CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Günter Grass - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"47faa9f8-6a84-4232-9ed8-f697d2e19e97","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Günter_Grass","wgTitle":"Günter Grass","wgCurRevisionId":1276023121,"wgRevisionId":1276023121,"wgArticleId":23473348,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages using the Phonos extension","CS1 errors: periodical ignored","Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from May 2021","Webarchive template wayback links","CS1 German-language sources (de)","CS1 Polish-language sources (pl)","All articles with bare URLs for citations","Articles with bare URLs for citations from March 2022","Articles with image file bare URLs for citations","All articles with dead external links","Articles with dead external links from October 2010", "Articles with German-language sources (de)","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Use dmy dates from February 2021","Pages with German IPA","Pages including recorded pronunciations","Commons category link from Wikidata","CS1: long volume value","People appearing on C-SPAN","Nobelprize template using Wikidata property P8024","Günter Grass","1927 births","2015 deaths","Catholic socialists","Fellows of the Royal Society of Literature","Georg Büchner Prize winners","German autobiographers","German-language poets","German male novelists","German male dramatists and playwrights","German male sculptors","20th-century German memoirists","German Nobel laureates","German prisoners of war in World War II held by the United States","German Roman Catholics","German socialists","Kunstakademie Düsseldorf alumni","Magic realism writers","Members of the Academy of Arts, Berlin","Nobel laureates in Literature","People from the Free City of Danzig", "Waffen-SS personnel","Writers who illustrated their own writing","20th-century German essayists","20th-century German dramatists and playwrights","20th-century German novelists","20th-century German poets","German male poets","20th-century German sculptors","20th-century German male artists","21st-century German essayists","21st-century German novelists","21st-century German poets","21st-century German male writers","Luftwaffenhelfer","Kashubian poets","Reich Labour Service members","20th-century German male writers","Berlin University of the Arts alumni"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Günter_Grass","wgRelevantArticleId":23473348,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true, "wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":50000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q6538","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading", "ext.phonos.styles":"ready","ext.phonos.icons":"ready","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.phonos.init","ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface", "ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.phonos.icons%2Cstyles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.17"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Europese_conferentie_van_schrijvers_Haagse_Treffen_in_Kurhaus_te_Scheveningen%2C_Bestanddeelnr_932-1798.jpg/1200px-Europese_conferentie_van_schrijvers_Haagse_Treffen_in_Kurhaus_te_Scheveningen%2C_Bestanddeelnr_932-1798.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1811"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Europese_conferentie_van_schrijvers_Haagse_Treffen_in_Kurhaus_te_Scheveningen%2C_Bestanddeelnr_932-1798.jpg/800px-Europese_conferentie_van_schrijvers_Haagse_Treffen_in_Kurhaus_te_Scheveningen%2C_Bestanddeelnr_932-1798.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1208"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Europese_conferentie_van_schrijvers_Haagse_Treffen_in_Kurhaus_te_Scheveningen%2C_Bestanddeelnr_932-1798.jpg/640px-Europese_conferentie_van_schrijvers_Haagse_Treffen_in_Kurhaus_te_Scheveningen%2C_Bestanddeelnr_932-1798.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="966"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Günter Grass - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Grass"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=G%C3%BCnter_Grass&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Grass"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Günter_Grass rootpage-Günter_Grass skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages"><span>Special pages</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=G%C3%BCnter+Grass" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=G%C3%BCnter+Grass" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=G%C3%BCnter+Grass" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=G%C3%BCnter+Grass" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Early_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Early life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Major_works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Major_works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Major works</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Major_works-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Major works subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Major_works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Danzig_Trilogy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Danzig_Trilogy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Danzig Trilogy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Danzig_Trilogy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Flounder" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Flounder"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span><i>The Flounder</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Flounder-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-My_Century_and_Crabwalk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#My_Century_and_Crabwalk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span><i>My Century</i> and <i>Crabwalk</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-My_Century_and_Crabwalk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Memoir_trilogy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Memoir_trilogy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Memoir trilogy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Memoir_trilogy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Main_themes_and_literary_style" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Main_themes_and_literary_style"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Main themes and literary style</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Main_themes_and_literary_style-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reception_by_critics_and_colleagues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reception_by_critics_and_colleagues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Reception by critics and colleagues</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reception_by_critics_and_colleagues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Social_and_political_activism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Social_and_political_activism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Social and political activism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Social_and_political_activism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards_and_honours" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards_and_honours"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Awards and honours</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards_and_honours-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Waffen-SS_revelations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Waffen-SS_revelations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span><i>Waffen-SS</i> revelations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Waffen-SS_revelations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Personal life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reviews" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reviews"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Reviews</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reviews-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Günter Grass</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 111 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-111" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">111 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Grass" title="Günter Grass – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Günter Grass" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Grass" title="Günter Grass – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Günter Grass" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B1_%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="غونتر غراس – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="غونتر غراس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Grass" title="Günter Grass – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Günter Grass" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Grass" title="Günter Grass – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Günter Grass" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Grass" title="Günter Grass – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Günter Grass" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Grass" title="Günter Grass – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Günter Grass" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Qrass" title="Günter Qrass – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Günter Qrass" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B1_%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="قونتر قراس – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="قونتر قراس" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8" title="গুন্টার গ্রাস – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="গুন্টার গ্রাস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%8E%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Гюнтэр Грас – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Гюнтэр Грас" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%8E%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Гюнтэр Грас – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Гюнтэр Грас" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8" title="ग्युंटर ग्रास – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="ग्युंटर ग्रास" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%8E%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Гюнтер Грас – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Гюнтер Грас" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Grass" title="Günter Grass – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Günter Grass" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Grass" title="Günter Grass – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Günter Grass" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Grass" title="Günter Grass – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Günter Grass" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Grass" title="Günter Grass – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Günter Grass" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Grass" title="Günter Grass – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Günter Grass" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Grass" title="Günter Grass – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Günter Grass" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Grass" title="Günter Grass – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Günter Grass" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Grass" title="Günter Grass – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Günter Grass" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Grass" title="Günter Grass – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Günter Grass" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%BA%CF%8D%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%81_%CE%93%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Γκύντερ Γκρας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γκύντερ Γκρας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Grass" title="Günter Grass – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Günter Grass" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Grass" title="Günter Grass – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Günter Grass" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Grass" title="Günter Grass – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Günter Grass" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B1_%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="گونتر گراس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گونتر گراس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Grass" title="Günter Grass – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Günter Grass" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Grass" title="Günter Grass – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Günter Grass" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Grass" title="Günter Grass – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Günter Grass" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Grass" title="Günter Grass – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Günter Grass" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Grass" title="Günter Grass – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Günter Grass" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%97%E0%AB%81%E0%AA%82%E0%AA%9F%E0%AA%B0_%E0%AA%97%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B8" title="ગુંટર ગ્રાસ – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ગુંટર ગ્રાસ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Grass" title="Günter Grass – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Günter Grass" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B7%84%ED%84%B0_%EA%B7%B8%EB%9D%BC%EC%8A%A4" title="귄터 그라스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="귄터 그라스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%BF%D5%A5%D6%80_%D4%B3%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%BD" title="Գյունտեր Գրաս – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գյունտեր Գրաս" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8" title="गुण्टर ग्रास – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="गुण्टर ग्रास" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Grass" title="Günter Grass – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Günter Grass" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Grass" title="Günter Grass – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Günter Grass" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Grass" title="Günter Grass – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Günter Grass" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Grass" title="Günter Grass – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Günter Grass" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Grass" title="Günter Grass – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Günter Grass" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Grass" title="Günter Grass – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Günter Grass" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Grass" title="Günter Grass – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Günter Grass" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%A8_%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A1" title="גינטר גראס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גינטר גראס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Grass" title="Günter Grass – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Günter Grass" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಗುಂಟರ್ ಗ್ರಾಸ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಗುಂಟರ್ ಗ್ರಾಸ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Grass" title="Günter Grass – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Günter Grass" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0_%E1%83%92%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="გიუნტერ გრასი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="გიუნტერ გრასი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Grass" title="Günter Grass – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Günter Grass" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%8E%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81" title="Гюнтер Грасс – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Гюнтер Грасс" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Grass" title="Günter Grass – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Günter Grass" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Grass" title="Günter Grass – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Günter Grass" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Grass" title="Günter Grass – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Günter Grass" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81,_%D0%93%D3%B1%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Грасс, Гӱнтер – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Грасс, Гӱнтер" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guntherus_Grass" title="Guntherus Grass – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Guntherus Grass" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginters_Grass" title="Ginters Grass – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ginters Grass" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Grass" title="Günter Grass – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Günter Grass" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Grass" title="Günter Grass – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Günter Grass" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Grass" title="Günter Grass – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Günter Grass" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Гинтер Грас – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Гинтер Грас" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%BC_%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="ഗുന്തർ ഗ്രാസ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഗുന്തർ ഗ്രാസ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8" title="ग्युंटर ग्रास – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="ग्युंटर ग्रास" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0_%E1%83%92%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="გიუნტერ გრასი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="გიუნტერ გრასი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B1_%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="جونتر جراس – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جونتر جراس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B1_%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="گونتر گراس – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="گونتر گراس" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Grass" title="Günter Grass – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Günter Grass" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Grass" title="Günter Grass – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Günter Grass" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Grass" title="Günter Grass – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Günter Grass" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AE%E3%83%A5%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B0%E3%83%A9%E3%82%B9" title="ギュンター・グラス – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ギュンター・グラス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Grass" title="Günter Grass – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Günter Grass" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Grass" title="Günter Grass – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Günter Grass" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Grass" title="Günter Grass – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Günter Grass" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Grass" title="Günter Grass – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Günter Grass" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%97%E0%A9%81%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8" title="ਗੁੰਟਰ ਗਰਾਸ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਗੁੰਟਰ ਗਰਾਸ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%86%D9%B9%D8%B1_%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="گنٹر گراس – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="گنٹر گراس" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AB%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B1_%DA%AB%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="ګونتر ګراس – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ګونتر ګراس" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Grass" title="Günter Grass – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Günter Grass" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Grass" title="Günter Grass – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Günter Grass" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Grass" title="Günter Grass – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Günter Grass" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Grass" title="Günter Grass – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Günter Grass" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Grass" title="Günter Grass – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Günter Grass" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Grass" title="Günter Grass – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Günter Grass" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81,_%D0%93%D1%8E%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Грасс, Гюнтер – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Грасс, Гюнтер" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8" title="गुंटर ग्रास – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="गुंटर ग्रास" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Grass" title="Günter Grass – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Günter Grass" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Grass" title="Günter Grass – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Günter Grass" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Grass" title="Günter Grass – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Günter Grass" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Grass" title="Günter Grass – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Günter Grass" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Grass" title="Günter Grass – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Günter Grass" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%95%D8%B1_%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="گوینتەر گراس – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="گوینتەر گراس" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Гинтер Грас – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Гинтер Грас" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Grass" title="Günter Grass – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Günter Grass" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Grass" title="Günter Grass – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Günter Grass" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Grass" title="Günter Grass – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Günter Grass" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81" title="கூன்டர் கிராசு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கூன்டர் கிராசு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D2%AF%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81" title="Гүнтер Грасс – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Гүнтер Грасс" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D" title="గుంటర్ గ్రాస్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="గుంటర్ గ్రాస్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B6%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C_%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA" title="กึนเทอร์ กรัส – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กึนเทอร์ กรัส" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%8E%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81" title="Гюнтер Грасс – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Гюнтер Грасс" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Grass" title="Günter Grass – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Günter Grass" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%8E%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81" title="Гюнтер Грасс – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гюнтер Грасс" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%86%D8%AA%DA%BE%D8%B1_%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="گنتھر گراس – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="گنتھر گراس" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Grass" title="Günter Grass – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Günter Grass" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Grass" title="Günter Grass – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Günter Grass" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%90%9B%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E6%A0%BC%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF" title="君特·格拉斯 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="君特·格拉斯" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Grass" title="Günter Grass – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Günter Grass" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B6%93%E4%BB%96%E5%90%89%E5%89%8C%E6%96%AF" title="涓他吉剌斯 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="涓他吉剌斯" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Grass" title="Günter Grass – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Günter Grass" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%90%9B%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E6%A0%BC%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF" title="君特·格拉斯 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="君特·格拉斯" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q6538#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Grass" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:G%C3%BCnter_Grass" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Grass"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=G%C3%BCnter_Grass&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=G%C3%BCnter_Grass&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Grass"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=G%C3%BCnter_Grass&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=G%C3%BCnter_Grass&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/G%C3%BCnter_Grass" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/G%C3%BCnter_Grass" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=G%C3%BCnter_Grass&oldid=1276023121" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=G%C3%BCnter_Grass&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=G%C3%BCnter_Grass&id=1276023121&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FG%25C3%25BCnter_Grass"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FG%25C3%25BCnter_Grass"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=G%C3%BCnter_Grass&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=G%C3%BCnter_Grass&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Grass" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Grass" hreflang="en"><span>Wikiquote</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q6538" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">German author, visual artist and sculptor (1927–2015)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div style="display:inline;" class="fn">Günter Grass</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Europese_conferentie_van_schrijvers_Haagse_Treffen_in_Kurhaus_te_Scheveningen,_Bestanddeelnr_932-1798.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Grass in 1982"><img alt="Grass in 1982" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Europese_conferentie_van_schrijvers_Haagse_Treffen_in_Kurhaus_te_Scheveningen%2C_Bestanddeelnr_932-1798.jpg/220px-Europese_conferentie_van_schrijvers_Haagse_Treffen_in_Kurhaus_te_Scheveningen%2C_Bestanddeelnr_932-1798.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="332" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Europese_conferentie_van_schrijvers_Haagse_Treffen_in_Kurhaus_te_Scheveningen%2C_Bestanddeelnr_932-1798.jpg/330px-Europese_conferentie_van_schrijvers_Haagse_Treffen_in_Kurhaus_te_Scheveningen%2C_Bestanddeelnr_932-1798.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Europese_conferentie_van_schrijvers_Haagse_Treffen_in_Kurhaus_te_Scheveningen%2C_Bestanddeelnr_932-1798.jpg/440px-Europese_conferentie_van_schrijvers_Haagse_Treffen_in_Kurhaus_te_Scheveningen%2C_Bestanddeelnr_932-1798.