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id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Finite element framework software</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">MOOSE</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Moose_Multiphysics.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Moose_Multiphysics.png/120px-Moose_Multiphysics.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Moose_Multiphysics.png/180px-Moose_Multiphysics.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Moose_Multiphysics.png/240px-Moose_Multiphysics.png 2x" data-file-width="665" data-file-height="219" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:MOOSE_Peacock_input.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/MOOSE_Peacock_input.png/220px-MOOSE_Peacock_input.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/MOOSE_Peacock_input.png/330px-MOOSE_Peacock_input.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/MOOSE_Peacock_input.png/440px-MOOSE_Peacock_input.png 2x" data-file-width="2880" data-file-height="1800" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">The MOOSE <a href="/wiki/GUI" class="mw-redirect" title="GUI">GUI</a> <i>Peacock</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Programmer" title="Programmer">Original author(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Derek Gaston</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Programmer" title="Programmer">Developer(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Idaho_National_Laboratory" title="Idaho National Laboratory">Idaho National Laboratory</a> and contributors</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Initial release</th><td class="infobox-data">June 10, 2008<span class="noprint">; 16 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2008-06-10</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">Operating system</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X" class="mw-redirect" title="Mac OS X">Mac OS X</a>, <a href="/wiki/Unix" title="Unix">Unix</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Available in</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++">C++</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_categories#Categorization_approaches" title="Software categories">Type</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Finite_element_analysis" class="mw-redirect" title="Finite element analysis">Finite element analysis</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_license" title="Software license">License</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/LGPL" class="mw-redirect" title="LGPL">LGPL</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mooseframework.inl.gov">mooseframework<wbr />.inl<wbr />.gov</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>MOOSE</b> (<b>Multiphysics Object Oriented Simulation Environment</b>) is an <a href="/wiki/Object-oriented_programming" title="Object-oriented programming">object-oriented</a> <a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++">C++</a> finite element framework for the development of tightly coupled <a href="/wiki/Multiphysics" class="mw-redirect" title="Multiphysics">multiphysics</a> solvers from <a href="/wiki/Idaho_National_Laboratory" title="Idaho National Laboratory">Idaho National Laboratory</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-MOSE_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MOSE-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> MOOSE makes use of the <a href="/wiki/PETSc" class="mw-redirect" title="PETSc">PETSc</a> non-linear solver package and libmesh to provide the finite element discretization. </p><p>A key design aspect of MOOSE is the decomposition of <a href="/wiki/Weak_formulation" title="Weak formulation">weak form</a> <a href="/wiki/Residual_(numerical_analysis)" title="Residual (numerical analysis)">residual</a> equations into separate terms that are each represented by compute kernels. The combination of these kernels into complete residuals describing the problem to be solved is performed at run time. This allows modifications such as toggling of mechanisms and the addition of new physics without recompilation. MOOSE comes with an extensive library of kernels providing residual terms for <a href="/wiki/Solid_mechanics" title="Solid mechanics">solid mechanics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Navier%E2%80%93Stokes_equations" title="Navier–Stokes equations">Navier–Stokes equations</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phase-field_model" title="Phase-field model">phase-field models</a> and more. </p><p>MOOSE uses <a href="/wiki/VTK" title="VTK">VTK</a> for visualisation. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MOOSE_(software)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The development of MOOSE at <a href="/wiki/Idaho_National_Laboratory" title="Idaho National Laboratory">Idaho National Laboratory</a> (INL) since May 2008, has resulted in a unique approach to computational engineering that combines <a href="/wiki/Computer_science" title="Computer science">computer science</a> with a strong underlying mathematical description in a unique way that allows scientists and engineers to develop engineering <a href="/wiki/Simulation" title="Simulation">simulation</a> tools in a fraction of the time previously required.