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href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Уикипедия" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-bg.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.3125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Свободната енциклопедия" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-bg.svg" width="120" height="12" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.75em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%A2%D1%8A%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5" class="cdx-button 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<input type="hidden" name="title" value="Специални:Търсене"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Търсене</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Лични инструменти"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Облик"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Облик" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Облик</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_bg.wikipedia.org&uselang=bg" class=""><span>Направете дарение</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%A1%D1%8A%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0&returnto=%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Насърчаваме Ви да си създадете сметка и да влезете, въпреки че не е задължително." class=""><span>Създаване на сметка</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5&returnto=%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Препоръчваме Ви да влезете, въпреки, че не е задължително. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Влизане</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Допълнителни опции" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Лични инструменти" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Лични инструменти</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Потребителско меню" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_bg.wikipedia.org&uselang=bg"><span>Направете дарение</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%A1%D1%8A%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0&returnto=%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Насърчаваме Ви да си създадете сметка и да влезете, въпреки че не е задължително."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Създаване на сметка</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5&returnto=%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Препоръчваме Ви да влезете, въпреки, че не е задължително. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Влизане</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Страници за излезли от системата редактори <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%89:%D0%92%D1%8A%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" aria-label="Научете повече за редактирането"><span>научете повече</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Списък на промените, направени от този IP адрес [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Приноси</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Дискусия относно редакциите от този адрес [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Беседа</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Сайт"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Съдържание" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Съдържание</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">преместване към страничната лента</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">скриване</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Начало</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Литорални_подзони" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Литорални_подзони"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Литорални подзони</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Литорални_подзони-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Литорална_фауна" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Литорална_фауна"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Литорална фауна</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Литорална_фауна-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Литорална_флора" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Литорална_флора"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Литорална флора</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Литорална_флора-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Външни_препратки" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Външни_препратки"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Външни препратки</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Външни_препратки-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Съдържание" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Скриване/показване на съдържанието" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Скриване/показване на съдържанието</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Литорална зона</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Към статията на друг език. Налична на 51 езика" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-51" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">51 езика</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%82_%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B7%D8%A6%D9%8A" title="نطاق شاطئي – арабски" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نطاق شاطئي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="арабски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litoral_zona" title="Litoral zona – азербайджански" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Litoral zona" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="азербайджански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Літараль – беларуски" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Літараль" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="беларуски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF" title="বেলাভূমি – бенгалски" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বেলাভূমি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="бенгалски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Priobalje" title="Priobalje – босненски" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Priobalje" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="босненски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litoral" title="Litoral – каталонски" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Litoral" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="каталонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litor%C3%A1l" title="Litorál – чешки" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Litorál" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="чешки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kystzone" title="Kystzone – датски" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kystzone" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="датски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litoral" title="Litoral – немски" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Litoral" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="немски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%AC%CE%BA%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%B1_%CE%B6%CF%8E%CE%BD%CE%B7" title="Παράκτια ζώνη – гръцки" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Παράκτια ζώνη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="гръцки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Littoral_zone" title="Littoral zone – английски" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Littoral