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2438" data-file-height="3680" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:1.4em;">Grass in 1982</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Born</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">Günter Wilhelm Grass<br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1927-10-16</span>)</span>16 October 1927<br /><a href="/wiki/Danzig-Langfuhr" class="mw-redirect" title="Danzig-Langfuhr">Danzig-Langfuhr</a>, <span class="avoidwrap" style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Free_City_of_Danzig" title="Free City of Danzig">Free City of Danzig</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Died</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">13 April 2015<span style="display:none">(2015-04-13)</span> (aged 87)<br /><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCbeck" title="Lübeck">Lübeck</a>, Germany</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role" style="line-height:1.4em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"> <ul><li>Novelist</li> <li>poet</li> <li>playwright</li> <li>sculptor</li> <li>graphic designer</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Language</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">German</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Period</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">1956–2013</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Literary movement</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Vergangenheitsbew%C3%A4ltigung" title="Vergangenheitsbewältigung">Vergangenheitsbewältigung</a></i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Notable works</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Tin_Drum" title="The Tin Drum">The Tin Drum</a></i> (1959)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cat_and_Mouse_(novella)" title="Cat and Mouse (novella)">Cat and Mouse</a></i> (1961)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dog_Years_(novel)" title="Dog Years (novel)">Dog Years</a></i> (1963)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Crabwalk" title="Crabwalk">Crabwalk</a></i> (2002)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Notable awards</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist" style="margin-left:1em;text-indent:-1em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Georg_B%C3%BCchner_Prize" title="Georg Büchner Prize">Georg Büchner Prize</a> <br /> 1965 <br /></li> <li>Honorary Fellow of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society_of_Literature" title="Royal Society of Literature">Royal Society of Literature</a> <br /> 1993 <br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Nobel Prize in Literature</a> <br /> 1999 <br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_of_Asturias_Award_for_Literature" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince of Asturias Award for Literature">Prince of Asturias Award for Literature</a> <br /> 1999 <br /></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Anna Margareta Schwarz</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1954; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1978)<wbr /></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Ute Grunert<br /></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1979)<wbr /></div> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Signature</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><span class="skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:G%C3%BCnter_Grass_signature_new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/G%C3%BCnter_Grass_signature_new.svg/150px-G%C3%BCnter_Grass_signature_new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/G%C3%BCnter_Grass_signature_new.svg/225px-G%C3%BCnter_Grass_signature_new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/G%C3%BCnter_Grass_signature_new.svg/300px-G%C3%BCnter_Grass_signature_new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Günter Wilhelm Grass</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">German:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="de-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Standard_German" title="Help:IPA/Standard German">[ˈɡʏntɐ<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈɡʁas]</a></span> <span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/1\/1e\/De-G%C3%BCnter_Grass.ogg\/De-G%C3%BCnter_Grass.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"De-G\u00fcnter Grass.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1e/De-G%C3%BCnter_Grass.ogg/De-G%C3%BCnter_Grass.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:De-G%C3%BCnter_Grass.ogg" title="File:De-Günter Grass.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span>;<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-birthname_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-birthname-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 16 October 1927 – 13 April 2015) was a German novelist, poet, playwright, illustrator, graphic artist, sculptor, and recipient of the <a href="/wiki/1999_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1999 Nobel Prize in Literature">1999 Nobel Prize in Literature</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He was born in the <a href="/wiki/Free_City_of_Danzig" title="Free City of Danzig">Free City of Danzig</a> (now <a href="/wiki/Gda%C5%84sk" title="Gdańsk">Gdańsk</a>, Poland). At age 17, he was <a href="/wiki/Conscription" title="Conscription">drafted</a> into the military and served from late 1944 in the <i><a href="/wiki/Waffen-SS" title="Waffen-SS">Waffen-SS</a>.</i> He was taken as a <a href="/wiki/Prisoner_of_war" title="Prisoner of war">prisoner of war</a> by US forces at the end of the war in May 1945. He was released in April 1946. Trained as a stonemason and sculptor, Grass began writing in the 1950s. In his fiction, he frequently returned to the Danzig of his childhood. </p><p>Grass is best known for his first novel, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Tin_Drum" title="The Tin Drum">The Tin Drum</a></i> (1959), a key text in European <a href="/wiki/Magic_realism" class="mw-redirect" title="Magic realism">magic realism</a>. It was the first book of his <a href="/wiki/Danzig_Trilogy" title="Danzig Trilogy">Danzig Trilogy</a>, the other two being <i><a href="/wiki/Cat_and_Mouse_(novella)" title="Cat and Mouse (novella)">Cat and Mouse</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Dog_Years_(novel)" title="Dog Years (novel)">Dog Years</a></i>. His works are frequently considered to have a <a href="/wiki/Left-wing" class="mw-redirect" title="Left-wing">left-wing</a> political dimension, and Grass was an active supporter of the <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="Social Democratic Party of Germany">Social Democratic Party of Germany</a> (SPD). </p><p><i>The Tin Drum</i> was adapted as a <a href="/wiki/The_Tin_Drum_(film)" title="The Tin Drum (film)">film of the same name</a>, which won both the 1979 <a href="/wiki/Palme_d%27Or" title="Palme d'Or">Palme d'Or</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_International_Feature_Film" title="Academy Award for Best International Feature Film">Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film</a>. In 1999, the <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Academy" title="Swedish Academy">Swedish Academy</a> awarded Grass the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Nobel Prize in Literature</a>, praising him as a writer "whose frolicsome black fables portray the forgotten face of history".<sup id="cite_ref-nobelweb_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nobelweb-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=G%C3%BCnter_Grass&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Grass was born in the <a href="/wiki/Free_City_of_Danzig" title="Free City of Danzig">Free City of Danzig</a> on 16 October 1927, to Wilhelm Grass (1899–1979), a <a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutheran</a> <a href="/wiki/Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant">Protestant</a> of German origin, and Helene Grass (<i>née</i> Knoff, 1898–1954), a <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a> of <a href="/wiki/Kashubians" title="Kashubians">Kashubian</a>-<a href="/wiki/Polish_people" title="Polish people">Polish</a> origin.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He identified as <a href="/wiki/Kashubians" title="Kashubians">Kashubian</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ethnDEbook_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ethnDEbook-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Grass was raised a Catholic and served as an altar boy when he was a child.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His parents had a grocery store with an attached apartment in Danzig-Langfuhr (now Gdańsk-<a href="/wiki/Wrzeszcz" title="Wrzeszcz">Wrzeszcz</a>). He had a younger sister, Waltraud, born in 1930.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:G%C3%BCnter_Grass_pre-war_house_in_Gda%C5%84sk_during_a_small_snowstorm.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/G%C3%BCnter_Grass_pre-war_house_in_Gda%C5%84sk_during_a_small_snowstorm.jpg/170px-G%C3%BCnter_Grass_pre-war_house_in_Gda%C5%84sk_during_a_small_snowstorm.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="304" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/G%C3%BCnter_Grass_pre-war_house_in_Gda%C5%84sk_during_a_small_snowstorm.jpg/255px-G%C3%BCnter_Grass_pre-war_house_in_Gda%C5%84sk_during_a_small_snowstorm.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/G%C3%BCnter_Grass_pre-war_house_in_Gda%C5%84sk_during_a_small_snowstorm.jpg/340px-G%C3%BCnter_Grass_pre-war_house_in_Gda%C5%84sk_during_a_small_snowstorm.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1310" data-file-height="2342" /></a><figcaption>Grass's childhood home in Danzig (now <a href="/wiki/Gda%C5%84sk" title="Gdańsk">Gdańsk</a>, Poland) in 2010</figcaption></figure> <p>Grass attended the Danzig <a href="/wiki/Gymnasium_(school)" title="Gymnasium (school)">gymnasium</a> <i>Conradinum</i>. In 1943, at age 16, he became a <i><a href="/wiki/Luftwaffenhelfer" title="Luftwaffenhelfer">Luftwaffenhelfer</a></i> (Air Force "helper"). Soon thereafter, he was conscripted into the <i><a href="/wiki/Reich_Labour_Service" title="Reich Labour Service">Reichsarbeitsdienst</a></i> (Reich Labour Service). In November 1944, shortly after his 17th birthday, Grass volunteered for <a href="/wiki/Submarine" title="Submarine">submarine</a> service with <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Kriegsmarine" title="Kriegsmarine">Kriegsmarine</a></i>, "to get out of the confinement felt as a teenager in his parents' house", which he considered stuffy Catholic lower middle-class.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the Navy refused him, he was called up for the <a href="/wiki/10th_SS_Panzer_Division_Frundsberg" title="10th SS Panzer Division Frundsberg">10th SS Panzer Division Frundsberg</a> in late 1944.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Grass did not reveal until 2006 that he was drafted into the <i><a href="/wiki/Waffen-SS" title="Waffen-SS">Waffen-SS</a></i> at that time.<sup id="cite_ref-Feuilleton_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Feuilleton-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His unit functioned as a regular <i>Panzer</i> Division, and he served with them from February 1945 until he was wounded on 20 April 1945. He was captured in <a href="/wiki/Mari%C3%A1nsk%C3%A9_L%C3%A1zn%C4%9B" title="Mariánské Lázně">Marienbad</a> (now Mariánské Lázně, Czech Republic) and sent to a US <a href="/wiki/Prisoner-of-war_camp" title="Prisoner-of-war camp">prisoner-of-war camp</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bad_Aibling" title="Bad Aibling">Bad Aibling</a>, Bavaria.<sup id="cite_ref-Chronology_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chronology-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From 1946 to 1947, Grass worked in a <a href="/wiki/Mining" title="Mining">mine</a> and received training in <a href="/wiki/Stonemasonry" title="Stonemasonry">stonemasonry</a>. He studied sculpture and graphics at the <i><a href="/wiki/Kunstakademie_D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Kunstakademie Düsseldorf">Kunstakademie Düsseldorf</a></i>. He also was a cofounder of <a href="/wiki/Group_47" title="Group 47">Group 47</a>, organized by <a href="/wiki/Hans_Werner_Richter" title="Hans Werner Richter">Hans Werner Richter</a>. Grass worked as a writer, <a href="/wiki/Graphic_designer" title="Graphic designer">graphic designer</a>, and sculptor, traveling frequently. </p><p>In 1953 he moved to West Berlin and studied at the <a href="/wiki/Berlin_University_of_the_Arts" title="Berlin University of the Arts">Berlin University of the Arts</a>. From 1960, he lived in Berlin as well as part-time in <a href="/wiki/Schleswig-Holstein" title="Schleswig-Holstein">Schleswig-Holstein</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1961 he publicly objected to the erection of the <a href="/wiki/Berlin_Wall" title="Berlin Wall">Berlin Wall</a>. </p><p>From 1983 to 1986, he held the presidency of the <a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Arts,_Berlin" title="Academy of Arts, Berlin">Academy of Arts, Berlin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Chronology_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chronology-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Major_works">Major works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=G%C3%BCnter_Grass&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Major works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Danzig_Trilogy">Danzig Trilogy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=G%C3%BCnter_Grass&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Danzig Trilogy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Danzig_Trilogy" title="Danzig Trilogy">Danzig Trilogy</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Danzig_Partie_am_Krahnthor_(1890-1900).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Danzig_Partie_am_Krahnthor_%281890-1900%29.jpg/310px-Danzig_Partie_am_Krahnthor_%281890-1900%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="310" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Danzig_Partie_am_Krahnthor_%281890-1900%29.jpg/465px-Danzig_Partie_am_Krahnthor_%281890-1900%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Danzig_Partie_am_Krahnthor_%281890-1900%29.jpg/620px-Danzig_Partie_am_Krahnthor_%281890-1900%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3527" data-file-height="2507" /></a><figcaption>Danzig Krantor waterfront (postcard, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1900</span>)</figcaption></figure> <p>Grass's best-known work is <i><a href="/wiki/The_Tin_Drum" title="The Tin Drum">The Tin Drum</a></i> (<i>Die Blechtrommel</i>), published in 1959 (and adapted as <a href="/wiki/The_Tin_Drum_(film)" title="The Tin Drum (film)">a film of the same name</a> by director <a href="/wiki/Volker_Schl%C3%B6ndorff" title="Volker Schlöndorff">Volker Schlöndorff</a> in 1979). It was followed in 1961 by <i><a href="/wiki/Cat_and_Mouse_(novella)" title="Cat and Mouse (novella)">Cat and Mouse</a></i> (<i>Katz und Maus</i>), a novella, and in 1963 by the novel <i><a href="/wiki/Dog_Years_(novel)" title="Dog Years (novel)">Dog Years</a></i> (<i>Hundejahre</i>). </p><p>The books are collectively called the <a href="/wiki/Danzig_Trilogy" title="Danzig Trilogy">Danzig Trilogy</a> and focus on the rise of <a href="/wiki/Nazism" title="Nazism">Nazism</a> and how <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> affected Danzig (now Gdańsk, Poland). It had been separated from Germany after World War I and was designated as the <a href="/wiki/Free_City_of_Danzig" title="Free City of Danzig">Free City of Danzig</a> (<i>Freie Stadt Danzig</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Dog_Years_(novel)" title="Dog Years (novel)"><i>Dog Years</i></a> (1965) is considered a sequel of sorts to <i>The Tin Drum</i>, as it features some of the same characters.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It portrays the area's mixed ethnicities and complex historical background in lyrical prose that is highly evocative.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>The Tin Drum</i> established Grass as one of the leading authors of Germany. It set a high bar of comparison for all of his subsequent works, which critics often compared unfavorably to this early work.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMews2008[[passim]]_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMews2008[[passim]]-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In West Germany of the late 1950s and early '60s, the book was controversial. The city of <a href="/wiki/Bremen" title="Bremen">Bremen</a> revoked a prize it bestowed on Grass because of what its leaders considered the "immorality" of his debut novel.<sup id="cite_ref-Chronology_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chronology-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When Grass received the Nobel Prize in literature in 1999, the Nobel Committee stated that the publication of <i>The Tin Drum</i> "was as if German literature had been granted a new beginning after decades of linguistic and moral destruction".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMews20081_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMews20081-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Flounder"><i>The Flounder</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=G%C3%BCnter_Grass&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: The Flounder"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The 1977 novel <i><a href="/wiki/The_Flounder" title="The Flounder">The Flounder</a></i> (<i>Der Butt</i>) is based on the folktale of "<a href="/wiki/The_Fisherman_and_His_Wife" title="The Fisherman and His Wife">The Fisherman and His Wife</a>", and deals with the struggle between the sexes. It has been read as an anti-feminist novel. In the novel the magical flounder of the folk tale represents male triumphalism and the patriarchy. It is caught by a group of 1970s feminists, who put it on trial. The book interrogates male-female relations from the past and the present through the relationship between the narrator and his wife who, like the wife in the folk tale, insatiably craves more.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although the book could be read as a defense of women and a denunciation of male chauvinism, it was largely harshly critiqued and rejected by feminists. They rejected its portrayal of violence, sexualization and objectification, and what they perceived as <a href="/wiki/Sex_differences_in_narcissism" title="Sex differences in narcissism">male narcissism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gender_essentialism" title="Gender essentialism">gender essentialism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="My_Century_and_Crabwalk"><i>My Century</i> and <i>Crabwalk</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=G%C3%BCnter_Grass&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: My Century and Crabwalk"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <i><a href="/wiki/My_Century" title="My Century">My Century</a></i> (<i>Mein Jahrhundert</i>, 1999) Grass covered many of the 20th-century's brutal historic events, conveyed in short pieces of a few pages by year, forming a mosaic of expression. </p><p>In 2002, Grass returned to the forefront of world literature with <i><a href="/wiki/Crabwalk" title="Crabwalk">Crabwalk</a></i> (<i>Im Krebsgang</i>). This novella, one of whose main characters first appeared in <i>Cat and Mouse</i>, was Grass's most successful work in decades. It dealt with the events of a refugee ship, full of thousands of Germans, being sunk by a Soviet Russian submarine, killing most on board. It was one of a number of works since the late 20th century that have explored the victimization of Germans in World War II.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Memoir_trilogy">Memoir trilogy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=G%C3%BCnter_Grass&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Memoir trilogy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2006, Grass published the first volume in a trilogy of autobiographic memoirs. Titled <i><a href="/wiki/Peeling_the_Onion" title="Peeling the Onion">Peeling the Onion</a></i> (<i>Beim Häuten der Zwiebel</i>), it dealt with his childhood, war years, early efforts as a sculptor and poet, and finally his literary success with the publication of <i>The Tin Drum</i>. In a pre-publication interview, Grass revealed for the first time that he had been a member of the <a href="/wiki/Waffen-SS" title="Waffen-SS">Waffen-SS</a>, and not only served as a <i>Flakhelfer</i> (anti-aircraft assistant), as he had long claimed. On being asked about his decision to make a public confession, he answered: "It was a weight on me, my silence over all these years is one of the reasons I wrote the book. It had to come out in the end."<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In response to the interview and the book, many critics accused him of hypocrisy for having hidden this part of his past, while simultaneously being a strong voice for ethics and morality in the public debate.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The book was praised for its depictions of <a href="/wiki/History_of_Germany_(1945%E2%80%931990)" title="History of Germany (1945–1990)">the German postwar generation</a>, and the social and moral development of a nation burdened simultaneously by destruction and a deep sense of guilt.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Throughout the memoir, Grass plays with the frailty of memory, for which the layers of the onion are a metaphor. Grass second-guesses his own memories, throws his own autobiographical statements into doubt, and questions whether the person inhabiting his past was really him. This struggle with memory comes to represent the struggle of the German people during the same period with Germany's Nazi past.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He published the second volume of the trilogy, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Box_(Grass_book)" title="The Box (Grass book)">The Box</a></i> (German: <i>Die Box</i>) in 2008; and the third, <i>Grimms Wörter</i> (<i>Grimm's Words</i>), the title referring to the <a href="/wiki/Brothers_Grimm" title="Brothers Grimm">Brothers Grimm</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Deutsches_W%C3%B6rterbuch" title="Deutsches Wörterbuch">Deutsches Wörterbuch</a></i> (<i>German Dictionary</i>), in 2010. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Main_themes_and_literary_style">Main themes and literary style</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=G%C3%BCnter_Grass&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Main themes and literary style"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Grass's work is centered on World War II and its effects on Germany and the German people. He critiques the forms of ideological reasoning that undergirded the Nazi regime. He uses the location of the city of Danzig/Gdańsk and its ambiguous historical status between Germany and Poland to stand as a symbol of the ambiguity between and among ethnic groups. Grass's ancestry includes both German and Slavic family members, some of whom fought on opposite sides of the war. His works also show a sustained concern for the marginal and marginalized subjects, such as Oskar Matzerath, the dwarf in <i>The Tin Drum</i>, whose body was considered an aberration unworthy of life in the Nazi ideology, or the <a href="/wiki/Romani_people" title="Romani people">Roma</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sinti" title="Sinti">Sinti</a> people deemed impure and unworthy by the Nazis and subjected to eugenics and genocide, as were the Jews.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Grass's literary style combines elements of <a href="/wiki/Magic_realism" class="mw-redirect" title="Magic realism">magic realism</a> with a penchant for questioning. He complicates questions of authorship by intermingling realistic autobiographical elements with <a href="/wiki/Unreliable_narrator" title="Unreliable narrator">unreliable narrators</a> and fantastic events or happenings that create irony or satirize events to form social critiques.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reception_by_critics_and_colleagues">Reception by critics and colleagues</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=G%C3%BCnter_Grass&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Reception by critics and colleagues"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Grass's work has tended to divide the critics into those who have considered his experiments and style to be sublime and those who have found it to be tied down by his political posturing. American critics, such as <a href="/wiki/John_Updike" title="John Updike">John Updike</a>, have found the mixture of politics and social critique in his works to diminish its artistic qualities.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMews2008[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_May_2021]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(May_2021)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMews2008[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_May_2021]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(May_2021)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In his various critiques of Grass's works, Updike wrote that Grass had been consumed by his "strenuous career as celebrity-author-artist-Socialist" and said about one of his later novels that "he can't be bothered to write a novel; he just sends dispatches ... from the front lines of his engagement". Even if frequently critical of Grass, Updike considered him to be "one of the very, very few authors whose next novel one has no intention of missing".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMews2008107,_146,_195_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMews2008107,_146,_195-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Grass's literary style has been widely influential. <a href="/wiki/John_Irving" title="John Irving">John Irving</a> called Grass "simply the most original and versatile writer alive". According to Mews, critics have noted parallels between Irving's <i><a href="/wiki/A_Prayer_for_Owen_Meany" title="A Prayer for Owen Meany">A Prayer for Owen Meany</a></i> (1989) and <i>The Tin Drum</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMews200853_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMews200853-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similarly, <a href="/wiki/Salman_Rushdie" title="Salman Rushdie">Salman Rushdie</a> has acknowledged a debt to Grass's work, particularly <i>The Tin Drum</i>; in addition, Mews has said parallels to Grass's work have been pointed out in Rushdie's own oeuvre.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMews200855_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMews200855-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Social_and_political_activism">Social and political activism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=G%C3%BCnter_Grass&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Social and political activism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:G%C3%BCnter_Grass_(1986)_by_Erling_Mandelmann.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c8/G%C3%BCnter_Grass_%281986%29_by_Erling_Mandelmann.jpg" decoding="async" width="202" height="300" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="202" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption>Grass in 1986</figcaption></figure> <p>Grass was for several decades a supporter of the <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="Social Democratic Party of Germany">Social Democratic Party of Germany</a> and its policies. He took part in German and international political debate on several occasions. During <a href="/wiki/Willy_Brandt" title="Willy Brandt">Willy Brandt</a>'s chancellorship, Grass was an active supporter. Grass criticized left-wing radicals and instead argued in favor of the "snail's pace", as he put it, of <a href="/wiki/Reformism" title="Reformism">democratic reform</a> (<i>Aus dem Tagebuch einer Schnecke</i>, literally "from the diary of a snail"). Books containing his speeches and essays have been published throughout his literary career.<sup id="cite_ref-Chronology_20-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chronology-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 1980s, Grass became active in the <a href="/wiki/Peace_movement" title="Peace movement">peace movement</a> and visited <a href="/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata">Calcutta</a> for six months.<sup id="cite_ref-Chronology_20-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chronology-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A diary with drawings was published as <i>Zunge zeigen</i>, an allusion to <a href="/wiki/Kali" title="Kali">Kali</a>'s tongue. </p><p>During the events leading up to the <a href="/wiki/German_reunification" title="German reunification">reunification of Germany</a> in 1989–90, Grass argued for the continued separation of the two German states. He asserted that a unified Germany would be likely to resume its role as belligerent nation-state. This argument estranged many Germans, who came to see him as too much of a moralizing figure.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_30-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2001, Grass proposed the creation of a German-Polish museum for art lost to other countries during the War. The <a href="/wiki/Hague_Conventions_of_1899_and_1907" title="Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907">Hague Convention of 1907</a> requires the return of art that had been evacuated, stolen or seized. Some countries refused to repatriate some of the <a href="/wiki/Looted_art" title="Looted art">looted art</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:G%C3%BCnter_Grass_auf_dem_Blauen_Sofa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/G%C3%BCnter_Grass_auf_dem_Blauen_Sofa.jpg/200px-G%C3%BCnter_Grass_auf_dem_Blauen_Sofa.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/G%C3%BCnter_Grass_auf_dem_Blauen_Sofa.jpg/300px-G%C3%BCnter_Grass_auf_dem_Blauen_Sofa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/G%C3%BCnter_Grass_auf_dem_Blauen_Sofa.jpg/400px-G%C3%BCnter_Grass_auf_dem_Blauen_Sofa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="534" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Grass in 2006</figcaption></figure> <p>On 4 April 2012, Grass's poem "<a href="/wiki/What_Must_Be_Said" title="What Must Be Said">What Must Be Said</a>" (<i>Was gesagt werden muss</i>) was published in several European newspapers. Grass expressed his concern about the hypocrisy of German military support (the delivery of a submarine) of <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>, which might use such equipment to launch nuclear warheads against <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>, which "could wipe out the <a href="/wiki/Iranian_peoples" title="Iranian peoples">Iranian people</a>". And he hoped that many would demand "that the governments of both Iran and Israel allow an international authority free and open inspection of the nuclear potential and capability of both." In response, Israel declared him <i><a href="/wiki/Persona_non_grata" title="Persona non grata">persona non grata</a></i> in that country.