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href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%A1%D1%8A%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0&returnto=%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Насърчаваме Ви да си създадете сметка и да влезете, въпреки че не е задължително." class=""><span>Създаване на сметка</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5&returnto=%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Препоръчваме Ви да влезете, въпреки, че не е задължително. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Влизане</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Допълнителни опции" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Лични инструменти" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Лични инструменти</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Потребителско меню" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_bg.wikipedia.org&uselang=bg"><span>Направете дарение</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%A1%D1%8A%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0&returnto=%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Насърчаваме Ви да си създадете сметка и да влезете, въпреки че не е задължително."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Създаване на сметка</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5&returnto=%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Препоръчваме Ви да влезете, въпреки, че не е задължително. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Влизане</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Страници за излезли от системата редактори <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%89:%D0%92%D1%8A%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" aria-label="Научете повече за редактирането"><span>научете повече</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Списък на промените, направени от този IP адрес [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Приноси</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Дискусия относно редакциите от този адрес [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Беседа</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Сайт"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Съдържание" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Съдържание</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">преместване към страничната лента</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">скриване</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Начало</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Местоположение,_климат,_почви" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Местоположение,_климат,_почви"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Местоположение, климат, почви</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Местоположение,_климат,_почви-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Растителен_свят" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Растителен_свят"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Растителен свят</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Растителен_свят-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Животински_свят" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Животински_свят"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Животински свят</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Животински_свят-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Екологични_проблеми" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Екологични_проблеми"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Екологични проблеми</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Екологични_проблеми-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Вижте_също" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Вижте_също"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Вижте също</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Вижте_също-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Източници" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Източници"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Източници</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Източници-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Съдържание" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Скриване/показване на съдържанието" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Скриване/показване на съдържанието</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Тундра</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Към статията на друг език. Налична на 102 езика" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-102" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">102 езика</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toendra" title="Toendra – африканс" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Toendra" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="африканс" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra – арагонски" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="арагонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A9" title="تندرة – арабски" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تندرة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="арабски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra – астурски" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="астурски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra – азербайджански" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="азербайджански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Тундра – башкирски" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Тундра" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="башкирски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra – балийски" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="балийски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tondra" title="Tondra – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Tondra" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Тундра – беларуски" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Тундра" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="беларуски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Тундра – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Тундра" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE" title="তুন্দ্রা – бенгалски" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="তুন্দ্রা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="бенгалски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra – босненски" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="босненски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra – каталонски" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="каталонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra – себуански" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="себуански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%95%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="تەندرا – кюрдски (централен)" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="تەندرا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="кюрдски (централен)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra – чешки" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="чешки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Тундра – чувашки" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Тундра" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="чувашки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra – датски" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="датски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra – немски" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="немски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%BF%CF%8D%CE%BD%CE%B4%CF%81%CE%B1" title="Τούνδρα – гръцки" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τούνδρα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="гръцки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra – английски" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="английски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundro" title="Tundro – есперанто" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Tundro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="есперанто" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra – испански" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="испански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra – естонски" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="естонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra – баски" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="баски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="توندرا – персийски" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="توندرا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="персийски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra – фински" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="фински" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toundra" title="Toundra – френски" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Toundra" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="френски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra – северен фризийски" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="северен фризийски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BBndra" title="Tûndra – западнофризийски" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Tûndra" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="западнофризийски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra – ирландски" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ирландски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra – галисийски" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="галисийски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%94" title="טונדרה – иврит" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="טונדרה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="иврит" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE" title="टुण्ड्रा – хинди" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="टुण्ड्रा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="хинди" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra – хърватски" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="хърватски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toundra" title="Toundra – хаитянски креолски" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Toundra" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="хаитянски креолски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra – унгарски" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="унгарски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8F%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%A4%D6%80%D5%A1" title="Տունդրա – арменски" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Տունդրա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="арменски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra – интерлингва" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="интерлингва" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra – индонезийски" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="индонезийски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nunavik" title="Nunavik – инупиак" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Nunavik" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="инупиак" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundro" title="Tundro – идо" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Tundro" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="идо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fre%C3%B0m%C3%BDri" title="Freðmýri – исландски" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Freðmýri" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="исландски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra – италиански" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="италиански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%93%87%E1%90%B9%E1%96%85%E1%91%90%E1%96%83%E1%95%88%E1%93%90%E1%93%87%E1%99%B1%E1%91%A6%E1%91%90%E1%96%85" title="ᓇᐹᖅᑐᖃᕈᓐᓇᙱᑦᑐᖅ – инуктитут" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᓇᐹᖅᑐᖃᕈᓐᓇᙱᑦᑐᖅ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="инуктитут" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%84%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%83%A9" title="ツンドラ – японски" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ツンドラ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="японски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90" title="ტუნდრა – грузински" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ტუნდრა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="грузински" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra – кабилски" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="кабилски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Тундра – казахски" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Тундра" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="казахски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%88%B0%EB%93%9C%EB%9D%BC" title="툰드라 – корейски" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="툰드라" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="корейски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Тундра – киргизки" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Тундра" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="киргизки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra – латински" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="латински" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toendra" title="Toendra – лимбургски" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Toendra" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="лимбургски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundula" title="Tundula – лингала" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Tundula" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="лингала" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra – литовски" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="литовски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra – латвийски" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="латвийски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE" title="Тундро – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Тундро" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Тундра – македонски" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Тундра" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="македонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0" title="തുന്ദ്ര – малаялам" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="തുന്ദ്ര" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="малаялам" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6" title="टुंड्रा प्रदेश – марати" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="टुंड्रा प्रदेश" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="марати" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra – малайски" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="малайски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toendra" title="Toendra – нидерландски" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Toendra" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="нидерландски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra – норвежки (нюношк)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="норвежки (нюношк)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra – норвежки (букмол)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="норвежки (букмол)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tondra" title="Tondra – окситански" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Tondra" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="окситански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundru" title="Tundru – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Tundru" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundiraa" title="Tundiraa – оромо" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Tundiraa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="оромо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra – полски" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="полски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%B9%D9%86%DA%88%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="ٹنڈرا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ٹنڈرا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra – португалски" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="португалски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundr%C4%83" title="Tundră – румънски" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Tundră" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="румънски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Тундра – руски" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Тундра" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="руски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Тундра – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Тундра" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Туундара – саха" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Туундара" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="саха" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra – шотландски" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="шотландски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BD%D9%86%DA%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="ٽنڊرا – синдхи" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ٽنڊرا" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="синдхи" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra – сърбохърватски" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="сърбохърватски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8F" title="තුන්ද්‍රා – синхалски" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="තුන්ද්‍රා" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="синхалски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra – словашки" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="словашки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra – словенски" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="словенски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra – албански" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="албански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Тундра – сръбски" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Тундра" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="сръбски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra – сундански" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="сундански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra – шведски" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="шведски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra – суахили" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="суахили" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="தூந்திரம் – тамилски" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தூந்திரம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="тамилски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2" title="ทันดรา – тайски" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ทันดรา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="тайски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra – тагалог" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="тагалог" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra – турски" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="турски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Тундра – украински" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Тундра" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="украински" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%B9%D9%86%DA%88%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="ٹنڈرا – урду" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ٹنڈرا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="урду" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra – узбекски" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="узбекски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%C3%A0i_nguy%C3%AAn" title="Đài nguyên – виетнамски" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đài nguyên" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="виетнамски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toendra" title="Toendra – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Toendra" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra – варай" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Tundra" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="варай" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%86%BB%E5%8E%9F" title="冻原 – ву китайски" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="冻原" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="ву китайски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%87%8D%E5%8E%9F" title="凍原 – китайски" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="凍原" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="китайски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%87%8D%E5%8E%9F" title="凍原 – кантонски" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="凍原" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="кантонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra_climate" title="Tundra climate – зулуски" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Tundra climate" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="зулуски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q43262#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Редактиране на междуезиковите