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The heart of MOOSE is the Kernel. A Kernel is a "piece" of <a href="/wiki/Physics" title="Physics">physics</a>. To add new physics to an application built using MOOSE, all that is required is to supply a new Kernel that describes the discrete form of the equation. It's usually convenient to think of a Kernel as a <a href="/wiki/Operator_(mathematics)" title="Operator (mathematics)">mathematical operator</a>, such as a <a href="/wiki/Laplacian" class="mw-redirect" title="Laplacian">Laplacian</a> or a <a href="/wiki/Convection" title="Convection">convection</a> term in a <a href="/wiki/Partial_differential_equation" title="Partial differential equation">partial differential equation</a> (PDE). Kernels may be swapped or coupled together to achieve different application goals. These Kernels, which now number in the hundreds, allow a <a href="/wiki/Scientist" title="Scientist">scientist</a> or <a href="/wiki/Engineer" title="Engineer">engineer</a> to develop an application rapidly. </p><p>For a new application, existing Kernels are selected as-is, or modified as necessary, and "plugged" in. An <a href="/wiki/Advection" title="Advection">advection</a>-<a href="/wiki/Diffusion" title="Diffusion">diffusion</a>-<a href="/wiki/Reaction_(physics)" title="Reaction (physics)">reaction</a> equation is of the same mathematical form no matter what application it is being used for. Typically, only the form of the coefficients or the dependencies on other physics need to be defined; rarely must complete Kernels be constructed from scratch. With MOOSE, only the Kernel development is required from the scientist or engineer (<a href="/wiki/Software_developer" class="mw-redirect" title="Software developer">application developer</a>). MOOSE is designed to do everything else for the application developer, such as finite element <a href="/wiki/Discretization" title="Discretization">discretization</a> of the PDEs, the nonlinear solver, and the parallel <a href="/wiki/High_performance_computing" class="mw-redirect" title="High performance computing">high performance computing</a>. </p><p>The idea of naming MOOSE-based applications after <a href="/wiki/Idaho" title="Idaho">Idaho</a> <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_(ecology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Indigenous (ecology)">indigenous</a> animal species is loosely based on <a href="/wiki/Los_Alamos_National_Laboratory" title="Los Alamos National Laboratory">Los Alamos National Laboratory</a>'s 1970s – 1990s approach to naming their codes after <a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native American</a> tribes and artifacts, such as APACHE, CONCHAS, and the <a href="/wiki/KIVA_(software)" title="KIVA (software)">KIVA</a> series of codes. There are now over twenty MOOSE-based application animals in various stages of development, ranging from recently obtaining preliminary results to being nationally recognized as <a href="/wiki/State-of-the-art" class="mw-redirect" title="State-of-the-art">state-of-the-art</a> efforts (such as BISON and MARMOT for fuels performance modeling & simulation activities). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MOOSE_(software)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Multiphysics_Object-Oriented_Simulation_Environment_(MOOSE).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/22/Multiphysics_Object-Oriented_Simulation_Environment_%28MOOSE%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="500" height="281" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="281" /></a><figcaption>MOOSE / BISON simulation: A piece of a <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_fuel" title="Nuclear fuel">fuel pellet</a> has chipped away (center left) due to a manufacturing defect or damage incurred while it was in transit. The damaged pellet surface induces a high-stress state in the adjacent cladding. As a result, the pellets warm up and densify before swelling back out due to <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_fission_product" title="Nuclear fission product">fission products</a> building up inside of them, further stressing the surrounding fuel cladding.</figcaption></figure> <p>MOOSE is a development and <a href="/wiki/Run-time_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Run-time system">run-time environment</a> for the solution of multi-physics systems that involve multiple physical models or multiple simultaneous physical phenomena. The systems are generally represented (modeled) as a system of fully coupled nonlinear partial differential equation systems (an example of a multi-physics system is the thermal feedback effect upon <a href="/wiki/Neutron_cross_section" title="Neutron cross section">neutronics cross-sections</a> where the cross-sections are a function of the <a href="/wiki/Heat_transfer" title="Heat transfer">heat transfer</a>). Inside MOOSE, the Jacobian-Free Newton Krylov (JFNK) method is implemented as a parallel nonlinear solver that naturally supports effective coupling between physics equation systems (or Kernels).