<sup id="cite_ref-haaretz_persona_non_grata_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-haaretz_persona_non_grata-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to <a href="/wiki/Avi_Primor" title="Avi Primor">Avi Primor</a>, president of the <a href="/wiki/Israel_Council_on_Foreign_Relations" title="Israel Council on Foreign Relations">Israel Council on Foreign Relations</a>, Grass was the only important German cultural figure who had refused to meet with him when he served as <a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_Israel_to_Germany" title="List of ambassadors of Israel to Germany">Israeli ambassador to Germany</a>. Primor noted: "One explanation for [Grass']s strange behavior might be found in the fact that Grass (who despite his poem is probably not the bitter enemy of Israel that one would imagine) had certain personal difficulties with Israel that were not necessarily of his own making." Primor said that during Grass's earlier visit to Israel, he </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>"was confronted with the anger of an Israeli public that booed him in successive public appearances. To be sure, the Israeli protestors were not targeting Grass personally and their anger had nothing at all to do with his literature. It was the German effort to establish cultural relations with Israel to which they objected. Grass, however, did not see it that way and may well have felt personally slighted."<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Grass supported the <a href="/wiki/Campaign_for_the_Establishment_of_a_United_Nations_Parliamentary_Assembly" title="Campaign for the Establishment of a United Nations Parliamentary Assembly">Campaign for the Establishment of a United Nations Parliamentary Assembly</a>, an organization that campaigns for democratic reform of the United Nations, and the creation of a more accountable international political system.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 26 April 2012, Grass wrote a poem criticizing European policy in the treatment of Greece in the <a href="/wiki/European_debt_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="European debt crisis">European debt crisis</a>. In "Europe's Disgrace", Grass accuses Europe of condemning Greece to poverty, a country "whose mind conceived Europe".<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Just a few days before he died, Grass completed his last book, <i>Vonne Endlichkait</i>. The title is in <a href="/wiki/East_Prussia" title="East Prussia">East Prussian</a> dialect, the native dialect of Grass, and means "About Finitude". According to his publisher Gerhard Steidl, the book was "a literary experiment", combining short prose texts, poems, and pencil drawings by the writer.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The book was published in August 2015. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards_and_honours">Awards and honours</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=G%C3%BCnter_Grass&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Awards and honours"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:G%C3%BCnter_Grass_and_Willy_Brandt.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/G%C3%BCnter_Grass_and_Willy_Brandt.jpg/260px-G%C3%BCnter_Grass_and_Willy_Brandt.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/G%C3%BCnter_Grass_and_Willy_Brandt.jpg/390px-G%C3%BCnter_Grass_and_Willy_Brandt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/G%C3%BCnter_Grass_and_Willy_Brandt.jpg/520px-G%C3%BCnter_Grass_and_Willy_Brandt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2087" data-file-height="1471" /></a><figcaption>Grass with the West German Chancellor <a href="/wiki/Willy_Brandt" title="Willy Brandt">Willy Brandt</a>, 1972</figcaption></figure> <p>Grass received dozens of international awards; in 1999, he was awarded the highest literary honour: the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Nobel Prize in Literature</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Academy" title="Swedish Academy">Swedish Academy</a> noted him as a writer "whose frolicsome black fables portray the forgotten face of history".<sup id="cite_ref-nobelweb_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nobelweb-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His literature is commonly categorized as part of the German artistic movement known as <i><a href="/wiki/Vergangenheitsbew%C3%A4ltigung" title="Vergangenheitsbewältigung">Vergangenheitsbewältigung</a></i>, roughly translated as "coming to terms with the past." </p><p>In 1965, Grass received the <a href="/wiki/Georg_B%C3%BCchner_Prize" title="Georg Büchner Prize">Georg Büchner Prize</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in 1993 he was elected an Honorary Fellow of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society_of_Literature" title="Royal Society of Literature">Royal Society of Literature</a><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1995, he received the <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Kesten_Prize" title="Hermann Kesten Prize">Hermann Kesten Prize</a>. </p><p>Representatives of the city of <a href="/wiki/Bremen" title="Bremen">Bremen</a> joined to establish the Günter Grass Foundation with the aim of establishing a centralized collection of his numerous works, especially his many personal readings, videos and films. The Günter Grass House in <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCbeck" title="Lübeck">Lübeck</a> houses exhibitions of his drawings and sculptures, and an archive and a library.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1992, he received the Hidalgo Prize, awarded by the National Association of Spain <i>"Presencia Gitana"</i>, in recognition of his defense of the <a href="/wiki/Romani_people" title="Romani people">Romani People</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2012, Grass received the European of the Year award from the European Movement Denmark (<a href="/wiki/Europabevegelsen" class="mw-redirect" title="Europabevegelsen">Europabevægelsen</a>), honoring his political debates in European affairs.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Waffen-SS_revelations"><i>Waffen-SS</i> revelations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=G%C3%BCnter_Grass&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Waffen-SS revelations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:G%C3%BCnter_Grass_POW_record.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/G%C3%BCnter_Grass_POW_record.jpg/220px-G%C3%BCnter_Grass_POW_record.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/G%C3%BCnter_Grass_POW_record.jpg/330px-G%C3%BCnter_Grass_POW_record.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/G%C3%BCnter_Grass_POW_record.jpg/440px-G%C3%BCnter_Grass_POW_record.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="746" /></a><figcaption>Grass' <a href="/wiki/Prisoner_of_war" title="Prisoner of war">prisoner of war</a> record, indicating Waffen-SS membership</figcaption></figure> <p>In August 2006, in an interview to the <i><a href="/wiki/Frankfurter_Allgemeine_Zeitung" title="Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung">Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung</a></i> about his forthcoming book, <i>Peeling the Onion</i>, Grass said that he had been a member of the <i><a href="/wiki/Waffen-SS" title="Waffen-SS">Waffen-SS</a></i> in World War II.<sup id="cite_ref-Feuilleton_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Feuilleton-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Before that, he was thought to have been a typical member of the "<a href="/wiki/Hitler_Youth_generation" title="Hitler Youth generation">Flakhelfer generation</a>", one of those too young to see much fighting or to be involved with the Nazi regime beyond its youth organizations.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 15 August 2006, <i><a href="/wiki/Spiegel_Online" class="mw-redirect" title="Spiegel Online">Spiegel Online</a></i> published three 1946 documents from US forces verifying Grass's <i>Waffen-SS</i> membership.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After an unsuccessful attempt to volunteer for the <a href="/wiki/U-boat" title="U-boat">U-boat</a> fleet in 1942, at age 15, Grass had been conscripted into the <i><a href="/wiki/Reichsarbeitsdienst" class="mw-redirect" title="Reichsarbeitsdienst">Reichsarbeitsdienst</a></i> (Reich Labor Service). He was called up for the <i>Waffen-SS</i> in 1944. Grass was trained as a tank gunner and fought with the <a href="/wiki/10th_SS_Panzer_Division_Frundsberg" title="10th SS Panzer Division Frundsberg">10th SS Panzer Division Frundsberg</a> until its surrender to US forces at <a href="/wiki/Mari%C3%A1nsk%C3%A9_L%C3%A1zn%C4%9B" title="Mariánské Lázně">Marienbad</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nyer_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyer-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2007, Grass published an account of his wartime experience in <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a></i>, including an attempt to "string together the circumstances that probably triggered and nourished [his] decision to enlist."<sup id="cite_ref-nyer_59-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyer-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To the <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>, Grass said in 2006: "It happened as it did to many of my age. We were in the labour service and all at once, a year later, the call-up notice lay on the table. And only when I got to Dresden did I learn it was the Waffen-SS."<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As Grass was for many decades an outspoken left-leaning critic of Germany's failure to deal with its Nazi past, his statement caused a great stir in the press. <a href="/wiki/Rolf_Hochhuth" title="Rolf Hochhuth">Rolf Hochhuth</a> said it was "disgusting" that this same "politically correct" Grass had publicly criticized <a href="/wiki/Helmut_Kohl" title="Helmut Kohl">Helmut Kohl</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Bitburg_controversy" title="Bitburg controversy">visit to a military cemetery</a> at <a href="/wiki/Bitburg" title="Bitburg">Bitburg</a> in 1985, because it contained graves of <i>Waffen-SS</i> soldiers.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_30-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the same vein, historian <a href="/wiki/Michael_Wolffsohn" title="Michael Wolffsohn">Michael Wolffsohn</a> accused Grass of hypocrisy in not earlier disclosing his SS membership.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Joachim_Fest" title="Joachim Fest">Joachim Fest</a>, a biographer of Adolf Hitler, remarked on Grass's disclosure: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>"After 60 years, this confession comes a bit too late. I can't understand how someone who for decades set himself up as a moral authority, a rather smug one, could pull this off."<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Others defended Grass, saying his involuntary <i>Waffen-SS</i> service came very early in his life, resulting from his being drafted shortly after his seventeenth birthday. They noted he had always—after the war was lost—been publicly critical of Germany's Nazi past. For example, novelist <a href="/wiki/John_Irving" title="John Irving">John Irving</a> criticized those who would dismiss the achievements of a lifetime because of a mistake made as a teenager.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Grass's biographer <a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_J%C3%BCrgs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael Jürgs (page does not exist)">Michael Jürgs</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_J%C3%BCrgs" class="extiw" title="de:Michael Jürgs">de</a>]</span> described the controversy as resulting in "the end of a moral institution".<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Lech_Wa%C5%82%C4%99sa" title="Lech Wałęsa">Lech Wałęsa</a> initially criticized Grass for keeping silent about his <i>Waffen-SS</i> membership for 60 years. He later withdrew his criticism after reading Grass's letter to the mayor of Gdańsk, saying that Grass "set the good example for the others."<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 14 August 2006, the ruling party of Poland, <a href="/wiki/Law_and_Justice_(Poland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Law and Justice (Poland)">Law and Justice</a>, called on Grass to relinquish his honorary citizenship of Gdańsk. <a href="/wiki/Jacek_Kurski" title="Jacek Kurski">Jacek Kurski</a>, a Law and Justice politician, said, "It is unacceptable for a city where the first blood was shed, where World War II began, to have a Waffen-SS member as an honorary citizen."<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But, according to a 2010 poll<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ordered by city's authorities, the vast majority of Gdańsk citizens did not support Kurski's position. The mayor of Gdańsk, <a href="/wiki/Pawe%C5%82_Adamowicz" title="Paweł Adamowicz">Paweł Adamowicz</a>, said that he opposed submitting the affair to the municipal council because it was not for the council to judge history.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=G%C3%BCnter_Grass&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1954 Grass married Anna Margareta Schwarz, a Swiss dancer, which ended in divorce in 1978. He and Schwarz had four children: Franz (born 1957), Raoul (1957), Laura (1961), and Bruno (1965). They separated in 1972, and he began a relationship with Veronika Schröter, with whom he had a daughter, Helene (1974). He also had a daughter, Nele (1979), with Ingrid Kruger. </p><p>In 1979 he married Ute Grunert, an organist, to whom he was married up until his death.<sup id="cite_ref-Chronology_20-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chronology-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He had two stepsons from his second marriage, Malte and Hans. He had 18 grandchildren at his death.<sup id="cite_ref-Chronology_20-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chronology-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Grass was a fan of football club <a href="/wiki/SC_Freiburg" title="SC Freiburg">SC Freiburg</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=G%C3%BCnter_Grass&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grave_Guenter_Grass_in_Behlendorf.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Grave_Guenter_Grass_in_Behlendorf.jpg/220px-Grave_Guenter_Grass_in_Behlendorf.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Grave_Guenter_Grass_in_Behlendorf.jpg/330px-Grave_Guenter_Grass_in_Behlendorf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Grave_Guenter_Grass_in_Behlendorf.jpg/440px-Grave_Guenter_Grass_in_Behlendorf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4128" data-file-height="2322" /></a><figcaption>Grass's grave in Behlendorf</figcaption></figure> <p>An avid pipe smoker for most of his adult life, Grass died at the age of 87 of a lung infection on 13 April 2015 in a <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCbeck" title="Lübeck">Lübeck</a> hospital.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bbc-obit_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-obit-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was buried in a private family observance on 29 April in <a href="/wiki/Behlendorf" title="Behlendorf">Behlendorf</a>, 15 miles south of Lübeck, where he had lived since 1995. </p><p>American novelist <a href="/wiki/John_Irving" title="John Irving">John Irving</a> delivered the main eulogy at a memorial service for Grass on 10 May in the <a href="/wiki/Theater_L%C3%BCbeck" title="Theater Lübeck">Theater Lübeck</a>. Among those who attended were German President <a href="/wiki/Joachim_Gauck" title="Joachim Gauck">Joachim Gauck</a>, former Chancellor <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Schr%C3%B6der" title="Gerhard Schröder">Gerhard Schröder</a>, federal Commissioner for Culture <a href="/wiki/Monika_Gr%C3%BCtters" title="Monika Grütters">Monika Grütters</a>, film director <a href="/wiki/Volker_Schl%C3%B6ndorff" title="Volker Schlöndorff">Volker Schlöndorff</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pawe%C5%82_Adamowicz" title="Paweł Adamowicz">Paweł Adamowicz</a>, mayor of Gdańsk.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Grütters, in remarks to mourners, noted that, through his work, Grass championed the independence of artists and of art itself.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Adamowicz said Grass had "bridged the chasm between Germany and Poland", and praised the novelist's "unwillingness to compromise".<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=G%C3%BCnter_Grass&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Grass_bibliography" title="Günter Grass bibliography">Günter Grass bibliography</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reviews">Reviews</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=G%C3%BCnter_Grass&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Reviews"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brian_O._Murdoch" title="Brian O. Murdoch">Murdoch, Brian</a> (1982), <i>Sisyphean Labours</i>, which includes a review of <i>Headbirths, or, The Germans are Dying Out</i>, in <i><a href="/wiki/Cencrastus" title="Cencrastus">Cencrastus</a></i> No. 9, Summer 1982, p. 46, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:0264-0856">0264-0856</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=G%C3%BCnter_Grass&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates_in_Literature" title="List of Nobel laureates in Literature">List of Nobel laureates in Literature</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=G%C3%BCnter_Grass&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWoods2008" class="citation book cs1">Woods, Tim (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Yv0yc2pHDnIC&pg=PA1997-IA14">"Grass, Günter"</a>. <i>Who's Who of Twentieth Century Novelists</i>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-134-70990-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-134-70990-8"><bdi>978-1-134-70990-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Grass%2C+G%C3%BCnter&rft.btitle=Who%27s+Who+of+Twentieth+Century+Novelists&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-134-70990-8&rft.aulast=Woods&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYv0yc2pHDnIC%26pg%3DPA1997-IA14&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG%C3%BCnter+Grass" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-birthname-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-birthname_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-46171737.html">"Zunge heraus"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Der_Spiegel" title="Der Spiegel">Der Spiegel</a></i>. 4 September 1963. <q>(...) wurde Günter Wilhelm Graß am 16. Oktober 1927 geboren.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Der+Spiegel&rft.atitle=Zunge+heraus&rft.date=1963-09-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spiegel.de%2Fspiegel%2Fprint%2Fd-46171737.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG%C3%BCnter+Grass" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKulishBronner2012" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Kulish" title="Nicholas Kulish">Kulish, Nicholas</a>; <a href="/wiki/Ethan_Bronner" title="Ethan Bronner">Bronner, Ethan</a> (8 April 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120410024422/http://www.smh.com.au/world/gunter-grass-tries-to-hose-down-row-over-israel-20120407-1wi8c.html">"Gunter Grass tries to hose down row over Israel"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Sydney_Morning_Herald" title="The Sydney Morning Herald">The Sydney Morning Herald</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.smh.com.au/world/gunter-grass-tries-to-hose-down-row-over-israel-20120407-1wi8c.html">the original</a> on 10 April 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 April</span> 2012</span>. <q>Gunter Grass, Germany's most famous living writer, has tried to quell the growing controversy...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Sydney+Morning+Herald&rft.atitle=Gunter+Grass+tries+to+hose+down+row+over+Israel&rft.date=2012-04-08&rft.aulast=Kulish&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rft.au=Bronner%2C+Ethan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.smh.com.au%2Fworld%2Fgunter-grass-tries-to-hose-down-row-over-israel-20120407-1wi8c.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG%C3%BCnter+Grass" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/0,1518,825712,00.html">"Outrage in Germany"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Der_Spiegel" title="Der Spiegel">Der Spiegel</a></i>. 4 April 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 April</span> 2012</span>. <q>Günter Grass, Germany's most famous living author and the 1999 recipient of the Nobel Prize in literature...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Der+Spiegel&rft.atitle=Outrage+in+Germany&rft.date=2012-04-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spiegel.de%2Finternational%2Fgermany%2F0%2C1518%2C825712%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG%C3%BCnter+Grass" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jpost.com/DiplomacyAndPolitics/Article.aspx?id=265259">"Yishai: Günter Grass not welcome in Israel"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Jerusalem_Post" title="The Jerusalem Post">The Jerusalem Post</a></i>. 4 April 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 April</span> 2012</span>. <q>Germany's most famous living writer, the Nobel literature laureate Günter Grass...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post&rft.atitle=Yishai%3A+G%C3%BCnter+Grass+not+welcome+in+Israel&rft.date=2012-04-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2FDiplomacyAndPolitics%2FArticle.aspx%3Fid%3D265259&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG%C3%BCnter+Grass" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHardingSherwood2012" class="citation news cs1">Harding, Luke; Sherwood, Harriet (8 April 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehindu.com/news/international/article3291242.ece">"Outcry as Gunter Grass poem strongly criticises Israel"</a>. <i>The Hindu</i>. Chennai, India<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 April</span> 2012</span>. <q>During his long literary career, Gunter Grass has been many things. Author, playwright, sculptor and, unquestionably, Germany's most famous living writer. There is the 1999 Nobel Prize and Mr. Grass's broader post-war role as the country's moral conscience...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Outcry+as+Gunter+Grass+poem+strongly+criticises+Israel&rft.date=2012-04-08&rft.aulast=Harding&rft.aufirst=Luke&rft.au=Sherwood%2C+Harriet&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fnews%2Finternational%2Farticle3291242.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG%C3%BCnter+Grass" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nobelweb-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nobelweb_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nobelweb_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1999/">"The Nobel Prize in Literature 1999"</a>. Nobelprize.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 October</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Nobel+Prize+in+Literature+1999&rft.pub=Nobelprize.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fliterature%2Flaureates%2F1999%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG%C3%BCnter+Grass" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Garland, <i>The Oxford Companion to German Literature</i>, p. 302.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"The Literary Encyclopedia", <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.litencyc.com/php/speople.php?rec=true&UID=4990">Günter Grass (b. 1927)</a>. Retrieved on 16 August 2006.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wyborcza.pl/1,75475,17744558,Gunter_Grass_nie_zyje__Noblista_mial_87_lat.html#ixzz3XDIG5oiR">"Günter Grass nie żyje. Noblista miał 87 lat"</a>. <i>Gazeta Wyborcza</i>. 13 April 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 April</span> 2014</span>. <q>Pytany o tożsamość narodową, mówił, że jest Kaszubą. (Asking about his ethnicity, he always said that he's Kashubian)</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gazeta+Wyborcza&rft.atitle=G%C3%BCnter+Grass+nie+%C5%BCyje.+Noblista+mia%C5%82+87+lat&rft.date=2015-04-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwyborcza.pl%2F1%2C75475%2C17744558%2CGunter_Grass_nie_zyje__Noblista_mial_87_lat.html%23ixzz3XDIG5oiR&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG%C3%BCnter+Grass" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924225516/http://www.focus.de/tagesthema/literatur-portraet-der-unbequeme-nationaldichter_id_4608522.html">"Porträt: Der unbequeme Nationaldichter"</a>. <i>Focus</i>. 13 April 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.focus.de/tagesthema/literatur-portraet-der-unbequeme-nationaldichter_id_4608522.html">the original</a> on 24 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 April</span> 2014</span>. <q>Aber wenige haben auch soviel einstecken müssen wie der Kaschube aus Danzig. But, just few people had to take flak like the mustachioed Kashubian from Danzig</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Focus&rft.atitle=Portr%C3%A4t%3A+Der+unbequeme+Nationaldichter&rft.date=2015-04-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.focus.de%2Ftagesthema%2Fliteratur-portraet-der-unbequeme-nationaldichter_id_4608522.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG%C3%BCnter+Grass" class="Z3988"></span> (now Gdańsk, Poland)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ethnDEbook-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ethnDEbook_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKlšppelMatthei2011" class="citation news cs1">Klšppel, Klaus; Matthei, Olaf (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VmV2M05xxiEC&q=%22g%C3%BCnter+grass%22+%22kaschube%22&pg=PA61">"Polnische Ostseeküste, Danzig, Masuren"</a>. <i>Klaus Klöppel, Olaf Matthei</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-8297-1258-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-8297-1258-3"><bdi>978-3-8297-1258-3</bdi></a>. <q>Er bezeichnet sich selbst gerne als Kaschube</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Klaus+Kl%C3%B6ppel%2C+Olaf+Matthei&rft.atitle=Polnische+Ostseek%C3%BCste%2C+Danzig%2C+Masuren&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-3-8297-1258-3&rft.aulast=Kl%C5%A1ppel&rft.aufirst=Klaus&rft.au=Matthei%2C+Olaf&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVmV2M05xxiEC%26q%3D%2522g%25C3%25BCnter%2Bgrass%2522%2B%2522kaschube%2522%26pg%3DPA61&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG%C3%BCnter+Grass" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tagesspiegel.de/zeitung/wer-ist-guenter-grass/739946.html">"Wer ist Günter Grass?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Der_Tagesspiegel" title="Der Tagesspiegel">Der Tagesspiegel</a></i>. 14 August 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Der+Tagesspiegel&rft.atitle=Wer+ist+G%C3%BCnter+Grass%3F&rft.date=2006-08-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tagesspiegel.de%2Fzeitung%2Fwer-ist-guenter-grass%2F739946.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG%C3%BCnter+Grass" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMayer,_Claudia2002" class="citation book cs1">Mayer, Claudia (2002). <i>Günter Grass</i>. Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag. p. 16.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=G%C3%BCnter+Grass&rft.pages=16&rft.pub=Deutscher+Taschenbuch+Verlag&rft.date=2002&rft.au=Mayer%2C+Claudia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG%C3%BCnter+Grass" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Katholischen Mief".<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zeit.de/2006/34/Leiter-1-34">"Und Grass wundert sich: Die öffentliche Selbstrechtfertigung des großen Schriftstellers ist so unnötig wie ärgerlich"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Die_Zeit" title="Die Zeit">Die Zeit</a></i>. 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Die+Zeit&rft.atitle=Und+Grass+wundert+sich%3A+Die+%C3%B6ffentliche+Selbstrechtfertigung+des+gro%C3%9Fen+Schriftstellers+ist+so+unn%C3%B6tig+wie+%C3%A4rgerlich&rft.date=2006&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.zeit.de%2F2006%2F34%2FLeiter-1-34&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG%C3%BCnter+Grass" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060825044934/http://edition.cnn.com/2006/WORLD/europe/08/11/germany.grass.ap/index.html">"Nobel prize winner Grass admits serving in SS"</a>. Reuters. 11 August 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://edition.cnn.com/2006/WORLD/europe/08/11/germany.grass.ap/index.html">the original</a> on 25 August 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 August</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Nobel+prize+winner+Grass+admits+serving+in+SS&rft.date=2006-08-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2006%2FWORLD%2Feurope%2F08%2F11%2Fgermany.grass.ap%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG%C3%BCnter+Grass" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spiegel.de/kultur/literatur/0,1518,431333,00.html">"Autor Günter Grass: "Ich war Mitglied der Waffen-SS"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Der_Spiegel" title="Der Spiegel">Der Spiegel</a></i>. 