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language. Available in 88 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-88" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">88 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keiserin-weduwee_en_regentes_Cixi" title="Keiserin-weduwee en regentes Cixi – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Keiserin-weduwee en regentes Cixi" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9_%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B4%D9%8A" title="الإمبراطورة الأرملة تسيشي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الإمبراطورة الأرملة تسيشي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cix%C3%AD" title="Cixí – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Cixí" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ts%C4%B1si" title="Tsısi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Tsısi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B2%DB%8C_%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%A1" title="تزی شیء – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="تزی شیء" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%BB-hi_Th%C3%A0i-hi%C5%8D" title="Chû-hi Thài-hiō – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chû-hi Thài-hiō" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Цыси – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Цыси" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%96" title="Цысі – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Цысі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%8B_%D0%A1%D1%96" title="Цы Сі – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Цы Сі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%8A%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Цъси – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Цъси" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%92%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%A3%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A1%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%98%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%9A%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%9E%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8D" title="རྒྱལ་ཡུམ་ཚི་ཞི། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="རྒྱལ་ཡུམ་ཚི་ཞི།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carica_Ciksi" title="Carica Ciksi – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Carica Ciksi" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cixi" title="Cixi – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Cixi" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cixi" title="Cixi – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cixi" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Цыси – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Цыси" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cch%E2%80%99-si" title="Cch’-si – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Cch’-si" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ymerodres_Cixi" title="Ymerodres Cixi – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ymerodres Cixi" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enkekejserinde_Cixi" title="Enkekejserinde Cixi – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Enkekejserinde Cixi" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cixi" title="Cixi – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Cixi" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cixi" title="Cixi – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Cixi" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CF%83%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%AF" title="Τσισί – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τσισί" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empress_Dowager_Cixi" title="Empress Dowager Cixi – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Empress Dowager Cixi" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cix%C3%AD" title="Cixí – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cixí" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ci%C5%9Dji" title="Ciŝji – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ciŝji" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cixi" title="Cixi – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Cixi" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B2%DB%8C_%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%A1" title="تزی شیء – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تزی شیء" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cixi" title="Cixi – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Cixi" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cixi" title="Cixi – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Cixi" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chh%E1%B9%B3%CC%80-h%C3%AD_Thai-heu" title="Chhṳ̀-hí Thai-heu – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Chhṳ̀-hí Thai-heu" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%84%9C%ED%83%9C%ED%9B%84" title="서태후 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="서태후" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%91%D5%AB_%D5%8D%D5%AB_%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%BD%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B0%D5%AB" title="Ցի Սի կայսրուհի – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ցի Սի կայսրուհի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cixi" title="Cixi – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Cixi" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cixi" title="Cixi – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Cixi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cixi_keisaraekkja" title="Cixi keisaraekkja – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Cixi keisaraekkja" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cixi" title="Cixi – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cixi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%D7%94_%D7%A9%D7%99,_%D7%94%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%94_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%9F" title="צה שי, הקיסרית האלמנה של סין – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="צה שי, הקיסרית האלמנה של סין" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cixi" title="Cixi – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Cixi" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="ცისი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ცისი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cixi" title="Cixi – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Cixi" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malkia_Cixi" title="Malkia Cixi – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Malkia Cixi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsi-shi" title="Tsi-shi – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Tsi-shi" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cixi" title="Cixi – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Cixi" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cisji" title="Cisji – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Cisji" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperatorien%C4%97_Cisi" title="Imperatorienė Cisi – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Imperatorienė