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日本 - 维基百科,自由的百科全书
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aria-label="个人工具"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="更改页面字体大小、宽度和颜色的外观" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="外观" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " 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user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录,但这不是强制性的" class=""><span>创建账号</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="建议你登录,尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>登录</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="更多选项" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="个人工具" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">个人工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="用户菜单" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=zh-hans"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录,但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="建议你登录,尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-國名" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#國名"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>國名</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-國名-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-历史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#历史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>历史</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-历史-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关历史子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-历史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-史前及原始時代" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#史前及原始時代"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>史前及原始時代</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-史前及原始時代-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-古代" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#古代"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>古代</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-古代-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-幕府時代" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#幕府時代"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>幕府時代</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-幕府時代-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-明治維新" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#明治維新"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>明治維新</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-明治維新-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-兩次世界大戰" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#兩次世界大戰"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>兩次世界大戰</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-兩次世界大戰-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-戰後" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#戰後"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>戰後</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-戰後-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-二十一世紀" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#二十一世紀"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>二十一世紀</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-二十一世紀-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-地理" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#地理"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>地理</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-地理-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关地理子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-地理-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-各地氣候" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#各地氣候"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>各地氣候</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-各地氣候-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-自然環境" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#自然環境"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>自然環境</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-自然環境-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-主要城市" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#主要城市"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>主要城市</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-主要城市-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-政治" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#政治"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>政治</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-政治-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关政治子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-政治-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-政府" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#政府"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>政府</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-政府-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外交" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外交"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>外交</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外交-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-军事" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#军事"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>军事</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-军事-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-行政區劃" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#行政區劃"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>行政區劃</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-行政區劃-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关行政區劃子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-行政區劃-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-都道府縣" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#都道府縣"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>都道府縣</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-都道府縣-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-經濟" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#經濟"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>經濟</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-經濟-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关經濟子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-經濟-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-產業結構" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#產業結構"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>產業結構</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-產業結構-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-第三產業" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#第三產業"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1.1</span> <span>第三產業</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-第三產業-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-第二產業" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#第二產業"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1.2</span> <span>第二產業</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-第二產業-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-第一產業" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#第一產業"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1.3</span> <span>第一產業</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-第一產業-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-对外贸易" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#对外贸易"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>对外贸易</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-对外贸易-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-基建和交通" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#基建和交通"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>基建和交通</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-基建和交通-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-供水和改善卫生设施" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#供水和改善卫生设施"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3.1</span> <span>供水和改善卫生设施</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-供水和改善卫生设施-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-能源" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#能源"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>能源</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-能源-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-創新科研" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#創新科研"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.5</span> <span>創新科研</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-創新科研-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-太空事業" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#太空事業"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.6</span> <span>太空事業</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-太空事業-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-社会" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#社会"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>社会</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-社会-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关社会子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-社会-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-人口" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#人口"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>人口</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-人口-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-民族和語言" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#民族和語言"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>民族和語言</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-民族和語言-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-宗教信仰" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#宗教信仰"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>宗教信仰</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-宗教信仰-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-建筑" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#建筑"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4</span> <span>建筑</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-建筑-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-醫療" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#醫療"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.5</span> <span>醫療</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-醫療-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-教育" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#教育"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.6</span> <span>教育</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-教育-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-體育" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#體育"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.7</span> <span>體育</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-體育-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-媒體" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#媒體"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.8</span> <span>媒體</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-媒體-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-文化" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#文化"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>文化</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-文化-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关文化子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-文化-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-文學" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#文學"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>文學</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-文學-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-艺术" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#艺术"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>艺术</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-艺术-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-影視" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#影視"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>影視</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-影視-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-音乐" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#音乐"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.4</span> <span>音乐</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-音乐-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-饮食" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#饮食"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.5</span> <span>饮食</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-饮食-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-节日与假日" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#节日与假日"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.6</span> <span>节日与假日</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-节日与假日-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-註釋" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#註釋"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>註釋</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-註釋-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>参考文献</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-延伸閱讀" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#延伸閱讀"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>延伸閱讀</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-延伸閱讀-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部連結" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部連結"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>外部連結</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部連結-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">日本</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。324种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-324" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">324种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B0" title="Иапониа – 阿布哈西亚语" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Иапониа" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="阿布哈西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeupang" title="Jeupang – 亚齐语" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Jeupang" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="亚齐语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Японие – 阿迪格语" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Японие" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="阿迪格语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – 瑞士德语" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="瑞士德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-alt mw-list-item"><a href="https://alt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Јопон – 南阿尔泰语" lang="alt" hreflang="alt" data-title="Јопон" data-language-autonym="Алтай тил" data-language-local-name="南阿尔泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Алтай тил</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8C%83%E1%8D%93%E1%8A%95" title="ጃፓን – 阿姆哈拉语" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ጃፓን" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="阿姆哈拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripon" title="Ripon – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Ripon" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chap%C3%B3n" title="Chapón – 阿拉贡语" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Chapón" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="阿拉贡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iapan" title="Iapan – 古英语" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Iapan" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="古英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="जापान – 昂加语" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="जापान" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="昂加语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="اليابان – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اليابان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%9D%DC%A6%DC%A2" title="ܝܦܢ – 阿拉米语" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܝܦܢ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="阿拉米语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%86" title="الجاپون – 摩洛哥阿拉伯文" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="الجاپون" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="摩洛哥阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="اليابان – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اليابان" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="জাপান – 阿萨姆语" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="জাপান" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="阿萨姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xap%C3%B3n" title="Xapón – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Xapón" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-atj mw-list-item"><a href="https://atj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – 阿提卡米克语" lang="atj" hreflang="atj" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Atikamekw" data-language-local-name="阿提卡米克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Atikamekw</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Япония – 阿瓦尔语" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Япония" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="阿瓦尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nipona" title="Nipona – 科塔瓦文" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Nipona" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="科塔瓦文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="जापान – 阿瓦德语" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="जापान" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="阿瓦德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihun" title="Nihun – 艾马拉语" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Nihun" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="艾马拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaponiya" title="Yaponiya – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Yaponiya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%86" title="ژاپون – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ژاپون" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Япония – 巴什基尔语" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Япония" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什基尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jepang" title="Jepang – 巴厘语" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Jepang" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="巴厘语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – 巴伐利亞文" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="巴伐利亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japuon%C4%97j%C4%97" title="Japuonėjė – 薩莫吉希亞文" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Japuonėjė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="薩莫吉希亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bbc mw-list-item"><a href="https://bbc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japang" title="Japang – 巴塔克托巴文" lang="bbc" hreflang="bbc" data-title="Japang" data-language-autonym="Batak Toba" data-language-local-name="巴塔克托巴文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Toba</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hapon" title="Hapon – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Hapon" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bdr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bdr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gipun" title="Gipun – West Coast Bajau" lang="bdr" hreflang="bdr" data-title="Gipun" data-language-autonym="Bajau Sama" data-language-local-name="West Coast Bajau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bajau Sama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Японія – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Японія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Японія – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Японія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jepang" title="Jepang – 貝塔維文" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Jepang" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="貝塔維文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Япония – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Япония" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="जापान – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="जापान" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – 比斯拉马语" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="比斯拉马语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japang" title="Japang – 班亞爾文" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Japang" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="班亞爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%82%E1%80%BB%E1%80%95%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%81%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%91%E1%80%AE" title="ဂျပန်ခမ်းထီ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="ဂျပန်ခမ်းထီ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – 班巴拉语" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="班巴拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="জাপান – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জাপান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%89%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A7%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BC%8D" title="ཉི་ཧོང་། – 藏语" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཉི་ཧོང་།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="藏语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="জাপান – 比什奴普萊利亞文" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="জাপান" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="比什奴普萊利亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jepang" title="Jepang – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Jepang" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bug mw-list-item"><a href="https://bug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%A8%8D%E1%A8%9B%E1%A8%84%CC%8C" title="ᨍᨛᨄ̌ – 布吉语" lang="bug" hreflang="bug" data-title="ᨍᨛᨄ̌" data-language-autonym="Basa Ugi" data-language-local-name="布吉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Ugi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%A3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Япон Улас – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Япон Улас" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jap%C3%B3" title="Japó – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Japó" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jap%C3%B3n" title="Japón – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Japón" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C4%ADk-bu%C5%8Dng" title="Nĭk-buōng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Nĭk-buōng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BF%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%87%D0%BE%D1%8C" title="Ипнойчоь – 车臣语" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Ипнойчоь" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="车臣语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hapon" title="Hapon – 宿务语" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Hapon" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="宿务语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ch mw-list-item"><a href="https://ch.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chapan" title="Chapan – 查莫罗语" lang="ch" hreflang="ch" data-title="Chapan" data-language-autonym="Chamoru" data-language-local-name="查莫罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chamoru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8F%A3%E1%8F%A9%E1%8F%82%E1%8F%8F" title="ᏣᏩᏂᏏ – 切罗基语" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᏣᏩᏂᏏ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="切罗基语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – 夏延语" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="夏延语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%D8%A7%D9%BE%DB%86%D9%86" title="ژاپۆن – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ژاپۆن" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giappone" title="Giappone – 科西嘉语" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Giappone" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="科西嘉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cr mw-list-item"><a href="https://cr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cap%C4%81n" title="Capān – 克里语" lang="cr" hreflang="cr" data-title="Capān" data-language-autonym="Nēhiyawēwin / ᓀᐦᐃᔭᐍᐏᐣ" data-language-local-name="克里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nēhiyawēwin / ᓀᐦᐃᔭᐍᐏᐣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaponiya" title="Yaponiya – 克里米亚鞑靼语" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Yaponiya" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="克里米亚鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japonsko" title="Japonsko – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Japonsko" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jap%C3%B2%C5%84sk%C3%B4" title="Japòńskô – 卡舒比语" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Japòńskô" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="卡舒比语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%99%96%D0%BF%D1%A1%D0%BD%D1%97%EA%99%97" title="Ꙗпѡнїꙗ – 教会斯拉夫语" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Ꙗпѡнїꙗ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="教会斯拉夫语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Япони – 楚瓦什语" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Япони" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-din mw-list-item"><a href="https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – 丁卡语" lang="din" hreflang="din" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Thuɔŋjäŋ" data-language-local-name="丁卡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Thuɔŋjäŋ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japonya" title="Japonya – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Japonya" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japa%C5%84ska" title="Japańska – 下索布语" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Japańska" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="下索布语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jepun" title="Jepun – 中部杜順文" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Jepun" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="中部杜順文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="जापान – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="जापान" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%96%DE%A6%DE%95%DE%A7%DE%82%DE%AA" title="ޖަޕާނު – 迪维希语" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ޖަޕާނު" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="迪维希语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dz mw-list-item"><a href="https://dz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%87%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%94%E0%BD%B1%E0%BD%93" title="ཇ་པཱན – 宗卡语" lang="dz" hreflang="dz" data-title="ཇ་པཱན" data-language-autonym="ཇོང་ཁ" data-language-local-name="宗卡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ཇོང་ཁ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – 埃维语" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="埃维语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eʋegbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CE%B1%CF%80%CF%89%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Ιαπωνία – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ιαπωνία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giap%C3%B2%E1%B9%85" title="Giapòṅ – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Giapòṅ" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanio" title="Japanio – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Japanio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jap%C3%B3n" title="Japón – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Japón" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaapan" title="Jaapan – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Jaapan" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japonia" title="Japonia – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Japonia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jap%C3%B3n" title="Japón – 埃斯特雷馬杜拉文" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Japón" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="埃斯特雷馬杜拉文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%86" title="ژاپن – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ژاپن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – 富拉语" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="富拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japani" title="Japani – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Japani" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaapan" title="Jaapan – 佛羅文" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Jaapan" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="佛羅文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japani" title="Japani – 斐济语" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Japani" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="斐济语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – 法罗语" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="法罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japon" title="Japon – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Japon" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japon" title="Japon – 法蘭克-普羅旺斯文" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Japon" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="法蘭克-普羅旺斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaapan" title="Jaapan – 北弗里西亚语" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Jaapan" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="北弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjapon" title="Gjapon – 弗留利语" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Gjapon" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="弗留利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – 西弗里西亚语" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="西弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_tSeap%C3%A1in" title="An tSeapáin – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An tSeapáin" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaponiya" title="Yaponiya – 加告兹语" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Yaponiya" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="加告兹语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本 – 赣语" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="日本" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="赣语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japon" title="Japon – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Japon" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Iapan" title="An Iapan – 苏格兰盖尔语" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="An Iapan" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="苏格兰盖尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xap%C3%B3n" title="Xapón – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Xapón" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%D8%A7%D9%BE%D8%A4%D9%86" title="ژاپؤن – 吉拉基文" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="ژاپؤن" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="吉拉基文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hap%C3%B5" title="Hapõ – 瓜拉尼语" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Hapõ" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="瓜拉尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="जपान – 孔卡尼文" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="जपान" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="孔卡尼文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japangi" title="Japangi – 哥伦打洛语" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="Japangi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="哥伦打洛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Hulontalo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%BE%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8D%80%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BD" title="𐌾𐌰𐍀𐌰𐌽 – 哥特语" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌾𐌰𐍀𐌰𐌽" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="哥特语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%9C%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%AA%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%A8" title="જાપાન – 古吉拉特语" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="જાપાન" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="古吉拉特语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guw mw-list-item"><a href="https://guw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – Gun" lang="guw" hreflang="guw" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Gungbe" data-language-local-name="Gun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gungbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_%C3%87hapaan" title="Yn Çhapaan – 马恩语" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Çhapaan" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="马恩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – 豪萨语" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="豪萨语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngi%CC%8Dt-p%C3%BAn" title="Ngi̍t-pún – 客家语" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Ngi̍t-pún" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="客家语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C4%81pana" title="Iāpana – 夏威夷语" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Iāpana" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="夏威夷语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%9F" title="יפן – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="יפן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="जापान – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जापान" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – 斐濟印地文" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="斐濟印地文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanska" title="Japanska – 上索布语" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Japanska" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="上索布语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japon" title="Japon – 海地克里奥尔语" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Japon" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="海地克里奥尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jap%C3%A1n" title="Japán – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Japán" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%83%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Ճապոնիա – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ճապոնիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%83%D5%A1%D6%83%D5%B8%D5%B6" title="Ճափոն – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Ճափոն" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japon" title="Japon – 国际语" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Japon" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="国际语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jipun" title="Jipun – 伊班语" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Jipun" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="伊班语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jepang" title="Jepang – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Jepang" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – 国际文字(E)" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="国际文字(E)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – 伊博语" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="伊博语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-igl mw-list-item"><a href="https://igl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – Igala" lang="igl" hreflang="igl" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Igala" data-language-local-name="Igala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nippan" title="Nippan – 伊努皮克语" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Nippan" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="伊努皮克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hapon" title="Hapon – 伊洛卡诺语" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Hapon" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="伊洛卡诺语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Япони – 印古什语" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Япони" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="印古什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japonia" title="Japonia – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Japonia" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giappone" title="Giappone – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Giappone" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%94%AD%E1%90%B9%E1%93%90" title="ᔭᐹᓐ – 因纽特语" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᔭᐹᓐ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="因纽特语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="日本" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – 牙買加克里奧爾英文" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="牙買加克里奧爾英文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/pongu%27e" title="pongu'e – 逻辑语" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="pongu'e" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="逻辑语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jepang" title="Jepang – 爪哇语" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Jepang" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="爪哇语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="იაპონია – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="იაპონია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaponiya" title="Yaponiya – 卡拉卡尔帕克语" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Yaponiya" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="卡拉卡尔帕克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yapan" title="Yapan – 卡拜尔语" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Yapan" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="卡拜尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Япон – 卡巴尔德语" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Япон" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="卡巴尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sap%C9%94%C5%8B" title="Sapɔŋ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Sapɔŋ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ja%CC%B1pan" title="Ja̱pan – 卡塔布语" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Ja̱pan" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="卡塔布语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – 刚果语" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="刚果语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jopang" title="Jopang – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Jopang" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – 吉库尤语" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="吉库尤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Жапония – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Жапония" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%93" title="ជប៉ុន – 高棉语" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ជប៉ុន" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="高棉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಜಪಾನ್ – 卡纳达语" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಜಪಾನ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="卡纳达语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%BC%EB%B3%B8" title="일본 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="일본" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Ниппон – 科米-彼尔米亚克语" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Ниппон" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="科米-彼尔米亚克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Джапония – 卡拉恰伊巴尔卡尔语" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Джапония" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="卡拉恰伊巴尔卡尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86" title="جاپان – 克什米尔语" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="جاپان" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="克什米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – 科隆语" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="科隆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japon" title="Japon – 库尔德语" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Japon" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Япония – 科米语" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Япония" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="科米语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihon" title="Nihon – 康沃尔语" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Nihon" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="康沃尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Жапония – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Жапония" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iaponia" title="Iaponia – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Iaponia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japon" title="Japon – 拉迪诺语" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Japon" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="拉迪诺语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – 卢森堡语" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="卢森堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Япония – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Япония" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Япония – 列兹金语" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Япония" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="列兹金语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nion" title="Nion – 新共同語言" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Nion" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="新共同語言" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – 卢干达语" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="卢干达语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – 林堡语" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="林堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giappon" title="Giappon – 利古里亚语" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Giappon" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="利古里亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iapan" title="Iapan – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Iapan" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giapon" title="Giapon – 倫巴底文" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Giapon" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="倫巴底文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zap%C9%94%CC%81" title="Zapɔ́ – 林加拉语" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Zapɔ́" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="林加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%8D%E0%BA%B5%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B8%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%99" title="ປະເທດຍີ່ປຸ່ນ – 老挝语" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ປະເທດຍີ່ປຸ່ນ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="老挝语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japonija" title="Japonija – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Japonija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japoneja" title="Japoneja – 拉特加萊文" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Japoneja" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="拉特加萊文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jap%C4%81na" title="Japāna – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Japāna" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeppang" title="Jeppang – 马都拉语" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Jeppang" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="马都拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="जापान – 迈蒂利语" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="जापान" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="迈蒂利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jepang" title="Jepang – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Jepang" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Японмастор – 莫克沙语" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Японмастор" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="莫克沙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jap%C3%A0na" title="Japàna – 马拉加斯语" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Japàna" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="马拉加斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Японий – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Японий" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nipono" title="Nipono – 毛利语" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Nipono" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="毛利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japang" title="Japang – 米南佳保语" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Japang" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="米南佳保语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Јапонија – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Јапонија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB" title="ജപ്പാൻ – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ജപ്പാൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Япон – 蒙古语" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Япон" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%96%EA%AF%84%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯖꯄꯥꯟ – 曼尼普尔语" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯖꯄꯥꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="曼尼普尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="जपान – 马拉地语" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="जपान" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="马拉地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Япони – 西馬里文" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Япони" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="西馬里文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jepun" title="Jepun – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Jepun" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%A0appun" title="Ġappun – 马耳他语" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Ġappun" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="马耳他语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japon" title="Japon – 米兰德斯语" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Japon" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="米兰德斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%82%E1%80%BB%E1%80%95%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6" title="ဂျပန်နိုင်ငံ – 缅甸语" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဂျပန်နိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="缅甸语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Япония Мастор – 厄尔兹亚语" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Япония Мастор" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="厄尔兹亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%86" title="جاپون – 马赞德兰语" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="جاپون" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="马赞德兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giappone" title="Giappone – 那不勒斯语" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Giappone" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="那不勒斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – 低地德语" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="低地德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – 低萨克森语" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="低萨克森语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="जापान – 尼泊尔语" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="जापान" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="尼泊尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="जापान – 尼瓦尔语" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="जापान" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="尼瓦尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nia mw-list-item"><a href="https://nia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jepang" title="Jepang – 尼亚斯语" lang="nia" hreflang="nia" data-title="Jepang" data-language-autonym="Li Niha" data-language-local-name="尼亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Li Niha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – 諾維亞文" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="諾維亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nqo mw-list-item"><a href="https://nqo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DF%97%DF%AD%DF%8A%DF%94%DF%90%DF%B2%DF%AB" title="ߗ߭ߊߔߐ߲߫ – 西非书面文字" lang="nqo" hreflang="nqo" data-title="ߗ߭ߊߔߐ߲߫" data-language-autonym="ߒߞߏ" data-language-local-name="西非书面文字" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ߒߞߏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nr mw-list-item"><a href="https://nr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japane" title="Japane – 南恩德贝勒语" lang="nr" hreflang="nr" data-title="Japane" data-language-autonym="IsiNdebele seSewula" data-language-local-name="南恩德贝勒语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiNdebele seSewula</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japon" title="Japon – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Japon" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japane" title="Japane – 北索托语" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Japane" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="北索托语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bin%C3%A1%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%A1daa%C5%82ts%CA%BC%C3%B3z%C3%AD_Dine%CA%BC%C3%A9_Bik%C3%A9yah" title="Binááʼádaałtsʼózí Dineʼé Bikéyah – 纳瓦霍语" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Binááʼádaałtsʼózí Dineʼé Bikéyah" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="纳瓦霍语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – 齐切瓦语" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="齐切瓦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chi-Chewa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japon" title="Japon – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Japon" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japounii" title="Japounii – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Japounii" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaappaan" title="Jaappaan – 奥罗莫语" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Jaappaan" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="奥罗莫语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%9C%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%AA%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A8" title="ଜାପାନ – 奥里亚语" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଜାପାନ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="奥里亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Япон – 奥塞梯语" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Япон" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="奥塞梯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8" title="ਜਪਾਨ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਜਪਾਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hapon" title="Hapon – 邦阿西南语" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Hapon" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="邦阿西南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hapon" title="Hapon – 邦板牙语" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Hapon" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="邦板牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hapon" title="Hapon – 帕皮阿门托语" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Hapon" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="帕皮阿门托语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japon" title="Japon – 庇卡底文" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Japon" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="庇卡底文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcm mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – 尼日利亚皮钦语" lang="pcm" hreflang="pcm" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Naijá" data-language-local-name="尼日利亚皮钦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Naijá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – 賓夕法尼亞德文" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="賓夕法尼亞德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – 普法爾茨德文" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="普法爾茨德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pälzisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="जापान – 巴利语" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="जापान" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="巴利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japonia" title="Japonia – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Japonia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giapon" title="Giapon – 皮埃蒙特文" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Giapon" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="皮埃蒙特文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86" title="جاپان – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="جاپان" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CE%B1%CF%80%CF%89%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Ιαπωνία – 旁狄希臘文" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Ιαπωνία" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="旁狄希臘文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ποντιακά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86" title="جاپان – 普什图语" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="جاپان" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什图语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jap%C3%A3o" title="Japão – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Japão" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pwn mw-list-item"><a href="https://pwn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dripun" title="Dripun – Paiwan" lang="pwn" hreflang="pwn" data-title="Dripun" data-language-autonym="Pinayuanan" data-language-local-name="Paiwan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pinayuanan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihun" title="Nihun – 克丘亚语" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Nihun" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="克丘亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giapun" title="Giapun – 罗曼什语" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Giapun" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="罗曼什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rn mw-list-item"><a href="https://rn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yapon" title="Yapon – 隆迪语" lang="rn" hreflang="rn" data-title="Yapon" data-language-autonym="Ikirundi" data-language-local-name="隆迪语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikirundi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japonia" title="Japonia – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Japonia" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japonia" title="Japonia – 阿罗马尼亚语" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Japonia" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="阿罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giappone" title="Giappone – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Giappone" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Япония – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Япония" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Японія – 盧森尼亞文" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Японія" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="盧森尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuyapani" title="Ubuyapani – 卢旺达语" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Ubuyapani" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="卢旺达语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D" title="जपान् – 梵语" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="जपान्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="梵语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8C%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Дьоппуон – 萨哈语" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Дьоппуон" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="萨哈语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A1%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1" title="ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱ – 桑塔利语" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="桑塔利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giapone" title="Giapone – 萨丁语" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Giapone" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="萨丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giappuni" title="Giappuni – 西西里语" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Giappuni" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="西西里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – 苏格兰语" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="苏格兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86" title="جاپان – 信德语" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="جاپان" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="信德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%A1hpan" title="Jáhpan – 北方萨米语" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Jáhpan" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="北方萨米语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sg mw-list-item"><a href="https://sg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zap%C3%B6o" title="Zapöo – 桑戈语" lang="sg" hreflang="sg" data-title="Zapöo" data-language-autonym="Sängö" data-language-local-name="桑戈语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sängö</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%81%B5%E1%80%BB%E1%82%83%E1%82%87%E1%80%95%E1%81%A2%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87" title="မိူင်းၵျႃႇပၢၼ်ႇ – 掸语" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မိူင်းၵျႃႇပၢၼ်ႇ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="掸语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA" title="ජපානය – 僧伽罗语" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ජපානය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="僧伽罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japonsko" title="Japonsko – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Japonsko" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86" title="جاپان – 色莱基语" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="جاپان" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="色莱基语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japonska" title="Japonska – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Japonska" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iapani" title="Iapani – 萨摩亚语" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Iapani" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="萨摩亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaapaan" title="Jaapaan – 伊纳里萨米语" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Jaapaan" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="伊纳里萨米语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japani" title="Japani – 绍纳语" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Japani" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="绍纳语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jabaan" title="Jabaan – 索马里语" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Jabaan" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="索马里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japonia" title="Japonia – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Japonia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Јапан – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Јапан" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – 苏里南汤加语" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="苏里南汤加语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sranantongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/IJaphani" title="IJaphani – 斯瓦蒂语" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="IJaphani" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="斯瓦蒂语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japane" title="Japane – 南索托语" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Japane" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="南索托语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – 沙特菲士蘭文" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="沙特菲士蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jepang" title="Jepang – 巽他语" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Jepang" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="巽他语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japani" title="Japani – 斯瓦希里语" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Japani" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="斯瓦希里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jap%C5%AF%C5%84ijo" title="Japůńijo – 西里西亚语" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Japůńijo" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="西里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zipun" title="Zipun – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Zipun" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="யப்பான் – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="யப்பான்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gipun" title="Gipun – Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Gipun" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಜಪಾನ್ – 圖盧文" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಜಪಾನ್" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="圖盧文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tdd mw-list-item"><a href="https://tdd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%A5%9B%E1%A5%AB%E1%A5%92%E1%A5%B0_%E1%A5%93%E1%A5%A3%E1%A5%B1_%E1%A5%99%E1%A5%A3%E1%A5%A2%E1%A5%B1" title="ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥓᥣᥱ ᥙᥣᥢᥱ – Tai Nuea" lang="tdd" hreflang="tdd" data-title="ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥓᥣᥱ ᥙᥣᥢᥱ" data-language-autonym="ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ" data-language-local-name="Tai Nuea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="జపాన్ – 泰卢固语" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="జపాన్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="泰卢固语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japaun" title="Japaun – 德顿语" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Japaun" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="德顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B6%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Ҷопон – 塔吉克语" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ҷопон" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="塔吉克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99" title="ประเทศญี่ปุ่น – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศญี่ปุ่น" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8C%83%E1%8D%93%E1%8A%95" title="ጃፓን – 提格利尼亚语" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="ጃፓን" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="提格利尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ትግርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Daponi%C3%BDa" title="Ýaponiýa – 土库曼语" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Ýaponiýa" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="土库曼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hapon" title="Hapon – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Hapon" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japonij%C9%99" title="Japonijə – 塔里什文" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Japonijə" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="塔里什文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tn mw-list-item"><a href="https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – 茨瓦纳语" lang="tn" hreflang="tn" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Setswana" data-language-local-name="茨瓦纳语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Setswana</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siapani" title="Siapani – 汤加语" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Siapani" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="汤加语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siapan" title="Siapan – 托克皮辛语" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Siapan" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="托克皮辛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japonya" title="Japonya – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Japonya" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanah_Tunux" title="Tanah Tunux – 赛德克语" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Tanah Tunux" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="赛德克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seediq</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japani" title="Japani – 聪加语" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Japani" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="聪加语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Япония – 鞑靼语" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Япония" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – 通布卡语" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="通布卡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – 契维语" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="契维语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ty mw-list-item"><a href="https://ty.