препратки" class="wbc-editpage">Редактиране</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Именни пространства"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">български</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Прегледи"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0"><span>Преглед</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0&veaction=edit" title="Редактиране на страницата [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Редактиране</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0&action=edit" title="Редактиране на изходния код на страницата [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Редактиране на кода</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0&action=history" title="Предишни версии на страницата [h]" accesskey="h"><span>История</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Инструменти" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" 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class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Облик"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Облик</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">преместване към страничната лента</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">скриване</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">от Уикипедия, свободната енциклопедия</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="bg" dir="ltr"><div class="othermeaning-box"> <dl><dd><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Disambig.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Disambig.svg/22px-Disambig.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Disambig.svg/33px-Disambig.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Disambig.svg/44px-Disambig.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="183" /></a></span> <i>Тази статия е за <b>вида природна зона</b>.  За екорегиона вижте <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0_(%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Тундра (Северна Америка) (страницата не съществува)">Тундра (Северна Америка)</a>.  </i></dd></dl> <hr /></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Biome_map_11.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Biome_map_11.svg/500px-Biome_map_11.svg.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="272" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Biome_map_11.svg/750px-Biome_map_11.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Biome_map_11.svg/1000px-Biome_map_11.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1119" data-file-height="608" /></a><figcaption>Карта на арктическата и антарктическата тундра</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Тундрата</b> (на <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Фински език">фински</a>: <span lang="fi" dir="ltr" style="font-style:italic">tunturi</span> – <i>безлесна равнина</i><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) е вид <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Природна зона">природна зона</a>, ограничена на юг от <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Тайга">тайгата</a>, а на север от арктически (полярни) пустини с <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%80%D1%8A%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Вечна замръзналост">вечнозамръзнала</a> почва. Има и антарктическа тундра, която заема част от <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Антарктически полуостров">Антарктическия полуостров</a> и някои острови във високите географски ширини на Южното полукълбо (например <a href="/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B8_%D0%AE%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Южна Джорджия и Южни Сандвичеви острови">Южна Джорджия и Южни Сандвичеви острови</a>). Тя е от основните хабитатни типове във физикогеографската класификация на <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Световен фонд за природата">Световния фонд за природата</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>По своя характер повърхностите на тундрата биват <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Блато">блатисти</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%84" title="Торф">торфови</a> (покрити с <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8A%D1%85" class="mw-redirect" title="Мъх">мъх</a>) или каменисти (покрити с <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="Лишей">лишеи</a>). В планините на Скандинавския полуостров, в Урал, Сибир, Аляска и Северна Канада се среща е планенска тундра.<sup id="cite_ref-ucmp_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ucmp-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Wrangel_Island_tundra.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wrangel_Island_tundra.jpg/500px-Wrangel_Island_tundra.jpg" decoding="async" width="500" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wrangel_Island_tundra.jpg/750px-Wrangel_Island_tundra.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wrangel_Island_tundra.jpg 2x" data-file-width="971" data-file-height="309" /></a><figcaption>Арктическа тундра на остров <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB_(%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2)" title="Врангел (остров)">Врангел</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Kongsfjorden_from_Blomstrandhalvoja.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Kongsfjorden_from_Blomstrandhalvoja.jpg/220px-Kongsfjorden_from_Blomstrandhalvoja.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Kongsfjorden_from_Blomstrandhalvoja.jpg/330px-Kongsfjorden_from_Blomstrandhalvoja.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Kongsfjorden_from_Blomstrandhalvoja.jpg/440px-Kongsfjorden_from_Blomstrandhalvoja.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1984" data-file-height="1488" /></a><figcaption>Тундра на <a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Шпицберген">Шпицберген</a>.</figcaption></figure> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Местоположение,_климат,_почви"><span id=".D0.9C.D0.B5.D1.81.D1.82.D0.BE.D0.BF.D0.BE.D0.BB.D0.BE.D0.B6.D0.B5.D0.BD.D0.B8.D0.B5.2C_.D0.BA.D0.BB.D0.B8.D0.BC.D0.B0.D1.82.2C_.D0.BF.D0.BE.D1.87.D0.B2.D0.B8"></span>Местоположение, климат, почви</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Редактиране на раздел: Местоположение, климат, почви" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Местоположение, климат, почви"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Тундрата обхваща северните части на Северна Америка, Европа и Азия, предимно районите разположени северно от 70° с.ш. Тя се отличава с много суров <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Климат">климат</a> (<a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Субполярен климат">субполярен</a>), тук виреят и обитават само растения и животни, които издържат на студ, силни ветрове, <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%80%D1%8A%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Вечна замръзналост">вечно замръзналата пова</a> и нейното неплодородие.