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id="toc-Education_and_teaching_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Career </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Career-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Career subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Rhythm_10,_1973" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rhythm_10,_1973"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Rhythm 10, 1973 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rhythm_10,_1973-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rhythm_5,_1974" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rhythm_5,_1974"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Rhythm 5, 1974 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rhythm_5,_1974-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rhythm_2,_1974" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rhythm_2,_1974"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Rhythm 2, 1974 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rhythm_2,_1974-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rhythm_4,_1974" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rhythm_4,_1974"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Rhythm 4, 1974 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rhythm_4,_1974-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rhythm_0,_1974" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rhythm_0,_1974"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5 Rhythm 0, 1974 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rhythm_0,_1974-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Works_with_Ulay_(Uwe_Laysiepen)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works_with_Ulay_(Uwe_Laysiepen)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.6 Works with Ulay (Uwe Laysiepen) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Works_with_Ulay_(Uwe_Laysiepen)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cleaning_the_Mirror,_1995" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cleaning_the_Mirror,_1995"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.7 Cleaning the Mirror, 1995 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cleaning_the_Mirror,_1995-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spirit_Cooking,_1996" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spirit_Cooking,_1996"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.8 Spirit Cooking, 1996 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spirit_Cooking,_1996-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Balkan_Baroque,_1997" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Balkan_Baroque,_1997"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.9 Balkan Baroque, 1997 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Balkan_Baroque,_1997-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Seven_Easy_Pieces,_2005" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Seven_Easy_Pieces,_2005"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.10 Seven Easy Pieces, 2005 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Seven_Easy_Pieces,_2005-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Artist_Is_Present:_March–May_2010" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Artist_Is_Present:_March–May_2010"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.11 The Artist Is Present: March–May 2010 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Artist_Is_Present:_March–May_2010-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.12 Other </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Unfulfilled_proposals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Unfulfilled_proposals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.13 Unfulfilled proposals </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Unfulfilled_proposals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Films" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Films"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Films </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Films-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Marina_Abramović_Institute" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marina_Abramović_Institute"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Marina Abramović Institute </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marina_Abramović_Institute-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collaborations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collaborations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Collaborations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collaborations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Controversies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Controversies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Controversies </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Controversies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Personal life </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Awards </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Bibliography </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Bibliography subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Books_by_Abramović_and_collaborators" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Books_by_Abramović_and_collaborators"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.1 Books by Abramović and collaborators </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Books_by_Abramović_and_collaborators-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Films_by_Abramović_and_collaborators" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Films_by_Abramović_and_collaborators"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.2 Films by Abramović and collaborators </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Films_by_Abramović_and_collaborators-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Marina Abramović</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 54 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-54" aria-hidden="true" > 54 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marina_Abramovi%C4%87" title="Marina Abramović – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Marina Abramović" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7_%D8%A3%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B4" title="مارينا أبراموفيتش – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مارينا أبراموفيتش" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A1_%D4%B1%D5%BA%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%B8%D5%BE%D5%AB%D5%B9" title="Մարինա Ապրամովիչ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Մարինա Ապրամովիչ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" title="Марина Абрамович – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Марина Абрамович" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marina_Abramovi%C4%87" title="Marina Abramović – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Marina Abramović" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marina_Abramovi%C4%87" title="Marina Abramović – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Marina Abramović" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marina_Abramovi%C4%87ov%C3%A1" title="Marina Abramovićová – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Marina Abramovićová" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marina_Abramovi%C4%87" title="Marina Abramović – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Marina Abramović" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dagbanli</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marina_Abramovi%C4%87" title="Marina Abramović – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Marina Abramović" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marina_Abramovi%C4%87" title="Marina Abramović – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Marina Abramović" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marina_Abramovi%C4%87" title="Marina Abramović – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Marina Abramović" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B1_%CE%91%CE%BC%CF%80%CF%81%CE%AC%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%B2%CE%B9%CF%84%CF%82" title="Μαρίνα Αμπράμοβιτς – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μαρίνα Αμπράμοβιτς" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marina_Abramovi%C4%87" title="Marina Abramović – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Marina Abramović" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marina_Abramovi%C4%87" title="Marina Abramović – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Marina Abramović" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target">Estremeñu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marina_Abramovi%C4%87" title="Marina Abramović – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Marina Abramović" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7_%D8%A2%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%88%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%86" title="مارینا آبراموویچ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مارینا آبراموویچ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marina_Abramovi%C4%87" title="Marina Abramović – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Marina Abramović" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marina_Abramovi%C4%87" title="Marina Abramović – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Marina Abramović" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marina_Abramovi%C4%87" title="Marina Abramović – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Marina Abramović" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%88%EB%A6%AC%EB%82%98_%EC%95%84%EB%B8%8C%EB%9D%BC%EB%AA%A8%EB%B9%84%EC%B9%98" title="마리나 아브라모비치 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="마리나 아브라모비치" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A1_%D4%B1%D5%A2%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%B8%D5%BE%D5%AB%D5%B9" title="Մարինա Աբրամովիչ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մարինա Աբրամովիչ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95" title="मरीना आब्रमोविक – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मरीना आब्रमोविक" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marina_Abramovi%C4%87" title="Marina Abramović – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Marina Abramović" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marina_Abramovi%C4%87" title="Marina Abramović – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Marina Abramović" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marina_Abramovi%C4%87" title="Marina Abramović – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Marina Abramović" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marina_Abramovi%C4%87" title="Marina Abramović – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Marina Abramović" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%94_%D7%90%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A5%27" title="מרינה אברמוביץ' – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מרינה אברמוביץ'" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90_%E1%83%90%E1%83%91%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%A9%E1%83%98" title="მარინა აბრამოვიჩი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მარინა აბრამოვიჩი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marina_Abramovi%C4%87" title="Marina Abramović – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Marina Abramović" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marina_Abramovi%C4%8Da" title="Marina Abramoviča – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Marina Abramoviča" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marina_Abramovi%C4%87" title="Marina Abramović – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Marina Abramović" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9A" title="मरिना अब्रामोभिच – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="मरिना अब्रामोभिच" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%9C" title="Марина Абрамовиќ – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Марина Абрамовиќ" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A8_%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D" title="മറിന അബ്രമൊവിക് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മറിന അബ്രമൊവിക്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B4" title="مارينا ابراموفيتش – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مارينا ابراموفيتش" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marina_Abramovi%C4%87" title="Marina Abramović – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Marina Abramović" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9A" title="मरिना अब्रामोभिच – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="मरिना अब्रामोभिच" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%8A%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A2%E3%83%96%E3%83%A9%E3%83%A2%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A3%E3%83%83%E3%83%81" title="マリーナ・アブラモヴィッチ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マリーナ・アブラモヴィッチ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marina_Abramovi%C4%87" title="Marina Abramović – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Marina Abramović" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marina_Abramovi%C4%87" title="Marina Abramović – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Marina Abramović" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marina_Abramovi%C4%87" title="Marina Abramović – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Marina Abramović" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marina_Abramovi%C4%87" title="Marina Abramović – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Marina Abramović" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marina_Abramovi%C4%87" title="Marina Abramović – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Marina Abramović" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87,_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Абрамович, Марина – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Абрамович, Марина" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marina_Abramoviq" title="Marina Abramoviq – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Marina Abramoviq" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marina_Abramovi%C4%87" title="Marina Abramović – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Marina Abramović" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marina_Abramovi%C4%87" title="Marina Abramović – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Marina Abramović" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%9B" title="Марина Абрамовић – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Марина Абрамовић" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marina_Abramovi%C4%87" title="Marina Abramović – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Marina Abramović" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marina_Abramovi%C4%87" title="Marina Abramović – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Marina Abramović" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marina_Abramovi%C4%87" title="Marina Abramović – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Marina Abramović" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marina_Abramovi%C4%87" title="Marina Abramović – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Marina Abramović" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" title="Марина Абрамович – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Марина Абрамович" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%91%AA%E8%8E%89%E5%A8%9C%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E5%B8%83%E6%8B%89%E8%8E%AB%E7%B6%AD%E5%A5%87" title="瑪莉娜·阿布拉莫維奇 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="瑪莉娜·阿布拉莫維奇" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q47496#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Marina_Abramovi%C4%87" title="View the content 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Serbian performance artist (born 1946)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Marina_Abr%C3%A0mova" title="Marina Abràmova">Marina Abràmova</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Marina Abramović</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="nickname" lang="sr-Cyrl">Марина