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C4%81p%C5%8Dn%C4%93" title="Tāpōnē – 塔希提语" lang="ty" hreflang="ty" data-title="Tāpōnē" data-language-autonym="Reo tahiti" data-language-local-name="塔希提语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Reo tahiti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Япония – 图瓦语" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Япония" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="图瓦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Япония – 乌德穆尔特语" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Япония" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="乌德穆尔特语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%86%D9%89%D9%8A%DB%95" title="ياپونىيە – 维吾尔语" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ياپونىيە" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="维吾尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Японія – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Японія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86" title="جاپان – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جاپان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaponiya" title="Yaponiya – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Yaponiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ve mw-list-item"><a href="https://ve.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – 文达语" lang="ve" hreflang="ve" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Tshivenda" data-language-local-name="文达语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tshivenda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japon" title="Japon – 威尼斯语" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Japon" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="威尼斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japonii" title="Japonii – 维普森语" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Japonii" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="维普森语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nh%E1%BA%ADt_B%E1%BA%A3n" title="Nhật Bản – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nhật Bản" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – 西佛蘭德文" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="西佛蘭德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yap%C3%A4n" title="Yapän – 沃拉普克语" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Yapän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="沃拉普克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Djapon" title="Djapon – 瓦隆语" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Djapon" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="瓦隆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hapon" title="Hapon – 瓦瑞语" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Hapon" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sapo%C5%8B" title="Sapoŋ – 沃洛夫语" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Sapoŋ" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="沃洛夫语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="日本" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8x%D1%83%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%9D%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B3" title="Ниxуудин Нутг – 卡尔梅克语" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Ниxуудин Нутг" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="卡尔梅克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/IJapani" title="IJapani – 科萨语" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="IJapani" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="科萨语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="იაპონია – 明格列爾文" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="იაპონია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="明格列爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%9F" title="יאפאן – 意第绪语" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="יאפאן" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="意第绪语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – 约鲁巴语" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="约鲁巴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyiedbonj" title="Nyiedbonj – 壮语" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Nyiedbonj" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="壮语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan" title="Japan – 西蘭文" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Japan" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="西蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%8F%E2%B5%89%E2%B4%B1%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%8F" title="ⵏⵉⴱⵓⵏ – 标准摩洛哥塔马塞特语" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵏⵉⴱⵓⵏ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="标准摩洛哥塔马塞特语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本 – 文言文" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="日本" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="文言文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ji%CC%8Dt-p%C3%BAn" title="Ji̍t-pún – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Ji̍t-pún" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="日本" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IJaphani" title="IJaphani – 祖鲁语" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="IJaphani" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="祖鲁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q17#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" rel="discussion" title="关于此页面的讨论[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="更改语言变体" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">不转换</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="selected ca-variants-zh mw-list-item"><a href="/zh/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" lang="zh" hreflang="zh"><span>不转换</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hans/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" lang="zh-Hans" hreflang="zh-Hans"><span>简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-2" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hant/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" lang="zh-Hant" hreflang="zh-Hant"><span>繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-3" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-CN mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-cn/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" lang="zh-Hans-CN" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN"><span>大陆简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-4" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-HK mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hk/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" lang="zh-Hant-HK" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK"><span>香港繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-5" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-MO mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-mo/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" lang="zh-Hant-MO" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO"><span>澳門繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-6" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-MY mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-my/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" lang="zh-Hans-MY" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY"><span>大马简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-7" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-SG mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-sg/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" lang="zh-Hans-SG" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG"><span>新加坡简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-8" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-TW mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-tw/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" 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class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-noteTA-ae0defe" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span title="本页使用了标题或全文手工转换"><img alt="本页使用了标题或全文手工转换" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/35px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/53px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/70px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科,自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E4%B9%89" title="Wikipedia:消歧义"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/25px-Disambig_gray.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/38px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/50px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="168" /></a></span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r74069148">body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .ifmobile>.mobile{display:none}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .ifmobile>.nomobile{display:inherit;display:initial}</style><span class="ifmobile"><span class="nomobile">  </span><span class="mobile"></span></span>「<b>日本国</b>」重定向至此。關於同名山峰,詳見「<b><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%8B%E5%B1%B1" title="日本國山">日本國山</a></b>」。關於與「日本」名稱相近或相同的條目,詳見「<b><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC_(%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E7%BE%A9)" class="mw-disambig" title="日本 (消歧義)">日本 (消歧義)</a></b>」。</div> <div id="noteTA-ae0defe" class="noteTA"><div class="noteTA-group"><div data-noteta-group-source="module" data-noteta-group="地名"></div><div data-noteta-group-source="module" data-noteta-group="IT"></div><div data-noteta-group-source="module" data-noteta-group="Unit"></div></div><div class="noteTA-local"><div data-noteta-code="zh-tw:兆; zh-cn:万亿;"></div><div data-noteta-code="zh-cn:国集团; zh-tw:大工業國組織; zh-hk:大工業國組織;"></div><div data-noteta-code="zh-hans:退出;zh-hant:退出;"></div></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732082">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output 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.mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-full-data{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-header{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.2}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-names{padding-top:0.25em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-name-style{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-image{padding:0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-anthem{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding-top:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">日本國</div><div class="ib-country-names"><span lang="ja" title="日語文本">日本国</span><span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="日語">日語</a>)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="noresize" style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; padding:0 2px 0 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Japan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="日本国旗"><img alt="日本国旗" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/125px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/188px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/250px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%9B%BD%E6%97%97" title="日本国旗">国旗</a></div> </div> <div style="display:table-cell; padding:0 5px 0 2px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="日本皇室徽章"><img alt="日本皇室徽章" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg/85px-Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg/128px-Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg/170px-Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="990" /></a></span></div> <div><a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%8A%E8%8A%B1%E7%BA%B9%E7%AB%A0" title="菊花纹章"> 皇室徽章</a></div> </div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data anthem" style=""><b>国歌:</b><span lang="ja">君が代</span><br />《<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%9B%E4%B9%8B%E4%BB%A3" title="君之代">君之代</a>》<br /><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" 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src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AKimi_ga_Yo_instrumental.ogg&lang=ta&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ta" label="தமிழ்(ta)" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AKimi_ga_Yo_instrumental.ogg&lang=th&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="th" label="ไทย(th)" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AKimi_ga_Yo_instrumental.ogg&lang=tl&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="tl" label="Tagalog(tl)" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AKimi_ga_Yo_instrumental.ogg&lang=to&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="to" label="lea faka-Tonga(to)" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AKimi_ga_Yo_instrumental.ogg&lang=tr&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="tr" label="Türkçe(tr)" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AKimi_ga_Yo_instrumental.ogg&lang=tt&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="tt" label="татарча / tatarça(tt)" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AKimi_ga_Yo_instrumental.ogg&lang=uk&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="uk" label="українська(uk)" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AKimi_ga_Yo_instrumental.ogg&lang=uz&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="uz" label="oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча(uz)" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AKimi_ga_Yo_instrumental.ogg&lang=vi&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="vi" label="Tiếng Việt(vi)" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AKimi_ga_Yo_instrumental.ogg&lang=yue&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="yue" label="粵語(yue)" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AKimi_ga_Yo_instrumental.ogg&lang=zh-tw&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hant-TW" label="中文(臺灣)(zh-tw)" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AKimi_ga_Yo_instrumental.ogg&lang=zh&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh" label="中文(zh)" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>国玺</b><br /><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%8B%E7%92%BD" title="大日本國璽">日本国玺</a><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gyomei_kokuji.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Gyomei_kokuji.svg/55px-Gyomei_kokuji.svg.png" decoding="async" width="55" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Gyomei_kokuji.svg/83px-Gyomei_kokuji.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Gyomei_kokuji.svg/110px-Gyomei_kokuji.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="202" data-file-height="190" /></a></span><hr /><b>政府紋章</b><br /><a href="/wiki/%E6%A1%90%E7%B4%8B" title="桐紋">五七桐花紋</a><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Goshichi_no_kiri.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="日本內閣總理大臣及行政機關紋章"><img alt="日本內閣總理大臣及行政機關紋章" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Goshichi_no_kiri.svg/50px-Goshichi_no_kiri.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Goshichi_no_kiri.svg/75px-Goshichi_no_kiri.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Goshichi_no_kiri.svg/100px-Goshichi_no_kiri.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Japan_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="  深綠:實際管辖領土   淺綠:北方領土等主權聲索之領土"><img alt="  深綠:實際管辖領土   淺綠:北方領土等主權聲索之領土" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Japan_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/220px-Japan_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Japan_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/330px-Japan_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Japan_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/440px-Japan_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="536" data-file-height="536" /></a></span><div class="ib-country-map-caption"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84565780">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid var(--border-color-notice,black);color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .legend-color-styled{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid var(--border-color-notice,black);color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#007F00; color:white;"> </span> 深綠</span>:實際管辖領土<br /> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#49c746; color:black;"> </span> 淺綠</span>:<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%8D%83%E5%B2%9B%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B" title="南千岛群岛">北方領土</a>等主權聲索之領土</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">首都<div class="ib-country-largest">暨最大城市</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Tokyo_Metropolis.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Flag_of_Tokyo_Metropolis.svg/22px-Flag_of_Tokyo_Metropolis.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Flag_of_Tokyo_Metropolis.svg/33px-Flag_of_Tokyo_Metropolis.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Flag_of_Tokyo_Metropolis.svg/44px-Flag_of_Tokyo_Metropolis.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%AC%E9%83%BD" title="東京都">東京都</a><small>(<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E9%A6%96%E9%83%BD" title="日本首都">事實上</a>)</small><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82757201">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?language=zh&pagename=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&params=35_41_N_139_46_E_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="此地的地图、航拍照片和其他数据"><span class="latitude">35°41′N</span> <span class="longitude">139°46′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="此地的地图、航拍照片和其他数据">35.683°N 139.767°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">35.683; 139.767</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">官方语言</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%AF%AD" title="日语">日语</a><small>(事實上)</small><sup>a</sup><sup id="cite_ref-sangiinlang_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sangiinlang-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><span class="ib-country-lang"><span class="nowrap">认可的</span>地方语言</span></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E4%BC%8A%E5%8A%AA%E8%AA%9E" title="阿伊努語">阿伊努語</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%90%89%E7%90%83%E8%AA%9E" title="琉球語">琉球語</a>,以及其他<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" title="日本語言">少數民族語言</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%8F%E7%BE%A4" title="族群">族群</a><div class="ib-country-ethnic">(2019<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r80230634">.mw-parser-output .treeview ul{padding:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .treeview li{padding:0;margin:0;list-style-type:none;list-style-image:none}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Treeview-grey-line.png")no-repeat 0 -2981px;padding-left:1.25em;text-indent:0.35em}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li:last-child{background-position:0 -5971px}.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>.mw-empty-elt:first-child+.emptyline,.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>li:first-child{background-position:0 9px}</style><div class="treeview"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3#民族" title="日本人口">日本民族</a> <ul><li>97.7% <a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E4%BA%BA" title="日本人">日本人</a> <ul><li>95.6% <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%92%8C%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="大和族">大和族</a></li> <li>1.5% <a href="/wiki/%E7%90%89%E7%90%83%E6%97%8F" title="琉球族">琉球族</a></li> <li>0.2% <a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E4%BC%8A%E5%8A%AA%E6%97%8F" title="阿伊努族">阿伊努族</a></li> <li>0.4% <a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%B8%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="歸化">歸化</a>日籍外國人</li> <li>0.01% 其他<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E5%95%8F%E9%A1%8C#日本的少数民族" title="日本民族問題">少数民族</a></li></ul></li> <li>2.3% 外國籍遷入 <ul><li>0.7% <a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA" title="日本華人">華人</a></li> <li>0.4% <a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A8%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E4%BA%BA%E5%92%8C%E9%9F%A9%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA" title="在日朝鲜人和韩国人">朝鮮人</a></li> <li>1.2% 其他</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">宗教<div class="ib-country-religion"></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E9%81%93%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="神道教">神道教</a><small>(事實上)</small><br /><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="日本佛教">佛教</a><small>(事實上)</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="日本国政府">政府</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%95%E4%B8%80%E5%88%B6" title="单一制">单一制</a><br /><br /><a href="/wiki/%E8%AD%B0%E6%9C%83%E5%88%B6%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB%E7%AB%8B%E6%86%B2%E5%88%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="議會制君主立憲制">議會制君主立憲制</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E8%B1%A1%E5%BE%81%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87%E5%88%B6" title="象征天皇制">象徵天皇制</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87" title="天皇">天皇</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E4%BB%81" title="德仁">德仁</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A7%E9%96%A3%E7%B8%BD%E7%90%86%E5%A4%A7%E8%87%A3" title="內閣總理大臣">內閣總理大臣</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E7%A0%B4%E8%8C%82" title="石破茂">石破茂</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%BE%E8%AD%B0%E9%99%A2%E8%AD%B0%E9%95%B7_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" title="眾議院議長 (日本)">眾議院議長</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E9%A1%8D%E8%B3%80%E7%A6%8F%E5%BF%97%E9%83%8E" title="額賀福志郎">額賀福志郎</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%82%E8%AE%AE%E9%99%A2%E8%AE%AE%E9%95%BF_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" title="参议院议长 (日本)">參議院議長</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="關口昌一" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="関口昌一"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%97%9C%E5%8F%A3%E6%98%8C%E4%B8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="關口昌一(页面不存在)">關口昌一</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%96%A2%E5%8F%A3%E6%98%8C%E4%B8%80" class="extiw" title="ja:関口昌一"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">関口昌一</span></a></span>)</span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%9C%80%E9%AB%98%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2%E6%B3%95%E5%AE%98" class="mw-redirect" title="日本最高法院法官">最高裁判所長官</a></span> </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%88%B6%E5%80%89%E4%B8%89%E9%83%8E" title="戶倉三郎">戶倉三郎</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">立法机构</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%83_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" title="國會 (日本)">國會</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E8%AE%AE%E9%99%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="上议院">上议院</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%83%E8%AD%B0%E9%99%A2_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" title="參議院 (日本)">參議院</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8B%E8%AE%AE%E9%99%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="下议院">下议院</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%BE%E8%AD%B0%E9%99%A2_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" class="mw-redirect" title="眾議院 (日本)">眾議院</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%86%9B%E4%BA%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="日本军事">现役军人</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">255,135人<br />56,100人(後備役)<sup id="cite_ref-kousei_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kousei-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>(2021年)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="日本歷史">形成歷史</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E5%9C%8B%E7%B4%80%E5%BF%B5%E4%B9%8B%E6%97%A5" title="建國紀念之日">建國紀念之日</a><br /><span style="font-size:smaller;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E6%AD%A6%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87" title="神武天皇">神武天皇</a>立國</span> </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">西元前660年2月11日</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%8C%96%E9%9D%A9%E6%96%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="大化革新">大化革新</a> <br /><span style="font-size:smaller;">仿效中国<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E6%9C%9D" title="唐朝">唐朝</a>制度</span> </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">646年1月22日</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B%E6%86%B2%E6%B3%95" title="大日本帝國憲法">帝國憲法</a>生效<br /><span style="font-size:smaller;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="大日本帝國">帝國主義時代</a></span> </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1890年11月29日</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%8B%E6%86%B2%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="日本國憲法">戰後憲法</a>生效 </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1947年5月3日</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86" title="日本地理">面积</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• 总计</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">377,962平方公里<sup id="cite_ref-stat_nenkan_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stat_nenkan-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>(<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%90%84%E5%9B%BD%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA%E9%9D%A2%E7%A7%AF%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="世界各国和地区面积列表">第63名</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• 水域率</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1.40<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>%</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3" title="日本人口">人口</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• 2024年估计</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">124,090,000人(估計至2024年1月)<sup id="cite_ref-stat_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stat-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>(<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%84%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="各国家和地区人口列表">第11名</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• 2015年<sup id="cite_ref-stat_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stat-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>普查</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">127,094,745</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• 密度</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">336.22/平方公里</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%86%85%E7%94%9F%E4%BA%A7%E6%80%BB%E5%80%BC" title="国内生产总值">GDP</a><span style="font-weight:normal;">(<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%AD%E4%B9%B0%E5%8A%9B%E5%B9%B3%E4%BB%B7" title="购买力平价">PPP</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">2023年估计</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• 总计</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">6.456萬億<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%85%83" title="美元">美元</a><sup id="cite_ref-imf2_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-imf2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>(<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%84%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%9E%E8%B4%A8%E5%9B%BD%E5%86%85%E7%94%9F%E4%BA%A7%E6%80%BB%E5%80%BC%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="各国实质国内生产总值列表">第4名</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• 人均</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">51,809美元<sup id="cite_ref-imf2_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-imf2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>(<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%84%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E5%9D%87%E5%AE%9E%E8%B4%A8%E5%9B%BD%E5%86%85%E7%94%9F%E4%BA%A7%E6%80%BB%E5%80%BC%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="各国人均实质国内生产总值列表">第36名</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%86%85%E7%94%9F%E4%BA%A7%E6%80%BB%E5%80%BC" title="国内生产总值">GDP</a><span style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="nowrap">(国际汇率)</span></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">2023年估计</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• 总计</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">4.21萬億美元<sup id="cite_ref-imf2_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-imf2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>(<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%84%E5%9B%BD%E5%90%8D%E4%B9%89%E5%9B%BD%E5%86%85%E7%94%9F%E4%BA%A7%E6%80%BB%E5%80%BC%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="各国名义国内生产总值列表">第4名</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• 人均</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">33790美元<sup id="cite_ref-imf2_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-imf2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>(<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%84%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E5%9D%87%E5%90%8D%E4%B9%89%E5%9B%BD%E5%86%85%E7%94%9F%E4%BA%A7%E6%80%BB%E5%80%BC%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="各国人均名义国内生产总值列表">第34名</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E5%B0%BC%E7%B3%BB%E6%95%B0" title="基尼系数">基尼系数</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">0.379<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><span style="font-weight:normal;">(2011年)</span><br /><span class="nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83933911">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><span class="tmp-color" style="color:orange">中</span></span> · <a href="/wiki/%E5%90%84%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%B6%E5%85%A5%E5%9D%87%E8%A1%A1%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="各国收入均衡列表">第74名</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E7%B1%BB%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E6%8C%87%E6%95%B0" title="人类发展指数">人类发展指数</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><span style="color: #0c0; font-size:larger">▲</span> 0.925<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><span class="nowrap">(2019年)</span><br /><span class="nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732967">html:not(.skin-theme-clientpref-night) .mw-parser-output .ifdarkmode>.isdarkmode{display:none}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ifdarkmode>.nodarkmode{display:none}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ifdarkmode>.nodarkmode{display:none}}</style><span class="ifdarkmode"><span class="nodarkmode"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83933911"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgreen">极高</span></span><span class="isdarkmode"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83933911"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:green">极高</span></span></span></span> · <a href="/wiki/%E5%90%84%E5%9C%8B%E4%BA%BA%E9%A1%9E%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8C%87%E6%95%B8%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="各國人類發展指數列表">第19名</a> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">货币</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E5%9C%93" title="日圓">日圓</a>(¥)(<a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">JPY</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">时区</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8F%E8%B0%83%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E6%97%B6" title="协调世界时">UTC</a>+9</span>(<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E6%99%82%E9%96%93" title="日本標準時間">日本標準時間</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">日期格式</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655520">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>YYYY年M月D日</li><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%B9%B4%E8%99%9F%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="日本年號列表">令和</a>YY年M月D日<sup>c</sup></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• <a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%86%E6%B3%95" title="历法">历法</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E9%87%8C%E6%9B%86" class="mw-redirect" title="格里曆">公曆</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E5%92%8C%E6%9B%86" title="和曆">和曆</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E8%B7%AF%E9%80%9A%E8%A1%8C%E6%96%B9%E5%90%91" title="道路通行方向">行驶方位</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E8%B7%AF%E9%80%9A%E8%A1%8C%E6%96%B9%E5%90%91#日本" title="道路通行方向">靠左行駛</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">电话区号</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="日本電話號碼" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="日本の電話番号"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E9%9B%BB%E8%A9%B1%E8%99%9F%E7%A2%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="日本電話號碼(页面不存在)">+81</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E3%81%AE%E9%9B%BB%E8%A9%B1%E7%95%AA%E5%8F%B7" class="extiw" title="ja:日本の電話番号"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">日本の電話番号</span></a></span>)</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166码</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:JP" title="ISO 3166-2:JP">JP</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%B0%E5%8D%80%E9%A0%82%E7%B4%9A%E5%9F%9F" title="國家和地區頂級域">互联网顶级域</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/.jp" title=".jp">.jp</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><div class="ib-country-website"><b>网站</b><br /><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//japan.go.jp">japan<wbr />.go<wbr />.jp</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><div class="ib-country-fn"><ol class="ib-country-fn-alpha"> <li value="1">日本沒有<a href="/wiki/De_jure" title="De jure">法定的</a>官方語言,但是各種<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B" title="日本法律">法律</a>與政府文書均使用<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="日文">日文</a>。</li><li value="2">包括<a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%B7%E8%A1%80%E5%85%92" title="混血兒">混血兒</a>。</li><li value="3">公历年份减2018,2019年5月1日启用。</li> </ol></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><table class="infobox vcard plainlist" style="width:22em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #B0C4DE; border-bottom: 1px solid border-top:1px solid; table-layout:fixed;;">日語寫法</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">日語原文</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;"><span lang="ja">日本国</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A8%E9%9F%B3%E5%81%87%E5%90%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="注音假名">假名</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;"><span lang="ja">にっぽんこく<br />にほんこく</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E6%96%87%E5%BC%8F%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%AD%97" title="平文式罗马字">平文式罗马字</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;"><span lang="ja-Latn" title="日语转写" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Nippon-koku<br />Nihon-koku</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%8A%E5%AD%97%E9%AB%94" title="舊字體">日語舊字體</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;"><span lang="ja" style="font-feature-settings: 'trad' 1;-webkit-font-feature-settings: 'trad' 1;">日本國</span></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><table class="infobox vcard plainlist" style="width:22em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #B0C4DE; border-bottom: 1px solid border-top:1px solid; table-layout:fixed;;">日語寫法</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">日語原文</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;"><span lang="ja">日本</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A8%E9%9F%B3%E5%81%87%E5%90%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="注音假名">假名</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;"><span lang="ja">にっぽん<br />にほん</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E6%96%87%E5%BC%8F%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%AD%97" title="平文式罗马字">平文式罗马字</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;"><span lang="ja-Latn" title="日语转写" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Nippon<br />Nihon</span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>日本國</b>,通稱<b>日本</b>,是位於<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="東亞">東亞</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B3%B6%E5%B6%BC%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6" title="島嶼國家">島嶼國家</a>,由约14,125座等眾多<a href="/wiki/%E5%B3%B6%E5%B6%BC" title="島嶼">島嶼</a>組成<sup id="cite_ref-nijinet_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nijinet-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,总面積約37.8万平方公里<sup id="cite_ref-jnto_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jnto-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。國土全境被<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E6%B4%8B" title="太平洋">太平洋</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E9%84%82%E9%9C%8D%E6%AC%A1%E5%85%8B%E6%B5%B7" title="鄂霍次克海">鄂霍次克海</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%B5%B7" title="日本海">日本海</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E6%B5%B7" title="东海">东海</a>等<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%86%E7%BC%98%E6%B5%B7" title="陆缘海">陆缘海</a>環抱,西鄰<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE_(%E5%9C%B0%E5%8D%80)" title="朝鮮 (地區)">朝鮮半島</a>以及<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E9%81%A0%E6%9D%B1%E5%9C%B0%E5%8D%80" title="俄羅斯遠東地區">俄羅斯遠東地區</a>,東北接<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%83%E5%B3%B6%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="千島群島">千島群島</a>,西南面<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3" title="臺灣">臺灣</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%86" title="中国大陆">中国大陆</a>。<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3" title="日本人口">人口</a>達1.241億<sup id="cite_ref-stat_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stat-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,居於<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="国家人口列表">世界各國第11位</a>,當中逾3,500萬人居住於首都<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%AC%E9%83%BD" title="東京都">東京</a>及周邊數<a href="/wiki/%E9%83%BD%E9%81%93%E5%BA%9C%E7%B8%A3" title="都道府縣">縣</a>構成的<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%96%E9%83%BD%E5%9C%88_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" title="首都圈 (日本)">首都圈</a>,為目前世界上最大的<a href="/wiki/%E9%83%BD%E5%B8%82%E5%9C%88" title="都市圈">都市圈</a><sup id="cite_ref-RLF_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RLF-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" title="日本政治">政治上</a>施行<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%95%E4%B8%80%E5%88%B6" title="单一制">单一制</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%AE%E4%BC%9A%E5%88%B6%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB%E7%AB%8B%E5%AE%AA%E5%88%B6" title="议会制君主立宪制">议会制君主立宪制</a><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,君主<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87" title="天皇">天皇</a>為<a href="/wiki/%E8%B1%A1%E5%BE%81%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87%E5%88%B6" title="象征天皇制">國家及國民團結的象徵</a><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,實際的<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E6%AC%8A%E5%8A%9B" title="政治權力">政治權力</a>則由<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%83_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" title="國會 (日本)">國會</a>以及<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A7%E9%96%A3%E7%B8%BD%E7%90%86%E5%A4%A7%E8%87%A3" title="內閣總理大臣">內閣總理大臣</a>所領導的<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%85%A7%E9%96%A3" title="日本內閣">內閣</a>掌管<sup id="cite_ref-cityu_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cityu-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>日本於<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E5%9C%8B%E7%B4%80%E5%BF%B5%E4%B9%8B%E6%97%A5" title="建國紀念之日">公元前660年2月11日建國</a><sup id="cite_ref-hq_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hq-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,其<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E7%9A%87%E5%AE%A4" title="日本皇室">皇室</a>「<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%AC%E4%B8%96%E4%B8%80%E7%B3%BB" title="萬世一系">萬世一系</a>」未曾更迭,正式有<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="文字">文字</a>記錄則是在1世紀中期,由<a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%8C%E7%94%9F%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" title="彌生時代">彌生時代</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%82%AA%E9%A6%AC%E5%8F%B0%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="邪馬台國">邪馬台國</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%91%E5%BD%8C%E5%91%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="卑彌呼">卑彌呼</a>女王為始。4世紀,<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E7%95%BF%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9" title="近畿地方">關西地方</a>出現了日本<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%92%8C%E7%8E%8B%E6%AC%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="大和王權">首個統一政權</a>,在<a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9B%E9%B3%A5%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" title="飛鳥時代">飛鳥時代</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%88%E8%89%AF%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" title="奈良時代">奈良時代</a>中積極主動地學習效法<a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="隋朝">隋朝</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%A3%E5%94%90%E4%BD%BF" title="遣唐使">唐朝</a>的制度與文化,並於<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%8C%96%E9%9D%A9%E6%96%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="大化革新">大化革新</a>中確立了天皇的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E9%9B%86%E6%9D%83" title="中央集权">中央集权</a>體制。8世紀開始日本進入<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%AE%89%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="平安時代">平安時代</a>,脫離中國影響产生<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%A2%A8%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96" title="國風文化">國風文化</a>,創造了獨特的<a href="/wiki/%E5%92%8C%E6%9C%8D" title="和服">服裝</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89" title="日本建築">建築</a>、文字文化,確立以<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%AC%E9%83%BD" title="京都">京都</a>貴族(<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%AE%B6" title="公家">公家</a>)為中心的生活模式。<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%AE%89%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3" title="平安时代">平安時代</a>後期的12世紀末,<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A6%E5%A3%AB_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" title="武士 (日本)">武士</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6" title="武家">武家</a>)的力量超過了貴族;此後的600年間,日本由<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%95%E5%BA%9C_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" title="幕府 (日本)">幕府</a>等數個<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6%E6%94%BF%E6%AC%8A" title="武家政權">武家政權</a>實際統治,武士階級主導國政,天皇淪為名義上的君主。武家政權的統治時期分為<a href="/wiki/%E9%8E%8C%E5%80%89%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" title="鎌倉時代">鎌倉</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A4%E7%94%BA%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3" title="室町时代">室町</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%B7%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3" title="江户时代">江戶</a>等3大時代,期間包含政治紛亂的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%8C%97%E6%9C%9D%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" title="南北朝时代 (日本)">南北朝</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%98%E5%9B%BD%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" title="战国时代 (日本)">戰國</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%9C%9F%E6%A1%83%E5%B1%B1%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3" title="安土桃山时代">安土桃山</a>時代。17世紀起,時處江戶時代的日本實行<a href="/wiki/%E9%94%81%E5%9B%BD_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" title="锁国 (日本)">鎖國政策</a>長達2百年,直到1854年被<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E8%88%B9%E4%BE%86%E8%88%AA" title="黑船來航">武力脅迫開港</a>才結束。 </p><p>進入<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E4%BB%A3%E5%8F%B2" title="近代史">近代</a>的日本發生巨大轉折,在<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%B9%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C" title="西方世界">西方</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%97%E5%BC%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="列強">列強</a>步步緊逼的時局下,部分武士(<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%90%8D_(%E7%A7%B0%E8%B0%93)" title="大名 (称谓)">大名</a>)发动<a href="/wiki/%E5%80%92%E5%B9%95%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="倒幕運動">武装倒幕</a>,幫助天皇從幕府手中<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E6%94%BF%E5%A4%8D%E5%8F%A4" title="王政复古">收回政治實權</a>,接著在19世紀中后期的<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E6%B2%BB%E7%BB%B4%E6%96%B0" title="明治维新">明治维新</a>進行了大規模政治與經濟改革,施行<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E5%85%83%E5%88%B6%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB%E7%AB%8B%E5%AE%AA%E5%88%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="二元制君主立宪制">天皇專權的君主立憲制</a>,<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%9F%E8%97%A9%E7%BD%AE%E5%8E%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="废藩置县">废除各地藩国</a>,<a href="/wiki/%E7%90%89%E7%90%83%E8%99%95%E5%88%86" class="mw-redirect" title="琉球處分">将琉球纳入版图</a>,師法西方實現<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E6%A5%AD%E5%8C%96" title="工業化">工業化</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%BE%E4%BB%A3%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="現代化">現代化</a><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,並且開始大規模開墾<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93" title="北海道">北海道</a>;自19世纪末,日本國力大幅增強,先後擊敗清、俄兩國,將<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E6%97%A5%E6%B2%BB%E6%99%82%E6%9C%9F" title="台灣日治時期">臺灣</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%BA%E5%A4%AA%E5%BB%B3" title="樺太廳">库页岛南部</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%97%A5%E6%B2%BB%E6%99%82%E6%9C%9F" title="朝鮮日治時期">朝鮮</a>等地納為<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E5%9C%B0_(%E5%A4%A7%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B)" title="外地 (大日本帝國)">屬地</a>。進入<a href="/wiki/20%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA" title="20世纪">20世紀</a>時,日本被認為是<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E6%96%B9%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C" title="东方世界">東方世界</a>唯一能和西方列強爭霸的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="大國">大國</a>。日本後來在政治上被<a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%8D%E9%83%A8_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" title="軍部 (日本)">軍部</a>控制,走向<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%B3%95%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%AF%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="日本法西斯主義">法西斯化</a>,並在1931年開始發動<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%8A%97%E6%97%A5%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="中国抗日战争">對中國的侵略戰爭</a>,1940年与<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%9B%BD%E5%90%8C%E7%9B%9F%E6%9D%A1%E7%BA%A6" title="三国同盟条约">德意两国结盟</a>成為<a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%B4%E5%BF%83%E5%9B%BD" title="轴心国">二戰軸心國</a>,於1941年发动<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E6%B4%8B%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="太平洋战争">太平洋战争</a>对英美荷法等国宣战,最終於1945年投降。敗戰後,日本在<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E7%9B%9F%E5%9C%8B%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%8B%E4%BD%94%E9%A0%98%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="同盟國軍事佔領日本">盟軍主導下</a>轉型為以國會為中心的<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB%E7%AB%8B%E6%86%B2%E5%88%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="君主立憲制">君主立憲制</a>政體,天皇成為虛位君主<sup id="cite_ref-cityu_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cityu-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,同時在<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%8B%E6%86%B2%E6%B3%95%E7%AC%AC%E4%B9%9D%E6%A2%9D" title="日本國憲法第九條">戰後憲法第九條</a>中放棄發動戰爭的權利,僅擁有<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E5%8D%AB%E9%98%9F" title="自卫队">自衛隊</a>做為被動防禦之武裝力量(<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%98%B2%E5%86%9B" class="mw-disambig" title="国防军">國防軍</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。戰後日本全力<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" title="日本經濟">發展經濟</a>,使其成為亞洲最早的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B2%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BC%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6" title="已開發國家">已開發國家</a>之一,經濟體量在1980年代時達到世界第二。 </p><p>日本現今是<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%84%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%86%85%E7%94%9F%E4%BA%A7%E6%80%BB%E5%80%BC%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8_(%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%B1%87%E7%8E%87)" class="mw-redirect" title="各国国内生产总值列表 (国际汇率)">世界第四大經濟體</a>,亦為<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%83%E5%A4%A7%E5%B7%A5%E6%A5%AD%E5%9C%8B%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94" title="七大工業國組織">七大工業國組織</a>成員,与<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD" title="美国">美国</a>同为僅有两个人口过亿的已開發國家,主要奠基於<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" title="日本經濟">日本經濟</a>在二戰後的<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%88%98%E5%90%8E%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%A5%87%E8%BF%B9" title="日本战后经济奇迹">巨幅增長</a>。現時日本的<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E7%A0%94" class="mw-redirect" title="科研">科研</a>能力、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E6%A5%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="工業">工業</a>基礎和<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%B6%E9%80%A0%E4%B8%9A" title="制造业">製造業</a>技術均位居世界前列<sup id="cite_ref-tkp_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tkp-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,並為世界第四大<a href="/wiki/%E5%87%BA%E5%8F%A3%E8%B4%B8%E6%98%93" title="出口贸易">出口</a>國和<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%B2%E5%8F%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="進口">進口</a>國<sup id="cite_ref-eww_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eww-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。20世纪末日本<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%86%E5%B9%B4%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%8D%81%E5%A4%A7%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E4%BD%93%E5%9B%BD%E5%86%85%E7%94%9F%E4%BA%A7%E6%80%BB%E5%80%BC%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="历年世界十大经济体国内生产总值列表">GDP一度達到美國的7成</a>,1990年代经历<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%B3%A1%E6%B2%AB%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E" title="日本泡沫经济">经济泡沫</a>,被稱为“<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%B1%E8%90%BD%E7%9A%84%E5%8D%81%E5%B9%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="失落的十年">失落的十年</a>”,面臨<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%91%E5%AD%90%E5%8C%96" title="少子化">少子化</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%81%E9%BE%84%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="老龄化">老龄化</a>等日益嚴重的<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98" title="日本人口问题">人口問題</a>。至2022年,日本的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%86%85%E7%94%9F%E4%BA%A7%E6%80%BB%E5%80%BC" title="国内生产总值">国内生产总值</a>依<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E5%8C%AF%E7%8E%87" class="mw-redirect" title="國際匯率">國際匯率</a>可兌換成為約4.1萬億<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%85%83" title="美元">美元</a>,<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%91%E7%94%9F%E4%BA%A7%E6%80%BB%E5%80%BC" title="国民生产总值">人均國民收入</a>在33,800<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%85%83" title="美元">美元</a>左右,屬於<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B2%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BC%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6" title="已開發國家">发达国家</a>,<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E9%A1%9E%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8C%87%E6%95%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="人類發展指數">人類發展指數</a>亦在最高群組行列<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="國名"><span id=".E5.9C.8B.E5.90.8D"></span>國名</h2></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E7%9A%84%E5%90%8D%E7%A8%B1" title="日本的名稱">日本的名稱</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="日語">日語</a>中「日本」一詞有多種讀法,一般讀作「<span title="漢字或假名表記(原文)"><span lang="ja"><span class="unicode haudio"><span class="fn"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/d\/db\/Ja-nippon%28%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%29.ogg\/Ja-nippon%28%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%29.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"\u306b\u3063\u307d\u3093"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"zh","wikibase":"","file":"Ja-nippon(\u65e5\u672c).ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/db/Ja-nippon%28%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%29.ogg/Ja-nippon%28%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%29.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="播放音频" title="播放音频" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">にっぽん</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Ja-nippon(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC).ogg" title="File:Ja-nippon(日本).ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></span></span></span><sup> <i><span title="羅馬字表記" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none" lang="ja-Latn">Nippon</span></i></sup>」或「<span title="漢字或假名表記(原文)"><span lang="ja"><span class="unicode haudio"><span class="fn"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-2" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/9\/92\/Ja-nihon%28%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%29.ogg\/Ja-nihon%28%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%29.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"\u306b\u307b\u3093"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"zh","wikibase":"","file":"Ja-nihon(\u65e5\u672c).ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/92/Ja-nihon%28%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%29.ogg/Ja-nihon%28%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%29.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="播放音频" title="播放音频" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">にほん</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Ja-nihon(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC).ogg" title="File:Ja-nihon(日本).ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></span></span></span><sup> <i><span title="羅馬字表記" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none" lang="ja-Latn">Nihon</span></i></sup>」<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。時至今日,<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="日本政府">日本政府</a>並無规定其标准读音,因此两种读法并存<sup id="cite_ref-kokkai171_570_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kokkai171_570-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。日本的意思為“朝阳升起的地方”,泛指東方。在《<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%87%E5%8F%B6%E9%9B%86" class="mw-redirect" title="万叶集">万叶集</a>》及《<a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%90%E6%B0%8F%E7%89%A9%E8%AA%9E" title="源氏物語">源氏物語</a>》中都有出現;後來受到<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%88" title="漢字文化圈">漢文化</a>的影響,此名詞的發音由<a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%AD%E8%AF%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="训读">训读</a>改為今日的<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E8%AF%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="音读">音读</a>。