">La Chapelle-des-Marais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Chapelle-Glain" title="La Chapelle-Glain">La Chapelle-Glain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Chapelle-Heulin" title="La Chapelle-Heulin">La Chapelle-Heulin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Chapelle-Launay" title="La Chapelle-Launay">La Chapelle-Launay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Chapelle-sur-Erdre" title="La Chapelle-sur-Erdre">La Chapelle-sur-Erdre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teaubriant" title="Châteaubriant">Châteaubriant</a><sup>subpr</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau-Th%C3%A9baud" title="Château-Thébaud">Château-Thébaud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaumes-en-Retz" title="Chaumes-en-Retz">Chaumes-en-Retz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chauv%C3%A9" title="Chauvé">Chauvé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheix-en-Retz" title="Cheix-en-Retz">Cheix-en-Retz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Chevallerais" title="La Chevallerais">La Chevallerais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Chevroli%C3%A8re" title="La Chevrolière">La Chevrolière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clisson" title="Clisson">Clisson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conquereuil" title="Conquereuil">Conquereuil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corcou%C3%A9-sur-Logne" title="Corcoué-sur-Logne">Corcoué-sur-Logne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cordemais" title="Cordemais">Cordemais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corsept" title="Corsept">Corsept</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cou%C3%ABron" title="Couëron">Couëron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Couff%C3%A9" title="Couffé">Couffé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Croisic" title="Le Croisic">Le Croisic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crossac" title="Crossac">Crossac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derval" title="Derval">Derval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divatte-sur-Loire" title="Divatte-sur-Loire">Divatte-sur-Loire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donges" title="Donges">Donges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dreff%C3%A9ac" title="Drefféac">Drefféac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erbray" title="Erbray">Erbray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fay-de-Bretagne" title="Fay-de-Bretagne">Fay-de-Bretagne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9gr%C3%A9ac" title="Fégréac">Fégréac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferc%C3%A9" title="Fercé">Fercé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frossay" title="Frossay">Frossay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_G%C3%A2vre" title="Le Gâvre">Le Gâvre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geneston" title="Geneston">Geneston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9tign%C3%A9" title="Gétigné">Gétigné</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorges,_Loire-Atlantique" title="Gorges, Loire-Atlantique">Gorges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand-Auvern%C3%A9" title="Grand-Auverné">Grand-Auverné</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grandchamp-des-Fontaines" title="Grandchamp-des-Fontaines">Grandchamp-des-Fontaines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Grigonnais" title="La Grigonnais">La Grigonnais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gu%C3%A9men%C3%A9-Penfao" title="Guémené-Penfao">Guémené-Penfao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guenrouet" title="Guenrouet">Guenrouet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gu%C3%A9rande" title="Guérande">Guérande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Haie-Fouassi%C3%A8re" title="La Haie-Fouassière">La Haie-Fouassière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haute-Goulaine" title="Haute-Goulaine">Haute-Goulaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbignac" title="Herbignac">Herbignac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9ric" title="Héric">Héric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indre,_Loire-Atlantique" title="Indre, Loire-Atlantique">Indre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iss%C3%A9" title="Issé">Issé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jans" title="Jans">Jans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jou%C3%A9-sur-Erdre" title="Joué-sur-Erdre">Joué-sur-Erdre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juign%C3%A9-des-Moutiers" title="Juigné-des-Moutiers">Juigné-des-Moutiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Landreau" title="Le Landreau">Le Landreau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavau-sur-Loire" title="Lavau-sur-Loire">Lavau-sur-Loire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leg%C3%A9" title="Legé">Legé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lign%C3%A9,_Loire-Atlantique" title="Ligné, Loire-Atlantique">Ligné</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Limouzini%C3%A8re" title="La Limouzinière">La Limouzinière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loireauxence" title="Loireauxence">Loireauxence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Loroux-Bottereau" title="Le Loroux-Bottereau">Le Loroux-Bottereau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisfert" title="Louisfert">Louisfert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lusanger" title="Lusanger">Lusanger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machecoul-Saint-M%C3%AAme" title="Machecoul-Saint-Même">Machecoul-Saint-Même</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maisdon-sur-S%C3%A8vre" title="Maisdon-sur-Sèvre">Maisdon-sur-Sèvre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malville" title="Malville">Malville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Marne" title="La Marne">La Marne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marsac-sur-Don" title="Marsac-sur-Don">Marsac-sur-Don</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass%C3%A9rac" title="Massérac">Massérac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauves-sur-Loire" title="Mauves-sur-Loire">Mauves-sur-Loire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Meilleraye-de-Bretagne" title="La Meilleraye-de-Bretagne">La Meilleraye-de-Bretagne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9sanger" title="Mésanger">Mésanger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesquer" title="Mesquer">Mesquer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missillac" title="Missillac">Missillac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moisdon-la-Rivi%C3%A8re" title="Moisdon-la-Rivière">Moisdon-la-Rivière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monni%C3%A8res,_Loire-Atlantique" title="Monnières, Loire-Atlantique">Monnières</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Montagne,_Loire-Atlantique" title="La