Абрамовић</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Glasto24_28_300624_(130_of_545)_(53838092455)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Glasto24_28_300624_%28130_of_545%29_%2853838092455%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Glasto24_28_300624_%28130_of_545%29_%2853838092455%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="299" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Glasto24_28_300624_%28130_of_545%29_%2853838092455%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Glasto24_28_300624_%28130_of_545%29_%2853838092455%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Glasto24_28_300624_%28130_of_545%29_%2853838092455%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Glasto24_28_300624_%28130_of_545%29_%2853838092455%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1163" data-file-height="1583" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Abramović in 2024</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"> (1946-11-30) November 30, 1946 (age 78) <div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a>, <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Republic_of_Serbia" title="Socialist Republic of Serbia">PR Serbia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">FPR Yugoslavia</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Fine_Arts,_Belgrade" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy of Fine Arts, Belgrade">Academy of Fine Arts, Belgrade</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Fine_Arts,_University_of_Zagreb" title="Academy of Fine Arts, University of Zagreb">Academy of Fine Arts, Zagreb</a> (1972)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Performance_art" title="Performance art">Performance art</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Body_art" title="Body art">body art</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Shock_art" title="Shock art">shock art</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Art_film" title="Art film">art film</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Endurance_art" title="Endurance art">endurance art</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Notable work</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rhythm_0" title="Rhythm 0">Rhythm Series</a> (1973–1974)</li> <li>Works with <a href="/wiki/Ulay" title="Ulay">Ulay</a> (1976–1988)</li> <li>Cleaning the Mirror (1995)</li> <li>Spirit Cooking (1996)</li> <li>Balkan Baroque (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Easy_Pieces" title="Seven Easy Pieces">Seven Easy Pieces</a> (2005)</li> <li>The Artist Is Present (2010)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Movement</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Conceptual_art" title="Conceptual art">Conceptual art</a>/<a href="/wiki/Signalism" title="Signalism">signalism</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouses</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ne%C5%A1a_Paripovi%C4%87" title="Neša Paripović">Neša Paripović</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1971; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1976)</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Paolo_Canevari" title="Paolo Canevari">Paolo Canevari</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 2005; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 2009)</div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Partner</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ulay" title="Ulay">Ulay</a> (1976–1988)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parents</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Vojin Abramović</li><li>Danica Rosić</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relatives</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Varnava,_Serbian_Patriarch" title="Varnava, Serbian Patriarch">Varnava, Serbian Patriarch</a> (great-uncle)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mai.art">mai.art</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Marina Abramović (<a href="/wiki/Serbian_Cyrillic_alphabet" title="Serbian Cyrillic alphabet">Serbian Cyrillic</a>: Марина Абрамовић, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style>pronounced <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Serbo-Croatian" title="Help:IPA/Serbo-Croatian">[marǐːna abrǎːmovitɕ]</a>; born November 30, 1946) is a Serbian <a href="/wiki/Conceptual_art" title="Conceptual art">conceptual</a> and <a href="/wiki/Performance_art" title="Performance art">performance artist</a>.<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> Her work explores <a href="/wiki/Body_art" title="Body art">body art</a>, <a href="/wiki/Endurance_art" title="Endurance art">endurance art</a>, the relationship between the performer and audience, the limits of the body, and the possibilities of the mind.<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> Being active for over four decades, Abramović refers to herself as the "grandmother of performance art".<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> She pioneered a new notion of identity by bringing in the participation of observers, focusing on "confronting pain, blood, and physical limits of the body".<a href="#cite_note-demaria-4">[4]</a> In 2007, she founded the Marina Abramović Institute (MAI), a non-profit foundation for performance art.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life,_education_and_teaching">Early life, education and teaching</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Marina_Abramovi%C4%87&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life, education and teaching">edit</a>]</div> Abramović was born in <a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a>, <a href="/wiki/SR_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="SR Serbia">Serbia</a>, then part of <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a>, on November 30, 1946. In an interview, Abramović described her family as having been "Red bourgeoisie".<a href="#cite_note-:1-7">[7]</a> Her great-uncle was <a href="/wiki/Varnava,_Serbian_Patriarch" title="Varnava, Serbian Patriarch">Varnava, Serbian Patriarch</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Serbian_Orthodox_Church" title="Serbian Orthodox Church">Serbian Orthodox Church</a>.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> Both of her <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Montenegro" title="Kingdom of Montenegro">Montenegrin</a>-born parents, Danica Rosić and Vojin Abramović,<a href="#cite_note-:1-7">[7]</a> were <a href="/wiki/Partisans_(Yugoslavia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Partisans (Yugoslavia)">Yugoslav Partisans</a><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II_in_Yugoslavia" title="World War II in Yugoslavia">World War II</a>. After the war, Abramović's parents were awarded <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_People%27s_Hero" title="Order of the People's Hero">Order of the People's Heroes</a> and were given positions in the <a href="/wiki/Aftermath_of_World_War_II" title="Aftermath of World War II">postwar</a> Yugoslavian government.<a href="#cite_note-:1-7">[7]</a> Abramović was raised by her grandparents until she was six years old.<a href="#cite_note-:0-11">[11]</a> Her grandmother was deeply religious and Abramović "spent [her] childhood in a church following [her] grandmother's rituals—candles in the morning, the priest coming for different occasions".<a href="#cite_note-:0-11">[11]</a> When she was six, her brother was born, and she began living with her parents while also taking piano, French, and English lessons.<a href="#cite_note-:0-11">[11]</a> Although she did not take art lessons, she took an early interest in art<a href="#cite_note-:0-11">[11]</a> and enjoyed painting as a child.<a href="#cite_note-:1-7">[7]</a> Life in Abramović's parental home under her mother's strict supervision was difficult.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> When Abramović was a child, her mother beat her for "supposedly showing off".<a href="#cite_note-:1-7">[7]</a> In an interview published in 1998, Abramović described how her "mother took complete military-style control of me and my brother. I was not allowed to leave the house after 10 o'clock at night until I was 29 years old. ... [A]ll the performances in Yugoslavia I did before 10 o'clock in the evening because I had to be home then. It's completely insane, but all of my cutting myself, whipping myself, burning myself, almost losing my life in 'The Firestar'—everything was done before 10 in the evening."<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> In an interview published in 2013, Abramović said, "My mother and father had a terrible marriage."<a href="#cite_note-:2-14">[14]</a> Describing an incident when her father smashed 12 champagne glasses and left the house, she said, "It was the most horrible moment of my childhood."<a href="#cite_note-:2-14">[14]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education_and_teaching_career">Education and teaching career</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Marina_Abramovi%C4%87&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Education and teaching career">edit</a>]</div> She was a student at the <a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Fine_Arts,_Belgrade" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy of Fine Arts, Belgrade">Academy of Fine Arts</a> in Belgrade from 1965 to 1970. She completed her <a href="/wiki/Postgraduate_education" title="Postgraduate education">post-graduate studies</a> in the art class of <a href="/wiki/Krsto_Hegedu%C5%A1i%C4%87" title="Krsto Hegedušić">Krsto Hegedušić</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Zagreb_Academy_of_Fine_Arts" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Zagreb Academy of Fine Arts">Academy of Fine Arts</a> in <a href="/wiki/Zagreb" title="Zagreb">Zagreb</a>, <a href="/wiki/SR_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="SR Croatia">SR Croatia</a>, in 1972. Then she returned to <a href="/wiki/SR_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="SR Serbia">SR Serbia</a> and, from 1973 to 1975, taught at the Academy of Fine Arts at <a href="/wiki/Novi_Sad" title="Novi Sad">Novi Sad</a> while launching her first solo performances.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> See also: <a href="/wiki/Role_Exchange" title="Role Exchange">Role Exchange</a> (1975 performative artwork) In 1976, following her marriage to <a href="/wiki/Ne%C5%A1a_Paripovi%C4%87" title="Neša Paripović">Neša Paripović</a> (between 1970 and 1976), Abramović went to <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a> to perform a piece<a href="#cite_note-Garage-16">[16]</a> and then decided to move there permanently. From 1990 to 1995, Abramović was a visiting professor at the <a href="/wiki/Acad%C3%A9mie_des_Beaux-Arts" title="Académie des Beaux-Arts">Académie des Beaux-Arts</a> in Paris and at the <a href="/wiki/Berlin_University_of_the_Arts" title="Berlin University of the Arts">Berlin University of the Arts</a>. From 1992 to 1996 she also served as a visiting professor at the <a href="/wiki/Hochschule_f%C3%BCr_bildende_K%C3%BCnste_Hamburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Hochschule für bildende Künste Hamburg">Hochschule für bildende Künste Hamburg</a> and from 1997 to 2004 she was a professor for performance-art at the <a href="/wiki/Hochschule_f%C3%BCr_Bildende_K%C3%BCnste_Braunschweig" class="mw-redirect" title="Hochschule für Bildende Künste Braunschweig">Hochschule für bildende Künste Braunschweig</a>.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Marina_Abramovi%C4%87&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Career">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rhythm_10,_1973">Rhythm 10, 1973</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Marina_Abramovi%C4%87&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Rhythm 10, 1973">edit</a>]</div> In her first performance in Edinburgh in 1973,<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> Abramović explored elements of ritual and gesture. Making use of ten knives and two tape recorders, the artist played the <a href="/wiki/Knife_game" title="Knife game">Russian game</a>, in which rhythmic knife jabs are aimed between the splayed fingers of one's hand, the title of the piece getting its name from the number of knives used. Each time she cut herself, she would pick up a new knife from the row of ten she had set up, and record the operation. After cutting herself ten times, she replayed the tape, listened to the sounds, and tried to repeat the same movements, attempting to replicate the mistakes, merging past and present. She set out to explore the physical and mental limitations of the body – the pain and the sounds of the stabbing; the double sounds from the history and the replication. With this piece, Abramović began to consider the state of consciousness of the performer. "Once you enter into the performance state you can push your body to do things you absolutely could never normally do."<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rhythm_5,_1974">Rhythm 5, 1974</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Marina_Abramovi%C4%87&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Rhythm 5, 1974">edit</a>]</div> In this performance, Abramović sought to re-evoke the energy of extreme bodily pain, using a large petroleum-drenched star, which the artist lit on fire at the start of the performance. Standing outside the star, Abramović cut her nails, toenails, and hair. When finished with each, she threw the clippings into the flames, creating a burst of light each time. Burning the communist five-pointed star or pentagram represented a physical and mental purification, while also addressing the political traditions of her past. In the final act of purification, Abramović leapt across the flames into the center of the large pentagram. At first, due to the light and smoke given off by the fire, the observing audience did not realize that the artist had lost consciousness from lack of oxygen inside the star. However, when the flames came very near to her body and she still remained inert, a doctor and others intervened and extricated her from the star. Abramović later commented upon this experience: "I was very angry because I understood there is a physical limit. When you lose consciousness you can't be present, you can't perform."<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rhythm_2,_1974">Rhythm 2, 1974</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Marina_Abramovi%C4%87&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Rhythm 2, 1974">edit</a>]</div> Prompted by her loss of consciousness during Rhythm 5, Abramović devised the two-part Rhythm 2 to incorporate a state of unconsciousness in a performance. She performed the work at the Gallery of Contemporary Art in Zagreb, in 1974. In Part I, which had a duration of 50 minutes, she ingested a medication she describes as 'given to patients who suffer from <a href="/wiki/Catatonia" title="Catatonia">catatonia</a>, to force them to change the positions of their bodies.' The medication caused her muscles to contract violently, and she lost complete control over her body while remaining aware of what was going on. After a ten-minute break, she took a second medication 'given to schizophrenic patients with violent behavior disorders to calm them down.' The performance ended after five hours when the medication wore off.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rhythm_4,_1974">Rhythm 4, 1974</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Marina_Abramovi%C4%87&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Rhythm 4, 1974">edit</a>]</div> Rhythm 4 was performed at the Galleria Diagramma in Milan. In this piece, Abramović knelt alone and naked in a room with a high-power industrial fan. She approached the fan slowly, attempting to breathe in as much air as possible to push the limits of her lungs. Soon after she lost consciousness.<a href="#cite_note-oregon-25">[25]</a> Abramović's previous experience in Rhythm 5, when the audience interfered in the performance, led to her devising specific plans so that her loss of consciousness would not interrupt the performance before it was complete. Before the beginning of her performance, Abramović asked the cameraman to focus only on her face, disregarding the fan. This was so the audience would be oblivious to her unconscious state, and therefore unlikely to interfere. Ironically, after several minutes of Abramović's unconsciousness, the cameraman refused to continue and sent for help.