由於日本國土地處<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B" title="中國">中國</a>東面的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7" title="海">海洋</a>上,故此<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="中文">中文</a>使用上又稱其為「<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E7%80%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="東瀛">東瀛</a>」或「<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%B4%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="東洋">東洋</a>」<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。中國古籍亦以「<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%B6%E6%A1%91" title="扶桑">扶桑</a>」或「<a href="/wiki/%E5%80%AD%E5%9B%BD" title="倭国">倭國</a>」稱呼,當時日本以<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%92%8C%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F" title="大和民族">大和</a>(<span lang="ja">やまと</span>)自稱。《旧唐書·東夷傳》《新唐書·日本傳》記載:<a href="/wiki/%E5%92%B8%E4%BA%A8" title="咸亨">咸亨</a>元年(670年),日本<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%A3%E5%94%90%E4%BD%BF" title="遣唐使">遣使入唐</a>,使者自言「因近日出,以為名。」一般學界普遍認為是從西元689年<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%AD%A6%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87" title="天武天皇">天武天皇</a>的實驗性律法《<a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9B%E9%B3%A5%E6%B7%A8%E5%BE%A1%E5%8E%9F%E4%BB%A4" title="飛鳥淨御原令">飛鳥淨御原令</a>》將國名正式從「倭國」改成「日本」,君主稱號從「大王」改成「天皇」才誕生。到了西元703年(<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%AE%9D_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" title="大宝 (日本)">大宝</a>3年),國際正式承認國名。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="历史"><span id=".E5.8E.86.E5.8F.B2"></span>历史</h2></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="日本历史">日本历史</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="史前及原始時代"><span id=".E5.8F.B2.E5.89.8D.E5.8F.8A.E5.8E.9F.E5.A7.8B.E6.99.82.E4.BB.A3"></span>史前及原始時代</h3></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E8%88%8A%E7%9F%B3%E5%99%A8%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" title="日本舊石器時代">日本舊石器時代</a></div> <p>已知最早的日本人類<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E7%9F%B3" title="化石">化石</a>可追溯到3萬年前。今日的<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%83%E5%8F%A4%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="考古學">考古學</a>證據則表明,古代日本的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E4%BD%8F%E6%B0%91" title="原住民">原住民</a>为<a href="/wiki/%E7%B9%A9%E6%96%87%E4%BA%BA" title="繩文人">绳纹人</a><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,公元前三世纪,<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%9A" title="东北亚">东北亚</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E4%BA%9A" title="东亚">东亚</a>遷徙而來的各民族与原住民融合,逐渐形成今天的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%92%8C%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F" title="大和民族">大和民族</a><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。大約在公元前一萬年開始,日本進入<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%9F%B3%E5%99%A8%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3" title="新石器时代">新石器時期</a>,是為<a href="/wiki/%E7%B9%A9%E7%B4%8B%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" title="繩紋時代">繩紋時代</a>(公元前一萬年至公元前3世紀)和<a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%8C%E7%94%9F%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" title="彌生時代">彌生時代</a>(公元前3世紀至公元3世紀)<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>伴隨著從<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="東亞">東亞</a>遷入日本的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%A1%E4%BE%86%E4%BA%BA" title="渡來人">渡來人</a>,日本在彌生時代初期出現<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B6%E5%99%A8" title="陶器">陶器</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%90%B5%E5%99%A8" title="鐵器">鐵</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E9%8A%85%E5%99%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="青銅器">銅器</a>以及<a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%BB%E7%94%B0" title="稻田">水田</a>等文化,逐漸成為一個<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83" title="農業社會">農業社會</a><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,同時一些如<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%B4%E5%9B%BD" title="奴国">奴国</a>等的小國也開始與中國發展外交關係<sup id="cite_ref-Hanshu_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hanshu-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="古代"><span id=".E5.8F.A4.E4.BB.A3"></span>古代</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Emperor_Jimmu.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Emperor_Jimmu.jpg/170px-Emperor_Jimmu.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="247" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Emperor_Jimmu.jpg/255px-Emperor_Jimmu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Emperor_Jimmu.jpg/340px-Emperor_Jimmu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1242" data-file-height="1807" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E6%AD%A6%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87" title="神武天皇">神武天皇</a>東征</figcaption></figure> <p>在《<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%9B%B8%E7%B4%80" title="日本書紀">日本書紀</a>》中,依據神話<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E7%85%A7%E5%A4%A7%E7%A5%9E" title="天照大神">天照大神</a>的後裔<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E6%AD%A6%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87" title="神武天皇">神武天皇</a>於<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%9B%E9%85%89" title="辛酉">辛酉</a>年<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E6%9C%88%E5%88%9D%E4%B8%80" title="正月初一">舊曆一月一日</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D660%E5%B9%B4" title="前660年">公元前660年</a><a href="/wiki/2%E6%9C%8811%E6%97%A5" title="2月11日">2月11日</a>)即位為初代<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87" title="天皇">天皇</a>、並建立日本國。現今日本國的<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E5%9C%8B%E7%B4%80%E5%BF%B5%E4%B9%8B%E6%97%A5" title="建國紀念之日">建國紀念日</a>即依此而定為<a href="/wiki/2%E6%9C%8811%E6%97%A5" title="2月11日">2月11日</a><sup id="cite_ref-hq_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hq-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>《<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%9C%8B%E5%BF%97" title="三國志">三國志</a>》記載<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%9C%8B%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="三國時代">三國時代</a>日本古稱倭,當時與中國有朝見關係者有三十餘個部落,其中被推為共主最有聲望的是<a href="/wiki/%E9%82%AA%E9%A6%AC%E5%8F%B0%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="邪馬台國">邪馬台國</a>的女王<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%91%E5%BD%8C%E5%91%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="卑彌呼">卑彌呼</a>。公元239年六月,倭女王遣使至帶方郡要求至京城朝獻<a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%B9%E9%AD%8F" title="曹魏">魏國</a>天子。<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E5%BB%B7#日本的朝廷" title="朝廷">日本朝廷</a>一直透過<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E5%8D%8A%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鮮半島">朝鮮半島</a>的諸國吸收來自於<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="亞洲">亞洲</a>大陸的文化。587年,豪族<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E6%88%91%E6%B0%8F" title="蘇我氏">蘇我氏</a>的頭目<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E6%88%91%E9%A6%AC%E5%AD%90" title="蘇我馬子">蘇我馬子</a>擊敗<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E9%83%A8%E5%AE%88%E5%B1%8B" title="物部守屋">物部守屋</a>,又在592年暗殺<a href="/wiki/%E5%B4%87%E5%B3%BB%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87" title="崇峻天皇">崇峻天皇</a>、立女皇<a href="/wiki/%E6%8E%A8%E5%8F%A4%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87" title="推古天皇">推古天皇</a>為帝,<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E5%BE%B7%E5%A4%AA%E5%AD%90" title="聖德太子">聖德太子</a>攝政<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,日本進入<a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9B%E9%B3%A5%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" title="飛鳥時代">飛鳥時代</a>。聖德太子制定官位十二階,并頒布憲法十七条,嘗試建立一個以<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87" title="天皇">天皇</a>為中心的國家。聖德太子過世後,蘇我氏長期掌權。645年,<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%84%E7%9A%87%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="中大兄皇子">中大兄皇子</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%87%A3%E9%95%B0%E8%B6%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="中臣镰足">中臣鐮足</a>暗殺<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E6%88%91%E5%85%A5%E9%B9%BF" title="蘇我入鹿">蘇我入鹿</a>,掌握政權,是為「<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%99%E5%B7%B3%E4%B9%8B%E8%AE%8A" title="乙巳之變">乙巳之變</a>」<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。中大兄皇子擁立<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%9D%E5%BE%B7%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87" title="孝德天皇">孝德天皇</a>即位,推動<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%8C%96%E9%9D%A9%E6%96%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="大化革新">大化革新</a>等改革,仿效中国<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E6%9C%9D" title="唐朝">唐朝</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E6%9C%9D#政治体制" title="唐朝">政治制度</a>,建立了一個<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E9%9B%86%E6%9D%83" title="中央集权">中央集权</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB%E5%B0%88%E5%88%B6" title="君主專制">君主制</a>的國家。710年,<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E6%98%8E%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87" title="元明天皇">元明天皇</a>遷都<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%9F%8E%E4%BA%AC" title="平城京">平城京</a><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,日本進入<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%88%E8%89%AF%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" title="奈良時代">奈良時代</a>,<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%8B%E4%BB%A4%E5%88%B6" title="律令制">律令制</a>國家也日益成熟。朝廷的版圖在這時也逐漸擴張,征服<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E5%8C%97%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9" title="东北地方">东北地方</a>部分地區和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E4%B9%9D%E5%B7%9E" title="南九州">南九州</a><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>奈良時代後期,由于贵族权力超越皇权,政局動蕩,君主制松弛<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。794年,<a href="/wiki/%E6%A1%93%E6%AD%A6%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87" title="桓武天皇">桓武天皇</a>遷都<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%AE%89%E4%BA%AC" title="平安京">平安京</a>(現在的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%AC%E9%83%BD%E5%BA%9C" title="京都府">京都府</a>-<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%AC%E9%83%BD" title="京都">京都</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,此後到1192年成立<a href="/wiki/%E9%8E%8C%E5%80%89%E5%B9%95%E5%BA%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="鎌倉幕府">鎌倉幕府</a>的這段期間是為<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%AE%89%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="平安時代">平安時代</a>,<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E5%81%87%E5%90%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="日語假名">日語假名</a>以及<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%A2%A8%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96" title="國風文化">國風文化</a>在此時代成形。<a href="/wiki/%E5%B5%AF%E5%B3%A8%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87" title="嵯峨天皇">嵯峨天皇</a>时期的《<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%92%B0%E5%A7%93%E6%B0%8F%E9%8C%84" title="新撰姓氏錄">新撰姓氏錄</a>》记录居住在京都及<a href="/wiki/%E7%95%BF%E5%85%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="畿內">畿內</a>的1182个氏族,其中「漢」為163氏,「百濟」為104氏,「高句麗」為41氏,「新羅」為9氏,「伽倻」為9氏<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>平安時代末期,本依附于贵族的<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A6%E5%A3%AB_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" title="武士 (日本)">武士</a>阶级迅速崛起,出現以<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E5%9C%8B" title="東國">東國</a>為勢力范圍的<a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%90%E6%B0%8F" title="源氏">源氏</a>和以<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%9B%BD" title="西国">西国</a>為勢力範圍的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E6%B0%8F" title="平氏">平氏</a>兩個龐大的武家勢力,1159年,發生<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E6%B2%BB%E4%B9%8B%E4%BA%82" class="mw-redirect" title="平治之亂">平治之亂</a>,源氏實力雖遭遇很大削弱,但在東國仍擁有強大實力,國家內部因為割據有源平二氏及<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E5%B7%9E%E8%97%A4%E5%8E%9F%E6%B0%8F" title="奧州藤原氏">奧州藤原氏</a>等勢力,加上各界不滿架空朝廷的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E6%94%BF%E5%A4%A7%E8%87%A3" title="太政大臣">太政大臣</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E6%B8%85%E7%9B%9B" title="平清盛">平清盛</a>專橫擅政而內戰頻仍。經過長期的<a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%90%E5%B9%B3%E5%90%88%E6%88%B0" title="源平合戰">源平合戰</a>,平氏被趕出京都,將朝廷遷往<a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%8F%E5%8E%9F%E4%BA%AC" title="福原京">福原京</a>,之後於1185年在<a href="/wiki/%E5%A3%87%E4%B9%8B%E6%B5%A6%E4%B9%8B%E6%88%B0" title="壇之浦之戰">壇之浦之戰</a>中徹底覆滅<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="幕府時代"><span id=".E5.B9.95.E5.BA.9C.E6.99.82.E4.BB.A3"></span>幕府時代</h3></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%95%E5%BA%9C_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" title="幕府 (日本)">幕府 (日本)</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6%E6%94%BF%E6%AC%8A" title="武家政權">武家政權</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kikuchi_Yoosai_-_Mongol_Invasion_(m%C5%8Dko_sh%C5%ABrai)_-_Tokyo_National_Museum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Kikuchi_Yoosai_-_Mongol_Invasion_%28m%C5%8Dko_sh%C5%ABrai%29_-_Tokyo_National_Museum.jpg/170px-Kikuchi_Yoosai_-_Mongol_Invasion_%28m%C5%8Dko_sh%C5%ABrai%29_-_Tokyo_National_Museum.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="273" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Kikuchi_Yoosai_-_Mongol_Invasion_%28m%C5%8Dko_sh%C5%ABrai%29_-_Tokyo_National_Museum.jpg/255px-Kikuchi_Yoosai_-_Mongol_Invasion_%28m%C5%8Dko_sh%C5%ABrai%29_-_Tokyo_National_Museum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Kikuchi_Yoosai_-_Mongol_Invasion_%28m%C5%8Dko_sh%C5%ABrai%29_-_Tokyo_National_Museum.jpg/340px-Kikuchi_Yoosai_-_Mongol_Invasion_%28m%C5%8Dko_sh%C5%ABrai%29_-_Tokyo_National_Museum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1499" data-file-height="2409" /></a><figcaption>由<a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%8A%E6%B1%A0%E5%AE%B9%E9%BD%8B" title="菊池容齋">菊池容齋</a>所繪《蒙古入侵圖》,展於<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%AC%E5%9C%8B%E7%AB%8B%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A4%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="東京國立博物館">東京國立博物館</a></figcaption></figure> <p>1192年,武家首領<a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%90%E8%B5%96%E6%9C%9D" title="源赖朝">源赖朝</a>被封为<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%81%E5%A4%B7%E5%A4%A7%E5%B0%86%E5%86%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="征夷大将军">征夷大将军</a>,建立<a href="/wiki/%E9%95%B0%E4%BB%93%E5%B9%95%E5%BA%9C" title="镰仓幕府">镰仓幕府</a>,並展開幕府統治,标志着日本军事贵族掌握国家大权,开始了日本600多年的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%95%E5%BA%9C_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" title="幕府 (日本)">幕府</a>時代。源赖朝過世後,其妻子<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%9D%A1%E6%94%BF%E5%AD%90" title="北条政子">北條政子</a>的娘家<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%A2%9D%E6%B0%8F" title="北條氏">北條氏</a>實力擴大,其父<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%A2%9D%E6%99%82%E6%94%BF" title="北條時政">北條時政</a>、弟<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%A2%9D%E7%BE%A9%E6%99%82" title="北條義時">北條義時</a>開始操縱、暗殺或廢立之後的繼位者,幕府大權旁落於世襲<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%B7%E6%AC%8A" title="執權">執權</a>的北條氏<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%97%E5%AE%97" title="得宗">得宗</a>家之手<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%BF%E4%B9%85%E4%B9%8B%E4%BA%82" title="承久之亂">承久之亂</a>後,北條氏的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A7%94%E5%93%A1%E6%9C%83%E5%88%B6" title="委員會制">委員會制</a>「執權-<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%A3%E7%BD%B2_(%E5%BD%B9%E8%81%B7)" class="mw-redirect" title="連署 (役職)">連署</a>政治」達於全盛。1232年,<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%A2%9D%E6%B3%B0%E6%99%82" title="北條泰時">北條泰時</a>制訂法典《<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%A1%E6%88%90%E6%95%97%E5%BC%8F%E7%9B%AE" title="御成敗式目">御成敗式目</a>》(又稱《貞永式目》)<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。該法典最初僅適用於<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6" title="武家">武家</a>內部,後來適用於全國。1274年與1281年,<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="蒙古帝国">蒙古帝国</a>兩次<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E6%97%A5%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="元日戰爭">侵日</a>都未能成功,而戰後受貨幣經濟影響,無法恩賞抗元兵,導致<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%A1%E5%AE%B6%E4%BA%BA" title="御家人">御家人</a>的貧困與御家人制度的解體<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。北條氏實行一族獨裁,加深御家人和非御家人武士的反感,地方武士和農民積極進行反幕活動,幕府由盛轉衰。<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%8C%E9%86%8D%E9%86%90%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87" title="後醍醐天皇">後醍醐天皇</a>乘機發動<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E4%B8%AD%E4%B9%8B%E8%AE%8A" title="正中之變">正中之變</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E5%BC%98%E4%B9%8B%E8%AE%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="元弘之變">元弘之變</a>,倒幕號召得到各地武士響應。1333年5月<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%94%B0%E4%B9%89%E8%B4%9E" title="新田义贞">新田义贞</a>攻陷<a href="/wiki/%E9%8E%8C%E5%80%89" class="mw-redirect" title="鎌倉">鎌倉</a>,北條氏控制的鎌倉幕府滅亡<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>後醍醐天皇掌握大權以後,并沒有滿足武士階層的期望。大軍閥<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%B3%E5%88%A9%E5%B0%8A%E6%B0%8F" title="足利尊氏">足利尊氏</a>成為所有武士的代表,于1336年攻陷京都,扶持<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A9%E7%B5%B1%E8%BF%AD%E7%AB%8B" title="兩統迭立">兩統迭立</a>中的<a href="/wiki/%E6%8C%81%E6%98%8E%E9%99%A2%E7%B5%B1" title="持明院統">持明院統</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E6%98%8E%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87" title="光明天皇">光明天皇</a>即位。<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%A6%BA%E5%AF%BA%E7%B5%B1" title="大覺寺統">大覺寺統</a>的後醍醐天皇把持著<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E7%9A%87%E5%AE%A4" title="日本皇室">皇室</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E7%A5%9E%E5%99%A8" title="三神器">三神器</a>逃到<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E9%87%8E" title="吉野">吉野</a>山中,堅持自己才是正統<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,足利尊氏則在京都建立<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A4%E7%94%BA%E5%B9%95%E5%BA%9C" title="室町幕府">室町幕府</a>,于是出現京都(北朝)和吉野(南朝)兩個對立的朝廷。<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%8C%97%E6%9C%9D_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" class="mw-redirect" title="南北朝 (日本)">南北朝</a>的征戰持續將近60年,1392年,足利義滿逼南朝的<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%8C%E9%BE%9C%E5%B1%B1%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87" title="後龜山天皇">後龜山天皇</a>讓位,由室町幕府擁立的北朝<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%8C%E5%B0%8F%E6%9D%BE%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87" title="後小松天皇">後小松天皇</a>成為天皇,也終止長達57年的南北朝時期<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。1401年,室町幕府第三任<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%81%E5%A4%B7%E5%A4%A7%E5%B0%87%E8%BB%8D" title="征夷大將軍">將軍</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%B3%E5%88%A9%E7%BE%A9%E6%BB%BF" title="足利義滿">足利義滿</a>為了经济利益和抗衡天皇而向<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E6%9C%9D" title="明朝">明朝</a>朝貢,<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E6%9C%9D%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="明朝君主列表">大明皇帝</a>遂封其為「<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%8B%E7%8E%8B" title="日本國王">日本國王</a>」,但幕府於7年後與明朝斷交<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Himeji_castle_in_may_2015.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Himeji_castle_in_may_2015.jpg/220px-Himeji_castle_in_may_2015.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Himeji_castle_in_may_2015.jpg/330px-Himeji_castle_in_may_2015.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Himeji_castle_in_may_2015.jpg/440px-Himeji_castle_in_may_2015.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5632" data-file-height="3754" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E5%A7%AC%E8%B7%AF%E5%9F%8E" title="姬路城">姫路城</a></figcaption></figure> <p>室町幕府末期(1467年)發生<a href="/wiki/%E6%87%89%E4%BB%81%E4%B9%8B%E4%BA%82" class="mw-redirect" title="應仁之亂">應仁之亂</a>,標誌著日本進入長達148年的<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%98%E5%9B%BD%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" title="战国时代 (日本)">戰國時代</a><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。1573年,<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%90%8D_(%E7%A8%B1%E8%AC%82)" class="mw-redirect" title="大名 (稱謂)">大名</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%B9%94%E7%94%B0%E4%BF%A1%E9%95%B7" title="織田信長">織田信長</a>,亦是當時最強悍的諸侯,攻下室町幕府所在地<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%A2%9D%E5%BE%A1%E6%89%80" class="mw-redirect" title="二條御所">二條御所</a>,將<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%B3%E5%88%A9%E7%BE%A9%E6%98%AD" title="足利義昭">足利義昭</a>流放到<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E5%85%A7%E5%9C%8B" title="河內國">河內國</a>,室町幕府滅亡,日本進入<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%9C%9F%E6%A1%83%E5%B1%B1%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="安土桃山時代">安土桃山時代</a>(1573年至1603年)。1582年,織田信長因家臣<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E6%99%BA%E5%85%89%E7%A7%80" title="明智光秀">明智光秀</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E8%83%BD%E5%AF%BA%E4%B9%8B%E5%8F%98" title="本能寺之变">發動兵變</a>而被害<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。信長重臣<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%BD%E6%9F%B4%E7%A7%80%E5%90%89" class="mw-redirect" title="羽柴秀吉">羽柴秀吉</a>繼承其勢力,繼續進行統一日本的戰爭。1586年,秀吉受賜姓豐臣氏並就任<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E6%94%BF%E5%A4%A7%E8%87%A3" title="太政大臣">太政大臣</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E9%97%9C%E7%99%BD" title="關白">關白</a>的最高官職,並於1590年击败<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%A2%9D%E6%B0%8F" title="北條氏">北條氏</a>統一全日本,隔年秀吉將關白一職讓與過繼來的養子<a href="/wiki/%E8%B1%90%E8%87%A3%E7%A7%80%E6%AC%A1" title="豐臣秀次">豐臣秀次</a>,自稱<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%96%A4" title="太閤">太閤</a>,以世襲的方式宣示<a href="/wiki/%E8%B1%90%E8%87%A3%E6%94%BF%E6%AC%8A" title="豐臣政權">豐臣政權</a>的穩定<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。秀吉統率大部分的大名諸侯,自1592年起發動<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%AC%E6%9B%86%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E4%B9%8B%E5%BD%B9" title="萬曆朝鮮之役">文祿・慶長之役</a>,攻打<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="朝鲜王朝">朝鮮</a><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。1593年6月,日本因海戰失利,無法補給,加上朝鮮<a href="/wiki/%E7%98%9F%E7%96%AB" title="瘟疫">瘟疫</a>流行,為保朝鮮南部四道的戰果,遂派使節隨同明使沈惟敬到<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="北京">北京</a>議和,其間談判使者<a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E6%98%9F" title="石星">石星</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%88%E6%83%9F%E6%95%AC" title="沈惟敬">沈惟敬</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E8%A5%BF%E8%A1%8C%E9%95%B7" title="小西行長">小西行長</a>合謀欺瞞矇混中日雙方,使得明朝在冊封秀吉為<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%8B%E7%8E%8B" title="日本國王">日本國王</a>時態度輕慢。9月,明朝賜封的使者抵達日本,豐臣秀吉因朝鮮王子不前來答謝而頓感大怒,拒絕受封,下令驅逐明朝使節,並將小西行長治罪,再次發兵攻打朝鮮<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。1598年7月,豐臣秀吉在<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8F%E8%A6%8B%E5%9F%8E" title="伏見城">伏見城</a>過世,日方於當年逐漸撤出朝鮮結束戰爭。 </p><p>1600年,封地在<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B3%E4%B8%9C%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="关东地方">關東</a>地方的大名<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%B7%9D%E5%AE%B6%E5%BA%B7" title="德川家康">德川家康</a>取得<a href="/wiki/%E9%97%9C%E5%8E%9F%E4%B9%8B%E6%88%B0" title="關原之戰">關原之戰</a>的勝利<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,基本上獲得全國軍、政上的優勢。1603年,家康被任命為征夷大將軍,開創<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%B6%E5%B9%95%E5%BA%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="江戶幕府">江戶幕府</a><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。1615年,德川家康在<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%9D%82%E4%B9%8B%E5%BD%B9" title="大坂之役">大坂之役</a>中完全消滅<a href="/wiki/%E8%B1%90%E8%87%A3%E6%B0%8F" title="豐臣氏">豐臣氏</a>的勢力,實現了日本的統一,江戶幕府也成為日本實際上的統治者。江戶幕府實行日本獨特的封建體制「<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%95%E8%97%A9%E4%BD%93%E5%88%B6" title="幕藩体制">幕藩体制</a>」,將社會分為<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E6%B0%91" title="四民">士農工商</a>四個階級及穢多、非人等<a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%A4%E6%B0%91" class="mw-redirect" title="賤民">賤民</a>,基本上階級間的流動受到限制。在幕藩制之下,各藩领国在經濟上依賴中央政府的市場進行交易,幕府凭借经济上优势确保其统治权;但隨著後期商品經濟的高度發展,藩际贸易大大减少各领国对中央的依附性,各藩表现出明显的独立倾向,瓦解了幕藩体制的政治基础<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>1543年,一艘<a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99" title="葡萄牙">葡萄牙</a>船漂流到<a href="/wiki/%E9%B9%BF%E5%85%92%E5%B3%B6%E7%81%A3" title="鹿兒島灣">鹿兒島</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%AE%E5%AD%90%E5%B3%B6" title="種子島">種子島</a><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。時日本正值戰國紛擾,葡萄牙人將歐式火槍傳入日本,<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99" title="基督教">基督教</a>也在這時進入日本<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。然而,傳教活動與<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E8%A0%BB%E8%B2%BF%E6%98%93" title="南蠻貿易">發達的貿易</a>逐漸威脅到江戶幕府的統治,於是幕府在1641年把<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="荷蘭">荷蘭</a>商館遷移到長崎的<a href="/wiki/%E5%87%BA%E5%B3%B6" title="出島">出島</a>,奉行保护主義(<a href="/wiki/%E9%94%81%E5%9B%BD_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" title="锁国 (日本)">鎖國</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-ETM207_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ETM207-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,這段期間日本只容许<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="荷蘭">荷蘭</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%9C%9D" title="清朝">清朝</a>的商人來日貿易。在奉行保护主義的200多年間,荷蘭商人通過與日經商傳入<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%AD%E5%AD%B8" title="蘭學">蘭學</a>,<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%AD%E5%AD%B8" title="蘭學">蘭學</a>因而在日本生根發芽<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。1854年,<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="美國">美國</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E6%B5%B7%E8%BB%8D" title="美國海軍">海軍</a>准將<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E4%BC%91%C2%B7%E4%BD%A9%E9%87%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="馬休·佩里">馬休·佩里</a>率領<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E8%88%B9" title="黑船">黑船艦隊</a>駛抵<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%B6" title="江戶">江戶</a>附近的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%A6%E8%B3%80" title="浦賀">浦賀</a>,<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E8%88%B9%E4%BE%86%E8%88%AA" title="黑船來航">迫使日本開港通商</a>,才一改日本的貿易保护主義作風<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%95%E6%9C%AB" title="幕末">江戶幕府末年</a>暴動頻繁,幕藩體制搖搖欲墜,在西南四藩(<a href="/wiki/%E8%96%A9%E6%91%A9%E8%97%A9" title="薩摩藩">薩摩</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%95%BF%E5%B7%9E%E8%97%A9" title="长州藩">長州</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E4%BD%90%E8%97%A9" title="土佐藩">土佐</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%82%A5%E5%89%8D" class="mw-disambig" title="肥前">肥前</a>)為主的維新志士帶領下,一場全國性的<a href="/wiki/%E5%80%92%E5%B9%95%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="倒幕運動">倒幕運動</a>正式開展<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="明治維新"><span id=".E6.98.8E.E6.B2.BB.E7.B6.AD.E6.96.B0"></span>明治維新</h3></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">参见:<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E6%B2%BB%E7%B6%AD%E6%96%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="明治維新">明治維新</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="日本帝國主義">日本帝國主義</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B2%E5%8D%88%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="甲午戰爭">甲午戰爭</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%85%E9%A0%86%E5%A4%A7%E5%B1%A0%E6%AE%BA" title="旅順大屠殺">旅順大屠殺</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%99%E6%9C%AA%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" title="乙未戰爭">乙未戰爭</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E9%9F%93%E5%90%88%E4%BD%B5" title="日韓合併">日韓合併</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E4%BF%84%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="日俄戰爭">日俄戰爭</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kenpohapu-chikanobu.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Kenpohapu-chikanobu.jpg/220px-Kenpohapu-chikanobu.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Kenpohapu-chikanobu.jpg/330px-Kenpohapu-chikanobu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Kenpohapu-chikanobu.jpg/440px-Kenpohapu-chikanobu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="900" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B%E6%86%B2%E6%B3%95" title="大日本帝國憲法">帝国宪法</a>的颁布(1889年)</figcaption></figure> <p>1867年,末代江戶幕府將軍<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%B7%9D%E6%85%B6%E5%96%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="德川慶喜">德川慶喜</a>迫於情勢主動<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%94%BF%E5%A5%89%E9%82%84" class="mw-redirect" title="大政奉還">大政奉還</a>,以<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E6%B2%BB%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87" title="明治天皇">明治天皇</a>為首的新政府<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E6%94%BF%E5%BE%A9%E5%8F%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="王政復古">正式成立</a><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%B6%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="江戶時代">江戶時代</a>結束。1867年開始的<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E6%B2%BB%E7%BB%B4%E6%96%B0" title="明治维新">明治维新</a>對日本进行了多项大刀阔斧的改革,在国家层面积极学习<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%B9%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="西方国家">西方国家</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E4%BD%93" title="政体">政治制度</a>与<a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84" title="社会结构">社会结构</a>,建立了以天皇为尊的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E5%85%83%E5%88%B6%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB%E7%AB%8B%E5%AE%AA%E5%88%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="二元制君主立宪制">二元制君主立宪制</a>国家。在地方政治上<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%A2%E8%97%A9%E7%BD%AE%E7%B8%A3" title="廢藩置縣">廢藩置縣</a>,廢除<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%90%8D_(%E7%A8%B1%E8%AC%82)" class="mw-redirect" title="大名 (稱謂)">大名</a>制度<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。1889年,新政府頒布了《<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B%E6%86%B2%E6%B3%95" title="大日本帝國憲法">大日本帝國憲法</a>》(又稱《明治憲法》)。1890年舉行第一次<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B%E8%AD%B0%E6%9C%83_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" title="帝國議會 (日本)">帝國議會</a><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。在整頓內政的同時,日本也積極對外擴張版圖。1871年10月,一艘<a href="/wiki/%E7%90%89%E7%90%83%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="琉球國">琉球國</a>船隻於<a href="/wiki/%E9%A2%B1%E9%A2%A8" title="颱風">颱風</a>後漂流至<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3" title="臺灣">臺灣</a>東南部<sup id="cite_ref-征臺記事p.26_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-征臺記事p.26-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,其中54名登島乘客被原住民<a href="/wiki/%E5%87%BA%E8%8D%89" title="出草">出草</a>殺害,史稱<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AB%E7%91%A4%E7%81%A3%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="八瑤灣事件">八瑤灣事件</a><sup id="cite_ref-真相_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-真相-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。由於當時琉球國同時向<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%9C%9D" title="清朝">清朝</a>和日本朝貢,而清廷表示將事件交由日本處理<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,日本因而在1874年5月攻打臺灣南部<a href="/wiki/%E6%8E%92%E7%81%A3%E6%97%8F" title="排灣族">排灣族</a>部落,是為「<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A1%E4%B8%B9%E7%A4%BE%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="牡丹社事件">牡丹社事件</a>」<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。在駐华英國公使調停下,中日兩國簽訂《<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%B0%88%E7%B4%84" class="mw-redirect" title="北京專約">北京專約</a>》,後來日本政府將條文中的「<a href="/wiki/%E7%90%89%E7%90%83%E6%97%8F" title="琉球族">琉球人</a>」詮釋為「日本國屬民」,因而在1879年以此为由<a href="/wiki/%E7%90%89%E7%90%83%E8%99%95%E5%88%86" class="mw-redirect" title="琉球處分">吞并</a>了琉球,琉球王国灭亡<sup id="cite_ref-琉球王國的滅亡_(三)_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-琉球王國的滅亡_(三)-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Generals_Pyongyang_MigitaToshihide_October1894.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Generals_Pyongyang_MigitaToshihide_October1894.jpg/220px-Generals_Pyongyang_MigitaToshihide_October1894.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Generals_Pyongyang_MigitaToshihide_October1894.jpg/330px-Generals_Pyongyang_MigitaToshihide_October1894.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Generals_Pyongyang_MigitaToshihide_October1894.jpg/440px-Generals_Pyongyang_MigitaToshihide_October1894.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1335" data-file-height="650" /></a><figcaption>在中日甲午战争中向日本投降的中国指挥官</figcaption></figure> <p>1894年,<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="朝鲜王朝">李朝</a>統治下的<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE_(%E5%9C%B0%E5%8D%80)" title="朝鮮 (地區)">朝鮮</a>發生<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E5%AD%B8%E9%BB%A8%E8%B5%B7%E7%BE%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="東學黨起義">東學黨起義</a>,中日按《<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%97%A5%E5%A4%A9%E6%B4%A5%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE%E4%B8%93%E6%9D%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="中日天津会议专条">天津條約</a>》同時出兵朝鮮,起义平息后日本要求继续驻兵被拒,其後扣留<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E9%AB%98%E5%AE%97" title="朝鮮高宗">高宗李熙</a>,命<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%A2%E5%90%9B" title="大院君">大院君</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E6%98%B0%E6%87%89" class="mw-redirect" title="李昰應">李昰应</a>主国事,後日本稱發現李昰应曾要求東學黨與清軍一起驅逐<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%BB%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="日軍">日軍</a><sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,於是不宣而战,突襲駐守於朝鮮的大清海軍。隨後於1894年8月1日,中日兩國互相宣戰,<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B2%E5%8D%88%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="甲午戰爭">甲午戰爭</a>正式爆發<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,1895年2月,清軍潰敗,清廷被迫派<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E9%B4%BB%E7%AB%A0" title="李鴻章">李鴻章</a>代表清廷向日本求和,並以戰敗國身份在日本威逼下签订了條件苛刻的不平等条约《<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%B3%E6%9D%A1%E7%BA%A6" title="马关条约">马关条约</a>》,日本在此條約中獲得了臺灣與<a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%8E%E6%B9%96%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="澎湖群島">澎湖群島</a>、以及二億兩白银的巨額賠款<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,使日本成為廣泛認同的<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%97%E5%BC%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="列強">列強</a>之一。 </p><p>1900年,<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="俄罗斯帝国">俄国</a>趁<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AB%E5%9B%BD%E8%81%94%E5%86%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="八国联军">八国联军</a>侵华战争时单独出兵佔據<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%B8%9C%E5%8C%97%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA" title="中国东北地区">中国東北</a>,但各国与清廷议和后俄国依然拒不撤兵,遂与日本交恶,最終在1904年爆發<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E4%BF%84%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="日俄戰爭">日俄戰爭</a>,日本帝国重创俄罗斯,这次獲勝除了讓歐洲為之震撼,各殖民帝國更紛紛對日本刮目相看,日本也取得<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%AB%E9%A0%81%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="庫頁島">庫頁島</a>(日本称樺太)<a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%BA%E5%A4%AA%E5%BB%B3" title="樺太廳">北緯50度以南的部分</a><sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。1910年,胁迫<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%9F%93%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="大韓帝國">大韓帝國</a>簽訂《<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E9%9F%A9%E5%90%88%E5%B9%B6%E6%9D%A1%E7%BA%A6" title="日韩合并条约">日韩合并条约</a>》,令朝鮮<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E9%9F%93%E5%90%88%E4%BD%B5" title="日韓合併">合併成為日本的一部分</a><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="兩次世界大戰"><span id=".E5.85.A9.E6.AC.A1.E4.B8.96.E7.95.8C.E5.A4.A7.E6.88.B0"></span>兩次世界大戰</h3></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">参见:<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98" title="第一次世界大战">第一次世界大战</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98%E6%9C%9F%E9%97%B4%E7%9A%84%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="第一次世界大战期间的日本">第一次世界大战期间的日本</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F%E5%B8%B8%E4%BB%BB%E7%90%86%E4%BA%8B%E5%9C%8B" title="國際聯盟常任理事國">國際聯盟常任理事國</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98" title="第二次世界大战">第二次世界大战</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E5%86%9B%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89%E7%BD%AA%E8%A1%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="日军战争罪行">日军战争罪行</a></div> <p>日本於1910年將<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%9F%93%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="大韓帝國">大韓帝國</a>併入版圖<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,是為<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E9%9F%93%E5%90%88%E4%BD%B5" title="日韓合併">日韓合併</a>;並在<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="第一次世界大戰">第一次世界大戰</a>中投向<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%94%E7%B4%84%E5%9C%8B" title="協約國">協約國</a>,向<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E7%9B%9F%E5%9B%BD_(%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98)" class="mw-redirect" title="同盟国 (第一次世界大战)">同盟國</a>宣戰,以獲得<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%B6%E5%B7%9E%E6%B9%BE%E7%A7%9F%E5%80%9F%E5%9C%B0" title="胶州湾租借地">德國在中國山東半島的殖民地</a><sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。1914年9月,日本向<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E6%84%8F%E5%BF%97%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="德意志帝國">德國</a>宣战,發動<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E5%B3%B6%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" title="青島戰役">青島戰役</a>,11月攻佔<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E5%B3%B6%E5%B8%82_(%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B)" title="青島市 (中華民國)">青島</a><sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。日本赢得了第一次世界大战。由於一戰使軍需大幅增加,<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E6%99%AF%E6%B0%A3" title="大戰景氣">大戰景氣</a>(又稱大正泡沫经济)發生,日本經濟曾一度非常繁荣。日本進入短暫的「<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%AD%A3%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB" title="大正民主">大正民主</a>」時期。1918年,米價急漲,日本農村爆發<a href="/wiki/1918%E5%B9%B4%E7%B1%B3%E9%AA%9A%E5%8A%A8" title="1918年米骚动">米騒動</a>事件,並演變成武裝衝突,参与者逾二百萬人;事後警方逮捕超過二萬五千人,其中八千二百人被判各項刑罰:轻则罚款,重则處死<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>;此事亦使<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%BA%E5%85%A7%E6%AD%A3%E6%AF%85" title="寺內正毅">寺內內閣</a>下台。由於當時<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A7%E5%9C%B0_(%E5%A4%A7%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B)" title="內地 (大日本帝國)">日本內地</a>的大米供不應求,因而增加生產朝鮮和臺灣的大米,並进口更多的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E5%9C%B0_(%E5%A4%A7%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B)" title="外地 (大日本帝國)">外地</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%AC%E5%9C%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="屬地">屬地</a>)大米至內地,以解內地缺米之憂;朝鲜和臺湾对内供米减少,朝鲜农民只能从滿洲进口杂粮充饥<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。1923年9月,日本<a href="/wiki/%E9%97%9C%E6%9D%B1%E5%A4%A7%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87" title="關東大地震">關東大地震</a><sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,死亡人數達十三萬人,日本經濟遭遇重創;1927年4月,由于日本政府救濟<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E9%8A%80%E8%A1%8C" title="臺灣銀行">臺灣銀行</a>失敗,陷全國金融於險地,史稱「<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%AD%E5%92%8C%E9%87%91%E8%9E%8D%E6%81%90%E6%85%8C" title="昭和金融恐慌">昭和金融恐慌</a>」<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。1930年,世界經濟陷入<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E5%A4%A7%E6%81%90%E6%85%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="經濟大恐慌">嚴重經濟衰退</a>,日本亦未能倖免。在此期間,<a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%B1%E5%8F%A3%E9%9B%84%E5%B9%B8" title="濱口雄幸">濱口</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%AC%E9%A4%8A%E6%AF%85" title="犬養毅">犬養</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%B2%A1%E7%94%B0%E5%95%9F%E4%BB%8B" title="岡田啟介">岡田</a>內閣為挽救經濟,主張削減軍費,使<a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%8D%E9%83%A8_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" title="軍部 (日本)">軍部</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B3%E6%B4%BE" title="右派">右翼</a>組織不滿,三人亦先後被暗殺<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,日本<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%9B%E5%9B%BD%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="军国主义">軍國主義</a>思想白熱化並對外侵略,特別是好戰的陸軍即在控制的中國東北地區滋事。 </p><p>1931年,日軍發動<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%9D%E4%B8%80%E5%85%AB%E4%BA%8B%E8%AE%8A" title="九一八事變">九一八事變</a>,入侵中國東北,扶植<a href="/wiki/%E5%82%80%E5%84%A1%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="傀儡國家">傀儡國家</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%BB%A1%E6%B4%B2%E5%9B%BD" title="满洲国">满洲国</a>,作為中日全面戰爭的前哨戰;1932年,日軍在上海發動<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%C2%B7%E4%BA%8C%E5%85%AB%E4%BA%8B%E8%AE%8A" title="一·二八事變">一·二八事變</a>。1936年2月26日,發生了<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E4%BA%8C%E5%85%AD%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="二二六事件">二二六事件</a><sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%88%E7%94%B0%E5%90%AF%E4%BB%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="冈田启介">冈田</a>内阁倒台,<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%A3%E7%94%B0%E5%BC%98%E6%AF%85" title="廣田弘毅">廣田弘毅</a>組閣、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%A2%9D%E8%8B%B1%E6%A9%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="東條英機">東條英機</a>為軍部當權派閥領袖,建立以<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87" title="天皇">天皇</a>及軍部<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%9F%E5%88%B6%E6%B4%BE" title="统制派">統制派</a>為本的<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%B3%95%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%AF%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="日本法西斯主義">法西斯</a>體制<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。1937年7月7日,日軍策動<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%A7%E6%BA%9D%E6%A9%8B%E4%BA%8B%E8%AE%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="盧溝橋事變">盧溝橋事變</a>,大規模入侵中國,引發<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%8A%97%E6%97%A5%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="中国抗日战争">第二次中日戰爭</a>。<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%BB%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="日軍">日軍</a>在开战后一度佔領<a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%AF%E6%9D%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="華東">華東</a>平原,包括中國首都<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%B8%82_(%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B)" title="南京市 (中華民國)">南京</a>,並試圖以<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%A4%A7%E5%B1%A0%E6%AE%BA" title="南京大屠殺">南京大屠殺</a>逼中國軍民屈服<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,估計被殺人數約為二十萬以上乃至三十萬人<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,中国<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="國民政府">國民政府</a>拒绝投降,领导<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%E8%BB%8D" title="國民革命軍">國民革命軍</a>退守中國西南继续抵抗<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。由于后勤与地形原因,加上<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%A7%E5%85%9A" title="中国共产党">中国共产党</a>率领之游击队的抵抗,日軍难以继续深入中国内地作战,中國戰情僵持不下,日本陷入<a href="/wiki/%E6%B6%88%E8%80%97%E6%88%B0" title="消耗戰">消耗戰</a>;曠日持久,消耗日本大量人力、物力和財力<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,加上歐美對日本实行石油和钢铁<a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%81%E9%81%8B" title="禁運">禁運</a>,若資源被切斷則無法打贏游擊戰。起初陸軍試圖攻打<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94" title="苏联">蘇聯</a>以获取远东的资源,但因<a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%BE%E9%96%80%E7%BD%95%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" title="諾門罕戰役">诺门坎战败</a>而最終作罷,因此军方孤注一擲,以情勢說服對擴張不為所動的海軍動員,試圖發動「<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%9E%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="大東亞戰爭">大東亞戰爭</a>」,向<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%9A" title="东南亚">東南亚</a>的西方殖民地继续扩张,引起<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E6%B4%8B%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="太平洋戰爭">太平洋戰爭</a><sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>1941年12月,日本海軍<a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%8D%E7%8F%A0%E6%B8%AF%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="珍珠港事件">偷襲</a>美军位於<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%8F%E5%A8%81%E5%A4%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="夏威夷">夏威夷</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%8D%E7%8F%A0%E6%B8%AF" title="珍珠港">珍珠港</a>的基地,並正式向<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="美國">美國</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="英國">英國</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="荷蘭">荷蘭</a>宣戰,同時開始進軍<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%9A" title="东南亚">东南亚</a>等太平洋地區,二戰亞洲戰場爆發。日軍起初連戰皆捷,然而<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B%E6%B5%B7%E8%BB%8D" title="大日本帝國海軍">大日本帝國海軍</a>在<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E9%80%94%E5%B3%B6%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="中途島戰役">中途島戰役</a>大敗,成為太平洋戰爭的轉捩點<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。1938年以来,日军以「<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%AB%E8%8D%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="扫荡">扫荡</a>」、「<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%85%89%E4%BD%9C%E6%88%98" class="mw-redirect" title="三光作战">三光作战</a>」等暴行,试图消灭游击队,稳定中國的日佔區,但仍无法扭转整体局势,而將希望寄託於海軍。可是戰爭後期,美國海軍陸戰隊接連攻下<a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AB%E7%A3%BA%E5%B3%B6" title="硫磺島">硫磺島</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%96%E7%B9%A9%E5%B3%B6" title="沖繩島">沖繩島</a>,設下的海上防衛線接連遭到突破,美國可以從島嶼直攻日本本土,美軍<a href="/wiki/B-29%E8%BD%9F%E7%82%B8%E6%A9%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="B-29轟炸機">B-29轟炸機</a>隨即<a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E8%A5%B2%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="空襲日本">密集轰炸日本本土</a>,許多城市遇襲,市民傷亡慘重、工業設施盡毀,並重創日本的飛機工廠和機場<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,敗相已明顯出現。1945年8月6日和9日,美军依次在<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%A3%E5%B3%B6%E5%B8%82" title="廣島市">廣島市</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%95%BF%E5%B4%8E%E5%B8%82" title="长崎市">长崎市</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%A3%E5%B3%B6%E8%88%87%E9%95%B7%E5%B4%8E%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E5%BD%88%E7%88%86%E7%82%B8" title="廣島與長崎原子彈爆炸">投下两枚原子弹</a>,苏联亦於8月8日對日本宣戰,在<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AB%E6%9C%88%E9%A2%A8%E6%9A%B4%E8%A1%8C%E5%8B%95" title="八月風暴行動">八月風暴行動</a>中佔領日軍控制下的中國東北。8月15日,<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%AD%E5%92%8C%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87" title="昭和天皇">昭和天皇</a>以<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%89%E9%9F%B3%E6%94%BE%E9%80%81" class="mw-redirect" title="玉音放送">電台廣播宣佈投降</a>,同日<a href="/wiki/%E9%88%B4%E6%9C%A8%E8%B2%AB%E5%A4%AA%E9%83%8E%E5%85%A7%E9%96%A3" title="鈴木貫太郎內閣">铃木贯太郎内阁</a>总辞,战前<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%AD%E5%92%8C%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="昭和时代">昭和时代</a>结束。9月2日,时任日本外相<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E5%85%89%E8%91%B5" title="重光葵">重光葵</a>和时任日本陆军参谋长<a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%85%E6%B4%A5%E7%BE%8E%E6%B2%BB%E9%83%8E" title="梅津美治郎">梅津美治郎</a>分别代表日本政府和<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%9C%AC%E7%87%9F_(%E5%A4%A7%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B)" title="大本營 (大日本帝國)">日本帝国大本营</a>簽署《<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%8D%E4%BC%8F%E6%96%87%E6%9B%B8" title="降伏文書">降伏文書</a>》,接受《<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E8%8C%A8%E5%9D%A6%E5%AE%A3%E8%A8%80" class="mw-redirect" title="波茨坦宣言">波茨坦宣言</a>》,並將領土範圍限於本州、北海道、九州、四國以及其他指定島嶼,约占1920年日本国土面积的54%<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98" title="第二次世界大战">第二次世界大战</a>正式結束<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="戰後"><span id=".E6.88.B0.E5.BE.8C"></span>戰後</h3></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">参见:<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E7%9B%9F%E5%9C%8B%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%8B%E4%BD%94%E9%A0%98%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="同盟國軍事佔領日本">同盟國軍事佔領日本</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%92%8C%E5%B9%B3%E6%86%B2%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="和平憲法">和平宪法</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%88%98%E5%90%8E%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%A5%87%E8%BF%B9" title="日本战后经济奇迹">日本战后经济奇迹</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%B3%A1%E6%B2%AB%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E" title="日本泡沫经济">日本泡沫經濟</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:0_fuji.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/0_fuji.JPG/220px-0_fuji.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/0_fuji.JPG/330px-0_fuji.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/0_fuji.JPG/440px-0_fuji.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2705" data-file-height="1841" /></a><figcaption>1964年<a href="/wiki/1964%E5%B9%B4%E5%A4%8F%E5%AD%A3%E5%A5%A5%E6%9E%97%E5%8C%B9%E5%85%8B%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8%E4%BC%9A" title="1964年夏季奥林匹克运动会">東京奧運</a>開幕前夕通車的<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%B9%B9%E7%B7%9A" title="新幹線">新幹線</a></figcaption></figure> <p>從1945年9月2日戰敗到1952年4月28日《<a href="/wiki/%E8%88%8A%E9%87%91%E5%B1%B1%E5%92%8C%E7%B4%84" title="舊金山和約">舊金山和約</a>》生效期間,日本被<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E7%9B%9F%E5%9C%8B%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%8B%E4%BD%94%E9%A0%98%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="同盟國軍事佔領日本">盟軍軍事佔領</a>,由美軍為首的<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E7%9B%9F%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%80%E9%AB%98%E5%8F%B8%E4%BB%A4%E5%AE%98%E7%B8%BD%E5%8F%B8%E4%BB%A4%E9%83%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="同盟國最高司令官總司令部">駐日盟軍司令部</a>(GHQ)統治,實行<a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%A1%E9%96%A5%E8%A7%A3%E9%AB%94" title="財閥解體">財閥解體</a>政策,對壟斷資本進行大規模重組;日本失去所有屬地,也暫時被迫移交<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E7%AC%A0%E5%8E%9F%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B" title="小笠原群岛">小笠原群岛</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E7%B5%B1%E6%B2%BB%E7%90%89%E7%90%83%E6%99%82%E6%9C%9F" title="美國統治琉球時期">琉球</a>(原<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%96%E7%B9%A9%E7%B8%A3" title="沖繩縣">沖繩縣</a>)予美國<a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%8B%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="軍事政府">軍政管理</a>。1950年,<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鮮戰爭">朝鮮戰爭</a>爆发,美国对日本的政策開始改變,包括单方面和日本議和並放弃戰勝國对日索赔的權利<sup id="cite_ref-ft_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ft-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,允许日本設置<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E5%8D%AB%E9%98%9F" title="自卫队">自卫队</a><sup id="cite_ref-zbg_100-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zbg-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,同时向日本订购大量军火及军需产品,帶動日本戰後军工产业的發展<sup id="cite_ref-jc_101-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jc-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。美国亦在經濟、政治方面對日本提供援助,使其成為<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E5%B3%B6%E9%8F%88" title="第一島鏈">第一島鏈</a>的一部分,遏制<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%A7%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="共产主义">共产主义</a><sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,由此而生的「特需繁榮」讓日本經濟進入<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%88%98%E5%90%8E%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%A5%87%E8%BF%B9" title="日本战后经济奇迹">日本战后经济奇迹</a>,並在隨後十年分別出現<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E6%AD%A6%E6%99%AF%E6%B0%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="神武景氣">神武景氣</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B2%A9%E6%88%B7%E6%99%AF%E6%B0%94" title="岩户景气">岩户景气</a>等多次經濟發展高潮。1956年12月18日,日本加入<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="聯合國">聯合國</a><sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。1964年,東京成功舉辦<a href="/wiki/1964%E5%B9%B4%E5%A4%8F%E5%AD%A3%E5%A5%A7%E6%9E%97%E5%8C%B9%E5%85%8B%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="1964年夏季奧林匹克運動會">奧運會</a>,帶來<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E6%9E%97%E5%8C%B9%E5%85%8B%E6%99%AF%E6%B0%A3" title="奧林匹克景氣">奧林匹克景氣</a>,同年日本加入<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E5%90%88%E4%BD%9C%E8%88%87%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94" class="mw-redirect" title="經濟合作與發展組織">經濟合作與發展組織</a>,<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E7%94%9F%E7%94%A2%E7%B8%BD%E5%80%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="國民生產總值">國民生產總值</a>在其後4年超越英國、法國、德國,成為全球第二大經濟體,正式躋身於先進國家之列<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。1972年,美國將琉球的行政權<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%96%E7%B9%A9%E8%BF%94%E9%82%84" title="沖繩返還">交还給日本</a><sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>1973年,<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E7%9F%B3%E6%B2%B9%E5%8D%B1%E6%9C%BA" title="第一次石油危机">第一次石油危机</a>爆發,日本經濟增長每年僅4%左右,低於1960年代初的9%,日本高速經濟成長時期宣告結束,但日本在世界經濟體中仍排第二位<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。1991年,<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%B3%A1%E6%B2%AB%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E" title="日本泡沫经济">日本泡沫經濟</a>崩潰,經濟陷入長期不景氣階段。這一時期失業攀升,<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E5%82%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="國債">國債</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%A4%E5%AD%97" title="赤字">赤字</a>龐大<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,加上1995年<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E5%A7%86%E7%9C%9F%E7%90%86%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="奧姆真理教">奧姆真理教</a>發動的一系列恐怖攻擊與<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%AA%E7%A5%9E%E5%A4%A7%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87" title="阪神大地震">阪神大地震</a>,社會陷入不安。1990年代,日本的人均国內生产总值達到歷史最高位。 </p><p>戰後的日本自1955年起長期由<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E5%85%9A_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" title="自由民主党 (日本)">自由民主黨</a>執政,因而出現「<a href="/wiki/55%E5%B9%B4%E9%AB%94%E5%88%B6" title="55年體制">55年體制</a>」<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,直至1993年由於部份自民黨黨員退黨,自民黨在該年國會眾議院選舉過後<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E8%87%AA%E6%B0%91%C2%B7%E9%9D%9E%E5%85%B1%E7%94%A2%E9%80%A3%E7%AB%8B%E6%94%BF%E6%AC%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="非自民·非共產連立政權">短暫失去組閣權</a>約10個月,短短一年後自民黨與<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E9%BB%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="日本社會黨">社會黨</a>聯手,藉社會黨<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%91%E5%B1%B1%E5%AF%8C%E5%B8%82" title="村山富市">村山富市</a>內閣的組建重返執政地位<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="二十一世紀"><span id=".E4.BA.8C.E5.8D.81.E4.B8.80.E4.B8.96.E7.B4.80"></span>二十一世紀</h3></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">参见:<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%B1%E5%8E%BB%E7%9A%84%E5%8D%81%E5%B9%B4" title="失去的十年">失去的十年</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%80%8D%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E5%AD%B8" title="安倍經濟學">安倍經濟學</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shinzo_Abe_answering_questions_on_new_imperial_era_name_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Shinzo_Abe_answering_questions_on_new_imperial_era_name_3.jpg/220px-Shinzo_Abe_answering_questions_on_new_imperial_era_name_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Shinzo_Abe_answering_questions_on_new_imperial_era_name_3.jpg/330px-Shinzo_Abe_answering_questions_on_new_imperial_era_name_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Shinzo_Abe_answering_questions_on_new_imperial_era_name_3.jpg/440px-Shinzo_Abe_answering_questions_on_new_imperial_era_name_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="795" /></a><figcaption>宣布新年号「<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A4%E5%92%8C" title="令和">令和</a>」</figcaption></figure> <p>進入<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" class="mw-redirect" title="二十一世紀">二十一世紀</a>初期,日本經濟利用往<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E8%88%88%E5%B8%82%E5%A0%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="新興市場">新興市場</a>出口而出現小波段甦醒的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E9%82%AA%E9%82%A3%E7%BE%8E%E6%99%AF%E6%B0%A3" title="伊邪那美景氣">伊邪那美景氣</a><sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,但是2008年發生的全球<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E8%9E%8D%E6%B5%B7%E5%98%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="金融海嘯">金融海嘯</a>令<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%A2%E5%B0%BC" title="索尼">索尼</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%B1%90%E7%94%B0%E6%B1%BD%E8%BB%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="豐田汽車">豐田</a>等指標性大企業紛紛出現巨大虧損<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>2009年,執政<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E6%B0%91%E9%BB%A8_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" class="mw-redirect" title="自民黨 (日本)">自民黨</a>在<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC45%E5%B1%86%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E7%9C%BE%E8%AD%B0%E9%99%A2%E8%AD%B0%E5%93%A1%E7%B8%BD%E9%81%B8%E8%88%89" title="第45屆日本眾議院議員總選舉">第45屆日本眾議院議員總選舉</a>中慘敗,再次下台,首次失去共計長達54年眾議院第一大黨的地位。三年後,由於<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E5%85%9A_(1998%E5%B9%B4)" class="mw-redirect" title="民主党 (1998年)">民主黨</a>施政失當和在<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%A4%A7%E9%9C%87%E7%81%BD" title="東日本大震災">東日本大震災</a>中救災不力<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A7%E9%96%A3%E7%B8%BD%E7%90%86%E5%A4%A7%E8%87%A3" title="內閣總理大臣">內閣總理大臣</a>更換頻繁,加上<a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%8F%E5%B3%B6%E6%A0%B8%E7%81%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="福島核災">福島核災</a>使日本的經濟再次陷入困境,造就自民黨再次上台的機會<sup id="cite_ref-e2_115-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-e2-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。2012年12月,自民黨取得壓制性勝利,黨總裁<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%80%8D%E6%99%89%E4%B8%89" class="mw-redirect" title="安倍晉三">安倍晉三</a>在上台後倡議修改憲法,取消當中否定的<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%86%E9%AB%94%E8%87%AA%E8%A1%9B%E6%AC%8A" title="集體自衛權">集體自衛權</a><sup id="cite_ref-www86_116-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-www86-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>以允許自衛隊到海外參與<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="聯合國">聯合國</a>的維和反恐行動<sup id="cite_ref-mdnkids_117-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mdnkids-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,同時將自衛隊的目標改為「本土防衛和國防保障」<sup id="cite_ref-mdnkids_117-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mdnkids-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-kenpou_118-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kenpou-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,透過自主制定的新憲法使日本成為一個正常的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E6%AC%8A%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="主權國家">主權國家</a><sup id="cite_ref-jimin116667_119-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jimin116667-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。