<sup id="cite_ref-ucmp_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ucmp-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Зимата е продължителна – 8 – 9 месеца, и студена (до −65 °С). Това допринася и за замръзването на повечето води там. Лятото е също относително студено, средната температура през юни е около 12 °С. При температури по-ниски от -10 °С и снежна покривка от 6 до 10 месеца годишно, горният слой на почвата се размразява за кратко през лятото. </p><p>Почвите на тундрата се характеризират с ниска снежна покривка – 5 – 50 cm, която се издухва поради силните ветрове; вечната замръзналост в почвата влияе върху нейното плодородие. Почвите са тундрово-глееви и торфени, окислени. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Растителен_свят"><span id=".D0.A0.D0.B0.D1.81.D1.82.D0.B8.D1.82.D0.B5.D0.BB.D0.B5.D0.BD_.D1.81.D0.B2.D1.8F.D1.82"></span>Растителен свят</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Редактиране на раздел: Растителен свят" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Растителен свят"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>В тундрата преобладават многогодишни растения: мъхове, лишеи, тревисти хемикриптофити и хамефити (чимови, геофити, възглавничкови и полувъзгглавничкови, розетъчни и полурозетъччни), листопадни храстчета-хамефити (Salix polaris и др.), вечнозелени храстчета (Empetrum hermaphroditum, Ledum decumbens и др.), листопадни нискорасли храстчета нанофанерофити (Betula nana, B. exilis, Salix lanata и др.), едногодишни (Koenigia islandica и др.) и луковични (Lloydia serotina и др.). За тундрата е характерна полидоминатността (във всяко растително семейство има по няколко доминиращи вида, обикновено отнасящи се към различни жизнени форми) и мозаечна структура, свързана с криогенния микрорелеф, който е представен от малки хълмчета и падинки и заравнени и зачимени тревисти пространства. Често зачимените повърхности се прекъсват от петна от голи скали.<sup id="cite_ref-bse_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bse-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Голяма част от тундровата зона в Северното полукълбо е заета от субарктична (северна и южна) тундра, която на север се сменя с арктична тундра, където няма храстовидна растителност и заедно с мъховете, лишеите и тревите, голяма роля играят арктоалпийските храстчета (Salix polaris, Dryas octopetala) и др. В северната част на Източноевропейската равнина и в Западен Сибир за южните части на тундровата зона е характерна голямоерниковата тундра с добре представени етажи от бреза-джудже (Betula nana) с примеси от върба. На север етажът на храстите оредява, те стават по-дребни и голяма роля в растителната покривка придобиват, заедно с мъховете, малки храстчета и полустелещи се храстчата от острица (Carex ensifolia ssp. arctisibirica) с примеси от дриада (патешка трева). В Източен Сибир с увеличаване на континенталността на климата голямоерниковата тундра се сменя с дребноерникова с друг вид брезички (Betula exilis). В Чукотка и Аляска господства чимовата тундра с <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Пушица">пушица</a> (Eriophorum vaginatum) и острица (Carex lugens) с участието на бриеви и сфагови мъхове и примеси от дребни храсти, които на север стават още по-малки. В субарктичната тундра на Канада и Гренландия преобладава тундра с господство на ерикоидни храсти (Vaccinium uliginosum ssp. microphyllum, Cassiope tetragona и др.). Тундрата служи за паша на елени, овцебици, а на места и за бране на дребни плодове (рубус, синя боровинка, емпетрум).<sup id="cite_ref-bse_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bse-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Животински_свят"><span id=".D0.96.D0.B8.D0.B2.D0.BE.D1.82.D0.B8.D0.BD.D1.81.D0.BA.D0.B8_.D1.81.D0.B2.D1.8F.D1.82"></span>Животински свят</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Редактиране на раздел: Животински свят" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Животински свят"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Характерна особеност на тундровата фауна е нейната бедност, свързана със суровите условия за съществуване и относителната ѝ младост, наличието на ендемити, понякога отнасящи се до самостоятелни родове, а също и еднородност, определяна от околополярното разпространение на повечето от видовете, и връзката на повечето от обитателите с морето (птици, живеещи в <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B8_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Птичи базар">птичи базари</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Бяла мечка">бяла мечка</a>, редица <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8" title="Перконоги">перконоги</a>). Голяма част от видовете гръбначни животни през зимата напускат тундрата (птиците отлитат, бозайниците мигрират) и само малко от тях, например лемингите, бодърстват под снега. <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%80%D1%8A%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Вечна замръзналост">Вечната замръзналост</a> и свързана с нея заблатеност не благоприятстват съществуването на животни спящи зимен сън и живеещи в почвата. В състава на тундровата фауна от несекомоядните се среща само <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%8F%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D1%8A%D0%B1%D0%BA%D0%B0" class="mw-disambig" title="Кафявозъбка">кафявозъбката</a>, а от гризачите – ендемични видове от обикновени и копитни леминги. Предимно в южни части на зоната се срещат някои видове <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Полевки">полевки</a> (полевка икономка, полевка Мидендорф, червена, червено-сива и някои други); от зайците – бял заек; от хищниците – почти ендемичната <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Полярна лисица">полярна лисица</a>, която през зимата мигрира в лесотундрата и частично в северната тайга. Широко разпространени са <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Хермелин">хермелина</a> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Невестулка">невестулката</a>, срещат се още <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Лисица">лисица</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%BA" title="Вълк">вълк</a>, от север навлиза <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Бяла мечка">бяла мечка</a>, а от юг – <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%8F%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Кафява мечка">кафява мечка</a>. От копитните ендемичен е мускусният <a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B2%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Овцебик">овцебик</a>, характерен е и <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Северен елен">северния елен</a>. От птиците е характерно малкото число на видовете <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Врабчета">врабчета</a>, особено зърноядни, обилие от кулики и водоплаващи, от които особено много са белочелата и <a href="/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D1%8A%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Черна гъска">черна гъска</a> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D1%8A%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Посевна гъска">посевна гъска</a>. Ендемични са: бяла гъска, бяла сова, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Снежна овесарка">снежна овесарка</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Лапландска овесарка">лапландска овесарка</a>, мъхокрак ястреб, сокол сапсан, широко разпространение имат бялата (обитаваща тайгата) и тундровата (срещаща се в планините) <a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Яребица">яребица</a> и рогатата чучулига (среща се не само в тундрата, но и в безлесните високи планински части и степите). Влечуги няма. От земноводните от юг навлизат някои видове жаби. От рибите преобладават <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%8A%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Пъстървови">пъстървовите</a>, а в Чукотка и Аляска обитава <a href="/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Черна риба">черна риба</a>. От насекомите преобладават двукрилите (най-вече <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Комари">комари</a>). Относително многочислени са <a href="/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Ципокрили">ципокрилите</a> (особено тентредо, а също <a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Земни пчели">земни пчели</a>, свързани в своето разпространение с бобови растения), бръмбари, <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Вилоскачки">вилоскачки</a>, пеперуди.