Montagne, Loire-Atlantique">La Montagne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montbert" title="Montbert">Montbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montoir-de-Bretagne" title="Montoir-de-Bretagne">Montoir-de-Bretagne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montrelais" title="Montrelais">Montrelais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mouais" title="Mouais">Mouais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Moutiers-en-Retz" title="Les Moutiers-en-Retz">Les Moutiers-en-Retz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mouzeil" title="Mouzeil">Mouzeil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mouzillon" title="Mouzillon">Mouzillon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nantes" title="Nantes">Nantes</a><sup>pref</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nort-sur-Erdre" title="Nort-sur-Erdre">Nort-sur-Erdre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notre-Dame-des-Landes" title="Notre-Dame-des-Landes">Notre-Dame-des-Landes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noyal-sur-Brutz" title="Noyal-sur-Brutz">Noyal-sur-Brutz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nozay,_Loire-Atlantique" title="Nozay, Loire-Atlantique">Nozay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orvault" title="Orvault">Orvault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oudon" title="Oudon">Oudon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paimb%C5%93uf" title="Paimbœuf">Paimbœuf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Pallet" title="Le Pallet">Le Pallet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pannec%C3%A9" title="Pannecé">Pannecé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paulx" title="Paulx">Paulx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Pellerin" title="Le Pellerin">Le Pellerin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petit-Auvern%C3%A9" title="Petit-Auverné">Petit-Auverné</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petit-Mars" title="Petit-Mars">Petit-Mars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierric" title="Pierric">Pierric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Pin,_Loire-Atlantique" title="Le Pin, Loire-Atlantique">Le Pin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piriac-sur-Mer" title="Piriac-sur-Mer">Piriac-sur-Mer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Plaine-sur-Mer" title="La Plaine-sur-Mer">La Plaine-sur-Mer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Planche" title="La Planche">La Planche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pless%C3%A9" title="Plessé">Plessé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pont-Saint-Martin,_Loire-Atlantique" title="Pont-Saint-Martin, Loire-Atlantique">Pont-Saint-Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontch%C3%A2teau" title="Pontchâteau">Pontchâteau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pornic" title="Pornic">Pornic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pornichet" title="Pornichet">Pornichet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port-Saint-P%C3%A8re" title="Port-Saint-Père">Port-Saint-Père</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pouill%C3%A9-les-C%C3%B4teaux" title="Pouillé-les-Côteaux">Pouillé-les-Côteaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Pouliguen" title="Le Pouliguen">Le Pouliguen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%A9failles" title="Préfailles">Préfailles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prinquiau" title="Prinquiau">Prinquiau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puceul" title="Puceul">Puceul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quilly,_Loire-Atlantique" title="Quilly, Loire-Atlantique">Quilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Regrippi%C3%A8re" title="La Regrippière">La Regrippière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Remaudi%C3%A8re" title="La Remaudière">La Remaudière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remouill%C3%A9" title="Remouillé">Remouillé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rez%C3%A9" title="Rezé">Rezé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riaill%C3%A9" title="Riaillé">Riaillé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Roche-Blanche,_Loire-Atlantique" title="La Roche-Blanche, Loire-Atlantique">La Roche-Blanche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rouans" title="Rouans">Rouans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roug%C3%A9" title="Rougé">Rougé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruffign%C3%A9" title="Ruffigné">Ruffigné</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saffr%C3%A9" title="Saffré">Saffré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Aignan-Grandlieu" title="Saint-Aignan-Grandlieu">Saint-Aignan-Grandlieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Andr%C3%A9-des-Eaux,_Loire-Atlantique" title="Saint-André-des-Eaux, Loire-Atlantique">Saint-André-des-Eaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Aubin-des-Ch%C3%A2teaux" title="Saint-Aubin-des-Châteaux">Saint-Aubin-des-Châteaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Brevin-les-Pins" title="Saint-Brevin-les-Pins">Saint-Brevin-les-Pins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Colomban,_Loire-Atlantique" title="Saint-Colomban, Loire-Atlantique">Saint-Colomban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainte-Anne-sur-Brivet" title="Sainte-Anne-sur-Brivet">Sainte-Anne-sur-Brivet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainte-Luce-sur-Loire" title="Sainte-Luce-sur-Loire">Sainte-Luce-sur-Loire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainte-Pazanne" title="Sainte-Pazanne">Sainte-Pazanne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainte-Reine-de-Bretagne" title="Sainte-Reine-de-Bretagne">Sainte-Reine-de-Bretagne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-%C3%89tienne-de-Mer-Morte" title="Saint-Étienne-de-Mer-Morte">Saint-Étienne-de-Mer-Morte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-%C3%89tienne-de-Montluc" title="Saint-Étienne-de-Montluc">Saint-Étienne-de-Montluc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Fiacre-sur-Maine" title="Saint-Fiacre-sur-Maine">Saint-Fiacre-sur-Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Gildas-des-Bois" title="Saint-Gildas-des-Bois">Saint-Gildas-des-Bois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Herblain" title="Saint-Herblain">Saint-Herblain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Hilaire-de-Chal%C3%A9ons" title="Saint-Hilaire-de-Chaléons">Saint-Hilaire-de-Chaléons