11 August 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 August</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Der+Spiegel&rft.atitle=Autor+G%C3%BCnter+Grass%3A+%22Ich+war+Mitglied+der+Waffen-SS%22&rft.date=2006-08-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spiegel.de%2Fkultur%2Fliteratur%2F0%2C1518%2C431333%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG%C3%BCnter+Grass" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.signandsight.com/features/899.html">"Günter Grass was in the Waffen SS"</a> – Survey of reactions to disclosure of time in the <i>Waffen-SS</i> from the German and international press</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Feuilleton-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Feuilleton_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Feuilleton_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090808192518/http://www.faz.net/s/RubCF3AEB154CE64960822FA5429A182360/Doc~ED1E99E51572441E696FB0443CA308A56~ATpl~Ecommon~Scontent.html">"Günter Grass im Interview: 'Warum ich nach sechzig Jahren mein Schweigen breche'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Frankfurter_Allgemeine_Zeitung" title="Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung">Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.faz.net/s/RubCF3AEB154CE64960822FA5429A182360/Doc~ED1E99E51572441E696FB0443CA308A56~ATpl~Ecommon~Scontent.html">the original</a> on 8 August 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 October</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Frankfurter+Allgemeine+Zeitung&rft.atitle=G%C3%BCnter+Grass+im+Interview%3A+%27Warum+ich+nach+sechzig+Jahren+mein+Schweigen+breche%27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.faz.net%2Fs%2FRubCF3AEB154CE64960822FA5429A182360%2FDoc~ED1E99E51572441E696FB0443CA308A56~ATpl~Ecommon~Scontent.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG%C3%BCnter+Grass" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chronology-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Chronology_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chronology_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chronology_20-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chronology_20-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chronology_20-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chronology_20-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chronology_20-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaberner,_S.2009" class="citation book cs1">Taberner, S., ed. (2009). <i>The Cambridge Companion to Günter Grass</i>. Cambridge University Presses. pp. <span class="nowrap">xiv–</span>xviii.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Companion+to+G%C3%BCnter+Grass&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3Exiv-%3C%2Fspan%3Exviii&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Presses&rft.date=2009&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG%C3%BCnter+Grass" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHammelehle2015" class="citation news cs1">Hammelehle, Sebastian (13 April 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spiegel.de/international/zeitgeist/a-1028399.html">"After many years spent living in Berlin's Friedenau district and a sojourn in the Algarve, Portugal, Grass settled in Behlendorf in Schleswig-Holstein"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Der_Spiegel" title="Der Spiegel">Der Spiegel</a></i>. Hamburg<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Der+Spiegel&rft.atitle=After+many+years+spent+living+in+Berlin%27s+Friedenau+district+and+a+sojourn+in+the+Algarve%2C+Portugal%2C+Grass+settled+in+Behlendorf+in+Schleswig-Holstein&rft.date=2015-04-13&rft.aulast=Hammelehle&rft.aufirst=Sebastian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spiegel.de%2Finternational%2Fzeitgeist%2Fa-1028399.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG%C3%BCnter+Grass" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>International Law Reports</i> (1948) by <a href="/wiki/Elihu_Lauterpacht" title="Elihu Lauterpacht">Elihu Lauterpacht</a>, p. 207</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Thomas Mann Handbook</i> (2013) by Emily Smith, page 168</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160128133743/http://english.dcbooks.com/author-of-tin-drum-gunter-grass-died.html">"Author of <i>Tin Drum</i>, Günter Grass died"</a>. DC Books. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.dcbooks.com/author-of-tin-drum-gunter-grass-died.html">the original</a> on 28 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Author+of+Tin+Drum%2C+G%C3%BCnter+Grass+died&rft.pub=DC+Books&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.dcbooks.com%2Fauthor-of-tin-drum-gunter-grass-died.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG%C3%BCnter+Grass" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMews2008[[passim]]-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMews2008[[passim]]_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMews2008">Mews 2008</a>, <a href="/wiki/Passim" class="mw-redirect" title="Passim">passim</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMews20081-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMews20081_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMews2008">Mews 2008</a>, p. 1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Neill,_Patrick2009" class="citation book cs1">O'Neill, Patrick (2009). "The Exploratory Fiction of Günter Grass". In Taberner, S. (Ed.). (ed.). <i>The Cambridge Companion to Günter Grass</i>. Cambridge University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Exploratory+Fiction+of+G%C3%BCnter+Grass&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Companion+to+G%C3%BCnter+Grass&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.au=O%27Neill%2C+Patrick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG%C3%BCnter+Grass" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFinch,_Helen2009" class="citation book cs1">Finch, Helen (2009). "Günter Grass and Gender". In Taberner, S. (Ed.). (ed.). <i>The Cambridge Companion to Günter Grass</i>. Cambridge University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=G%C3%BCnter+Grass+and+Gender&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Companion+to+G%C3%BCnter+Grass&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.au=Finch%2C+Helen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG%C3%BCnter+Grass" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKrimmer,_E.2008" class="citation journal cs1">Krimmer, E. (2008). "<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Ein Volk von Opfern?' Germans as Victims in Günter Grass's <i>Die Blechtrommel</i> and <i>Im Krebsgang</i>". <i>Seminar: A Journal of Germanic Studies</i>. <b>44</b> (2). University of Toronto Press.: <span class="nowrap">272–</span>290.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Seminar%3A+A+Journal+of+Germanic+Studies&rft.atitle=%27Ein+Volk+von+Opfern%3F%27+Germans+as+Victims+in+G%C3%BCnter+Grass%27s+Die+Blechtrommel+and+Im+Krebsgang&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E272-%3C%2Fspan%3E290&rft.date=2008&rft.au=Krimmer%2C+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG%C3%BCnter+Grass" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYT-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYT_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT_30-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT_30-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStephen_Kinzer2015" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Kinzer" title="Stephen Kinzer">Stephen Kinzer</a> (13 April 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/14/world/europe/gunter-grass-german-novelist-dies-at-87.html?_r=0">"Günter Grass, German Novelist and Social Critic, Dies at 87"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=G%C3%BCnter+Grass%2C+German+Novelist+and+Social+Critic%2C+Dies+at+87&rft.date=2015-04-13&rft.au=Stephen+Kinzer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2015%2F04%2F14%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fgunter-grass-german-novelist-dies-at-87.html%3F_r%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG%C3%BCnter+Grass" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIzvor_Moralic2006" class="citation web cs1">Izvor Moralic (1 October 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160128133743/http://www.viennareview.net/vienna-review-book-reviews/upcoming-literary-events/peeling-the-onion">"Book Review: Günter Grass' <i>Peeling the Onion</i> – Günter Grass articulates his life, eloquently describing the troubles of the post-war generation and the desperate attempt to rebuild a life out of ruins while coming to terms with one's own guilt"</a>. Viennareview.net. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.viennareview.net/vienna-review-book-reviews/upcoming-literary-events/peeling-the-onion">the original</a> on 28 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Book+Review%3A+G%C3%BCnter+Grass%27+Peeling+the+Onion+%E2%80%93+G%C3%BCnter+Grass+articulates+his+life%2C+eloquently+describing+the+troubles+of+the+post-war+generation+and+the+desperate+attempt+to+rebuild+a+life+out+of+ruins+while+coming+to+terms+with+one%27s+own+guilt.&rft.pub=Viennareview.net&rft.date=2006-10-01&rft.au=Izvor+Moralic&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.viennareview.net%2Fvienna-review-book-reviews%2Fupcoming-literary-events%2Fpeeling-the-onion&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG%C3%BCnter+Grass" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTim_Gardan2007" class="citation book cs1">Tim Gardan (23 June 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/books/2007/jun/24/biography.guntergrass"><i>Confessions of a super Grass</i></a>. <q>Peeled, it renews itself; chopped, it brings tears; only during peeling does it speak the truth.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Confessions+of+a+super+Grass&rft.date=2007-06-23&rft.au=Tim+Gardan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fbooks%2F2007%2Fjun%2F24%2Fbiography.guntergrass&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG%C3%BCnter+Grass" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|work=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArnds,_P._O.2004" class="citation book cs1">Arnds, P. O. (2004). <i>Representation, subversion, and eugenics in Günter Grass's </i>The Tin Drum<i><span></span></i>. Camden House.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Representation%2C+subversion%2C+and+eugenics+in+G%C3%BCnter+Grass%27s+The+Tin+Drum&rft.pub=Camden+House&rft.date=2004&rft.au=Arnds%2C+P.+O.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG%C3%BCnter+Grass" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaberner,_S._(Ed.).2009" class="citation book cs1">Taberner, S. (Ed.)., ed. (2009). <i>The Cambridge Companion to Günter Grass</i>. Cambridge University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Companion+to+G%C3%BCnter+Grass&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG%C3%BCnter+Grass" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBraun,_R.2008" class="citation book cs1">Braun, R. (2008). <i>Constructing Authorship in the Work of Günter Grass</i>. Oxford University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Constructing+Authorship+in+the+Work+of+G%C3%BCnter+Grass&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.au=Braun%2C+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG%C3%BCnter+Grass" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArnds,_P._O.2009" class="citation book cs1">Arnds, P. O. (2009). "Günter Grass and Magical Realism". In Taberner, S. (Ed.). (ed.). <i>The Cambridge Companion to Günter Grass</i>. Cambridge University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=G%C3%BCnter+Grass+and+Magical+Realism&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Companion+to+G%C3%BCnter+Grass&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.au=Arnds%2C+P.+O.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG%C3%BCnter+Grass" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMews2008[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_May_2021]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(May_2021)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMews2008[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_May_2021]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(May_2021)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMews2008">Mews 2008</a>, p. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (May 2021)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMews2008107,_146,_195-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMews2008107,_146,_195_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMews2008">Mews 2008</a>, pp. 107, 146, 195.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMews200853-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMews200853_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMews2008">Mews 2008</a>, p. 53.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMews200855-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMews200855_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMews2008">Mews 2008</a>, p. 55.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110519230919/http://www.faz.net/s/RubEBED639C476B407798B1CE808F1F6632/Doc~E73D9568D79A14F7CB8686D42EC8ACD04~ATpl~Ecommon~Scontent.html">"Rückgabe von Beutekunst: Die letzten deutschen Kriegsgefangenen"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Frankfurter_Allgemeine_Zeitung" title="Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung">Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung</a></i>. 26 October 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.faz.net/s/RubEBED639C476B407798B1CE808F1F6632/Doc~E73D9568D79A14F7CB8686D42EC8ACD04~ATpl~Ecommon~Scontent.html">the original</a> on 19 May 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 October</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Frankfurter+Allgemeine+Zeitung&rft.atitle=R%C3%BCckgabe+von+Beutekunst%3A+Die+letzten+deutschen+Kriegsgefangenen&rft.date=2010-10-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.faz.net%2Fs%2FRubEBED639C476B407798B1CE808F1F6632%2FDoc~E73D9568D79A14F7CB8686D42EC8ACD04~ATpl~Ecommon~Scontent.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG%C3%BCnter+Grass" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.spiegel.de/kultur/gesellschaft/beutekunst-rueckgabe-polen-stellt-sich-stur-a-498915.html">"Polen stellt sich stur"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Der_Spiegel" title="Der Spiegel">Der Spiegel</a></i>, 8 August 2007 (in German)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-haaretz_persona_non_grata-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-haaretz_persona_non_grata_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBar-ZoharRavid2012" class="citation news cs1">Bar-Zohar, Ophir; Ravid, Barak (8 April 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/interior-minister-declares-gunter-grass-persona-non-grata-in-israel-1.423239">"Interior Minister declares Gunter Grass persona non grata in Israel"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Haaretz" title="Haaretz">Haaretz</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Interior+Minister+declares+Gunter+Grass+persona+non+grata+in+Israel&rft.date=2012-04-08&rft.aulast=Bar-Zohar&rft.aufirst=Ophir&rft.au=Ravid%2C+Barak&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fnews%2Fdiplomacy-defense%2Finterior-minister-declares-gunter-grass-persona-non-grata-in-israel-1.423239&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG%C3%BCnter+Grass" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGünter_Grass2012" class="citation news cs1">Günter Grass (5 April 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/books/2012/apr/05/gunter-grass-what-must-be-said?intcmp=239">"What Must Be Said"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>. London<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 January</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=What+Must+Be+Said&rft.date=2012-04-05&rft.au=G%C3%BCnter+Grass&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fbooks%2F2012%2Fapr%2F05%2Fgunter-grass-what-must-be-said%3Fintcmp%3D239&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG%C3%BCnter+Grass" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeinthal2013" class="citation web cs1">Weinthal, Benjamin (3 January 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jpost.com/International/Article.aspx?id=265415">"Benjamin Weinthal: Berlin politicians split over Grass travel ban"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Jerusalem_Post" title="The Jerusalem Post">The Jerusalem Post</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 January</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post&rft.atitle=Benjamin+Weinthal%3A+Berlin+politicians+split+over+Grass+travel+ban&rft.date=2013-01-03&rft.aulast=Weinthal&rft.aufirst=Benjamin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2FInternational%2FArticle.aspx%3Fid%3D265415&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG%C3%BCnter+Grass" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Avi_Primor" title="Avi Primor">Avi Primor</a>, "Peeling Günter Grass' Israeli Onion", <i>Israel Journal of Foreign Affairs,</i> Vol. 6, No. 2 (2012), p. 103 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://israelcfr.com/documents/6-2/6-2-8-AviPrimor.pdf">(PDF)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140825153611/http://www.israelcfr.com/documents/6-2/6-2-8-AviPrimor.pdf">Archived</a> 25 August 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.unpacampaign.org/supporters/overview/?mapcountry=allhea&mapgroup=hea">"Overview"</a>. <i>Campaign for a UN Parliamentary Assembly</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Campaign+for+a+UN+Parliamentary+Assembly&rft.atitle=Overview&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.unpacampaign.org%2Fsupporters%2Foverview%2F%3Fmapcountry%3Dallhea%26mapgroup%3Dhea&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG%C3%BCnter+Grass" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://newsticker.sueddeutsche.de/list/id/1319034">"Newsticker"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCddeutsche_Zeitung" title="Süddeutsche Zeitung">Süddeutsche Zeitung</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=S%C3%BCddeutsche+Zeitung&rft.atitle=Newsticker&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnewsticker.sueddeutsche.de%2Flist%2Fid%2F1319034&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG%C3%BCnter+Grass" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ekathimerini.com/4dcgi/_w_articles_wsite1_1_27/05/2012_444146">"Gunter Grass stands by poem about Greece and Europe"</a>. <i>Ekathimerini</i>. 27 May 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 January</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ekathimerini&rft.atitle=Gunter+Grass+stands+by+poem+about+Greece+and+Europe&rft.date=2012-05-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ekathimerini.com%2F4dcgi%2F_w_articles_wsite1_1_27%2F05%2F2012_444146&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG%C3%BCnter+Grass" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF(www.dw.com)" class="citation web cs1">(www.dw.com), Deutsche Welle. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dw.com/en/g%C3%BCnter-grass-leaves-a-last-farewell-book/a-18671538">"Günter Grass leaves a last farewell book | Books | DW.COM | 26 August 2015"</a>. <i>DW.COM</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=DW.COM&rft.atitle=G%C3%BCnter+Grass+leaves+a+last+farewell+book+%7C+Books+%7C+DW.COM+%7C+26+August+2015&rft.aulast=%28www.dw.com%29&rft.aufirst=Deutsche+Welle&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fen%2Fg%25C3%25BCnter-grass-leaves-a-last-farewell-book%2Fa-18671538&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG%C3%BCnter+Grass" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutscheakademie.de/en/awards/georg-buechner-preis/guenter-grass">"Günter Grass"</a>. <i>Deutsche Akademie für Sprache und Dichtung</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Deutsche+Akademie+f%C3%BCr+Sprache+und+Dichtung&rft.atitle=G%C3%BCnter+Grass&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.deutscheakademie.de%2Fen%2Fawards%2Fgeorg-buechner-preis%2Fguenter-grass&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG%C3%BCnter+Grass" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100305070326/http://www.rslit.org/content/fellows">"Royal Society of Literature All Fellows"</a>. <i>Royal Society of Literature</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rslit.org/content/fellows">the original</a> on 5 March 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 August</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Royal+Society+of+Literature&rft.atitle=Royal+Society+of+Literature+All+Fellows&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rslit.org%2Fcontent%2Ffellows&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG%C3%BCnter+Grass" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150416055105/http://www.luebeck-tourism.de/culture/museums/guenter-grass-house.html">"Gunter Grass House Lubeck"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.luebeck-tourism.de/culture/museums/guenter-grass-house.html">the original</a> on 16 April 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gunter+Grass+House+Lubeck&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.luebeck-tourism.de%2Fculture%2Fmuseums%2Fguenter-grass-house.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG%C3%BCnter+Grass" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.presenciagitana.org/RelacionPREMIOSHIDALGO.pdf">"Hidalgo Prize awards"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Presencia Gitana.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Hidalgo+Prize+awards&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.presenciagitana.org%2FRelacionPREMIOSHIDALGO.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG%C3%BCnter+Grass" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jyllands-posten.dk/international/europa/ECE4945915/G%C3%BCnter+Grass+bliver+%C3%A5rets+europ%C3%A6er+/">"Gunter Grass bliver årets Europæer"</a>. Jyllandsposten.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Gunter+Grass+bliver+%C3%A5rets+Europ%C3%A6er&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjyllands-posten.dk%2Finternational%2Feuropa%2FECE4945915%2FG%25C3%25BCnter%2BGrass%2Bbliver%2B%25C3%25A5rets%2Beurop%25C3%25A6er%2B%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG%C3%BCnter+Grass" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.faz.net/aktuell/gesellschaft/menschen/guenter-grass-enthuellt-ich-war-mitglied-der-waffen-ss-1354882.html">"Ich war Mitglied der Waffen-SS"</a>. <i>Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung</i> (in German). 11 August 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Frankfurter+Allgemeine+Zeitung&rft.atitle=Ich+war+Mitglied+der+Waffen-SS&rft.date=2006-08-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.faz.net%2Faktuell%2Fgesellschaft%2Fmenschen%2Fguenter-grass-enthuellt-ich-war-mitglied-der-waffen-ss-1354882.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG%C3%BCnter+Grass" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWiegrefe2006" class="citation news cs1">Wiegrefe, Klaus (15 August 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spiegel.de/kultur/gesellschaft/0,1518,431823,00.html">"Grass räumte als Kriegsgefangener Waffen-SS-Mitgliedschaft ein"</a>. <i>Der Spiegel</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 October</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Der+Spiegel&rft.atitle=Grass+r%C3%A4umte+als+Kriegsgefangener+Waffen-SS-Mitgliedschaft+ein&rft.date=2006-08-15&rft.aulast=Wiegrefe&rft.aufirst=Klaus&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spiegel.de%2Fkultur%2Fgesellschaft%2F0%2C1518%2C431823%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG%C3%BCnter+Grass" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nypost.com/2015/04/13/noble-laureate-gunter-grass-dead-at-87/">"Noble laureate Günter Grass dead at 87"</a>. <i>New York Post</i>. 13 April 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Post&rft.atitle=Noble+laureate+G%C3%BCnter+Grass+dead+at+87&rft.date=2015-04-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnypost.com%2F2015%2F04%2F13%2Fnoble-laureate-gunter-grass-dead-at-87%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG%C3%BCnter+Grass" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nyer-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nyer_59-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyer_59-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrass2007" class="citation magazine cs1">Grass, Günter (4 June 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2007/06/04/070604fa_fact_grass?currentPage=all">"How I Spent the War: A recruit in the Waffen S.S."</a> <i>The New Yorker</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 May</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Yorker&rft.atitle=How+I+Spent+the+War%3A+A+recruit+in+the+Waffen+S.S.&rft.date=2007-06-04&rft.aulast=Grass&rft.aufirst=G%C3%BCnter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newyorker.com%2Freporting%2F2007%2F06%2F04%2F070604fa_fact_grass%3FcurrentPage%3Dall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG%C3%BCnter+Grass" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/4785851.stm">"Guenter Grass served in Waffen SS"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 11 August 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 August</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Guenter+Grass+served+in+Waffen+SS&rft.date=2006-08-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fentertainment%2F4785851.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG%C3%BCnter+Grass" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dw.de/nobel-prize-winner-grass-under-fire-for-belated-ss-confession/a-2132108">"Nobel Prize Winner Grass Under Fire for Belated SS Confession"</a>. Deutsche Welle. 14 August 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Nobel+Prize+Winner+Grass+Under+Fire+for+Belated+SS+Confession&rft.date=2006-08-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.de%2Fnobel-prize-winner-grass-under-fire-for-belated-ss-confession%2Fa-2132108&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG%C3%BCnter+Grass" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iht.com/articles/2006/08/13/news/grass.php">"Grass admits serving in Waffen SS"</a>. Reuters. 13 August 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 August</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Grass+admits+serving+in+Waffen+SS&rft.date=2006-08-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iht.com%2Farticles%2F2006%2F08%2F13%2Fnews%2Fgrass.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG%C3%BCnter+Grass" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_Irving2006" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Irving" title="John Irving">John Irving</a> (19 August 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/story/0,,1853745,00.html">"Günter Grass is my hero, as a writer and a moral compass"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. London<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 August</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=G%C3%BCnter+Grass+is+my+hero%2C+as+a+writer+and+a+moral+compass&rft.date=2006-08-19&rft.au=John+Irving&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fcommentisfree%2Fstory%2F0%2C%2C1853745%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG%C3%BCnter+Grass" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spiegel.de/kultur/literatur/0,1518,431412,00.html">"Echo auf Grass' SS-Vergangenheit: "Ende einer moralischen Instanz"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Der Spiegel</i>. 12 August 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 October</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Der+Spiegel&rft.atitle=Echo+auf+Grass%27+SS-Vergangenheit%3A+%22Ende+einer+moralischen+Instanz%22&rft.date=2006-08-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spiegel.de%2Fkultur%2Fliteratur%2F0%2C1518%2C431412%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG%C3%BCnter+Grass" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spiegel.de/kultur/literatur/0,1518,431491,00.html">"SS-Vergangenheit: Walesa macht Grass Ehrenbürgerwürde streitig"</a>. <i>Der Spiegel</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 October</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Der+Spiegel&rft.atitle=SS-Vergangenheit%3A+Walesa+macht+Grass+Ehrenb%C3%BCrgerw%C3%BCrde+streitig&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spiegel.de%2Fkultur%2Fliteratur%2F0%2C1518%2C431491%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG%C3%BCnter+Grass" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wiadomosci.wp.pl/kat,1342,title,Kurski-Grass-nie-rozumie-czym-zranil-Polakow,wid,8466747,wiadomosc.html?ticaid=114af2">"Kurski: Grass nie rozumie, czym zranił Polaków"</a> (in Polish). Wiadomości. 17 August 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Kurski%3A+Grass+nie+rozumie%2C+czym+zrani%C5%82+Polak%C3%B3w&rft.date=2006-08-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwiadomosci.wp.pl%2Fkat%2C1342%2Ctitle%2CKurski-Grass-nie-rozumie-czym-zranil-Polakow%2Cwid%2C8466747%2Cwiadomosc.html%3Fticaid%3D114af2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG%C3%BCnter+Grass" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081009210534/http://serwisy.gazeta.pl/kraj/1,34317,3560655.html">"Kraj – Gazeta.pl"</a>. <i>Serwisy.gazeta.pl</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://serwisy.gazeta.pl/kraj/1,34317,3560655.html">the original</a> on 9 October 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 October</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Serwisy.gazeta.pl&rft.atitle=Kraj+%E2%80%93+Gazeta.pl&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fserwisy.gazeta.pl%2Fkraj%2F1%2C34317%2C3560655.