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title="Om prosjektet, kva du kan gjera, kvar du finn saker og ting"><span>Arbeidskontoret</span></a></li><li id="n-samfunnshuset" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Samfunnshuset"><span>Samfunnshuset</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Siste_endringar" title="Liste over dei siste endringane som er gjorde på wikien. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Siste endringar</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Tilfeldig_side" title="Vis ei tilfeldig side [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Tilfeldig side</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hjelp:Innhald" title="Hjelp til å bruke alle funksjonane."><span>Hjelp</span></a></li><li id="n-kontakt" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kontakt"><span>Kontakt</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-query" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-query emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Eksterne søk </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> På andre prosjekt </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Empress_Dowager_Cixi" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q47842" title="Lenkje til tilknytt element [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-element</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Hovudside" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; 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[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Logg inn</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Fleire val" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personlege verktøy" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personlege verktøy</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Brukarmeny" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_nn.wikipedia.org&uselang=nn"><span>Gåver</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Opprett_konto&returnto=Cixi" title="Me oppfordrar til at du oppretter ein konto og loggar inn, men det er ikkje påkravd."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Opprett konto</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Logg_inn&returnto=Cixi" title="Det er ikkje obligatorisk å logga inn, men medfører mange fordelar. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Logg inn</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Sider for utlogga bidragsytarar <a href="/wiki/Hjelp:Introduksjon" aria-label="Lær meir om redigering"><span>lær meir</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bidraga_mine" title="Liste over endringar gjorde frå denne IP-adressa [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bidrag</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Diskusjonssida_mi" title="Diskusjon om endringar gjorde av denne ip-adressa [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Diskusjon</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Nettstad"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Innhald" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Innhald</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">gøym</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Byrjinga</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Liv" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liv"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Liv</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liv-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ettermæle" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ettermæle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Ettermæle</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ettermæle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Edmund_Backhouses_forfalskingar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Edmund_Backhouses_forfalskingar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Edmund Backhouses forfalskingar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Edmund_Backhouses_forfalskingar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kjelder" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kjelder"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Kjelder</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kjelder-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bakgrunnsstoff" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bakgrunnsstoff"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Bakgrunnsstoff</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bakgrunnsstoff-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innhald" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vis/skjul innhaldslista" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vis/skjul innhaldslista</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Cixi</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå til ein artikkel på eit anna språk. Tilgjengeleg på 88 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-88" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">88 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cixi" title="Cixi – norsk bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Cixi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norsk bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="betre artikkel"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%84nkekejsarinnan_Cixi" title="Änkekejsarinnan Cixi – svensk" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Änkekejsarinnan Cixi" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enkekejserinde_Cixi" title="Enkekejserinde Cixi – dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Enkekejserinde Cixi" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keiserin-weduwee_en_regentes_Cixi" title="Keiserin-weduwee en regentes Cixi – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Keiserin-weduwee en regentes Cixi" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9_%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B4%D9%8A" title="الإمبراطورة الأرملة تسيشي – arabisk" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الإمبراطورة الأرملة