由於新憲法的部分字眼具爭議性,引發部分亞洲鄰國不安<sup id="cite_ref-hantai_120-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hantai-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,其推出的<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="特定秘密保護法案" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="特定秘密保護法案"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%B9%E5%AE%9A%E7%A7%98%E5%AF%86%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7%E6%B3%95%E6%A1%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="特定秘密保護法案(页面不存在)">秘密保護法案</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E5%AE%9A%E7%A7%98%E5%AF%86%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7%E6%B3%95%E6%A1%88" class="extiw" title="ja:特定秘密保護法案"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">特定秘密保護法案</span></a></span>)</span></span>在社會上亦引起一些疑慮<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%80%8D%E6%99%89%E4%B8%89" class="mw-redirect" title="安倍晉三">安倍晉三</a>推行了一系列經濟改革措施,包括推動<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E5%9C%93" title="日圓">日圓</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%B6%E5%80%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="貶值">貶值</a>、實行<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8F%E5%8C%96%E5%AF%AC%E9%AC%86" title="量化寬鬆">量化寬鬆</a>等<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,被稱為「<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%80%8D%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E5%AD%B8" title="安倍經濟學">安倍經濟學</a>」<sup id="cite_ref-whjg_123-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-whjg-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。縱使當中調高<a href="/wiki/%E6%B6%88%E8%B2%BB%E7%A8%85" class="mw-redirect" title="消費稅">消費稅</a>的措施可能會令部分國民的薪資追不上物價升幅<sup id="cite_ref-whjg_123-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-whjg-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,但由於日圓兑<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%85%83" title="美元">美元</a>贬值,帶動日本產業出口量和國內消費需求攀升,使日本能夠擺脫長達15年之久的通縮陰影<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,亦令<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%B1%E6%A5%AD%E7%8E%87" class="mw-redirect" title="失業率">失業率</a>創6年新低<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E7%B6%93%E5%B9%B3%E5%9D%87%E6%8C%87%E6%95%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="日經平均指數">日經平均指數</a>升至近六年高位<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>2018年12月26日,日本宣布退出<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%8D%95%E9%B2%B8%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A" title="国际捕鲸委员会">国际捕鲸委员会</a>,重啟中斷30年商業捕鯨。日本從二次大戰後幾乎沒有退出國際機構的前例,這次退出極為罕見<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。2019年,<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E4%BB%81%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87" class="mw-redirect" title="德仁天皇">德仁天皇</a>登基。<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E6%88%90%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="平成時代">平成時代</a>结束,<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A4%E5%92%8C" title="令和">令和</a>年代开始<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。2021年举行<a href="/wiki/2020%E5%B9%B4%E5%A4%8F%E5%AD%A3%E5%A5%A5%E6%9E%97%E5%8C%B9%E5%85%8B%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8%E4%BC%9A" title="2020年夏季奥林匹克运动会">夏季奥林匹克运动会</a>。因為<a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%8F%E5%B3%B6%E6%A0%B8%E5%BB%A2%E6%B0%B4%E6%8E%92%E6%94%BE%E5%95%8F%E9%A1%8C" title="福島核廢水排放問題">福島核廢水排放問題</a>,日本政府受到<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="中华人民共和国">中国</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%A9%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="韩国">韩国</a>等周边国家政府和环保团体的强烈指责<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。2022年7月8日,安倍晋三在<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%88%E8%89%AF%E5%B8%82" title="奈良市">奈良市</a>参加竞选活动期间被<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%80%8D%E6%99%8B%E4%B8%89%E9%81%87%E5%88%BA%E6%A1%88" class="mw-redirect" title="安倍晋三遇刺案">枪杀</a>,成为自1936年<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E4%BA%8C%E5%85%AD%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="二二六事件">二二六事件</a>以来第一个遇刺身亡的前日本首相<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="地理"><span id=".E5.9C.B0.E7.90.86"></span>地理</h2></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86" title="日本地理">日本地理</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%88%86%E5%8C%BA" title="日本地理分区">日本地理分區</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Satellite_View_of_Japan_1999.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Satellite_View_of_Japan_1999.jpg/220px-Satellite_View_of_Japan_1999.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="281" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Satellite_View_of_Japan_1999.jpg/330px-Satellite_View_of_Japan_1999.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Satellite_View_of_Japan_1999.jpg/440px-Satellite_View_of_Japan_1999.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1638" data-file-height="2092" /></a><figcaption>日本列島衛星圖</figcaption></figure> <p>日本國土位於<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E4%BA%9A%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%86" class="mw-redirect" title="欧亚大陆">欧亚大陆</a>以東,<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E6%B4%8B" title="太平洋">太平洋</a>西部,由3個弧状<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="群島">群島</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%88%97%E5%B3%B6" title="日本列島">日本列島</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%90%89%E7%90%83%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="琉球群島">琉球群島</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E8%B1%86%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="伊豆群島">伊豆</a>-<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E7%AC%A0%E5%8E%9F%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="小笠原群島">小笠原群島</a>)組成。其中<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93" title="北海道">北海道</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E5%B7%9E" title="本州">本州</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="四国">四国</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%9D%E5%B7%9E_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" title="九州 (日本)">九州</a>四大島的面積就佔了國土面積的99.37%。日本通常被歸劃於<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="東亞">東亞</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="東北亞">東北亞</a>的範疇<sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,北與<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E8%81%AF%E9%82%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="俄羅斯聯邦">俄羅斯</a>、西與<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鮮民主主義人民共和國">朝鮮民主主義人民共和國</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%9F%93%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="大韓民國">大韓民國</a>、西南與<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%86" title="中国大陆">中国大陆</a>东部及<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3" title="臺灣">臺灣</a>隔海相望、南與<a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%B2%E5%BE%8B%E8%B3%93" class="mw-redirect" title="菲律賓">菲律賓</a>隔海相望。國土由自然數約14,125個島嶼所組成<sup id="cite_ref-nijinet_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nijinet-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,面積約37.8万平方公里<sup id="cite_ref-jnto_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jnto-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,75%屬山地丘陵地帶<sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,森林覆蓋率高,不適合農耕,耕地面積僅佔日本國土的11.1%<sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,也因此日本的人口多集中在沿海地區,日本的人口密度在世界排名第37位<sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。日本國土狹長,南北總長3,800公里,與<a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E6%B4%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="澳洲">澳洲</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E9%81%94%E5%8A%A0%E6%96%AF%E5%8A%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="馬達加斯加">馬達加斯加</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="美國">美國</a>相近。 </p><p>根據地理與人文、經濟特徵,日本通常被分為<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%8D%80%E5%8A%83" class="mw-redirect" title="日本地理區劃">八大區域</a>,包括<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="北海道地方">北海道地方</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E5%8C%97%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="東北地方">東北地方</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%97%9C%E6%9D%B1%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9" title="關東地方">關東地方</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E9%83%A8%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9" title="中部地方">中部地方</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E7%95%BF%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9" title="近畿地方">近畿地方</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="中國地方">中國地方</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="四國地方">四國地方</a>以及<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%9D%E5%B7%9E_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" title="九州 (日本)">九州・沖繩地方</a><sup id="cite_ref-#1_139-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-#1-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>日本列島按照地質構造可分為<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="東日本">東日本</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="西日本">西日本</a>兩大區域,其界線為位於本州中部,<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%BD%9F%E7%B8%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="新潟縣">新潟縣</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%B3%B8%E9%AD%9A%E5%B7%9D%E5%B8%82" title="糸魚川市">糸魚川市</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9C%E5%B2%A1%E7%B8%A3" title="靜岡縣">靜岡縣</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9C%E5%B2%A1%E5%B8%82" title="靜岡市">靜岡市</a>之間的<a href="/wiki/%E7%B3%B8%E9%AD%9A%E5%B7%9D%E9%9D%9C%E5%B2%A1%E6%A7%8B%E9%80%A0%E7%B7%9A" title="糸魚川靜岡構造線">糸魚川靜岡構造線</a><sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。日本列島附近是<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E4%BA%9E%E6%9D%BF%E5%A1%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="歐亞板塊">歐亞板塊</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%B2%E5%BE%8B%E8%B3%93%E6%B5%B7%E6%9D%BF%E5%A1%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="菲律賓海板塊">菲律賓海板塊</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E6%B4%8B%E6%9D%BF%E5%A1%8A" title="太平洋板塊">太平洋板塊</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2%E6%9D%BF%E5%A1%8A" title="北美洲板塊">北美洲板塊</a>的交界地<sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,同時日本列島還處在<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%AF%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E6%B4%8B%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1%E5%B8%A6" title="环太平洋火山带">環太平洋造山帶、火山帶、地震帶</a>之上<sup id="cite_ref-ett_142-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ett-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,故日本為一個經常發生<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87" title="地震">地震</a>、但同時也擁有許多<a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1" title="火山">火山</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%AB%E6%B3%89" title="溫泉">溫泉</a>的國家。日本最高的山峰──海拔3,776米的<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%8C%E5%A3%AB%E5%B1%B1" title="富士山">富士山</a>,本身就是一座<a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%BB%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1" title="活火山">活火山</a>。據統計,世界全部芮氏規模6.0以上的地震中,超過20%都發生在日本<sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>;而日本發生的地震,釋放的地震能量就占全球地震釋放能量的10%<sup id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>日本面積狹小多山,因此河流普遍長度不長但落差較大<sup id="cite_ref-xiamen-dixing_145-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-xiamen-dixing-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。日本的河流在梅雨和台风季节容易形成洪水,日本政府因而修筑大量<a href="/wiki/%E5%A0%A4%E5%A3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="堤壩">堤壩</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E5%BA%93" class="mw-redirect" title="水库">水库</a>用于防洪<sup id="cite_ref-146" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,同時實行<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E5%8A%9B%E5%8F%91%E7%94%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="水力发电">水力发电</a><sup id="cite_ref-ccd_147-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ccd-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。日本最長的河川是發源于<a href="/wiki/%E9%95%B7%E9%87%8E%E7%B8%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="長野縣">長野縣</a>,並在<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%BD%9F%E7%B8%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="新潟縣">新潟縣</a>注入<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%B5%B7" title="日本海">日本海</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E6%BF%83%E5%B7%9D" title="信濃川">信濃川</a><sup id="cite_ref-148" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,總長367公里;第二長的<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E6%A0%B9%E5%B7%9D" title="利根川">利根川</a>也是日本流域面積最大的河川<sup id="cite_ref-149" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-149"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。日本最大的湖泊是位于<a href="/wiki/%E6%BB%8B%E8%B3%80%E7%B8%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="滋賀縣">滋賀縣</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E7%90%B5%E7%90%B6%E6%B9%96" title="琵琶湖">琵琶湖</a>,面積670.25平方公里<sup id="cite_ref-150" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="各地氣候"><span id=".E5.90.84.E5.9C.B0.E6.B0.A3.E5.80.99"></span>各地氣候</h3></div> <p>日本一年四季溫差很大。深受海洋影響,海洋性氣候明顯。日本國土以<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E7%86%B1%E5%B8%B6%E5%AD%A3%E9%A2%A8%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99" class="mw-redirect" title="亞熱帶季風氣候">亞熱帶季風氣候</a>為主<sup id="cite_ref-xiamen-dixing_145-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-xiamen-dixing-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-151" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>,但由於日本的島嶼自西南向東北延伸得很長,南北跨越緯度約20度,因此全國各地的氣候仍然有很大的不同,主要可分為六個氣候區<sup id="cite_ref-152" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-152"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93" title="北海道">北海道</a>氣候:北海道不受梅雨的影響,降雨量較日本其他地方為少。夏季短暫且涼爽,冬季漫長而寒冷。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%B5%B7%E5%81%B4%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99" title="日本海側氣候">日本海側氣候</a>:範圍包括本州島西部的海岸地區。冬季受<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E4%BC%AF%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E9%AB%98%E6%B0%A3%E5%A3%93" class="mw-redirect" title="西伯利亞高氣壓">西伯利亞高氣壓</a>所影響,吹西北風。同時由于暖流<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8D%E9%A6%AC%E6%B5%B7%E6%B5%81" class="mw-redirect" title="對馬海流">對馬海流</a>在冬季通過<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%B5%B7" title="日本海">日本海</a>而帶來大量水汽,因而常有豪雪。夏季降水較少,因位于夏季风的背风地带有時出现<a href="/wiki/%E7%84%9A%E9%A2%A8" title="焚風">焚風</a>而異常高溫。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E9%AB%98%E5%9C%B0%E5%BC%8F%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99" title="中央高地式氣候">中央高地式氣候</a>:典型的內陸性氣候,冬寒夏涼。冬季與夏季及晝夜之間溫差很大,降雨量少。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E6%B4%8B%E5%81%B4%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99" title="太平洋側氣候">太平洋側氣候</a>:包括了本州東海岸、南四國和九州大部分地區。夏季受東南季風影響,梅雨強颱風多,冬季的降雪較少。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%80%A8%E6%88%B6%E5%85%A7%E6%B5%B7%E5%BC%8F%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99" title="瀨戶內海式氣候">瀨戶內海式氣候</a>:包括了山陽地方、北四國、近畿與九州局部地區。天氣常是晴天,降雨量少,不時遭受熱浪侵襲<sup id="cite_ref-153" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%90%89%E7%90%83%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B" title="琉球群岛">南西諸島</a>式氣候:範圍為<a href="/wiki/%E7%90%89%E7%90%83%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="琉球群島">琉球群島</a>。這里屬亞熱帶氣候,夏季炎熱冬季溫暖,降雨量大,且常受颱風吹襲。</li></ul> <p>日本是世界上降水量較多的地區,主要包括日本海側地區的冬季降<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%AA" title="雪">雪</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%96%E7%B9%A9%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="沖繩群島">沖繩</a>5至7月連綿不斷的<a href="/wiki/%E9%A2%B1%E9%A2%A8" title="颱風">颱風</a>,以及夏季到秋季登陸或接近日本的<a href="/wiki/%E9%A2%B1%E9%A2%A8" title="颱風">颱風</a><sup id="cite_ref-154" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-154"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。日本有記載的最高溫度紀錄是<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%9D%E6%B0%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="攝氏">攝氏</a>41度,于2013年8月12日在高知縣<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E8%90%AC%E5%8D%81%E5%B8%82" title="四萬十市">四萬十市</a>測得;有記載的最低溫度紀錄是攝氏-41.2度,于2016年1月25日在北海道<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%B7%9D%E7%94%BA" title="上川町">上川町</a>測得。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="自然環境"><span id=".E8.87.AA.E7.84.B6.E7.92.B0.E5.A2.83"></span>自然環境</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mt_Fuji_from_Mt_Ninoto_02-edit1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Mt_Fuji_from_Mt_Ninoto_02-edit1.jpg/220px-Mt_Fuji_from_Mt_Ninoto_02-edit1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Mt_Fuji_from_Mt_Ninoto_02-edit1.jpg/330px-Mt_Fuji_from_Mt_Ninoto_02-edit1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Mt_Fuji_from_Mt_Ninoto_02-edit1.jpg/440px-Mt_Fuji_from_Mt_Ninoto_02-edit1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1362" /></a><figcaption>橫跨<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9C%E5%B2%A1%E7%B8%A3" title="靜岡縣">靜岡縣</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E6%A2%A8%E7%B8%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="山梨縣">山梨縣</a>界的<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%8C%E5%A3%AB%E5%B1%B1" title="富士山">富士山</a>,為日本第一高峰</figcaption></figure> <p>日本國土南北狹長,四季分明,也是一個多山國家。因為日本是<a href="/wiki/%E5%B3%B6%E5%B6%BC%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6" title="島嶼國家">島嶼國家</a>,四面環海,所以來自外部新生物<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A5%E4%BE%B5%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="入侵物種">入侵</a>的可能性也相對較低,<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%A2%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-disambig" title="離島">離島</a>地區更形成了獨自的生態系統,特別是<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E7%AC%A0%E5%8E%9F%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="小笠原群島">小笠原群島</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E7%90%89%E7%90%83%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="琉球群島">琉球群島</a>自古就形成了比日本本土更加孤立的生態系統,小笠原群島更有「東洋的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%89%E5%B8%95%E6%88%88%E6%96%AF%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="加拉帕戈斯群島">加拉帕戈斯</a>」之稱<sup id="cite_ref-155" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-155"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>伴隨明治時代以後外來物種的進入,生態系統發生變化,日本的<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%A4%9A%E6%A8%A3%E6%80%A7" title="生物多樣性">生物多樣性</a>也受到影響,本地物種如<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%B1%E9%B9%AE" title="朱鹮">朱鹮</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E7%8B%BC" title="日本狼">日本狼</a>都在20世紀滅絕<sup id="cite_ref-156" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,但日本各地仍保留著大量珍貴的生態系統,如<a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%A5%E5%BA%8A%E5%9C%8B%E7%AB%8B%E5%85%AC%E5%9C%92" title="知床國立公園">知床</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E7%A5%9E%E5%B1%B1%E5%9C%B0" title="白神山地">白神山地</a>、小笠原群島和<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%8B%E4%B9%85%E5%B3%B6" title="屋久島">屋久島</a>都是<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E5%9C%8B%E6%95%99%E7%A7%91%E6%96%87%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94" class="mw-redirect" title="聯合國教科文組織">聯合國教科文組織</a>認定的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E9%81%BA%E7%94%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="世界遺產">世界遺產</a><sup id="cite_ref-157" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-157"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>154<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。在環境保護方面,日本是世界上最早面臨<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%9B%9B%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC%E5%AE%B3%E7%97%85" class="mw-redirect" title="日本四大公害病">大規模公害</a>的國家,並在1960年代後期開始積極立法減排,至21世纪全国主要大气污染物全部达到环境标准<sup id="cite_ref-158" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-158"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。由于<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%88%98%E5%90%8E%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%A5%87%E8%BF%B9" title="日本战后经济奇迹">高度經濟成長期</a>以後日本飲食文化的變化及海外農產品的輸入,日本的農林水產業在20世紀開始出現農田與人工林的閒置<sup id="cite_ref-159" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-159"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,漁業資源減少等問題<sup id="cite_ref-160" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-160"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>157<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。自1970年代以來,相較于其他國家森林面積的持續萎縮,日本的<a href="/wiki/%E6%A3%AE%E6%9E%97" title="森林">森林</a>覆蓋率一直保持在三分之二上下<sup id="cite_ref-161" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-161"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>158<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。2012年,日本的森林面積達253,203<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E6%96%B9%E5%8D%83%E7%B1%B3" title="平方千米">平方千米</a><sup id="cite_ref-162" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-162"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>159<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%88%97%E5%B3%B6" title="日本列島">日本列島</a>位處數個<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%BF%E5%A1%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="板塊">板塊</a>的交界和<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%AF%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E6%B4%8B%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1%E5%B8%A6" title="环太平洋火山带">環太平洋火山帶</a>之上<sup id="cite_ref-ett_142-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ett-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,火山活動十分活躍,日本在歷史上曾多次發生<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87" title="地震">地震</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%98%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="海嘯">海嘯</a>等災難<sup id="cite_ref-163" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-163"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>160<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-164" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-164"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>161<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。20世紀以來,在日本造成重大損失的大地震有1923年導致超過10萬人死亡的<a href="/wiki/%E9%97%9C%E6%9D%B1%E5%A4%A7%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87" title="關東大地震">關東大地震</a><sup id="cite_ref-165" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-165"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>162<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>、1995年的<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%AA%E7%A5%9E%E5%A4%A7%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87" title="阪神大地震">阪神淡路大地震</a>和2011年引發海嘯和<a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%8F%E5%B3%B6%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%A0%B8%E9%9B%BB%E5%BB%A0%E4%BA%8B%E6%95%85" class="mw-redirect" title="福島第一核電廠事故">福島核事故</a>的<a href="/wiki/2011%E5%B9%B4%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E4%B8%9C%E5%8C%97%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E6%B4%8B%E8%BF%91%E6%B5%B7%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87" class="mw-redirect" title="2011年日本东北地方太平洋近海地震">東北地方太平洋地震</a>。在沿海地區,地震之後引發的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%95%B8" title="海啸">海嘯</a>常帶來遠超過地震的影響,英語中的海嘯一詞就是來自于日語中的「津波」(<span title="漢字或假名表記(原文)"><span lang="ja">津波</span></span><small>/</small><span title="平假名表記"><span lang="ja">つなみ</span></span><sup> <i><span title="羅馬字表記" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none" lang="ja-Latn">Tsunami</span></i></sup>)<sup id="cite_ref-166" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-166"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>163<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。除了地震和海嘯之外,火山亦經常在日本引發災害。近年日本較為活躍的火山有<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E7%8F%A0%E5%B1%B1" title="有珠山">有珠山</a><sup id="cite_ref-167" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-167"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>164<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%BA%E9%96%93%E5%B1%B1" title="淺間山">淺間山</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%AE%85%E5%B3%B6" title="三宅島">三宅島</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E8%98%87%E5%B1%B1" title="阿蘇山">阿蘇山</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%AB%BB%E5%B3%B6%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="櫻島火山">櫻島</a>等。日本其他的主要自然災害還有<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E9%AB%94%E6%BB%91%E5%9D%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="山體滑坡">山體滑坡</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A5%E7%9F%B3%E6%B5%81" title="泥石流">泥石流</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%AA%E7%81%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="洪灾">洪灾</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A2%B1%E9%A2%A8" title="颱風">風災</a>和雪災等。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="主要城市"><span id=".E4.B8.BB.E8.A6.81.E5.9F.8E.E5.B8.82"></span>主要城市</h3></div> <p>日本沒有<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E9%A6%96%E9%83%BD" title="日本首都">法定首都</a>,國家的行政中心位於<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%AC%E9%83%BD" title="東京都">東京都</a><sup id="cite_ref-168" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-168"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>165<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。截至2012年,<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%AC%E9%83%BD%E5%8D%80%E9%83%A8" title="東京都區部">東京都區部</a>(又稱為「東京23區」,即口語所稱的東京市區)人口中有900萬,全東京都的人口有1,323萬。以東京都為中心,包括<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E5%A5%88%E5%B7%9D%E7%B8%A3" title="神奈川縣">神奈川縣</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BC%E7%8E%89%E7%B8%A3" title="埼玉縣">埼玉縣</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%83%E8%91%89%E7%B8%A3" title="千葉縣">千葉縣</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%96%E9%83%BD%E5%9C%88_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" title="首都圈 (日本)">首都圏</a>人口為3,670萬,是世界上最大的城市與最大的<a href="/wiki/%E9%83%BD%E5%B8%82%E5%9C%88" title="都市圈">都市圈</a><sup id="cite_ref-RLF_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RLF-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。日本的<a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%87%E5%B1%85" title="皇居">皇居</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0%E4%BA%8B%E5%A0%82_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" title="國會議事堂 (日本)">國会議事堂</a>、内閣、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%80%E9%AB%98%E8%A3%81%E5%88%A4%E6%89%80" title="最高裁判所">最高裁判所</a>、各省廳、各国<a href="/wiki/%E9%A7%90%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4%E6%A9%9F%E6%A7%8B%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="駐日本外交機構列表">駐日大使館</a>、大企業的本部、<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E9%8A%80%E8%A1%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="日本銀行">日本銀行</a>、証券公司、<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BE%E8%B2%A8%E5%95%86%E5%BA%97" class="mw-redirect" title="百貨商店">百貨商店</a>、報社及<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%A6%96%E5%8F%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="電視台">電視台</a>大都集中在東京。目前在東京都區部內和東京周邊衛星郊縣已經形成了眾多副都心,亦擁有全世界規模最大、密度最高的郊區購物<a href="/wiki/%E5%95%86%E5%9C%88" title="商圈">商圈</a>及高效完善的城市軌道系統<sup id="cite_ref-169" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-169"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>166<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。東京也是世界上擁有最多<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%A2%E5%AF%8C500%E5%BC%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="财富500强">財富500強</a>公司總部的城市<sup id="cite_ref-170" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-170"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>167<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。如果將東京都區部視為一個<a href="/wiki/%E9%83%BD%E5%B8%82" class="mw-redirect" title="都市">都市</a>的話,日本共有12個人口超過1百萬的城市,其中除了<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%9D%E5%B4%8E%E5%B8%82" title="川崎市">川崎市</a>之外,其他都是都道府縣廳的<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E9%83%BD%E9%81%93%E5%BA%9C%E7%B8%A3%E5%BB%B3%E6%89%80%E5%9C%A8%E5%9C%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="日本都道府縣廳所在地">所在地</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="政治"><span id=".E6.94.BF.E6.B2.BB"></span>政治</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="政府"><span id=".E6.94.BF.E5.BA.9C"></span>政府</h3></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" title="日本政治">日本政治</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E6%A9%9F%E9%97%9C" title="日本行政機關">日本行政機關</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="日本国政府">日本国政府</a></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">参见:<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87" title="天皇">天皇</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A7%E9%96%A3%E7%B8%BD%E7%90%86%E5%A4%A7%E8%87%A3" title="內閣總理大臣">內閣總理大臣</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Diet_of_Japan_Kokkai_2009.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Diet_of_Japan_Kokkai_2009.jpg/220px-Diet_of_Japan_Kokkai_2009.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Diet_of_Japan_Kokkai_2009.jpg/330px-Diet_of_Japan_Kokkai_2009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Diet_of_Japan_Kokkai_2009.jpg/440px-Diet_of_Japan_Kokkai_2009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2561" data-file-height="1726" /></a><figcaption>位于<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E4%BA%AC%E9%83%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="东京都">东京</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B8%E7%94%B0%E7%94%BA" title="永田町">永田町</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0%E4%BA%8B%E5%A0%82_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" title="國會議事堂 (日本)">國會議事堂</a></figcaption></figure> <p>日本為<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB%E7%AB%8B%E6%86%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="君主立憲">君主立憲</a>國家,<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%AA%E6%B3%95" title="日本国宪法">日本国宪法</a>訂明“<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E6%AC%8A%E5%9C%A8%E6%B0%91" class="mw-redirect" title="主權在民">主權在民</a>”,而<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87" title="天皇">天皇</a>則為“日本國及人民團結的象徵”<sup id="cite_ref-171" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-171"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>168<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。與世界上多數<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB%E7%AB%8B%E6%86%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="君主立憲">君主立憲</a>國家相同,<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87" title="天皇">天皇</a>在日本只有<a href="/wiki/%E8%99%9B%E4%BD%8D%E5%85%83%E9%A6%96" class="mw-redirect" title="虛位元首">虚位元首</a>名義,並無政治實權,只能進行禮儀性的事務,例如,簽署法律和行政命令、任命<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A7%E9%96%A3%E7%B8%BD%E7%90%86%E5%A4%A7%E8%87%A3" title="內閣總理大臣">內閣總理大臣</a><sup id="cite_ref-cityu_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cityu-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>、接受其他國家外交使節的國書<sup id="cite_ref-172" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-172"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>169<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>等。现任天皇为<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E4%BB%81" title="德仁">德仁</a>,他在其父<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E4%BB%81" title="明仁">明仁</a>退位后,于2019年5月1日即位。 </p><p>日本政府的行政機關是指《國家行政組織法》以及《內閣府設置法》中規定的<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A7%E9%96%A3%E5%BA%9C" title="內閣府">內閣府</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%81" title="省">省</a>及其<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E5%B1%80" title="外局">外局</a>,並以<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A7%E9%96%A3%E7%B8%BD%E7%90%86%E5%A4%A7%E8%87%A3" title="內閣總理大臣">內閣總理大臣</a>(首相)為首組成數個「<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E6%A9%9F%E9%97%9C" title="日本行政機關">中央省廳</a>」。2001年實施的「<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E7%9C%81%E5%BB%B3%E5%86%8D%E7%B7%A8" title="中央省廳再編">中央省廳再編</a>」改革措施以大部門體制為重點,按照職能優化的原則將原本的1府22省廳精簡成1府11省廳,此使日本的一級行政機關數量位居發達國家中最少<sup id="cite_ref-173" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-173"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>170<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。現行日本的一級行政機關,有內閣府、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B8%BD%E5%8B%99%E7%9C%81" title="總務省">總務省</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%8B%99%E7%9C%81" title="法務省">法務省</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E5%8B%99%E7%9C%81_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" title="外務省 (日本)">外務省</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%A1%E5%8B%99%E7%9C%81" title="財務省">財務省</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E9%83%A8%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8%E7%9C%81" title="文部科學省">文部科學省</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9A%E7%94%9F%E5%8B%9E%E5%8B%95%E7%9C%81" title="厚生勞動省">厚生勞動省</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%B2%E6%9E%97%E6%B0%B4%E7%94%A2%E7%9C%81" title="農林水產省">農林水產省</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E7%94%A2%E6%A5%AD%E7%9C%81" title="經濟產業省">經濟產業省</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%9F%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A%E7%9C%81" title="國土交通省">國土交通省</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%92%B0%E5%A2%83%E7%9C%81" class="mw-redirect" title="環境省">環境省</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%B2%E8%A1%9B%E7%9C%81" title="防衛省">防衛省</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%AD%A6%E5%AF%9F%E5%BB%B3_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" title="警察廳 (日本)">警察廳</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B8%E4%BD%8D%E5%BB%B3" title="數位廳">數位廳</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%A9%E8%88%88%E5%BB%B3" title="復興廳">復興廳</a>等1府13省廳。 </p><p>日本古代的法律體制深受中國的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B3%95%E7%B3%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="中華法系">中華法系</a>影響,<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%B7%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3" title="江户时代">江戶時代</a>制定的國家最高法律《<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E4%BA%8B%E6%96%B9%E5%BE%A1%E5%AE%9A%E6%9B%B8" title="公事方御定書">公事方御定書</a>》就是建基於其基礎之上<sup id="cite_ref-174" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-174"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>171<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 自18世紀末期,日本大部份的法律則是在歐洲法系的基礎上編寫,例如<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%98%8E%E6%B2%BB%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="明治政府(页面不存在)">明治政府</a>在1896年通過的民事法則參考了<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E6%84%8F%E5%BF%97%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="德意志帝國">德國</a>的《<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%91%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B8" title="德国民法典">德国民法典</a>》,此法律至今依然是日本民事法律的骨幹<sup id="cite_ref-175" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-175"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>172<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。日本最高的法院是<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%80%E9%AB%98%E8%A3%81%E5%88%A4%E6%89%80" title="最高裁判所">最高裁判所</a>,下分三個不同等級的法院<sup id="cite_ref-176" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-176"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>173<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。日本的主要法律被統稱為《<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AD%E6%B3%95%E5%85%A8%E6%9B%B8" title="六法全書">六法</a>》<sup id="cite_ref-177" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-177"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>174<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>日本現行<a href="/wiki/%E6%86%B2%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="憲法">憲法</a>《<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%8B%E6%86%B2%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="日本國憲法">日本國憲法</a>》是於1947年5月3日由當時佔領日本的<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E8%BB%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="美軍">美軍</a>草拟,經過日本國會的審議後再由<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87" title="天皇">天皇</a>颁行。日本國憲法最重要的三大原則是主權在民、基本人權的尊重以及和平主義,日本政治以這三大原則及其中最基本的、對個人尊嚴的尊重運行<sup id="cite_ref-世界大百科事典日本国憲法_178-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-世界大百科事典日本国憲法-178"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>175<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。日本實行<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%AC%8A%E5%88%86%E7%AB%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="三權分立">三權分立</a>的政治體制,<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E6%B3%95%E6%9D%83" class="mw-redirect" title="立法权">立法權</a>歸兩院制<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="日本國會">國會</a>,<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B8%E6%B3%95%E6%9D%83" class="mw-redirect" title="司法权">司法權</a>歸裁判所(即<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2" title="法院">法院</a>),<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E6%AC%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="行政權">行政權</a>則由<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%85%A7%E9%96%A3" title="日本內閣">內閣</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8D%80%E5%8A%83" title="日本行政區劃">地方自治體</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E7%9C%81%E5%BB%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="中央省廳">中央省廳</a>分別處理<sup id="cite_ref-179" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-179"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>176<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。憲法規定國家最高權力機構為國會。日本實行兩院制,<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E7%9C%BE%E8%AD%B0%E9%99%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="日本眾議院">眾議院</a>有480席,<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%8F%83%E8%AD%B0%E9%99%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="日本參議院">參議院</a>有242席,由18歲或以上的國民投票選出<sup id="cite_ref-180" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>177<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。眾議院議員任期為四年,但由於眾議院可以在任期結束之前中途解散,所以實質上眾議院議員任期平均只有兩年多<sup id="cite_ref-181" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-181"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>178<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。參議院議員任期為6年,每3年改選一半,不能中途解散<sup id="cite_ref-182" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-182"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>179<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>1955年起,<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E9%BB%A8_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" class="mw-redirect" title="自由民主黨 (日本)">自由民主黨</a>(自民黨)一直長期執政,只在1993年至1994年及2009年至2012年成為<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A8%E9%87%8E%E9%BB%A8" title="在野黨">在野黨</a>。其中1994年至1996年自民黨是作為聯合政權其中一黨,擁立<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E9%BB%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="日本社會黨">日本社會黨</a>委員長<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%91%E5%B1%B1%E5%AF%8C%E5%B8%82" title="村山富市">村山富市</a>擔任首相,1996年初開始才重新掌握組閣權。2009年,時任首相<a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%BB%E7%94%9F%E5%A4%AA%E9%83%8E" title="麻生太郎">麻生太郎</a>宣布提前舉行眾議院選舉,結果自民黨大敗,<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E5%85%9A_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC1998%E5%B9%B4)" title="民主党 (日本1998年)">民主黨</a>大勝。然而,由於民主黨在執政後遲遲未能兌現競選承諾<sup id="cite_ref-183" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>180<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,因此在執政僅僅三年多後的<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC46%E5%B1%86%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E7%9C%BE%E8%AD%B0%E9%99%A2%E8%AD%B0%E5%93%A1%E7%B8%BD%E9%81%B8%E8%88%89" title="第46屆日本眾議院議員總選舉">大選</a>即慘敗下台,自民黨再次成為執政黨<sup id="cite_ref-e2_115-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-e2-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,黨總裁<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%80%8D%E6%99%89%E4%B8%89" class="mw-redirect" title="安倍晉三">安倍晉三</a>取代落敗的民主黨代表<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8E%E7%94%B0%E4%BD%B3%E5%BD%A5" title="野田佳彥">野田佳彥</a>成為首相,执政至2020年9月16日,由自民党第26任总裁菅義偉接任<sup id="cite_ref-184" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-184"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>181<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。雖然所有內閣總理大臣均需由天皇任命,但是憲法已經規定無論任何人在選舉中勝出,天皇都必須予以任命<sup id="cite_ref-Constitution_185-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Constitution-185"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>182<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。目前自民黨與<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E6%98%8E%E9%BB%A8" title="公明黨">公明黨</a>組成<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E5%85%AC%E9%80%A3%E7%AB%8B%E6%94%BF%E6%AC%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="自公連立政權">執政聯盟</a><sup id="cite_ref-186" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-186"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>183<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,主要在野黨包括<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E6%86%B2%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E9%BB%A8_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC2020%E5%B9%B4)" title="立憲民主黨 (日本2020年)">立憲民主黨</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%91%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E5%85%9A_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC2020%E5%B9%B4)" class="mw-redirect" title="国民民主党 (日本2020年)">國民民主黨</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%85%B1%E7%94%A2%E9%BB%A8" title="日本共產黨">日本共產黨</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E7%B6%AD%E6%96%B0%E6%9C%83" title="日本維新會">日本維新會</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A4%E5%92%8C%E6%96%B0%E9%81%B8%E7%B5%84" title="令和新選組">令和新選組</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E5%85%9A_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" title="社会民主党 (日本)">社民黨</a>等。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="外交"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E4.BA.A4"></span>外交</h3></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4" title="日本外交">日本外交</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:P1100812_R_%E5%9B%BD%E9%9A%9B%E5%B9%B3%E5%92%8C%E5%8D%94%E5%8A%9B%E6%B4%BB%E5%8B%95%E7%AD%89%EF%BC%88%E5%8F%8A%E3%81%B3%E9%98%B2%E8%A1%9B%E5%8D%94%E5%8A%9B%E7%AD%89%EF%BC%89_25.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/P1100812_R_%E5%9B%BD%E9%9A%9B%E5%B9%B3%E5%92%8C%E5%8D%94%E5%8A%9B%E6%B4%BB%E5%8B%95%E7%AD%89%EF%BC%88%E5%8F%8A%E3%81%B3%E9%98%B2%E8%A1%9B%E5%8D%94%E5%8A%9B%E7%AD%89%EF%BC%89_25.jpg/220px-P1100812_R_%E5%9B%BD%E9%9A%9B%E5%B9%B3%E5%92%8C%E5%8D%94%E5%8A%9B%E6%B4%BB%E5%8B%95%E7%AD%89%EF%BC%88%E5%8F%8A%E3%81%B3%E9%98%B2%E8%A1%9B%E5%8D%94%E5%8A%9B%E7%AD%89%EF%BC%89_25.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/P1100812_R_%E5%9B%BD%E9%9A%9B%E5%B9%B3%E5%92%8C%E5%8D%94%E5%8A%9B%E6%B4%BB%E5%8B%95%E7%AD%89%EF%BC%88%E5%8F%8A%E3%81%B3%E9%98%B2%E8%A1%9B%E5%8D%94%E5%8A%9B%E7%AD%89%EF%BC%89_25.jpg/330px-P1100812_R_%E5%9B%BD%E9%9A%9B%E5%B9%B3%E5%92%8C%E5%8D%94%E5%8A%9B%E6%B4%BB%E5%8B%95%E7%AD%89%EF%BC%88%E5%8F%8A%E3%81%B3%E9%98%B2%E8%A1%9B%E5%8D%94%E5%8A%9B%E7%AD%89%EF%BC%89_25.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/P1100812_R_%E5%9B%BD%E9%9A%9B%E5%B9%B3%E5%92%8C%E5%8D%94%E5%8A%9B%E6%B4%BB%E5%8B%95%E7%AD%89%EF%BC%88%E5%8F%8A%E3%81%B3%E9%98%B2%E8%A1%9B%E5%8D%94%E5%8A%9B%E7%AD%89%EF%BC%89_25.jpg/440px-P1100812_R_%E5%9B%BD%E9%9A%9B%E5%B9%B3%E5%92%8C%E5%8D%94%E5%8A%9B%E6%B4%BB%E5%8B%95%E7%AD%89%EF%BC%88%E5%8F%8A%E3%81%B3%E9%98%B2%E8%A1%9B%E5%8D%94%E5%8A%9B%E7%AD%89%EF%BC%89_25.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>在<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%8B%89%E5%85%8B%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="伊拉克戰爭">伊拉克戰爭</a>期間派遣至中東地區的日本自衛隊</figcaption></figure> <p>日本目前与除<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鮮民主主義人民共和國">朝鮮民主主義人民共和國</a>之外的<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD%E4%BC%9A%E5%91%98%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="联合国会员国">联合国会员国</a>以及<a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%B5%E8%92%82%E5%86%88" title="梵蒂冈">梵蒂冈</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E7%B4%A2%E6%B2%83" title="科索沃">科索沃</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%93%E5%85%8B%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B" title="库克群岛">库克群岛</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%BD%E5%9F%83" class="mw-redirect" title="纽埃">纽埃</a>保持外交关系。日本現代在國際上最親密的盟友為<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="美國">美國</a><sup id="cite_ref-187" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-187"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>184<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,雙方在1960年簽署《<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E6%97%A5%E5%AE%89%E4%BF%9D%E6%A2%9D%E7%B4%84" title="美日安保條約">美日安保條約</a>》並生效至今。由於日本扼東北亞通往<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E6%B4%8B" title="太平洋">太平洋</a>的門戶,在<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B7%E6%88%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="冷戰">冷戰</a>時期是美國抵禦<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E7%94%A2%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="共產主義">共產主義</a>於亞洲擴張的前線,即「<a href="/wiki/%E5%B2%9B%E9%93%BE" title="岛链">島鏈</a>」<sup id="cite_ref-188" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-188"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>185<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。日本亦同時是美國在亞洲的重要軍事據點,<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E8%BB%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="美軍">美軍</a>在日本設有多處<a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%8B%E5%9F%BA%E5%9C%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="軍事基地">軍事基地</a>,日本在美國的東亞外交策略中也有一定影響力<sup id="cite_ref-189" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-189"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>186<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。作為世界第三大經濟體系,日本努力在世界舞台上爭取與之相等的角色。在除<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%89%E7%90%86%E4%BC%9A%E5%B8%B8%E4%BB%BB%E7%90%86%E4%BA%8B%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="联合国安理会常任理事国">联合国安理会常任理事国</a>之外其余的世界各国之中,日本拥有最多的驻外机构。 自1956年來,日本累計擔任了16年的安理會非常任理事國。日本亦曾聯同<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="德國">德國</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF" title="巴西">巴西</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6" title="印度">印度</a>組成<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E5%9C%8B%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F" title="四國聯盟">四國聯盟</a>向<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="聯合國">聯合國</a>提交改革<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E7%90%86%E4%BA%8B%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="聯合國安全理事會">安全理事會</a>建議,其中包括允許四國加入成為<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E7%90%86%E4%BA%8B%E6%9C%83%E5%B8%B8%E4%BB%BB%E7%90%86%E4%BA%8B%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="聯合國安全理事會常任理事國">安理會常任理事國</a>,但由於受到中國和韓國的反對而未能成功<sup id="cite_ref-190" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-190"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>187<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>日本是<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%83%E5%A4%A7%E5%B7%A5%E6%A5%AD%E5%9C%8B%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94" title="七大工業國組織">七大工業國組織</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AB%E5%A4%A7%E5%B7%A5%E6%A5%AD%E5%9C%8B%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94" title="八大工業國組織">八大工業國組織</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%81%E5%9C%8B%E9%9B%86%E5%9C%98" title="二十國集團">二十國集團</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E5%90%88%E4%BD%9C%E8%88%87%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94" class="mw-redirect" title="經濟合作與發展組織">經濟合作與發展組織</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E8%B2%BF%E6%98%93%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94" class="mw-redirect" title="世界貿易組織">世界貿易組織</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E6%B4%B2%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E6%B4%8B%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%90%88%E4%BD%9C%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" class="mw-redirect" title="亚洲太平洋经济合作组织">APEC</a>成員,同時也是<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="東南亞國家聯盟">東盟</a>中<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E5%8D%94%E5%8D%81%E5%8A%A0%E4%B8%89" title="東協十加三">東協十加三</a>論壇的參與國成員<sup id="cite_ref-191" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-191"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>188<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-192" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-192"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>189<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-193" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-193"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>190<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。日本的<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%8D%95%E9%AF%A8%E6%A5%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="日本捕鯨業">捕鯨活動</a>偶爾令日本成為國際組織的批評對象<sup id="cite_ref-194" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-194"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>191<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,但日本與除朝鲜以外世界各國的關係基本上和諧。日本分別在2007年和2008年與<a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E6%B4%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="澳洲">澳洲</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6" title="印度">印度</a>簽訂安保條約<sup id="cite_ref-195" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-195"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>192<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-196" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-196"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>193<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。根據美國<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E9%87%8C%E5%85%B0%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="马里兰大学">馬里蘭大學</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B%E5%BB%A3%E6%92%AD%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="英國廣播公司">英國廣播公司</a>對全世界四萬人進行的民意調查,日本是給世界人民最佳印象的國家之一<sup id="cite_ref-197" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-197"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>194<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>與此相對,由於日本和<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="中华人民共和国">中国</a>以及<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="朝鲜民主主义人民共和国">朝鲜</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%9F%93%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="大韓民國">韓國</a>對歷史和領土等認知的分歧,故至今跟三國的關係仍較其他國家相對緊張。<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%96%E7%88%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="首爾">首爾</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E9%A7%90%E9%9F%93%E5%A4%A7%E4%BD%BF%E9%A4%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="日本駐韓大使館">日本駐韓大使館</a>經常有示威者要求日本政府對韓國<a href="/wiki/%E6%85%B0%E5%AE%89%E5%A9%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="慰安婦">慰安婦</a>問題作出賠償和道歉,中國民間也經常發生<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E6%97%A5" title="反日">反日</a>示威和<a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%B5%E5%88%B6%E6%97%A5%E8%B4%A7" title="抵制日货">抵制日貨運動</a><sup id="cite_ref-198" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-198"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>195<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。而朝鲜与日本至今仍无外交关系,两国之间也有<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E7%BB%91%E6%9E%B6%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E4%BA%BA%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98" title="朝鲜绑架日本人问题">绑架问题</a>等争端,日本并不承认朝鲜民主主义人民共和国政府的合法性。日本目前與中俄韓三國存在領土糾紛的問題,包括與<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="中華人民共和國">中華人民共和國</a>有爭議的<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%B5%B7%E6%B2%B9%E6%B0%A3%E7%94%B0%E5%95%8F%E9%A1%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="東海油氣田問題">東海油氣田</a>;與<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E6%B5%B7%E5%85%A9%E5%B2%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="台海兩岸">台海兩岸</a>政府之間所存在的<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%A3%E9%AD%9A%E5%8F%B0%E5%88%97%E5%B6%BC%E4%B8%BB%E6%AC%8A%E5%95%8F%E9%A1%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="釣魚台列嶼主權問題">尖閣諸島/釣魚台列嶼主權問題</a>;與韓國的<a href="/wiki/%E7%8D%A8%E5%B3%B6" title="獨島">竹島(獨島)</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%8D%A8%E5%B3%B6%E4%B8%BB%E6%AC%8A%E7%88%AD%E8%AD%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="獨島主權爭議">主權爭端</a>和與<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="俄羅斯">俄羅斯</a>之間的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%8D%83%E5%B3%B6%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="南千島群島">北方四島(南千島群島)</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E5%9B%9B%E5%B3%B6%E7%88%AD%E8%AD%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="北方四島爭議">主權問題</a>,但是<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E4%BF%84%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="日俄关系">日本和俄羅斯的關係</a>在近年已大幅改善,兩國在<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E7%84%B6%E6%B0%94" title="天然气">天然气</a>以及其他自然资源方面的合作亦越趨緊密<sup id="cite_ref-199" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-199"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>196<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>日本對<a href="/wiki/%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BC%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="開發中國家">開發中國家</a>提供的<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91%E6%8F%B4%E5%8A%A9_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" title="政府开发援助 (日本)">政府開發援助</a>額為世界第二,大部分用於免於<a href="/wiki/%E5%82%B5%E5%8B%99" class="mw-redirect" title="債務">債務</a>和基础设施建设。截至2004年,日本政府的援助達2,000億<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%85%83" title="美元">美元</a>,而最大的受益者包括<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="中國大陸">中國大陸</a>(14.4億美元)、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%B0%BC%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="印度尼西亞">印度尼西亞</a>(8.6億美元)和<a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%B2%E5%BE%8B%E8%B3%93" class="mw-redirect" title="菲律賓">菲律賓</a>(8億美元)<sup id="cite_ref-200" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-200"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>197<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="军事"><span id=".E5.86.9B.E4.BA.8B"></span>军事</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E6%95%B5%E6%96%B9%E3%82%92%E8%AD%A6%E6%88%92%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B%E7%AC%AC%EF%BC%94%E6%88%A6%E8%BB%8A%E4%B8%AD%E9%9A%8A%EF%BC%99%EF%BC%90%E5%BC%8F%E6%88%A6%E8%BB%8A%EF%BC%88%E6%92%AE%E5%BD%B1%E8%80%85_%E4%B8%8D%E6%98%8E%EF%BC%89_%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E8%A8%93%E7%B7%B4%E7%AD%89_192.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/%E6%95%B5%E6%96%B9%E3%82%92%E8%AD%A6%E6%88%92%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B%E7%AC%AC%EF%BC%94%E6%88%A6%E8%BB%8A%E4%B8%AD%E9%9A%8A%EF%BC%99%EF%BC%90%E5%BC%8F%E6%88%A6%E8%BB%8A%EF%BC%88%E6%92%AE%E5%BD%B1%E8%80%85_%E4%B8%8D%E6%98%8E%EF%BC%89_%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E8%A8%93%E7%B7%B4%E7%AD%89_192.jpg/220px-%E6%95%B5%E6%96%B9%E3%82%92%E8%AD%A6%E6%88%92%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B%E7%AC%AC%EF%BC%94%E6%88%A6%E8%BB%8A%E4%B8%AD%E9%9A%8A%EF%BC%99%EF%BC%90%E5%BC%8F%E6%88%A6%E8%BB%8A%EF%BC%88%E6%92%AE%E5%BD%B1%E8%80%85_%E4%B8%8D%E6%98%8E%EF%BC%89_%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E8%A8%93%E7%B7%B4%E7%AD%89_192.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/%E6%95%B5%E6%96%B9%E3%82%92%E8%AD%A6%E6%88%92%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B%E7%AC%AC%EF%BC%94%E6%88%A6%E8%BB%8A%E4%B8%AD%E9%9A%8A%EF%BC%99%EF%BC%90%E5%BC%8F%E6%88%A6%E8%BB%8A%EF%BC%88%E6%92%AE%E5%BD%B1%E8%80%85_%E4%B8%8D%E6%98%8E%EF%BC%89_%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E8%A8%93%E7%B7%B4%E7%AD%89_192.jpg/330px-%E6%95%B5%E6%96%B9%E3%82%92%E8%AD%A6%E6%88%92%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B%E7%AC%AC%EF%BC%94%E6%88%A6%E8%BB%8A%E4%B8%AD%E9%9A%8A%EF%BC%99%EF%BC%90%E5%BC%8F%E6%88%A6%E8%BB%8A%EF%BC%88%E6%92%AE%E5%BD%B1%E8%80%85_%E4%B8%8D%E6%98%8E%EF%BC%89_%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E8%A8%93%E7%B7%B4%E7%AD%89_192.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/%E6%95%B5%E6%96%B9%E3%82%92%E8%AD%A6%E6%88%92%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B%E7%AC%AC%EF%BC%94%E6%88%A6%E8%BB%8A%E4%B8%AD%E9%9A%8A%EF%BC%99%EF%BC%90%E5%BC%8F%E6%88%A6%E8%BB%8A%EF%BC%88%E6%92%AE%E5%BD%B1%E8%80%85_%E4%B8%8D%E6%98%8E%EF%BC%89_%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E8%A8%93%E7%B7%B4%E7%AD%89_192.jpg/440px-%E6%95%B5%E6%96%B9%E3%82%92%E8%AD%A6%E6%88%92%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B%E7%AC%AC%EF%BC%94%E6%88%A6%E8%BB%8A%E4%B8%AD%E9%9A%8A%EF%BC%99%EF%BC%90%E5%BC%8F%E6%88%A6%E8%BB%8A%EF%BC%88%E6%92%AE%E5%BD%B1%E8%80%85_%E4%B8%8D%E6%98%8E%EF%BC%89_%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E8%A8%93%E7%B7%B4%E7%AD%89_192.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1365" /></a><figcaption>陸上自衛隊演習</figcaption></figure> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="日本軍事">日本軍事</a></div> <p>日本當今的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%98%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="國防">国家防衛</a>組織為<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E5%8D%AB%E9%98%9F" title="自卫队">自卫队</a>,成立於1954年7月1日,目的是維持日本的自我防衛能力。1945年,日本在駐日盟軍總司令<a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%A6%E5%85%8B%E9%98%BF%E7%91%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="麦克阿瑟">麦克阿瑟</a>的主导下制定<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%8B%E6%86%B2%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="日本國憲法">日本國憲法</a>,當中的<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%86%B2%E6%B3%95%E7%AC%AC%E4%B9%9D%E6%A2%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="日本憲法第九條">第九條</a>规定日本永遠放棄以國權發動的<a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%8B" title="軍事">戰爭</a>、武力威脅或武力行使來作為解決國際爭端的手段,被視為世界上最能落實和平主義的憲法<sup id="cite_ref-sdf_201-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sdf-201"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>198<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。因此,<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E8%A1%9B%E9%9A%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="自衛隊">自衛隊</a>在名義上不是<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A6%E8%A3%9D%E5%8A%9B%E9%87%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="武裝力量">軍事組織</a>,但在<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%A6%E9%9A%9B%E4%B8%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="實際上">實際上</a>的功能等同其他<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="國家">國家</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%8D%E9%9A%8A" title="軍隊">軍隊</a><sup id="cite_ref-202" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-202"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>199<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-203" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-203"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>200<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>自衛隊分為<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B8%E4%B8%8A%E8%87%AA%E8%A1%9B%E9%9A%8A" title="陸上自衛隊">陸上自衛隊</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E4%B8%8A%E8%87%AA%E8%A1%9B%E9%9A%8A" title="海上自衛隊">海上自衛隊</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E8%87%AA%E8%A1%9B%E9%9A%8A" title="航空自衛隊">航空自衛隊</a>等三大分支,由<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%B2%E8%A1%9B%E7%9C%81" title="防衛省">防衛省</a>統籌管轄。在<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%93%E6%88%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="韓戰">韓戰</a>爆發後,日本政府在1950年成立警察預備隊本部,並在其後更名為防衛廳。