<a href="#cite_note-oregon-25">[25]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rhythm_0,_1974">Rhythm 0, 1974</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Marina_Abramovi%C4%87&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Rhythm 0, 1974">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Rhythm_0" title="Rhythm 0">Rhythm 0</a></div> To test the limits of the relationship between performer and audience, Abramović developed one of her most challenging and best-known performances. She assigned a passive role to herself, with the public being the force that would act on her. Abramović placed on a table 72 objects that people were allowed to use in any way that they chose; a sign informed them that they held no responsibility for any of their actions. Some of the objects could give pleasure, while others could be wielded to inflict pain, or to harm her. Among them were a rose, a feather, honey, a whip, olive oil, scissors, a scalpel, a gun and a single bullet. For six hours the artist allowed audience members to manipulate her body and actions without consequences. This tested how vulnerable and aggressive human subjects could be when actions have no social consequences.<a href="#cite_note-demaria-4">[4]</a> At first the audience did not do much and was extremely passive. However, as the realization began to set in that there was no limit to their actions, the piece became brutal. By the end of the performance, her body was stripped, attacked, and devalued into an image that Abramović described as the "Madonna, mother, and whore."<a href="#cite_note-demaria-4">[4]</a> As Abramović described it later: "What I learned was that ... if you leave it up to the audience, they can kill you. ... I felt really violated: they cut up my clothes, stuck rose thorns in my stomach, one person aimed the gun at my head, and another took it away. It created an aggressive atmosphere. After exactly 6 hours, as planned, I stood up and started walking toward the audience. Everyone ran away, to escape an actual confrontation."<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> In her works, Abramović defines her identity in contradistinction to that of spectators; however, more importantly, by blurring the roles of each party, the identity and nature of humans individually and collectively also become less clear. By doing so, the individual experience morphs into a collective one and truths are revealed.<a href="#cite_note-demaria-4">[4]</a> Abramović's art also represents the objectification of the female body, as she remains passive and allows spectators to do as they please to her; the audience pushes the limits of what might be considered acceptable. By presenting her body as an object, she explores the limits of danger and exhaustion a human can endure.<a href="#cite_note-demaria-4">[4]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Works_with_Ulay_(Uwe_Laysiepen)">Works with Ulay (Uwe Laysiepen)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Marina_Abramovi%C4%87&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Works with Ulay (Uwe Laysiepen)">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Ulay" title="Ulay">Ulay</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Abramovic_Ulay.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Abramovic_Ulay.jpg/220px-Abramovic_Ulay.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Abramovic_Ulay.jpg/330px-Abramovic_Ulay.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Abramovic_Ulay.jpg/440px-Abramovic_Ulay.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1277" /></a><figcaption>Marina Abramović and Uwe Laysiepen, 1978</figcaption></figure> In 1976, after moving to Amsterdam, Abramović met the <a href="/wiki/West_German" class="mw-redirect" title="West German">West German</a> performance artist <a href="/wiki/Uwe_Laysiepen" class="mw-redirect" title="Uwe Laysiepen">Uwe Laysiepen</a>, who went by the single name Ulay. They began living and performing together that year. When Abramović and Ulay began their collaboration,<a href="#cite_note-Garage-16">[16]</a> the main concepts they explored were the ego and artistic identity. They created "relation works" characterized by constant movement, change, process and "art vital".<a href="#cite_note-:3-27">[27]</a> This was the beginning of a decade of influential collaborative work. Each performer was interested in the traditions of their cultural heritage and the individual's desire for ritual. Consequently, they decided to form a collective being called "The Other", and spoke of themselves as parts of a "two-headed body".<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> They dressed and behaved like twins and created a relationship of complete trust. As they defined this phantom identity, their individual identities became less defined. In an analysis of phantom artistic identities, Charles Green has noted that this allowed a deeper understanding of the artist as performer, since it revealed a way of "having the artistic self made available for self-scrutiny".<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> The work of Abramović and Ulay tested the physical limits of the body and explored male and female principles, psychic energy, <a href="/wiki/Transcendental_meditation" class="mw-redirect" title="Transcendental meditation">transcendental meditation</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nonverbal_communication" title="Nonverbal communication">nonverbal communication</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:3-27">[27]</a> While some critics have explored the idea of a <a href="/wiki/Hermaphroditic" class="mw-redirect" title="Hermaphroditic">hermaphroditic</a> state of being as a <a href="/wiki/Feminist" class="mw-redirect" title="Feminist">feminist</a> statement, Abramović herself rejects this analysis. Her body studies, she insists, have always been concerned primarily with the body as the unit of an individual, a tendency she traces to her parents' military pasts. Rather than concerning themselves with <a href="/wiki/Gender" title="Gender">gender</a> ideologies, Abramović/Ulay explored extreme states of consciousness and their relationship to architectural space. They devised a series of works in which their bodies created additional spaces for audience interaction. In discussing this phase of her performance history, she has said: "The main problem in this relationship was what to do with the two artists' egos. I had to find out how to put my ego down, as did he, to create something like a hermaphroditic state of being that we called the death self."<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> <ul><li>In Relation in Space (1976) they ran into each other repeatedly for an hour – mixing male and female energy into the third component called "that self".<a href="#cite_note-Garage-16">[16]</a></li> <li>Relation in Movement (1977) had the pair driving their car inside of a museum for 365 laps; a black liquid oozed from the car, forming a kind of sculpture, each lap representing a year. (After 365 laps the idea was that they entered the New Millennium.)</li> <li>In Relation in Time (1977) they sat back to back, tied together by their ponytails for sixteen hours. They then allowed the public to enter the room to see if they could use the energy of the public to push their limits even further.<a href="#cite_note-uoregon1-31">[31]</a></li> <li>To create <a href="/wiki/Breathing_in/breathing_out" title="Breathing in/breathing out">Breathing In/Breathing Out</a> the two artists devised a piece in which they connected their mouths and took in each other's exhaled breaths until they had used up all of the available oxygen. Nineteen minutes after the beginning of the performance they pulled away from each other, their lungs having filled with carbon dioxide. This personal piece explored the idea of an individual's ability to absorb the life of another person, exchanging and destroying it.</li> <li>In Imponderabilia (1977, reenacted in 2010) two performers of opposite sexes, both completely nude, stand in a narrow doorway. The public must squeeze between them in order to pass, and in doing so choose which one of them to face.<a href="#cite_note-Garage-16">[16]</a></li> <li>In AAA-AAA (1978) the two artists stood opposite each other and made long sounds with their mouths open. They gradually moved closer and closer, until they were eventually yelling directly into each other's mouths.<a href="#cite_note-uoregon1-31">[31]</a> This piece demonstrated their interest in endurance and duration.<a href="#cite_note-uoregon1-31">[31]</a></li> <li>In 1980, they performed <a href="/wiki/Rest_Energy_(performance_piece)" title="Rest Energy (performance piece)">Rest Energy</a>, in an art exhibition in <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a>, where both balanced each other on opposite sides of a drawn bow and arrow, with the arrow pointed at Abramović's heart. With almost no effort, Ulay could easily kill Abramović with one finger. This was intended to represent the power advantage men have over women in society. In addition, the handle of the bow is held by Abramović and is pointed at herself. The handle of the bow is the most significant part of a bow. This would be a whole different piece if it were Ulay aiming a bow at Abramović, but by having her hold the bow, even while her life is subject to his will, she supports him.<a href="#cite_note-Garage-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a></li></ul> Between 1981 and 1987, the pair performed Nightsea Crossing in twenty-two <a href="/wiki/Performance_art" title="Performance art">performances</a>. They sat silently across from each other in chairs for seven hours a day.<a href="#cite_note-uoregon1-31">[31]</a> In 1988, after several years of tense relations, Abramović and Ulay decided to make a spiritual journey that would end their relationship. They each walked the Great Wall of China, in a piece called Lovers, starting from the two opposite ends and meeting in the middle. As Abramović described it: "That walk became a complete personal drama. Ulay started from the <a href="/wiki/Gobi_Desert" title="Gobi Desert">Gobi Desert</a> and I from the <a href="/wiki/Yellow_Sea" title="Yellow Sea">Yellow Sea</a>. After each of us walked 2500 km, we met in the middle and said good-bye."<a href="#cite_note-Daneri,_35-33">[33]</a> She has said that she conceived this walk in a dream, and it provided what she thought was an appropriate, romantic ending to a relationship full of mysticism, energy, and attraction. She later described the process: "We needed a certain form of ending, after this huge distance walking towards each other. It is very human. It is in a way more dramatic, more like a film ending ... Because in the end, you are really alone, whatever you do."<a href="#cite_note-Daneri,_35-33">[33]</a> She reported that during her walk she was reinterpreting her connection to the physical world and to nature. She felt that the metals in the ground influenced her mood and state of being; she also pondered the Chinese myths in which the Great Wall has been described as a "dragon of energy". It took the couple eight years to acquire permission from the Chinese government to perform the work, by which time their relationship had completely dissolved. At her 2010 MoMA retrospective, Abramović performed The Artist Is Present, in which she shared a period of silence with each stranger who sat in front of her. Although "they met and talked the morning of the opening",<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> Abramović had a deeply emotional reaction to Ulay when he arrived at her performance, reaching out to him across the table between them; the video of the event went viral.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> In November 2015, Ulay took Abramović to court, claiming she had paid him insufficient royalties according to the terms of a 1999 contract covering sales of their joint works<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> and a year later, in September 2016, Abramović was ordered to pay Ulay €250,000. In its ruling, the court in Amsterdam found that Ulay was entitled to royalties of 20% net on the sales of their works, as specified in the original 1999 contract, and ordered Abramović to backdate royalties of more than €250,000, as well as more than €23,000 in legal costs.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> Additionally, she was ordered to credit all works created between 1976 and 1980 as "Ulay/Abramović" and all works created between 1981 and 1988 as "Abramović/Ulay". <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cleaning_the_Mirror,_1995">Cleaning the Mirror, 1995</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Marina_Abramovi%C4%87&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Cleaning the Mirror, 1995">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marina_Abramovi%C4%87.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="photograph" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Marina_Abramovi%C4%87.jpg/220px-Marina_Abramovi%C4%87.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Marina_Abramovi%C4%87.jpg/330px-Marina_Abramovi%C4%87.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Marina_Abramovi%C4%87.jpg/440px-Marina_Abramovi%C4%87.jpg 2x" data-file-width="860" data-file-height="841" /></a><figcaption>At the <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Modern_Art" title="Museum of Modern Art">Museum of Modern Art</a>, New York, 2010</figcaption></figure> Cleaning the Mirror consisted of five monitors playing footage in which Abramović scrubs a grimy human skeleton in her lap. She vigorously brushes the different parts of the skeleton with soapy water. Each monitor is dedicated to one part of the skeleton: the head, the pelvis, the ribs, the hands, and the feet. Each video is filmed with its own sound, creating an overlap. As the skeleton becomes cleaner, Abramović becomes covered in the grayish dirt that was once covering the skeleton. This three-hour performance is filled with metaphors of the Tibetan death rites that prepare disciples to become one with their own mortality. The piece was composed of three parts. Cleaning the Mirror #1, lasting three hours, was performed at the <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Modern_Art" title="Museum of Modern Art">Museum of Modern Art</a>. Cleaning the Mirror #2 lasts 90 minutes and was performed at Oxford University. Cleaning the Mirror #3 was performed at <a href="/wiki/Pitt_Rivers_Museum" title="Pitt Rivers Museum">Pitt Rivers Museum</a> over five hours.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spirit_Cooking,_1996">Spirit Cooking, 1996</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Marina_Abramovi%C4%87&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Spirit Cooking, 1996">edit</a>]</div> Abramović worked with Jacob Samuel to produce a cookbook of "aphrodisiac recipes" called Spirit Cooking in 1996. These "recipes" were meant to be "evocative instructions for actions or for thoughts".<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> For example, one of the recipes calls for "13,000 grams of jealousy", while another says to "mix fresh breast milk with fresh sperm milk."<a href="#cite_note-WaPo_dinner-41">[41]</a> The work was inspired by the popular belief that ghosts feed off intangible things like light, sound, and emotions.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> In 1997, Abramović created a multimedia Spirit Cooking installation. This was originally installed in the Zerynthia Associazione per l'Arte Contemporanea in Rome, Italy, and included white gallery walls with "enigmatically violent recipe instructions" painted in pig's blood.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> According to Alexxa Gotthardt, the work is "a comment on humanity's reliance on ritual to organize and legitimize our lives and contain our bodies".<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> Abramovic also published a Spirit Cooking cookbook, containing comico-mystical, self-help instructions that are meant to be poetry. Spirit Cooking later evolved into a form of dinner party entertainment that Abramovic occasionally lays on for collectors, donors, and friends.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Balkan_Baroque,_1997">Balkan Baroque, 1997</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Marina_Abramovi%C4%87&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Balkan Baroque, 1997">edit</a>]</div> In this piece, Abramović vigorously scrubbed thousands of bloody cow bones over a period of four days, a reference to the ethnic cleansing that had taken place in the Balkans during the 1990s. This performance piece earned Abramović the Golden Lion award at the <a href="/wiki/Venice_Biennale" title="Venice Biennale">Venice Biennale</a>.