Cisi" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ce-hszi_k%C3%ADnai_cs%C3%A1sz%C3%A1rn%C3%A9" title="Ce-hszi kínai császárné – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ce-hszi kínai császárné" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Циси – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Циси" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emperora_Cixi" title="Emperora Cixi – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Emperora Cixi" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF" title="സിക്സി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സിക്സി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%80" title="सिशी – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="सिशी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B4%D9%89" title="تسيشى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="تسيشى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharani_Balu_Cixi" title="Maharani Balu Cixi – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Maharani Balu Cixi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%E1%B9%B3%CC%80-h%C4%AD_T%C3%A1i-h%C3%A2iu" title="Cṳ̀-hĭ Tái-hâiu – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Cṳ̀-hĭ Tái-hâiu" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%8B%D1%88%D0%B8" title="Цыши – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Цыши" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AE%E1%80%85%E1%80%AE" title="ရှီစီ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ရှီစီ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cixi_(keizerin)" title="Cixi (keizerin) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Cixi (keizerin)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF" title="महालानी डोवाजर किक्सि – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="महालानी डोवाजर किक्सि" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%A4%AA%E5%90%8E" title="西太后 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="西太后" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cixi" title="Cixi – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Cixi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cixi" title="Cixi – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Cixi" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cixi" title="Cixi – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Cixi" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%DA%A9%DB%81_%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D8%B4%DB%8C" title="ملکہ سی شی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ملکہ سی شی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%DA%A9%D9%87_%D8%AF%D9%88%DB%90%D8%AC%D8%B1_%D8%B3%DB%8C%DA%86%D9%8A" title="سترواکه دوېجر سیچي – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="سترواکه دوېجر سیچي" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cixi" title="Cixi – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Cixi" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cixi" title="Cixi – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Cixi" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cixi" title="Cixi – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cixi" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Emp%C4%83r%C4%83teasa_v%C4%83duv%C4%83_Cixi" title="Împărăteasa văduvă Cixi – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Împărăteasa văduvă Cixi" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Цыси – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Цыси" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empress_Dowager_Cixi" title="Empress Dowager Cixi – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Empress Dowager Cixi" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cesarica_vdova_Ci%C5%A1i" title="Cesarica vdova Ciši – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Cesarica vdova Ciši" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cixi" title="Cixi – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Cixi" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Циси – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Циси" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cixi" title="Cixi – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Cixi" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cixi" title="Cixi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Cixi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%84nkekejsarinnan_Cixi" title="Änkekejsarinnan Cixi – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Änkekejsarinnan Cixi" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inang_Emperatris_Cixi" title="Inang Emperatris Cixi – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Inang Emperatris Cixi" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF" title="பேரரசி டோவாகர் சிக்சி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பேரரசி டோவாகர் சிக்சி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%97%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B2" title="ซูสีไทเฮา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ซูสีไทเฮา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cixi" title="Cixi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Cixi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%96" title="Цисі – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Цисі" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%DA%A9%DB%81_%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D8%B4%DB%8C" title="ملکہ سی شی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ملکہ سی شی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%E1%BB%AB_Hi_Th%C3%A1i_h%E1%BA%ADu" title="Từ Hi Thái hậu – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Từ Hi Thái hậu" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AD%9D%E6%AC%BD%E9%A1%AF%E7%9A%87%E5%90%8E" title="孝欽顯皇后 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="孝欽顯皇后" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cixi" title="Cixi – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Cixi" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%85%88%E7%A6%A7%E5%A4%AA%E5%90%8E" title="慈禧太后 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="慈禧太后" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%85%88%E7%A6%A7%E5%A4%AA%E5%90%8E" title="慈禧太后 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="慈禧太后" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87%C4%B1si" title="Çısi – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Çısi" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperatuorien%C4%97_Cisi" title="Imperatuorienė Cisi – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Imperatuorienė Cisi" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%85%88%E7%A6%A7%E5%A4%AA%E5%90%8E" title="慈禧太后 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" 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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9689576">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data div{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data div{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color: #cbe; font-size: 125%">Empress Xiao Qin Xian</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><i>Empress of China</i></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image photo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Ci-Xi_Imperial_Dowager_Empress_(9.2).PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/The_Ci-Xi_Imperial_Dowager_Empress_%289.2%29.PNG/220px-The_Ci-Xi_Imperial_Dowager_Empress_%289.2%29.