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG%C3%BCnter+Grass" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://bi.gazeta.pl/im/4/3561/m3561294.jpg">http://bi.gazeta.pl/im/4/3561/m3561294.jpg</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bare_URLs" title="Wikipedia:Bare URLs"><span title="A full citation of this image file is required to prevent link rot. (March 2022)">bare URL image file</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRakowiec2006" class="citation news cs1">Rakowiec, Małgorzata (14 August 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.scotsman.com/latest.cfm?id=1185192006">"Grass asked to give up Polish title"</a>. Edinburgh. Reuters<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 August</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Grass+asked+to+give+up+Polish+title&rft.date=2006-08-14&rft.aulast=Rakowiec&rft.aufirst=Ma%C5%82gorzata&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.scotsman.com%2Flatest.cfm%3Fid%3D1185192006&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG%C3%BCnter+Grass" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged October 2010">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDonahue2005" class="citation news cs1">Donahue, Patrick (13 April 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-04-13/guenter-grass-german-writer-who-took-on-nazi-past-dies-at-87">"Guenter Grass, German Writer Who Took On Nazism, Dies at 87"</a>. Bloomberg<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Guenter+Grass%2C+German+Writer+Who+Took+On+Nazism%2C+Dies+at+87&rft.date=2005-04-13&rft.aulast=Donahue&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F2015-04-13%2Fguenter-grass-german-writer-who-took-on-nazi-past-dies-at-87&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG%C3%BCnter+Grass" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rp-online.de/politik/nobelpreistraeger-drueckt-dem-sc-freiburg-die-daumen-aid-1.2263002">"Nobelpreisträger drückt dem SC Freiburg die Daumen"</a>. RP Online. 20 February 2000<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Nobelpreistr%C3%A4ger+dr%C3%BCckt+dem+SC+Freiburg+die+Daumen&rft.date=2000-02-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rp-online.de%2Fpolitik%2Fnobelpreistraeger-drueckt-dem-sc-freiburg-die-daumen-aid-1.2263002&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG%C3%BCnter+Grass" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dw.de/renowned-german-author-g%C3%BCnter-grass-dies-aged-87/a-18377707">"Renowned German author Günter Grass dies, aged 87"</a>. DW.de<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Renowned+German+author+G%C3%BCnter+Grass+dies%2C+aged+87&rft.pub=DW.de&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.de%2Frenowned-german-author-g%25C3%25BCnter-grass-dies-aged-87%2Fa-18377707&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG%C3%BCnter+Grass" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bbc-obit-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bbc-obit_73-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-32285705">German author Guenter Grass dies</a>, <i>BBC News</i>, 13 April 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichard_Lea2015" class="citation web cs1">Richard Lea (13 April 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/apr/13/gunter-grass-german-nobel-laureate-dies-aged-87">"Günter Grass, Nobel-winning German novelist, dies aged 87"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=G%C3%BCnter+Grass%2C+Nobel-winning+German+novelist%2C+dies+aged+87&rft.date=2015-04-13&rft.au=Richard+Lea&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fbooks%2F2015%2Fapr%2F13%2Fgunter-grass-german-nobel-laureate-dies-aged-87&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG%C3%BCnter+Grass" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spiegel.de/kultur/literatur/guenter-grass-trauerfeier-in-luebeck-a-1033062.html">"Abschied von Günter Grass: 'Der König der Spielzeughändler<span style="padding-right:.15em;">'</span>"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Der_Spiegel" title="Der Spiegel">Der Spiegel</a></i>, 10 May 2015 <span class="languageicon">(in German)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.faz.net/aktuell/feuilleton/buecher/autoren/guenter-grass/trauerfeier-fuer-guenter-grass-in-luebeck-13585843.html">"Trauerfeier für Günter Grass: Manchmal liebte er uns stärker als wir selbst"</a> by Hubert Spiegel, <i><a href="/wiki/Frankfurter_Allgemeine_Zeitung" title="Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung">Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung</a></i>, 10 May 2015 <span class="languageicon">(in German)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ln-online.de/Nachrichten/Kultur/Bewegende-Gedenkfeier-fuer-Guenter-Grass">"Bewegende Gedenkfeier für Günter Grass"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCbecker_Nachrichten" title="Lübecker Nachrichten">Lübecker Nachrichten</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=L%C3%BCbecker+Nachrichten&rft.atitle=Bewegende+Gedenkfeier+f%C3%BCr+G%C3%BCnter+Grass&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ln-online.de%2FNachrichten%2FKultur%2FBewegende-Gedenkfeier-fuer-Guenter-Grass&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG%C3%BCnter+Grass" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJürgen_Kowallik2015" class="citation web cs1">Jürgen Kowallik (10 May 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160305103156/http://www.express.de/news/gedenkfeier-fuer-guenter-grass--koenig-der-spielzeughaendler-ist-gegangen--1723388">"Gedenkfeier für Günter Grass – 'König der Spielzeughändler ist gegangen' "</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Express_(Cologne_newspaper)" title="Express (Cologne newspaper)">Express</a></i>. Cologne. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.express.de/news/gedenkfeier-fuer-guenter-grass--koenig-der-spielzeughaendler-ist-gegangen--1723388">the original</a> on 5 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Express&rft.atitle=Gedenkfeier+f%C3%BCr+G%C3%BCnter+Grass+%E2%80%93+%27K%C3%B6nig+der+Spielzeugh%C3%A4ndler+ist+gegangen%27%26thinsp%3B&rft.date=2015-05-10&rft.au=J%C3%BCrgen+Kowallik&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.express.de%2Fnews%2Fgedenkfeier-fuer-guenter-grass--koenig-der-spielzeughaendler-ist-gegangen--1723388&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG%C3%BCnter+Grass" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p><b>Sources</b> </p> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMews2008" class="citation book cs1">Mews, Siegfried (2008). <i>Günter Grass and His Critics: From The Tin Drum to Crabwalk</i>. Studies in German Literature. Rochester, New York: Camden House. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57113-062-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57113-062-4"><bdi>978-1-57113-062-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/181424200">181424200</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=G%C3%BCnter+Grass+and+His+Critics%3A+From+The+Tin+Drum+to+Crabwalk&rft.place=Rochester%2C+New+York&rft.series=Studies+in+German+Literature&rft.pub=Camden+House&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F181424200&rft.isbn=978-1-57113-062-4&rft.aulast=Mews&rft.aufirst=Siegfried&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG%C3%BCnter+Grass" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=G%C3%BCnter_Grass&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:G%C3%BCnter_Grass" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Günter Grass">Günter Grass</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikiquote-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/G%C3%BCnter_Grass" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Günter Grass">Günter Grass</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://noblib.internet-box.ch/NLEW.php?authorid=96">List of Works</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perlentaucher.de/autor/guenter-grass.html">Günter Grass</a> at <a href="/wiki/Perlentaucher" title="Perlentaucher">perlentaucher.de – das Kulturmagazin</a> <span class="languageicon">(in German)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gdansk-life.com/poland/gunter-grass">Günter Grass</a> at gdansk-life.com <span class="languageicon">(in English)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/secondworldwar/story/0,,1843187,00.html">"Grass admits serving with Waffen-SS"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Gaffney" title="Elizabeth Gaffney">Gaffney, Elizabeth</a> (Summer 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theparisreview.org/interviews/2191/the-art-of-fiction-no-124-gunter-grass">"Gunter Grass, The Art of Fiction No. 124"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Paris_Review" title="The Paris Review">The Paris Review</a></i>. Summer 1991 (119).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Paris+Review&rft.atitle=Gunter+Grass%2C+The+Art+of+Fiction+No.+124&rft.ssn=summer&rft.volume=Summer+1991&rft.issue=119&rft.date=1991&rft.aulast=Gaffney&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theparisreview.org%2Finterviews%2F2191%2Fthe-art-of-fiction-no-124-gunter-grass&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG%C3%BCnter+Grass" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation interview cs1">Günter Grass; Norman Mailer (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nypl.org/events/programs/2007/06/27/20th-century-trial-g%C3%BCnter-grass-norman-mailer-interviewed-and-conversatio">"The 20th Century on Trial"</a> (Interview). Interviewed by <a href="/wiki/Andrew_O%27Hagan" title="Andrew O'Hagan">Andrew O'Hagan</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_York_Public_Library" title="New York Public Library">New York Public Library</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+20th+Century+on+Trial&rft.pub=New+York+Public+Library&rft.date=2007&rft.au=G%C3%BCnter+Grass&rft.au=Norman+Mailer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nypl.org%2Fevents%2Fprograms%2F2007%2F06%2F27%2F20th-century-trial-g%25C3%25BCnter-grass-norman-mailer-interviewed-and-conversatio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG%C3%BCnter+Grass" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p004d1b6">"Günter Grass talking about <i>The Tin Drum</i>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/World_Book_Club" title="World Book Club">World Book Club</a></i>. BBC. 3 October 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=World+Book+Club&rft.atitle=G%C3%BCnter+Grass+talking+about+The+Tin+Drum&rft.date=2009-10-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fprogrammes%2Fp004d1b6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AG%C3%BCnter+Grass" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/person/?1024886">Appearances</a> on <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0335848/">Günter Grass</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/laureate/676">Günter Grass</a> on Nobelprize.org <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6538#P8024" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFF179;">Awards and achievements </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark"><img alt="Denmark" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Henrik,_Prince_Consort_of_Denmark" class="mw-redirect" title="Henrik, Prince Consort of Denmark">Henrik, Prince Consort of Denmark</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> European of the Year<br /><small>(by the Danish European Movement)</small> </b><br />2012 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark"><img alt="Denmark" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Emmelie_de_Forest" title="Emmelie de Forest">Emmelie de Forest</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Günter_Grass89" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:G%C3%BCnter_Grass" title="Template:Günter Grass"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:G%C3%BCnter_Grass" title="Template talk:Günter Grass"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:G%C3%BCnter_Grass" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Günter Grass"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Günter_Grass89" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Günter Grass</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Grass_bibliography" title="Günter Grass bibliography">Bibliography</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Prose</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Danzig_Trilogy" title="Danzig Trilogy">Danzig Trilogy</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Tin_Drum" title="The Tin Drum">The Tin Drum</a></i> (1959)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cat_and_Mouse_(novella)" title="Cat and Mouse (novella)">Cat and Mouse</a></i> (1961)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dog_Years_(novel)" title="Dog Years (novel)">Dog Years</a></i> (1963)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Local_Anaesthetic_(novel)" title="Local Anaesthetic (novel)">Local Anaesthetic</a></i> (1969)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Flounder" title="The Flounder">The Flounder</a></i> (1977)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Meeting_at_Telgte" title="The Meeting at Telgte">The Meeting at Telgte</a></i> (1979)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Rat_(novel)" title="The Rat (novel)">The Rat</a></i> (1986)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Call_of_the_Toad" title="The Call of the Toad">The Call of the Toad</a></i> (1992)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/My_Century" title="My Century">My Century</a></i> (1999)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Crabwalk" title="Crabwalk">Crabwalk</a></i> (2002)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Peeling_the_Onion" title="Peeling the Onion">Peeling the Onion</a></i> (2006)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Box_(Grass_book)" title="The Box (Grass book)">The Box</a></i> (2008)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:G%C3%BCnter_Grass,_2004.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/G%C3%BCnter_Grass%2C_2004.jpg/100px-G%C3%BCnter_Grass%2C_2004.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/G%C3%BCnter_Grass%2C_2004.jpg/150px-G%C3%BCnter_Grass%2C_2004.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/G%C3%BCnter_Grass%2C_2004.jpg/200px-G%C3%BCnter_Grass%2C_2004.jpg 2x" data-file-width="692" data-file-height="666" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Poetry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/What_Must_Be_Said" title="What Must Be Said">What Must Be Said</a>" (2012)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Plays</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Plebeians_Rehearse_the_Uprising" title="The Plebeians Rehearse the Uprising">The Plebeians Rehearse the Uprising</a></i> (1966)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Adaptations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Cat_and_Mouse_(1967_film)" title="Cat and Mouse (1967 film)">Cat and Mouse</a></i> (1967)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Tin_Drum_(film)" title="The Tin Drum (film)">The Tin Drum</a></i> (1979)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Call_of_the_Toad_(film)" title="The Call of the Toad (film)">The Call of the Toad</a></i> (2005)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Awards_received_by_Günter_Grass99" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Awards_received_by_Günter_Grass99" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Awards received by Günter Grass</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Recipients_of_the_Georg_Büchner_Prize63" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Georg_B%C3%BCchner_Prize" title="Template:Georg Büchner Prize"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Georg_B%C3%BCchner_Prize" title="Template talk:Georg Büchner Prize"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Georg_B%C3%BCchner_Prize" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Georg Büchner Prize"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Recipients_of_the_Georg_Büchner_Prize63" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Recipients of the <a href="/wiki/Georg_B%C3%BCchner_Prize" title="Georg Büchner Prize">Georg Büchner Prize</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1923–1950</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;">1923</span> <a href="/wiki/Adam_Karrillon" title="Adam Karrillon">Adam Karrillon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arnold_Mendelssohn" title="Arnold Mendelssohn">Arnold Mendelssohn</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1924</span> <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Bock" title="Alfred Bock">Alfred Bock</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Thesing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Thesing (page does not exist)">Paul Thesing</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1925</span> <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Michel" title="Wilhelm Michel">Wilhelm Michel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Koch" title="Rudolf Koch">Rudolf Koch</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1926</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_Heinrich_Kleukens&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christian Heinrich Kleukens (page does not exist)">Christian Heinrich Kleukens</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Petersen_(composer)" title="Wilhelm Petersen (composer)">Wilhelm Petersen</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1927</span> <a href="/wiki/Kasimir_Edschmid" title="Kasimir Edschmid">Kasimir Edschmid</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Johannes_Bischoff&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johannes Bischoff (page does not exist)">Johannes Bischoff</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1928</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Hoelscher&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard Hoelscher (page does not exist)">Richard Hoelscher</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Well_Habicht&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Well Habicht (page does not exist)">Well Habicht</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1929</span> <a href="/wiki/Carl_Zuckmayer" title="Carl Zuckmayer">Carl Zuckmayer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Adam_Antes" title="Adam Antes">Adam Antes</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1930</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nikolaus_Schwarzkopf&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nikolaus Schwarzkopf (page does not exist)">Nikolaus Schwarzkopf</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Johannes_Lippmann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johannes Lippmann (page does not exist)">Johannes Lippmann</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1931</span> <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Posch" title="Alexander Posch">Alexander Posch</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hans_Simon" title="Hans Simon">Hans Simon</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1932</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_H._Rausch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Albert H. Rausch (page does not exist)">Albert H. Rausch</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Adolf_Bode&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adolf Bode (page does not exist)">Adolf Bode</a></li> <li><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey"><span style="font-size:85%;">1933–1944</span> not given</span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1945</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hans_Schiebelhuth&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hans Schiebelhuth (page does not exist)">Hans Schiebelhuth</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1946</span> <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Usinger" title="Fritz Usinger">Fritz Usinger</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1947</span> <a href="/wiki/Anna_Seghers" title="Anna Seghers">Anna Seghers</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1948</span> <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Heiss" title="Hermann Heiss">Hermann Heiss</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1949</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carl_Gunschmann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carl Gunschmann (page does not exist)">Carl Gunschmann</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1950</span> <a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_Langg%C3%A4sser" title="Elisabeth Langgässer">Elisabeth Langgässer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Since 1951</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;">1951</span> <a href="/wiki/Gottfried_Benn" title="Gottfried Benn">Gottfried Benn</a></li> <li><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey"><span style="font-size:85%;">1952</span> not given</span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1953</span> <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Kreuder" title="Ernst Kreuder">Ernst Kreuder</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1954</span> <a href="/wiki/Martin_Kessel" title="Martin Kessel">Martin Kessel</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1955</span> <a href="/wiki/Marie_Luise_Kaschnitz" title="Marie Luise Kaschnitz">Marie Luise Kaschnitz</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1956</span> <a href="/wiki/Karl_Krolow" title="Karl Krolow">Karl Krolow</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1957</span> <a href="/wiki/Erich_K%C3%A4stner" title="Erich Kästner">Erich Kästner</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1958</span> <a href="/wiki/Max_Frisch" title="Max Frisch">Max Frisch</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1959</span> <a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Eich" title="Günter Eich">Günter Eich</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1960</span> <a href="/wiki/Paul_Celan" title="Paul Celan">Paul Celan</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1961</span> <a href="/wiki/Hans_Erich_Nossack" title="Hans Erich Nossack">Hans Erich Nossack</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1962</span> <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Koeppen" title="Wolfgang Koeppen">Wolfgang Koeppen</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1963</span> <a href="/wiki/Hans_Magnus_Enzensberger" title="Hans Magnus Enzensberger">Hans Magnus Enzensberger</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1964</span> <a href="/wiki/Ingeborg_Bachmann" title="Ingeborg Bachmann">Ingeborg Bachmann</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1965</span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Günter Grass</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1966</span> <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Hildesheimer" title="Wolfgang Hildesheimer">Wolfgang Hildesheimer</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1967</span> <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll" title="Heinrich Böll">Heinrich Böll</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1968</span> <a href="/wiki/Golo_Mann" title="Golo Mann">Golo Mann</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1969</span> <a href="/wiki/Helmut_Hei%C3%9Fenb%C3%BCttel" title="Helmut Heißenbüttel">Helmut Heißenbüttel</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1970</span> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Bernhard" title="Thomas Bernhard">Thomas Bernhard</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1971</span> <a href="/wiki/Uwe_Johnson" title="Uwe Johnson">Uwe Johnson</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1972</span> <a href="/wiki/Elias_Canetti" title="Elias Canetti">Elias Canetti</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1973</span> <a href="/wiki/Peter_Handke" title="Peter Handke">Peter Handke</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1974</span> <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Kesten" title="Hermann Kesten">Hermann Kesten</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1975</span> <a href="/wiki/Man%C3%A8s_Sperber" title="Manès Sperber">Manès Sperber</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1976</span> <a href="/wiki/Heinz_Piontek" title="Heinz Piontek">Heinz Piontek</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1977</span> <a href="/wiki/Reiner_Kunze" title="Reiner Kunze">Reiner Kunze</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1978</span> <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Lenz" title="Hermann Lenz">Hermann Lenz</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1979</span> <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Meister" title="Ernst Meister">Ernst Meister</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1980</span> <a href="/wiki/Christa_Wolf" title="Christa Wolf">Christa Wolf</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1981</span> <a href="/wiki/Martin_Walser" title="Martin Walser">Martin Walser</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1982</span> <a href="/wiki/Peter_Weiss" title="Peter Weiss">Peter Weiss</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1983</span> <a href="/wiki/Wolfdietrich_Schnurre" title="Wolfdietrich Schnurre">Wolfdietrich Schnurre</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1984</span> <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Jandl" title="Ernst Jandl">Ernst Jandl</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1985</span> <a href="/wiki/Heiner_M%C3%BCller" title="Heiner Müller">Heiner Müller</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1986</span> <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_D%C3%BCrrenmatt" title="Friedrich Dürrenmatt">Friedrich Dürrenmatt</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1987</span> <a href="/wiki/Erich_Fried" title="Erich Fried">Erich Fried</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1988</span> <a href="/wiki/Albert_Drach" title="Albert Drach">Albert Drach</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1989</span> <a href="/wiki/Botho_Strau%C3%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="Botho Strauß">Botho Strauß</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1990</span> <a href="/wiki/Tankred_Dorst" title="Tankred Dorst">Tankred Dorst</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1991</span> <a href="/wiki/Wolf_Biermann" title="Wolf Biermann">Wolf Biermann</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1992</span> <a href="/wiki/George_Tabori" title="George Tabori">George Tabori</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1993</span> <a href="/wiki/Peter_R%C3%BChmkorf" title="Peter Rühmkorf">Peter Rühmkorf</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1994</span> <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Muschg" title="Adolf Muschg">Adolf Muschg</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1995</span> <a href="/wiki/Durs_Gr%C3%BCnbein" title="Durs Grünbein">Durs Grünbein</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1996</span> <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Kirsch" title="Sarah Kirsch">Sarah Kirsch</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1997</span> <a href="/wiki/H._C._Artmann" title="H. C. Artmann">H. C. Artmann</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1998</span> <a href="/wiki/Elfriede_Jelinek" title="Elfriede Jelinek">Elfriede Jelinek</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1999</span> <a href="/wiki/Arnold_Stadler" title="Arnold Stadler">Arnold Stadler</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">2000</span> <a href="/wiki/Volker_Braun" title="Volker Braun">Volker Braun</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">2001</span> <a href="/wiki/Friederike_Mayr%C3%B6cker" title="Friederike Mayröcker">Friederike Mayröcker</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">2002</span> <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Hilbig" title="Wolfgang Hilbig">Wolfgang Hilbig</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">2003</span> <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Kluge" title="Alexander Kluge">Alexander Kluge</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">2004</span> <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Genazino" title="Wilhelm Genazino">Wilhelm Genazino</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">2005</span> <a href="/wiki/Brigitte_Kronauer" title="Brigitte Kronauer">Brigitte Kronauer</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">2006</span> <a href="/wiki/Oskar_Pastior" title="Oskar Pastior">Oskar Pastior</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">2007</span> <a href="/wiki/Martin_Mosebach" title="Martin Mosebach">Martin Mosebach</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">2008</span> <a href="/wiki/Josef_Winkler_(writer)" title="Josef Winkler (writer)">Josef Winkler</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">2009</span> <a href="/wiki/Walter_Kappacher" title="Walter Kappacher">Walter Kappacher</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">2010</span> <a href="/wiki/Reinhard_Jirgl" title="Reinhard Jirgl">Reinhard Jirgl</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">2011</span> <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Christian_Delius" title="Friedrich Christian Delius">Friedrich Christian Delius</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">2012</span> <a href="/wiki/Felicitas_Hoppe" title="Felicitas Hoppe">Felicitas Hoppe</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">2013</span> <a href="/wiki/Sibylle_Lewitscharoff" title="Sibylle Lewitscharoff">Sibylle Lewitscharoff</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">2014</span> <a href="/wiki/J%C3%BCrgen_Becker_(poet)" title="Jürgen Becker (poet)">Jürgen Becker</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">2015</span> <a href="/wiki/Rainald_Goetz" title="Rainald Goetz">Rainald Goetz</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">2016</span> <a href="/wiki/Marcel_Beyer" title="Marcel Beyer">Marcel