<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The physics Kernels are designed to contribute to the nonlinear residual, which is then minimized inside of MOOSE. MOOSE provides a comprehensive set of <a href="/wiki/Finite_element" class="mw-redirect" title="Finite element">finite element</a> support capabilities (libMesh) and provides for mesh adaptation and <a href="/wiki/Parallel_computing" title="Parallel computing">parallel execution</a>. The framework heavily leverages <a href="/wiki/Software_libraries" class="mw-redirect" title="Software libraries">software libraries</a> from the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Energy" title="United States Department of Energy">Department of Energy</a> (DOE) and the <a href="/wiki/National_Nuclear_Security_Administration" title="National Nuclear Security Administration">National Nuclear Security Administration</a> (NNSA), such as the nonlinear solver capabilities in either the Portable, Extensible Toolkit for Scientific Computation (<a href="/wiki/PETSc" class="mw-redirect" title="PETSc">PETSc</a>) project or the <a href="/wiki/Trilinos" title="Trilinos">Trilinos</a> project. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ELK_(Extended_Library_of_Kernels)"><span id="ELK_.28Extended_Library_of_Kernels.29"></span>ELK (Extended Library of Kernels)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MOOSE_(software)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: ELK (Extended Library of Kernels)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>ELK is a library for common Kernels, boundary conditions and material base classes.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="YAK_(Yet_Another_Kernel)"><span id="YAK_.28Yet_Another_Kernel.29"></span>YAK (Yet Another Kernel)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MOOSE_(software)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: YAK (Yet Another Kernel)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>YAK is a library of common actions, Kernels, boundary conditions, and material base classes for radiation transport applications. YAK is currently linked with RattleSnake (multi-group radiation Sn transport), Pronghorn (multi-group diffusion), and Critter (multi-length scale temperature feedback). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Applications">Applications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MOOSE_(software)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Applications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="BISON">BISON</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MOOSE_(software)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: BISON"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>BISON was the first MOOSE-based application "animal," and is a finite element-based nuclear fuel performance code applicable to a variety of fuel forms including <a href="/wiki/Light_water_reactor" class="mw-redirect" title="Light water reactor">light water reactor</a> fuel rods, <a href="/wiki/TRISO" class="mw-redirect" title="TRISO">TRISO</a> fuel particles, and metallic rod and plate fuel.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It solves the fully coupled equations of thermomechanics and species diffusion and includes important fuel physics such as fission gas release and material property degradation with burnup. BISON is based on the MOOSE framework<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and can therefore efficiently solve problems on either <a href="/wiki/Two-dimensional" class="mw-redirect" title="Two-dimensional">two-dimensional</a> <a href="/wiki/Axisymmetric" class="mw-redirect" title="Axisymmetric">axisymmetric</a> or <a href="/wiki/Three-dimensional" class="mw-redirect" title="Three-dimensional">three-dimensional</a> geometries using standard workstations or large <a href="/wiki/High_performance_computers" class="mw-redirect" title="High performance computers">high performance computers</a>. <a href="/wiki/Plasticity_(physics)" title="Plasticity (physics)">Plasticity</a>, irradiation growth, and thermal and irradiation creep models are implemented for clad materials. Models are also available to simulate gap heat transfer, mechanical contact, and the evolution of the gap/<a href="/wiki/Plenum_(physics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Plenum (physics)">plenum</a> pressure with plenum volume, gas temperature, and fission gas addition. BISON is also coupled to a MOOSE-based <a href="/wiki/Mesoscopic_scale" class="mw-redirect" title="Mesoscopic scale">mesoscale</a> phase field material property simulation capability.