zone" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="английски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litoral_(geograf%C3%ADa)" title="Litoral (geografía) – испански" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Litoral (geografía)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="испански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litoraal" title="Litoraal – естонски" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Litoraal" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="естонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%87%D9%86%D9%87_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%84%DB%8C" title="پهنه ساحلی – персийски" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پهنه ساحلی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="персийски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rantavy%C3%B6hyke" title="Rantavyöhyke – фински" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Rantavyöhyke" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="фински" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Littoral" title="Littoral – френски" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Littoral" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="френски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litoral" title="Litoral – галисийски" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Litoral" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="галисийски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deheto" title="Deheto – горонтало" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="Deheto" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="горонтало" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Hulontalo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%96%D7%95%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%9B%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%AA" title="אזור הכרית – иврит" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אזור הכרית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="иврит" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Priobalje" title="Priobalje – хърватски" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Priobalje" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="хърватски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zona_litoral" title="Zona litoral – индонезийски" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Zona litoral" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="индонезийски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litoro" title="Litoro – идо" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Litoro" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="идо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battigia" title="Battigia – италиански" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Battigia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="италиански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B2%BF%E5%B2%B8%E5%B8%AF" title="沿岸帯 – японски" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="沿岸帯" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="японски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="ლიტორალი – грузински" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ლიტორალი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="грузински" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Литораль – казахски" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Литораль" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="казахски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%97%B0%EC%95%88%EB%8C%80" title="연안대 – корейски" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="연안대" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="корейски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Литораль – киргизки" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Литораль" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="киргизки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litoral%C4%97" title="Litoralė – литовски" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Litoralė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="литовски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litor%C4%81le" title="Litorāle – латвийски" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Litorāle" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="латвийски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Литорал – македонски" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Литорал" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="македонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="തീരസമുദ്രം – малаялам" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="തീരസമുദ്രം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="малаялам" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zon_litoral" title="Zon litoral – малайски" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Zon litoral" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="малайски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Littoraal" title="Littoraal – нидерландски" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Littoraal" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="нидерландски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litoral" title="Litoral – норвежки (нюношк)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Litoral" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="норвежки (нюношк)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litorau" title="Litorau – окситански" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Litorau" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="окситански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strefa_przybrze%C5%BCna" title="Strefa przybrzeżna – полски" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Strefa przybrzeżna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="полски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84" title="لیتورال – пущу" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="لیتورال" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="пущу" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litoral" title="Litoral – португалски" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Litoral" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="португалски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zon%C4%83_litoral%C4%83" title="Zonă litorală – румънски" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Zonă litorală" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="румънски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Литораль – руски" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Литораль" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="руски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litoral" title="Litoral – сърбохърватски" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Litoral" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="сърбохърватски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%99%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%85%E0%B6%B6%E0%B6%A9_%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B4" title="වෙරළබඩ කලාප – синхалски" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="වෙරළබඩ කලාප" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="синхалски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Littoral_zone" title="Littoral zone – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Littoral zone" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litoral" title="Litoral – словенски" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Litoral" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="словенски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Приобална зона – сръбски" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Приобална