防衛廳是根據日本《內閣府設置法》第49條第3項以及《防衛廳設置法》第2條的內容而設置的機關,屬<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A7%E9%96%A3%E7%B8%BD%E7%90%86%E5%A4%A7%E8%87%A3" title="內閣總理大臣">內閣總理大臣</a>管轄範圍之下設置的<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A7%E9%96%A3%E5%BA%9C" title="內閣府">內閣府</a>之<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E5%B1%80" title="外局">外局</a><sup id="cite_ref-crntt_204-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-crntt-204"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>201<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。隨著《防衛廳設置法》的修改,<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%B2%E8%A1%9B%E5%BB%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="防衛廳">防衛廳</a>在2007年升格為<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%B2%E8%A1%9B%E7%9C%81" title="防衛省">防衛省</a>,從內閣府獨立成為日本中央一級單位,升格爲與11個平級的單位,防衛廳長官晋升後的防衛大臣在制定政策和申請預算等方面享有更大的權限和獨立性<sup id="cite_ref-crntt_204-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-crntt-204"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>201<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,但總理大臣仍為自衛隊的最高指揮官,並保留著對自衛隊的最高指揮監督權和頒布“防衛出動命令”權力。 另外,原本定義為「附屬任務」的國際緊急救援協助事務、<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="聯合國">聯合國</a>維和事務以及根據《周邊事態法》的後方支援等事宜,亦不用再以個案的方式經國會兩院審議通過<sup id="cite_ref-205" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-205"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>202<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>日本自卫队的人数受到法律约束,现行编制为22.4万人,编制常保持不整状态,军事人员中亦包括大量军校士官以及军校教师职工,以及4.3萬名具培训新兵能力的干部<sup id="cite_ref-kousei_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kousei-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-206" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-206"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>203<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。2010年,日本政府發表《防卫计划大纲》,决定将陸上自卫队的坦克数量削减到400辆,但為了对应巨大地震等大规模灾害,陆上自卫队的人数則保持不变<sup id="cite_ref-207" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-207"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>204<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。自衛队在踏入21世纪後開始進行海外軍事任務,參與了2002年<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%AF%8C%E6%B1%97%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD_(2001%E5%B9%B4)" class="mw-redirect" title="阿富汗戰爭 (2001年)">阿富汗戰爭</a>後的維和任務,也曾於2004年至2009年間向<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%8B%89%E5%85%8B" title="伊拉克">伊拉克</a>派遣「<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E8%A1%9B%E9%9A%8A%E4%BC%8A%E6%8B%89%E5%85%8B%E5%BE%A9%E8%88%88%E6%94%AF%E6%8F%B4%E7%BE%A4" title="自衛隊伊拉克復興支援群">自衛隊伊拉克復興支援群</a>」,協助支援<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E4%BC%8A%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="美伊戰爭">美伊戰爭</a>後的基礎設施重建工程<sup id="cite_ref-208" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-208"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>205<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。2009年3月,<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E4%B8%8A%E8%87%AA%E8%A1%9B%E9%9A%8A" title="海上自衛隊">海上自衛隊</a>首次向<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%A2%E9%A9%AC%E9%87%8C" title="索马里">索马里</a>海域派遣了两艘護衛舰打击<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E7%9B%97" title="海盗">海盗</a><sup id="cite_ref-209" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-209"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>206<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,並在其後數月分別組成了三批舰队互相接替。<a href="/wiki/%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E8%87%AA%E8%A1%9B%E9%9A%8A" title="航空自衛隊">航空自衛隊</a>於2009年向索马里海域派遣两批<a href="/wiki/P-3" class="mw-redirect" title="P-3">P-3</a>C巡逻机部队,为打击海盗进行预警监视<sup id="cite_ref-210" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-210"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>207<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E5%85%9A_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" title="自由民主党 (日本)">自民黨</a>在2012年上台後倡議修改憲法,將自衛隊的目標設定為「本土防衛和國防保障」<sup id="cite_ref-mdnkids_117-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mdnkids-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-kenpou_118-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kenpou-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,同時提出取消當中否定的<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%86%E9%AB%94%E8%87%AA%E8%A1%9B%E6%AC%8A" title="集體自衛權">集體自衛權</a>允許自衛隊到海外參與<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="聯合國">聯合國</a>的維和反恐行動<sup id="cite_ref-www86_116-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-www86-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mdnkids_117-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mdnkids-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>以及保護在<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E6%B5%B7" title="公海">公海</a>上與日本共同聯合行動的船艦艇<sup id="cite_ref-211" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-211"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>208<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。但修憲的內容具有爭議性<sup id="cite_ref-212" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-212"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>209<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,因此在社會上亦引起一些疑慮<sup id="cite_ref-hantai_120-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hantai-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。2020年,自衛隊成立<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E4%BD%9C%E6%88%98%E9%98%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="宇宙作战队">宇宙作战队</a><sup id="cite_ref-213" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-213"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>210<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>日本於2014年的國防預算總額為4.8928万亿日圓,较去年增长2.9%<sup id="cite_ref-ppl13_214-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ppl13-214"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>211<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,但因<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E5%9C%93" title="日圓">日圓</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8C%E6%8F%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="兌換">兑</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%85%83" title="美元">美元</a>大幅<a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%A8%E5%B9%A3%E8%B2%B6%E5%80%BC" title="貨幣貶值">贬值</a>,換算為美元後数值實際与去年同比下降近10%<sup id="cite_ref-tkp13_215-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tkp13-215"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>212<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。由於日本的軍購均依賴美國進口<sup id="cite_ref-tkp13_215-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tkp13-215"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>212<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,預算中增加的款項將用在於弥补因日圓贬值而上升的进口武器装备价格的费用、恢復<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%A4%A7%E9%9C%87%E7%81%BD" title="東日本大震災">東日本大震災</a>減薪措施結束後的薪资增长以及搬迁<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%96%E7%B9%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="沖繩">沖繩</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E5%A4%A9%E9%96%93%E9%A3%9B%E8%A1%8C%E5%A0%B4" title="普天間飛行場">普天間美军基地</a>。1976年,時任首相<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%9C%A8%E6%AD%A6%E5%A4%AB" title="三木武夫">三木武夫</a>訂立了防衛開支不得超過<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E7%94%9F%E7%94%A2%E7%B8%BD%E5%80%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="國民生產總值">國民生產總值</a>1%的限制,至今只曾於1986年超過限制,而在1980年代末經濟爆破後,自衛隊預算撥備在10多年間並無增加,故扣除通脹後實質是減少。日本軍事支出目前仍維持在<a href="/wiki/GDP" class="mw-redirect" title="GDP">GDP</a>總值的1%<sup id="cite_ref-216" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-216"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>213<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,比例約為全球第134名,總支出位居<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD" title="美国">美国</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="中华人民共和国">中华人民共和国</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="俄罗斯">俄罗斯</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD" title="德国">德国</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD" title="英国">英国</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD" title="法国">法国</a>之後,為全球第7位<sup id="cite_ref-217" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-217"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>214<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>自二战以来,日本一直奉行<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A6%E5%99%A8%E5%87%BA%E5%8F%A3%E4%B8%89%E5%8E%9F%E5%88%99" class="mw-redirect" title="武器出口三原则">武器出口三原则</a>。2014年后,这项原则被<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%B2%E5%8D%AB%E8%A3%85%E5%A4%87%E8%BD%AC%E8%AE%A9%E4%B8%89%E5%8E%9F%E5%88%99" class="mw-redirect" title="防卫装备转让三原则">防卫装备转让三原则</a>所取代。日本开始出口一些非致命性的军事装备,并在2023年12月批准了一项变更放宽防卫装备品出口规则。2024年3月26日,日本內閣批准将未来下一代战机出售给其他国家。<sup id="cite_ref-218" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-218"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>215<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="行政區劃"><span id=".E8.A1.8C.E6.94.BF.E5.8D.80.E5.8A.83"></span>行政區劃</h2></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Regions_and_Prefectures_of_Japan_zh-hans.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Regions_and_Prefectures_of_Japan_zh-hans.png/220px-Regions_and_Prefectures_of_Japan_zh-hans.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="299" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Regions_and_Prefectures_of_Japan_zh-hans.png/330px-Regions_and_Prefectures_of_Japan_zh-hans.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Regions_and_Prefectures_of_Japan_zh-hans.png/440px-Regions_and_Prefectures_of_Japan_zh-hans.png 2x" data-file-width="2511" data-file-height="3414" /></a><figcaption>日本行政區劃一覽圖</figcaption></figure> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8D%80%E5%8A%83" title="日本行政區劃">日本行政區劃</a></div> <p>日本政府在1947年根據《<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E6%B3%95_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" title="地方自治法 (日本)">地方自治法</a>》將全國分成47個一級行政區,稱為「<a href="/wiki/%E9%83%BD%E9%81%93%E5%BA%9C%E7%B8%A3" title="都道府縣">都道府縣</a>」<sup id="cite_ref-219" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-219"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>216<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,分別為一<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%96%E9%83%BD" title="首都">都</a>、一<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93_(%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8D%80%E5%8A%83)" class="mw-redirect" title="道 (行政區劃)">道</a>、二<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%9C_(%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%92)" title="府 (行政区划)">府</a>、四十三<a href="/wiki/%E7%B8%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="縣">縣</a><sup id="cite_ref-xiamen-xingzheng_220-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-xiamen-xingzheng-220"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>217<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。部份市因人口較多,在當地影響較大,而被指定為<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E4%BB%A4%E6%8C%87%E5%AE%9A%E9%83%BD%E5%B8%82" title="政令指定都市">政令指定都市</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%A0%B8%E5%B8%82" title="中核市">中核市</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E4%BE%8B%E5%B8%82" title="特例市">特例市</a>。截止到2013年,日本全國共有20個政令指定都市、42個中核市和40個特例市<sup id="cite_ref-221" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-221"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>218<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。都道府縣下的行政區劃為<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%82%E7%94%BA%E6%9D%91" title="市町村">市町村</a><sup id="cite_ref-222" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-222"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>219<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,此外還有<a href="/wiki/%E9%83%A1" title="郡">郡</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%AF%E5%BB%B3" title="支廳">支廳</a>、區、<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5%E5%8D%80" title="特別區">特別區</a>等行政單位。根據地理與人文、經濟特徵,日本通常被分為<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%8D%80%E5%8A%83" class="mw-redirect" title="日本地理區劃">八大區域</a>,包括<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="北海道地方">北海道地方</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E5%8C%97%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="東北地方">東北地方</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%97%9C%E6%9D%B1%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9" title="關東地方">關東地方</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E9%83%A8%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9" title="中部地方">中部地方</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E7%95%BF%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9" title="近畿地方">近畿地方</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="中國地方">中國地方</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="四國地方">四國地方</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%9D%E5%B7%9E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="九州地方">九州·沖繩地方</a><sup id="cite_ref-#1_139-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-#1-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>日本自1888年起逐步實行<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%82%E7%94%BA%E6%9D%91%E5%90%88%E4%BD%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="市町村合併">市町村合併</a>政策,町村數目大量減少<sup id="cite_ref-223" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-223"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>220<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。踏入21世紀,為增進地方分權,政府開始檢討廢除都道府縣,改實行道州制的必要性,引起<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E9%81%93%E5%B7%9E%E5%88%B6%E8%AD%B0%E8%AB%96" title="日本道州制議論">日本道州制議論</a>。1968年,日本<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E7%9C%81" title="自治省">自治省</a>導入了<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%85%AC%E5%85%B1%E5%9C%98%E9%AB%94%E7%B7%A8%E8%99%9F" title="全國地方公共團體編號">地方公共團體編號</a>制度,目前全日本的都道府縣與各市町村均有自己的編號,編號與<a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:JP" title="ISO 3166-2:JP">ISO 3166-2:JP</a>符合。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="都道府縣"><span id=".E9.83.BD.E9.81.93.E5.BA.9C.E7.B8.A3"></span>都道府縣</h3></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>都道府县 </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="日文">日文</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E5%81%87%E5%90%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="日語假名">假名</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%96%E5%BA%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="首府">首府</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%8D%80%E5%8A%83" class="mw-redirect" title="日本地理區劃">地域</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%80%E5%9F%9F" title="區域">區域</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3" title="人口">人口</a><sup id="cite_ref-224" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-224"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>表 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%A2%E7%A7%AF" title="面积">面积</a><sup id="cite_ref-225" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-225"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>表 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E5%AF%86%E5%BA%A6" title="人口密度">人口密度</a><sup id="cite_ref-226" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-226"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>表 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E9%83%A1" title="郡">郡</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%82%E7%94%BA%E6%9D%91" title="市町村">市町村</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2" title="ISO 3166-2">ISO 3166-2</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9B%E7%9F%A5%E7%B8%A3" title="愛知縣"><img alt="愛知縣" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Flag_of_Aichi_Prefecture.svg/22px-Flag_of_Aichi_Prefecture.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Flag_of_Aichi_Prefecture.svg/33px-Flag_of_Aichi_Prefecture.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Flag_of_Aichi_Prefecture.svg/44px-Flag_of_Aichi_Prefecture.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9B%E7%9F%A5%E7%B8%A3" title="愛知縣">愛知縣</a></td> <td><span lang="ja">愛知県</span></td> <td><span lang="ja">あいちけん</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8D%E5%8F%A4%E5%B1%8B%E5%B8%82" title="名古屋市">名古屋市</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E9%83%A8%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9" title="中部地方">中部</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E5%B7%9E" title="本州">本州</a></td> <td align="right">7,532,231 </td> <td align="right">5,153.90</td> <td align="right">1,438 </td> <td align="right">10 </td> <td align="right">63</td> <td align="right">JP-23 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%8B%E7%94%B0%E7%B8%A3" title="秋田縣"><img alt="秋田縣" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Akita_Prefecture.svg/22px-Flag_of_Akita_Prefecture.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Akita_Prefecture.svg/33px-Flag_of_Akita_Prefecture.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Akita_Prefecture.svg/44px-Flag_of_Akita_Prefecture.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%8B%E7%94%B0%E7%B8%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="秋田縣">秋田縣</a></td> <td><span lang="ja">秋田県</span></td> <td><span lang="ja">あきたけん</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%8B%E7%94%B0%E5%B8%82" title="秋田市">秋田市</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E5%8C%97%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="東北地方">東北</a></td> <td>本州</td> <td align="right">1,029,196 </td> <td align="right">11,612.11</td> <td align="right">94 </td> <td align="right">6 </td> <td align="right">25</td> <td align="right">JP-05 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E6%A3%AE%E7%B8%A3" title="青森縣"><img alt="青森縣" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Aomori_Prefecture.svg/22px-Flag_of_Aomori_Prefecture.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Aomori_Prefecture.svg/33px-Flag_of_Aomori_Prefecture.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Aomori_Prefecture.svg/44px-Flag_of_Aomori_Prefecture.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="280" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E6%A3%AE%E7%B8%A3" title="青森縣">青森縣</a></td> <td><span lang="ja">青森県</span></td> <td><span lang="ja">あおもりけん</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E6%A3%AE%E5%B8%82" title="青森市">青森市</a> </td> <td>東北</td> <td>本州</td> <td align="right">1,323,861 </td> <td align="right">9,606.24</td> <td align="right">142 </td> <td align="right">8 </td> <td align="right">40</td> <td align="right">JP-02 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%83%E8%91%89%E7%B8%A3" title="千葉縣"><img alt="千葉縣" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Chiba_Prefecture.svg/22px-Flag_of_Chiba_Prefecture.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Chiba_Prefecture.svg/33px-Flag_of_Chiba_Prefecture.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Chiba_Prefecture.svg/44px-Flag_of_Chiba_Prefecture.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%83%E8%91%89%E7%B8%A3" title="千葉縣">千葉縣</a></td> <td><span lang="ja">千葉県</span></td> <td><span lang="ja">ちばけん</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%83%E8%91%89%E5%B8%82" title="千葉市">千葉市</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%97%9C%E6%9D%B1%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9" title="關東地方">关東</a></td> <td>本州</td> <td align="right">6,283,602 </td> <td align="right">5,156.15</td> <td align="right">1,204 </td> <td align="right">6 </td> <td align="right">56</td> <td align="right">JP-12 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9B%E5%AA%9B%E7%B8%A3" title="愛媛縣"><img alt="愛媛縣" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Flag_of_Ehime_Prefecture.svg/22px-Flag_of_Ehime_Prefecture.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Flag_of_Ehime_Prefecture.svg/33px-Flag_of_Ehime_Prefecture.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Flag_of_Ehime_Prefecture.svg/44px-Flag_of_Ehime_Prefecture.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9B%E5%AA%9B%E7%B8%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="愛媛縣">愛媛縣</a></td> <td><span lang="ja">愛媛県</span></td> <td><span lang="ja">えひめけん</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%BE%E5%B1%B1%E5%B8%82" title="松山市">松山市</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="四國地方">四国</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="四国">四国</a></td> <td align="right">1,405,325 </td> <td align="right">5,676.44</td> <td align="right">252 </td> <td align="right">7 </td> <td align="right">20</td> <td align="right">JP-38 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%8F%E4%BA%95%E7%B8%A3" title="福井縣"><img alt="福井縣" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Fukui_Prefecture.svg/22px-Flag_of_Fukui_Prefecture.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Fukui_Prefecture.svg/33px-Flag_of_Fukui_Prefecture.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Fukui_Prefecture.svg/44px-Flag_of_Fukui_Prefecture.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%8F%E4%BA%95%E7%B8%A3" title="福井縣">福井縣</a></td> <td><span lang="ja">福井県</span></td> <td><span lang="ja">ふくいけん</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%8F%E4%BA%95%E5%B8%82" title="福井市">福井市</a> </td> <td>中部</td> <td>本州</td> <td align="right">794,433 </td> <td align="right">4,188.76</td> <td align="right">192 </td> <td align="right">7 </td> <td align="right">17</td> <td align="right">JP-18 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%8F%E5%B2%A1%E7%B8%A3" title="福岡縣"><img alt="福岡縣" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Fukuoka_Prefecture.svg/22px-Flag_of_Fukuoka_Prefecture.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Fukuoka_Prefecture.svg/33px-Flag_of_Fukuoka_Prefecture.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Fukuoka_Prefecture.svg/44px-Flag_of_Fukuoka_Prefecture.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="915" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%8F%E5%B2%A1%E7%B8%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="福岡縣">福岡縣</a></td> <td><span lang="ja">福岡県</span></td> <td><span lang="ja">ふくおかけん</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%8F%E5%B2%A1%E5%B8%82" title="福岡市">福岡市</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%9D%E5%B7%9E%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="九州地方">九州</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%9D%E5%B7%9E_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" title="九州 (日本)">九州</a></td> <td align="right">5,126,389 </td> <td align="right">4,971.01</td> <td align="right">1,020 </td> <td align="right">15 </td> <td align="right">69</td> <td align="right">JP-40 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%8F%E5%B3%B6%E7%B8%A3" title="福島縣"><img alt="福島縣" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Fukushima_Prefecture.svg/22px-Flag_of_Fukushima_Prefecture.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Fukushima_Prefecture.svg/33px-Flag_of_Fukushima_Prefecture.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Fukushima_Prefecture.svg/44px-Flag_of_Fukushima_Prefecture.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%8F%E5%B3%B6%E7%B8%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="福島縣">福島縣</a></td> <td><span lang="ja">福島県</span></td> <td><span lang="ja">ふくしまけん</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%8F%E5%B3%B6%E5%B8%82" title="福島市">福島市</a> </td> <td>東北</td> <td>本州</td> <td align="right">1,938,559 </td> <td align="right">13,782.54</td> <td align="right">147 </td> <td align="right">13 </td> <td align="right">61</td> <td align="right">JP-07 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B2%90%E9%98%9C%E7%B8%A3" title="岐阜縣"><img alt="岐阜縣" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_Gifu_Prefecture.svg/22px-Flag_of_Gifu_Prefecture.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_Gifu_Prefecture.svg/33px-Flag_of_Gifu_Prefecture.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_Gifu_Prefecture.svg/44px-Flag_of_Gifu_Prefecture.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%B2%90%E9%98%9C%E7%B8%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="岐阜縣">岐阜縣</a></td> <td><span lang="ja">岐阜県</span></td> <td><span lang="ja">ぎふけん</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%B2%90%E9%98%9C%E5%B8%82" title="岐阜市">岐阜市</a> </td> <td>中部</td> <td>本州</td> <td align="right">2,066,266 </td> <td align="right">10,598.18</td> <td align="right">196 </td> <td align="right">9 </td> <td align="right">42</td> <td align="right">JP-21 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A4%E9%A6%AC%E7%B8%A3" title="群馬縣"><img alt="群馬縣" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Gunma_Prefecture.svg/22px-Flag_of_Gunma_Prefecture.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Gunma_Prefecture.svg/33px-Flag_of_Gunma_Prefecture.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Gunma_Prefecture.svg/44px-Flag_of_Gunma_Prefecture.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A4%E9%A6%AC%E7%B8%A3" title="群馬縣">群馬縣</a></td> <td><span lang="ja">群馬県</span></td> <td><span lang="ja">ぐんまけん</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D%E6%A9%8B%E5%B8%82" title="前橋市">前橋市</a> </td> <td>关東</td> <td>本州</td> <td align="right">1,998,275 </td> <td align="right">6,363.16</td> <td align="right">315 </td> <td align="right">9 </td> <td align="right">39</td> <td align="right">JP-10 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%A3%E5%B3%B6%E7%B8%A3" title="廣島縣"><img alt="廣島縣" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Hiroshima_Prefecture.svg/22px-Flag_of_Hiroshima_Prefecture.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Hiroshima_Prefecture.svg/33px-Flag_of_Hiroshima_Prefecture.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Hiroshima_Prefecture.svg/44px-Flag_of_Hiroshima_Prefecture.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%A3%E5%B3%B6%E7%B8%A3" title="廣島縣">廣島縣</a></td> <td><span lang="ja">広島県</span></td> <td><span lang="ja">ひろしまけん</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%A3%E5%B3%B6%E5%B8%82" title="廣島市">廣島市</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="中國地方">中国</a></td> <td>本州</td> <td align="right">2,857,475 </td> <td align="right">8,476.95</td> <td align="right">337 </td> <td align="right">6 </td> <td align="right">23</td> <td align="right">JP-34 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93" title="北海道"><img alt="北海道" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Flag_of_Hokkaido_Prefecture.svg/22px-Flag_of_Hokkaido_Prefecture.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Flag_of_Hokkaido_Prefecture.svg/33px-Flag_of_Hokkaido_Prefecture.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Flag_of_Hokkaido_Prefecture.svg/44px-Flag_of_Hokkaido_Prefecture.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1260" data-file-height="840" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93" title="北海道">北海道</a></td> <td><span lang="ja">北海道</span></td> <td><span lang="ja">ほっかいどう</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AD%E5%B9%8C%E5%B8%82" title="札幌市">札幌市</a> </td> <td>北海道</td> <td>北海道</td> <td align="right">5,370,807 </td> <td align="right">83,453.57</td> <td align="right">66 </td> <td align="right">64 </td> <td align="right">180</td> <td align="right">JP-01 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B5%E5%BA%AB%E7%B8%A3" title="兵庫縣"><img alt="兵庫縣" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Flag_of_Hyogo_Prefecture.svg/22px-Flag_of_Hyogo_Prefecture.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Flag_of_Hyogo_Prefecture.svg/33px-Flag_of_Hyogo_Prefecture.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Flag_of_Hyogo_Prefecture.svg/44px-Flag_of_Hyogo_Prefecture.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="646" data-file-height="454" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B5%E5%BA%AB%E7%B8%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="兵庫縣">兵庫縣</a></td> <td><span lang="ja">兵庫県</span></td> <td><span lang="ja">ひょうごけん</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E6%88%B6%E5%B8%82" class="mw-redirect" title="神戶市">神戶市</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E7%95%BF%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9" title="近畿地方">近畿</a></td> <td>本州</td> <td align="right">5,606,545 </td> <td align="right">8,392.42</td> <td align="right">666 </td> <td align="right">8 </td> <td align="right">41</td> <td align="right">JP-28 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8C%A8%E5%9F%8E%E7%B8%A3" title="茨城縣"><img alt="茨城縣" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Flag_of_Ibaraki_Prefecture.svg/22px-Flag_of_Ibaraki_Prefecture.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Flag_of_Ibaraki_Prefecture.svg/33px-Flag_of_Ibaraki_Prefecture.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Flag_of_Ibaraki_Prefecture.svg/44px-Flag_of_Ibaraki_Prefecture.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%8C%A8%E5%9F%8E%E7%B8%A3" title="茨城縣">茨城縣</a></td> <td><span lang="ja">茨城県</span></td> <td><span lang="ja">いばらきけん</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E6%88%B6%E5%B8%82" title="水戶市">水戶市</a> </td> <td>关東</td> <td>本州</td> <td align="right">2,960,458 </td> <td align="right">6,095.62</td> <td align="right">487 </td> <td align="right">7 </td> <td align="right">44</td> <td align="right">JP-08 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E5%B7%9D%E7%B8%A3" title="石川縣"><img alt="石川縣" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_Ishikawa_Prefecture.svg/22px-Flag_of_Ishikawa_Prefecture.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_Ishikawa_Prefecture.svg/33px-Flag_of_Ishikawa_Prefecture.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_Ishikawa_Prefecture.svg/44px-Flag_of_Ishikawa_Prefecture.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="440" data-file-height="310" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E5%B7%9D%E7%B8%A3" title="石川縣">石川縣</a></td> <td><span lang="ja">石川県</span></td> <td><span lang="ja">いしかわけん</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%BE%A4%E5%B8%82" title="金澤市">金澤市</a> </td> <td>中部</td> <td>本州</td> <td align="right">1,153,627 </td> <td align="right">4,185.32</td> <td align="right">279 </td> <td align="right">6 </td> <td align="right">19</td> <td align="right">JP-17 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B2%A9%E6%89%8B%E7%B8%A3" title="岩手縣"><img alt="岩手縣" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Iwate_Prefecture.svg/22px-Flag_of_Iwate_Prefecture.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Iwate_Prefecture.svg/33px-Flag_of_Iwate_Prefecture.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Iwate_Prefecture.svg/44px-Flag_of_Iwate_Prefecture.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%B2%A9%E6%89%8B%E7%B8%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="岩手縣">岩手縣</a></td> <td><span lang="ja">岩手県</span></td> <td><span lang="ja">いわてけん</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%9B%E5%86%88%E5%B8%82" class="mw-redirect" title="盛冈市">盛冈市</a> </td> <td>東北</td> <td>本州</td> <td align="right">1,277,271 </td> <td align="right">15,278.51</td> <td align="right">87 </td> <td align="right">11 </td> <td align="right">35</td> <td align="right">JP-03 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E5%B7%9D%E7%B8%A3" title="香川縣"><img alt="香川縣" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Flag_of_Kagawa_Prefecture.svg/22px-Flag_of_Kagawa_Prefecture.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Flag_of_Kagawa_Prefecture.svg/33px-Flag_of_Kagawa_Prefecture.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Flag_of_Kagawa_Prefecture.svg/44px-Flag_of_Kagawa_Prefecture.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E5%B7%9D%E7%B8%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="香川縣">香川縣</a></td> <td><span lang="ja">香川県</span></td> <td><span lang="ja">かがわけん</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E6%9D%BE%E5%B8%82" title="高松市">高松市</a> </td> <td>四国</td> <td>四国</td> <td align="right">997,811 </td> <td align="right">1,861.70</td> <td align="right">535 </td> <td align="right">5 </td> <td align="right">17</td> <td align="right">JP-37 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E9%B9%BF%E5%85%92%E5%B3%B6%E7%B8%A3" title="鹿兒島縣"><img alt="鹿兒島縣" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Flag_of_Kagoshima_Prefecture.svg/22px-Flag_of_Kagoshima_Prefecture.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Flag_of_Kagoshima_Prefecture.svg/33px-Flag_of_Kagoshima_Prefecture.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Flag_of_Kagoshima_Prefecture.svg/44px-Flag_of_Kagoshima_Prefecture.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%B9%BF%E5%85%92%E5%B3%B6%E7%B8%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="鹿兒島縣">鹿兒島縣</a></td> <td><span lang="ja">鹿児島県</span></td> <td><span lang="ja">かごしまけん</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%B9%BF%E5%85%92%E5%B3%B6%E5%B8%82" class="mw-redirect" title="鹿兒島市">鹿兒島市</a></td> <td>九州</td> <td>九州</td> <td align="right">1,668,003 </td> <td align="right">9,132.42</td> <td align="right">187 </td> <td align="right">11 </td> <td align="right">49</td> <td align="right">JP-46 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E5%A5%88%E5%B7%9D%E5%8E%BF" title="神奈川县"><img alt="神奈川县" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Flag_of_Kanagawa_Prefecture.svg/22px-Flag_of_Kanagawa_Prefecture.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Flag_of_Kanagawa_Prefecture.svg/33px-Flag_of_Kanagawa_Prefecture.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Flag_of_Kanagawa_Prefecture.svg/44px-Flag_of_Kanagawa_Prefecture.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E5%A5%88%E5%B7%9D%E7%B8%A3" title="神奈川縣">神奈川縣</a></td> <td><span lang="ja">神奈川県</span></td> <td><span lang="ja">かながわけん</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%A9%AB%E6%BF%B1%E5%B8%82" class="mw-redirect" title="橫濱市">橫濱市</a></td> <td>关東</td> <td>本州</td> <td align="right">9,155,389 </td> <td align="right">2,415.42</td> <td align="right">3,746 </td> <td align="right">7 </td> <td align="right">35</td> <td align="right">JP-14 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E7%9F%A5%E7%B8%A3" title="高知縣"><img alt="高知縣" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Flag_of_Kochi_Prefecture.svg/22px-Flag_of_Kochi_Prefecture.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Flag_of_Kochi_Prefecture.svg/33px-Flag_of_Kochi_Prefecture.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Flag_of_Kochi_Prefecture.svg/44px-Flag_of_Kochi_Prefecture.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E7%9F%A5%E7%B8%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="高知縣">高知縣</a></td> <td><span lang="ja">高知県</span></td> <td><span lang="ja">こうちけん</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E7%9F%A5%E5%B8%82" title="高知市">高知市</a> </td> <td>四国</td> <td>四国</td> <td align="right">732,535 </td> <td align="right">7,104.70</td> <td align="right">108 </td> <td align="right">6 </td> <td align="right">35</td> <td align="right">JP-39 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E7%86%8A%E6%9C%AC%E7%B8%A3" title="熊本縣"><img alt="熊本縣" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Kumamoto_Prefecture.svg/22px-Flag_of_Kumamoto_Prefecture.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Kumamoto_Prefecture.svg/33px-Flag_of_Kumamoto_Prefecture.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Kumamoto_Prefecture.svg/44px-Flag_of_Kumamoto_Prefecture.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%86%8A%E6%9C%AC%E7%B8%A3" title="熊本縣">熊本縣</a></td> <td><span lang="ja">熊本県</span></td> <td><span lang="ja">くまもとけん</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%86%8A%E6%9C%AC%E5%B8%82" title="熊本市">熊本市</a> </td> <td>九州</td> <td>九州</td> <td align="right">1,798,149 </td> <td align="right">6,908.45</td> <td align="right">263 </td> <td align="right">10 </td> <td align="right">48</td> <td align="right">JP-43 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%AC%E9%83%BD%E5%BA%9C" title="京都府"><img alt="京都府" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Kyoto_Prefecture.svg/22px-Flag_of_Kyoto_Prefecture.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Kyoto_Prefecture.svg/33px-Flag_of_Kyoto_Prefecture.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Kyoto_Prefecture.svg/44px-Flag_of_Kyoto_Prefecture.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="924" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%AC%E9%83%BD%E5%BA%9C" title="京都府">京都府</a></td> <td><span lang="ja">京都府</span></td> <td><span lang="ja">きょうとふ</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%AC%E9%83%BD%E5%B8%82" title="京都市">京都市</a> </td> <td>近畿</td> <td>本州</td> <td align="right">2,569,410 </td> <td align="right">4,612.93</td> <td align="right">571 </td> <td align="right">6 </td> <td align="right">28</td> <td align="right">JP-26 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E9%87%8D%E7%B8%A3" title="三重縣"><img alt="三重縣" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Mie_Prefecture.svg/22px-Flag_of_Mie_Prefecture.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Mie_Prefecture.svg/33px-Flag_of_Mie_Prefecture.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Mie_Prefecture.svg/44px-Flag_of_Mie_Prefecture.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="728" data-file-height="515" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E9%87%8D%E7%B8%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="三重縣">三重縣</a></td> <td><span lang="ja">三重県</span></td> <td><span lang="ja">みえけん</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%A5%E5%B8%82_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" class="mw-redirect" title="津市 (日本)">津市</a> </td> <td>近畿</td> <td>本州</td> <td align="right">1,841,753 </td> <td align="right">5,760.72</td> <td align="right">322 </td> <td align="right">7 </td> <td align="right">29</td> <td align="right">JP-24 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%AE%E5%9F%8E%E7%B8%A3" title="宮城縣"><img alt="宮城縣" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Miyagi_Prefecture.svg/22px-Flag_of_Miyagi_Prefecture.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Miyagi_Prefecture.svg/33px-Flag_of_Miyagi_Prefecture.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Miyagi_Prefecture.svg/44px-Flag_of_Miyagi_Prefecture.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%AE%E5%9F%8E%E7%B8%A3" title="宮城縣">宮城縣</a></td> <td><span lang="ja">宮城県</span></td> <td><span lang="ja">みやぎけん</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%99%E5%8F%B0%E5%B8%82" title="仙台市">仙台市</a> </td> <td>東北</td> <td>本州</td> <td align="right">2,319,438 </td> <td align="right">6,861.51</td> <td align="right">342 </td> <td align="right">10 </td> <td align="right">36</td> <td align="right">JP-04 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%AE%E5%B4%8E%E7%B8%A3" title="宮崎縣"><img alt="宮崎縣" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Flag_of_Miyazaki_Prefecture.svg/22px-Flag_of_Miyazaki_Prefecture.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Flag_of_Miyazaki_Prefecture.svg/33px-Flag_of_Miyazaki_Prefecture.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Flag_of_Miyazaki_Prefecture.svg/44px-Flag_of_Miyazaki_Prefecture.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%AE%E5%B4%8E%E7%B8%A3" title="宮崎縣">宮崎縣</a></td> <td><span lang="ja">宮崎県</span></td> <td><span lang="ja">みやざきけん</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%AE%E5%B4%8E%E5%B8%82" title="宮崎市">宫崎市</a> </td> <td>九州</td> <td>九州</td> <td align="right">1,119,544 </td> <td align="right">6,684.67</td> <td align="right">170 </td> <td align="right">8 </td> <td align="right">31</td> <td align="right">JP-45 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%B7%E9%87%8E%E7%B8%A3" title="長野縣"><img alt="長野縣" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Nagano_Prefecture.svg/22px-Flag_of_Nagano_Prefecture.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Nagano_Prefecture.svg/33px-Flag_of_Nagano_Prefecture.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Nagano_Prefecture.svg/44px-Flag_of_Nagano_Prefecture.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%95%B7%E9%87%8E%E7%B8%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="長野縣">長野縣</a></td> <td><span lang="ja">長野県</span></td> <td><span lang="ja">ながのけん</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%B7%E9%87%8E%E5%B8%82" title="長野市">長野市</a> </td> <td>中部</td> <td>本州</td> <td align="right">2,126,064 </td> <td align="right">12,598.48</td> <td align="right">171 </td> <td align="right">14 </td> <td align="right">81</td> <td align="right">JP-20 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%B7%E5%B4%8E%E7%B8%A3" title="長崎縣"><img alt="長崎縣" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Nagasaki_Prefecture.svg/22px-Flag_of_Nagasaki_Prefecture.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Nagasaki_Prefecture.svg/33px-Flag_of_Nagasaki_Prefecture.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Nagasaki_Prefecture.svg/44px-Flag_of_Nagasaki_Prefecture.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="533" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%95%B7%E5%B4%8E%E7%B8%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="長崎縣">長崎縣</a></td> <td><span lang="ja">長崎県</span></td> <td><span lang="ja">ながさきけん</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%B7%E5%B4%8E%E5%B8%82" class="mw-redirect" title="長崎市">長崎市</a> </td> <td>九州</td> <td>九州</td> <td align="right">1,392,950 </td> <td align="right">4,092.80</td> <td align="right">349 </td> <td align="right">4 </td> <td align="right">23</td> <td align="right">JP-42 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%88%E8%89%AF%E7%B8%A3" title="奈良縣"><img alt="奈良縣" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Nara_Prefecture.svg/22px-Flag_of_Nara_Prefecture.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Nara_Prefecture.svg/33px-Flag_of_Nara_Prefecture.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Nara_Prefecture.svg/44px-Flag_of_Nara_Prefecture.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%88%E8%89%AF%E7%B8%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="奈良縣">奈良縣</a></td> <td><span lang="ja">奈良県</span></td> <td><span lang="ja">ならけん</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%88%E8%89%AF%E5%B8%82" title="奈良市">奈良市</a> </td> <td>近畿</td> <td>本州</td> <td align="right">1,380,181 </td> <td align="right">3,691.09</td> <td align="right">379 </td> <td align="right">7 </td> <td align="right">39</td> <td align="right">JP-29 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%BD%9F%E7%B8%A3" title="新潟縣"><img alt="新潟縣" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_Niigata_Prefecture.svg/22px-Flag_of_Niigata_Prefecture.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_Niigata_Prefecture.svg/33px-Flag_of_Niigata_Prefecture.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_Niigata_Prefecture.svg/44px-Flag_of_Niigata_Prefecture.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="720" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%BD%9F%E7%B8%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="新潟縣">新潟縣</a></td> <td><span lang="ja">新潟県</span></td> <td><span lang="ja">にいがたけん</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%BD%9F%E5%B8%82" title="新潟市">新潟市</a> </td> <td>中部</td> <td>本州</td> <td align="right">2,300,923 </td> <td align="right">12,582.37</td> <td align="right">189 </td> <td align="right">9 </td> <td align="right">35</td> <td align="right">JP-15 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%86%E7%B8%A3" title="大分縣"><img alt="大分縣" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Flag_of_Oita_Prefecture.svg/22px-Flag_of_Oita_Prefecture.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Flag_of_Oita_Prefecture.svg/33px-Flag_of_Oita_Prefecture.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Flag_of_Oita_Prefecture.svg/44px-Flag_of_Oita_Prefecture.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="630" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%86%E7%B8%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="大分縣">大分縣</a></td> <td><span lang="ja">大分県</span></td> <td><span lang="ja">おおいたけん</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%86%E5%B8%82" title="大分市">大分市</a> </td> <td>九州</td> <td>九州</td> <td align="right">1,176,891 </td> <td align="right">5,804.24</td> <td align="right">206 </td> <td align="right">3 </td> <td align="right">18</td> <td align="right">JP-44 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B2%A1%E5%B1%B1%E7%B8%A3" title="岡山縣"><img alt="岡山縣" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Flag_of_Okayama_Prefecture.svg/22px-Flag_of_Okayama_Prefecture.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Flag_of_Okayama_Prefecture.svg/33px-Flag_of_Okayama_Prefecture.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Flag_of_Okayama_Prefecture.svg/44px-Flag_of_Okayama_Prefecture.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%B2%A1%E5%B1%B1%E7%B8%A3" title="岡山縣">岡山縣</a></td> <td><span lang="ja">岡山県</span></td> <td><span lang="ja">おかやまけん</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%B2%A1%E5%B1%B1%E5%B8%82" title="岡山市">岡山市</a> </td> <td>中国</td> <td>本州</td> <td align="right">1,927,632 </td> <td align="right">7,008.63</td> <td align="right">278 </td> <td align="right">12 </td> <td align="right">29</td> <td align="right">JP-33 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%96%E7%B9%A9%E7%B8%A3" title="沖繩縣"><img alt="沖繩縣" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Okinawa_Prefecture.svg/22px-Flag_of_Okinawa_Prefecture.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Okinawa_Prefecture.svg/33px-Flag_of_Okinawa_Prefecture.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Okinawa_Prefecture.svg/44px-Flag_of_Okinawa_Prefecture.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="533" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%96%E7%B9%A9%E7%B8%A3" title="沖繩縣">沖繩縣</a></td> <td><span lang="ja">沖縄県</span></td> <td><span lang="ja">おきなわけん</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%82%A3%E9%9C%B8%E5%B8%82" title="那霸市">那霸市</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%90%89%E7%90%83%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="琉球群島">冲绳</a></td> <td>冲绳</td> <td align="right">1,467,071 </td> <td align="right">2,271.57</td> <td align="right">613 </td> <td align="right">5 </td> <td align="right">41</td> <td align="right">JP-47 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%98%AA%E5%BA%9C" title="大阪府"><img alt="大阪府" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Flag_of_Osaka_Prefecture.svg/22px-Flag_of_Osaka_Prefecture.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Flag_of_Osaka_Prefecture.svg/33px-Flag_of_Osaka_Prefecture.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Flag_of_Osaka_Prefecture.svg/44px-Flag_of_Osaka_Prefecture.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%98%AA%E5%BA%9C" title="大阪府">大阪府</a></td> <td><span lang="ja">大阪府</span></td> <td><span lang="ja">おおさかふ</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%98%AA%E5%B8%82" title="大阪市">大阪市</a> </td> <td>近畿</td> <td>本州</td> <td align="right">8,861,437 </td> <td align="right">1,893.18</td> <td align="right">4,683 </td> <td align="right">5 </td> <td align="right">43</td> <td align="right">JP-27 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%90%E8%B3%80%E7%B8%A3" title="佐賀縣"><img alt="佐賀縣" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Flag_of_Saga_Prefecture.svg/22px-Flag_of_Saga_Prefecture.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Flag_of_Saga_Prefecture.svg/33px-Flag_of_Saga_Prefecture.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Flag_of_Saga_Prefecture.svg/44px-Flag_of_Saga_Prefecture.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%90%E8%B3%80%E7%B8%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="佐賀縣">佐賀縣</a></td> <td><span lang="ja">佐賀県</span></td> <td><span lang="ja">さがけん</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%90%E8%B3%80%E5%B8%82" title="佐賀市">佐賀市</a> </td> <td>九州</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%9D%E5%B7%9E_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" title="九州 (日本)">九州</a></td> <td align="right">837,977 </td> <td align="right">2,439.23</td> <td align="right">348 </td> <td align="right">7 </td> <td align="right">23</td> <td align="right">JP-41 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BC%E7%8E%89%E7%B8%A3" title="埼玉縣"><img alt="埼玉縣" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Flag_of_Saitama_Prefecture.svg/22px-Flag_of_Saitama_Prefecture.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Flag_of_Saitama_Prefecture.svg/33px-Flag_of_Saitama_Prefecture.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Flag_of_Saitama_Prefecture.svg/44px-Flag_of_Saitama_Prefecture.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BC%E7%8E%89%E7%B8%A3" title="埼玉縣">埼玉縣</a></td> <td><span lang="ja">埼玉県</span></td> <td><span lang="ja">さいたまけん</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BC%E7%8E%89%E5%B8%82" title="埼玉市">埼玉市</a> </td> <td>关東</td> <td>本州</td> <td align="right">7,343,807 </td> <td align="right">3,767.09</td> <td align="right">1,909 </td> <td align="right">9 </td> <td align="right">71</td> <td align="right">JP-11 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E6%BB%8B%E8%B3%80%E7%B8%A3" title="滋賀縣"><img alt="滋賀縣" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_Shiga_Prefecture.svg/22px-Flag_of_Shiga_Prefecture.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_Shiga_Prefecture.svg/33px-Flag_of_Shiga_Prefecture.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_Shiga_Prefecture.svg/44px-Flag_of_Shiga_Prefecture.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%BB%8B%E8%B3%80%E7%B8%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="滋賀縣">滋賀縣</a></td> <td><span lang="ja">滋賀県</span></td> <td><span lang="ja">しがけん</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%A5%E5%B8%82" title="大津市">大津市</a> </td> <td>近畿</td> <td>本州</td> <td align="right">1,420,260 </td> <td align="right">4,017.36</td> <td align="right">351 </td> <td align="right">5 </td> <td align="right">26</td> <td align="right">JP-25 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B3%B6%E6%A0%B9%E7%B8%A3" title="島根縣"><img alt="島根縣" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Shimane_Prefecture.svg/22px-Flag_of_Shimane_Prefecture.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Shimane_Prefecture.svg/33px-Flag_of_Shimane_Prefecture.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Shimane_Prefecture.svg/44px-Flag_of_Shimane_Prefecture.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%B3%B6%E6%A0%B9%E7%B8%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="島根縣">島根縣</a></td> <td><span lang="ja">島根県</span></td> <td><span lang="ja">しまねけん</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%BE%E6%B1%9F%E5%B8%82" title="松江市">松江市</a> </td> <td>中国</td> <td>本州</td> <td align="right">696,382 </td> <td align="right">6,707.32</td> <td align="right">107 </td> <td align="right">7 </td> <td align="right">21</td> <td align="right">JP-32 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9C%E5%B2%A1%E7%B8%A3" title="靜岡縣"><img alt="靜岡縣" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Shizuoka_Prefecture.svg/22px-Flag_of_Shizuoka_Prefecture.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Shizuoka_Prefecture.svg/33px-Flag_of_Shizuoka_Prefecture.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Shizuoka_Prefecture.svg/44px-Flag_of_Shizuoka_Prefecture.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9C%E5%B2%A1%E7%B8%A3" title="靜岡縣">靜岡縣</a></td> <td><span lang="ja">静岡県</span></td> <td><span lang="ja">しずおかけん</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9C%E5%B2%A1%E5%B8%82" title="靜岡市">靜岡市</a> </td> <td>中部</td> <td>本州</td> <td align="right">3,756,865 </td> <td align="right">7,328.61</td> <td align="right">513 </td> <td align="right">9 </td> <td align="right">42</td> <td align="right">JP-22 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%83%E6%9C%A8%E7%B8%A3" title="栃木縣"><img alt="栃木縣" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Flag_of_Tochigi_Prefecture.svg/22px-Flag_of_Tochigi_Prefecture.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Flag_of_Tochigi_Prefecture.svg/33px-Flag_of_Tochigi_Prefecture.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Flag_of_Tochigi_Prefecture.svg/44px-Flag_of_Tochigi_Prefecture.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="630" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%83%E6%9C%A8%E7%B8%A3" title="栃木縣">栃木縣</a></td> <td><span lang="ja">栃木県</span></td> <td><span lang="ja">とちぎけん</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E9%83%BD%E5%AE%AE%E5%B8%82" title="宇都宮市">宇都宮市</a> </td> <td>关東</td> <td>本州</td> <td align="right">1,991,597 </td> <td align="right">6,408.28</td> <td align="right">313 </td> <td align="right">6 </td> <td align="right">33</td> <td align="right">JP-09 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%B3%B6%E7%B8%A3" title="德島縣"><img alt="德島縣" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Flag_of_Tokushima_Prefecture.svg/22px-Flag_of_Tokushima_Prefecture.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Flag_of_Tokushima_Prefecture.svg/33px-Flag_of_Tokushima_Prefecture.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Flag_of_Tokushima_Prefecture.svg/44px-Flag_of_Tokushima_Prefecture.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="630" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%B3%B6%E7%B8%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="德島縣">德島縣</a></td> <td><span lang="ja">徳島県</span></td> <td><span lang="ja">とくしまけん</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%B3%B6%E5%B8%82" title="德島市">德島市</a> </td> <td>四国</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="四国">四国</a></td> <td align="right">764,213 </td> <td align="right">4,145.26</td> <td align="right">189 </td> <td align="right">8 </td> <td align="right">24</td> <td align="right">JP-36 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%AC%E9%83%BD" title="東京都"><img alt="東京都" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Flag_of_Tokyo_Metropolis.svg/22px-Flag_of_Tokyo_Metropolis.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Flag_of_Tokyo_Metropolis.svg/33px-Flag_of_Tokyo_Metropolis.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Flag_of_Tokyo_Metropolis.svg/44px-Flag_of_Tokyo_Metropolis.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%AC%E9%83%BD" title="東京都">東京都</a></td> <td><span lang="ja">東京都</span></td> <td><span lang="ja">とうきょうと</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%AE%BF%E5%8D%80" title="新宿區">新宿區</a> </td> <td>关東</td> <td>本州</td> <td align="right">13,530,053 </td> <td align="right">2,102.35</td> <td align="right">6,259 </td> <td align="right">1 </td> <td align="right">39</td> <td align="right">JP-13 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E9%B3%A5%E5%8F%96%E7%B8%A3" title="鳥取縣"><img alt="鳥取縣" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Flag_of_Tottori_Prefecture.svg/22px-Flag_of_Tottori_Prefecture.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Flag_of_Tottori_Prefecture.svg/33px-Flag_of_Tottori_Prefecture.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Flag_of_Tottori_Prefecture.svg/44px-Flag_of_Tottori_Prefecture.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1260" data-file-height="840" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%B3%A5%E5%8F%96%E7%B8%A3" title="鳥取縣">鳥取縣</a></td> <td><span lang="ja">鳥取県</span></td> <td><span lang="ja">とっとりけん</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%B3%A5%E5%8F%96%E5%B8%82" title="鳥取市">鳥取市</a> </td> <td>中国</td> <td>本州</td> <td align="right">575,264 </td> <td align="right">3,507.19</td> <td align="right">168 </td> <td align="right">4 </td> <td align="right">19</td> <td align="right">JP-31 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%8C%E5%B1%B1%E7%B8%A3" title="富山縣"><img alt="富山縣" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Flag_of_Toyama_Prefecture.svg/22px-Flag_of_Toyama_Prefecture.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Flag_of_Toyama_Prefecture.svg/33px-Flag_of_Toyama_Prefecture.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Flag_of_Toyama_Prefecture.svg/44px-Flag_of_Toyama_Prefecture.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="533" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%8C%E5%B1%B1%E7%B8%A3" title="富山縣">富山縣</a></td> <td><span lang="ja">富山県</span></td> <td><span lang="ja">とやまけん</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%8C%E5%B1%B1%E5%B8%82" title="富山市">富山市</a> </td> <td>中部</td> <td>本州</td> <td align="right">1,074,705 </td> <td align="right">4,247.22</td> <td align="right">257 </td> <td align="right">2 </td> <td align="right">15</td> <td align="right">JP-16 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E5%92%8C%E6%AD%8C%E5%B1%B1%E7%B8%A3" title="和歌山縣"><img alt="和歌山縣" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_Wakayama_Prefecture.svg/22px-Flag_of_Wakayama_Prefecture.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_Wakayama_Prefecture.svg/33px-Flag_of_Wakayama_Prefecture.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_Wakayama_Prefecture.svg/44px-Flag_of_Wakayama_Prefecture.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%92%8C%E6%AD%8C%E5%B1%B1%E7%B8%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="和歌山縣">和歌山縣</a></td> <td><span lang="ja">和歌山県</span></td> <td><span lang="ja">わかやまけん</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%92%8C%E6%AD%8C%E5%B1%B1%E5%B8%82" title="和歌山市">和歌山市</a></td> <td>近畿</td> <td>本州</td> <td align="right">984,689 </td> <td align="right">4,725.58</td> <td align="right">212 </td> <td align="right">6 </td> <td align="right">30</td> <td align="right">JP-30 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E5%BD%A2%E7%B8%A3" title="山形縣"><img alt="山形縣" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Flag_of_Yamagata_Prefecture.svg/22px-Flag_of_Yamagata_Prefecture.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Flag_of_Yamagata_Prefecture.svg/33px-Flag_of_Yamagata_Prefecture.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Flag_of_Yamagata_Prefecture.svg/44px-Flag_of_Yamagata_Prefecture.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E5%BD%A2%E7%B8%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="山形縣">山形縣</a></td> <td><span lang="ja">山形県</span></td> <td><span lang="ja">やまがたけん</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E5%BD%A2%E5%B8%82" title="山形市">山形市</a> </td> <td>東北</td> <td>本州</td> <td align="right">1,118,468 </td> <td align="right">9,323.34</td> <td align="right">125 </td> <td align="right">8 </td> <td align="right">35</td> <td align="right">JP-06 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E5%8F%A3%E7%B8%A3" title="山口縣"><img alt="山口縣" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Yamaguchi_Prefecture.svg/22px-Flag_of_Yamaguchi_Prefecture.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Yamaguchi_Prefecture.svg/33px-Flag_of_Yamaguchi_Prefecture.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Yamaguchi_Prefecture.svg/44px-Flag_of_Yamaguchi_Prefecture.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E5%8F%A3%E7%B8%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="山口縣">山口縣</a></td> <td><span lang="ja">山口県</span></td> <td><span lang="ja">やまぐちけん</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E5%8F%A3%E5%B8%82" title="山口市">山口市</a> </td> <td>中国</td> <td>本州</td> <td align="right">1,408,588 </td> <td align="right">6,110.76</td> <td align="right">238 </td> <td align="right">5 </td> <td align="right">22</td> <td align="right">JP-35 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E6%A2%A8%E7%B8%A3" title="山梨縣"><img alt="山梨縣" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Yamanashi_Prefecture.svg/22px-Flag_of_Yamanashi_Prefecture.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Yamanashi_Prefecture.svg/33px-Flag_of_Yamanashi_Prefecture.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Yamanashi_Prefecture.svg/44px-Flag_of_Yamanashi_Prefecture.