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Бедността на тундровата фауна се характеризира, например, с малкото число видове бозайници: на полуостров Таймир те са 10 – 11, в Гренландия – 7, в Арктичните острови – 2 – 4. Тундровата фауна е възникнала в периода на кватернерното заледяване, в района на Берингия, след което се е попълвала за сметка на видовете, съществували в приледниковите периглациални степи и в равнините на Средна и Централна Азия (за последното говори сходството на лемингите със <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%8A%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Степна пъструшка">степната пъструшка</a>, американският дългоопашат лалугер – с азиатския, тундровият мъхоног ястреб – с централноазиатския). От представителите на тундровата фауна е опитомен само северния елен (американският северен елен <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B1%D1%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Карибу">карибу</a> не се поддава на опитомяване). Заради ценните кожи са извършва лов на полярна лисица, хермелин и невестулка и уловът на множество птици, гнездящи в тундрата. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Екологични_проблеми"><span id=".D0.95.D0.BA.D0.BE.D0.BB.D0.BE.D0.B3.D0.B8.D1.87.D0.BD.D0.B8_.D0.BF.D1.80.D0.BE.D0.B1.D0.BB.D0.B5.D0.BC.D0.B8"></span>Екологични проблеми</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Редактиране на раздел: Екологични проблеми" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Екологични проблеми"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Тундрата е с много крехко <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Екологично равновесие (страницата не съществува)">екологично равновесие</a>. Разработката на нефтени находища, строителството на нефтопроводи и човешката дейност като цяло създават опасност от <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Екология">екологична катастрофа</a>. </p><p>Поради течове в нефтопроводите се замърсява околната среда, нерядко се срещат горящи нефтени езера и напълно изгорели територии. Движението на тежки машини нарушава крехкия почвен слой, за възстановяването на който са необходими няколко десетки години. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Вижте_също"><span id=".D0.92.D0.B8.D0.B6.D1.82.D0.B5_.D1.81.D1.8A.D1.89.D0.BE"></span>Вижте също</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Редактиране на раздел: Вижте също" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Вижте също"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Планинска тундра">Планинска тундра</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Арктика">Арктика</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Тайга">Тайга</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Източници"><span id=".D0.98.D0.B7.D1.82.D0.BE.D1.87.D0.BD.D0.B8.D1.86.D0.B8"></span>Източници</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Редактиране на раздел: Източници" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Източници"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFAapala" class="book" style="font-style:normal">Aapala, Kirsti. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061001211854/http://www.kotus.fi/julkaisut/ikkunat/1999/kielii1999_19.shtml">Tunturista jängälle</a> //  Kieli-ikkunat.   Архивиран от <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kotus.fi/julkaisut/ikkunat/1999/kielii1999_19.shtml">оригинала</a> на 2006-10-01. Посетен на 19 януари 2009.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldwildlife.org/biomes/tundra">www.worldwildlife.org</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ucmp-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-ucmp_3-0"><sup><i><b>а</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ucmp_3-1"><sup><i><b>б</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ucmp.berkeley.edu/exhibits/biomes/tundra.php">The tundra biome. University of California Museum of Paleontology</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bse-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-bse_4-0"><sup><i><b>а</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bse_4-1"><sup><i><b>б</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="color:blue; font-size:0.8em; cursor:help;" title="На руски език"><b>(</b>(ru)<b>)</b></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bse.sci-lib.com/article112805.html">«Большая Советская Энциклопедия» – Тундра, т. 26, стр. 304</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="color:blue; font-size:0.8em; cursor:help;" title="На руски език"><b>(</b>(ru)<b>)</b></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bse.sci-lib.com/article112807.html">«Большая Советская Энциклопедия» – Тундровая фауна, т. 26, стр. 305</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <table cellspacing="0" class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table cellspacing="0" class="collapsible collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:#f0f0f0;;"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD:%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="Шаблон:Биоми"><abbr title="Преглед на шаблона" style=";background:#f0f0f0;;background:none transparent;border:none;">п</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a class="external text" href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%3A%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1"><abbr title="Беседа на шаблона (страницата не съществува)" style="color:#ba0000;;background:#f0f0f0;;background:none transparent;border:none;">б</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD:%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8&action=edit"><abbr title="Редактиране на шаблона" style=";background:#f0f0f0;;background:none transparent;border:none;">р</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div style="font-size:110%;"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Биом">Биоми</a></div></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:forestgreen;;">Биоми<br style="clear:both" />на сушата</th><td class="navbox-list nowraplinks navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em;"> </div><table cellspacing="0" class="navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;background:olive;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Полярни<br