зона" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="сръбски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litoral" title="Litoral – шведски" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Litoral" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="шведски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Літораль – украински" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Літораль" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="украински" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litoral" title="Litoral – узбекски" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Litoral" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="узбекски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%E1%BA%ADn_duy%C3%AAn_h%E1%BA%A3i" title="Cận duyên hải – виетнамски" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cận duyên hải" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="виетнамски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B2%BF%E5%B2%B8%E5%B8%A6" title="沿岸带 – китайски" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="沿岸带" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="китайски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q506894#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Редактиране на междуезиковите препратки" class="wbc-editpage">Редактиране</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Именни пространства"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Преглед на основната страница [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Статия</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0:%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0" rel="discussion" title="Беседа за страницата [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Беседа</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Промяна на езиковия вариант" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">български</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet 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class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Littoral_zones" hreflang="en"><span>Общомедия</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q506894" title="Препратка към свързания обект от хранилището за данни [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Обект в Уикиданни</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Облик"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Облик</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">преместване към страничната лента</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">скриване</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">от Уикипедия, свободната енциклопедия</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="bg" dir="ltr"><div class="othermeaning-box"> <dl><dd><i>Вижте <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB_(%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5)" title="Литорал (пояснение)">пояснителната страница</a> за други значения на <b>Литорал</b>.</i></dd></dl> <hr /></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Olympic_Coast_National_Marine_Sanctuary.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Olympic_Coast_National_Marine_Sanctuary.jpg/230px-Olympic_Coast_National_Marine_Sanctuary.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Olympic_Coast_National_Marine_Sanctuary.jpg/345px-Olympic_Coast_National_Marine_Sanctuary.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3f/Olympic_Coast_National_Marine_Sanctuary.jpg 2x" data-file-width="404" data-file-height="265" /></a><figcaption>Литорална зона</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Литоралната зона</b> или <b>Приливно-отливна зона</b> (на <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Латински език">латински</a>: <span lang="la" dir="ltr" style="font-style:italic">litoralis</span> — крайбрежен, брегови) е екологичната зона от морското дъно, заливана по време на прилив и осушавана по време на отлив. Разполага се между нивото на водата при най-ниския отлив и нивото на водата при най-високия прилив и обикновено се използва за определяне на местообитанията на множество морски форми на живот. Този участък от морското дъно се покрива и освобождава от водата два пъти в денонощието.<sup id="cite_ref-bse_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bse-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Някои учени назовават литорална зона – континентален склон или зона на разпространение на морските растения, като включват цялото дъно на морските басейни на дълбочина 200 m, а други – на дълбочина 40 – 50 m, където се прокарва долната граница на действието на морските вълни. В зависимост от наклона на дъното и амплитудата на приливно-отливните колебания ширината на литоралната зона може да бъде от няколко метра до няколко километри. В зависимост от грунта по дъното на водоемите се различават четири вида литорални зони: тинеста, пясъчна, камениста и скалиста.<sup id="cite_ref-bse_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bse-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Литорални_подзони"><span id=".D0.9B.D0.B8.D1.82.D0.BE.D1.80.D0.B0.D0.BB.D0.BD.D0.B8_.D0.BF.D0.BE.D0.B4.D0.B7.D0.BE.D0.BD.D0.B8"></span>Литорални подзони</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Редактиране на раздел: Литорални подзони" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Литорални подзони"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Литоралната област обикновено се разделя на три подзони: </p> <ul><li><b>Супралиторална зона</b> – зона, която е над най-високата точка на прилива, но е засегната от прибоя на вълните. Тази зона има екстремни, но сравнително стабилни условия на живот през цялата година, в горещи и сухи лета и в студени зими. Тя е изложена на силна слънчева радиация и на високото ниво на солеността на локви, които бавно се изпаряват на слънце. Броят на видовете, живеещи в тази зона, е сравнително малък.</li> <li><b>Същинска литорална зона</b> – зоната между най-горната граница на прилива и най-долната граница на отлива. Подобно на супралиторалната зона, условията на живот тук също са екстремни, но са обект на внезапни промени. Зоната е под въздействие на физически сили като прибой на вълните и ерозия, по време на прилив животните трябва да се адаптират към живота под вода и при отлив, към условията на въздуха, вятъра и пряката слънчева светлина. Животните в тази зона обикновено имат уникални адаптации към жизнената среда.</li> <li><b>Сублиторална зона</b> – зоната, която е непосредствено след най-ниската точка на отлива и е винаги залята с морска вода.<sup id="cite_ref-bse_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bse-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Литорална_фауна"><span id=".D0.9B.D0.B8.D1.82.D0.BE.D1.80.D0.B0.D0.BB.D0.BD.D0.B0_.D1.84.D0.B0.D1.83.D0.BD.D0.B0"></span>Литорална фауна</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Редактиране на раздел: Литорална фауна" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Литорална фауна"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Литоралната фауна включва всички животни, които я населяват. За нея е характерно приспособяването ѝ към строго периодичното пребиваване на въздух, към резките денонощни и сезонни колебания на температурата и солеността, към действието на пряката слънчева радиация и прибоя на морските вълни. Много от обитателите на литоралната зона по време на отлив се крият под камъни, сред водораслите, под надвиснали скали или извършват регулярни премествания по вертикалата, следвайки приливите и изменението на морското равнище.