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Hilaire-de-Clisson" title="Saint-Hilaire-de-Clisson">Saint-Hilaire-de-Clisson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Jean-de-Boiseau" title="Saint-Jean-de-Boiseau">Saint-Jean-de-Boiseau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Joachim" title="Saint-Joachim">Saint-Joachim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Julien-de-Concelles" title="Saint-Julien-de-Concelles">Saint-Julien-de-Concelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Julien-de-Vouvantes" title="Saint-Julien-de-Vouvantes">Saint-Julien-de-Vouvantes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-L%C3%A9ger-les-Vignes" title="Saint-Léger-les-Vignes">Saint-Léger-les-Vignes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Lumine-de-Clisson" title="Saint-Lumine-de-Clisson">Saint-Lumine-de-Clisson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Lumine-de-Coutais" title="Saint-Lumine-de-Coutais">Saint-Lumine-de-Coutais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Lyphard" title="Saint-Lyphard">Saint-Lyphard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Malo-de-Guersac" title="Saint-Malo-de-Guersac">Saint-Malo-de-Guersac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Mars-de-Coutais" title="Saint-Mars-de-Coutais">Saint-Mars-de-Coutais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Mars-du-D%C3%A9sert,_Loire-Atlantique" title="Saint-Mars-du-Désert, Loire-Atlantique">Saint-Mars-du-Désert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Michel-Chef-Chef" title="Saint-Michel-Chef-Chef">Saint-Michel-Chef-Chef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Molf" title="Saint-Molf">Saint-Molf</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Saint-Nazaire</a><sup>subpr</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Nicolas-de-Redon" title="Saint-Nicolas-de-Redon">Saint-Nicolas-de-Redon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-P%C3%A8re-en-Retz" title="Saint-Père-en-Retz">Saint-Père-en-Retz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Philbert-de-Grand-Lieu" title="Saint-Philbert-de-Grand-Lieu">Saint-Philbert-de-Grand-Lieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-S%C3%A9bastien-sur-Loire" title="Saint-Sébastien-sur-Loire">Saint-Sébastien-sur-Loire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Viaud" title="Saint-Viaud">Saint-Viaud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Vincent-des-Landes" title="Saint-Vincent-des-Landes">Saint-Vincent-des-Landes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sautron" title="Sautron">Sautron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savenay" title="Savenay">Savenay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9v%C3%A9rac" title="Sévérac">Sévérac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sion-les-Mines" title="Sion-les-Mines">Sion-les-Mines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soudan,_Loire-Atlantique" title="Soudan, Loire-Atlantique">Soudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Sorini%C3%A8res" title="Les Sorinières">Les Sorinières</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soulvache" title="Soulvache">Soulvache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suc%C3%A9-sur-Erdre" title="Sucé-sur-Erdre">Sucé-sur-Erdre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teill%C3%A9,_Loire-Atlantique" title="Teillé, Loire-Atlantique">Teillé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Temple-de-Bretagne" title="Le Temple-de-Bretagne">Le Temple-de-Bretagne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thouar%C3%A9-sur-Loire" title="Thouaré-sur-Loire">Thouaré-sur-Loire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Touches" title="Les Touches">Les Touches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Touvois" title="Touvois">Touvois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trans-sur-Erdre" title="Trans-sur-Erdre">Trans-sur-Erdre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treffieux" title="Treffieux">Treffieux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treilli%C3%A8res" title="Treillières">Treillières</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trignac" title="Trignac">Trignac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Turballe" title="La Turballe">La Turballe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vair-sur-Loire" title="Vair-sur-Loire">Vair-sur-Loire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vallet" title="Vallet">Vallet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vallons-de-l%27Erdre" title="Vallons-de-l'Erdre">Vallons-de-l'Erdre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vay,_Loire-Atlantique" title="Vay, Loire-Atlantique">Vay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vertou" title="Vertou">Vertou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vieillevigne,_Loire-Atlantique" title="Vieillevigne, Loire-Atlantique">Vieillevigne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vigneux-de-Bretagne" title="Vigneux-de-Bretagne">Vigneux-de-Bretagne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villeneuve-en-Retz" title="Villeneuve-en-Retz">Villeneuve-en-Retz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villepot" title="Villepot">Villepot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vue,_Loire-Atlantique" title="Vue, Loire-Atlantique">Vue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><sup>pref</sup>: <a href="/wiki/Prefectures_in_France" title="Prefectures in France">prefecture</a></li> <li><sup>subpr</sup>: <a href="/wiki/Subprefectures_in_France" title="Subprefectures in France">subprefecture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q152027#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q152027#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q152027#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/158283747">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1212962/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJkhMF9WpGKVdWpFq9BXVC">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4352812-0">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n81042224">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15260353v">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15260353v">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Saint-Nazaire (Francie)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge524014&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007557208905171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/ca6814bf-d33d-4209-b911-6c0c9473f342">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10045133">NARA</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Saint-Nazaire&oldid=1259369753">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Saint-Nazaire&oldid=1259369753</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div 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