تسيشي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cix%C3%AD" title="Cixí – asturisk" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Cixí" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ts%C4%B1si" title="Tsısi – aserbajdsjansk" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Tsısi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B2%DB%8C_%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%A1" title="تزی شیء – søraserbajdsjansk" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="تزی شیء" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="søraserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%BB-hi_Th%C3%A0i-hi%C5%8D" title="Chû-hi Thài-hiō – minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chû-hi Thài-hiō" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Цыси – basjkirsk" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Цыси" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="basjkirsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%96" title="Цысі – belarusisk" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Цысі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%8B_%D0%A1%D1%96" title="Цы Сі – belarusisk (klassisk ortografi)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Цы Сі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="belarusisk (klassisk ortografi)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%8A%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Цъси – bulgarsk" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Цъси" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%92%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%A3%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A1%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%98%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%9A%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%9E%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8D" title="རྒྱལ་ཡུམ་ཚི་ཞི། – tibetansk" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="རྒྱལ་ཡུམ་ཚི་ཞི།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carica_Ciksi" title="Carica Ciksi – bosnisk" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Carica Ciksi" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cixi" title="Cixi – bretonsk" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Cixi" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cixi" title="Cixi – katalansk" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cixi" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Цыси – tsjuvansk" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Цыси" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tsjuvansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cch%E2%80%99-si" title="Cch’-si – tsjekkisk" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Cch’-si" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tsjekkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ymerodres_Cixi" title="Ymerodres Cixi – walisisk" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ymerodres Cixi" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="god artikkel"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cixi" title="Cixi – tysk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Cixi" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cixi" title="Cixi – estisk" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Cixi" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CF%83%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%AF" title="Τσισί – gresk" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τσισί" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="gresk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empress_Dowager_Cixi" title="Empress Dowager Cixi – engelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Empress Dowager Cixi" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cix%C3%AD" title="Cixí – spansk" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cixí" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ci%C5%9Dji" title="Ciŝji – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ciŝji" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cixi" title="Cixi – baskisk" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Cixi" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B2%DB%8C_%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%A1" title="تزی شیء – persisk" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تزی شیء" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cixi" title="Cixi – fransk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Cixi" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cixi" title="Cixi – galisisk" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Cixi" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chh%E1%B9%B3%CC%80-h%C3%AD_Thai-heu" title="Chhṳ̀-hí Thai-heu – hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Chhṳ̀-hí Thai-heu" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%84%9C%ED%83%9C%ED%9B%84" title="서태후 – koreansk" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="서태후" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%91%D5%AB_%D5%8D%D5%AB_%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%BD%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B0%D5%AB" title="Ցի Սի կայսրուհի – armensk" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ցի Սի կայսրուհի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cixi" title="Cixi – kroatisk" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Cixi" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cixi" title="Cixi – indonesisk" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Cixi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cixi_keisaraekkja" title="Cixi keisaraekkja – islandsk" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Cixi keisaraekkja" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cixi" title="Cixi – italiensk" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cixi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%D7%94_%D7%A9%D7%99,_%D7%94%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%94_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%9F" title="צה שי, הקיסרית האלמנה של סין – hebraisk" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="צה