<sup id="cite_ref-bse_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bse-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>В състава на литоралната фауна влизат множество безгръбначни (<a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B3%D1%8A%D0%B1%D0%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="Морски гъби">морски гъби</a>, чревноивичести, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Червей">червеи</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Ракообразни">ракообразни</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Мекотели">мекотели</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Ектопрокти">ектопрокти</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="Иглокожи">иглокожи</a> и др.) и риби. Най-богата и разнообразна е литоралната фауна в тропиците, като по направлението от екватора към полюсите тя става все по-бедна на видове. В Арктика и Антарктика, където голяма част от годината литоралната зона е покрита с ледове и по откритите прибойни плажове в тропичните пояси, където е много силна инсолацията, литоралната фауна е крайно бедна или отсъства. В умерената зона средната величина на биомасата на литоралната фауна съставлява 2 – 3 kg/m², достигайки в отделни места 30 – 40 kg/m². В тропиците средната величина на биомасата е малко под 1 kg/m², но на места достига 40 – 43 kg/m². У литоралните животни са се развили разнообразни приспособления, препятстващи изсъхването им по време на отлив, например плътното затваряне на раковините им (при много мекотели, ракообразни и морски желъди), плътно прилепване към камъните (при <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Панцерни мекотели">панцерните мекотели</a> и морските блюдца), силно свиване и покриване със слуз (при <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Голохрили охлюви">голохрилите охлюви</a> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Актинии">актинии</a>) и т.н. Различни животински видове са способни да остават във въздушна среда повече или по-малко продължително време, което обуславя вертикалната зоналност в разпределението на литоралната фауна. Добре защитените от изсъхване животински видове населяват горните хоризонти на зоната, а по-слабо защитените – средните и долните хоризонти. Обитаващите в сублиторалната подзона животни (някои видове риби, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Скариди">скариди</a> и др.) само по време на прилив се появяват в литоралната зона, използвайки намиращата се тук обилна храна. В моретата на умерената зона литоралните животни през зимата мигрират в сублиторалната подзона, други изпадат в анабиоза и могат да преживеят продължително замразяване. По скалите обитават морски желъди (балануси) и <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Стриди">стриди</a>, миди и други митилиди, актинии, панцерни мекотели, <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Асцидии">асцидии</a>, а по дъното, в тинята и пясъка – множество червеи и мекотели.<sup id="cite_ref-bse_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bse-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Литоралната зона е преходна зона между морето и сушата. Тук най-вече се осъществява прехода от морски към сухоземен начин на живот (раци, червеи и др.) и вторичен преход от наземен към морски живот (някои видове мекотели). В моретата, лишени от приливно-отливни процеси, литоралната фауна съответства на тази от крайбрежната сухоземна ивица, заливана от вълните – т.нар. <i>псевдолиторална фауна</i>, а фауната, населяваща супралиторалната зона (прибоя на вълните), се нарича супралиторална. Множество от литоралните животни се използват за храна и са обект на промишлен риболов – стриди, миди, раци, морски таралежи, някои видове червеи и др.<sup id="cite_ref-bse_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bse-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Литорална_флора"><span id=".D0.9B.D0.B8.D1.82.D0.BE.D1.80.D0.B0.D0.BB.D0.BD.D0.B0_.D1.84.D0.BB.D0.BE.D1.80.D0.B0"></span>Литорална флора</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Редактиране на раздел: Литорална флора" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Литорална флора"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>В моретата литоралната флора се състои основно от зелени, кафяви, червени и синьозелени водорасли, прикрепени към дъното. Видовият състав на литоралната флора съществено се изменя от горните към долните хоризонти на литоралната зона, като най-голямо значение за нейното разпространение има вида и състава на морското дъно. В литорални зони с каменисто дъно литоралната флора е по-богата от тази с меко дъно (тиня, пясък). Най-пищно развитие литоралната флора достига в умерените пояси. Тук в горния хоризонт на зоната растат предимно зелени водорасли, а в средната и долната – кафяви и червени водорасли. В северните ширини литоралната флора е слабо развита, а в тропиците, в участъците от крайбрежието, подложено на действието на пряката слънчева светлина, литоралната флора е представена от мангрови дървета и по рядко водни треви и водорасли. Литоралната флора играе голяма роля в крайбрежната ивица като основен източник за натрупване на органични вещества, а също и за убежище и често за храна на животните, населяващи литоралната зона. Литоралната флора във вътрешните сухоземни водоеми заема обширна зона до границата на дълбоководната растителност и се състои основно от цветни растения.<sup id="cite_ref-bse_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bse-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Външни_препратки"><span id=".D0.92.D1.8A.D0.BD.D1.88.D0.BD.D0.B8_.D0.BF.D1.80.D0.B5.D0.BF.D1.80.D0.B0.D1.82.D0.BA.D0.B8"></span>Външни препратки</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Редактиране на раздел: Външни препратки" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Външни препратки"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://e-ecodb.bas.bg/rdb/bg/vol3/02A2.html">Литорални пясъци и тинести пясъци</a>. Морски местообитания. <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%90%D0%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="БАН">БАН</a>; посетен на 16 октомври 2018</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/science/littoral-zone">Литорална зона</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Енциклопедия Британика">Енциклопедия Британика</a> (на английски)</li></ul> <table cellspacing="0" class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table cellspacing="0" class="collapsible collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:#f0f0f0;;"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD:%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="Шаблон:Биоми"><abbr title="Преглед на шаблона" style=";background:#f0f0f0;;background:none transparent;border:none;">п</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a class="external text" href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%3A%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1"><abbr title="Беседа на шаблона (страницата не съществува)" style="color:#ba0000;;background:#f0f0f0;;background:none transparent;border:none;">б</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD:%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8&action=edit"><abbr title="Редактиране на шаблона" style=";background:#f0f0f0;;background:none transparent;border:none;">р</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div style="font-size:110%;"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Биом">Биоми</a></div></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:forestgreen;;">Биоми<br style="clear:both" />на сушата</th><td class="navbox-list nowraplinks navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em;"> </div><table cellspacing="0" class="navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;background:olive;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Полярни<br style="clear:both" />и