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E6%A2%A8%E7%B8%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="山梨縣">山梨縣</a></td> <td><span lang="ja">山梨県</span></td> <td><span lang="ja">やまなしけん</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B2%E5%BA%9C%E5%B8%82" title="甲府市">甲府市</a> </td> <td>中部</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E5%B7%9E" title="本州">本州</a></td> <td align="right">844,717 </td> <td align="right">4,465.37</td> <td align="right">193 </td> <td align="right">5 </td> <td align="right">28</td> <td align="right">JP-19 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-224"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-224">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">2017年数据</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-225"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-225">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">单位为<i>平方公里</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-226"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-226">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">单位为<i>人/平方公里</i></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="經濟"><span id=".E7.B6.93.E6.BF.9F"></span>經濟</h2></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" title="日本經濟">日本經濟</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E5%8F%B2" title="日本經濟史">日本經濟史</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Tokyo_Stock_Exchange_-_main_room_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/The_Tokyo_Stock_Exchange_-_main_room_3.jpg/170px-The_Tokyo_Stock_Exchange_-_main_room_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="245" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/The_Tokyo_Stock_Exchange_-_main_room_3.jpg/255px-The_Tokyo_Stock_Exchange_-_main_room_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/The_Tokyo_Stock_Exchange_-_main_room_3.jpg/340px-The_Tokyo_Stock_Exchange_-_main_room_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1388" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%AC%E8%AD%89%E5%88%B8%E4%BA%A4%E6%98%93%E6%89%80" title="東京證券交易所">東京證券交易所</a>的規模在世界前五大之內</figcaption></figure> <p>日本的經濟在<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="第二次世界大戰">第二次世界大戰</a>中受到毀滅性打擊,但在戰後快速復興。日本经济自1960年代开始持续长达30年的高度增长,被誉为“<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%88%98%E5%90%8E%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%A5%87%E8%BF%B9" title="日本战后经济奇迹">日本战后经济奇迹</a>”<sup id="cite_ref-227" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-227"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>221<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,目前绝大多数世界知名的日本<a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%A8%E5%9B%BD%E4%BC%81%E4%B8%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="跨国企业">跨国企业</a>都诞生于这一时期<sup id="cite_ref-228" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-228"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>222<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。从1990年代开始,由于过度<a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%95%E8%B5%84" title="投资">投资</a>所造成的資產膨脹以及<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%81%E5%88%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="证券">证券</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%BF%E5%9C%B0%E4%BA%A7" title="房地产">房地产</a>市场的「<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%B3%A1%E6%B2%AB%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E" title="日本泡沫经济">泡沫化</a>」,日本经济最終在逾放比過高與<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E5%9C%93" title="日圓">日圓</a>不斷升值下,<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A1%E6%B2%AB%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="泡沫經濟">泡沫經濟</a>崩溃,而政府改革经济的努力也沒有成效,被稱作「<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%B1%E5%8E%BB%E7%9A%84%E5%8D%81%E5%B9%B4" title="失去的十年">失去的十年</a>」。2002年2月以來日本经济的景氣景象一直擴大,創下了戰後最長的景氣復甦期紀錄<sup id="cite_ref-229" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-229"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>223<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>日本是一个自由<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%82%E5%9C%BA%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E" title="市场经济">市场经济</a>体,其科研能力、工業基礎和<a href="/wiki/%E8%A3%BD%E9%80%A0%E6%A5%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="製造業">製造業</a>技術在世界位居前茅<sup id="cite_ref-tkp_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tkp-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,同时也是当今世界第四大<a href="/wiki/%E5%87%BA%E5%8F%A3%E8%B4%B8%E6%98%93" title="出口贸易">出口</a>国和<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%9B%E5%8F%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="进口">进口</a>国<sup id="cite_ref-eww_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eww-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。日本经济发达,国民拥有很高的<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%B4%BB%E8%B4%A8%E9%87%8F" title="生活质量">生活品質</a><sup id="cite_ref-230" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-230"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>224<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。日本<a href="/wiki/GDP" class="mw-redirect" title="GDP">GDP</a>总量1968年超过<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="联邦德国">联邦德国</a>,自1968年至2009年,日本一直保持世界第二大经济体的地位<sup id="cite_ref-231" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-231"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>225<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>;2010年和2023年分别被<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="中华人民共和国">中华人民共和国</a>、德国超过,GDP总量退居世界第4位。2023年日本全國国内生产总值达4.2万亿美元;<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%9D%87%E5%9B%BD%E5%86%85%E7%94%9F%E4%BA%A7%E6%80%BB%E5%80%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="人均国内生产总值">人均国内生产总值</a>3.3万美元,在世界排第34名<sup id="cite_ref-imf2_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-imf2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。此外,日本還是世界最大的債權國,海外淨資產達到296.3兆<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E5%9C%93" title="日圓">日圓</a><sup id="cite_ref-232" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-232"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>226<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。日本经济的特点包括<a href="/wiki/%E8%A3%BD%E9%80%A0%E5%95%86" class="mw-redirect" title="製造商">製造商</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E4%BE%9B%E6%87%89%E5%95%86" class="mw-redirect" title="供應商">供應商</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%8F%E9%94%80%E5%95%86" class="mw-redirect" title="经销商">經銷商</a>的緊密结合、强大的企业联盟和對於僱員採用<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B4%E5%8A%9F%E5%BA%8F%E5%88%97" title="年功序列">年功序列制</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%82%E8%BA%AB%E5%83%B1%E7%94%A8%E5%88%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="終身僱用制">終身僱用制</a>等<sup id="cite_ref-233" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-233"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>227<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-234" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-234"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>228<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="產業結構"><span id=".E7.94.A2.E6.A5.AD.E7.B5.90.E6.A7.8B"></span>產業結構</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="第三產業"><span id=".E7.AC.AC.E4.B8.89.E7.94.A2.E6.A5.AD"></span>第三產業</h4></div> <p>日本的<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E4%BA%A7%E4%B8%9A" title="第三产业">第三产业</a>,特别是<a href="/wiki/%E9%8A%80%E8%A1%8C" title="銀行">银行业</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E8%9E%8D%E4%B8%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="金融业">金融业</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%88%AA%E9%81%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="航運">航运业</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E9%9A%AA" title="保險">保险业</a>及商业服务业对GDP贡献最大,佔全國GDP逾70%<sup id="cite_ref-235" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-235"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>229<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。东京是日本第一大城市和经济中心,也是2023年是世界GDP排名第二的都会区(仅次于纽约),同时也是世界顶级的金融、航运和服务中心。服务业是日本第三产业的核心,佔日本GDP逾70%<sup id="cite_ref-236" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-236"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>230<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>;日本2011年的服務貿易出口佔世界出口3.4%,排名全球第七<sup id="cite_ref-237" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-237"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>231<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>截至2016年,日本有219家公司名列<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%8C%E6%AF%94%E5%A3%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="富比士">富比士</a>全球企业2000强,佔總數10.95%<sup id="cite_ref-238" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-238"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>232<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%AC%E9%9B%BB%E5%8A%9B" title="東京電力">東京電力</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E9%9B%BB%E4%BF%A1%E9%9B%BB%E8%A9%B1" title="日本電信電話">NTT</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E8%8F%B1%E6%97%A5%E8%81%AF%E9%87%91%E8%9E%8D%E9%9B%86%E5%9C%98" title="三菱日聯金融集團">三菱UFJ</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E7%A9%97%E9%8A%80%E8%A1%8C" title="瑞穗銀行">瑞穗</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8E%E6%9D%91%E8%AD%89%E5%88%B8" title="野村證券">野村</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E8%8F%B1%E5%9C%B0%E6%89%80" title="三菱地所">三菱地所</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%AC%E6%B5%B7%E4%B8%8A%E6%8E%A7%E8%82%A1" title="東京海上控股">東京海上</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E4%BA%95%E4%BD%8F%E5%8F%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="三井住友">三井住友</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%97%85%E5%AE%A2%E9%90%B5%E8%B7%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="東日本旅客鐵路">JR東日本</a>、<a href="/wiki/7%26I%E6%8E%A7%E8%82%A1" title="7&I控股">7&I</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA" title="日本航空">日本航空</a>均是世界規模數一數二的公司<sup id="cite_ref-239" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-239"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>233<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。日本<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E8%8F%B1%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2" title="三菱集团">三菱</a>是世界上仅次于美国<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E7%94%A8%E9%9B%BB%E6%B0%A3%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="通用電氣公司">通用電氣公司</a>的超级企业财阀,2013年世界五百强企業中上榜的62家日本企業當中,就有5家屬<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E8%8F%B1%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2" title="三菱集团">三菱</a>旗下<sup id="cite_ref-240" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-240"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>234<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E8%8F%B1%E6%97%A5%E8%81%AF%E9%87%91%E8%9E%8D%E9%9B%86%E5%9C%98" title="三菱日聯金融集團">三菱日聯金融集團</a>為日本最大的金融機構,2013年時點的總資產達230兆日圓<sup id="cite_ref-FY2013_241-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FY2013-241"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>235<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,旗下的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E8%8F%B1UFJ%E9%8A%80%E8%A1%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="三菱UFJ銀行">三菱UFJ</a>也是日本以至<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="亞洲">亞洲</a>以資產計最大的銀行<sup id="cite_ref-242" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-242"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>236<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,<a href="/wiki/%E9%83%B5%E8%B2%AF%E9%8A%80%E8%A1%8C" title="郵貯銀行">郵貯銀行</a>則是世界上存款總額最庞大的金融機構<sup id="cite_ref-243" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-243"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>237<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E8%8F%B1UFJ%E9%87%91%E8%9E%8D%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="三菱UFJ金融集团">三菱UFJ金融集团</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E7%A9%97%E9%87%91%E8%9E%8D%E9%9B%86%E5%9C%98" title="瑞穗金融集團">瑞穗金融集团</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E4%BA%95%E4%BD%8F%E5%8F%8B%E9%87%91%E8%9E%8D%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="三井住友金融集团">三井住友金融集团</a>在世界金融界具有举足轻重的地位,是全球最大的海外贷款业者<sup id="cite_ref-244" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-244"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>238<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E4%BA%AC%E8%AF%81%E5%88%B8%E4%BA%A4%E6%98%93%E6%89%80" class="mw-redirect" title="东京证券交易所">东京证券交易所</a>也是仅次于<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%BD%E7%BA%A6%E8%AF%81%E5%88%B8%E4%BA%A4%E6%98%93%E6%89%80" title="纽约证券交易所">纽约证券交易所</a>的世界第二大证券交易所<sup id="cite_ref-fm_245-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fm-245"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>239<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>日本的旅游产业也非常发达,聯合國世界觀光組織報告指日本在2013年以24%的成長率成為世界旅遊成長最快速地點<sup id="cite_ref-246" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-246"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>240<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,而<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E8%AE%BA%E5%9D%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="世界经济论坛">世界经济论坛</a>发布的《旅游业竞争力报告2015》也指出,日本旅游竞争力在全球141个经济体中排行第9,位居亚洲第一<sup id="cite_ref-247" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-247"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>241<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。日本的服務和產品種類繁多,競爭激烈,因此廣告業亦非常興盛<sup id="cite_ref-248" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-248"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>242<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,也造就了行業龍頭<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E9%80%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="電通">電通</a>成為全球市佔率第五、淨收入第一的巨型廣告公司<sup id="cite_ref-249" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-249"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>243<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A8%E6%BC%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="动漫">动漫</a>是日本文化艺术的重要表现形式,作品具有鲜明的民族特色<sup id="cite_ref-日本動漫業成功得益于產業規劃_250-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-日本動漫業成功得益于產業規劃-250"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>244<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。日本製作的動畫節目佔全球播放的60%,因此日本享有「世界動漫王國」的美譽<sup id="cite_ref-251" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-251"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>245<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。1950年代以後,<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%BC%AB%E7%95%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="日本漫畫">漫畫</a>逐漸成為日本出版業的主要部分<sup id="cite_ref-Schodt_1996_252-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schodt_1996-252"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>246<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。2006年日本漫畫業績達到4810亿<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E5%9C%93" title="日圓">日圓</a><sup id="cite_ref-ComiPress_253-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ComiPress-253"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>247<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,而<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%8B%95%E7%95%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="日本動畫">日本動畫</a>2011年的海外業績亦達到177億日圓<sup id="cite_ref-254" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-254"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>248<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%8B%E8%91%89%E5%8E%9F" title="秋葉原">秋葉原</a>則是世界首屈一指的動漫及電器集散地點<sup id="cite_ref-255" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-255"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>249<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>日本的航空运输业也相当发达,东京的<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%AC%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E6%A9%9F%E5%A0%B4" title="東京國際機場">羽田机场</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%90%E7%94%B0%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%9C%BA%E5%9C%BA" title="成田国际机场">成田机场</a>的客货吞吐量均居世界前列,其中羽田机场2014年的旅客吞吐量在全球排前4名,是世界上最繁忙的机场之一<sup id="cite_ref-256" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-256"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>250<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。在2013年机场服务质量排名中,羽田机场位列世界第二<sup id="cite_ref-257" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-257"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>251<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,航班晚点率全球最低<sup id="cite_ref-258" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-258"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>252<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,而且是全球衛生情況最佳的機場<sup id="cite_ref-259" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-259"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>253<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。日本的四大航空公司<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA" title="日本航空">日本航空</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E7%A9%BA%E8%BC%B8" title="全日本空輸">全日空</a>、<a href="/wiki/Air_Do" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Do">Air Do</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E9%A6%AC%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA" title="天馬航空">天馬航空</a>为日本空中交通的重要标志。由於日本99.7%的原材料和商品均依賴海運進出口<sup id="cite_ref-260" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-260"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>254<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,水路交通一直被重視而且十分便利<sup id="cite_ref-261" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-261"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>255<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。日本全國一共有1020個各式的港口,當中屬於指定重要港灣的<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="超級中樞港灣" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="スーパー中枢港湾"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B6%85%E7%B4%9A%E4%B8%AD%E6%A8%9E%E6%B8%AF%E7%81%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="超級中樞港灣(页面不存在)">超級中樞港灣</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%91%E3%83%BC%E4%B8%AD%E6%9E%A2%E6%B8%AF%E6%B9%BE" class="extiw" title="ja:スーパー中枢港湾"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">スーパー中枢港湾</span></a></span>)</span></span>包括了「京濱港」(<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%AC%E6%B8%AF" title="東京港">東京港</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%A9%AB%E6%BF%B1%E6%B8%AF" title="橫濱港">橫濱港</a>)、「名四港」(<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8D%E5%8F%A4%E5%B1%8B%E6%B8%AF" title="名古屋港">名古屋港</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E6%97%A5%E5%B8%82%E6%B8%AF" title="四日市港">四日市港</a>)以及「阪神港」(<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%98%AA%E6%B8%AF" title="大阪港">大阪港</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E6%88%B6%E6%B8%AF" title="神戶港">神戶港</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-262" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-262"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>256<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="第二產業"><span id=".E7.AC.AC.E4.BA.8C.E7.94.A2.E6.A5.AD"></span>第二產業</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2017-03-07_Geneva_Motor_Show_1217.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/2017-03-07_Geneva_Motor_Show_1217.JPG/220px-2017-03-07_Geneva_Motor_Show_1217.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/2017-03-07_Geneva_Motor_Show_1217.JPG/330px-2017-03-07_Geneva_Motor_Show_1217.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/2017-03-07_Geneva_Motor_Show_1217.JPG/440px-2017-03-07_Geneva_Motor_Show_1217.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption>汽车是日本的主要产业。<a href="/wiki/%E5%87%8C%E5%BF%97" title="凌志">凌志</a> LS</figcaption></figure> <p>日本的主要工业範圍包括钢铁、汽车、造船、电子电器、化工、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%BA%E7%BB%87" class="mw-redirect" title="纺织">纺织</a>和食品加工等<sup id="cite_ref-263" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-263"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>257<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,當中<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%BD%E8%BD%A6%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="汽车工业">汽车工业</a>佔日本制造业總产值16%,其产业链延伸到<a href="/wiki/%E8%A3%BD%E9%80%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="製造">制造</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%94%80%E5%94%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="销售">销售</a>、维修保养、材料等广阔领域,与汽车工业相关的从业人员也佔了全国<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%B1%E4%B8%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="就业">就业</a>人数的10%,为日本国民提供了巨大就业机会,因而被稱為日本的「支柱产业」<sup id="cite_ref-264" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-264"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>258<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,也使日本成為全球第二大汽車出口國<sup id="cite_ref-265" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-265"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>259<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。此外,日本是世界最大的<a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3%E7%BA%96%E7%B6%AD" title="碳纖維">碳纖維</a>生產國,全球70%以上碳纖維產量均源自日本公司<sup id="cite_ref-266" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-266"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>260<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。日本的核发电量居世界第三位,僅次於<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="美國">美國</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="法國">法國</a><sup id="cite_ref-stats_267-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stats-267"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>261<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>日本的电子机械市場在基本上是由<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E7%AB%8B%E8%A3%BD%E4%BD%9C%E6%89%80" title="日立製作所">日立</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%BE%E4%B8%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="松下">松下</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%A2%E5%B0%BC" title="索尼">索尼</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E8%8A%9D" title="东芝">东芝</a>、<a href="/wiki/NEC" class="mw-redirect" title="NEC">NEC</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%8C%E5%A3%AB%E9%80%9A" title="富士通">富士通</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E8%8F%B1%E7%94%B5%E6%9C%BA" title="三菱电机">三菱电机</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%8F%E6%99%AE" title="夏普">夏普</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%B4%8B%E7%94%B5%E6%9C%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="三洋电机">三洋电机</a>等九大製造商瓜分,以电子电器产业和汽车工业为代表的制造业高速发展。<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%BD%E8%BD%A6" title="汽车">汽车</a>工业方面,日本汽车的生产量位全球第三,僅次於<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD" title="美国">美国</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="中国">中国</a><sup id="cite_ref-268" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-268"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>262<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,以<a href="/wiki/%E8%B1%90%E7%94%B0%E6%B1%BD%E8%BB%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="豐田汽車">丰田</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E8%87%AA%E8%BE%BE" title="马自达">马自达</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E7%94%B0%E6%8A%80%E7%A0%94%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%9A" title="本田技研工业">本田</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E4%BA%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="日产">日产</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9F%E9%9C%B8%E9%99%B8" title="速霸陸">速霸陸</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E8%8F%B1%E6%B1%BD%E8%BD%A6" title="三菱汽车">三菱汽车</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E9%87%8E%E6%B1%BD%E8%BD%A6" title="日野汽车">日野</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E5%8D%81%E9%88%B4" title="五十鈴">五十鈴</a>等公司的产品畅销全球。由于电子机械包括了洗衣机、电冰箱、灯光设备以及个人电脑等多個範疇,总生产额超过了日本整个机械工业的10%,因此也被視為汽车工业以外的第二個支柱产业<sup id="cite_ref-269" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-269"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>263<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="第一產業"><span id=".E7.AC.AC.E4.B8.80.E7.94.A2.E6.A5.AD"></span>第一產業</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rice_Paddies_In_Aizu,_Japan.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Rice_Paddies_In_Aizu%2C_Japan.JPG/220px-Rice_Paddies_In_Aizu%2C_Japan.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Rice_Paddies_In_Aizu%2C_Japan.JPG/330px-Rice_Paddies_In_Aizu%2C_Japan.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Rice_Paddies_In_Aizu%2C_Japan.JPG/440px-Rice_Paddies_In_Aizu%2C_Japan.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%9A%E6%B4%A5" title="会津">会津</a>的稻田</figcaption></figure> <p>日本的农业实行小型<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%BA%E6%A2%B0%E5%8C%96" title="机械化">机械化</a>,单位耕地产量世界第一<sup id="cite_ref-270" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-270"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>264<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。日本的<a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%BB%E7%B1%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="稻米">稻米</a>主要在日本海沿岸地區和東北地方生產<sup id="cite_ref-271" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-271"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>265<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,自给有余<sup id="cite_ref-272" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-272"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>266<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,而在<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%85%89%E7%B1%B3" title="越光米">越光米</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%8C%E5%A3%AB%E8%8B%B9%E6%9E%9C" title="富士苹果">富士蘋果</a>等農產品均聞名於世界。日本政府的農業政策除了會確保國內糧食穩定供應外,也推動農業現代化、農民收入穩定<sup id="cite_ref-273" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-273"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>267<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。日本渔业资源生产量佔全球15%,<a href="/wiki/%E6%8D%95%E9%AD%9A" title="捕魚">捕鱼</a>船隊規模居世界前列<sup id="cite_ref-cia_274-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia-274"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>268<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。日本的<a href="/wiki/%E6%A3%AE%E6%9E%97" title="森林">森林</a>覆盖率高达65%以上,是世界上森林覆盖率最高的国家之一<sup id="cite_ref-jtan_275-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jtan-275"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>269<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,但是由於林业主要著重於保護生态环境,因此工業上使用的<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E6%9D%90" title="木材">木材</a>基本使用进口资源,是世界上进口木材最多的国家<sup id="cite_ref-jtan_275-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jtan-275"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>269<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。此外,日本还是世界上<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%AB%E6%B5%B7" title="填海">填海</a>造陆面积最大的国家之一,有0.5%的國土面積來自填海<sup id="cite_ref-276" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-276"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>270<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="对外贸易"><span id=".E5.AF.B9.E5.A4.96.E8.B4.B8.E6.98.93"></span>对外贸易</h3></div> <p>外贸在国民经济中占有重要地位,日本是世界第四大出口国和进口国<sup id="cite_ref-eww_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eww-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。日本在1950年代确立了贸易立国方针,加入<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E8%B4%B8%E6%98%93%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" title="世界贸易组织">世界贸易组织</a>后開始跟大多数国家和地区进行自由贸易,这为日本对外贸易规模的扩大创造了有利的国内和国际条件。此后,日本的对外贸易迅猛增长,主要贸易对象为<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="中國大陸">中國大陸</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD" title="美国">美国</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" title="澳大利亚">澳大利亚</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E9%9F%93" class="mw-redirect" title="南韓">南韓</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF" title="香港">香港</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="台灣">台灣</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E5%9C%B0%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="沙地阿拉伯">沙地阿拉伯</a>等<sup id="cite_ref-eww_21-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eww-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,並在<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="東南亞">東南亞</a>市場具有重要的經貿地位。日本主要出口的商品包括<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%BD%E8%BD%A6" title="汽车">汽车</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E5%B0%8E%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="半導體">半導體</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%8B%BC%E9%90%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="鋼鐵">鋼鐵</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%91%E8%86%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="塑膠">塑膠</a>、化工产品等,而主要进口的产品則是<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E7%9F%B3%E8%83%BD%E6%BA%90" class="mw-redirect" title="化石能源">化石能源</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%BA%E6%A2%B0" title="机械">机械</a>、影音產品和<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%BA%E7%BB%87%E5%93%81" title="纺织品">纺织品</a>等<sup id="cite_ref-eww_21-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eww-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。目前中国大陸是日本最大的贸易伙伴<sup id="cite_ref-eww_21-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eww-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="基建和交通"><span id=".E5.9F.BA.E5.BB.BA.E5.92.8C.E4.BA.A4.E9.80.9A"></span>基建和交通</h3></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A" title="日本交通">日本交通</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Series-N700S-J2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Series-N700S-J2.jpg/220px-Series-N700S-J2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Series-N700S-J2.jpg/330px-Series-N700S-J2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Series-N700S-J2.jpg/440px-Series-N700S-J2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4816" data-file-height="3214" /></a><figcaption>日本新幹線(N700S系)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:JR_EAST_YAMANOTE_LINE_E235.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/JR_EAST_YAMANOTE_LINE_E235.jpg/220px-JR_EAST_YAMANOTE_LINE_E235.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/JR_EAST_YAMANOTE_LINE_E235.jpg/330px-JR_EAST_YAMANOTE_LINE_E235.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/JR_EAST_YAMANOTE_LINE_E235.jpg/440px-JR_EAST_YAMANOTE_LINE_E235.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3072" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E6%89%8B%E7%B7%9A" title="山手線">山手線</a> <a href="/wiki/JR%E6%9D%B1%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%ACE235%E7%B3%BB%E9%9B%BB%E5%8A%9B%E5%8B%95%E8%BB%8A%E7%B5%84" title="JR東日本E235系電力動車組">E235系</a><sup id="cite_ref-277" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-277"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>271<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>日本的交通以公路、<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E9%90%B5%E8%B7%AF%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%B8" title="日本鐵路運輸">铁路</a>、航空和水路为主<sup id="cite_ref-278" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-278"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>272<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,各种交通运输方式的技术水準和运输量均居世界前列。 </p><p>尽管国土狭小,日本的道路总长度居世界第五位<sup id="cite_ref-279" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-279"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>273<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,每百平方公里高速公路长度居世界前列。日本的<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E9%AB%98%E9%80%9F%E5%85%AC%E8%B7%AF" title="日本高速公路">高速公路</a>收費和徵稅都較其他國家高,但同時亦在公路維修和保養方面投放不少資源<sup id="cite_ref-280" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-280"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>274<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,節能方面也屬世界領先<sup id="cite_ref-281" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-281"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>275<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>日本在2012年的铁路运量達230.4億人次<sup id="cite_ref-282" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-282"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>276<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,為全球最繁忙的铁路网<sup id="cite_ref-283" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-283"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>277<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。东京是日本的海陸空交通总枢纽,同時擁有目前世界上最複雜、最密集且運輸流量最高的<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E5%8B%A4%E9%90%B5%E8%B7%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="通勤鐵路">通勤鐵路</a>系統,<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%AC%E7%9A%84%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%8B%E9%90%B5%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="東京的地下鐵系統">东京地铁</a>則是世界上流量最大的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E8%BB%8C%E9%81%93%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A" title="城市軌道交通">城市軌道交通</a>系统<sup id="cite_ref-284" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-284"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>278<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。此外,日本还是世界上<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%8B%E8%A1%97" title="地下街">地下街</a>最多的国家<sup id="cite_ref-285" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-285"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>279<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。日本的铁路密度亦处世界领先水準,且客運路線基本实现<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E6%B0%A3%E5%8C%96%E9%90%B5%E8%B7%AF" title="電氣化鐵路">电气化</a>。 </p><p>日本擁有1,020個港口<sup id="cite_ref-ports_286-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ports-286"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>280<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,数量雄居世界前列,为世界海运大国<sup id="cite_ref-287" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-287"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>281<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。為增加在國際海運市場的競爭力,目前日本政府將國內6大商港劃為3個「<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="超級中樞港灣" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="スーパー中枢港湾"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B6%85%E7%B4%9A%E4%B8%AD%E6%A8%9E%E6%B8%AF%E7%81%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="超級中樞港灣(页面不存在)">超級中樞港灣</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%91%E3%83%BC%E4%B8%AD%E6%9E%A2%E6%B8%AF%E6%B9%BE" class="extiw" title="ja:スーパー中枢港湾"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">スーパー中枢港湾</span></a></span>)</span></span>」,分別為「京濱港」(<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%AC%E6%B8%AF" title="東京港">東京港</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%A9%AB%E6%BF%B1%E6%B8%AF" title="橫濱港">橫濱港</a>)、「名四港」(<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8D%E5%8F%A4%E5%B1%8B%E6%B8%AF" title="名古屋港">名古屋港</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E6%97%A5%E5%B8%82%E6%B8%AF" title="四日市港">四日市港</a>)、以及「阪神港」(<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%98%AA%E6%B8%AF" title="大阪港">大阪港</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E6%88%B6%E6%B8%AF" title="神戶港">神戶港</a>),以協同作戰的方式應對周邊國家港口崛起的挑戰。 </p><p>日本的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%A4%8E%E5%BB%BA%E8%A8%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="基礎建設">基礎建設</a>完善,特別是交通建設上。1964年開通的<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%B9%B9%E7%B7%9A" title="新幹線">新幹線</a>是世界最早的高速鐵路<sup id="cite_ref-288" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-288"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>282<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,其中歷史最為悠久的<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E6%96%B0%E5%B9%B9%E7%B7%9A" title="東海道新幹線">東海道新幹線</a>更是世界上最繁忙的鐵道<sup id="cite_ref-289" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-289"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>283<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,全長515.4公里。連接<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E5%B7%9E" title="本州">本州</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93" title="北海道">北海道</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E5%87%BD%E9%9A%A7%E9%81%93" title="青函隧道">青函隧道</a>為目前世界上最長的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%BA%95%E9%9A%A7%E9%81%93" title="海底隧道">海底隧道</a>,全長3,911米的<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E7%9F%B3%E6%B5%B7%E5%B3%A1%E5%A4%A7%E6%A1%A5" title="明石海峡大桥">明石海峽大橋</a>則是世界上最長的<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8A%E6%A9%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="吊橋">吊橋</a><sup id="cite_ref-fc2web_290-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fc2web-290"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>284<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="供水和改善卫生设施"><span id=".E4.BE.9B.E6.B0.B4.E5.92.8C.E6.94.B9.E5.96.84.E5.8D.AB.E7.94.9F.E8.AE.BE.E6.96.BD"></span>供水和改善卫生设施</h4></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="日本的供水与改善卫生设施" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Water supply and sanitation in Japan"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%9B%E6%B0%B4%E4%B8%8E%E6%94%B9%E5%96%84%E5%8D%AB%E7%94%9F%E8%AE%BE%E6%96%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="日本的供水与改善卫生设施(页面不存在)">日本的供水与改善卫生设施</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_Japan" class="extiw" title="en:Water supply and sanitation in Japan"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Water supply and sanitation in Japan</span></a></span>)</span></span></div> <p>在日本,<a href="/wiki/%E4%BE%9B%E6%B0%B4" title="供水">供水</a>和卫生的责任由多个政府部门承担:<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9A%E7%94%9F%E5%8B%9E%E5%8B%95%E7%9C%81" title="厚生勞動省">厚生劳动省</a>负责家庭用水供应,<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%9C%9F%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A%E7%9C%81" class="mw-redirect" title="国土交通省">国土交通省</a>负责水资源开发和改善卫生设施建设,<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E7%9C%81" title="环境省">环境省</a>负责环境水质管理和环保工作,而<a href="/wiki/%E7%B8%BD%E5%8B%99%E7%9C%81" title="總務省">总务省</a>则负责公共设施的性能评估。<sup id="cite_ref-291" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-291"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>285<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>在日本,所有人都可以获得改善水源,大约98%的人口使用公共设施提供的自来水。<sup id="cite_ref-292" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-292"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>286<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="能源"><span id=".E8.83.BD.E6.BA.90"></span>能源</h3></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="日本能源" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Energy in Japan"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E8%83%BD%E6%BA%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="日本能源(页面不存在)">日本能源</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_in_Japan" class="extiw" title="en:Energy in Japan"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Energy in Japan</span></a></span>)</span></span></div> <p>截至2019年,日本的能源有37.1%来源于<a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E6%B2%B9" title="石油">石油</a>,25.1%来源于<a href="/wiki/%E7%85%A4%E7%82%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="煤炭">煤炭</a>,22.4%来源于<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E7%84%B6%E6%B0%94" title="天然气">天然气</a>,3.5%来源于<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E5%8A%9B%E5%8F%91%E7%94%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="水力发电">水力发电</a>,而<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E8%83%BD" class="mw-disambig" title="核能">核能</a>仅占2.8%,其余则来自其他能源。与2010年的11.2%相比,核能的使用已大幅下降。<sup id="cite_ref-293" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-293"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>287<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>尽管政府官员努力争取公众支持,以图恢复部分核电站的运营,但2011年3月<a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%8F%E5%B2%9B%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%A0%B8%E7%94%B5%E7%AB%99" class="mw-redirect" title="福岛第一核电站">福岛第一核电站</a>发生<a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%8F%E5%B2%9B%E6%A0%B8%E4%BA%8B%E6%95%85" class="mw-redirect" title="福岛核事故">重大核事故</a>之后,由于公众的强烈反对,截至2012年5月,日本国内的所有核电站均已停止运营。<sup id="cite_ref-294" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-294"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>288<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>不过,<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%99%E5%8F%B0%E6%A0%B8%E7%94%B5%E7%AB%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="仙台核电站(页面不存在)">仙台核电站</a>于2015年重新启动<sup id="cite_ref-295" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-295"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>289<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,此后,其他几座核电站也陆续恢复运营。<sup id="cite_ref-296" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-296"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>290<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>由于日本国内资源储备有限且高度依赖能源进口<sup id="cite_ref-297" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-297"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>291<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,因此,该国一直致力于能源多元化和提高能源使用效率。<sup id="cite_ref-298" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-298"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>292<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="創新科研"><span id=".E5.89.B5.E6.96.B0.E7.A7.91.E7.A0.94"></span>創新科研</h3></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80" title="日本科技">日本科技</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HONDA_ASIMO.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/HONDA_ASIMO.jpg/170px-HONDA_ASIMO.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/HONDA_ASIMO.jpg/255px-HONDA_ASIMO.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/HONDA_ASIMO.jpg/340px-HONDA_ASIMO.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption>由日本<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E7%94%B0%E6%8A%80%E7%A0%94%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%9A" title="本田技研工业">本田技研工业</a>於2000年所开发的<a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%BB%E4%BA%BA%E5%9E%8B%E6%9C%BA%E5%99%A8%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="类人型机器人">类人型机器人</a><a href="/wiki/ASIMO" title="ASIMO">ASIMO</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kibo_PM_and_ELM-PS.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Kibo_PM_and_ELM-PS.jpg/220px-Kibo_PM_and_ELM-PS.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Kibo_PM_and_ELM-PS.jpg/330px-Kibo_PM_and_ELM-PS.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Kibo_PM_and_ELM-PS.jpg/440px-Kibo_PM_and_ELM-PS.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2039" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E7%AB%99" class="mw-redirect" title="國際太空站">國際太空站</a>上的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E6%9C%9B%E8%99%9F%E5%AF%A6%E9%A9%97%E8%89%99" title="希望號實驗艙">希望号实验舱</a></figcaption></figure> <p>日本在全球百大创新力科研企业中佔28個席位,僅次於<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="美國">美國</a><sup id="cite_ref-299" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-299"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>293<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。日本全国有约70万的科研人员,每年的科研经费达1300亿<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%85%83" title="美元">美元</a>,高居全球第三<sup id="cite_ref-300" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-300"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>294<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。日本在電子、<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%8B%E6%A9%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="手機">手機</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E8%A8%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="通訊">通訊</a>、低耗能環保車、<a href="/wiki/%E6%A9%9F%E6%A2%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="機械">機械</a>、工業用<a href="/wiki/%E6%A9%9F%E5%99%A8%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="機器人">機器人</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="光學">光學</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8" title="化學">化學</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E5%B0%8E%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="半導體">半導體</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="金屬">金屬</a>等多項領域具世界領先技術且屢獲殊榮<sup id="cite_ref-301" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-301"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>295<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-302" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-302"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>296<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-303" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-303"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>297<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,並在<a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%BE%E8%B2%9D%E7%88%BE%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8%E7%8D%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="諾貝爾物理學獎">諾貝爾物理學獎</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%BE%E8%B2%9D%E7%88%BE%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E7%8D%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="諾貝爾化學獎">諾貝爾化學獎</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%BE%E8%B2%9D%E7%88%BE%E7%94%9F%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8%E6%88%96%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8%E7%8D%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="諾貝爾生理學或醫學獎">諾貝爾生理學或醫學獎</a>各有11人、7人、5人獲獎,自然科學三大獎(23人)人數為亞洲第一<sup id="cite_ref-304" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-304"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>298<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-305" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-305"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>299<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。此外,日本獲得其他國際科學大獎的人數,也都是亞洲第一。其包括<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%83%E5%B0%94%E5%A4%AB%E5%A5%96" title="沃尔夫奖">沃爾夫獎</a>(科學類8人)、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%8C%E8%98%AD%E5%85%8B%E6%9E%97%E7%8D%8E%E7%AB%A0" title="富蘭克林獎章">富蘭克林獎章</a>(12人)、<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%E5%85%8B%E5%A5%96" title="拉斯克奖">拉斯克獎</a>(7人)、<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%96%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7%E7%BA%B3%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E5%A5%96" title="盖尔德纳国际奖">蓋爾德納國際獎</a>(13人)、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E4%BC%AF%C2%B7%E6%9F%AF%E9%9C%8D%E7%8D%8E" title="羅伯·柯霍獎">羅伯·柯霍獎</a>(11人)以及<a href="/wiki/%E6%B9%AF%E6%A3%AE%E8%B7%AF%E9%80%8F%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A1%82%E5%86%A0%E7%8D%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="湯森路透引文桂冠獎">湯森路透引文桂冠獎</a>(26人)。 </p><p>日本工業用料的科技水準屬世界頂尖,目前日本為全球唯一能製造出第五代<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%95%E6%99%B6" title="单晶">單晶</a>的國家,如<a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%9E%E6%96%AF%E8%90%8A%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="勞斯萊斯">勞斯萊斯</a>的Trent系列<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BC%E5%8B%95%E6%A9%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="發動機">發動機</a>就是使用了進口自日本的單晶製造<sup id="cite_ref-306" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-306"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>300<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,而且日本的高科技发展也減低了<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%BD%E6%BA%90" title="能源">能源</a>和原材料的消耗,每工业生产单位产值所使用的能源和原材料均為世界最低<sup id="cite_ref-cass_307-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cass-307"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>301<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。另外,日本的工业用机器人产量占了世界一半以上,比次位的美國多出逾4倍<sup id="cite_ref-308" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-308"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>302<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,在工业机器人的制造、传动和<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%BA%E6%9C%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="伺服">伺服</a>技术上也屬領先地位<sup id="cite_ref-cass_307-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cass-307"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>301<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。日本用於军事技术的研究费用並不高,但相反地積極推行以民用技术为主的技术发展路线。在民用为主的技术发展路线之下,日本的科技研究以服務<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E7%94%9F" class="mw-disambig" title="民生">民生</a>為首要目標,科技力量主要集中于民间企业的研究开发机构<sup id="cite_ref-cass_307-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cass-307"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>301<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="太空事業"><span id=".E5.A4.AA.E7.A9.BA.E4.BA.8B.E6.A5.AD"></span>太空事業</h3></div> <p>在<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="太空">太空</a>科技方面,<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E4%BA%AC%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="东京大学">东京大学</a>在1955年发射了日本第一枚小型<a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E7%AE%AD" title="火箭">火箭</a>,隨後日本太空科技在<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BC%E6%A9%9F%E6%A7%8B" title="宇宙航空研究開發機構">宇宙航空研究開發機構</a>(JAXA)的領導下開始逐步發展<sup id="cite_ref-309" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-309"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>303<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,于1970年成功將<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%9A%85%E8%99%9F" title="大隅號">大隅號</a>卫星成功送入预定轨道,使日本成为世界上继美国、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94" title="苏联">苏联</a>和英国后第四个發射<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E9%80%A0%E8%A1%9B%E6%98%9F" title="人造衛星">人造衛星</a>上天的國家。踏入21世紀,日本太空科技迅速發展,2007年,日本顺利发射绕月探测卫星<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%89%E5%A4%9C%E5%A7%AC_(%E4%BA%BA%E9%80%A0%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F)" class="mw-redirect" title="辉夜姬 (人造卫星)">辉夜姬</a>,成为继美苏之后第3个成功发射<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%88%E7%90%83" title="月球">月球</a>探测器的国家;日本发射的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F" title="小行星">小行星</a>探测器<a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%BC%E9%B3%A5%E8%99%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="隼鳥號">隼鳥號</a>在2010年從<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F25143" title="小行星25143">小行星25143</a>返回地球,是首個在月球以外的星球着陆并安全歸來的人造航天器,已被<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E7%BA%AA%E5%BD%95%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="吉尼斯世界纪录大全">健力士世界纪录</a>认定為「世界上首架從小行星上帶回物質的探測器」。這些創舉都為日本跻身世界太空强国之列做出了貢獻<sup id="cite_ref-310" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-310"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>304<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="社会"><span id=".E7.A4.BE.E4.BC.9A"></span>社会</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="人口"><span id=".E4.BA.BA.E5.8F.A3"></span>人口</h3></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3" title="日本人口">日本人口</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98" title="日本人口问题">日本人口問題</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%8E%BF%E4%BB%BD%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E8%A1%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="日本县份人口表">日本縣份人口表</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tokyo_from_the_top_of_the_SkyTree.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tokyo_from_the_top_of_the_SkyTree.JPG/220px-Tokyo_from_the_top_of_the_SkyTree.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tokyo_from_the_top_of_the_SkyTree.JPG/330px-Tokyo_from_the_top_of_the_SkyTree.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tokyo_from_the_top_of_the_SkyTree.JPG/440px-Tokyo_from_the_top_of_the_SkyTree.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5999" data-file-height="3598" /></a><figcaption>從<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%AC%E6%99%B4%E7%A9%BA%E5%A1%94" title="東京晴空塔">東京晴空塔</a>的頂部俯瞰東京,这是全球人口最多的都會區</figcaption></figure> <p>2022年数据显示,日本总人口近1.25亿,其中日本国民约1.22亿。<sup id="cite_ref-311" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-311"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>305<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>其余人口由少数外国居民构成。<sup id="cite_ref-312" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-312"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>306<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>日本的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E5%AF%86%E5%BA%A6" title="人口密度">人口密度</a>約為每平方公里336.8人,其中又以太平洋沿岸地區與南部地區最為密集。在日本,除了<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="四國地方">四國地方</a>,各地方均有人口在100萬以上的大都市。主要都市都集中在沿海地區的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%8E%9F" title="平原">平原</a>,10%的日本國土集中了90%的日本人。全國80%的人口居住於城市或大城鎮,26%以上的人口居住在<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E9%97%9C%E6%9D%B1" title="南關東">首都圈</a>,49%以上的人口集中在大東京、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%AC%E9%98%AA%E7%A5%9E" title="京阪神">京阪神</a>、中京等三大都會圈,而東京都人口密度為每平方公里5,748人。現在東京<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E7%BE%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="城市群">城市群</a>(即首都圈)的人口達到3千6百70萬人以上,為世界上規模最大的都會區,但在都心地帶也引發了地價昂貴等問題,東京更是全球最貴的辦公地點之一。<sup id="cite_ref-313" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-313"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>307<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>而在農漁村,大量的青年離開本地前往都市,使這些地區逐漸出現過疏化和<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%81%E9%BE%84%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="老龄化">老齡化</a>問題<sup id="cite_ref-314" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-314"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>308<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>日本是全球<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E8%80%81%E9%BE%84%E5%8C%96" title="人口老龄化">老龄化</a>速度最快的国家,其老年人口比例也位居世界之首,占总人口的三分之一。<sup id="cite_ref-:0_315-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-315"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>309<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>这一现象是<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%88%98" class="mw-redirect" title="二战">二战</a>后<a href="/wiki/%E5%A9%B4%E5%84%BF%E6%BD%AE%E4%B8%96%E4%BB%A3" title="婴儿潮世代">婴儿潮</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A2%84%E6%9C%9F%E5%AF%BF%E5%91%BD" title="预期寿命">预期寿命</a>延长以及<a href="/wiki/%E5%87%BA%E7%94%9F%E7%8E%87" title="出生率">出生率</a>下降等多重因素共同作用的结果。<sup id="cite_ref-316" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-316"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>310<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>日本的<a href="/wiki/%E6%80%BB%E5%92%8C%E7%94%9F%E8%82%B2%E7%8E%87" title="总和生育率">总和生育率</a>仅为1.4,远低于2.1的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%91%E5%AD%90%E5%8C%96" title="少子化">更替水平</a>,位列全球最低生育率国家之一。<sup id="cite_ref-317" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-317"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>311<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>同时,日本的人口中位数年龄高达48.4岁,为全球最高。<sup id="cite_ref-318" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-318"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>312<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>截至2020年,超过四分之一的日本人口年龄超过65岁。随着越来越多年轻日本人选择不婚或无子,<sup id="cite_ref-:1_319-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-319"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>313<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-320" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-320"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>314<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>预计到2065年,日本人口将锐减至约8800万。<sup id="cite_ref-:0_315-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-315"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>309<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>日本平均<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%BF%E5%91%BD" title="寿命">壽命</a>位於世界前列,2016年平均壽命男性80.98歲,女性87.14歲<sup id="cite_ref-321" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-321"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>315<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9A%E7%94%9F%E5%8B%9E%E5%8B%95%E7%9C%81" title="厚生勞動省">厚生勞動省</a>發布,截至2022年9月1日日本100歲以上的人瑞高達9萬526人。<sup id="cite_ref-:2_322-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-322"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>316<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>人口结构的变化引发了一系列社会问题,尤其是劳动力减少和社会保障成本上升。<sup id="cite_ref-:1_319-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-319"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>313<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>日本即將面臨被扶養人口急劇增加、勞動力成本提高和福利體系負擔加重的危機。2019年7月10日,日本<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9A%E7%94%9F%E5%8B%9E%E5%8B%95%E7%9C%81" title="厚生勞動省">厚生勞動省</a>公布的日本人口數字較前一年減少43萬3,239人,日本人口持續負成長<sup id="cite_ref-#2_323-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-#2-323"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>317<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="日本政府">日本政府</a>预测,到2060年,劳动年龄人口与老年人口的比例将接近1:1。<sup id="cite_ref-324" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-324"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>318<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-325" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-325"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>319<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>人口下降將會影響日本的經濟及社會,日本也是世界勞動力缺口最嚴重的國家之一,但儘管面對如此嚴峻的情勢,日本政府目前婉拒大規模<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%BB%E6%B0%91" title="移民">移民</a>計劃<sup id="cite_ref-326" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-326"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>320<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,日本民眾更反對任何形式的長期居留,僅22%能夠接受移民,而日本的外國出生人口幾乎也都以鄰近的中國、朝鮮半島移民為主。從1990年開始,開放了外國工人參加日本的技術培訓計畫,但僅允许少量臨時移工。近年日本政府亦有意扩大接纳外国劳动力。自2019年特許「國際技能實習」以後,日本的定居勞工大增,社會逐漸與國際流動接觸,外籍政策已經開始鬆動,而日本也變成移民國家目的地,搬遷入籍與海外出生日本人入籍也逐漸開始呈上升趨勢,但由於經濟不振與日幣萎靡,還需要配套才能吸引人才來補充。<sup id="cite_ref-327" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-327"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>321<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>日本于2019年4月1日修订了移民法,以保障外国劳动者的权益,从而缓解某些行业的劳动力短缺问题。<sup id="cite_ref-328" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-328"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>322<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>截止2022年,92%的日本人生活在<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82" title="城市">城市</a>中,<sup id="cite_ref-329" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-329"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>323<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>日本的首都和最大城市东京都的人口数量达到1390万。<sup id="cite_ref-330" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-330"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>324<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>这座城市是<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%96%E9%83%BD%E5%9C%88_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" title="首都圈 (日本)">东京都市圈</a>的组成部分。东京都市圈是世界上最大的<a href="/wiki/%E9%83%BD%E5%B8%82%E5%8C%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="都市区">都市区</a>,2016年人口总数为38,140,000人。<sup id="cite_ref-331" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-331"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>325<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>日本是一个种和文化高度单一的社会,其中,主体民族<a href="/wiki/%E5%92%8C%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="和人">和人</a>占国家人口的98.1%。<sup id="cite_ref-332" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-332"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>326<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>该国的少数民族包括原住的<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E4%BC%8A%E5%8A%AA%E6%97%8F" title="阿伊努族">阿伊努族</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%90%89%E7%90%83%E6%97%8F" title="琉球族">琉球族</a>。