style="clear:both" />и планински</div></th><td class="navbox-list nowraplinks navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em;"> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Тундра</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="Бореални гори">Бореални гори</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B8_%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="Високопланински тревни и храстови биоми">Високопланински тревни и храстови биоми</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;background:lightgreen;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Умерени</div></th><td class="navbox-list nowraplinks navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em;"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Умерени иглолистни гори">Иглолистни гори</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Умерени широколистни и смесени гори">Широколистни и смесени гори</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8,_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B8_%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="Умерени тревни, саванни и храстови биоми">Тревни, саванни и храстови биоми</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;background:green;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Субтропични<br style="clear:both" />и тропични</div></th><td class="navbox-list nowraplinks navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em;"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B8_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Тропични и субтропични иглолистни гори">Иглолистни гори</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B8_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Тропични и субтропични влажни широколистни гори">Влажни широколистни гори</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B8_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%81%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B8_%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Тропични и субтропични сухи широколистни гори">Сухи широколистни гори</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B8_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8,_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B8_%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="Тропични и субтропични тревни, саванни и храстови биоми">Тревни, саванни и храстови биоми</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;background:gold;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Сухи</div></th><td class="navbox-list nowraplinks navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em;"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8,_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B8_%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="Средиземноморски гори, редколесия и храстови биоми">Средиземноморски гори, редколесия и храстови биоми</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="Пустини и ксерични храстови биоми">Пустини и ксерични храстови биоми</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;background:mediumseagreen;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Влажни</div></th><td class="navbox-list nowraplinks navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em;"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="Наводнявани тревни и саванни биоми">Наводнявани тревни и саванни биоми</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Мангрови гори">Мангрови гори</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:0.01%;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px;"><div> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Vegetation-no-legend.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Vegetation-no-legend.PNG/300px-Vegetation-no-legend.PNG" decoding="async" width="300" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Vegetation-no-legend.PNG/450px-Vegetation-no-legend.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Vegetation-no-legend.PNG/600px-Vegetation-no-legend.PNG 2x" data-file-width="1385" data-file-height="622" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#00FFFF;;">Водни<br style="clear:both" />биоми</th><td class="navbox-list nowraplinks navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em;"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE" title="Езеро">Езеро</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Литорална зона">Крайбежие</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Интертидална зона">Приливна зона</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Мангрови гори">Мангрови гори</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Келпови гори (страницата не съществува)">Келпови гори</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84" title="Коралов риф">Коралов риф</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Неритична зона">Брегова ивица</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%84" title="Континентален шелф">Континентален шелф</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Пелагична зона">Открито море</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D1%8A%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Океанско дъно">Океанско дъно</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Хидротермален комин">Хидротермално изтичане</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Студено изтичане">Студено изтичане</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:silver;;">Други биоми</th><td class="navbox-list nowraplinks navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em;"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ендолити (страницата не съществува)">Ендолити</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#ddddff;;">Екозони</th><td class="navbox-list nowraplinks navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em;"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Австралазийска екозона (страницата не съществува)">Австралазийска</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Антарктическа екозона (страницата не съществува)">Антарктическа</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%84%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Афротропическа екозона (страницата не съществува)">Афротропическа</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE-%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Индо-Малайска екозона">Индо-Малайска</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Неарктическа екозона (страницата не съществува)">Неарктическа</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Неотропическа екозона">Неотропическа</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Океанийска екозона (страницата не съществува)">Океанийска</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Палеарктическа екозона">Палеарктическа</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Взето от „<a dir="ltr" href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Тундра&oldid=12402902">https://bg.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Тундра&oldid=12402902</a>“.</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Специални:Категории">Категория</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="Категория:Биоми">Биоми</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div 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