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> Abramović created Balkan Baroque as a response to the <a href="/wiki/Bosnian_War" title="Bosnian War">war in Bosnia</a>. She remembers other artists reacting immediately, creating work and protesting about the effects and horrors of the war. Abramović could not bring herself to create work on the matter so soon, as it hit too close to home for her. Eventually, Abramović returned to Belgrade, where she interviewed her mother, her father, and a <a href="/wiki/Rat-catcher" title="Rat-catcher">rat-catcher</a>. She then incorporated these interviews into her piece, as well as clips of the hands of her father holding a pistol and her mother's empty hands and later, her crossed hands. Abramović is dressed as a doctor recounting the story of the rat-catcher. While the clips are playing, Abramović sits among a large pile of bones and tries to wash them. The performance occurred in Venice in 1997. Abramović remembered the horrible smell – for it was extremely hot in Venice that summer – and that worms emerged from the bones.<a href="#cite_note-moma-47">[47]</a> She has explained that the idea of scrubbing the bones clean and trying to remove the blood, is impossible. The point Abramović was trying to make is that blood can't be washed from bones and hands, just as the war couldn't be cleansed of shame. She wanted to allow the images from the performance to speak for not only the war in Bosnia, but for any war, anywhere in the world.<a href="#cite_note-moma-47">[47]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Seven_Easy_Pieces,_2005">Seven Easy Pieces, 2005</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Marina_Abramovi%C4%87&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Seven Easy Pieces, 2005">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Seven_Easy_Pieces" title="Seven Easy Pieces">Seven Easy Pieces</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marina_1_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="photograph" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Marina_1_1.jpg/220px-Marina_1_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="235" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5e/Marina_1_1.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="234" data-file-height="250" /></a><figcaption>Abramović performing <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Nauman" title="Bruce Nauman">Bruce Nauman</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Body_Pressure" title="Body Pressure">Body Pressure</a>, <a href="/wiki/Solomon_R._Guggenheim_Museum" title="Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum">Guggenheim Museum</a>, 2005</figcaption></figure> Beginning on November 9, 2005, Abramović presented Seven Easy Pieces commissioned by <a href="/wiki/Performa_(performance_festival)" title="Performa (performance festival)">Performa</a>, at the <a href="/wiki/Solomon_R._Guggenheim_Museum" title="Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum">Guggenheim Museum</a> in New York City. On seven consecutive nights for seven hours she recreated the works of five artists first performed in the 1960s and 1970s, in addition to re-performing her own Thomas Lips and introducing a new performance on the last night. The performances were arduous, requiring both the physical and the mental concentration of the artist. Included in Abramović's performances were recreations of <a href="/wiki/Gina_Pane" title="Gina Pane">Gina Pane</a>'s The Conditioning, which required lying on a bed frame suspended over a grid of lit candles, and of <a href="/wiki/Vito_Acconci" title="Vito Acconci">Vito Acconci</a>'s 1972 performance in which the artist <a href="/wiki/Masturbated" class="mw-redirect" title="Masturbated">masturbated</a> under the floorboards of a gallery as visitors walked overhead. It is argued that Abramović re-performed these works as a series of homages to the past, though many of the performances were altered from the originals.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> All seven performances were dedicated to Abramović's late friend <a href="/wiki/Susan_Sontag" title="Susan Sontag">Susan Sontag</a>. A full list of the works performed is as follows: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Nauman" title="Bruce Nauman">Bruce Nauman</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Body_Pressure" title="Body Pressure">Body Pressure</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vito_Acconci" title="Vito Acconci">Vito Acconci</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Seedbed_(performance_piece)" title="Seedbed (performance piece)">Seedbed</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valie_Export" title="Valie Export">Valie Export</a>'s Action Pants: Genital Panic (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gina_Pane" title="Gina Pane">Gina Pane</a>'s The Conditioning (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Beuys" title="Joseph Beuys">Joseph Beuys</a>'s <a href="/wiki/How_to_Explain_Pictures_to_a_Dead_Hare" title="How to Explain Pictures to a Dead Hare">How to Explain Pictures to a Dead Hare</a> (1965)</li> <li>Abramović's own Thomas Lips (1975)</li> <li>Abramović's own Entering the Other Side (2005)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Artist_Is_Present:_March–May_2010">The Artist Is Present: March–May 2010</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Marina_Abramovi%C4%87&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: The Artist Is Present: March–May 2010">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ArtistIsPresent.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/ArtistIsPresent.jpg/330px-ArtistIsPresent.jpg" decoding="async" width="330" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/ArtistIsPresent.jpg/495px-ArtistIsPresent.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/ArtistIsPresent.jpg/660px-ArtistIsPresent.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4752" data-file-height="3168" /></a><figcaption>Abramović performing The Artist Is Present, <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Modern_Art" title="Museum of Modern Art">Museum of Modern Art</a>, March 2010</figcaption></figure> From March 14 to May 31, 2010, the <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Modern_Art" title="Museum of Modern Art">Museum of Modern Art</a> held a major retrospective and performance recreation of Abramović's work, the biggest exhibition of performance art in MoMA's history, curated by <a href="/wiki/Klaus_Biesenbach" title="Klaus Biesenbach">Klaus Biesenbach</a>.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> Biesenbach also provided the title for the performance, which referred to the fact that during the entire performance "the artist would be right there in the gallery or the museum."<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> During the run of the exhibition, Abramović performed The Artist Is Present,<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> a 736-hour and 30-minute static, silent piece, in which she sat immobile in the museum's atrium while spectators were invited to take turns sitting opposite her.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> Ulay made a surprise appearance at the opening night of the show.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> Abramović sat in a rectangle marked with tape on the floor of the second floor atrium of the MoMA; theater lights shone on her sitting in a chair and a chair opposite her.<a href="#cite_note-Marcus2015-54">[54]</a> Visitors waiting in line were invited to sit individually across from the artist while she maintained <a href="/wiki/Eye_contact" title="Eye contact">eye contact</a> with them. Visitors began crowding the atrium within days of the show opening, some gathering before the exhibit opened each morning to get a better place in line. Most visitors sat with the artist for five minutes or less, while a few sat with her for an entire day.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> The line attracted no attention from museum security until the last day of the exhibition, when a visitor vomited in line and another began to disrobe. Tensions among visitors in line could have arisen from the realization that the longer the earlier visitors spent with Abramović, the less chance that those further back in line would be able to sit with her. Due to the strenuous nature of sitting for hours at a time, art-enthusiasts have wondered whether Abramović wore an adult diaper in order to eliminate the need for bathroom breaks. Others have highlighted the movements she made in between sitters as a focus of analysis, as the only variations in the artist between sitters were when she would cry if a sitter cried and her moment of physical contact with Ulay, one of the earliest visitors to the exhibition. Abramović sat across from 1,545 sitters, including <a href="/wiki/Klaus_Biesenbach" title="Klaus Biesenbach">Klaus Biesenbach</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Franco" title="James Franco">James Franco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lou_Reed" title="Lou Reed">Lou Reed</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alan_Rickman" title="Alan Rickman">Alan Rickman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jemima_Kirke" title="Jemima Kirke">Jemima Kirke</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Carpenter" title="Jennifer Carpenter">Jennifer Carpenter</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bj%C3%B6rk" title="Björk">Björk</a>; sitters were asked not to touch or speak to her. By the end of the exhibit, hundreds of visitors were lining up outside the museum overnight to secure a spot in line the next morning. Abramović concluded the performance by slipping from the chair where she was seated and rising to a cheering crowd more than ten people deep. A support group for the "sitters", "Sitting with Marina", was established on Facebook,<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> as was the blog "Marina Abramović made me cry".<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> The Italian photographer <a href="/wiki/Marco_Anelli" title="Marco Anelli">Marco Anelli</a> took portraits of every person who sat opposite Abramović, which were published on Flickr,<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> compiled in a book<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> and featured in an exhibition at the Danziger Gallery in New York.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> Abramović said the show changed her life "completely – every possible element, every physical emotion". After <a href="/wiki/Lady_Gaga" title="Lady Gaga">Lady Gaga</a> saw the show and publicized it, Abramović found a new audience: "So the kids from 12 and 14 years old to about 18, the public who normally don't go to the museum, who don't give a shit about performance art or don't even know what it is, started coming because of Lady Gaga. And they saw the show and then they started coming back. And that's how I get a whole new audience."<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> In September 2011, a video game version of Abramović's performance was released by Pippin Barr.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> In 2013, Dale Eisinger of <a href="/wiki/Complex_(magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Complex (magazine)">Complex</a> ranked The Artist Is Present ninth (along with Rhythm 0) in his list of the greatest performance art works.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> Her performance inspired Australian novelist <a href="/wiki/Heather_Rose" title="Heather Rose">Heather Rose</a> to write The Museum of Modern Love<a href="#cite_note-stella-64">[64]</a> and she subsequently launched the US edition of the book at the Museum of Modern Art in 2018.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other">Other</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Marina_Abramovi%C4%87&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Other">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marina_Abramovic_at_the_72nd_Annual_Peabody_Awards.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Marina_Abramovic_at_the_72nd_Annual_Peabody_Awards.jpg/220px-Marina_Abramovic_at_the_72nd_Annual_Peabody_Awards.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="329" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Marina_Abramovic_at_the_72nd_Annual_Peabody_Awards.jpg/330px-Marina_Abramovic_at_the_72nd_Annual_Peabody_Awards.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Marina_Abramovic_at_the_72nd_Annual_Peabody_Awards.jpg/440px-Marina_Abramovic_at_the_72nd_Annual_Peabody_Awards.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2520" data-file-height="3768" /></a><figcaption>Marina Abramović at the 72nd Annual Peabody Awards, 2013</figcaption></figure> In 2009, Abramović was featured in Chiara Clemente's documentary Our City Dreams and a book of the same name. The five featured artists – also including <a href="/wiki/Swoon_(artist)" title="Swoon (artist)">Swoon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ghada_Amer" title="Ghada Amer">Ghada Amer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kiki_Smith" title="Kiki Smith">Kiki Smith</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nancy_Spero" title="Nancy Spero">Nancy Spero</a> – "each possess a passion for making work that is inseparable from their devotion to New York", according to the publisher.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> Abramović is also the subject of an independent documentary film entitled Marina Abramović: The Artist Is Present, which is based on her life and performance at her retrospective "The Artist Is Present" at the Museum of Modern Art in 2010. The film was broadcast in the United States on <a href="/wiki/HBO" title="HBO">HBO</a><a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> and won a <a href="/wiki/Peabody_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Peabody Award">Peabody Award</a> in 2012.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> In January 2011, Abramović was on the cover of Serbian <a href="/wiki/ELLE_magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="ELLE magazine">ELLE</a>, photographed by Dušan Reljin. <a href="/wiki/Kim_Stanley_Robinson" title="Kim Stanley Robinson">Kim Stanley Robinson</a>'s science fiction novel <a href="/wiki/2312_(novel)" title="2312 (novel)">2312</a> mentions a style of performance art pieces known as "abramovics". A world premiere installation by Abramović was featured at Toronto's Trinity Bellwoods Park as part of the <a href="/wiki/Luminato" title="Luminato">Luminato</a> Festival in June 2013. Abramović is also co-creator, along with <a href="/wiki/Robert_Wilson_(director)" title="Robert Wilson (director)">Robert Wilson</a> of the theatrical production The Life and Death of Marina Abramović, which had its North American premiere at the festival,[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] and at the <a href="/wiki/Park_Avenue_Armory" title="Park Avenue Armory">Park Avenue Armory</a> in December.<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> In 2007 Abramović created the <a href="#Marina_Abramović_Institute">Marina Abramović Institute</a> (MAI), a nonprofit foundation for performance art, in a 33,000 square-foot space in <a href="/wiki/Hudson,_New_York" title="Hudson, New York">Hudson, New York</a>.<a href="#cite_note-nytoct2013-70">[70]</a> She also founded a performance institute in San Francisco.<a href="#cite_note-:3-27">[27]</a> She is a patron of the London-based <a href="/wiki/Live_Art_Development_Agency" title="Live Art Development Agency">Live Art Development Agency</a>.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> In June 2014 she presented a new piece at London's <a href="/wiki/Serpentine_Gallery" class="mw-redirect" title="Serpentine Gallery">Serpentine Gallery</a> called 512 Hours.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/Sean_Kelly_Gallery" title="Sean Kelly Gallery">Sean Kelly Gallery</a>-hosted Generator, (December 6, 2014)<a href="#cite_note-Generator_Exhibition-73">[73]</a> participants are blindfolded and wear <a href="/wiki/Noise-canceling_headphones" class="mw-redirect" title="Noise-canceling headphones">noise-canceling headphones</a> in an exploration of nothingness. In celebration of her 70th birthday on November 30, 2016, Abramović took over the Guggenheim museum (eleven years after her previous installation there) for her birthday party entitled "Marina 70". Part one of the evening, titled "Silence," lasted 70 minutes, ending with the crash of a gong struck by the artist. Then came the more conventional part two: "Entertainment", during which Abramović took to the stage to make a speech before watching English singer and visual artist <a href="/wiki/ANOHNI" class="mw-redirect" title="ANOHNI">ANOHNI</a> perform the song "<a href="/wiki/My_Way" title="My Way">My Way</a>" while wearing a large black hood.