Beyer</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">2017</span> <a href="/wiki/Jan_Wagner_(poet)" title="Jan Wagner (poet)">Jan Wagner</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">2018</span> <a href="/wiki/Ter%C3%A9zia_Mora" title="Terézia Mora">Terézia Mora</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">2019</span> <a href="/wiki/Lukas_B%C3%A4rfuss" title="Lukas Bärfuss">Lukas Bärfuss</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">2020</span> <a href="/wiki/Elke_Erb" title="Elke Erb">Elke Erb</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">2021</span> <a href="/wiki/Clemens_J._Setz" title="Clemens J. Setz">Clemens J. Setz</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">2022</span> <a href="/wiki/Emine_Sevgi_%C3%96zdamar" title="Emine Sevgi Özdamar">Emine Sevgi Özdamar</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">2023</span> <a href="/wiki/Lutz_Seiler" title="Lutz Seiler">Lutz Seiler</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">2024</span> <a href="/wiki/Oswald_Egger" title="Oswald Egger">Oswald Egger</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Recipients_of_the_Sonning_Prize35" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sonning_Prize_laureates" title="Template:Sonning Prize laureates"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sonning_Prize_laureates" title="Template talk:Sonning Prize laureates"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sonning_Prize_laureates" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sonning Prize laureates"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Recipients_of_the_Sonning_Prize35" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Recipients of the <a href="/wiki/Sonning_Prize" title="Sonning Prize">Sonning Prize</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a> (1950)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Albert_Schweitzer" title="Albert Schweitzer">Albert Schweitzer</a> (1959)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell">Bertrand Russell</a> (1960)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Niels_Bohr" title="Niels Bohr">Niels Bohr</a> (1961)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alvar_Aalto" title="Alvar Aalto">Alvar Aalto</a> (1962)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Karl_Barth" title="Karl Barth">Karl Barth</a> (1963)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dominique_Pire" title="Dominique Pire">Dominique Pire</a> (1964)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Richard_von_Coudenhove-Kalergi" title="Richard von Coudenhove-Kalergi">Richard von Coudenhove-Kalergi</a> (1965)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Laurence_Olivier" title="Laurence Olivier">Laurence Olivier</a> (1966)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Willem_Visser_%27t_Hooft" title="Willem Visser 't Hooft">Willem Visser 't Hooft</a> (1967)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Koestler" title="Arthur Koestler">Arthur Koestler</a> (1968)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Halld%C3%B3r_Laxness" title="Halldór Laxness">Halldór Laxness</a> (1969)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Max_Tau" title="Max Tau">Max Tau</a> (1970)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Danilo_Dolci" title="Danilo Dolci">Danilo Dolci</a> (1971)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Karl_Popper" title="Karl Popper">Karl Popper</a> (1973)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hannah_Arendt" title="Hannah Arendt">Hannah Arendt</a> (1975)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arne_N%C3%A6ss" title="Arne Næss">Arne Næss</a> (1977)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Gmeiner" title="Hermann Gmeiner">Hermann Gmeiner</a> (1979)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dario_Fo" title="Dario Fo">Dario Fo</a> (1981)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Simone_de_Beauvoir" title="Simone de Beauvoir">Simone de Beauvoir</a> (1983)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Heinesen" title="William Heinesen">William Heinesen</a> (1985)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/J%C3%BCrgen_Habermas" title="Jürgen Habermas">Jürgen Habermas</a> (1987)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ingmar_Bergman" title="Ingmar Bergman">Ingmar Bergman</a> (1989)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A1clav_Havel" title="Václav Havel">Václav Havel</a> (1991)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Krzysztof_Kie%C5%9Blowski" title="Krzysztof Kieślowski">Krzysztof Kieślowski</a> (1994)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Günter Grass</a> (1996)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B8rn_Utzon" title="Jørn Utzon">Jørn Utzon</a> (1998)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eugenio_Barba" title="Eugenio Barba">Eugenio Barba</a> (2000)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mary_Robinson" title="Mary Robinson">Mary Robinson</a> (2002)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mona_Hatoum" title="Mona Hatoum">Mona Hatoum</a> (2004)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%C3%81gnes_Heller" title="Ágnes Heller">Ágnes Heller</a> (2006)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Renzo_Piano" title="Renzo Piano">Renzo Piano</a> (2008)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hans_Magnus_Enzensberger" title="Hans Magnus Enzensberger">Hans Magnus Enzensberger</a> (2010)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Orhan_Pamuk" title="Orhan Pamuk">Orhan Pamuk</a> (2012)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Haneke" title="Michael Haneke">Michael Haneke</a> (2014)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lars_von_Trier" title="Lars von Trier">Lars von Trier</a> (2018)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Svetlana_Alexievich" title="Svetlana Alexievich">Svetlana Alexievich</a> (2021)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Marina_Abramovi%C4%87" title="Marina Abramović">Marina Abramović</a> (2023)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Laureates_of_the_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature168" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Template:Nobel Prize in Literature"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Template talk:Nobel Prize in Literature"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nobel Prize in Literature"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Laureates_of_the_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature168" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates_in_Literature" title="List of Nobel laureates in Literature">Laureates</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Nobel Prize in Literature</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1901–1920</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1901_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1901 Nobel Prize in Literature">1901</a>: <a href="/wiki/Sully_Prudhomme" title="Sully Prudhomme">Sully Prudhomme</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1902_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1902 Nobel Prize in Literature">1902</a>: <a href="/wiki/Theodor_Mommsen" title="Theodor Mommsen">Theodor Mommsen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1903_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1903 Nobel Prize in Literature">1903</a>: <a href="/wiki/Bj%C3%B8rnstjerne_Bj%C3%B8rnson" title="Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson">Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1904_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1904 Nobel Prize in Literature">1904</a>: <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Mistral" title="Frédéric Mistral">Frédéric Mistral</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Echegaray" title="José Echegaray">José Echegaray</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1905_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1905 Nobel Prize in Literature">1905</a>: <a href="/wiki/Henryk_Sienkiewicz" title="Henryk Sienkiewicz">Henryk Sienkiewicz</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1906_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1906 Nobel Prize in Literature">1906</a>: <a href="/wiki/Giosu%C3%A8_Carducci" title="Giosuè Carducci">Giosuè Carducci</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1907_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1907 Nobel Prize in Literature">1907</a>: <a href="/wiki/Rudyard_Kipling" title="Rudyard Kipling">Rudyard Kipling</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1908_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1908 Nobel Prize in Literature">1908</a>: <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Christoph_Eucken" title="Rudolf Christoph Eucken">Rudolf Eucken</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1909_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1909 Nobel Prize in Literature">1909</a>: <a href="/wiki/Selma_Lagerl%C3%B6f" title="Selma Lagerlöf">Selma Lagerlöf</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1910_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1910 Nobel Prize in Literature">1910</a>: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Heyse" title="Paul Heyse">Paul Heyse</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1911_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1911 Nobel Prize in Literature">1911</a>: <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Maeterlinck" title="Maurice Maeterlinck">Maurice Maeterlinck</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1912_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1912 Nobel Prize in Literature">1912</a>: <a href="/wiki/Gerhart_Hauptmann" title="Gerhart Hauptmann">Gerhart Hauptmann</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1913_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1913 Nobel Prize in Literature">1913</a>: <a href="/wiki/Rabindranath_Tagore" title="Rabindranath Tagore">Rabindranath Tagore</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey"><a href="/wiki/1914_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1914 Nobel Prize in Literature">1914</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1915_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1915 Nobel Prize in Literature">1915</a>: <a href="/wiki/Romain_Rolland" title="Romain Rolland">Romain Rolland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1916_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1916 Nobel Prize in Literature">1916</a>: <a href="/wiki/Verner_von_Heidenstam" title="Verner von Heidenstam">Verner von Heidenstam</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1917_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1917 Nobel Prize in Literature">1917</a>: <a href="/wiki/Karl_Adolph_Gjellerup" title="Karl Adolph Gjellerup">Karl Gjellerup</a> / <a href="/wiki/Henrik_Pontoppidan" title="Henrik Pontoppidan">Henrik Pontoppidan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey"><a href="/wiki/1918_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1918 Nobel Prize in Literature">1918</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1919_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1919 Nobel Prize in Literature">1919</a>: <a href="/wiki/Carl_Spitteler" title="Carl Spitteler">Carl Spitteler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1920_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1920 Nobel Prize in Literature">1920</a>: <a href="/wiki/Knut_Hamsun" title="Knut Hamsun">Knut Hamsun</a></span></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/80px-Nobel_Prize.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/120px-Nobel_Prize.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/160px-Nobel_Prize.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="492" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1921–1940</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1921_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1921 Nobel Prize in Literature">1921</a>: <a href="/wiki/Anatole_France" title="Anatole France">Anatole France</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1922_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1922 Nobel Prize in Literature">1922</a>: <a href="/wiki/Jacinto_Benavente" title="Jacinto Benavente">Jacinto Benavente</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1923_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1923 Nobel Prize in Literature">1923</a>: <a href="/wiki/W._B._Yeats" title="W. B. Yeats">W. B. Yeats</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1923_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1923 Nobel Prize in Literature">1924</a>: <a href="/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Reymont" title="Władysław Reymont">Władysław Reymont</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1925_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1925 Nobel Prize in Literature">1925</a>: <a href="/wiki/George_Bernard_Shaw" title="George Bernard Shaw">George Bernard Shaw</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1926_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1926 Nobel Prize in Literature">1926</a>: <a href="/wiki/Grazia_Deledda" title="Grazia Deledda">Grazia Deledda</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1927_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1927 Nobel Prize in Literature">1927</a>: <a href="/wiki/Henri_Bergson" title="Henri Bergson">Henri Bergson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1928_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1928 Nobel Prize in Literature">1928</a>: <a href="/wiki/Sigrid_Undset" title="Sigrid Undset">Sigrid Undset</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1929_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1929 Nobel Prize in Literature">1929</a>: <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Mann" title="Thomas Mann">Thomas Mann</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1930_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1930 Nobel Prize in Literature">1930</a>: <a href="/wiki/Sinclair_Lewis" title="Sinclair Lewis">Sinclair Lewis</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1931_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1931 Nobel Prize in Literature">1931</a>: <a href="/wiki/Erik_Axel_Karlfeldt" title="Erik Axel Karlfeldt">Erik Axel Karlfeldt</a> (<i>posthumously</i>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1932_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1932 Nobel Prize in Literature">1932</a>: <a href="/wiki/John_Galsworthy" title="John Galsworthy">John Galsworthy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1933_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1933 Nobel Prize in Literature">1933</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Bunin" title="Ivan Bunin">Ivan Bunin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1934_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1934 Nobel Prize in Literature">1934</a>: <a href="/wiki/Luigi_Pirandello" title="Luigi Pirandello">Luigi Pirandello</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey"><a href="/wiki/1935_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1935 Nobel Prize in Literature">1935</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1936_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1936 Nobel Prize in Literature">1936</a>: <a href="/wiki/Eugene_O%27Neill" title="Eugene O'Neill">Eugene O'Neill</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1937_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1937 Nobel Prize in Literature">1937</a>: <a href="/wiki/Roger_Martin_du_Gard" title="Roger Martin du Gard">Roger Martin du Gard</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1938_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1938 Nobel Prize in Literature">1938</a>: <a href="/wiki/Pearl_S._Buck" title="Pearl S. Buck">Pearl S. Buck</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1939_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1939 Nobel Prize in Literature">1939</a>: <a href="/wiki/Frans_Eemil_Sillanp%C3%A4%C3%A4" title="Frans Eemil Sillanpää">Frans Eemil Sillanpää</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey"><a href="/wiki/1940_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1940 Nobel Prize in Literature">1940</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1941–1960</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey"><a href="/wiki/1941_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1941 Nobel Prize in Literature">1941</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey"><a href="/wiki/1942_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1942 Nobel Prize in Literature">1942</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey"><a href="/wiki/1943_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1943 Nobel Prize in Literature">1943</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1944_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1944 Nobel Prize in Literature">1944</a>: <a href="/wiki/Johannes_V._Jensen" title="Johannes V. Jensen">Johannes V. Jensen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1945_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1945 Nobel Prize in Literature">1945</a>: <a href="/wiki/Gabriela_Mistral" title="Gabriela Mistral">Gabriela Mistral</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1946_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1946 Nobel Prize in Literature">1946</a>: <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Hesse" title="Hermann Hesse">Hermann Hesse</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1947_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1947 Nobel Prize in Literature">1947</a>: <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Gide" title="André Gide">André Gide</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1948_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1948 Nobel Prize in Literature">1948</a>: <a href="/wiki/T._S._Eliot" title="T. S. Eliot">T. S. Eliot</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1949_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1949 Nobel Prize in Literature">1949</a>: <a href="/wiki/William_Faulkner" title="William Faulkner">William Faulkner</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1950_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1950 Nobel Prize in Literature">1950</a>: <a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell">Bertrand Russell</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1951_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1951 Nobel Prize in Literature">1951</a>: <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A4r_Lagerkvist" title="Pär Lagerkvist">Pär Lagerkvist</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1952_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1952 Nobel Prize in Literature">1952</a>: <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Mauriac" title="François Mauriac">François Mauriac</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1953_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1953 Nobel Prize in Literature">1953</a>: <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1954_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1954 Nobel Prize in Literature">1954</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Hemingway" title="Ernest Hemingway">Ernest Hemingway</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1955_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1955 Nobel Prize in Literature">1955</a>: <a href="/wiki/Halld%C3%B3r_Laxness" title="Halldór Laxness">Halldór Laxness</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1956_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1956 Nobel Prize in Literature">1956</a>: <a href="/wiki/Juan_Ram%C3%B3n_Jim%C3%A9nez" title="Juan Ramón Jiménez">Juan Ramón Jiménez</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1957_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1957 Nobel Prize in Literature">1957</a>: <a href="/wiki/Albert_Camus" title="Albert Camus">Albert Camus</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1958_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1958 Nobel Prize in Literature">1958</a>: <a href="/wiki/Boris_Pasternak" title="Boris Pasternak">Boris Pasternak</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1959_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1959 Nobel Prize in Literature">1959</a>: <a href="/wiki/Salvatore_Quasimodo" title="Salvatore Quasimodo">Salvatore Quasimodo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1960_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1960 Nobel Prize in Literature">1960</a>: <a href="/wiki/Saint-John_Perse" title="Saint-John Perse">Saint-John Perse</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1961–1980</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1961_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1961 Nobel Prize in Literature">1961</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ivo_Andri%C4%87" title="Ivo Andrić">Ivo Andrić</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1962_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1962 Nobel Prize in Literature">1962</a>: <a href="/wiki/John_Steinbeck" title="John Steinbeck">John Steinbeck</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1963_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1963 Nobel Prize in Literature">1963</a>: <a href="/wiki/Giorgos_Seferis" title="Giorgos Seferis">Giorgos Seferis</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1964_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1964 Nobel Prize in Literature">1964</a>: <a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_Sartre" title="Jean-Paul Sartre">Jean-Paul Sartre</a> (declined award)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1965_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1965 Nobel Prize in Literature">1965</a>: <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Sholokhov" title="Mikhail Sholokhov">Mikhail Sholokhov</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1966_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1966 Nobel Prize in Literature">1966</a>: <a href="/wiki/Shmuel_Yosef_Agnon" title="Shmuel Yosef Agnon">Shmuel Yosef Agnon</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nelly_Sachs" title="Nelly Sachs">Nelly Sachs</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1967_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1967 Nobel Prize in Literature">1967</a>: <a href="/wiki/Miguel_%C3%81ngel_Asturias" title="Miguel Ángel Asturias">Miguel Ángel Asturias</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1968_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1968 Nobel Prize in Literature">1968</a>: <a href="/wiki/Yasunari_Kawabata" title="Yasunari Kawabata">Yasunari Kawabata</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1969_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1969 Nobel Prize in Literature">1969</a>: <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Beckett" title="Samuel Beckett">Samuel Beckett</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1970_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1970 Nobel Prize in Literature">1970</a>: <a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Solzhenitsyn" title="Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn">Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1971_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1971 Nobel Prize in Literature">1971</a>: <a href="/wiki/Pablo_Neruda" title="Pablo Neruda">Pablo Neruda</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1972_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1972 Nobel Prize in Literature">1972</a>: <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll" title="Heinrich Böll">Heinrich Böll</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1973_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1973 Nobel Prize in Literature">1973</a>: <a href="/wiki/Patrick_White" title="Patrick White">Patrick White</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1974_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1974 Nobel Prize in Literature">1974</a>: <a href="/wiki/Eyvind_Johnson" title="Eyvind Johnson">Eyvind Johnson</a> / <a href="/wiki/Harry_Martinson" title="Harry Martinson">Harry Martinson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1975_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1975 Nobel Prize in Literature">1975</a>: <a href="/wiki/Eugenio_Montale" title="Eugenio Montale">Eugenio Montale</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1976_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1976 Nobel Prize in Literature">1976</a>: <a href="/wiki/Saul_Bellow" title="Saul Bellow">Saul Bellow</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1977_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1977 Nobel Prize in Literature">1977</a>: <a href="/wiki/Vicente_Aleixandre" title="Vicente Aleixandre">Vicente Aleixandre</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1978_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1978 Nobel Prize in Literature">1978</a>: <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Bashevis_Singer" title="Isaac Bashevis Singer">Isaac Bashevis Singer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1979_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1979 Nobel Prize in Literature">1979</a>: <a href="/wiki/Odysseas_Elytis" title="Odysseas Elytis">Odysseas Elytis</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1980_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1980 Nobel Prize in Literature">1980</a>: <a href="/wiki/Czes%C5%82aw_Mi%C5%82osz" title="Czesław Miłosz">Czesław Miłosz</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1981–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1981_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1981 Nobel Prize in Literature">1981</a>: <a href="/wiki/Elias_Canetti" title="Elias Canetti">Elias Canetti</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1982_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1982 Nobel Prize in Literature">1982</a>: <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Garc%C3%ADa_M%C3%A1rquez" title="Gabriel García Márquez">Gabriel García Márquez</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1983_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1983 Nobel Prize in Literature">1983</a>: <a href="/wiki/William_Golding" title="William Golding">William Golding</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1984_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1984 Nobel Prize in Literature">1984</a>: <a href="/wiki/Jaroslav_Seifert" title="Jaroslav Seifert">Jaroslav Seifert</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1985_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1985 Nobel Prize in Literature">1985</a>: <a href="/wiki/Claude_Simon" title="Claude Simon">Claude Simon</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1986_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1986 Nobel Prize in Literature">1986</a>: <a href="/wiki/Wole_Soyinka" title="Wole Soyinka">Wole Soyinka</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1987_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1987 Nobel Prize in Literature">1987</a>: <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Brodsky" title="Joseph Brodsky">Joseph Brodsky</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1988_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1988 Nobel Prize in Literature">1988</a>: <a href="/wiki/Naguib_Mahfouz" title="Naguib Mahfouz">Naguib Mahfouz</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1989_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1989 Nobel Prize in Literature">1989</a>: <a href="/wiki/Camilo_Jos%C3%A9_Cela" title="Camilo José Cela">Camilo José Cela</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1990_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1990 Nobel Prize in Literature">1990</a>: <a href="/wiki/Octavio_Paz" title="Octavio Paz">Octavio Paz</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1991_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1991 Nobel Prize in Literature">1991</a>: <a href="/wiki/Nadine_Gordimer" title="Nadine Gordimer">Nadine Gordimer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1992_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1992 Nobel Prize in Literature">1992</a>: <a href="/wiki/Derek_Walcott" title="Derek Walcott">Derek Walcott</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1993_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1993 Nobel Prize in Literature">1993</a>: <a href="/wiki/Toni_Morrison" title="Toni Morrison">Toni Morrison</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1994_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1994 Nobel Prize in Literature">1994</a>: <a href="/wiki/Kenzabur%C5%8D_%C5%8Ce" title="Kenzaburō Ōe">Kenzaburō Ōe</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1995_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1995 Nobel Prize in Literature">1995</a>: <a href="/wiki/Seamus_Heaney" title="Seamus Heaney">Seamus Heaney</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1996_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1996 Nobel Prize in Literature">1996</a>: <a href="/wiki/Wis%C5%82awa_Szymborska" title="Wisława Szymborska">Wisława Szymborska</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1997_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1997 Nobel Prize in Literature">1997</a>: <a href="/wiki/Dario_Fo" title="Dario Fo">Dario Fo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1998_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1998 Nobel Prize in Literature">1998</a>: <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Saramago" title="José Saramago">José Saramago</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1999_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1999 Nobel Prize in Literature">1999</a>: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Günter Grass</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2000_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2000 Nobel Prize