שי, הקיסרית האלמנה של סין" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cixi" title="Cixi – javanesisk" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Cixi" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="ცისი – georgisk" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ცისი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cixi" title="Cixi – kornisk" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Cixi" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="kornisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malkia_Cixi" title="Malkia Cixi – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Malkia Cixi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsi-shi" title="Tsi-shi – ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Tsi-shi" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cixi" title="Cixi – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Cixi" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cisji" title="Cisji – latvisk" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Cisji" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperatorien%C4%97_Cisi" title="Imperatorienė Cisi – litauisk" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Imperatorienė Cisi" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ce-hszi_k%C3%ADnai_cs%C3%A1sz%C3%A1rn%C3%A9" title="Ce-hszi kínai császárné – ungarsk" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ce-hszi kínai császárné" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Циси – makedonsk" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Циси" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emperora_Cixi" title="Emperora Cixi – madagassisk" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Emperora Cixi" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="madagassisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF" title="സിക്സി – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സിക്സി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%80" title="सिशी – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="सिशी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B4%D9%89" title="تسيشى – egyptisk arabisk" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="تسيشى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egyptisk arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharani_Balu_Cixi" title="Maharani Balu Cixi – malayisk" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Maharani Balu Cixi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malayisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%E1%B9%B3%CC%80-h%C4%AD_T%C3%A1i-h%C3%A2iu" title="Cṳ̀-hĭ Tái-hâiu – mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Cṳ̀-hĭ Tái-hâiu" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%8B%D1%88%D0%B8" title="Цыши – mongolsk" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Цыши" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AE%E1%80%85%E1%80%AE" title="ရှီစီ – burmesisk" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ရှီစီ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="burmesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cixi_(keizerin)" title="Cixi (keizerin) – nederlandsk" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Cixi (keizerin)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF" title="महालानी डोवाजर किक्सि – newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="महालानी डोवाजर किक्सि" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%A4%AA%E5%90%8E" title="西太后 – japansk" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="西太后" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cixi" title="Cixi – oksitansk" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Cixi" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%DA%A9%DB%81_%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D8%B4%DB%8C" title="ملکہ سی شی – vestpunjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ملکہ سی شی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="vestpunjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%DA%A9%D9%87_%D8%AF%D9%88%DB%90%D8%AC%D8%B1_%D8%B3%DB%8C%DA%86%D9%8A" title="سترواکه دوېجر سیچي – pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="سترواکه دوېجر سیچي" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cixi" title="Cixi – lågtysk" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Cixi" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="lågtysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cixi" title="Cixi – polsk" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Cixi" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cixi" title="Cixi – portugisisk" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cixi" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Emp%C4%83r%C4%83teasa_v%C4%83duv%C4%83_Cixi" title="Împărăteasa văduvă Cixi – rumensk" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Împărăteasa văduvă Cixi" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Цыси – russisk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Цыси" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empress_Dowager_Cixi" title="Empress Dowager Cixi – skotsk" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Empress Dowager Cixi" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="skotsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empress_Dowager_Cixi" title="Empress Dowager Cixi – enkel engelsk" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Empress Dowager Cixi" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="enkel engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cesarica_vdova_Ci%C5%A1i" title="Cesarica vdova Ciši – slovensk" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Cesarica vdova Ciši" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cixi" title="Cixi – schlesisk" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Cixi" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="schlesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Циси – serbisk" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Циси" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cixi" title="Cixi – serbokroatisk" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Cixi" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cixi" title="Cixi – finsk" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Cixi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inang_Emperatris_Cixi" title="Inang Emperatris Cixi – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Inang Emperatris Cixi" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF" title="பேரரசி டோவாகர் சிக்சி – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பேரரசி டோவாகர் சிக்சி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%97%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B2" title="ซูสีไทเฮา – thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ซูสีไทเฮา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cixi" title="Cixi – tyrkisk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Cixi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tyrkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%96" title="Цисі – ukrainsk" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Цисі" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%DA%A9%DB%81_%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D8%B4%DB%8C" title="ملکہ سی شی – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ملکہ سی شی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%E1%BB%AB_Hi_Th%C3%A1i_h%E1%BA%ADu" title="Từ Hi Thái hậu – vietnamesisk" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Từ Hi Thái hậu" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AD%9D%E6%AC%BD%E9%A1%AF%E7%9A%87%E5%90%8E" title="孝欽顯皇后 – klassisk kinesisk" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="孝欽顯皇后" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="klassisk kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cixi" title="Cixi – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Cixi" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%85%88%E7%A6%A7%E5%A4%AA%E5%90%8E" title="慈禧太后 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="慈禧太后" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%85%88%E7%A6%A7%E5%A4%AA%E5%90%8E" title="慈禧太后 – kantonesisk" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="慈禧太后" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87%C4%B1si" title="Çısi – dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Çısi" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperatuorien%C4%97_Cisi" title="Imperatuorienė Cisi – samogitisk" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Imperatuorienė Cisi" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="samogitisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%85%88%E7%A6%A7%E5%A4%AA%E5%90%8E" title="慈禧太后 – kinesisk" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="慈禧太后" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q47842#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Endra mellomspråklege lenkjer" class="wbc-editpage">Endra lenkjer</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namnerom"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Cixi" title="Vis innhaldssida [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikkel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nn" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox vcard" cellspacing="5" style="width: 22em; text-align: left; font-size: 88%; line-height: 1.5em;"> <tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="fn" style="text-align:center; font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold; background:lightgrey; color:black; text-align:center;">Cixi</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; padding-bottom:0.5em;"> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Empress_Dowager_Cixi_(c._1890,_small_version)_-_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Empress_Dowager_Cixi_%28c._1890%2C_small_version%29_-_02.jpg/220px-Empress_Dowager_Cixi_%28c._1890%2C_small_version%29_-_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="358" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Empress_Dowager_Cixi_%28c._1890%2C_small_version%29_-_02.jpg/330px-Empress_Dowager_Cixi_%28c._1890%2C_small_version%29_-_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Empress_Dowager_Cixi_%28c._1890%2C_small_version%29_-_02.jpg/440px-Empress_Dowager_Cixi_%28c._1890%2C_small_version%29_-_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="805" data-file-height="1311" /></a></span><br /> Enkjekeisarinne Cixi, ca. 1890.</td></tr><tr class="bilde" valign="top"><td colspan="4" align="center" style="text-align:center;"></td></tr><tr><th style="line-height:1.1em;">Fødd</th><td class="" style="line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:middle;"><span><a href="/wiki/29._november" title="29. november">29. november</a> <a href="/wiki/1835" title="1835">1835</a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a></td></tr><tr><th style="line-height:1.1em;">Død</th><td class="" style="line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:middle;"><span><a href="/wiki/15._november" title="15. november">15. november</a> <a href="/wiki/1908" title="1908">1908</a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Spesial:AboutTopic/Q2558828" title="Spesial:AboutTopic/Q2558828">Keiserbyen</a></td></tr><tr><th style="line-height:1.1em;">Tittel</th><td class="" style="line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:AboutTopic/Q4918585" title="Spesial:AboutTopic/Q4918585">kinesisk keisarinne</a></td></tr><tr><th style="line-height:1.1em;">Hus eller slekt</th><td class="" style="line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:AboutTopic/Q934262" title="Spesial:AboutTopic/Q934262">Aisin Gioro</a></td></tr><tr><th style="line-height:1.1em;">Gravstad</th><td class="" style="line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:AboutTopic/Q306978" title="Spesial:AboutTopic/Q306978">Dei austlege Qinggravene</a></td></tr><tr><th style="line-height:1.1em;">Land</th><td class="" style="line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:middle;">Qing</td></tr><tr><th style="line-height:1.1em;">Far</th><td class="" style="line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:AboutTopic/Q8172466" title="Spesial:AboutTopic/Q8172466">Yehenara Huizheng</a></td></tr><tr><th