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> In March 2015, Abramović presented a <a href="/wiki/TED_talk" class="mw-redirect" title="TED talk">TED talk</a> titled, "An art made of trust, vulnerability and connection".<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> In 2019, <a href="/wiki/IFC_(American_TV_channel)" title="IFC (American TV channel)">IFC</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Mockumentary" title="Mockumentary">mockumentary</a> show <a href="/wiki/Documentary_Now!" title="Documentary Now!">Documentary Now!</a> parodied Abramović's work and the documentary film Marina Abramović: The Artist Is Present. The show's episode, entitled "Waiting for the Artist", starred <a href="/wiki/Cate_Blanchett" title="Cate Blanchett">Cate Blanchett</a> as Isabella Barta (Abramović) and <a href="/wiki/Fred_Armisen" title="Fred Armisen">Fred Armisen</a> as Dimo (Ulay). Originally set to open on September 26, 2020, her first major exhibition in the UK at the Royal Academy of Arts was rescheduled for autumn 2021 due to the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>. According to the Academy, the exhibition would "bring together works spanning her 50-year career, along with new works conceived especially for these galleries. As Abramović approaches her mid-70s, her new work reflects on changes to the artist's body, and explores her perception of the transition between life and death."<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> On reviewing this exhibition Tabish Khan, writing for Culture Whisper, described it thus: “It’s intense, it’s discomfiting, it’s memorable, and it’s performance art at its finest".<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> In 2021, she dedicated a monument, entitled, Crystal wall of crying, at the site of a Holocaust massacre in <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> and which is memorialized through the <a href="/wiki/Babi_Yar_memorials" title="Babi Yar memorials">Babi Yar memorials</a>.<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> In 2022, she condemned the <a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> In 2023, she was the first woman in 255 years to be invited to give a solo show in the main galleries of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Academy_of_Arts" title="Royal Academy of Arts">Royal Academy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Unfulfilled_proposals">Unfulfilled proposals</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Marina_Abramovi%C4%87&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Unfulfilled proposals">edit</a>]</div> Abramović had proposed some solo performances during her career that never were performed. One such proposal was titled "Come to Wash with Me". This performance would take place in a gallery space that was to be transformed into a laundry with sinks placed all around the walls of the gallery. The public would enter the space and be asked to take off all of their clothes and give them to Abramović. The individuals would then wait around as she would wash, dry and iron their clothes for them, and once she was done, she would give them back their clothing, and they could get dressed and then leave. She proposed this in 1969 for the Galerija Doma Omladine in Belgrade. The proposal was refused. In 1970 she proposed a similar idea to the same gallery that was also refused. The piece was untitled. Abramović would stand in front of the public dressed in her regular clothing. Present on the side of the stage was a clothes rack adorned with clothing that her mother wanted her to wear. She would take the clothing one by one and change into them, then stand to face the public for a while. "From the right pocket of my skirt I take a gun. From the left pocket of my skirt I take a bullet. I put the bullet into the chamber and turn it. I place the gun to my temple. I pull the trigger." The performance had two possible outcomes.<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> The list of Mother's clothes included: <ol><li>Heavy brown pin for the hair</li> <li>White cotton blouse with red dots</li> <li>Light pink bra – 2 sizes too big</li> <li>Dark pink heavy flannel slip – three sizes too big</li> <li>Dark blue skirt – mid-calf</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skin_color" class="mw-redirect" title="Skin color">Skin color</a> heavy synthetic stockings</li> <li>Heavy <a href="/wiki/Orthopedic_shoes" class="mw-redirect" title="Orthopedic shoes">orthopedic shoes</a> with laces</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Films">Films</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Marina_Abramovi%C4%87&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Films">edit</a>]</div> Abramović directed a segment, Balkan Erotic Epic, in <a href="/wiki/Destricted" title="Destricted">Destricted</a>, a compilation of erotic films made in 2006.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> In 2008 she directed a segment Dangerous Games in another film compilation <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stories_on_Human_Rights&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stories on Human Rights (page does not exist)">Stories on Human Rights</a> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stories_On_Human_Rights" class="extiw" title="es:Stories On Human Rights">es</a>].<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> She also acted in a five-minute short film Antony and the Johnsons: Cut the World.<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Marina_Abramović_Institute">Marina Abramović Institute</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Marina_Abramovi%C4%87&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Marina Abramović Institute">edit</a>]</div> The Marina Abramović Institute (MAI) is a performance art organization with a focus on performance, works of long duration, and the use of the "Abramovic Method".<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> In its early phases, it was a proposed multi-functional museum space in <a href="/wiki/Hudson,_New_York" title="Hudson, New York">Hudson, New York</a>.<a href="#cite_note-artsbeat.blogs.nytimes-86">[86]</a> Abramović purchased the site for the institute in 2007.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> Located in Hudson, New York, the building was built in 1933 and has been used as a <a href="/wiki/Theater_(structure)" title="Theater (structure)">theater</a> and community tennis center.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> The building was to be renovated according to a design by <a href="/wiki/Rem_Koolhaas" title="Rem Koolhaas">Rem Koolhaas</a> and Shohei Shigematsu of OMA.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> The early design phase of this project was funded by a <a href="/wiki/Kickstarter" title="Kickstarter">Kickstarter</a> campaign.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> It was funded by more than 4,000 contributors, including Lady Gaga and Jay-Z.<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a><a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> The building project was canceled in October 2017 due to its excessive cost.<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> The institute continues to operate as a traveling organization. To date, MAI has partnered with many institutions and artists internationally, traveling to Brazil, Greece, and Turkey.<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collaborations">Collaborations</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Marina_Abramovi%C4%87&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Collaborations">edit</a>]</div> In her youth, she was a performer in one of <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Nitsch" title="Hermann Nitsch">Hermann Nitsch</a>'s performances which were part of the <a href="/wiki/Viennese_actionism" class="mw-redirect" title="Viennese actionism">Viennese actionism</a>. Abramović maintains a friendship with actor <a href="/wiki/James_Franco" title="James Franco">James Franco</a>, who interviewed her for <a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a> in 2009.<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> Franco visited her during The Artist Is Present in 2010,<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> and the two also attended the 2012 <a href="/wiki/Met_Gala" title="Met Gala">Met Gala</a> together.<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> In July 2013, Abramović worked with <a href="/wiki/Lady_Gaga" title="Lady Gaga">Lady Gaga</a> on the pop singer's third album <a href="/wiki/Artpop" title="Artpop">Artpop</a>. Gaga's work with Abramović, as well as artists <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Koons" title="Jeff Koons">Jeff Koons</a> and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Wilson_(director)" title="Robert Wilson (director)">Robert Wilson</a>, was displayed at an event titled "<a href="/wiki/ArtRave" title="ArtRave">ArtRave</a>" on November 10.<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> Furthermore, both have collaborated on projects supporting the Marina Abramović Institute, including Gaga's participation in an 'Abramović Method' video and a nonstop reading of <a href="/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_Lem" title="Stanisław Lem">Stanisław Lem</a>'s sci-fi novel <a href="/wiki/Solaris_(novel)" title="Solaris (novel)">Solaris</a>.<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> Also that month, <a href="/wiki/Jay-Z" title="Jay-Z">Jay-Z</a> showcased an Abramović-inspired piece at <a href="/wiki/Pace_Gallery" title="Pace Gallery">Pace Gallery</a> in New York City. He performed his art-inspired track "<a href="/wiki/Picasso_Baby" title="Picasso Baby">Picasso Baby</a>" for six straight hours.<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> During the performance, Abramović and several figures in the art world were invited to dance with him standing face to face.<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> The footage was later turned into the <a href="/wiki/Music_video" title="Music video">music video</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Picasso_Baby#Music_video" title="Picasso Baby">aforementioned song</a>. She allowed Jay-Z to adapt "The Artist Is Present" under the condition that he would donate to her institute. Abramović stated that Jay-Z did not live up to his end of the deal, describing the performance as a "one-way transaction".<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> However, two years later in 2015, Abramović <a href="/wiki/Public_apology" title="Public apology">publicly issued an apology</a> stating she was never informed of Jay-Z's sizable donation.<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Controversies">Controversies</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Marina_Abramovi%C4%87&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Controversies">edit</a>]</div> Abramović sparked controversy in August 2016 when passages from an early draft of her memoir were released, in which—based on notes from her 1979 initial encounter with <a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_Australians" title="Aboriginal Australians">Aboriginal Australians</a>—she compared them to dinosaurs and observed that "they have big torsos (just one bad result of their encounter with <a href="/wiki/Western_culture" title="Western culture">Western civilization</a> is a high sugar diet that bloats their bodies) and sticklike legs". She responded to the controversy on Facebook, writing, "I have the greatest respect for the Aborigine people, to whom I owe everything."<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> Among the <a href="/wiki/Podesta_emails" title="Podesta emails">Podesta emails</a> was a message from Abramović to Podesta's brother discussing an invitation to a spirit cooking, which was interpreted by conspiracy theorists such as <a href="/wiki/Alex_Jones" title="Alex Jones">Alex Jones</a> as an invitation to a <a href="/wiki/Satanism" title="Satanism">satanic</a> ritual, and was presented by Jones and others as proof that Democratic candidate <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a> had links to the occult.<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> In a 2013 Reddit Q&A, in response to a question about occult in contemporary art, she said: "Everything depends on which context you are doing what you are doing. If you are doing the occult magic in the context of art or in a gallery, then it is the art. If you are doing it in different context, in spiritual circles or private house or on TV shows, it is not art. The intention, the context for what is made, and where it is made defines what art is or not".<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> On April 10, 2020, <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> released a promotional video for <a href="/wiki/HoloLens_2" title="HoloLens 2">HoloLens 2</a> which featured Abramović. However, due to accusations by right-wing <a href="/wiki/Conspiracy_theory" title="Conspiracy theory">conspiracy theorists</a> of her having ties to <a href="/wiki/Satanism" title="Satanism">Satanism</a>, Microsoft eventually pulled the advertisement.<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> Abramović responded to the criticism, appealing to people to stop harassing her, arguing that her performances are just the art that she has been doing for the last 50 years.<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Marina_Abramovi%C4%87&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Personal life">edit</a>]</div> Abramović claims she feels "neither like a <a href="/wiki/Serbs" title="Serbs">Serb</a>, nor a <a href="/wiki/Montenegrins" title="Montenegrins">Montenegrin</a>", but an ex-<a href="/wiki/Yugoslavs" title="Yugoslavs">Yugoslav</a>.<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> "When people ask me where I am from," she says, "I never say Serbia. I always say I come from a country that no longer exists."<a href="#cite_note-:1-7">[7]</a> In February 2025, Abramović endorsed the <a href="/wiki/2024%E2%80%932025_Serbian_anti-corruption_protests" title="2024–2025 Serbian anti-corruption protests">2024–2025 Serbian anti-corruption protests</a>.<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> Abramović has had three <a href="/wiki/Abortion" title="Abortion">abortions</a> during her life, and has said that having children would have been a "disaster" for her work.<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a><a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> Sculptor <a href="/wiki/Nikola_Pe%C5%A1i%C4%87" title="Nikola Pešić">Nikola Pešić</a> says that Abramović has a lifelong interest in <a href="/wiki/Western_esotericism" title="Western esotericism">esotericism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Spiritualism_(movement)" title="Spiritualism (movement)">Spiritualism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards">Awards</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Marina_Abramovi%C4%87&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Awards">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Lion" title="Golden Lion">Golden Lion</a>, XLVII <a href="/wiki/Venice_Biennale" title="Venice Biennale">Venice Biennale</a>, 1997<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nieders%C3%A4chsischer_Kunstpreis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Niedersächsischer Kunstpreis (page does not exist)">Niedersächsischer Kunstpreis</a> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nieders%C3%A4chsischer_Kunstpreis" class="extiw" title="de:Niedersächsischer Kunstpreis">de</a>], 2002<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-118">[118]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Dance_and_Performance_Awards" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Dance and Performance Awards">New York Dance and Performance Awards</a> (The Bessies), 2002<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-118">[118]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Association_of_Art_Critics" title="International Association of Art Critics">International Association of Art Critics</a>, Best Show in a Commercial Gallery Award, 2003</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_Decoration_for_Science_and_Art" title="Austrian Decoration for Science and Art">Austrian Decoration for Science and Art</a> (2008)<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a></li> <li>Honorary Doctorate of Arts, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Plymouth" title="University of Plymouth">University of Plymouth</a> UK, September 25, 2009<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Academy_of_Arts" title="Royal Academy of Arts">Honorary Royal Academician (HonRA)</a>, September 27, 2011<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a></li> <li>Cultural Leadership Award, <a href="/wiki/American_Federation_of_Arts" title="American Federation of Arts">American Federation of Arts</a>, October 26, 2011<a href="#cite_note-thedailyhatch1-122">[122]</a></li> <li>Honorary Doctorate of Arts, <a href="/wiki/Instituto_Superior_de_Arte" title="Instituto Superior de Arte">Instituto Superior de Arte</a>, Cuba, May 14, 2012<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a></li> <li>July 13' Lifetime Achievement Awards, <a href="/wiki/Podgorica" title="Podgorica">Podgorica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a>, October 1, 2012<a href="#cite_note-thedailyhatch1-122">[122]</a></li> <li>The Karić brothers award (category art and culture), 2012</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berliner_B%C3%A4r_(B.Z.