in Literature">2000</a>: <a href="/wiki/Gao_Xingjian" title="Gao Xingjian">Gao Xingjian</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001–2020</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2001_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2001 Nobel Prize in Literature">2001</a>: <a href="/wiki/V._S._Naipaul" title="V. S. Naipaul">V. S. Naipaul</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2002_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2002 Nobel Prize in Literature">2002</a>: <a href="/wiki/Imre_Kert%C3%A9sz" title="Imre Kertész">Imre Kertész</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2003_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2003 Nobel Prize in Literature">2003</a>: <a href="/wiki/J._M._Coetzee" title="J. M. Coetzee">J. M. Coetzee</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2004_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2004 Nobel Prize in Literature">2004</a>: <a href="/wiki/Elfriede_Jelinek" title="Elfriede Jelinek">Elfriede Jelinek</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2005_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2005 Nobel Prize in Literature">2005</a>: <a href="/wiki/Harold_Pinter" title="Harold Pinter">Harold Pinter</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2006_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2006 Nobel Prize in Literature">2006</a>: <a href="/wiki/Orhan_Pamuk" title="Orhan Pamuk">Orhan Pamuk</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2007_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2007 Nobel Prize in Literature">2007</a>: <a href="/wiki/Doris_Lessing" title="Doris Lessing">Doris Lessing</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2008_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2008 Nobel Prize in Literature">2008</a>: <a href="/wiki/J._M._G._Le_Cl%C3%A9zio" title="J. M. G. Le Clézio">J. M. G. Le Clézio</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2009_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2009 Nobel Prize in Literature">2009</a>: <a href="/wiki/Herta_M%C3%BCller" title="Herta Müller">Herta Müller</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2010_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2010 Nobel Prize in Literature">2010</a>: <a href="/wiki/Mario_Vargas_Llosa" title="Mario Vargas Llosa">Mario Vargas Llosa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2011_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2011 Nobel Prize in Literature">2011</a>: <a href="/wiki/Tomas_Transtr%C3%B6mer" title="Tomas Tranströmer">Tomas Tranströmer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2012_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2012 Nobel Prize in Literature">2012</a>: <a href="/wiki/Mo_Yan" title="Mo Yan">Mo Yan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2013_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2013 Nobel Prize in Literature">2013</a>: <a href="/wiki/Alice_Munro" title="Alice Munro">Alice Munro</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2014_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2014 Nobel Prize in Literature">2014</a>: <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Modiano" title="Patrick Modiano">Patrick Modiano</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2015_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2015 Nobel Prize in Literature">2015</a>: <a href="/wiki/Svetlana_Alexievich" title="Svetlana Alexievich">Svetlana Alexievich</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2016_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2016 Nobel Prize in Literature">2016</a>: <a href="/wiki/Bob_Dylan" title="Bob Dylan">Bob Dylan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2017_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2017 Nobel Prize in Literature">2017</a>: <a href="/wiki/Kazuo_Ishiguro" title="Kazuo Ishiguro">Kazuo Ishiguro</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2018_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2018 Nobel Prize in Literature">2018</a>: <a href="/wiki/Olga_Tokarczuk" title="Olga Tokarczuk">Olga Tokarczuk</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2019_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2019 Nobel Prize in Literature">2019</a>: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Handke" title="Peter Handke">Peter Handke</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2020_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2020 Nobel Prize in Literature">2020</a>: <a href="/wiki/Louise_Gl%C3%BCck" title="Louise Glück">Louise Glück</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2021–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2021_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2021 Nobel Prize in Literature">2021</a>: <a href="/wiki/Abdulrazak_Gurnah" title="Abdulrazak Gurnah">Abdulrazak Gurnah</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2022_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2022 Nobel Prize in Literature">2022</a>: <a href="/wiki/Annie_Ernaux" title="Annie Ernaux">Annie Ernaux</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2023_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2023 Nobel Prize in Literature">2023</a>: <a href="/wiki/Jon_Fosse" title="Jon Fosse">Jon Fosse</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2024_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2024 Nobel Prize in Literature">2024</a>: <a href="/wiki/Han_Kang" title="Han Kang">Han Kang</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2025_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2025 Nobel Prize in Literature">2025</a>: <i>to be determined</i></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="1999_Nobel_Prize_laureates753" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1999_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1999 Nobel Prize winners"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:1999_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template talk:1999 Nobel Prize winners"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:1999_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Special:EditPage/Template:1999 Nobel Prize winners"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="1999_Nobel_Prize_laureates753" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">1999 <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize" title="Nobel Prize">Nobel Prize</a> laureates</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Nobel Prize in Chemistry">Chemistry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Zewail" title="Ahmed Zewail">Ahmed Zewail</a> (Egypt)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Literature</a> (<a href="/wiki/1999_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1999 Nobel Prize in Literature">1999</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Günter Grass</a> (Germany)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Peace</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9decins_Sans_Fronti%C3%A8res" title="Médecins Sans Frontières">Médecins Sans Frontières</a> (Switzerland)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Nobel Prize in Physics">Physics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gerard_%27t_Hooft" title="Gerard 't Hooft">Gerard 't Hooft</a> (Netherlands)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martinus_J._G._Veltman" title="Martinus J. G. Veltman">Martinus J. G. Veltman</a> (Netherlands)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine" title="Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine">Physiology or Medicine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Blobel" title="Günter Blobel">Günter Blobel</a> (Germany/United States)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences" title="Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences">Economic Sciences</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Mundell" title="Robert Mundell">Robert Mundell</a> (Canada)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates" title="List of Nobel laureates">Nobel Prize recipients</a></span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/1994_Nobel_Prizes" title="1994 Nobel Prizes">1994</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/1995_Nobel_Prizes" title="1995 Nobel Prizes">1995</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/1996_Nobel_Prizes" title="1996 Nobel Prizes">1996</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/1997_Nobel_Prizes" title="1997 Nobel Prizes">1997</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/1998_Nobel_Prizes" title="1998 Nobel Prizes">1998</a></dd> <dd><b>1999 </b></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2000_Nobel_Prizes" title="2000 Nobel Prizes">2000</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2001_Nobel_Prizes" title="2001 Nobel Prizes">2001</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2002_Nobel_Prizes" title="2002 Nobel Prizes">2002</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2003_Nobel_Prizes" title="2003 Nobel Prizes">2003</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2004_Nobel_Prizes" title="2004 Nobel Prizes">2004</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Laureates_of_the_Prince_or_Princess_of_Asturias_Award_for_Literature100" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#99d6ff;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Princess_of_Asturias_Award_for_Literature" title="Template:Princess of Asturias Award for Literature"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Princess_of_Asturias_Award_for_Literature" title="Template talk:Princess of Asturias Award for Literature"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Princess_of_Asturias_Award_for_Literature" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Princess of Asturias Award for Literature"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Laureates_of_the_Prince_or_Princess_of_Asturias_Award_for_Literature100" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Laureates of the <a href="/wiki/Princess_of_Asturias_Awards" title="Princess of Asturias Awards">Prince or Princess of Asturias Award</a> for Literature</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#addeff;"><div id="Prince_of_Asturias_Award_for_Literature39" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Prince of Asturias Award for Literature</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1981: <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Hierro" title="José Hierro">José Hierro</a></li> <li>1982: <a href="/wiki/Miguel_Delibes" title="Miguel Delibes">Miguel Delibes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gonzalo_Torrente_Ballester" title="Gonzalo Torrente Ballester">Gonzalo Torrente Ballester</a></li> <li>1983: <a href="/wiki/Juan_Rulfo" title="Juan Rulfo">Juan Rulfo</a></li> <li>1984: <a href="/wiki/Pablo_Garc%C3%ADa_Baena" title="Pablo García Baena">Pablo García Baena</a></li> <li>1985: <a href="/wiki/%C3%81ngel_Gonz%C3%A1lez_Mu%C3%B1iz" title="Ángel González Muñiz">Ángel González</a></li> <li>1986: <a href="/wiki/Mario_Vargas_Llosa" title="Mario Vargas Llosa">Mario Vargas Llosa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rafael_Lapesa" title="Rafael Lapesa">Rafael Lapesa</a></li> <li>1987: <a href="/wiki/Camilo_Jos%C3%A9_Cela" title="Camilo José Cela">Camilo José Cela</a></li> <li>1988: <a href="/wiki/Carmen_Mart%C3%ADn_Gaite" title="Carmen Martín Gaite">Carmen Martín Gaite</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_%C3%81ngel_Valente" title="José Ángel Valente">José Ángel Valente</a></li> <li>1989: <a href="/wiki/Ricardo_Gull%C3%B3n" title="Ricardo Gullón">Ricardo Gullón</a></li> <li>1990: <a href="/wiki/Arturo_Uslar_Pietri" title="Arturo Uslar Pietri">Arturo Uslar Pietri</a></li> <li>1991: The people of Puerto Rico</li> <li>1992: <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Nieva" title="Francisco Nieva">Francisco Nieva</a></li> <li>1993: <a href="/wiki/Claudio_Rodr%C3%ADguez_(poet)" title="Claudio Rodríguez (poet)">Claudio Rodríguez</a></li> <li>1994: <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Fuentes" title="Carlos Fuentes">Carlos Fuentes</a></li> <li>1995: <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Bouso%C3%B1o" title="Carlos Bousoño">Carlos Bousoño</a></li> <li>1996: <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Umbral" title="Francisco Umbral">Francisco Umbral</a></li> <li>1997: <a href="/wiki/%C3%81lvaro_Mutis" title="Álvaro Mutis">Álvaro Mutis</a></li> <li>1998: <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Ayala_(novelist)" title="Francisco Ayala (novelist)">Francisco Ayala</a></li> <li>1999: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Günter Grass</a></li> <li>2000: <a href="/wiki/Augusto_Monterroso" title="Augusto Monterroso">Augusto Monterroso</a></li> <li>2001: <a href="/wiki/Doris_Lessing" title="Doris Lessing">Doris Lessing</a></li> <li>2002: <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Miller" title="Arthur Miller">Arthur Miller</a></li> <li>2003: <a href="/wiki/Fatema_Mernissi" title="Fatema Mernissi">Fatema Mernissi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Susan_Sontag" title="Susan Sontag">Susan Sontag</a></li> <li>2004: <a href="/wiki/Claudio_Magris" title="Claudio Magris">Claudio Magris</a></li> <li>2005: <a href="/wiki/N%C3%A9lida_Pi%C3%B1on" title="Nélida Piñon">Nélida Piñon</a></li> <li>2006: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Auster" title="Paul Auster">Paul Auster</a></li> <li>2007: <a href="/wiki/Amos_Oz" title="Amos Oz">Amos Oz</a></li> <li>2008: <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Atwood" title="Margaret Atwood">Margaret Atwood</a></li> <li>2009: <a href="/wiki/Ismail_Kadare" title="Ismail Kadare">Ismail Kadare</a></li> <li>2010: <a href="/wiki/Amin_Maalouf" title="Amin Maalouf">Amin Maalouf</a></li> <li>2011: <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Cohen" title="Leonard Cohen">Leonard Cohen</a></li> <li>2012: <a href="/wiki/Philip_Roth" title="Philip Roth">Philip Roth</a></li> <li>2013: <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Mu%C3%B1oz_Molina" title="Antonio Muñoz Molina">Antonio Muñoz Molina</a></li> <li>2014: <a href="/wiki/John_Banville" title="John Banville">John Banville</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#addeff;"><div id="Princess_of_Asturias_Award_for_Literature41" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Princess of Asturias Award for Literature</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2015: <a href="/wiki/Leonardo_Padura_Fuentes" title="Leonardo Padura Fuentes">Leonardo Padura</a></li> <li>2016: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Ford" title="Richard Ford">Richard Ford</a></li> <li>2017: <a href="/wiki/Adam_Zagajewski" title="Adam Zagajewski">Adam Zagajewski</a></li> <li>2018: <a href="/wiki/Fred_Vargas" title="Fred Vargas">Fred Vargas</a></li> <li>2019: <a href="/wiki/Siri_Hustvedt" title="Siri Hustvedt">Siri Hustvedt</a></li> <li>2020: <a href="/wiki/Anne_Carson" title="Anne Carson">Anne Carson</a></li> <li>2021: <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Carr%C3%A8re" title="Emmanuel Carrère">Emmanuel Carrère</a></li> <li>2022: <a href="/wiki/Juan_Mayorga" title="Juan Mayorga">Juan Mayorga</a></li> <li>2023: <a href="/wiki/Haruki_Murakami" title="Haruki Murakami">Haruki Murakami</a></li> <li>2024: <a href="/wiki/Ana_Blandiana" title="Ana Blandiana">Ana Blandiana</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="German-language_literature213" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:German_literature" title="Template:German literature"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:German_literature" title="Template talk:German literature"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:German_literature" title="Special:EditPage/Template:German literature"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="German-language_literature213" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/German_literature" title="German literature">German-language literature</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Germany" title="History of Germany">History of Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Austria" title="History of Austria">History of Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Switzerland" title="History of Switzerland">History of Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Liechtenstein" title="History of Liechtenstein">History of Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_High_German_literature" title="Old High German literature">Old High German literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_High_German_literature" title="Middle High German literature">Middle High German literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_New_High_German_literature" title="Early New High German literature">Early New High German literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sturm_und_Drang" title="Sturm und Drang">Sturm und Drang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weimar_Classicism" title="Weimar Classicism">Weimar Classicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanticism" title="Romanticism">Romanticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literary_realism" title="Literary realism">Literary realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weimar_culture" title="Weimar culture">Weimar culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exilliteratur" title="Exilliteratur">Exilliteratur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_literature" title="Austrian literature">Austrian literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_literature" title="Swiss literature">Swiss literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_studies" title="German studies">German studies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related categories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Austrian_writers" title="Category:Austrian writers">Austrian writers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:German_writers" title="Category:German writers">German writers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Liechtenstein_writers" title="Category:Liechtenstein writers">Liechtenstein writers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Swiss_writers_in_German" title="Category:Swiss writers in German">Swiss writers in German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Translators_of_William_Shakespeare" title="Category:Translators of William Shakespeare">Category:Translators of William Shakespeare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Reformation_literature" title="Template:Reformation literature">Reformation era literature</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Medieval</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minnesang" title="Minnesang">Minnesang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_courtly_romance" title="German courtly romance">Courtly romance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Der_von_K%C3%BCrenberg" title="Der von Kürenberg">Der von Kürenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dietmar_von_Aist" title="Dietmar von Aist">Dietmar von Aist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reinmar_von_Hagenau" title="Reinmar von Hagenau">Reinmar von Hagenau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hartmann_von_Aue" title="Hartmann von Aue">Hartmann von Aue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walther_von_der_Vogelweide" title="Walther von der Vogelweide">Walther von der Vogelweide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolfram_von_Eschenbach" title="Wolfram von Eschenbach">Wolfram von Eschenbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albrecht_von_Johansdorf" title="Albrecht von Johansdorf">Albrecht von Johansdorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_von_Morungen" title="Heinrich von Morungen">Heinrich von Morungen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gottfried_von_Strassburg" title="Gottfried von Strassburg">Gottfried von Strassburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dietrich_von_Bern" title="Dietrich von Bern">Dietrich von Bern</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nibelungenlied" title="Nibelungenlied">Nibelungenlied</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Early modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Dach" title="Simon Dach">Simon Dach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Fleming_(poet)" title="Paul Fleming (poet)">Paul Fleming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Folz" title="Hans Folz">Hans Folz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Jakob_Christoffel_von_Grimmelshausen" title="Hans Jakob Christoffel von Grimmelshausen">Hans Jakob Christoffel von Grimmelshausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andreas_Gryphius" title="Andreas Gryphius">Andreas Gryphius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Hoffmann_von_Hoffmannswaldau" title="Christian Hoffmann von Hoffmannswaldau">Christian Hoffmann von Hoffmannswaldau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Michael_Moscherosch" title="Johann Michael Moscherosch">Johann Michael Moscherosch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Opitz" title="Martin Opitz">Martin Opitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Sachs" title="Hans Sachs">Hans Sachs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angelus_Silesius" title="Angelus Silesius">Angelus Silesius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Ulrich,_Duke_of_Brunswick" title="Anthony Ulrich, Duke of Brunswick">Anthony Ulrich, Duke of Brunswick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Wickram" title="Georg Wickram">Georg Wickram</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">18th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barthold_Heinrich_Brockes" title="Barthold Heinrich Brockes">Barthold Heinrich Brockes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_F%C3%BCrchtegott_Gellert" title="Christian Fürchtegott Gellert">Christian Gellert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Wolfgang_von_Goethe" title="Johann Wolfgang von Goethe">Johann Wolfgang von Goethe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Christoph_Gottsched" title="Johann Christoph Gottsched">Johann Christoph Gottsched</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Christian_G%C3%BCnther" title="Johann Christian Günther">Johann Christian Günther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_H%C3%B6lderlin" title="Friedrich Hölderlin">Friedrich Hölderlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Gottlieb_Klopstock" title="Friedrich Gottlieb Klopstock">Friedrich Gottlieb Klopstock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakob_Michael_Reinhold_Lenz" title="Jakob Michael Reinhold Lenz">Jakob Michael Reinhold Lenz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gotthold_Ephraim_Lessing" title="Gotthold Ephraim Lessing">Gotthold Ephraim Lessing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novalis" title="Novalis">Novalis</a> (Friedrich von Hardenberg)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Paul" title="Jean Paul">Jean Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Schiller" title="Friedrich Schiller">Friedrich Schiller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Gottfried_Schnabel" title="Johann Gottfried Schnabel">Johann Gottfried Schnabel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christoph_Martin_Wieland" title="Christoph Martin Wieland">Christoph Martin Wieland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">19th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bettina_von_Arnim" title="Bettina von Arnim">Bettina von Arnim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achim_von_Arnim" title="Achim von Arnim">Achim von Arnim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clemens_Brentano" title="Clemens Brentano">Clemens Brentano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_B%C3%BCchner" title="Georg Büchner">Georg Büchner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adelbert_von_Chamisso" title="Adelbert von Chamisso">Adelbert von Chamisso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annette_von_Droste-H%C3%BClshoff" title="Annette von Droste-Hülshoff">Annette von Droste-Hülshoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_von_Ebner-Eschenbach" title="Marie von Ebner-Eschenbach">Marie von Ebner-Eschenbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Freiherr_von_Eichendorff" title="Joseph Freiherr von Eichendorff">Joseph von Eichendorff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodor_Fontane" title="Theodor Fontane">Theodor Fontane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustav_Freytag" title="Gustav Freytag">Gustav Freytag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremias_Gotthelf" title="Jeremias Gotthelf">Jeremias Gotthelf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Grillparzer" title="Franz Grillparzer">Franz Grillparzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Grimm" title="Jacob Grimm">Jacob Grimm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Grimm" title="Wilhelm Grimm">Wilhelm Grimm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerhart_Hauptmann" title="Gerhart Hauptmann">Gerhart Hauptmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Friedrich_Hebbel" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian Friedrich Hebbel">Christian Friedrich Hebbel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Peter_Hebel" title="Johann Peter Hebel">Johann Peter Hebel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Heine" title="Heinrich Heine">Heinrich Heine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Herwegh" title="Georg Herwegh">Georg Herwegh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Heyse" title="Paul Heyse">Paul Heyse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._T._A._Hoffmann" title="E. T. A. Hoffmann">E. T. A. Hoffmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_H%C3%B6lderlin" title="Friedrich Hölderlin">Friedrich Hölderlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gottfried_Keller" title="Gottfried Keller">Gottfried Keller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_von_Kleist" title="Heinrich von Kleist">Heinrich von Kleist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolaus_Lenau" title="Nikolaus Lenau">Nikolaus Lenau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_May" title="Karl May">Karl May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conrad_Ferdinand_Meyer" title="Conrad Ferdinand Meyer">Conrad Ferdinand Meyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduard_M%C3%B6rike" title="Eduard Mörike">Eduard Mörike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Nestroy" title="Johann Nestroy">Johann Nestroy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Raabe" title="Wilhelm Raabe">Wilhelm Raabe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adalbert_Stifter" title="Adalbert Stifter">Adalbert Stifter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodor_Storm" title="Theodor Storm">Theodor Storm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Tieck" title="Ludwig Tieck">Ludwig Tieck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Uhland" title="Ludwig Uhland">Ludwig Uhland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">20th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/May_Ayim" title="May Ayim">May Ayim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingeborg_Bachmann" title="Ingeborg Bachmann">Ingeborg Bachmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Bahr" title="Hermann Bahr">Hermann Bahr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vicki_Baum" title="Vicki Baum">Vicki Baum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_R._Becher" title="Johannes R. Becher">Johannes R. Becher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gottfried_Benn" title="Gottfried Benn">Gottfried Benn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Bernhard" title="Thomas Bernhard">Thomas Bernhard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll" title="Heinrich Böll">Heinrich Böll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Brasch" title="Thomas Brasch">Thomas Brasch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volker_Braun" title="Volker Braun">Volker Braun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertolt_Brecht" title="Bertolt Brecht">Bertolt Brecht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolf_Dieter_Brinkmann" title="Rolf Dieter Brinkmann">Rolf Dieter Brinkmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Broch" title="Hermann Broch">Hermann Broch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnolt_Bronnen" title="Arnolt Bronnen">Arnolt Bronnen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Burger" title="Hermann Burger">Hermann Burger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elias_Canetti" title="Elias Canetti">Elias Canetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Celan" title="Paul Celan">Paul Celan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_D%C3%B6blin" title="Alfred Döblin">Alfred Döblin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heimito_von_Doderer" title="Heimito von Doderer">Heimito von Doderer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_D%C3%BCrrenmatt" title="Friedrich Dürrenmatt">Friedrich Dürrenmatt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lion_Feuchtwanger" title="Lion Feuchtwanger">Lion Feuchtwanger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marieluise_Flei%C3%9Fer" title="Marieluise Fleißer">Marieluise Fleißer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erich_Fried" title="Erich Fried">Erich Fried</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Frisch" title="Max Frisch">Max Frisch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stefan_George" title="Stefan George">Stefan George</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Günter Grass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Handke" title="Peter Handke">Peter Handke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marlen_Haushofer" title="Marlen Haushofer">Marlen Haushofer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Hesse" title="Hermann