<sup id="cite_ref-333" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-333"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>327<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 还有<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A8%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E4%BA%BA%E5%92%8C%E9%9F%A9%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA" title="在日朝鲜人和韩国人">在日朝鲜人</a>、<sup id="cite_ref-334" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-334"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>328<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA" title="日本華人">日本华人</a>、<sup id="cite_ref-335" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-335"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>329<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A8%E6%97%A5%E8%8F%B2%E5%BE%8B%E8%B3%93%E4%BA%BA" title="在日菲律賓人">在日菲律宾人</a>、<sup id="cite_ref-336" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-336"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>330<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 回流的<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%A3%94%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="日裔巴西人">日裔巴西人</a><sup id="cite_ref-337" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-337"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>331<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 和<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E8%A3%94%E7%A7%98%E9%B2%81%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="日本裔秘鲁人(页面不存在)">日裔秘鲁人</a><sup id="cite_ref-338" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-338"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>332<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 等也都是日本的少数族裔。此外,历史上受压迫的<a href="/wiki/%E9%83%A8%E8%90%BD%E6%B0%91" title="部落民">部落民</a>也是社会上的一个少数群体。<sup id="cite_ref-339" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-339"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>333<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="民族和語言"><span id=".E6.B0.91.E6.97.8F.E5.92.8C.E8.AA.9E.E8.A8.80"></span>民族和語言</h3></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" title="日本語言">日本語言</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E5%95%8F%E9%A1%8C" title="日本民族問題">日本民族問題</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r70089473/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:368px;max-width:368px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:187px;max-width:187px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_dialects-ja.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Japanese_dialects-ja.png/185px-Japanese_dialects-ja.png" decoding="async" width="185" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Japanese_dialects-ja.png/278px-Japanese_dialects-ja.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Japanese_dialects-ja.png/370px-Japanese_dialects-ja.png 2x" data-file-width="2030" data-file-height="1905" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">日本各地的<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="方言">方言</a>分布</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:177px;max-width:177px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Japan_Population_density_map-zhtw.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Japan_Population_density_map-zhtw.svg/175px-Japan_Population_density_map-zhtw.svg.png" decoding="async" width="175" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Japan_Population_density_map-zhtw.svg/263px-Japan_Population_density_map-zhtw.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Japan_Population_density_map-zhtw.svg/350px-Japan_Population_density_map-zhtw.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">日本人口密度</div></div></div></div></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AinuGroup.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/AinuGroup.JPG/220px-AinuGroup.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/AinuGroup.JPG/330px-AinuGroup.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/AinuGroup.JPG/440px-AinuGroup.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1223" /></a><figcaption>日本<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E4%BC%8A%E5%8A%AA%E6%97%8F" title="阿伊努族">阿伊努族</a>,1904年摄于日本东京</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Five_men_wearing_Ryukyuan_Dress.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Five_men_wearing_Ryukyuan_Dress.JPG/220px-Five_men_wearing_Ryukyuan_Dress.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Five_men_wearing_Ryukyuan_Dress.JPG/330px-Five_men_wearing_Ryukyuan_Dress.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e9/Five_men_wearing_Ryukyuan_Dress.JPG 2x" data-file-width="421" data-file-height="340" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E7%90%89%E7%90%83%E6%97%8F" title="琉球族">琉球族</a>男性</figcaption></figure> <p>根據<a href="/wiki/%E7%B8%BD%E5%8B%99%E7%9C%81" title="總務省">總務省</a>統計局公布,1億2,477萬6,364人(2019年1月)<sup id="cite_ref-#2_323-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-#2-323"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>317<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。雖然<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%92%8C%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="大和族">大和民族</a>佔日本人口的大多數,但嚴格意義上日本並非<a href="/wiki/%E5%96%AE%E4%B8%80%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="單一民族國家">單一民族國家</a>。由於日本在19世紀末以來開始接收移民和多次擴張領土,目前境內也存在數個少數民族,當中包括<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E4%BC%8A%E5%8A%AA%E6%97%8F" title="阿伊努族">阿伊努族</a>(約20萬人<sup id="cite_ref-340" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-340"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>334<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)、<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="日本朝鲜族">朝鮮人</a>(約82萬人<sup id="cite_ref-341" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-341"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>335<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)和<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA" title="日本華人">華人</a>(約92萬人<sup id="cite_ref-342" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-342"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>336<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>),另有因沒有統計項而數量不明的<a href="/wiki/%E7%90%89%E7%90%83%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="琉球人">琉球人</a>等(估計約187萬人)。在日本,大部分日本人和在日外國人都通<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="日語">日語</a>,現行的公用語言稱為標準語或共通語,以<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%B6" title="江戶">江戶</a>山手地區(今<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="東京">東京</a>中心一帶)的中流階層方言為基礎<sup id="cite_ref-343" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-343"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>337<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。在17世纪前,<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%AC%E9%83%BD" title="京都">京都</a>作為日本的政治和文化中心,當地的语言曾經是日本的标准语言。但是自從<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%B7%9D%E5%B9%95%E5%BA%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="德川幕府">德川幕府</a>统治日本後,<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="江户">江户</a>(即現今的<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="東京">東京</a>)的语言便成为日本的标准语<sup id="cite_ref-kataa_344-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kataa-344"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>338<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。日本各地也存在不同的方言,主要可分为<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="東日本方言" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="東日本方言"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%B1%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="東日本方言(页面不存在)">東日本方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" class="extiw" title="ja:東日本方言"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">東日本方言</span></a></span>)</span></span>和<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="西日本方言" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="西日本方言"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="西日本方言(页面不存在)">西日本方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" class="extiw" title="ja:西日本方言"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">西日本方言</span></a></span>)</span></span><sup id="cite_ref-kataa_344-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kataa-344"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>338<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,而兩者中較具代表性的包括了<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E7%95%BF%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="近畿方言">近畿方言</a>(關西腔)、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" title="东北方言 (日本)">東北方言</a>和混合了琉球語口音和詞彙的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%96%E7%B9%A9%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E" title="沖繩日語">沖繩日語</a>等。還有一些少數民族語言,主要有在<a href="/wiki/%E7%90%89%E7%90%83%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="琉球群島">琉球群島</a>地區<a href="/wiki/%E7%90%89%E7%90%83%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="琉球人">琉球人</a>使用的<a href="/wiki/%E7%90%89%E7%90%83%E8%AA%9E" title="琉球語">琉球語</a>及母語使用者不足100人的<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E4%BC%8A%E5%8A%AA%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="阿伊努人">阿伊努人</a>語言<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9B%E5%8A%AA%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="愛努語">愛努語</a><sup id="cite_ref-345" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-345"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>339<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="英語">英語</a>是日本國民教育中標準的項目之一,但因日語<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99" class="mw-redirect" title="音標">音標</a>一定會帶<a href="/wiki/A" title="A">a</a>、<a href="/wiki/I" title="I">i</a>、<a href="/wiki/U" title="U">u</a>、<a href="/wiki/E" title="E">e</a>、<a href="/wiki/O" title="O">o</a>五個<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%8D%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="母音">母音</a>音標的特性,加上日本人通常直接以<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E5%81%87%E5%90%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="日語假名">假名</a>音譯外來詞,導致日本人在英語<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BC%E9%9F%B3" title="發音">發音</a>上面(尤其是<a href="/wiki/R" title="R">r</a>和<a href="/wiki/L" title="L">l</a>音)普遍有一定程度上的不準確<sup id="cite_ref-346" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-346"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>340<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-347" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-347"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>341<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="宗教信仰"><span id=".E5.AE.97.E6.95.99.E4.BF.A1.E4.BB.B0"></span>宗教信仰</h3></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="日本宗教">日本宗教</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E9%81%93" title="神道">神道</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="日本佛教">佛教</a>是日本的主要宗教。現在大多數<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E4%BA%BA" title="日本人">日本人</a>心理上并沒有特定的宗教信仰,但是日本人生活中的許多儀式和活動都與神道和佛教有著密切的關係,例如<a href="/wiki/%E5%A9%9A%E7%A6%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="婚禮">婚禮</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%96%AA%E7%A6%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="喪禮">喪禮</a>等<sup id="cite_ref-348" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-348"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>342<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。《<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%9B%B8%E7%B4%80" title="日本書紀">日本書紀</a>》記述,佛教于552年傳入日本<sup id="cite_ref-349" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-349"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>343<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,其後在<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E5%BE%B7%E5%A4%AA%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="圣德太子">圣德太子</a>的積極推广下在日本迅速传播开来<sup id="cite_ref-350" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-350"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>344<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。神道則是在日本本土所發展出來的宗教,<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E7%A4%BE" title="神社">神社</a>是祭神的場所,神道最主要的神為<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E7%85%A7%E5%A4%A7%E7%A5%9E" title="天照大神">天照大神</a>,是<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E7%9A%87%E5%AE%A4" title="日本皇室">日本皇室</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%96%E9%9D%88" class="mw-redirect" title="祖靈">祖靈</a>,此外,也認為自然界<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%9B%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96" title="泛靈論">萬物皆有神</a><sup id="cite_ref-351" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-351"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>345<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。目前最多日本人信奉神道,佛教排第二,由於幾個世紀以來的<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E4%BD%9B%E7%BF%92%E5%90%88" title="神佛習合">神佛習合</a>,許多人同時信奉神道與佛教<sup id="cite_ref-352" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-352"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>346<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99" title="基督教">基督宗教</a>在1549年進入日本(當時的<a href="/wiki/%E5%82%B3%E6%95%99%E5%A3%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="傳教士">傳教士</a>均屬<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="天主教會">天主教會</a>),至17世紀初大約有75萬名教徒;然而後來<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%B7%9D%E5%B9%95%E5%BA%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="德川幕府">德川幕府</a>實行<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="日本禁教令" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="禁教令"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E7%A6%81%E6%95%99%E4%BB%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="日本禁教令(页面不存在)">禁教</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A6%81%E6%95%99%E4%BB%A4" class="extiw" title="ja:禁教令"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">禁教令</span></a></span>)</span></span>政策,並迫害<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E5%BE%92" title="基督徒">信徒</a>及傳教士,直到19世紀後期日本解除<a href="/wiki/%E9%94%81%E5%9B%BD_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" title="锁国 (日本)">鎖國</a>後,傳教活動才再次興盛於日本。現在日本經過正式<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%97%E6%B4%97" class="mw-redirect" title="受洗">受洗</a>的基督宗教信徒不超過總人口的1%,但因其常佔有較高<a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E7%B6%93%E5%9C%B0%E4%BD%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="社經地位">社經地位</a>,故社會影響力遠大於此比例<sup id="cite_ref-353" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-353"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>347<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,其中最大的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E6%B4%BE%E7%B3%BB" title="基督教派系">宗派</a>為<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="日本基督教會 (戰後)" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="日本キリスト教会"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83_(%E6%88%B0%E5%BE%8C)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="日本基督教會 (戰後)(页面不存在)">日本基督教會</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E3%82%AD%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A" class="extiw" title="ja:日本キリスト教会"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">日本キリスト教会</span></a></span>)</span></span>(新日基)。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%95%99" title="伊斯兰教">伊斯兰教</a>在20世纪初期從<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E6%96%AF%E6%9B%BC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="奧斯曼帝國">奧斯曼帝國</a>传入日本<sup id="cite_ref-354" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-354"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>348<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,目前日本的穆斯林约有12.6万人,以外籍人士居多,日籍穆斯林不足一万。分别在东京、神户、名古屋和福冈四地拥有一定规模的清真寺,其中以<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%AC%E5%A4%A7%E6%B8%85%E7%9C%9F%E5%AF%BA" title="東京大清真寺">东京清真寺</a>最为著名<sup id="cite_ref-355" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-355"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>349<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="建筑"><span id=".E5.BB.BA.E7.AD.91"></span>建筑</h3></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91" class="mw-redirect" title="日本建筑">日本建筑</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tokyo_Skytree_2014_%E2%85%A2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Tokyo_Skytree_2014_%E2%85%A2.jpg/220px-Tokyo_Skytree_2014_%E2%85%A2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="337" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Tokyo_Skytree_2014_%E2%85%A2.jpg/330px-Tokyo_Skytree_2014_%E2%85%A2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Tokyo_Skytree_2014_%E2%85%A2.jpg/440px-Tokyo_Skytree_2014_%E2%85%A2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1632" data-file-height="2500" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%AC%E6%99%B4%E7%A9%BA%E5%A1%94" title="東京晴空塔">东京晴空塔</a>为現時的「世界第一高塔」,亦为世界第二高的人工构造物</figcaption></figure> <p>日本建築擁有久遠的歷史,最早在6世紀受到<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89" title="中國建築">中國建築</a>的影響,<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="佛教">佛教</a>在傳入日本時同時帶入中國<a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="隋">隋</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E6%9C%9D" title="唐朝">唐</a>的建築技術與風格,大量興建<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E5%AF%BA" title="佛寺">佛寺</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%AE%E6%AE%BF" title="宮殿">宮殿</a>,隨後慢慢發展出屬於日本的獨特風格。自16世紀起,府邸和城樓取代佛寺成為主要建築活動,<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%8E%E5%A0%A1" title="城堡">城堡</a>在江戶時代已演變為地方的政治與經濟中心,各大城市的富有人家也開始興建不同規模與風格的府邸<sup id="cite_ref-356" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-356"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>350<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>日本在<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E6%B2%BB%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="明治時代">明治時代</a>開始引入西方的建築技巧、材料和風格,建造與傳統風格有極大差別的<a href="/wiki/%E9%8B%BC%E9%90%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="鋼鐵">鋼鐵</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E6%B3%A5" title="水泥">水泥</a>建築<sup id="cite_ref-357" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-357"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>351<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。二战前最早的日本建筑受到西方影响,材料、功能、结构和比例之间的关系得到最大限度的发展,<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="第二次世界大戰">二戰</a>後,重建的城市與舊有的建築樣貌完全不同,逐而發展出現代的日本城市建築風格。1950至1960年代奠定日本建筑发展的基调,日本建築師開始在早期基礎上寻找日本建筑文化与西方建筑理念之间重叠的部分,互相替換<sup id="cite_ref-df_358-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-df-358"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>352<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,得出的成品既和西方建筑融为一体,但也有日本自己的特色<sup id="cite_ref-359" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-359"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>353<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。同一時期,日本經濟快速成長,許多城市建築(例如<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%AC%E9%90%B5%E5%A1%94" class="mw-redirect" title="東京鐵塔">東京鐵塔</a>)都是在20世紀中後期興建的,當時是日本建築<a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%97%E9%87%8E%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="粗野主义">粗野</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91" title="现代主义建筑">现代主义建築</a>的最興盛時期,代表建築包括在1961年落成的<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%AC%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E6%9C%83%E9%A4%A8" title="東京文化會館">東京文化會館</a><sup id="cite_ref-360" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-360"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>354<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>日本建筑对自然环境的关注、日本传统文化的坚持以及东西方建築風格之间的平衡是其較為重要的特點<sup id="cite_ref-df_358-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-df-358"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>352<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。1991年,具<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8E%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="后现代主义">後現代</a>風格的<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%AC%E9%83%BD%E5%BB%B3%E8%88%8D" title="東京都廳舍">東京都廳舍</a>完工,掀起日本的<a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E5%A4%A9%E5%A4%A7%E6%A8%93" title="摩天大樓">摩天大樓</a>風潮,其後<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%AC%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E8%AB%96%E5%A3%87%E5%A4%A7%E6%A8%93" class="mw-redirect" title="東京國際論壇大樓">東京國際論壇大樓</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AD%E6%9C%AC%E6%9C%A8%E6%96%B0%E5%9F%8E" title="六本木新城">六本木新城</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%AC%E6%99%B4%E7%A9%BA%E5%A1%94" title="東京晴空塔">東京晴空塔</a>等地標性建築逐一落成,標誌著日本建築已走出一条与西方建筑体系不同、充滿本土色彩的风格,正式踏入一個新時代<sup id="cite_ref-df_358-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-df-358"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>352<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-361" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-361"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>355<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="醫療"><span id=".E9.86.AB.E7.99.82"></span>醫療</h3></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E5%81%A5%E5%BA%B7%E4%BF%9D%E9%9A%AA" title="日本國民健康保險">日本國民健康保險</a></div> <p>日本的<a href="/wiki/%E9%86%AB%E7%99%82%E4%BF%9D%E9%9A%AA" title="醫療保險">醫療保險</a>制度始建于1922年,當時新通過的健康保險法建立了以受僱者爲對象的醫療保險制度,其後1938年頒布的《國民健康保險法》則建立了以自營業者、農民爲對象的國民健康保險制度。1961年,日本政府提出所有國民都有義務加入國民健康保險,從而日本實現了全民醫療保障<sup id="cite_ref-selfg_362-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-selfg-362"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>356<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。1973年,70歲以上長者開始獲政府提供免費醫療服務<sup id="cite_ref-363" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-363"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>357<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,同年也新設了高額治療護理費支付制度和提高了<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E5%A8%A9" title="分娩">分娩</a>費和喪葬費<sup id="cite_ref-selfg_362-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-selfg-362"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>356<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。日本的醫療保險主要分為國民健康保險(地區保險)和受僱者保險,前者覆蓋普通國民,如<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%B2%E6%B0%91" title="農民">農民</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E5%83%B1" title="自僱">自僱</a>人士和<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%80%E4%BC%91" title="退休">退休</a>人士等,後者則只覆蓋現職人士<sup id="cite_ref-selfg_362-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-selfg-362"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>356<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。兩種保險均需要患者負擔一定比例的費用,但是只要在社會保障指定<a href="/wiki/%E9%86%AB%E9%99%A2" title="醫院">醫院</a>看病,受僱者保險將會負擔其診療費80%,而地區保險也會負擔醫療費的70%、<a href="/wiki/%E9%96%80%E8%A8%BA" title="門診">門診</a>費的70%和退休人員住院費的80%<sup id="cite_ref-selfg_362-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-selfg-362"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>356<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,病人也可以自己選擇屬意的醫生和醫院<sup id="cite_ref-364" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-364"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>358<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="教育"><span id=".E6.95.99.E8.82.B2"></span>教育</h3></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2" title="日本教育">日本教育</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="日本大学列表">日本大学列表</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yasuda_Auditorium_-_Tokyo_University_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Yasuda_Auditorium_-_Tokyo_University_3.jpg/220px-Yasuda_Auditorium_-_Tokyo_University_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Yasuda_Auditorium_-_Tokyo_University_3.jpg/330px-Yasuda_Auditorium_-_Tokyo_University_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Yasuda_Auditorium_-_Tokyo_University_3.jpg/440px-Yasuda_Auditorium_-_Tokyo_University_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="1785" /></a><figcaption>2022年全球<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E6%8E%92%E5%90%8D" title="大學排名">大學排名</a>第23位的<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%AC%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="東京大學">東京大學</a>(安田講堂)</figcaption></figure> <p>日本實行小學校6年、中學校3年的義務教育,大部分學生在接受完義務教育後還會繼續進入<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E4%B8%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="高中">高等學校</a>。2010年高等學校就學率為98%,位列全球第一<sup id="cite_ref-365" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-365"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>359<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8" title="大學">大學</a>就學率也高達45.5%<sup id="cite_ref-366" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-366"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>360<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。日本的<a href="/wiki/%E8%AD%98%E5%AD%97%E7%8E%87" class="mw-redirect" title="識字率">識字率</a>亦為全球之冠,達到99%<sup id="cite_ref-367" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-367"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>361<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。第二次世界大战之后,日本陆续开始普及6年<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E5%AD%A6" title="小学">小学</a>,3年中学的9年制义务教育。1970年代,<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E4%B8%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="高中">高中</a>教育普及化,直到20世纪末,<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="大学">大学</a>教育也开始逐步普及<sup id="cite_ref-student_368-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-student-368"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>362<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>21世纪開始,日本将教育大众化逐步迈向重点发展研究生教育,目標是要把研究生的人数從20世纪末的10万翻增加至20万<sup id="cite_ref-student_368-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-student-368"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>362<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。国民<a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%82%E8%BA%AB%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="終身教育">终身教育</a>也是21世纪日本教育的新亮点,<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="公民馆" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="公民館"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%AC%E6%B0%91%E9%A6%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="公民馆(页面不存在)">公民馆</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E6%B0%91%E9%A4%A8" class="extiw" title="ja:公民館"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">公民館</span></a></span>)</span></span>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BE%E4%B9%A6%E9%A6%86" title="图书馆">图书馆</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A6%86" title="博物馆">博物馆</a>等公共教育文化体系已经遍布日本各地。學校皆有配設校園護理站,作為學生傷病時的第一時間對策中心。 </p><p>日本的小學校和中學校幾乎都有戶外<a href="/wiki/%E6%93%8D%E5%A0%B4" title="操場">操場</a>,不過高校則不一定。大約90%學校有健身室,85%學校有戶外<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%B8%E6%B3%B3%E6%B1%A0" title="游泳池">游泳池</a>。截至2006年,日本有青少年活动中心1,320个,公民馆17,143个,博物馆1,196个和公共图书馆2,979个<sup id="cite_ref-student_368-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-student-368"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>362<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="體育"><span id=".E9.AB.94.E8.82.B2"></span>體育</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ajinomoto_Stadium_Panorama.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Ajinomoto_Stadium_Panorama.jpg/220px-Ajinomoto_Stadium_Panorama.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Ajinomoto_Stadium_Panorama.jpg/330px-Ajinomoto_Stadium_Panorama.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Ajinomoto_Stadium_Panorama.jpg/440px-Ajinomoto_Stadium_Panorama.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="1590" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%AC%E9%AB%94%E8%82%B2%E5%A0%B4" title="東京體育場">东京体育场</a>為<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E4%BA%AC%E8%B6%B3%E7%90%83%E4%BF%B1%E4%B9%90%E9%83%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="东京足球俱乐部">东京足球俱乐部</a>的主場館</figcaption></figure> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E9%AB%94%E8%82%B2" title="日本體育">日本體育</a></div> <p>日本自古以來即重視各種武術,<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B8%E6%92%B2" title="相撲">相撲</a>是日本的傳統運動,在《<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E4%BA%8B%E8%A8%98" title="古事記">古事記</a>》和《<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%9B%B8%E7%B4%80" title="日本書紀">日本書紀</a>》中已有記載,且有「國技」之稱<sup id="cite_ref-369" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-369"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>363<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。現在日本每年舉行6次<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E7%9B%B8%E6%92%B2" title="大相撲">大相撲</a>競賽;相撲運動員被稱為「<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%9B%E5%A3%AB" title="力士">力士</a>」,其中等級最高者為「<a href="/wiki/%E6%A9%AB%E7%B6%B1" title="橫綱">橫綱</a>」。此外<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%94%E9%81%93" title="柔道">柔道</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E6%89%8B%E9%81%93" title="空手道">空手道</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%8D%E9%81%93" title="劍道">劍道</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%BC%93%E9%81%93" class="mw-redirect" title="日本弓道">弓道</a>也是日本的傳統體育項目,擁有很高的地位。空手道是日本传统格斗术结合琉球武术唐手而形成的,起源于日本武道和其琉球地区的唐手。唐手是中国武术传入琉球,结合当地武术琉球手发展而成的,而日本本土人又将九州、本州的摔、投等格斗技与唐手相结合,最终形成空手道。二战之后通过美军宣传而在全世界广泛传播。空手道当中包含踢、打、摔、拿、投、锁、绞、逆技、点穴等多种技术,一些流派中还练习武器术。<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%94%E9%81%93" title="柔道">柔道</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E6%89%8B%E9%81%93" title="空手道">空手道</a>甚至影響不少外國<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A6%E8%A1%93" title="武術">武術</a>,如<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%93%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="韓國">韓國</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%86%E6%8B%B3%E9%81%93" title="跆拳道">跆拳道</a>受<a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E6%89%8B%E9%81%93" title="空手道">空手道</a>部份影響<sup id="cite_ref-370" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-370"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>364<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%94%E9%81%93" title="柔道">柔道</a>則影響<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%E6%9F%94%E6%9C%AF" title="巴西柔术">巴西柔術</a><sup id="cite_ref-stanlei12_371-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stanlei12-371"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>365<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E6%93%92%E6%8B%BF%E8%A1%93" class="mw-redirect" title="俄羅斯擒拿術">俄羅斯擒拿術</a><sup id="cite_ref-372" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-372"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>366<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E6%B2%BB%E7%B6%AD%E6%96%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="明治維新">明治維新</a>後,西方體育運動透過教育系統進入日本并普及<sup id="cite_ref-373" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-373"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>367<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,其中以<a href="/wiki/%E6%A3%92%E7%90%83" title="棒球">棒球</a>最為發達盛行,始于1936年的<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%A3%92%E7%90%83" title="日本棒球">日本職業棒球聯賽</a><sup id="cite_ref-374" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-374"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>368<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>孕育<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E8%B2%9E%E6%B2%BB" title="王貞治">王貞治</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%95%B7%E5%B3%B6%E8%8C%82%E9%9B%84" class="mw-redirect" title="長島茂雄">長島茂雄</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%88%B4%E6%9C%A8%E4%B8%80%E6%9C%97" title="鈴木一朗">鈴木一朗</a>等棒球巨星,在日本享有“國球”地位<sup id="cite_ref-xhsp_375-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-xhsp-375"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>369<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。除了職業棒球之外,由高中生參加的<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%B8%E6%8B%94%E9%AB%98%E7%AD%89%E5%AD%B8%E6%A0%A1%E9%87%8E%E7%90%83%E5%A4%A7%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="選拔高等學校野球大會">選拔高等學校野球大會</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%A5%E5%AD%A3%E7%94%B2%E5%AD%90%E5%9C%92" class="mw-redirect" title="春季甲子園">春季甲子園</a>大賽)與<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E5%9C%8B%E9%AB%98%E7%AD%89%E5%AD%B8%E6%A0%A1%E9%87%8E%E7%90%83%E9%81%B8%E6%89%8B%E6%AC%8A%E5%A4%A7%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="全國高等學校野球選手權大會">全國高等學校野球選手權大會</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%8F%E5%AD%A3%E7%94%B2%E5%AD%90%E5%9C%92" class="mw-redirect" title="夏季甲子園">夏季甲子園</a>大賽)也頗負盛名,全國超過4000所高中當中只有獲得各地區冠軍的49所學校能夠突圍而出,在兩周的比賽中決出冠軍,因此在甲子園登場代表高中生的“終極榮耀”,<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%AA%E7%A5%9E%E7%94%B2%E5%AD%90%E5%9C%92%E7%90%83%E5%A0%B4" title="阪神甲子園球場">甲子園</a>亦被視為日本體育乃至日本精神的一種象徵<sup id="cite_ref-xhsp_375-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-xhsp-375"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>369<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>日本的<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E8%81%B7%E6%A5%AD%E8%B6%B3%E7%90%83%E8%81%AF%E8%B3%BD" title="日本職業足球聯賽">職業足球聯賽</a>成立于1992年,平均每年有30萬人次入場觀賽<sup id="cite_ref-376" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-376"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>370<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,而日本也在2002年與韓國共同舉辦<a href="/wiki/2002%E5%B9%B4%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E7%9B%83%E8%B6%B3%E7%90%83%E8%B3%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="2002年世界盃足球賽">韓日世界盃</a>。<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E8%B6%B3%E7%90%83%E9%9A%8A" title="日本國家足球隊">日本國家足球隊</a>是亞洲實力最強的足球隊之一<sup id="cite_ref-377" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-377"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>371<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,總計贏得4次<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E7%9B%83%E8%B6%B3%E7%90%83%E8%B3%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="亞洲盃足球賽">亞洲盃</a>,並連續6屆殺入<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E7%9B%83%E8%B6%B3%E7%90%83%E8%B3%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="世界盃足球賽">世界盃</a>决赛圈,水平與歐洲次級國家看齊<sup id="cite_ref-378" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-378"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>372<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>;<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%A5%B3%E5%AD%90%E8%B6%B3%E7%90%83%E9%9A%8A" title="日本國家女子足球隊">日本國家女子足球隊</a>也在2011年<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%B3%E8%B6%B3%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E6%9D%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="女足世界杯">女足世界杯</a>决赛取得冠军,成为首支赢得女足世界冠军的亚洲球队<sup id="cite_ref-379" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-379"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>373<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。時至今日,西方的<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E7%88%BE%E5%A4%AB%E7%90%83" title="高爾夫球">高爾夫球</a><sup id="cite_ref-380" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-380"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>374<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%B2%E7%90%83" class="mw-redirect" title="網球">網球</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%BB%91%E9%9B%AA" title="滑雪">滑雪</a>等運動在日本也頗為流行。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="媒體"><span id=".E5.AA.92.E9.AB.94"></span>媒體</h3></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%AA%92%E9%AB%94" title="日本媒體">日本媒體</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shinkansen_and_Himeji_Station_M9_56.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Shinkansen_and_Himeji_Station_M9_56.jpg/220px-Shinkansen_and_Himeji_Station_M9_56.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Shinkansen_and_Himeji_Station_M9_56.jpg/330px-Shinkansen_and_Himeji_Station_M9_56.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Shinkansen_and_Himeji_Station_M9_56.jpg/440px-Shinkansen_and_Himeji_Station_M9_56.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2496" data-file-height="1664" /></a><figcaption>日本有五家全國性報紙:(左起)產經、讀賣、每日、朝日、日經</figcaption></figure> <p>日本是世界第一<a href="/wiki/%E5%A0%B1%E7%B4%99" title="報紙">報業</a>大國<sup id="cite_ref-381" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-381"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>375<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,報紙在日常生活中擁有很高的地位,世界上仅有的兩份日發行量超過一千萬份的報紙《<a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%80%E8%B3%A3%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E" title="讀賣新聞">讀賣新聞</a>》與《<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E6%97%A5%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E" title="朝日新聞">朝日新聞</a>》皆為日本報紙<sup id="cite_ref-382" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-382"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>376<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。現在日本共有五家全國性報紙,分別是《讀賣新聞》《朝日新聞》《<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%8F%E6%97%A5%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E" title="每日新聞">每日新聞</a>》《<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E" title="日本經濟新聞">日本經濟新聞</a>》和《<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%A2%E7%B6%93%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E" title="產經新聞">產經新聞</a>》。地方報也有相當實力,其中以《<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%97%A5%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E" title="中日新聞">中日新聞</a>》發行量最大<sup id="cite_ref-383" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-383"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>377<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>日本家庭的電視滲透率達99.7%<sup id="cite_ref-384" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-384"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>378<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。由于法令限制,能覆蓋日本全國的電視台只有公營的<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%94%BE%E9%80%81%E5%8D%94%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="日本放送協會">日本放送協會</a>(NHK)<sup id="cite_ref-385" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-385"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>379<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,而五間最主要的<a href="/wiki/%E5%95%86%E6%A5%AD%E5%AA%92%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="商業媒體">商業媒體</a>則包括<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E9%9B%BB%E8%A6%96%E5%8F%B0" title="日本電視台">日本電視台</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E6%97%A5%E9%9B%BB%E8%A6%96%E5%8F%B0" title="朝日電視台">朝日電視台</a>、<a href="/wiki/TBS%E9%9B%BB%E8%A6%96%E5%8F%B0" title="TBS電視台">TBS電視台</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%AC%E9%9B%BB%E8%A6%96%E5%8F%B0" title="東京電視台">東京電視台</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%8C%E5%A3%AB%E9%9B%BB%E8%A6%96%E5%8F%B0" title="富士電視台">富士電視台</a>,形成公營媒體與民營媒體并存的「1+5」雙元結構<sup id="cite_ref-zq08_386-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zq08-386"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>380<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。五大民營電視台稱為<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E5%BF%83%E5%B1%80" title="核心局">核心局</a>,各核心局在日本全國各地成立地方電視台,各自實行本地播放與獨立編制<sup id="cite_ref-zq08_386-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zq08-386"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>380<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。除了新聞報導和少數特別節目外,日本大多數電視節目均以「製播分離」的方式經節目製作公司統一製作節目,再由核心局透過<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%A6%96%E8%81%AF%E6%92%AD%E7%B6%B2#日本" title="電視聯播網">電視聯播網</a>與地方電視台進行共享播放<sup id="cite_ref-zq08_386-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zq08-386"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>380<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。日本放送協會定期向居民以及商戶徵收電視費,因此日本基本上沒有免費電視台<sup id="cite_ref-nhkMan_387-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nhkMan-387"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>381<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>日本是亞洲首個完成電視數碼化的國家<sup id="cite_ref-388" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-388"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>382<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。日本大部分地區的電視台已經於2011年7月24日由<a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%A1%E6%93%AC%E9%9B%BB%E8%A6%96" class="mw-redirect" title="模擬電視">模擬電視</a>制式轉換為<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B8%E7%A2%BC%E9%9B%BB%E8%A6%96" class="mw-redirect" title="數碼電視">數碼電視</a>,受<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%A4%A7%E9%9C%87%E7%81%BD" title="東日本大震災">東日本大震災</a>影響的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B2%A9%E6%89%8B%E7%B8%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="岩手縣">岩手縣</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%AE%E5%9F%8E%E7%B8%A3" title="宮城縣">宮城縣</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%8F%E5%B3%B6%E7%B8%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="福島縣">福島縣</a>的地方電視台亦於2012年3月31日終止模擬廣播<sup id="cite_ref-389" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-389"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>383<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,象徵日本正式邁入電視數碼化時代<sup id="cite_ref-390" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-390"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>384<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="文化"><span id=".E6.96.87.E5.8C.96"></span>文化</h2></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96" title="日本文化">日本文化</a></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">参见:<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%B5%81%E8%A1%8C%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96" title="日本流行文化">日本流行文化</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Geisha_at_Asakusa_(DORONKO)_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Geisha_at_Asakusa_%28DORONKO%29_001.jpg/220px-Geisha_at_Asakusa_%28DORONKO%29_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Geisha_at_Asakusa_%28DORONKO%29_001.jpg/330px-Geisha_at_Asakusa_%28DORONKO%29_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Geisha_at_Asakusa_%28DORONKO%29_001.jpg/440px-Geisha_at_Asakusa_%28DORONKO%29_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>当代日本艺妓社会地位高,且已形成一种具代表性的传统文化</figcaption></figure> <p>日本為一<a href="/wiki/%E5%B3%B6%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="島國">島國</a>,地處<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="東亞">東亞</a>大陸的東北面,與<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E5%8D%8A%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鮮半島">朝鮮半島</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E6%9D%B1%E5%8C%97%E5%9C%B0%E5%8D%80" class="mw-redirect" title="中國東北地區">中國東北地區</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E4%BC%AF%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="西伯利亞">西伯利亞</a>隔着<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%B5%B7" title="日本海">日本海</a>對望,特殊的地理位置使其文化一直與東亞大陸文化保持着自身獨特性。日本一方面不斷吸收外來文化,另一方面亦有自身的特色。自公元4世紀到9世紀,就有<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%A1%E4%BE%86%E4%BA%BA" title="渡來人">渡來人</a>帶來<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E4%BA%9A%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="东亚文化">東亞文化</a>。往后日本的<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%A3%E9%9A%8B%E4%BD%BF" title="遣隋使">遣隋使</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%A3%E5%94%90%E4%BD%BF" title="遣唐使">遣唐使</a>為日本帶來了<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E5%82%B3%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="漢傳佛教">漢傳佛教</a>文化,如<a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%B1%E9%81%93" class="mw-redirect" title="花道">花道</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8C%B6%E9%81%93" class="mw-redirect" title="茶道">茶道</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E9%81%93" class="mw-redirect" title="香道">香道</a>都是伴隨著<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E5%82%B3%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="漢傳佛教">漢傳佛教</a>傳到日本的,是日本傳統藝術的重要一環,並稱為日本的「雅道」<sup id="cite_ref-391" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-391"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>385<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。隨後到10世紀左右,日本與東亞大陸的交流變少,開始發展具有獨自特色的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%A2%A8%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96" title="國風文化">國風文化</a>,<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%AC%E9%83%BD" title="京都">京都</a>成為日本的文化中心<sup id="cite_ref-392" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-392"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>386<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。16世紀中葉,歐陸文化傳到日本,後來因貿易保護政策和<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99" title="基督教">基督教</a>禁令,使歐陸文化在日本的傳播停滯。直至19世紀,日本才在美國的外交壓力下签署<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E7%BE%8E%E7%A5%9E%E5%A5%88%E5%B7%9D%E6%A2%9D%E7%B4%84" class="mw-redirect" title="日美神奈川條約">日美神奈川条约</a>(日美和親条約),开放了下田及箱馆两港口通商,歐陸文化在日本才得以重新復興,後來更成為日本文化的重要一員。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E6%B2%BB%E7%BB%B4%E6%96%B0" title="明治维新">明治维新</a>時期,日本實施多項現代化改革,在掌握當時<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%88%E9%80%B2%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="先進國家">先進國家</a>的學術及文化的同時,全國亦在進行大規模<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E6%A5%AD%E5%8C%96" title="工業化">工業化</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%83%BD%E5%B8%82%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="都市化">都市化</a>,使國力大幅攀升。伴随着經濟好景,日本文化生態亦有所起色,有大批傑出的文學作家及藝術家的出现。大正時期經濟景氣,這段時期日本引進了美國不少流行文化,如<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%82" class="mw-redirect" title="音樂">音樂</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%BD%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="電影">電影</a>等。1920年代以後,日本法西斯政體确立,對外來文化實施嚴格的限制。戰後,<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E7%9B%9F%E5%9C%8B_(%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0)" title="同盟國 (第二次世界大戰)">同盟國</a>在日本實行<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E5%8C%96" title="民主化">民主化</a>,放寬了日本對外來文化的限制,維持了其多元性<sup id="cite_ref-393" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-393"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>387<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-394" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-394"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>388<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-395" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-395"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>389<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。近年來日本的文化邁向國際化,<a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%95%E6%BC%AB" title="動漫">動漫</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E9%81%8A%E6%88%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="電子遊戲">電子遊戲</a>在海外擁有很大的影響力<sup id="cite_ref-396" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-396"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>390<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-397" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-397"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>391<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。日本目前共有17項<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E9%81%BA%E7%94%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="世界遺產">世界遺產</a>,其中13項是文化遺產、4項是自然遺產<sup id="cite_ref-398" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-398"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>392<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。日本與<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="英國">英國</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="美國">美國</a>一同被譽為「世界文化大國」<sup id="cite_ref-399" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-399"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>393<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="文學"><span id=".E6.96.87.E5.AD.B8"></span>文學</h3></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6" title="日本文学">日本文學</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1929_bungei_group.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/1929_bungei_group.jpg/220px-1929_bungei_group.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/1929_bungei_group.jpg/330px-1929_bungei_group.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/1929_bungei_group.jpg/440px-1929_bungei_group.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="521" /></a><figcaption>1929年的《<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="文藝時代" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="文藝時代"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%87%E8%97%9D%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="文藝時代(页面不存在)">文藝時代</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%87%E8%97%9D%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" class="extiw" title="ja:文藝時代"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">文藝時代</span></a></span>)</span></span>》編採部,右二為後來的諾貝爾文學獎得主<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%9D%E7%AB%AF%E5%BA%B7%E6%88%90" title="川端康成">川端康成</a></figcaption></figure> <p>日本最早的典籍,如<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E4%BA%8B%E8%A8%98" title="古事記">古事記</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%9B%B8%E7%B4%80" title="日本書紀">日本書紀</a>等都是采用<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97" class="mw-redirect" title="漢字">漢字</a>書寫,直到平安時代才出現日本特有的仿汉字草书和部首的<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E5%81%87%E5%90%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="日語假名">假名</a>文字。<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%AB%E5%BC%8F%E9%83%A8" title="紫式部">紫式部</a>的著作《<a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%90%E6%B0%8F%E7%89%A9%E8%AA%9E" title="源氏物語">源氏物語</a>》是世界上第一部長篇小說,织入近八百首和歌抒情、状物,使歌与文融为一体,行文典雅,被誉为日本物语文学的高峰之作<sup id="cite_ref-400" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-400"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>394<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。<a href="/wiki/%E5%92%8C%E6%AD%8C" title="和歌">和歌</a>是日本特有、以假名寫作的一種詩歌,通常由5韻、31個假名組成,形式短小、精炼,意蕴含蓄而悠远,追求表现<a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%85" class="mw-disambig" title="禅">禅</a>的审美理想和美的境界<sup id="cite_ref-401" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-401"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>395<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,《<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%AC%E8%91%89%E9%9B%86" title="萬葉集">萬葉集</a>》是日本現存最早的詩歌總集,享有「日本<a href="/wiki/%E8%A9%A9%E7%B6%93" class="mw-redirect" title="詩經">詩經</a>」的美譽,詩集共二十卷,收錄詩歌四千五百餘首<sup id="cite_ref-402" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-402"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>396<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%B3%E5%8F%A5" title="俳句">俳句</a>也是日本獨特的一種文學體裁,使用簡約的文字抒發豐富情感,並喚起更多的聯想<sup id="cite_ref-403" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-403"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>397<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,有「俳聖」之稱的知名俳人<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%BE%E5%B0%BE%E8%8A%AD%E8%95%89" title="松尾芭蕉">松尾芭蕉</a><sup id="cite_ref-404" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-404"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>398<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>所寫的《<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E4%B9%8B%E7%B4%B0%E9%81%93" title="奧之細道">奧之細道</a>》記載他自<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%B6%E5%9F%8E" title="江戶城">江戶城</a>到<a href="/wiki/%E5%B2%90%E9%98%9C%E7%B8%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="岐阜縣">岐阜縣</a>的旅程所見所聞及沿途景色,被視為日本文學史上的經典作品<sup id="cite_ref-405" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-405"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>399<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。明治以後,<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6" title="日本文学">日本文學</a>受西方影響,出現<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%8F%E7%9B%AE%E6%BC%B1%E7%9F%B3" title="夏目漱石">夏目漱石</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%89%E9%8F%A1%E8%8A%B1" title="泉鏡花">泉鏡花</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%88%87%E8%AC%9D%E9%87%8E%E6%99%B6%E5%AD%90" title="與謝野晶子">與謝野晶子</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%A8%E7%94%B0%E7%8D%A8%E6%AD%A5" title="國木田獨步">國木田獨步</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%A3%AE%E9%B7%97%E5%A4%96" title="森鷗外">森鷗外</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%A5%E5%B7%9D%E9%BE%99%E4%B9%8B%E4%BB%8B" title="芥川龙之介">芥川龙之介</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%B0%B7%E5%B4%8E%E6%BD%A4%E4%B8%80%E9%83%8E" title="谷崎潤一郎">谷崎潤一郎</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%B2%9B%E7%94%B1%E7%BA%AA%E5%A4%AB" title="三岛由纪夫">三岛由纪夫</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%B6%E5%B7%9D%E4%BA%82%E6%AD%A5" title="江戶川亂步">江戶川亂步</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%AE%E6%BE%A4%E8%B3%A2%E6%B2%BB" title="宮澤賢治">宮澤賢治</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%8B%E5%8F%A3%E4%B8%80%E8%91%89" title="樋口一葉">樋口一葉</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%AE%B0%E6%B2%BB" title="太宰治">太宰治</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B8%E9%A6%AC%E9%81%BC%E5%A4%AA%E9%83%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="司馬遼太郎">司馬遼太郎</a>,以及有「雙村上」之稱的<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%91%E4%B8%8A%E6%98%A5%E6%A8%B9" title="村上春樹">村上春樹</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%91%E4%B8%8A%E9%BE%8D" title="村上龍">村上龍</a>等知名作家。 </p><p>日本有兩位<a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%BE%E8%B2%9D%E7%88%BE%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8%E7%8D%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="諾貝爾文學獎">諾貝爾文學獎</a>得主,分別是<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%9D%E7%AB%AF%E5%BA%B7%E6%88%90" title="川端康成">川端康成</a>(1968年)和<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B1%9F%E5%81%A5%E4%B8%89%E9%83%8E" title="大江健三郎">大江健三郎</a>(1994年)<sup id="cite_ref-406" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-406"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>400<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="艺术"><span id=".E8.89.BA.E6.9C.AF"></span>艺术</h3></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E8%97%9D%E8%A1%93" title="日本藝術">日本藝術</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%82%B3%E7%B5%B1%E8%97%9D%E8%83%BD" title="日本傳統藝能">日本傳統藝能</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Great_Wave_off_Kanagawa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/The_Great_Wave_off_Kanagawa.jpg/220px-The_Great_Wave_off_Kanagawa.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/The_Great_Wave_off_Kanagawa.jpg/330px-The_Great_Wave_off_Kanagawa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/The_Great_Wave_off_Kanagawa.jpg/440px-The_Great_Wave_off_Kanagawa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4335" data-file-height="2990" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E8%91%9B%E9%A3%BE%E5%8C%97%E9%BD%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="葛飾北齋">葛飾北齋</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%AE%E4%B8%96%E7%B9%AA" title="浮世繪">浮世繪</a>作品,《<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%A8%E5%B6%BD%E4%B8%89%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AD%E6%99%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="冨嶽三十六景">冨嶽三十六景</a>》之一的「<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E5%A5%88%E5%B7%9D%E6%B2%96%E6%B5%AA%E8%A3%8F" title="神奈川沖浪裏">神奈川沖浪裏</a>」</figcaption></figure> <p>日本繪畫有<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%95%E8%89%B2%E7%94%BB" title="单色画">單色畫</a>和雙色畫之分,而<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%AE%E4%B8%96%E7%B9%AA" title="浮世繪">浮世繪</a>是日本畫中最廣為人知的一種。<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%AE%E4%B8%96%E7%B9%AA" title="浮世繪">浮世繪</a>是<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%B6%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="江戶時代">江戶時代</a>以<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%B6" title="江戶">江戶</a>為中心發展的版畫藝術,初期的浮世繪多為多色印刷木版畫,直到18世紀中葉以後才發展到精緻的多色套印<sup id="cite_ref-407" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-407"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>401<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。江戶末期,日本人對西方世界的興趣上升,描寫外國人日常生活的浮世繪數量急升。當時交通和通訊均不發達,浮世繪還發揮向各個地方傳遞資訊的作用:<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%8C%E8%88%9E%E4%BC%8E" title="歌舞伎">歌舞伎</a>演員去世、自然災害、犯罪等社會新聞都成為浮世繪的創作題材,描繪大名鼎鼎的<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A6%E5%A3%AB_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" title="武士 (日本)">武士</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%80%AA%E8%AB%87" class="mw-redirect" title="日本怪談">怪談</a>裏的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BD%E9%9D%88" class="mw-redirect" title="幽靈">幽靈</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%A6%96%E6%80%AA" title="妖怪">妖怪</a>的浮世繪也十分受歡迎<sup id="cite_ref-408" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-408"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>402<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。浮世繪對西方的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E8%B1%A1%E6%B4%BE" title="印象派">印象派</a>藝術產生不少影響,江戶時期的畫作是目前各國收藏者的熱門<sup id="cite_ref-409" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-409"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>403<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>日本<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%86%E5%99%A8" title="漆器">漆器</a>工藝在世界享負盛名,漆器的英語別稱「<span lang="en">Japan</span>」就來自日本的英文國名<sup id="cite_ref-410" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-410"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>404<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。日本漆器的特色是以<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91" title="金">金</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%8A%80" title="銀">銀</a>作為裝飾花紋,即所謂的「蒔繪」,以金、銀屑嵌貼於漆液中,乾後推光處理,表現出極盡華貴的金銀色澤,有時並以<a href="/wiki/%E8%9E%BA%E9%88%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="螺鈿">螺鈿</a>、銀絲、沈金嵌出花紋花鳥草蟲或<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%89%E7%A5%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="吉祥(页面不存在)">吉祥</a>圖案,具有極高的藝術價值<sup id="cite_ref-411" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-411"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>405<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。日本的现代漆器内容丰富多彩,表现手法创新,融入不少<a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%BD%E8%B1%A1%E8%97%9D%E8%A1%93" title="抽象藝術">抽象</a>的艺术技法,也能夠反映日本人精致细腻的民族特点。漆器在日本由建筑装饰到家具和<a href="/wiki/%E9%A4%90%E5%85%B7" title="餐具">餐具</a>都經常使用得到,其工藝技術也廣泛用于<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B6%E7%93%B7%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99" title="陶瓷材料">陶瓷</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B6%B2%E6%99%B6%E9%9B%BB%E8%A6%96" class="mw-redirect" title="液晶電視">液晶电视</a>面板和电源开关等不同的領域上,在日本人的生活中佔有很重要的地位<sup id="cite_ref-412" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-412"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>406<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。日本較有名的漆器包括<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%89%8D%E5%9C%8B" title="越前國">越前</a>漆器、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E6%9B%BE%E9%83%A1" title="木曾郡">木曾</a>漆器、<a href="/wiki/%E8%BC%AA%E5%B3%B6%E5%B8%82" title="輪島市">輪島</a>涂和<a href="/wiki/%E9%95%B0%E4%BB%93" class="mw-redirect" title="镰仓">镰仓</a>彫等<sup id="cite_ref-413" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-413"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>407<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>日本傳統的表演藝術有<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%8C%E8%88%9E%E4%BC%8E" title="歌舞伎">歌舞伎</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%BD%E5%8A%87" class="mw-redirect" title="能劇">能劇</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%8B%82%E8%A8%80" title="狂言">狂言</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E6%A8%82" title="文樂">文樂</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%AB%E6%89%8D" title="漫才">漫才</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%BD%E8%AA%9E" title="落語">落語</a>等,當中歌舞伎起源於<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%98%E5%9B%BD%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" title="战国时代 (日本)">战国时代</a>末期,擁有悠久的歷史,是<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="聯合國">聯合國</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E7%89%A9%E8%B3%AA%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E9%81%BA%E7%94%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="非物質文化遺產">非物質文化遺產</a>之一,內容多關於歷史事件和戀愛關係的道德衝突<sup id="cite_ref-414" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-414"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>408<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,其特色在於演員只有喬扮女裝的男性,在演出時扮演小姐、姑娘等年輕女性,連聲音、姿態、感情也必須女性化,是日本最受歡迎的舞台藝術之一<sup id="cite_ref-415" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-415"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>409<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,也比<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%BD%E5%8A%87" class="mw-redirect" title="能劇">能劇</a>更大眾化<sup id="cite_ref-416" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-416"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>410<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。