style="line-height:1.1em;">Ektefelle</th><td class="" style="line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:AboutTopic/Q334452" title="Spesial:AboutTopic/Q334452">Xianfeng-keisaren</a></td></tr><tr><th style="line-height:1.1em;">Barn</th><td class="" style="line-height:1.3em; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:AboutTopic/Q318811" title="Spesial:AboutTopic/Q318811">Tongzhi-keisaren</a></td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>Enkjekeisarinne <b>Cíxi</b>, kinesisk 慈禧太后, <i>cíxi tàihòu</i> (<a href="/wiki/29._november" title="29. november">29. november</a> <a href="/wiki/1835" title="1835">1835</a>–<a href="/wiki/15._november" title="15. november">15. november</a> <a href="/wiki/1908" title="1908">1908</a>) var ein mektig og karismatisk person som var de facto-leiar av <a href="/wiki/Qing-dynastiet" class="mw-redirect" title="Qing-dynastiet">Qing-dynastiet</a> og styrte Kina i det meste av perioden frå 1861 og fram til 1908. Historikarar meiner at ho sannsynlegvis gjorde sitt beste for å handtere sine tids problem, men dei konservative haldningane hennar var ikkje til gagn for henne. Vestlege stormakter kunne dermed utnytte landet. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Liv">Liv</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cixi&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Endre bolk: Liv" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cixi&action=edit&section=1" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Liv"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Empress_Dowager_Cixi_of_China_(2).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Empress_Dowager_Cixi_of_China_%282%29.JPG/220px-Empress_Dowager_Cixi_of_China_%282%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="292" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Empress_Dowager_Cixi_of_China_%282%29.JPG/330px-Empress_Dowager_Cixi_of_China_%282%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Empress_Dowager_Cixi_of_China_%282%29.JPG/440px-Empress_Dowager_Cixi_of_China_%282%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="490" data-file-height="650" /></a><figcaption>Måleri av Cixi frå midten av 1800-talet.</figcaption></figure> <p>Cixi var av <a href="/wiki/Mandsjuar" title="Mandsjuar">mandsju</a>-opphav, og blei <a href="/w/index.php?title=Konkubine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konkubine (sida finst ikkje)">konkubine</a> til den nye <a href="/w/index.php?title=Xianfeng-keisaren&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xianfeng-keisaren (sida finst ikkje)">Xianfeng-keisaren</a> i 1851. Ho steig i gradene då ho fekk ein son med keisaren, den einaste mannlege arvingen hans. Då keisaren døydde i 1861 var sonen berre 5 år gamal, og Cixi blei derfor <a href="/wiki/Regent" title="Regent">regent</a> saman med enkjekeisarinne Cian. Dei to enkjekeisarinnane, med bror til den avdøde keisaren som rådgjevar, hadde denne posisjonen fram til 1873 då Cixi sin son <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tongzhi-keisaren&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tongzhi-keisaren (sida finst ikkje)">Tongzhi-keisaren</a> blei myndig. </p><p>To år seinare døydde den 19 år gamle Tongzhi utan å ha fått søner. Cixi braut med den normale arvefølgja og utnemnde den tre år gamle nevøen sin til etterfølgjer. Dei to enkjekeiserinnane heldt fram som regentar inntil Cian døydde i 1881. Då blei Cixi dei facto leiar av Kina. </p><p>Då nevøen, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Keisar_Guangxu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Keisar Guangxu (sida finst ikkje)">keisar Guangxu</a> blei myndig forlét Cixi Den forbodne by, men ho heldt fram med å følgje med i kva som skjedde via nettverket sitt av spionar. Etter at Kina hadde tapt <a href="/w/index.php?title=Den_f%C3%B8rste_kinesisk-japanske_krigen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Den første kinesisk-japanske krigen (sida finst ikkje)">Den første kinesisk-japanske krigen</a> (1894-1895) byrja Guangxu å implementere mange reformer som blei kjende under namnet «Dei hundre reformdagane». Som motreaksjon planla og gjennomførte Cixi saman med dei militære og konservative krefter eit kupp som på nytt gjorde henne til aktiv regent. Som ei følgje av dette blei keisaren fange i sitt eige palass. </p><p>Under dei følgjande åra låg Cixi for det meste under for hoffraksjonen Jernhattane, ei tradisjonalistisk og utlendingefiendleg gruppering blant dei mandsjuriske prinsane. Dei var dei fremste kreftene bak <a href="/w/index.php?title=Boksaroppr%C3%B8ret&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boksaropprøret (sida finst ikkje)">Boksaropprøret</a> (1899-1900), som var eit opprør mot dei kristne og mot utlendingar. Cixi var blitt overtydd om særleg vondskapen og sedløysa til dei kristne, og trudde på historiene om at katolske nonner grov ut augeepla til barn ved barneheimen deira for å framstille medikament. Hennar støtte til Jernhattane sin kurs var ikkje konsekvent, og det kan sjå ut til at det som fungerte politisk som ei stillteiande støtte var meir realpolitisk motivert av det tilhøvet at ho ikkje hadde moderate politiske krefter rundt seg som ho kunne stole på. </p><p>Ho forhindra dermed ikkje at ein beordra dei militære styrkane til ikkje å gripe inn når boksarane gjekk til åtak på utlendingar og kristne og institusjonane deira, og under den lange kringsetjinga av Beitangkirken i Beijing i 1900 fekk dei keisarlege styrkane å forstå at dei godta kunne delta i åtaka. </p><p>Då dei utanlandske allierte rykkte nærmare Beijing for å berge dei utanlandske legasjonane, som trudde seg i stor fare, evakuerte enkjedronninga den forbodne byen og drog ut av byen, og etterhvert inn i <a href="/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi">Shanxi</a> og <a href="/wiki/Shaanxi" title="Shaanxi">Shaanxi</a>. </p><p>Etter at utanlandske troppar gjorde gjengjeld då dei inntok Beijing og gjekk inn i Den forbodne by og gjennomførte store plyndringar, aksepterte Cixi dei tilbudte og svært onerøse fredsvilkåra. For å mildne situasjonen gjennomførte ho dei reformene som ho nokre år tidlegare hadde forhindra nevøen sin i å gjennomføre. </p><p>Ho var framleis leiande, men med mykje mindre makt, fram til døden sin den 15. november 1908. Keisar Guangxu døydde då ho sjølv låg for døden. Det var ein utbreitt antagelse at keisar Guangxu, som døydde dagen før henne, blei forgifta på ordren hennar. Det er likevel ikkje nokre haldbare historiske indisium som peikar mot eit slikt scenario. </p><p>Same dagen, men truleg utan å vite kor nær døden ho var, erklærte ho den vesle guten <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pu_Yi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pu Yi (sida finst ikkje)">Pu Yi</a> som etterfølgjar på keisartrona. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ettermæle"><span id="Etterm.C3.A6le"></span>Ettermæle</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cixi&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Endre bolk: Ettermæle" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cixi&action=edit&section=2" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Ettermæle"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cixi har fått eit ettermæle som hard, herskesjuk og grufull. Ho utviste ifølgje den gjengse historieskrivinga eit utvilsamt talent kva gjaldt dei maktpolitiske og diplomatiske manøvrar som var nødvendig for å behalde makta, og var ikkje frøkenaktig i vala sine av verkemiddel for å verne interessene sine. Ikkje desto mindre var «keisarinneenkja» svært populær i det kinesiske folket. </p><p>Den britiske propagandaen gjorde mykje for å utvikle, og sterkt overdrive, biletet av henne som ei grufull, maktsjuk og sexhungrig kvinne. Særleg Peking-korrespondenten for The Times, George Ernest Morrison, skildra Cixi som monster og snikmordar. I dag står det fast at Morrison tildels lét seg narre av kjeldene sine, Edmund Backhouse var den viktigaste av desse velinformerte «kjennarane, hans av det kinesiske hoffet», og Morrison var klår over korleis dei puritanske orienterte britane sin skjulte fantasiar fungerte. </p><p>I dag er det snarare meint at Cixi knapt forlét Den forbodne By, slik at avgjerdene hennar i høg grad var prisgjeve dei nyheitene og analysane som blei ho fekk av informantar som til tider var nokså manipulerande. </p><p>Utover den påverknaden ho hadde på politikk i samtida si er ho òg hugsa for støtta si til kunst, inklusive operaen, og grunnlegginga av Pekings zoologiske hage (1906). Dette skulle seinare bli det første zoo der ein klarte å yngle panda. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Edmund_Backhouses_forfalskingar">Edmund Backhouses forfalskingar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cixi&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Endre bolk: Edmund Backhouses forfalskingar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cixi&action=edit&section=3" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Edmund Backhouses forfalskingar"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Briten Sir Edmund Backhouse klarte i 1898 ved overdrivingar og bløff å få noko innpass hos evnukkane ved det keisarlege hoffet. Det han fekk tak i av informasjon derifrå gjorde han til gjenstand for omfattande og fantasifull omarbeiding etter boksaroppstanden, og det munna ut i to propagandatraktar som teikna eit vrengjebilete av enkekeisarinna Cixi og rettferdiggjorde den utanlandske militærintervensjonen, og som i stor grad blei trudd i Vesten. Dermed skapte han han grunnlaget for, eller han forsterka, ei mengd legender og mytar som seinare har vist seg å liggje milevidt frå fakta. </p><p>Det var først i 1976 at den britiske historikaren <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Trevor-Roper" title="Hugh Trevor-Roper">Hugh Trevor-Roper</a> kunne prove at ein viktig tekst som Backhouse bygde på i røyndommen var ein forfalsking utført av Backhouse, og dermed rakna tiltrua ved det meste av det Backhouse hadde kome med i tiåra etter boksaropprøret. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kjelder">Kjelder</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cixi&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Endre bolk: Kjelder" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cixi&action=edit&section=4" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Kjelder"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small"> <ul><li><i>Denne artikkelen bygger på «<a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cixi" class="extiw" title="nb:Cixi">Cixi</a>» frå <a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hovedside" class="extiw" title="nb:Hovedside">Wikipedia på bokmål</a>, den 15. mars 2009.</i></li></ul> </div> <table class="plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">Denne artikkelen <b>treng <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kjelder" title="Wikipedia:Kjelder">referansar</a> for verifikasjon</b>.<div class="hide-when-compact"> Du kan <a class="external text" href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cixi&action=edit">forbetra artikkelen</a> ved å leggja inn referansar til pålitelege kjelder. Kven som helst kan fjerna kjeldelaust materiale utan forvarsel, men den føretrekte tilnærminga er i første omgang å markera dei setningane/påstandane som treng kjeldebelegg ved å tilføya <i>{{<a href="/wiki/Mal:Tr" class="mw-redirect" title="Mal:Tr">tr</a>}}</i> etter påstanden.</div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bakgrunnsstoff">Bakgrunnsstoff</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cixi&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Endre bolk: Bakgrunnsstoff" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cixi&action=edit&section=5" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Bakgrunnsstoff"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="interbox"> <div style="display: table-cell; vertical-align: middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Commons</a> har multimedium som gjeld: <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Empress_Dowager_Cixi" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Empress Dowager Cixi">Cixi</a></b> </div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3515230">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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