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="313" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/The_Ci-Xi_Imperial_Dowager_Empress_%289.2%29.PNG/330px-The_Ci-Xi_Imperial_Dowager_Empress_%289.2%29.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/The_Ci-Xi_Imperial_Dowager_Empress_%289.2%29.PNG/440px-The_Ci-Xi_Imperial_Dowager_Empress_%289.2%29.PNG 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1421" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em 0.2em">Empress dowager of the Qing dynasty</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Tenure</th><td class="infobox-data">23 August 1861 – 15 November 1908</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Empress_Xiaojingcheng&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Empress Xiaojingcheng (not yet started)">Empress Dowager Kangci</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Empress_Dowager_Longyu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Empress Dowager Longyu (not yet started)">Empress Dowager Longyu</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em 0.2em"><div style="height: 4px; width:100%;"></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1835-11-29</span>)</span>November 29, 1835<br /><a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing dynasty</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">November 15, 1908<span style="display:none">(1908-11-15)</span> (aged 72)<br />Yiluan Hall, <a href="/wiki/Zhongnanhai" title="Zhongnanhai">Zhongnanhai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9640852">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xianfeng_Emperor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xianfeng Emperor (not yet started)">Xianfeng Emperor</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1852; died 1861)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Issue</th><td class="infobox-data">The Tongzhi Emperor</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Empress Dowager Cixi</b> <sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (November 29 1835 – November 15 1908), often known in <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> as the <b>West Dowager Empress</b> <sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was from the <a href="/wiki/Manchu" class="mw-redirect" title="Manchu">Manchu</a> Yehe Nara Clan. </p><p>Cixi was a powerful and charismatic figure who became the <i><a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a></i> ruler of the Manchu <a href="/wiki/Qing_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Qing Dynasty">Qing dynasty</a> and ruled over China for 47 years from 1861 to her death in 1908. She was one of the wives of Emperor Xianfeng and also the mother of Emperor Tongzhi. She quickly took power after the death of Emperor Xianfeng. Though her exact origins are unclear it is very likely that she came from an ordinary <a href="/wiki/Manchu" class="mw-redirect" title="Manchu">Manchu</a> family. She was chosen by Emperor Xianfeng as a <a href="/wiki/Concubinage" title="Concubinage">concubine</a>. She gained almost total control over the court at the start the rule of her son, Emperor Tongzhi,. He and her nephew, Emperor <a href="/wiki/Guangxu_Emperor" title="Guangxu Emperor">Guangxu</a>, attempted to rule in their own right. </p><p>As onesource tells it,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cixi had a partnership with the top concubine, Zhin, who had been raised to Empress. The two women ruled together, with Cixi being the dominant personality. </p><p>She was in charge during the <a href="/wiki/Opium_Wars" title="Opium Wars">Opium Wars</a>, the <a href="/wiki/First_Sino-Japanese_War" title="First Sino-Japanese War">First Sino-Japanese War</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Boxer_Rebellion" title="Boxer Rebellion">Boxer Rebellion</a>. She was largely <a href="/wiki/Conservative" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservative">conservative</a> during her rule, and some historians consider her reign <a href="/wiki/Despotic" class="mw-redirect" title="Despotic">despotism</a> and think it might have been responsible for the fall of the <a href="/wiki/Qing_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Qing Dynasty">Qing dynasty</a> and therefore Imperial China. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Qing_Dynasty_Ci-Xi_Dowager_Empress_of_China_at_the_time_being_the_Imperial_Concubine_Yi.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/The_Qing_Dynasty_Ci-Xi_Dowager_Empress_of_China_at_the_time_being_the_Imperial_Concubine_Yi.PNG/220px-The_Qing_Dynasty_Ci-Xi_Dowager_Empress_of_China_at_the_time_being_the_Imperial_Concubine_Yi.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="363" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/The_Qing_Dynasty_Ci-Xi_Dowager_Empress_of_China_at_the_time_being_the_Imperial_Concubine_Yi.PNG 1.5x" data-file-width="291" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Noble Consort Yi's portrait of Ci-Xi, when she was still Imperial Concubine</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Empress_Dowager_Cixi&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Change section: References" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Empress_Dowager_Cixi&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: References"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724317">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Names_of_Empress_Dowager_Cixi">1</a> (慈禧太后 Tz'u-Hsi T'ai-hou) An English-language story of her life was done by the BBC. episode 1: <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b03bdbpw">[1]</a>. A Chinese-speaker told the story, and pronounced her name as "Sershee". Note that the standard transcription of her name into alphabetic text is not similar to this actual pronunciation.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Chinese: 西太后</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Chang, Jung 2013. <i>Empress Dowager Cixi: the concubine who launched modern China</i>. London, Jonathan Cape. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724332">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780224087445" title="Special:BookSources/9780224087445">9780224087445</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li>Chung, Sue Fawn. 1979. <i>The much maligned Empress Dowager: a revisionist study of the Empress Dowager Tz'u-Hsi (1835-1908)</i>. <i>Modern Asian Studies</i> <b>13</b>, 2, 177-96.</li> <li>Hummel, Arthur William, ed. <i>Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period (1644-1912).</i> 2 vols. Washington: United States Government Printing Office, 1943.</li> <li>Warner, Marina. 1972. <i>The Dragon Empress: life and times of Tz'u-his 1835-1908</i>. Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1972.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_websites">Other websites</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Empress_Dowager_Cixi&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Change section: Other websites" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Empress_Dowager_Cixi&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Other websites"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9671870">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output 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