планински</div></th><td class="navbox-list nowraplinks navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em;"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Тундра">Тундра</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="Бореални гори">Бореални гори</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B8_%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="Високопланински тревни и храстови биоми">Високопланински тревни и храстови биоми</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;background:lightgreen;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Умерени</div></th><td class="navbox-list nowraplinks navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em;"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Умерени иглолистни гори">Иглолистни гори</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Умерени широколистни и смесени гори">Широколистни и смесени гори</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8,_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B8_%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="Умерени тревни, саванни и храстови биоми">Тревни, саванни и храстови биоми</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;background:green;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Субтропични<br style="clear:both" />и тропични</div></th><td class="navbox-list nowraplinks navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em;"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B8_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Тропични и субтропични иглолистни гори">Иглолистни гори</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B8_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Тропични и субтропични влажни широколистни гори">Влажни широколистни гори</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B8_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%81%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B8_%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Тропични и субтропични сухи широколистни гори">Сухи широколистни гори</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B8_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8,_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B8_%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="Тропични и субтропични тревни, саванни и храстови биоми">Тревни, саванни и храстови биоми</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;background:gold;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Сухи</div></th><td class="navbox-list nowraplinks navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em;"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8,_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B8_%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="Средиземноморски гори, редколесия и храстови биоми">Средиземноморски гори, редколесия и храстови биоми</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="Пустини и ксерични храстови биоми">Пустини и ксерични храстови биоми</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;;background:mediumseagreen;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Влажни</div></th><td class="navbox-list nowraplinks navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em;"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="Наводнявани тревни и саванни биоми">Наводнявани тревни и саванни биоми</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Мангрови гори">Мангрови гори</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:0.01%;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px;"><div> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Vegetation-no-legend.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Vegetation-no-legend.PNG/300px-Vegetation-no-legend.PNG" decoding="async" width="300" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Vegetation-no-legend.PNG/450px-Vegetation-no-legend.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Vegetation-no-legend.PNG/600px-Vegetation-no-legend.PNG 2x" data-file-width="1385" data-file-height="622" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#00FFFF;;">Водни<br style="clear:both" />биоми</th><td class="navbox-list nowraplinks navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em;"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE" title="Езеро">Езеро</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Крайбежие</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Интертидална зона">Приливна зона</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Мангрови гори">Мангрови гори</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Келпови гори (страницата не съществува)">Келпови гори</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84" title="Коралов риф">Коралов риф</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Неритична зона">Брегова ивица</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%84" title="Континентален шелф">Континентален шелф</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Пелагична зона">Открито море</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D1%8A%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Океанско дъно">Океанско дъно</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Хидротермален комин">Хидротермално изтичане</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Студено изтичане">Студено изтичане</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:silver;;">Други биоми</th><td class="navbox-list nowraplinks navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em;"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ендолити (страницата не съществува)">Ендолити</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#ddddff;;">Екозони</th><td class="navbox-list nowraplinks navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em;"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Австралазийска екозона (страницата не съществува)">Австралазийска</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Антарктическа екозона (страницата не съществува)">Антарктическа</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%84%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Афротропическа екозона (страницата не съществува)">Афротропическа</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE-%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Индо-Малайска екозона">Индо-Малайска</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Неарктическа екозона (страницата не съществува)">Неарктическа</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Неотропическа екозона">Неотропическа</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Океанийска екозона (страницата не съществува)">Океанийска</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Палеарктическа екозона">Палеарктическа</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-bse-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-bse_1-0"><sup><i><b>а</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bse_1-1"><sup><i><b>б</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bse_1-2"><sup><i><b>в</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bse_1-3"><sup><i><b>г</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bse_1-4"><sup><i><b>д</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bse_1-5"><sup><i><b>е</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bse_1-6"><sup><i><b>ж</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="color:blue; font-size:0.8em; cursor:help;" title="На руски език"><b>(</b>(ru)<b>)</b></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bse.sci-lib.com/article070819.html">«Большая Советская Энциклопедия» – Литораль, Литоральная фауна, Литоральная флора т. 14, стр. 562</a></span> </li> </ol></div>    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