Hesse">Hermann Hesse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Heym" title="Georg Heym">Georg Heym</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Hilbig" title="Wolfgang Hilbig">Wolfgang Hilbig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugo_von_Hofmannsthal" title="Hugo von Hofmannsthal">Hugo von Hofmannsthal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%96d%C3%B6n_von_Horv%C3%A1th" title="Ödön von Horváth">Ödön von Horváth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ricarda_Huch" title="Ricarda Huch">Ricarda Huch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Huchel" title="Peter Huchel">Peter Huchel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Jandl" title="Ernst Jandl">Ernst Jandl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uwe_Johnson" title="Uwe Johnson">Uwe Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_J%C3%BCnger" title="Ernst Jünger">Ernst Jünger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Kafka" title="Franz Kafka">Franz Kafka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erich_K%C3%A4stner" title="Erich Kästner">Erich Kästner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Kesten" title="Hermann Kesten">Hermann Kesten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irmgard_Keun" title="Irmgard Keun">Irmgard Keun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Kirsch" title="Sarah Kirsch">Sarah Kirsch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egon_Kisch" title="Egon Kisch">Egon Erwin Kisch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siegfried_Kracauer" title="Siegfried Kracauer">Siegfried Kracauer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Kraus_(writer)" title="Karl Kraus (writer)">Karl Kraus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Else_Lasker-Sch%C3%BCler" title="Else Lasker-Schüler">Else Lasker-Schüler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurd_Lasswitz" title="Kurd Lasswitz">Kurd Laßwitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gert_Ledig" title="Gert Ledig">Gert Ledig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siegfried_Lenz" title="Siegfried Lenz">Siegfried Lenz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Mann" title="Heinrich Mann">Heinrich Mann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klaus_Mann" title="Klaus Mann">Klaus Mann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Mann" title="Thomas Mann">Thomas Mann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friederike_Mayr%C3%B6cker" title="Friederike Mayröcker">Friederike Mayröcker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Morgenstern" title="Christian Morgenstern">Christian Morgenstern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erich_M%C3%BChsam" title="Erich Mühsam">Erich Mühsam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heiner_M%C3%BCller" title="Heiner Müller">Heiner Müller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Muschg" title="Adolf Muschg">Adolf Muschg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Musil" title="Robert Musil">Robert Musil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erich_Maria_Remarque" title="Erich Maria Remarque">Erich Maria Remarque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainer_Maria_Rilke" title="Rainer Maria Rilke">Rainer Maria Rilke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Roth" title="Joseph Roth">Joseph Roth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelly_Sachs" title="Nelly Sachs">Nelly Sachs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_von_Salomon" title="Ernst von Salomon">Ernst von Salomon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Scheerbart" title="Paul Scheerbart">Paul Scheerbart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Schnitzler" title="Arthur Schnitzler">Arthur Schnitzler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helga_Schubert" title="Helga Schubert">Helga Schubert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Schwitters" title="Kurt Schwitters">Kurt Schwitters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._G._Sebald" title="W. G. Sebald">W. G. Sebald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Seghers" title="Anna Seghers">Anna Seghers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berta_von_Suttner" class="mw-redirect" title="Berta von Suttner">Berta von Suttner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Toller" title="Ernst Toller">Ernst Toller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Trakl" title="Georg Trakl">Georg Trakl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Tucholsky" title="Kurt Tucholsky">Kurt Tucholsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Walser" title="Robert Walser">Robert Walser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josef_Weinheber" title="Josef Weinheber">Josef Weinheber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Weiss" title="Peter Weiss">Peter Weiss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Werfel" title="Franz Werfel">Franz Werfel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christa_Wolf" title="Christa Wolf">Christa Wolf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stefan_Zweig" title="Stefan Zweig">Stefan Zweig</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Contemporary<br />writers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zsuzsa_B%C3%A1nk" title="Zsuzsa Bánk">Zsuzsa Bánk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Brussig" title="Thomas Brussig">Thomas Brussig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jenny_Erpenbeck" title="Jenny Erpenbeck">Jenny Erpenbeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainald_Goetz" title="Rainald Goetz">Rainald Goetz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durs_Gr%C3%BCnbein" title="Durs Grünbein">Durs Grünbein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Handke" title="Peter Handke">Peter Handke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judith_Hermann" title="Judith Hermann">Judith Hermann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elfriede_Jelinek" title="Elfriede Jelinek">Elfriede Jelinek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reinhard_Jirgl" title="Reinhard Jirgl">Reinhard Jirgl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wladimir_Kaminer" title="Wladimir Kaminer">Wladimir Kaminer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Kehlmann" title="Daniel Kehlmann">Daniel Kehlmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esther_Kinsky" title="Esther Kinsky">Esther Kinsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Kluge" title="Alexander Kluge">Alexander Kluge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_K%C3%B6hler" title="Barbara Köhler">Barbara Köhler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Kracht" title="Christian Kracht">Christian Kracht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monika_Maron" title="Monika Maron">Monika Maron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clemens_Meyer" title="Clemens Meyer">Clemens Meyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ter%C3%A9zia_Mora" title="Terézia Mora">Terézia Mora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herta_M%C3%BCller" title="Herta Müller">Herta Müller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharon_Dodua_Otoo" title="Sharon Dodua Otoo">Sharon Dodua Otoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emine_Sevgi_%C3%96zdamar" title="Emine Sevgi Özdamar">Emine Sevgi Özdamar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teresa_Pr%C3%A4auer" title="Teresa Präauer">Teresa Präauer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julya_Rabinowich" title="Julya Rabinowich">Julya Rabinowich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafik_Schami" title="Rafik Schami">Rafik Schami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingo_Schulze" title="Ingo Schulze">Ingo Schulze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutz_Seiler" title="Lutz Seiler">Lutz Seiler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clemens_J._Setz" title="Clemens J. Setz">Clemens J. Setz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botho_Strauss" title="Botho Strauss">Botho Strauss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoko_Tawada" title="Yoko Tawada">Yoko Tawada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uwe_Timm" title="Uwe Timm">Uwe Timm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilija_Trojanow" title="Ilija Trojanow">Ilija Trojanow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Wagner_(poet)" title="Jan Wagner (poet)">Jan Wagner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Walser" title="Martin Walser">Martin Walser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Wawerzinek" title="Peter Wawerzinek">Peter Wawerzinek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolf_Wondratschek" title="Wolf Wondratschek">Wolf Wondratschek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feridun_Zaimo%C4%9Flu" title="Feridun Zaimoğlu">Feridun Zaimoğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juli_Zeh" title="Juli Zeh">Juli Zeh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">German-language<br />Nobel laureates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theodor_Mommsen" title="Theodor Mommsen">Theodor Mommsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Christoph_Eucken" title="Rudolf Christoph Eucken">Rudolf Christoph Eucken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Heyse" title="Paul Heyse">Paul Heyse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerhart_Hauptmann" title="Gerhart Hauptmann">Gerhart Hauptmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Spitteler" title="Carl Spitteler">Carl Spitteler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Mann" title="Thomas Mann">Thomas Mann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Hesse" title="Hermann Hesse">Hermann Hesse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelly_Sachs" title="Nelly Sachs">Nelly Sachs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll" title="Heinrich Böll">Heinrich Böll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elias_Canetti" title="Elias Canetti">Elias Canetti</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Günter Grass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elfriede_Jelinek" title="Elfriede Jelinek">Elfriede Jelinek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herta_M%C3%BCller" title="Herta Müller">Herta Müller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Handke" title="Peter Handke">Peter Handke</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">German-language<br />literary awards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Festival_of_German-Language_Literature" title="Festival of German-Language Literature">Ingeborg Bachmann Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_B%C3%BCchner_Prize" title="Georg Büchner Prize">Georg Büchner Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigmund_Freud_Prize" title="Sigmund Freud Prize">Sigmund Freud Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adelbert_von_Chamisso_Prize" title="Adelbert von Chamisso Prize">Adelbert von Chamisso Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Fallada_Prize" title="Hans Fallada Prize">Hans Fallada Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goethe_Prize" title="Goethe Prize">Goethe Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Heine_Prize" title="Heinrich Heine Prize">Heinrich Heine Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kleist_Prize" title="Kleist Prize">Kleist Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leipzig_Book_Fair_Prize" title="Leipzig Book Fair Prize">Leipzig Book Fair Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelly_Sachs_Prize" title="Nelly Sachs Prize">Nelly Sachs Prize</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6538#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata4942" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6538#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata4942" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6538#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000120967591">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/102319859">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/57296/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJxMfvwMTwXbPmy9mBR7pP">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118541579">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80085270">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11905730x">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11905730x">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00441527">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Grass, Günter"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/CFIV010227">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an40922187">Australia</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35140611">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn19990002840&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1163656">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/30854">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p068177291">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90061209">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000008110&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000033318&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bncatalogo.cl/F?func=direct&local_base=red10&doc_number=000064993">Chile</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=68116">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogo.bn.gov.ar/F/?func=direct&local_base=BNA10&doc_number=000026752">Argentina</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC199610635">Korea</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/86lnnrbs42w0vw3">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810617392605606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/144819">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007261917705171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:au:finaf:000042648">Finland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058519832406706">Catalonia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14708128">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA00332747?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500077198">ULAN</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/f1b303ea-8965-44dc-a31b-3b8266800ba9">MusicBrainz</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rkd.nl/en/explore/artists/33375">RKD Artists</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kulturnav.org/09ed88e6-d1f2-4e32-b6d9-de9ba5d250dd">KulturNav</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.moma.org/artists/2300">Museum of Modern Art</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.adk.de/de/akademie/mitglieder/?we_objectID=50252">ADK</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.performing-arts.eu/discovery/agent/gnd_118541579">FID</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/839851">Trove</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1449752">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/118541579.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118541579">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/026900971">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6m047d6">SNAC</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rism.online/people/82988">RISM</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Günter_Grass&oldid=1276023121">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Günter_Grass&oldid=1276023121</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:G%C3%BCnter_Grass" title="Category:Günter Grass">Günter Grass</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1927_births" title="Category:1927 births">1927 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2015_deaths" title="Category:2015 deaths">2015 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Catholic_socialists" title="Category:Catholic socialists">Catholic socialists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_of_Literature" title="Category:Fellows of the Royal Society of Literature">Fellows of the Royal Society of Literature</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Georg_B%C3%BCchner_Prize_winners" title="Category:Georg Büchner Prize winners">Georg Büchner Prize winners</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:German_autobiographers" title="Category:German autobiographers">German autobiographers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:German-language_poets" title="Category:German-language poets">German-language poets</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:German_male_novelists" title="Category:German male novelists">German male novelists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:German_male_dramatists_and_playwrights" title="Category:German male dramatists and playwrights">German male dramatists and playwrights</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:German_male_sculptors" title="Category:German male sculptors">German male sculptors</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_German_memoirists" title="Category:20th-century German memoirists">20th-century German memoirists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:German_Nobel_laureates" title="Category:German Nobel laureates">German Nobel laureates</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:German_prisoners_of_war_in_World_War_II_held_by_the_United_States" title="Category:German prisoners of war in World War II held by the United States">German prisoners of war in World War II held by the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:German_Roman_Catholics" title="Category:German Roman Catholics">German Roman Catholics</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:German_socialists" title="Category:German socialists">German socialists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Kunstakademie_D%C3%BCsseldorf_alumni" title="Category:Kunstakademie Düsseldorf alumni">Kunstakademie Düsseldorf alumni</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Magic_realism_writers" title="Category:Magic realism writers">Magic realism writers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Members_of_the_Academy_of_Arts,_Berlin" title="Category:Members of the Academy of Arts, Berlin">Members of the Academy of Arts, Berlin</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Nobel_laureates_in_Literature" title="Category:Nobel laureates in Literature">Nobel laureates in Literature</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_the_Free_City_of_Danzig" title="Category:People from the Free City of Danzig">People from the Free City of Danzig</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Waffen-SS_personnel" title="Category:Waffen-SS personnel">Waffen-SS personnel</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Writers_who_illustrated_their_own_writing" title="Category:Writers who illustrated their own writing">Writers who illustrated their own writing</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_German_essayists" title="Category:20th-century German essayists">20th-century German essayists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_German_dramatists_and_playwrights" title="Category:20th-century German dramatists and playwrights">20th-century German dramatists and playwrights</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_German_novelists" title="Category:20th-century German novelists">20th-century German novelists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_German_poets" title="Category:20th-century German poets">20th-century German poets</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:German_male_poets" title="Category:German male poets">German male poets</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_German_sculptors" title="Category:20th-century German sculptors">20th-century German sculptors</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_German_male_artists" title="Category:20th-century German male artists">20th-century German male artists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:21st-century_German_essayists" title="Category:21st-century German essayists">21st-century German essayists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:21st-century_German_novelists" title="Category:21st-century German novelists">21st-century German novelists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:21st-century_German_poets" title="Category:21st-century German poets">21st-century German poets</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:21st-century_German_male_writers" title="Category:21st-century German male writers">21st-century German male writers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Luftwaffenhelfer" title="Category:Luftwaffenhelfer">Luftwaffenhelfer</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Kashubian_poets" title="Category:Kashubian poets">Kashubian poets</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Reich_Labour_Service_members" title="Category:Reich Labour Service members">Reich Labour Service members</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_German_male_writers" title="Category:20th-century German male writers">20th-century German male writers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Berlin_University_of_the_Arts_alumni" title="Category:Berlin University of the Arts alumni">Berlin University of the Arts alumni</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_the_Phonos_extension" title="Category:Pages using the Phonos extension">Pages using the Phonos extension</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_periodical_ignored" title="Category:CS1 errors: periodical ignored">CS1 errors: periodical ignored</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_May_2021" title="Category:Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from May 2021">Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from May 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_German-language_sources_(de)" title="Category:CS1 German-language sources (de)">CS1 German-language sources (de)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Polish-language_sources_(pl)" title="Category:CS1 Polish-language sources (pl)">CS1 Polish-language sources (pl)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_bare_URLs_for_citations" title="Category:All articles with bare URLs for citations">All articles with bare URLs for citations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_bare_URLs_for_citations_from_March_2022" title="Category:Articles with bare URLs for citations from March 2022">Articles with bare URLs for citations from March 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_image_file_bare_URLs_for_citations" title="Category:Articles with image file bare URLs for citations">Articles with image file bare URLs for citations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links" title="Category:All articles with dead external links">All articles with dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_October_2010" title="Category:Articles with dead external links from October 2010">Articles with dead external links from October 2010</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_German-language_sources_(de)" title="Category:Articles with German-language sources (de)">Articles with German-language sources (de)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_February_2021" title="Category:Use dmy dates from February 2021">Use dmy dates from February 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_German_IPA" title="Category:Pages with German IPA">Pages with German IPA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_including_recorded_pronunciations" title="Category:Pages including recorded pronunciations">Pages including recorded pronunciations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link from Wikidata">Commons category link from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1:_long_volume_value" title="Category:CS1: long volume value">CS1: long volume value</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_appearing_on_C-SPAN" title="Category:People appearing on C-SPAN">People appearing on C-SPAN</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Nobelprize_template_using_Wikidata_property_P8024" title="Category:Nobelprize template using Wikidata property P8024">Nobelprize template using Wikidata property P8024</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 16 February 2025, at 12:53<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=G%C3%BCnter_Grass&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia.svg" width="25" height="25" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">Günter Grass</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>111 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-74b99f876-k4kxl","wgBackendResponseTime":143,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.558","walltime":"1.913","ppvisitednodes":{"value":10436,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":387683,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":87495,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":22,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":27,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":313327,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1611.191 1 -total"," 24.63% 396.799 1 Template:Reflist"," 20.08% 323.501 1 Template:Infobox_writer"," 19.70% 317.369 1 Template:Infobox"," 9.92% 159.898 1 Template:IPA"," 8.51% 137.100 34 Template:Cite_news"," 7.07% 113.962 1 Template:Navboxes"," 6.64% 107.062 6 Template:Sfn"," 6.53% 105.275 9 Template:Navbox"," 6.52% 105.053 3 Template:Plainlist"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.878","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":21393326,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"table#1 {\n}\n\"\"\ntable#1 {\n}\n\"\"\nanchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREF(www.dw.com)\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFArnds,_P._O.2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFArnds,_P._O.2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBar-ZoharRavid2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBraun,_R.2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDonahue2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFinch,_Helen2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGrass2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGünter_Grass2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHammelehle2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHardingSherwood2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIzvor_Moralic2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJohn_Irving2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJürgen_Kowallik2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKlšppelMatthei2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKrimmer,_E.2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKulishBronner2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMayer,_Claudia2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMews2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFO\u0026#039;Neill,_Patrick2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRakowiec2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRichard_Lea2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStephen_Kinzer2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTaberner,_S.2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTaberner,_S._(Ed.).2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTim_Gardan2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWeinthal2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWiegrefe2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWoods2008\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"!\"] = 3,\n [\"'\\\"\"] = 1,\n [\"1999 Nobel Prize winners\"] = 1,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Avoid wrap\"] = 1,\n [\"Awards\"] = 4,\n [\"Bare URL image\"] = 1,\n [\"Birth date\"] = 1,\n [\"Blockquote\"] = 2,\n [\"C-SPAN\"] = 1,\n [\"Circa\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 11,\n [\"Cite interview\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite magazine\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 34,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 16,\n [\"Commons category\"] = 1,\n [\"DEFAULTSORT:Grass, Gunter\"] = 1,\n [\"Dead link\"] = 1,\n [\"Death date and age\"] = 1,\n [\"Flagicon\"] = 2,\n [\"Flatlist\"] = 1,\n [\"Georg Büchner Prize\"] = 1,\n [\"German literature\"] = 1,\n [\"Günter Grass\"] = 1,\n [\"IMDb name\"] = 1,\n [\"IPA\"] = 1,\n [\"In lang\"] = 3,\n [\"Indented plainlist\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox writer\"] = 1,\n [\"Interlanguage link\"] = 1,\n [\"Issn\"] = 1,\n [\"Main\"] = 2,\n [\"Marriage\"] = 2,\n [\"Navboxes\"] = 1,\n [\"Nobel Prize in Literature\"] = 1,\n [\"Nobelprize\"] = 1,\n [\"Page needed\"] = 1,\n [\"Perlentaucher\"] = 1,\n [\"Plainlist\"] = 2,\n [\"Prince of Asturias Award for Literature\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"S-ach\"] = 1,\n [\"S-end\"] = 1,\n [\"S-start\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 6,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Sonning Prize laureates\"] = 1,\n [\"Succession box\"] = 1,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 1,\n [\"Wikiquote\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\nciteref_patterns = table#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-bf6d45f98-ntmkq","timestamp":"20250225195127","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"G\u00fcnter Grass","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/G%C3%BCnter_Grass","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q6538","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q6538","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2002-03-11T08:47:13Z","dateModified":"2025-02-16T12:53:47Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/7\/7a\/Europese_conferentie_van_schrijvers_Haagse_Treffen_in_Kurhaus_te_Scheveningen%2C_Bestanddeelnr_932-1798.jpg","headline":"German novelist, poet, playwright, illustrator, graphic artist, and sculptor (1927-2015)"}</script> </body> </html>