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="MARMOT">MARMOT</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MOOSE_(software)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: MARMOT"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>MARMOT is a finite element-based phase field code for modeling irradiation-induced <a href="/wiki/Microstructure" title="Microstructure">microstructure</a> evolution. MARMOT predicts the effect of <a href="/wiki/Radiation_damage" title="Radiation damage">radiation damage</a> on microstructure evolution, including void <a href="/wiki/Nucleation" title="Nucleation">nucleation</a> and growth, bubble growth, <a href="/wiki/Grain_boundary" title="Grain boundary">grain boundary</a> migration, and gas diffusion and segregation. The phase field equations can be coupled with heat conduction and <a href="/wiki/Solid_mechanics" title="Solid mechanics">solid mechanics</a> from ELK to consider the effect of temperature and stress gradients on the evolution. In addition, MARMOT calculates the effect of the microstructure evolution on various bulk material properties, including <a href="/wiki/Thermal_conductivity" class="mw-redirect" title="Thermal conductivity">thermal conductivity</a> and <a href="/wiki/Porosity" title="Porosity">porosity</a>. Once the bulk properties have been calculated, they can be passed to BISON for a fuel performance simulation. This coupling between MARMOT and BISON has been achieved in the hybrid code BARMOT.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="FALCON">FALCON</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MOOSE_(software)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: FALCON"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>FALCON is being developed to enable simulation of the tightly coupled fluid-rock behavior in <a href="/wiki/Hydrothermal" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydrothermal">hydrothermal</a> and engineered <a href="/wiki/Geothermal_energy" title="Geothermal energy">geothermal</a> system (EGS) <a href="/wiki/Reservoirs" class="mw-redirect" title="Reservoirs">reservoirs</a>, targeting the dynamics of fracture stimulation, fluid flow, rock deformation, and heat transport in a single integrated code, with the ultimate goal of providing a tool that can be used to test the viability of EGS in the United States and worldwide.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Reliable reservoir performance predictions of EGS systems require accurate and robust modeling for the coupled thermal-hydrological-mechanical processes. Conventionally, these types of problems are solved using <a href="/wiki/Operator_splitting" class="mw-redirect" title="Operator splitting">operator splitting</a> methods, usually by coupling a subsurface flow and heat transport simulator with a <a href="/wiki/Solid_mechanics" title="Solid mechanics">solid mechanics</a> simulator via input files.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> FALCON eliminates the need for using operator splitting methods to simulate these systems, and the scalability of MOOSE supported applications allows for simulating these tightly coupled processes at the reservoir scale, allowing for examination of the system as a whole (something the operator splitting methodologies generally cannot do).<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="RAT">RAT</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MOOSE_(software)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: RAT"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>ReActive Transport (RAT) has been developed to solve reactive transport problems in subsurface <a href="/wiki/Porous_media" class="mw-redirect" title="Porous media">porous media</a> that involves highly nonlinearly coupled physical processes of <a href="/wiki/Fluid_flow" class="mw-redirect" title="Fluid flow">fluid flow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Solute" class="mw-redirect" title="Solute">solute</a> transport, <a href="/wiki/Biogeochemical" class="mw-redirect" title="Biogeochemical">biogeochemical</a> reactions and media-solution interactions. These problems are common in various subsurface-engineered systems, such as engineered <a href="/wiki/Environmental_remediation" title="Environmental remediation">environmental remediation</a>, enhanced geothermal systems and carbon dioxide geological sequestration. Currently, the physics that could be coupled in RAT include: single-phase fluid flow in porous media, <a href="/wiki/Advection" title="Advection">advection</a>, dispersion and diffusion transport, aqueous kinetic reaction, aqueous equilibrium reaction, kinetic mineral precipitation/dissolution reaction, and Carmen-Kozeny porosity-permeability relationship.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This software is not to be confused with the Reactor Analysis Tool<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (RAT) which is a toolkit based on ROOT<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and GEANT4<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for microphysical simulations of scintillation detectors used in neutrino and dark matter experiments including Braidwood, SNO+, and DEAP-3600. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="RELAP-7">RELAP-7</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MOOSE_(software)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: RELAP-7"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>RELAP-7 is the next-generation tool in the <a href="/wiki/RELAP5-3D" title="RELAP5-3D">RELAP safety/systems analysis application series</a> and is based upon the MOOSE development and <a href="/wiki/Runtime_environment" class="mw-redirect" title="Runtime environment">runtime environment</a> framework.