-Kulturpreis)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Berliner Bär (B.Z.-Kulturpreis) (page does not exist)">Berliner Bär (B.Z.-Kulturpreis)</a> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berliner_B%C3%A4r_(B.Z.-Kulturpreis)" class="extiw" title="de:Berliner Bär (B.Z.-Kulturpreis)">de</a>] (2012; not to be confused with the Silver and Golden Bear at the Berlin Film Festival; a cultural award of the German tabloid <a href="/wiki/B.Z._(newspaper)" title="B.Z. (newspaper)">BZ</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>Shortlisted for the European Cultural Centre Art Award in 2017.</li> <li>Golden Medal for Merits, Republic of <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a>, 2021<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_of_Asturias_Awards" title="Princess of Asturias Awards">Princess of Asturias Award</a> in the category of Arts, 2021.<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonning_Prize" title="Sonning Prize">Sonning Prize</a>, 2023<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Marina_Abramovi%C4%87&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Bibliography">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Books_by_Abramović_and_collaborators">Books by Abramović and collaborators</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Marina_Abramovi%C4%87&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Books by Abramović and collaborators">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Cleaning the House, artist Abramović, author Abramović (Wiley, 1995) <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85490-399-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85490-399-0">978-1-85490-399-0</a></li> <li>Artist Body: Performances 1969–1998, artist, Abramović; authors Abramović, Toni Stooss, Thomas McEvilley, Bojana Pejic, Hans Ulrich Obrist, Chrissie Iles, Jan Avgikos, Thomas Wulffen, Velimir Abramović; English ed. (Charta, 1998) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-88-8158-175-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-88-8158-175-7">978-88-8158-175-7</a>.</li> <li>The Bridge / El Puente, artist Abramović, authors Abramović, Pablo J. Rico, Thomas Wulffen (Charta, 1998) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-84-482-1857-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-84-482-1857-7">978-84-482-1857-7</a>.</li> <li>Performing Body, artist Abramović, authors Abramović, Dobrila Denegri (Charta, 1998) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-88-8158-160-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-88-8158-160-3">978-88-8158-160-3</a>.</li> <li>Public Body: Installations and Objects 1965–2001, artist Abramović, authors <a href="/wiki/Germano_Celant" title="Germano Celant">Celant, Germano</a>, Abramović (Charta, 2001) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-88-8158-295-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-88-8158-295-2">978-88-8158-295-2</a>.</li> <li>Marina Abramović, fifteen artists, Fondazione Ratti; coauthors Abramović, Anna Daneri, Giacinto Di Pietrantonio, Lóránd Hegyi, Societas Raffaello Sanzio, Angela Vettese (Charta, 2002) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-88-8158-365-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-88-8158-365-2">978-88-8158-365-2</a>.</li> <li>Student Body, artist Abramović, vari; authors Abramović, Miguel Fernandez-Cid, students; (Charta, 2002) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-88-8158-449-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-88-8158-449-9">978-88-8158-449-9</a>.</li> <li>The House with the Ocean View, artist Abramović; authors Abramović, <a href="/wiki/Sean_Kelly_Gallery" title="Sean Kelly Gallery">Sean Kelly</a>, Thomas McEvilley, Cindy Carr, Chrissie Iles, RosaLee Goldberg, Peggy Phelan (Charta, 2004) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-88-8158-436-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-88-8158-436-9">978-88-8158-436-9</a>; the 2002 piece of the same name, in which Abramović lived on three open platforms in a gallery with only water for 12 days, was reenacted in <a href="/wiki/Sex_and_the_City" title="Sex and the City">Sex and the City</a> in the <a href="/wiki/HBO" title="HBO">HBO</a> series' sixth season.<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a></li> <li>Marina Abramović: The Biography of Biographies, artist Abramović; coauthors Abramović, Michael Laub, Monique Veaute, Fabrizio Grifasi (Charta, 2004) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-88-8158-495-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-88-8158-495-6">978-88-8158-495-6</a>.</li> <li>Balkan Epic, (Skira, 2006).</li> <li>Seven Easy Pieces, artist, Abramović; authors <a href="/wiki/Nancy_Spector" title="Nancy Spector">Nancy Spector</a>, Erika Fischer-Lichte, Sandra Umathum, Abramović; (Charta, 2007). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-88-8158-626-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-88-8158-626-4">978-88-8158-626-4</a>.</li> <li>Marina Abramović, artist Abramović; authors Kristine Stiles, Klaus Biesenbach, Chrissie Iles, Abramović; (<a href="/wiki/Phaidon_Press" title="Phaidon Press">Phaidon</a>, 2008). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7148-4802-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7148-4802-0">978-0-7148-4802-0</a>.</li> <li>When Marina Abramović Dies: A Biography. Author James Westcott. (MIT, 2010). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-262-23262-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-262-23262-3">978-0-262-23262-3</a>.</li> <li>Walk Through Walls: A Memoir, author Abramović (Crown Archetype, 2016). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-101-90504-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-101-90504-3">978-1-101-90504-3</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Films_by_Abramović_and_collaborators">Films by Abramović and collaborators</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Marina_Abramovi%C4%87&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Films by Abramović and collaborators">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Balkan Baroque, (Pierre Coulibeuf, 1999)</li> <li>Balkan Erotic Epic, as producer and director, <a href="/wiki/Destricted" title="Destricted">Destricted</a> (Offhollywood Digital, 2006)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Marina_Abramovi%C4%87&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://graffica.info/marina-abramovic-la-madrina-del-arte-de-la-performance/">"¿Quién es Marina Abramović? La Madrina del arte de la performance"</a>. Gràffica (in Spanish). April 8, 2024. Retrieved January 14, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gr%C3%A0ffica&rft.atitle=%C2%BFQui%C3%A9n+es+Marina+Abramovi%C4%87%3F+La+Madrina+del+arte+de+la+performance&rft.date=2024-04-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgraffica.info%2Fmarina-abramovic-la-madrina-del-arte-de-la-performance%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarina+Abramovi%C4%87" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoizman2018" class="citation news cs1">Roizman, Ilene (November 5, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scene360.com/art/116663/marina-abramovic/">"Marina Abramovic pushes the limits of performance art"</a>. Scene 360. Retrieved June 30, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scene+360&rft.atitle=Marina+Abramovic+pushes+the+limits+of+performance+art&rft.date=2018-11-05&rft.aulast=Roizman&rft.aufirst=Ilene&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscene360.com%2Fart%2F116663%2Fmarina-abramovic%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarina+Abramovi%C4%87" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChristiane.2008" class="citation book cs1">Christiane., Weidemann (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/50womenartistsyo0000weid">50 women artists you should know</a>. Larass, Petra., Klier, Melanie, 1970–. 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Retrieved March 2, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=pravda.rs&rft.atitle=%D0%A1%D0%92%D0%95%D0%A2%D0%9E%D0%93%D0%A0%D0%82%D0%95%21+%D0%92%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%9B+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%9A%D0%B5+%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BE+%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD+%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8+%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%9B%21+%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%BE+%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%85+170+%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0+%28%D0%A1%D0%9F%D0%98%D0%A1%D0%90%D0%9A%29&rft.date=2015-05-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpravda.rs%2F2021%2F2%2F15%2Fsvetogrdje-vucic-na-sretenje-dodelio-orden-marini-abramovic-evo-svih-170-imena-spisak%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarina+Abramovi%C4%87" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fpa.es/en/communication/marina-abramovic-princess-of-asturias-award-for-the-arts.html?idCategoria=0&fechaDesde=&especifica=0&texto=&fechaHasta=&tipo=0">"Marina Abramović, Princess of Asturias Award for the Arts"</a>. 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January 19, 2023. Retrieved October 7, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Conceptual+performance+artist+is+awarded+the+Sonning+Prize&rft.date=2023-01-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.ku.dk%2Fall_news%2F2023%2F01%2Fconceptual-performance-artist-is-awarded-the-sonning-prize%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarina+Abramovi%C4%87" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> "Gatecrasher" (staff writer), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120710072619/http://articles.nydailynews.com/2011-04-18/gossip/29464872_1_marina-abramovic-performance-artist-guggenheim">"Kim Cattrall and performance artist Marina Abramovic are unlikely 'Sex and the City' buddies"</a>, New York Daily News, April 18, 2011. Retrieved April 26, 2011. </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Marina_Abramovi%C4%87&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output 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(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> Marina Abramović at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Marina_Abramovi%C4%87" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Marina Abramović">Media</a> from Commons</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Marina_Abramovi%C4%87" class="extiw" title="n:Marina Abramović">News</a> from Wikinews</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Marina_Abramovi%C4%87" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Marina Abramović">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Marina_Abramovi%C4%87" class="extiw" title="s:Special:Search/Marina Abramović">Texts</a> from Wikisource</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/54px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Marina_Abramovi%C4%87" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/Marina Abramović">Textbooks</a> from Wikibooks</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/54px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Marina_Abramovi%C4%87" class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/Marina Abramović">Resources</a> from Wikiversity</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/41px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/54px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47496" class="extiw" title="d:Q47496">Data</a> from Wikidata</li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mai.art">Official website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.moma.org/audio/playlist/243">Hear the artist speak about her work</a> MoMA Audio: Marina Abramović: The Artist Is Present</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.moma.org/interactives/exhibitions/2010/marinaabramovic/">Marina Abramović: The Artist Is Present</a> at MoMA</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.serpentinegalleries.org/exhibitions-events/marina-abramovic-512-hours">Marina Abramović: 512 Hours</a> at the Serpentine Galleries</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160223062418/http://channel.louisiana.dk/video/marina-abramovi%C4%87-advice-young">Marina Abramović: Advice to Young Artists</a> Video by <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Channel" title="Louisiana Channel">Louisiana Channel</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://channel.louisiana.dk/video/marina-abramović-ulay-living-door-museum">Marina Abramović & Ulay: Living Doors of the Museum</a> Video by <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Channel" title="Louisiana Channel">Louisiana Channel</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://channel.louisiana.dk/video/story-marina-abramovic-ulay">The Story of Marina Abramović and Ulay</a> Video by <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Channel" title="Louisiana Channel">Louisiana Channel</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://channel.louisiana.dk/video/marinaabramovic-electricity-passing-through">47-minute in-depth interview – Marina Abramović: Electricity Passing Through</a> Video by <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Channel" title="Louisiana Channel">Louisiana Channel</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160106160831/http://www.skny.com/artists/marina-abramovi/%3AMarina">Abramovic SKNY</a> Sean Kelly Gallery</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/art21/artists/marina-abramovic/">Marina Abramović</a> at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/art21/">Art:21</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.artnet.com/art-world/marina-abramovic-macaron-1102277">Marina Abramović on Artnet</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oma.eu/projects/marina-abramovic-institute">Marina Abramovic Institute, Hudson, NY</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lissongallery.com/artists/marina-abramovic">Marina Abramović at the Lisson Gallery</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.royalacademy.org.uk/exhibition/marina-abramovic">Royal Academy of Arts Marina Abramović</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style 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.navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Laureates_of_the_Prince_or_Princess_of_Asturias_Award_for_the_Arts98" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#99d6ff;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ 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template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Princess_of_Asturias_Award_for_the_Arts" title="Template talk:Princess of Asturias Award for the Arts"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Princess_of_Asturias_Award_for_the_Arts" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Princess of Asturias Award for the Arts"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Laureates_of_the_Prince_or_Princess_of_Asturias_Award_for_the_Arts98" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Laureates of the <a href="/wiki/Princess_of_Asturias_Awards" title="Princess of Asturias Awards">Prince or Princess of Asturias Award</a> for the Arts</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#addeff;"><div id="Prince_of_Asturias_Award_for_the_Arts37" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Prince of Asturias Award for the Arts</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1981: <a href="/wiki/Jes%C3%BAs_L%C3%B3pez_Cobos" title="Jesús López Cobos">Jesús López Cobos</a></li> <li>1982: <a href="/wiki/Pablo_Serrano" title="Pablo Serrano">Pablo Serrano</a></li> <li>1983: <a href="/wiki/Eusebio_Sempere" title="Eusebio Sempere">Eusebio Sempere</a></li> <li>1984: <a href="/wiki/Orfe%C3%B3n_Donostiarra" title="Orfeón Donostiarra">Orfeón Donostiarra</a></li> <li>1985: <a href="/wiki/Antonio_L%C3%B3pez_Garc%C3%ADa" title="Antonio López García">Antonio López García</a></li> <li>1986: <a href="/wiki/Luis_Garc%C3%ADa_Berlanga" title="Luis García Berlanga">Luis García Berlanga</a></li> <li>1987: <a href="/wiki/Eduardo_Chillida" title="Eduardo Chillida">Eduardo Chillida</a></li> <li>1988: <a href="/wiki/Jorge_Oteiza" title="Jorge Oteiza">Jorge Oteiza</a></li> <li>1989: <a href="/wiki/Oscar_Niemeyer" title="Oscar Niemeyer">Oscar Niemeyer</a></li> <li>1990: <a href="/wiki/Antoni_T%C3%A0pies" title="Antoni Tàpies">Antoni Tàpies</a></li> <li>1991: <a href="/wiki/Victoria_de_los_%C3%81ngeles" title="Victoria de los Ángeles">Victoria de los Ángeles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Teresa_Berganza" title="Teresa Berganza">Teresa Berganza</a>, <a href="/wiki/Montserrat_Caball%C3%A9" title="Montserrat Caballé">Montserrat Caballé</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Carreras" title="José Carreras">José Carreras</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pilar_Lorengar" title="Pilar Lorengar">Pilar Lorengar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alfredo_Kraus" title="Alfredo Kraus">Alfredo Kraus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pl%C3%A1cido_Domingo" title="Plácido Domingo">Plácido Domingo</a></li> <li>1992: <a href="/wiki/Roberto_Matta" title="Roberto Matta">Roberto Matta</a></li> <li>1993: <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Javier_S%C3%A1enz_de_Oiza" title="Francisco Javier Sáenz de Oiza">Francisco Javier Sáenz de Oiza</a></li> <li>1994: <a href="/wiki/Alicia_de_Larrocha" title="Alicia de Larrocha">Alicia de Larrocha</a></li> <li>1995: <a href="/wiki/Fernando_Fern%C3%A1n_G%C3%B3mez" title="Fernando Fernán Gómez">Fernando Fernán Gómez</a></li> <li>1996: <a href="/wiki/Joaqu%C3%ADn_Rodrigo" title="Joaquín Rodrigo">Joaquín Rodrigo</a></li> <li>1997: <a href="/wiki/Vittorio_Gassman" title="Vittorio Gassman">Vittorio Gassman</a></li> <li>1998: <a href="/wiki/Sebasti%C3%A3o_Salgado" title="Sebastião Salgado">Sebastião Salgado</a></li> <li>1999: <a href="/wiki/Santiago_Calatrava" title="Santiago Calatrava">Santiago Calatrava</a></li> <li>2000: <a href="/wiki/Barbara_Hendricks" title="Barbara Hendricks">Barbara Hendricks</a></li> <li>2001: <a href="/wiki/Krzysztof_Penderecki" title="Krzysztof Penderecki">Krzysztof Penderecki</a></li> <li>2002: <a href="/wiki/Woody_Allen" title="Woody Allen">Woody Allen</a></li> <li>2003: <a href="/wiki/Miquel_Barcel%C3%B3" title="Miquel Barceló">Miquel Barceló</a></li> <li>2004: <a href="/wiki/Paco_de_Luc%C3%ADa" title="Paco de Lucía">Paco de Lucía</a></li> <li>2005: <a href="/wiki/Maya_Plisetskaya" title="Maya Plisetskaya">Maya Plisetskaya</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tamara_Rojo" title="Tamara Rojo">Tamara Rojo</a></li> <li>2006: <a href="/wiki/Pedro_Almod%C3%B3var" title="Pedro Almodóvar">Pedro Almodóvar</a></li> <li>2007: <a href="/wiki/Bob_Dylan" title="Bob Dylan">Bob Dylan</a></li> <li>2008: <a href="/wiki/El_Sistema" title="El Sistema">Sistema de Orquesta Juvenil e Infantil de Venezuela</a></li> <li>2009: <a href="/wiki/Norman_Foster,_Baron_Foster_of_Thames_Bank" title="Norman Foster, Baron Foster of Thames Bank">Norman Foster</a></li> <li>2010: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Serra" title="Richard Serra">Richard Serra</a></li> <li>2011: <a href="/wiki/Riccardo_Muti" title="Riccardo Muti">Riccardo Muti</a></li> <li>2012: <a href="/wiki/Rafael_Moneo" title="Rafael Moneo">Rafael Moneo</a></li> <li>2013: <a href="/wiki/Michael_Haneke" title="Michael Haneke">Michael Haneke</a></li> <li>2014: <a href="/wiki/Frank_Gehry" title="Frank Gehry">Frank Gehry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#addeff;"><div id="Princess_of_Asturias_Award_for_the_Arts39" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Princess of Asturias Award for the Arts</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2015: <a href="/wiki/Francis_Ford_Coppola" title="Francis Ford Coppola">Francis Ford Coppola</a></li> <li>2016: <a href="/wiki/N%C3%BAria_Espert" title="Núria Espert">Núria Espert</a></li> <li>2017: <a href="/wiki/William_Kentridge" title="William Kentridge">William Kentridge</a></li> <li>2018: <a href="/wiki/Martin_Scorsese" title="Martin Scorsese">Martin Scorsese</a></li> <li>2019: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Brook" title="Peter Brook">Peter Brook</a></li> <li>2020: <a href="/wiki/Ennio_Morricone" title="Ennio Morricone">Ennio Morricone</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Williams" title="John Williams">John Williams</a></li> <li>2021: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Marina Abramović</a></li> <li>2022: <a href="/wiki/Carmen_Linares" title="Carmen Linares">Carmen Linares</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_Pag%C3%A9s" title="María Pagés">María Pagés</a></li> <li>2023: <a href="/wiki/Meryl_Streep" title="Meryl Streep">Meryl Streep</a></li> <li>2024: <a href="/wiki/Joan_Manuel_Serrat" title="Joan Manuel Serrat">Joan Manuel Serrat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Recipients_of_the_Sonning_Prize35" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sonning_Prize_laureates" title="Template:Sonning Prize laureates"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sonning_Prize_laureates" title="Template talk:Sonning Prize laureates"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sonning_Prize_laureates" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sonning Prize laureates"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Recipients_of_the_Sonning_Prize35" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Recipients of the <a href="/wiki/Sonning_Prize" title="Sonning Prize">Sonning Prize</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a> (1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Schweitzer" title="Albert Schweitzer">Albert Schweitzer</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell">Bertrand Russell</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niels_Bohr" title="Niels Bohr">Niels Bohr</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alvar_Aalto" title="Alvar Aalto">Alvar Aalto</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Barth" title="Karl Barth">Karl Barth</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominique_Pire" title="Dominique Pire">Dominique Pire</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_von_Coudenhove-Kalergi" title="Richard von Coudenhove-Kalergi">Richard von Coudenhove-Kalergi</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurence_Olivier" title="Laurence Olivier">Laurence Olivier</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willem_Visser_%27t_Hooft" title="Willem Visser 't Hooft">Willem Visser 't Hooft</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Koestler" title="Arthur Koestler">Arthur Koestler</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halld%C3%B3r_Laxness" title="Halldór Laxness">Halldór Laxness</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Tau" title="Max Tau">Max Tau</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danilo_Dolci" title="Danilo Dolci">Danilo Dolci</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Popper" title="Karl Popper">Karl Popper</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannah_Arendt" title="Hannah Arendt">Hannah Arendt</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arne_N%C3%A6ss" title="Arne Næss">Arne Næss</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Gmeiner" title="Hermann Gmeiner">Hermann Gmeiner</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dario_Fo" title="Dario Fo">Dario Fo</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simone_de_Beauvoir" title="Simone de Beauvoir">Simone de Beauvoir</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Heinesen" title="William Heinesen">William Heinesen</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%BCrgen_Habermas" title="Jürgen Habermas">Jürgen Habermas</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingmar_Bergman" title="Ingmar Bergman">Ingmar Bergman</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A1clav_Havel" title="Václav Havel">Václav Havel</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krzysztof_Kie%C5%9Blowski" title="Krzysztof Kieślowski">Krzysztof Kieślowski</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Grass" title="Günter Grass">Günter Grass</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B8rn_Utzon" title="Jørn Utzon">Jørn Utzon</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugenio_Barba" title="Eugenio Barba">Eugenio Barba</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Robinson" title="Mary Robinson">Mary Robinson</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mona_Hatoum" title="Mona Hatoum">Mona Hatoum</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%81gnes_Heller" title="Ágnes Heller">Ágnes Heller</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renzo_Piano" title="Renzo Piano">Renzo Piano</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Magnus_Enzensberger" title="Hans Magnus Enzensberger">Hans Magnus Enzensberger</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orhan_Pamuk" title="Orhan Pamuk">Orhan Pamuk</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Haneke" title="Michael Haneke">Michael Haneke</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lars_von_Trier" title="Lars von Trier">Lars von Trier</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Svetlana_Alexievich" title="Svetlana Alexievich">Svetlana Alexievich</a> (2021)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Marina Abramović</a> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Performance_art78" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Performance_art" title="Template:Performance art"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Performance_art" title="Template talk:Performance art"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Performance_art" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Performance art"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Performance_art78" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Performance_art" title="Performance art">Performance art</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:;width:1%">Work</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/7000_Oaks" title="7000 Oaks">7000 Oaks</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amen_or_The_Pederasty" title="Amen or The Pederasty">Amen or The Pederasty</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bed-in" title="Bed-in">Bed-in</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breathing_in/breathing_out" title="Breathing in/breathing out">Breathing in/breathing out</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Body_Pressure" title="Body Pressure">Body Pressure</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buried_(performance_art)" title="Buried (performance art)">Buried</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceci_N%27est_Pas_Un_Viol" title="Ceci N'est Pas Un Viol">Ceci N'est Pas Un Viol</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Couple_in_The_Cage:_Two_Undiscovered_Amerindians_Visit_the_West" title="Couple in The Cage: Two Undiscovered Amerindians Visit the West">Couple in The Cage: Two Undiscovered Amerindians Visit the West</a> (1992–93)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cut_Piece_1964" title="Cut Piece 1964">Cut Piece</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eating_(performance_art)" title="Eating (performance art)">Eating</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empathy_and_Prostitution" title="Empathy and Prostitution">Empathy and Prostitution</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_for_the_Spirit" title="Food for the Spirit">Food for the Spirit</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/How_to_Explain_Pictures_to_a_Dead_Hare" title="How to Explain Pictures to a Dead Hare">How to Explain Pictures to a Dead Hare</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/I%27m_too_sad_to_tell_you" title="I'm too sad to tell you">I'm too sad to tell you</a> (1970–71)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luminosity_(performance_art)" title="Luminosity (performance art)">Luminosity</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mattress_Performance_(Carry_That_Weight)" title="Mattress Performance (Carry That Weight)">Mattress Performance (Carry That Weight)</a> (2014–2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_%26_Other" title="One & Other">One & Other</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rest_Energy_(performance_piece)" title="Rest Energy (performance piece)">Rest Energy</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhythm_10" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhythm 10">Rhythm 10</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhythm_5" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhythm 5">Rhythm 5</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhythm_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhythm 2">Rhythm 2</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhythm_0" title="Rhythm 0">Rhythm 0</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seedbed_(performance_piece)" title="Seedbed (performance piece)">Seedbed</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Easy_Pieces" title="Seven Easy Pieces">Seven Easy Pieces</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shot_Marilyns" title="Shot Marilyns">Shot Marilyns</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Artist_Is_Present_(performance_art)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Artist Is Present (performance art)">The Artist Is Present</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Death_of_The_Artist" title="The Death of The Artist">The Death of The Artist</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Fathers" title="The Fathers">The Fathers</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Shadow_(performance_art)" title="The Shadow (performance art)">The Shadow</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Shame_(performance_art)" title="The Shame (performance art)">The Shame</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Weeks_in_May" title="Three Weeks in May">Three Weeks in May</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Untitled_(Rape_Scene)" title="Untitled (Rape Scene)">Untitled (Rape Scene)</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Untitled_(Senior_Thesis)" title="Untitled (Senior Thesis)">Untitled [Senior Thesis], 2008</a> (2008)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_performance_artists" title="List of performance artists">Artists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Marina Abramović</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vito_Acconci" title="Vito Acconci">Vito Acconci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bas_Jan_Ader" title="Bas Jan Ader">Bas Jan Ader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurie_Anderson" title="Laurie Anderson">Laurie Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Athey" title="Ron Athey">Ron Athey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abel_Azcona" title="Abel Azcona">Abel Azcona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franko_B" title="Franko B">Franko B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Barney" title="Matthew Barney">Matthew Barney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebecca_Belmore" title="Rebecca Belmore">Rebecca Belmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Beuys" title="Joseph Beuys">Joseph Beuys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Blaine" title="David Blaine">David Blaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Bloch_(artist)" title="Mark Bloch (artist)">Mark Bloch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuart_Brisley" title="Stuart Brisley">Stuart Brisley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Brus" title="Günter Brus">Günter Brus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Buchanan" title="Nancy Buchanan">Nancy Buchanan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Burden" title="Chris Burden">Chris Burden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Lee_Byars" title="James Lee Byars">James Lee Byars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophie_Calle" title="Sophie Calle">Sophie Calle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papo_Colo" title="Papo Colo">Papo Colo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valie_Export" title="Valie Export">Valie Export</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Flanagan_(performance_artist)" title="Bob Flanagan (performance artist)">Bob Flanagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terry_Fox_(artist)" title="Terry Fox (artist)">Terry Fox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coco_Fusco" title="Coco Fusco">Coco Fusco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guillermo_G%C3%B3mez-Pe%C3%B1a" title="Guillermo Gómez-Peña">Guillermo Gómez-Peña</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cai_Guo-Qiang" title="Cai Guo-Qiang">Cai Guo-Qiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ann_Hamilton_(artist)" title="Ann Hamilton (artist)">Ann Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Hammons" title="David Hammons">David Hammons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo_Hanson" title="Jo Hanson">Jo Hanson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Harrison_Studio" title="The Harrison Studio">Newton Harrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharon_Hayes_(artist)" title="Sharon Hayes (artist)">Sharon Hayes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynn_Hershman" class="mw-redirect" title="Lynn Hershman">Lynn Hershman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebecca_Horn" title="Rebecca Horn">Rebecca Horn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tehching_Hsieh" title="Tehching Hsieh">Tehching Hsieh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Huan" title="Zhang Huan">Zhang Huan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natalie_Jeremijenko" title="Natalie Jeremijenko">Natalie Jeremijenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_Jonas" title="Joan Jonas">Joan Jonas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allan_Kaprow" title="Allan Kaprow">Allan Kaprow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andy_Kaufman" title="Andy Kaufman">Andy Kaufman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ragnar_Kjartansson_(performance_artist)" title="Ragnar Kjartansson (performance artist)">Ragnar Kjartansson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yves_Klein" title="Yves Klein">Yves Klein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terence_Koh" title="Terence Koh">Terence Koh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Kos" title="Paul Kos">Paul Kos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yayoi_Kusama" title="Yayoi Kusama">Yayoi Kusama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzanne_Lacy" title="Suzanne Lacy">Suzanne Lacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoebe_Legere" title="Phoebe Legere">Phoebe Legere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Luna" title="James Luna">James Luna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miki_Mal%C3%B6r" title="Miki Malör">Miki Malör</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Millikin" title="Eric Millikin">Eric Millikin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marta_Minuj%C3%ADn" title="Marta Minujín">Marta Minujín</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kent_Monkman" title="Kent Monkman">Kent Monkman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linda_Montano" title="Linda Montano">Linda Montano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Moore_(performance_artist)" title="Frank Moore (performance artist)">Frank Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Moorman" title="Charlotte Moorman">Charlotte Moorman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Nauman" title="Bruce Nauman">Bruce Nauman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirin_Neshat" title="Shirin Neshat">Shirin Neshat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Oleszko" title="Pat Oleszko">Pat Oleszko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pauline_Oliveros" title="Pauline Oliveros">Pauline Oliveros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mihai_Olos" title="Mihai Olos">Mihai Olos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoko_Ono" title="Yoko Ono">Yoko Ono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eiko_and_Koma" class="mw-redirect" title="Eiko and Koma">Eiko Otaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nam_June_Paik" title="Nam June Paik">Nam June Paik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gina_Pane" title="Gina Pane">Gina Pane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Pauline" title="Mark Pauline">Mark Pauline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petr_Pavlensky" title="Petr Pavlensky">Petr Pavlensky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Podber" title="Dorothy Podber">Dorothy Podber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Pomeroy_(artist)" title="Jim Pomeroy (artist)">Jim Pomeroy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duke_Riley_(artist)" title="Duke Riley (artist)">Duke Riley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Rosenthal" title="Rachel Rosenthal">Rachel Rosenthal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Rosler" title="Martha Rosler">Martha Rosler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carolee_Schneemann" title="Carolee Schneemann">Carolee Schneemann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tino_Sehgal" title="Tino Sehgal">Tino Sehgal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aliza_Shvarts" title="Aliza Shvarts">Aliza Shvarts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_T._Smith" title="Barbara T. Smith">Barbara T. Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Smith_(performance_artist)" title="Michael Smith (performance artist)">Michael Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stelarc" title="Stelarc">Stelarc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melati_Suryodarmo" title="Melati Suryodarmo">Melati Suryodarmo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mierle_Laderman_Ukeles" title="Mierle Laderman Ukeles">Mierle Laderman Ukeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulay" title="Ulay">Ulay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolf_Vostell" title="Wolf Vostell">Wolf Vostell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Whitman" title="Robert Whitman">Robert Whitman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannah_Wilke" title="Hannah Wilke">Hannah Wilke</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:;width:1%">Groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ant_Farm_(group)" title="Ant Farm (group)">Ant Farm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concept_21" title="Concept 21">Concept 21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COUM_Transmissions" title="COUM Transmissions">COUM Transmissions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fallen_Fruit" title="Fallen Fruit">Fallen Fruit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Idea" title="General Idea">General Idea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LaBeouf,_R%C3%B6nkk%C3%B6_%26_Turner" title="LaBeouf, Rönkkö & Turner">LaBeouf, Rönkkö & Turner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Urban_Rangers" title="Los Angeles Urban Rangers">Los Angeles Urban Rangers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mavo" title="Mavo">Mavo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Yes_Men" title="The Yes Men">The Yes Men</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:;width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mondo_New_York" title="Mondo New York">Mondo New York</a> (1988 film)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kusama:_Infinity" title="Kusama: Infinity">Kusama: Infinity</a> (2018 film)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:;width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Body_art" title="Body art">Body art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endurance_art" title="Endurance art">Endurance art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_art" title="Feminist art">Feminist art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluxus" title="Fluxus">Fluxus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Happening" title="Happening">Happening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunger_artist" title="Hunger artist">Hunger artist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monochrom" title="Monochrom">monochrom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Participatory_art" title="Participatory art">Participatory art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Performance_art_in_China" title="Performance art in China">Performance art in China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Survival_Research_Laboratories" title="Survival Research Laboratories">Survival Research Laboratories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viennese_Actionism" title="Viennese Actionism">Viennese Actionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Process_art" title="Process art">Process art</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Endurance_art60" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Endurance_art" title="Template:Endurance art"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Endurance_art" title="Template talk:Endurance art"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Endurance_art" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Endurance art"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Endurance_art60" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Endurance_art" title="Endurance art">Endurance art</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:;width:1%">Work</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cut_Piece_1964" title="Cut Piece 1964">Cut Piece 1964</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoot_(Burden)" title="Shoot (Burden)">Shoot</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_Day_Locker_Piece" title="Five Day Locker Piece">Five Day Locker Piece</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seedbed_(performance_piece)" title="Seedbed (performance piece)">Seedbed</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhythm_0" title="Rhythm 0">Rhythm 0</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Untitled_(Senior_Thesis)" title="Untitled (Senior Thesis)">Untitled [Senior Thesis], 2008</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Artist_Is_Present_(performance_art)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Artist Is Present (performance art)">The Artist Is Present</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mattress_Performance_(Carry_That_Weight)" title="Mattress Performance (Carry That Weight)">Mattress Performance (Carry That Weight)</a> (2014-2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Death_of_The_Artist" title="The Death of The Artist">The Death of The Artist</a> (2018)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_performance_artists" title="List of performance artists">Artists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Marina Abramović</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abel_Azcona" title="Abel Azcona">Abel Azcona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Burden" title="Chris Burden">Chris Burden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Flanagan_(performance_artist)" title="Bob Flanagan (performance artist)">Bob Flanagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tehching_Hsieh" title="Tehching Hsieh">Tehching Hsieh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47496#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata4025" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47496#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata4025" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47496#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000122783921">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/37035899">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/228705/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJrrDcD8QfMTMDyDxwkhpP">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/11908273X">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n88060401">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12573764n">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12573764n">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00754086">Japan</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/CFIV136500">Italy</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an36100331">Australia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=xx0116193&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1317544">Spain</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p069801347">Netherlands</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90843188">Norway</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000009696&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000355630&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=342992">Greece</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC202260876">Korea</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/b8nrxrjv5fvhfqd">Sweden</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810644584505606">Poland</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007257490005171">Israel</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058514427906706">Catalonia</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA11954749?l=en">CiNii</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500115967">ULAN</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/d74ed8e6-a9a0-445c-b9ce-413f8435525d">MusicBrainz</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rkd.nl/en/explore/artists/240">RKD Artists</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kulturnav.org/c773bdda-6624-4ce1-ac65-6750e27be658">KulturNav</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.moma.org/artists/26439">Museum of Modern Art</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pic.nypl.org/constituents/20772">Photographers' Identities</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.performing-arts.eu/discovery/agent/gnd_11908273X">FID</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1212369">Trove</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/11908273X.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/11908273X">DDB</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/035055677">IdRef</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6t74f68">SNAC</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marina_Abramović&oldid=1277787228">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marina_Abramović&oldid=1277787228</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" 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people</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Film_people_from_Belgrade" title="Category:Film people from Belgrade">Film people from Belgrade</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Recipients_of_the_Austrian_Decoration_for_Science_and_Art" title="Category:Recipients of the Austrian Decoration for Science and Art">Recipients of the Austrian Decoration for Science and Art</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Serbian_contemporary_artists" title="Category:Serbian contemporary artists">Serbian contemporary artists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Serbian_expatriates_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Serbian expatriates in the United States">Serbian expatriates in the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Serbian_philanthropists" title="Category:Serbian philanthropists">Serbian philanthropists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Signalism" title="Category:Signalism">Signalism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Walking_artists" title="Category:Walking artists">Walking 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