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> RELAP-7 will retain and improve the basic analysis capability of RELAP5. The four major improvements are 1) A well-posed seven-equation two-phase flow model (liquid, gas, and interface pressures) versus the obsolete ill-posed six-equation flow model (non-physical mixture sound speed) found in RELAP5; 2) Improved numerical approximations resulting in second-order accuracy in both space and time versus the first order approximations in RELAP5; 3) Implicit tightly coupled time integration for long duration transients, such as providing plant behavior for full life <a href="/wiki/Fuel_cycle" class="mw-redirect" title="Fuel cycle">fuel cycle</a> evaluations; and 4) the ability to easily couple to multi-dimensional core simulators being developed in other programs (NEAMS, CASL, ATR LEP).<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pronghorn">Pronghorn</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MOOSE_(software)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Pronghorn"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pronghorn was originally developed for simulation of the gas-cooled pebble-bed <a href="/wiki/VHTR" class="mw-redirect" title="VHTR">VHTR</a> concept. The current capabilities of Pronghorn include transient and steady coupled porous fluid flow and solid-state heat conduction with a standard multi-group diffusion model (i.e., fixed-source, criticality, and time-dependent).<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Recently added capabilities include a nonlinear acceleration scheme for criticality problems and a simple thermal-fluid model for the prismatic reactor concept. Future capabilities will include a more advanced multi-phase flow type of model (to study thermal boundary layer effects) and a radiation transport model. The physics can be solved in three-dimensional <a href="/wiki/Cartesian_coordinate_system" title="Cartesian coordinate system">Cartesian</a> (x, y, z) or cylindrical (<a href="/wiki/Cylindrical_coordinate_system" title="Cylindrical coordinate system">r, q, z</a>) space, with precursor and <a href="/wiki/Adiabatic" class="mw-redirect" title="Adiabatic">adiabatic</a> thermal feedback models. This code has been validated against the PBMR400 benchmark problem. Using Pronghorn, rod ejection simulations have been conducted for thermal-fluids/neutronics for both pebble-bed and prismatic gas-cooled reactors and simple thermal-neutronics coupled LWR benchmark problems.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Features">Features</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MOOSE_(software)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Features"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Fully coupled, fully implicit multiphysics solver</li> <li>Dimension independent physics</li> <li>Automatically parallel (largest runs >100,000 CPU cores)</li> <li>Modular development simplifies code reuse</li> <li>Built-in mesh adaptivity</li> <li>Continuous and Discontinuous Galerkin (DG) (at the same time)</li> <li>Forward-mode automatic differentiation for Jacobian matrix computation</li> <li>Intuitive parallel multiscale solves (see videos below)</li> <li>Dimension agnostic, parallel geometric search (for contact related applications)</li> <li>Flexible, pluggable graphical user interface</li> <li>~30 pluggable interfaces allow specialization of every part of the solve</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MOOSE_(software)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-MOSE-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a 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a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output 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Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA. <a href="/wiki/OSTI_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OSTI (identifier)">OSTI</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/974761">974761</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc933893/">the original</a> on 2021-03-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-03-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=35th+Stanford+Geothermal+Workshop&rft.atitle=Massively+parallel+fully+coupled+implicit+modeling+of+coupled+thermal-hydrological-mechanical+processes+for+enhanced+geothermal+system+reservoirs&rft.date=2010-02-01%2F2010-02-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.osti.gov%2Fbiblio%2F974761%23id-name%3DOSTI&rft.au=R.+Podgorney&rft.au=H.+Huang&rft.au=D.+Gaston&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigital.library.unt.edu%2Fark%3A%2F67531%2Fmetadc933893%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMOOSE+%28software%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParkKnollGastonMartineau2010" class="citation journal cs1">Park, H.; Knoll, D. A.; Gaston, D. R.; Martineau, R. C. (2010). "Tightly Coupled Multiphysics Algorithms for Pebble Bed Reactors". <i>Nuclear Science and Engineering</i>. <b>166</b> (2): 118–133. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010NSE...166..118P">2010NSE...166..118P</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.13182%2FNSE09-104">10.13182/NSE09-104</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:122179997">122179997</a>.</cite><span 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