同樣為世界非物質文化遺產的文樂是一種<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E5%81%B6%E6%88%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="木偶戲">木偶戲</a>,又名「人形淨琉璃」,在1684年發祥於<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%98%AA%E5%B8%82" title="大阪市">大阪</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E9%A0%93%E5%A0%80" title="道頓堀">道頓堀</a>,並曾在18世紀掀起熱潮,受歡迎程度一度壓過歌舞伎<sup id="cite_ref-417" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-417"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>411<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。文樂的表演內容是以描寫嚴肅的內心故事為中心而發展出的長篇戲劇,有些作品需花費一整天上演。文樂的特別之處在於世界上大部份木偶劇都會隱藏操縱木偶的人,但在文樂中操縱木偶的人可以光明正大地出現在觀眾面前<sup id="cite_ref-418" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-418"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>412<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="影視"><span id=".E5.BD.B1.E8.A6.96"></span>影視</h3></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E7%94%B5%E5%BD%B1" title="日本电影">日本电影</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E9%9B%BB%E8%A6%96%E5%BB%A3%E6%92%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="日本電視廣播">日本電視廣播</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E9%9B%BB%E5%BD%B1%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="日本電影列表(页面不存在)">日本電影列表</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%8B%95%E7%95%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="日本動畫">日本動畫</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%BC%AB%E7%94%BB" title="日本漫画">日本漫画</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%BC%AB%E7%95%AB%E5%AE%B6%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="日本漫畫家列表">日本漫画家列表</a></div> <p>日本的電視產業開始於1950年<sup id="cite_ref-419" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-419"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>413<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,是世界最早播出電視的國家之一。日本在1926年就進行了世界首次的電視播出實驗。在1930年代,日本開始進行實驗播出電視信號,因為<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E6%B4%8B%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="太平洋戰爭">太平洋戰爭</a>爆發,這個實驗只進行了數月的時間。日本電視產業的興起開始於1953年,在這一年,公共媒體機構<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%94%BE%E9%80%81%E5%8D%94%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="日本放送協會">NHK</a>的<a href="/wiki/NHK%E7%B6%9C%E5%90%88%E9%A0%BB%E9%81%93" title="NHK綜合頻道">綜合電視台</a>、以及商業電視台<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E9%9B%BB%E8%A6%96%E5%8F%B0" title="日本電視台">日本電視台</a>先後開始播出。日本主要的電視收視系統為<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E9%9D%A2%E9%9B%BB%E8%A6%96" title="地面電視">無線電視</a>,<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%B6%E8%B2%BB%E9%9B%BB%E8%A6%96" class="mw-redirect" title="收費電視">收費電視</a>系統則是以<a href="/wiki/WOWOW" title="WOWOW">WOWOW</a>和<a href="/wiki/Sky_PerfecTV!" class="mw-redirect" title="Sky PerfecTV!">Sky PerfecTV!</a> 為代表的<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%9B%E6%98%9F%E9%9B%BB%E8%A6%96" class="mw-redirect" title="衛星電視">衛星電視</a>較為普及,各大無線台也有自己的衛星電視頻道。日本的無線電視以6大電視網為首,部分地區尚有不屬於6大電視網的<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="獨立廣播" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="独立放送局"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8D%A8%E7%AB%8B%E5%BB%A3%E6%92%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="獨立廣播(页面不存在)">獨立電視台</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8B%AC%E7%AB%8B%E6%94%BE%E9%80%81%E5%B1%80" class="extiw" title="ja:独立放送局"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">独立放送局</span></a></span>)</span></span>。在日本,只要擁有可以收看NHK節目的設備(包括但不限於電視機、手機等),就需要給NHK繳納<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%B6%E8%A6%96%E8%B2%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="收視費">收視費</a>。日本的無線電視分為對全國播出但需收費的NHK,以及免費播出的5大商業<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%A6%96%E8%81%AF%E6%92%AD%E7%B6%B2" title="電視聯播網">電視聯播網</a>。 </p><p>日本電影,在日本又稱「邦画」<span style="font-weight: normal;">(<span lang="ja">邦画</span>,相當於中文的「<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%8B%E7%89%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="國片(页面不存在)">國片</a>」,日本有邦畫、洋畫之分,邦指自己國邦,所以邦畫解日本片,洋畫解外國片)</span>,已經有超過一百年以上的歷史,是世界上最歷史最悠久且最龐大的電影工業之一。自千禧年後電視台也開始投資電影行業,走出了日本電視劇──劇場版模式,現時日本電影界多數電影都是由電視台和電影公司聯合製作發行,由電影公司單獨發行的影片已經越來越少,電視台已經構成日本電影界的核心力量<sup id="cite_ref-420" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-420"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>414<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>日本动画最早开始于1917年<sup id="cite_ref-421" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-421"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>415<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-422" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-422"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>416<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,早期的動畫製作人包括<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8B%E5%B7%9D%E5%87%B9%E5%A4%A9" title="下川凹天">下川凹天</a>、 <a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B8%E5%86%85%E7%BA%AF%E4%B8%80" title="幸内纯一">幸内纯一</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%B1%B1%E6%B8%85%E5%A4%AA%E9%83%8E" title="北山清太郎">北山清太郎</a>,被合称为“日本动画之父”<sup id="cite_ref-423" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-423"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>417<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。此後直至1980年代,日本的動畫才開始在日本被接納為主流,製作量隨之迅速增長,<a href="/wiki/GUNDAM%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97%E4%BD%9C%E5%93%81" class="mw-redirect" title="GUNDAM系列作品">GUNDAM系列作品</a>的製作亦於這個年代開始<sup id="cite_ref-424" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-424"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>418<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。日本動畫於1990年代及2000年代迎來它被海外市場接受程度的提昇。動畫連續劇諸如《<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80%E7%A6%8F%E9%9F%B3%E6%88%B0%E5%A3%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="新世紀福音戰士">新世紀福音戰士</a>》和《<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BB%E6%AE%BC%E6%A9%9F%E5%8B%95%E9%9A%8A" title="攻殼機動隊">攻殼機動隊</a>》於日本大受歡迎,亦吸引海外觀眾的注意。《<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%83%E9%BE%8D%E7%8F%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="七龍珠">七龍珠</a>》《<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%B0%91%E5%A5%B3%E6%88%B0%E5%A3%AB" title="美少女戰士">美少女戰士</a>》《<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E5%A5%87%E5%AF%B6%E8%B2%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="神奇寶貝">神奇寶貝</a>》等作品的周邊商品在歐美地區更是搶手貨。《<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%83%E8%88%87%E5%8D%83%E5%B0%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="千與千尋">千與千尋</a>》於2002年<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="德國">德國</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%8F%E6%9E%97%E5%BD%B1%E5%B1%95" class="mw-redirect" title="柏林影展">柏林影展</a>中得到<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E7%86%8A%E7%8D%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="金熊獎">金熊獎</a>,並在第七十六屆<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E6%96%AF%E5%8D%A1%E9%87%91%E5%83%8F%E7%8D%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="奧斯卡金像獎">奧斯卡電影頒獎典禮</a>中得到「最佳動畫長片」一獎項<sup id="cite_ref-425" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-425"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>419<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。而《<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BB%E6%AE%BC%E6%A9%9F%E5%8B%95%E9%9A%8A" title="攻殼機動隊">攻殼機動隊</a>》亦在2004年<a href="/wiki/%E5%9D%8E%E5%9F%8E%E5%BD%B1%E5%B1%95" class="mw-redirect" title="坎城影展">坎城影展</a>上映<sup id="cite_ref-426" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-426"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>420<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。日本動畫業中較為重要的<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%8B%95%E7%95%AB%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%E5%AE%A4%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="日本動畫工作室列表">製作公司</a>包括<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%98%A0%E5%8B%95%E7%95%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="東映動畫">東映動畫</a>、<a href="/wiki/MADHOUSE" title="MADHOUSE">MADHOUSE</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%98%87%E5%8B%95%E7%95%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="日昇動畫">日昇動畫</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%AC%E9%83%BD%E5%8B%95%E7%95%AB" title="京都動畫">京都動畫</a>、<a href="/wiki/A-1_Pictures" title="A-1 Pictures">A-1 Pictures</a>、<a href="/wiki/BONES_(%E5%8B%95%E7%95%AB%E8%A3%BD%E4%BD%9C%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8)" title="BONES (動畫製作公司)">BONES</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E5%8D%9C%E5%8A%9B%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%E5%AE%A4" title="吉卜力工作室">吉卜力工作室</a>等<sup id="cite_ref-ma_427-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ma-427"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>421<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:17</sup>。日本大部分的動畫製作公司都加入<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%8B%95%E7%95%AB%E5%8D%94%E6%9C%83" title="日本動畫協會">日本動畫協會</a>,而不同製作室在一些較為複雜和造價較高的動畫製作項目上也會互相合作,例如由吉卜力工作室製作的《<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%83%E8%88%87%E5%8D%83%E5%B0%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="千與千尋">千與千尋</a>》就邀請MADHOUSE、<a href="/wiki/GAINAX" title="GAINAX">GAINAX</a>、<a href="/wiki/Production_I.G" title="Production I.G">Production I.G</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%B2%E9%9B%80%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%E5%AE%A4" title="雲雀工作室">雲雀工作室</a>等合作夥伴協助製片<sup id="cite_ref-ma_427-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ma-427"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>421<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:17</sup>。每部動畫大概需要10萬至30萬美元的製作費<sup id="cite_ref-428" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-428"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>422<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。2001年,動畫片佔據日本電影市場的7%收入<sup id="cite_ref-ma_427-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ma-427"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>421<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:17</sup>,而日本動畫的成功也反映在DVD銷售上,日本近七成的DVD銷售均為動畫<sup id="cite_ref-ma_427-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ma-427"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>421<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:17</sup>。隨著動畫市場的迅速擴張,大量<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="動畫俱樂部" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="アニメクラブ"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8B%95%E7%95%AB%E4%BF%B1%E6%A8%82%E9%83%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="動畫俱樂部(页面不存在)">動畫俱樂部</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%8B%E3%83%A1%E3%82%AF%E3%83%A9%E3%83%96" class="extiw" title="ja:アニメクラブ"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">アニメクラブ</span></a></span>)</span></span>在1990年代成立,並帶動<a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%95%E7%95%AB%E5%B1%95%E8%A6%BD%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="動畫展覽會">動畫展覽會</a>的興起<sup id="cite_ref-ae_429-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ae-429"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>423<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:73</sup>。這些展覽會主要展示日本以至世界各國的動漫作品,並包含<a href="/wiki/Cosplay" title="Cosplay">cosplay</a>比賽等其他元素<sup id="cite_ref-ma_427-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ma-427"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>421<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:211</sup>。另一方面,日本的動漫文化亦創造不少獨特的<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%8B%95%E6%BC%AB%E8%BF%B7%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E8%A1%93%E8%AA%9E%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="日本動漫迷使用術語列表">名詞</a>,例如用於指稱熱衷及博精於<a href="/wiki/ACG" title="ACG">ACG</a>的「<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%A1%E5%AE%85%E6%97%8F" title="御宅族">御宅族</a>」<sup id="cite_ref-ma_427-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ma-427"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>421<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:195</sup>。 </p><p>日本的漫畫讀者涵蓋所有的年齡層<sup id="cite_ref-Gravett_430-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gravett-430"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>424<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,日本漫畫的題材非常廣泛。1950年代以後,漫畫逐漸成為日本出版業的主要部分<sup id="cite_ref-Schodt_1996_252-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schodt_1996-252"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>246<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,2006年漫畫市值達到4810亿<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E5%9C%93" title="日圓">日圓</a><sup id="cite_ref-ComiPress_253-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ComiPress-253"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>247<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。除了一小部分漫畫是彩色的之外<sup id="cite_ref-431" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-431"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>425<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,大多數日本漫畫採用黑白印刷<sup id="cite_ref-432" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-432"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>426<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。日本漫畫向海外輸出始於1970年代末,並隨之向全球擴張,日本漫畫也在世界各地越來越普及,不少被各國出版商翻譯和發行外文版<sup id="cite_ref-Wong_2006_433-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wong_2006-433"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>427<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Patten_434-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Patten-434"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>428<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。高度發展的日本漫畫已經成為世界漫畫當中具有獨特風格以及龐大影響力的一個流派,在亞洲及歐美都有相當高的影響力<sup id="cite_ref-435" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-435"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>429<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。在日本,漫畫一般在<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%AB%E7%95%AB%E9%9B%9C%E8%AA%8C" title="漫畫雜誌">漫畫雜誌</a>上連載,毎期漫畫雜誌都包含多個漫畫系列,但毎個系列只刊登一個章節,留待下期繼續<sup id="cite_ref-Gravett_430-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gravett-430"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>424<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Schodt_1986_436-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schodt_1986-436"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>430<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。如果某個漫畫系列已連載一段時期並且受到讀者歡迎,那個系列的漫畫章節通常會集結成<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%95%E8%A1%8C%E6%9C%AC" title="单行本">單行本</a>出版<sup id="cite_ref-Gravett_430-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gravett-430"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>424<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Schodt_1986_436-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schodt_1986-436"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>430<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,不過與漫畫雜誌不同,一本單行本仅收錄一個漫畫系列。日本擁有大量的漫畫讀者。為了滿足讀者的需求,日本開設不少<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%AB%E7%95%AB%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E5%BA%97" title="漫畫咖啡店">漫畫咖啡店</a>(<span lang="ja">漫画喫茶</span>),在那里讀者可以一邊喝<a href="/wiki/%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1" title="咖啡">咖啡</a>一邊看漫畫,許多人還會在漫畫咖啡店裏過夜<sup id="cite_ref-437" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-437"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>431<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。大多数日式漫画有一些共同的特征,例如漫畫的人物身體和<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E8%82%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="四肢">四肢</a>比較接近真人、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A0%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="頭">頭</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%BC%E7%9D%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="眼睛">眼睛</a>比較大<sup id="cite_ref-438" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>432<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%BC%BB%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="鼻子">鼻子</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%98%B4%E5%B7%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="嘴巴">嘴巴</a>比真人小等。日式漫畫向來不刻意描繪人種特徵,有時連<a href="/wiki/%E6%80%A7%E5%88%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="性別">性別</a>也難以分辨。另外,日本動漫裡的人物性格通常較誇張,但非常注重細節<sup id="cite_ref-439" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-439"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>433<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="音乐"><span id=".E9.9F.B3.E4.B9.90"></span>音乐</h3></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%82%B3%E7%B5%B1%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%82" class="mw-redirect" title="日本傳統音樂">日本傳統音樂</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%B5%81%E8%A1%8C%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%82" title="日本流行音樂">日本流行音乐</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%95%E7%95%AB%E6%AD%8C%E6%9B%B2" title="動畫歌曲">動畫歌曲</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ayumi_Hamasaki_2007.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Ayumi_Hamasaki_2007.jpg/170px-Ayumi_Hamasaki_2007.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Ayumi_Hamasaki_2007.jpg/255px-Ayumi_Hamasaki_2007.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Ayumi_Hamasaki_2007.jpg/340px-Ayumi_Hamasaki_2007.jpg 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E6%BB%A8%E5%B4%8E%E6%AD%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="滨崎步">滨崎步</a>,日本史上销量最高个人歌手(超过4800万)</figcaption></figure> <p>日本的傳統音樂被稱為<a href="/wiki/%E9%82%A6%E6%A8%82" title="邦樂">邦樂</a>,包括<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E9%9B%85%E6%A8%82" class="mw-redirect" title="日本雅樂">雅樂</a>、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="聲明" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="声明"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%81%B2%E6%98%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="聲明(页面不存在)">聲明</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A3%B0%E6%98%8E" class="extiw" title="ja:声明"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">声明</span></a></span>)</span></span>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E6%A8%82" title="神樂">神樂</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%94%E6%AD%8C" title="演歌">演歌</a>等。邦樂的演奏樂器種類繁多如<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%91%B3%E7%B7%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="三味線">三味線</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BA%E5%85%AB" title="尺八">尺八</a>、能管(橫笛)、<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E7%AE%8F" title="日本箏">箏</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%99" title="笙">笙</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%92%8C%E5%A4%AA%E9%BC%93" title="和太鼓">和太鼓</a>等,<a href="/wiki/%E7%90%B5%E7%90%B6" title="琵琶">琵琶</a>由中國傳入日本後,也發展出不同的形式。十九世紀末期,西方音樂進入日本,給日本音樂帶來很大的影響,昭和後期開始產生融合西方元素與日本特色的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E6%8B%89OK" title="卡拉OK">卡拉OK</a>和<a href="/wiki/J-POP" class="mw-redirect" title="J-POP">J-POP</a>(日本流行音樂)<sup id="cite_ref-440" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-440"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>434<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>現代日本流行音樂基本上從<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%82%B3%E7%B5%B1%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%82" class="mw-redirect" title="日本傳統音樂">日本傳統音樂</a>演變而成,轉變當中最早可以追溯到西方<a href="/wiki/%E6%90%96%E6%BB%BE%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%82" class="mw-redirect" title="搖滾音樂">搖滾音樂</a>的興起。1960年代,<a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%AB%E9%A0%AD%E5%9B%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="披頭四">披頭四</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E7%81%98%E7%94%B7%E5%AD%A9" title="海灘男孩">海灘男孩</a>等組合啟發日本音樂界,於1969年組成的<span class="ilh-all ilh-blue" data-orig-title="Happy End" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Happy End (band)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/Happy_End" class="mw-redirect" title="Happy End">Happy End</a></span></span>就嘗試把搖滾音樂和日本傳統音樂混合<sup id="cite_ref-beatles_441-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-beatles-441"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>435<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。1970年代晚期,<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%96%B0%E6%B5%AA%E6%BD%AE" title="日本新浪潮">新浪潮</a>開始,將<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%81%E8%A1%8C%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%82" class="mw-redirect" title="流行音樂">流行音樂</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%90%96%E6%BB%BE%E6%A8%82" class="mw-redirect" title="搖滾樂">搖滾樂</a>合二為一的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%96%B9%E4%B9%8B%E6%98%9F" title="南方之星">南方之星</a>開啓J-POP的新一頁<sup id="cite_ref-whonejp_442-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-whonejp-442"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>436<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,最終在1980年代末,J-POP取代<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%8C%E8%AC%A0%E6%9B%B2" title="歌謠曲">歌謠曲</a>成為日本流行音樂的主流<sup id="cite_ref-ctv_443-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ctv-443"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>437<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。1999年,時年16歲的新人歌手<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E5%A4%9A%E7%94%B0%E5%85%89" title="宇多田光">宇多田光</a>發表出道專輯《<a href="/wiki/First_Love_(%E5%AE%87%E5%A4%9A%E7%94%B0%E5%85%89%E5%B0%88%E8%BC%AF)" title="First Love (宇多田光專輯)">First Love</a>》,銷量達765萬,打破歷史紀錄,也帶動日本<a href="/wiki/R%26B" class="mw-redirect" title="R&B">R&B</a>曲風<sup id="cite_ref-nctu_444-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nctu-444"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>438<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。同年新人歌手<a href="/wiki/%E6%BB%A8%E5%B4%8E%E6%AD%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="滨崎步">滨崎步</a>发表的第一张原创专辑《<a href="/wiki/A_Song_for_%C3%97%C3%97" title="A Song for ××">A Song for ××</a>》连获三周销量冠军,知名度迅速上升,與宇多田光稱霸整個市場。在<a href="/wiki/%E5%80%89%E6%9C%A8%E9%BA%BB%E8%A1%A3" title="倉木麻衣">倉木麻衣</a>出道後,三人在華語圈並稱為「<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E6%88%90%E4%B8%89%E5%A4%A7%E6%AD%8C%E5%A7%AC" title="平成三大歌姬">平成三大歌姬</a>」,在2000年代初席捲亞洲歌壇<sup id="cite_ref-nctu_444-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nctu-444"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>438<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。踏入2010年代,各個<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%81%B6%E5%83%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="日本偶像">偶像</a>團體均在日本音樂界獲得成功,尤其以<a href="/wiki/%E5%B5%90" title="嵐">嵐</a>和<a href="/wiki/AKB48" title="AKB48">AKB48</a>最為突出。不同偶像團體所獲得的大量獎項均令團體之間的盛況和激烈競爭達到前所未有的境界,因而被稱為「偶像團體的<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%B0%E5%9C%8B%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" class="mw-redirect" title="戰國時代 (日本)">戰國時代</a>」<sup id="cite_ref-oricon20121209_445-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oricon20121209-445"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>439<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。另外隨著<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="電腦">電腦</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%9F%E4%BB%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="軟件">軟件</a>技術的發展,<a href="/wiki/VOCALOID" title="VOCALOID">VOCALOID</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%9D%E9%9F%B3%E6%9C%AA%E4%BE%86" title="初音未來">初音未來</a>等虛擬歌手亦應運而生,並隨著<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%AF%E7%B6%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="互聯網">互聯網</a>而逐漸變得流行<sup id="cite_ref-446" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-446"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>440<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,甚至出現虛擬歌手<a href="/wiki/%E7%BF%BB%E5%94%B1" title="翻唱">翻唱</a>歌曲的演唱會<sup id="cite_ref-447" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-447"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>441<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。日本的搖滾金屬樂在音樂市場也佔有一席之地,亦有許多相當知名的日本樂團活耀在音樂界如<a href="/wiki/X_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="X Japan">X Japan</a>、<a href="/wiki/BABYMETAL" title="BABYMETAL">BABYMETAL</a>、<a href="/wiki/B%27z" title="B'z">B'z</a>等。 </p><p>日本<a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%95%E7%95%AB%E6%AD%8C%E6%9B%B2" title="動畫歌曲">動畫音樂</a>在動畫產業影響下開始受矚目,其中以此為發展中心的<a href="/wiki/Lantis" title="Lantis">Lantis</a>在2009年至2013年期間收入每年增長逾一成,並為旗下超過100個聲優和團體組合舉行超過250場活動和演唱會<sup id="cite_ref-448" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-448"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>442<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,活動範圍由日本國內擴展至亞洲、歐洲、美國和南美洲等地<sup id="cite_ref-449" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-449"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>443<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-450" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-450"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>444<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。日本國內也會每年舉行各種動畫音樂會,其中規模最大的「<a href="/wiki/Animelo_Summer_Live" title="Animelo Summer Live">Animelo Summer Live</a>」2015年入場人次高達八萬一千人<sup id="cite_ref-451" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-451"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>445<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。動畫歌曲長期在日本全國性的<a href="/wiki/Oricon%E5%85%AC%E4%BF%A1%E6%A6%9C" title="Oricon公信榜">Oricon公信榜</a>長期榜上有名<sup id="cite_ref-452" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-452"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>446<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,著名聲優如<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E6%A8%B9%E5%A5%88%E5%A5%88" title="水樹奈奈">水樹奈奈</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%AE%E9%87%8E%E7%9C%9F%E5%AE%88" title="宮野真守">宮野真守</a>等的個人動畫音樂作品都曾獲得排行榜冠軍<sup id="cite_ref-453" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-453"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>447<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,而2009年電視動畫《<a href="/wiki/K-ON%EF%BC%81%E8%BC%95%E9%9F%B3%E9%83%A8" title="K-ON!輕音部">轻音少女</a>》的兩首<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E9%A1%8C%E6%9B%B2" title="主題曲">主題曲</a>更曾獨佔公信榜冠亞軍<sup id="cite_ref-454" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-454"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>448<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。2014年,著名音樂節目《<a href="/wiki/MUSIC_STATION" title="MUSIC STATION">MUSIC STATION</a>》公佈的「十大最受歡迎歌曲」中除了四首男女<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%81%B6%E5%83%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="日本偶像">偶像組合</a>的歌曲外,其餘六首全為來自《<a href="/wiki/LoveLive!" class="mw-redirect" title="LoveLive!">LoveLive!</a>》《<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%8C%E4%B9%8B%E7%8E%8B%E5%AD%90%E6%AE%BF%E4%B8%8B" title="歌之王子殿下">歌之王子殿下</a>》《<a href="/wiki/%E5%81%B6%E5%83%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%B8%AB%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97" class="mw-redirect" title="偶像大師系列">偶像大師</a>》等動畫作品的歌曲,可知動畫音樂在日本擁有不容忽視的影響力<sup id="cite_ref-455" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-455"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>449<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>截至2011年,日本是世界第一大實體音樂市場,市場年產值達31億<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%85%83" title="美元">美元</a>,佔世界市場30%<sup id="cite_ref-456" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-456"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>450<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,而包括數位販售在內的總唱片市場年產值也達到41億美元,佔世界市場之25%,僅次於<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="美國">美國</a>排名第二<sup id="cite_ref-457" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-457"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>451<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="饮食"><span id=".E9.A5.AE.E9.A3.9F"></span>饮食</h3></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%96%99%E7%90%86" title="日本料理">日本料理</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:East_West_sushi_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/East_West_sushi_01.jpg/220px-East_West_sushi_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/East_West_sushi_01.jpg/330px-East_West_sushi_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/East_West_sushi_01.jpg/440px-East_West_sushi_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6798" data-file-height="4492" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%BF%E5%8F%B8" title="寿司">寿司</a></figcaption></figure> <p>日本料理以强调<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A4%E9%A3%9F%E7%89%A9" title="时令食物">食物的季节性</a>、食材的质量和表现力而闻名<sup id="cite_ref-458" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-458"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>452<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。日本人進食的食具通常是小碗和改造过的<a href="/wiki/%E7%AD%B7%E5%AD%90" title="筷子">筷子</a>(<span title="漢字或假名表記(原文)"><span lang="ja">箸</span></span><small>/</small><span title="平假名表記"><span lang="ja">はし</span></span><sup> <i><span title="羅馬字表記" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none" lang="ja-Latn">Hashi</span></i></sup>)<sup id="cite_ref-459" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-459"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>453<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。传统的日本料理主食是<a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E9%A5%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="米饭">米饭</a>,然后再配上其他菜肴,例如鱼,肉,蔬菜,酱菜,以及汤。料理的名称则是用这些菜肴的数目来命名。最简单的日本餐膳为<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E6%B1%81%E4%B8%80%E8%8F%9C" title="一汁一菜">一汁一菜</a>:「菜」指一碟酱菜(通常是醃黄萝卜);「汁」則指一碗汤,最後加上一碗白饭。传统的日式早餐通常也是味噌汤,米饭,和一碟酱菜(或<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%8D%E8%B1%86" title="納豆">納豆</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-460" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-460"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>454<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。而最常见的料理为<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E6%B1%81%E4%B8%89%E8%8F%9C" title="一汁三菜">一汁三菜</a>,即汤,米饭、一碟主菜和兩碟副菜,當中这三碟菜通常是一碟生鱼片,一碟烤菜,和一碟水煮菜,有的则是蒸菜,炸菜,醋菜,或是淋上酱料的菜,另外附上绿茶和<a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%85%E4%B9%BE" class="mw-disambig" title="梅乾">梅乾</a>等醬菜<sup id="cite_ref-461" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-461"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>455<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>日本饮食文化的其中一項特色是生食,大部份食物如<a href="/wiki/%E9%AE%AA%E9%AD%9A" title="鮪魚">鮪魚</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%B2%91%E9%B1%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="鲑鱼">鲑鱼</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E9%AD%A8" title="河魨">河豚</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%A0%E9%B1%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="章鱼">章鱼</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%9B%E8%82%89" title="牛肉">牛肉</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%9E%E8%82%89" title="雞肉">雞肉</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%9E%E8%9B%8B" title="雞蛋">雞蛋</a>等都可以生食入菜<sup id="cite_ref-462" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-462"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>456<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。由于日本是海岛型国家,日本人相当喜好海产品,例如鱼,贝类,章鱼,<a href="/wiki/%E8%99%BE" title="虾">虾</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%9F%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="蟹">蟹</a>类和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E8%8D%89" title="海草">海草</a>等。日本人在明治时代前有一段頗長的时间(約1200年)除武士在外會進食打獵得來的野獸外並不進食獸肉,可能因此導致日本人比起區內其他國家體格比較矮小。直至1872年1月24日,<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E6%B2%BB%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87" title="明治天皇">明治天皇</a>宣布廢除肉食禁令並親自食用牛肉,才終結日本人不常吃獸肉的歷史<sup id="cite_ref-463" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-463"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>457<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。现在的日本料理大多含有獸肉,如<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%9B%E8%82%89" title="牛肉">牛肉</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%AA%E8%82%89" class="mw-redirect" title="猪肉">猪肉</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%B8%A1%E8%82%89" class="mw-redirect" title="鸡肉">鸡肉</a>等都是日常料理中经常出现的食材,而较為具標誌性食物包括<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%BF%E5%8F%B8" title="寿司">寿司</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%BA%E8%BA%AB" title="刺身">刺身</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%B8%85%E9%85%92" title="日本清酒">清酒</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BE%BF%E5%BD%93" class="mw-redirect" title="便当">便当</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%8D%E8%B1%86" title="納豆">納豆</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%A6%87%E7%BD%97" class="mw-redirect" title="天妇罗">天妇罗</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%A0%E9%AD%9A%E7%87%92" title="章魚燒">章魚燒</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%B9%E8%BC%AA" title="竹輪">竹輪</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%9E%E9%BA%A6%E9%9D%A2%E6%9D%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="荞麦面条">荞麦麵</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A3%BD%E5%96%9C%E7%87%92" title="壽喜燒">壽喜燒</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%9B%E4%B8%BC" title="牛丼">牛丼</a>等。源自中国的<a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%B5%E6%A2%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="麵條">麵條</a>也是日本料理很重要的一部份,當中<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%9E%E9%BA%A6%E9%9D%A2" title="荞麦面">荞麦麵</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E9%BE%8D%E9%BA%B5" title="烏龍麵">乌冬</a>這两种传统的麵條比較受歡迎,汤底通常是用鱼类煮成的高湯加入酱油调味以及加上不同种类的蔬菜。另一種很受欢迎的麵类是在20世纪早期由中国传入的<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%8B%89%E9%9D%A2" title="日本拉面">拉麵</a>。拉麵使用的汤底有许多种,比如用鱼类和酱油煮成的高汤,或是猪肉和奶油煮成的高汤。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E5%92%96%E5%96%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="咖喱">咖喱</a>从<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%B1%9E%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6" title="英属印度">英属印度</a>传入日本后,被广泛食用,并在适应本土化过程中发展为<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%92%96%E5%96%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="日式咖喱">日式咖喱</a>,堪称日本的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8%E9%A3%9F%E7%89%A9" title="國家代表食物">国菜</a><sup id="cite_ref-464" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-464"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>458<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。日本流行的饮料包括<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E9%85%92" class="mw-redirect" title="日本酒">日本酒</a>,是一种由大米酿造的饮料,酒精含量一般为14-17%,由<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E7%B1%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="大米">大米</a>多次发酵而成<sup id="cite_ref-Batt2014_465-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Batt2014-465"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>459<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。<a href="/wiki/17%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA" title="17世纪">17世纪</a>末,日本开始酿造<a href="/wiki/%E5%95%A4%E9%85%92" title="啤酒">啤酒</a><sup id="cite_ref-BoultonQuain2013_466-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BoultonQuain2013-466"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>460<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 。 </p><p>和食一向被認為能體現<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A4%E9%A3%9F%E7%89%A9" title="时令食物">四季的分明</a><sup id="cite_ref-467" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-467"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>461<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,因此在2013年被<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E5%9C%8B%E6%95%99%E7%A7%91%E6%96%87%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94" class="mw-redirect" title="聯合國教科文組織">聯合國教科文組織</a>以「<a href="/wiki/%E5%92%8C%E9%A3%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="和食">和食</a>—日本人的傳統飲食文化」的名稱列為<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E7%89%A9%E8%B3%AA%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E9%81%BA%E7%94%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="非物質文化遺產">世界非物質文化遺產</a><sup id="cite_ref-468" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-468"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>462<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="节日与假日"><span id=".E8.8A.82.E6.97.A5.E4.B8.8E.E5.81.87.E6.97.A5"></span>节日与假日</h3></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%85%AC%E7%9C%BE%E5%81%87%E6%9C%9F" title="日本公眾假期">日本公众假期</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E8%8A%82%E6%97%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="日本节日">日本节日</a></div> <p>从官方角度来看,日本共有16个受到政府认可的全国性节假日。日本的公众假期遵循1948年颁布的《<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="國民祝日法" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="国民の祝日に関する法律"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E7%A5%9D%E6%97%A5%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="國民祝日法(页面不存在)">國民假日法</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%91%E3%81%AE%E7%A5%9D%E6%97%A5%E3%81%AB%E9%96%A2%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B" class="extiw" title="ja:国民の祝日に関する法律"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">国民の祝日に関する法律</span></a></span>)</span></span>》的相关规定<sup id="cite_ref-469" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-469"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>463<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-470" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-470"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>464<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。自2000年起,日本开始实行“快乐星期一制度”,即将部分国家节假日调整至周一,以便民众能够享受更长的周末时光。<sup id="cite_ref-471" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-471"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>465<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>日本的全国性节假日包括:1月1日的<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%96%B0%E5%B9%B4" title="日本新年">新年</a>、1月第二个星期一的<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%90%E4%BA%BA%E4%B9%8B%E6%97%A5" title="成人之日">成人之日</a>、2月11日的<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E5%9C%8B%E7%B4%80%E5%BF%B5%E4%B9%8B%E6%97%A5" title="建國紀念之日">建国纪念日</a>、2月23日的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87%E8%AA%95%E7%94%9F%E6%97%A5" title="天皇誕生日">天皇诞生日</a>(随今上天皇的变化而变化)、3月20日或21日的<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%A5%E5%88%86%E4%B9%8B%E6%97%A5" title="春分之日">春分之日</a>、4月29日的<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%AD%E5%92%8C%E4%B9%8B%E6%97%A5" title="昭和之日">昭和之日</a>、5月3日的<a href="/wiki/%E6%86%B2%E6%B3%95%E7%B4%80%E5%BF%B5%E6%97%A5" title="憲法紀念日">宪法纪念日</a>、5月4日的<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%BF%E4%B9%8B%E6%97%A5" title="绿之日">绿之日</a>、5月5日的<a href="/wiki/%E5%84%BF%E7%AB%A5%E4%B9%8B%E6%97%A5" title="儿童之日">儿童之日</a>、7月第三个星期一的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E4%B9%8B%E6%97%A5" title="海之日">海之日</a>、8月11日的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E4%B9%8B%E6%97%A5" title="山之日">山之日</a>、9月第三个星期一的<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%AC%E8%80%81%E4%B9%8B%E6%97%A5" title="敬老之日">敬老之日</a>、9月23日或24日的<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%8B%E5%88%86%E4%B9%8B%E6%97%A5" title="秋分之日">秋分之日</a>、10月第二个星期一的<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%94%E8%82%B2%E4%B9%8B%E6%97%A5" title="體育之日">体育之日</a>、11月3日的<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E4%B9%8B%E6%97%A5" title="文化之日">文化之日</a>,以及11月23日的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%A4%E5%8B%9E%E6%84%9F%E8%AC%9D%E4%B9%8B%E6%97%A5" title="勤勞感謝之日">勤劳感谢之日</a>。<sup id="cite_ref-472" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-472"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>466<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>除此之外,日本还有其他许多无假期的特有传统节日,如<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%9D%E5%8D%88" title="初午">初午</a>,各地亦有地方性节日与庆典。<sup id="cite_ref-473" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-473"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>467<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="註釋"><span id=".E8.A8.BB.E9.87.8B"></span>註釋</h2></div> <div id="references-NoteFoot"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">日本在1872年3月派遣外務卿<a href="/wiki/%E5%89%AF%E5%B3%B6%E7%A8%AE%E8%87%A3" title="副島種臣">副島種臣</a>前往中國,詢問清朝為何不懲辦臺番,清朝<a href="/wiki/%E7%B8%BD%E7%90%86%E5%90%84%E5%9C%8B%E4%BA%8B%E5%8B%99%E8%A1%99%E9%96%80" title="總理各國事務衙門">總理衙門</a>大臣吏部尚書<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%9B%E6%98%B6%E7%86%99" title="毛昶熙">毛昶熙</a>及戶部尚書<a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A3%E6%81%82" title="董恂">董恂</a>當時以「生番」(不順服清廷的臺灣原住民)不服王化為理由推搪。<br />原文:「副島:「生番害人,貴國置之不理,我國有必要問罪島人,因與貴國盟好,特先來奉告。」毛、董:「生番係我化外之民,問罪與否,聽憑貴國辦理。」」</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">數字有爭議,詳見<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%A4%A7%E5%B1%A0%E6%9D%80%E7%9A%84%E4%BA%89%E8%AE%BA" title="关于南京大屠杀的争论">關於南京大屠殺的爭論</a>以及<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%A4%A7%E5%B1%A0%E6%9D%80%E7%9A%84%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1%E4%BA%BA%E6%95%B0" title="南京大屠杀的死亡人数">南京大屠杀的死亡人数</a>。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">按<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%AF%E6%9C%AC%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="柯本氣候分類法">柯本氣候分類法</a>可分類為Cfa類別。</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span>参考文献</h2></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.japan.go.jp/japan/">About Japan</a>. <a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A7%E9%96%A3%E5%AE%98%E6%88%BF" title="內閣官房">內閣官房</a>. 2017-05-31 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2017-11-06</span>]</span>. 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(原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210320094952/http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2019.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2021-03-20).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.btitle=Human+Development+Report+2019&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=UNITED+NATIONS+DEVELOPMENT+PROGRAMME&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhdr.undp.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fhdr2019.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nijinet-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nijinet_11-0"><sup><b>11.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nijinet_11-1"><sup><b>11.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nijinet.or.jp/info/faq/tabid/65/Default.aspx">知る-基本情報-</a>. 日本離島センター. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2016-02-29</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130604044546/http://www.nijinet.or.jp/info/faq/tabid/65/Default.aspx">存档</a>于2013-06-04) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.btitle=%E7%9F%A5%E3%82%8B%EF%BC%8D%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E6%83%85%E5%A0%B1%EF%BC%8D&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E9%9B%A2%E5%B3%B6%E3%82%BB%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nijinet.or.jp%2Finfo%2Ffaq%2Ftabid%2F65%2FDefault.aspx&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jnto-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-jnto_12-0"><sup><b>12.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jnto_12-1"><sup><b>12.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.welcome2japan.hk/arrange/essential/overview/index.html#01">日本概況</a>. 日本國家旅遊局. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2015-10-15</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180801155215/https://www.welcome2japan.hk/arrange/essential/overview/index.html#01">存档</a>于2018-08-01).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.btitle=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%A6%82%E6%B3%81&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E6%97%85%E9%81%8A%E5%B1%80&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.welcome2japan.hk%2Farrange%2Fessential%2Foverview%2Findex.html%2301&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RLF-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RLF_13-0"><sup><b>13.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RLF_13-1"><sup><b>13.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">RICHARD L. FORSTALL, RICHARD P. GREENE, JAMES B. PICK. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1467-9663.2009.00537.x/abstract">WHICH ARE THE LARGEST? WHY LISTS OF MAJOR URBAN AREAS VARY SO GREATLY</a>. <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="皇家荷蘭地理協會" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Royal Dutch Geographical Society"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9A%87%E5%AE%B6%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%8D%94%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="皇家荷蘭地理協會(页面不存在)">Royal Dutch Geographical Society</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Dutch_Geographical_Society" class="extiw" title="en:Royal Dutch Geographical Society"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Royal Dutch Geographical Society</span></a></span>)</span></span>: 34. 2009 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-03-20</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140122111031/http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1467-9663.2009.00537.x/abstract">存档</a>于2014-01-22).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.au=RICHARD+L.+FORSTALL%2C+RICHARD+P.+GREENE%2C+JAMES+B.+PICK&rft.btitle=WHICH+ARE+THE+LARGEST%3F+WHY+LISTS+OF+MAJOR+URBAN+AREAS+VARY+SO+GREATLY&rft.date=2009&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pages=34&rft.pub=%3Cspan+class%3D%22ilh-all+%22+data-orig-title%3D%22%E7%9A%87%E5%AE%B6%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%8D%94%E6%9C%83%22+data-lang-code%3D%22en%22+data-lang-name%3D%22%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD%22+data-foreign-title%3D%22Royal+Dutch+Geographical+Society%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22ilh-page%22%3ERoyal+Dutch+Geographical+Society%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22noprint+ilh-comment%22%3E%EF%BC%88%3Cspan+class%3D%22ilh-lang%22%3E%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22ilh-colon%22%3E%EF%BC%9A%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22ilh-link%22%3E-%7B%3Cspan+lang%3D%22en%22+dir%3D%22auto%22%3ERoyal+Dutch+Geographical+Society%3C%2Fspan%3E%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3E%EF%BC%89%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%2Fdoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1467-9663.2009.00537.x%2Fabstract&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://japan.kantei.go.jp/constitution_and_government_of_japan/fundamental_e.html">Fundamental Structure of the Government of Japan</a>. japan.kantei.go.jp. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2021-07-06</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201117155437/http://japan.kantei.go.jp/constitution_and_government_of_japan/fundamental_e.html">存档</a>于2020-11-17).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.atitle=Fundamental+Structure+of+the+Government+of+Japan&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=japan.kantei.go.jp&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjapan.kantei.go.jp%2Fconstitution_and_government_of_japan%2Ffundamental_e.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/summary/yoron/social/039.html">平成の皇室観 | 世論調査 - 社会や政治に関する世論調査 | NHK放送文化研究所</a>. www.nhk.or.jp. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2021-09-30</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211223090910/https://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/summary/yoron/social/039.html">存档</a>于2021-12-23).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.atitle=%E5%B9%B3%E6%88%90%E3%81%AE%E7%9A%87%E5%AE%A4%E8%A6%B3+%7C+%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96%E8%AA%BF%E6%9F%BB+-+%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E3%82%84%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E3%81%AB%E9%96%A2%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96%E8%AA%BF%E6%9F%BB+%7C+NHK%E6%94%BE%E9%80%81%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%89%80&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nhk.or.jp&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nhk.or.jp%2Fbunken%2Fsummary%2Fyoron%2Fsocial%2F039.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cityu-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cityu_16-0"><sup><b>16.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cityu_16-1"><sup><b>16.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cityu_16-2"><sup><b>16.2</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170227000904/http://www.cityupress.edu.hk/Template/Shared/previewSample/9789629371838_preview.pdf">天皇制度與皇室軼事</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8" title="香港城市大學">香港城市大學</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-03-02</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cityupress.edu.hk/Template/Shared/previewSample/9789629371838_preview.pdf">原始内容</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>存档于2017-02-27).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.btitle=%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6%E8%88%87%E7%9A%87%E5%AE%A4%E8%BB%BC%E4%BA%8B&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cityupress.edu.hk%2FTemplate%2FShared%2FpreviewSample%2F9789629371838_preview.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hq-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hq_17-0"><sup><b>17.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hq_17-1"><sup><b>17.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20140325124740/http://calendar.huanqiu.com/japan_foundation_day">日本建國紀念日 环球日历</a>. 环球网. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-03-25</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://calendar.huanqiu.com/japan_foundation_day">原始内容</a>存档于2014-03-25).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.btitle=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%BB%BA%E5%9C%8B%E7%B4%80%E5%BF%B5%E6%97%A5+%E7%8E%AF%E7%90%83%E6%97%A5%E5%8E%86&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E7%8E%AF%E7%90%83%E7%BD%91&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcalendar.huanqiu.com%2Fjapan_foundation_day&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">河合敦. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nippon.com/cn/japan-topics/b06904/">日本明治时代的工业革命</a>. 2019-08-19 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2024-07-30</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240730090551/https://www.nippon.com/cn/japan-topics/b06904/">存档</a>于2024-07-30) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文(中国大陆)网页">(中文(中国大陆))</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.au=%E6%B2%B3%E5%90%88%E6%95%A6&rft.btitle=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%98%8E%E6%B2%BB%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3%E7%9A%84%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%9A%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD&rft.date=2019-08-19&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nippon.com%2Fcn%2Fjapan-topics%2Fb06904%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-17175834">Japan's contradictory military might</a>. BBC News. 2012-03-15 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2021-09-03</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211223090923/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-17175834">存档</a>于2021-12-23) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英国英语网页">(英国英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.atitle=Japan%27s+contradictory+military+might&rft.date=2012-03-15&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-asia-17175834&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tkp-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tkp_20-0"><sup><b>20.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tkp_20-1"><sup><b>20.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.takungpao.com.hk/world/focus/2013-03/1504827.html">中日誰才是亞洲的真正的主導者(圖)</a>. 大公網. 2013-03-21 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2013-12-10</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201109134923/http://news.takungpao.com.hk/world/focus/2013-03/1504827.html">存档</a>于2020-11-09).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%AD%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%B0%E6%89%8D%E6%98%AF%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E7%9A%84%E7%9C%9F%E6%AD%A3%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%BB%E5%B0%8E%E8%80%85%28%E5%9C%96%29&rft.date=2013-03-21&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC%E7%B6%B2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.takungpao.com.hk%2Fworld%2Ffocus%2F2013-03%2F1504827.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-eww-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-eww_21-0"><sup><b>21.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-eww_21-1"><sup><b>21.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-eww_21-2"><sup><b>21.2</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-eww_21-3"><sup><b>21.3</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-eww_21-4"><sup><b>21.4</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-eww_21-5"><sup><b>21.5</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.economywatch.com/world_economy/japan/export-import.html">Japan Export, Import & Trade</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2013-12-10</span>]</span>. 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(原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210105105736/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/japan/#economy">存档</a>于2021-01-05).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.atitle=Japan+-+The+World+Factbook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.cia.gov&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Fjapan%2F%23economy&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">小池清治. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20051028052305/http://toron.pepper.jp/jp/kodai/kigen/nippon.html">日本語は悪魔の言語か:日本の正式な読みは「ニッポン」?</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-03-20</span>]</span>. 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(原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210324133635/https://miko.org/~uraki/kuon/furu/text/syokki/syokki05.htm">存档</a>于2021-03-24).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.btitle=%E7%BA%8C%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E7%B4%80%EF%BC%9A%E5%8D%B7%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%94%E2%80%94%E5%85%83%E6%98%8E%E7%B4%80%E4%BA%8C&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmiko.org%2F~uraki%2Fkuon%2Ffuru%2Ftext%2Fsyokki%2Fsyokki05.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">大森和夫. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jlbooks.com.tw/Epaper/upload/StyleS/S38.htm">日語精讀教材(上)</a>. 致良出版社. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2013-12-10</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200921092041/http://www.jlbooks.com.tw/Epaper/upload/StyleS/S38.htm">存档</a>于2020-09-21).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.au=%E5%A4%A7%E6%A3%AE%E5%92%8C%E5%A4%AB&rft.btitle=%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%B2%BE%E8%AE%80%E6%95%99%E6%9D%90%EF%BC%88%E4%B8%8A%EF%BC%89&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E8%87%B4%E8%89%AF%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jlbooks.com.tw%2FEpaper%2Fupload%2FStyleS%2FS38.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">吉田孝. 『大系日本の歴史3 古代国家の歩み』. 小学馆ライブラリー. 1992-10. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/4-09-461003-0" title="Special:网络书源/4-09-461003-0">ISBN 4-09-461003-0</a> <b>(日语)</b>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://miko.org/~uraki/kuon/furu/text/kouki/kouki03.htm#kou03_02">日本後紀 卷第三 桓武紀三</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-03-20</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210324133615/https://miko.org/~uraki/kuon/furu/text/kouki/kouki03.htm#kou03_02">存档</a>于2021-03-24).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.btitle=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%BE%8C%E7%B4%80%E3%80%80%E5%8D%B7%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E3%80%80%E6%A1%93%E6%AD%A6%E7%B4%80%E4%B8%89&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmiko.org%2F~uraki%2Fkuon%2Ffuru%2Ftext%2Fkouki%2Fkouki03.htm%23kou03_02&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171201081612/https://miko.org/~uraki/kuon/furu/text/mokuroku/syoujiroku/syoujiroku.htm">新撰姓氏錄(しんせんしょうじろく)</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2013-12-10</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://miko.org/~uraki/kuon/furu/text/mokuroku/syoujiroku/syoujiroku.htm">原始内容</a>存档于2017-12-01).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.btitle=%E6%96%B0%E6%92%B0%E5%A7%93%E6%B0%8F%E9%8C%84%EF%BC%88%E3%81%97%E3%82%93%E3%81%9B%E3%82%93%E3%81%97%E3%82%87%E3%81%86%E3%81%98%E3%82%8D%E3%81%8F%EF%BC%89&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmiko.org%2F~uraki%2Fkuon%2Ffuru%2Ftext%2Fmokuroku%2Fsyoujiroku%2Fsyoujiroku.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kamakura-burabura.com/rekisiyositunedannourakassen.htm">源平合戦(壇ノ浦の戦い)ーー平氏滅亡</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2008-01-12</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210323081105/https://www.kamakura-burabura.com/rekisiyositunedannourakassen.htm">存档</a>于2021-03-23) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.btitle=%E6%BA%90%E5%B9%B3%E5%90%88%E6%88%A6%EF%BC%88%E5%A3%87%E3%83%8E%E6%B5%A6%E3%81%AE%E6%88%A6%E3%81%84%EF%BC%89%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BC%E5%B9%B3%E6%B0%8F%E6%BB%85%E4%BA%A1&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kamakura-burabura.com%2Frekisiyositunedannourakassen.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140320114057/https://isp.moe.edu.tw/resources/search_content.jsp?rno=1659169">北條氏的專權</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2013-12-11</span>]</span>. 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(原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210301063404/http://www.tamagawa.ac.jp/sisetu/kyouken/kamakura/goseibaishikimoku/exp.html">存档</a>于2021-03-01) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.btitle=%E5%BE%A1%E6%88%90%E6%95%97%E5%BC%8F%E7%9B%AE%E3%81%AE%E8%A6%81%E7%82%B9&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tamagawa.ac.jp%2Fsisetu%2Fkyouken%2Fkamakura%2Fgoseibaishikimoku%2Fexp.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20131209113707/http://www.ee-techs.com/japan/japan-2c.htm">鐮倉幕府的成立</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2013-12-09</span>]</span>. 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(原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190701042956/http://d.hatena.ne.jp/keyword/%BF%B7%C5%C4%B5%C1%C4%E7">存档</a>于2019-07-01).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.btitle=%E6%96%B0%E7%94%B0%E7%BE%A9%E8%B2%9E%E3%81%A8%E3%81%AF+-+%E3%81%AF%E3%81%A6%E3%81%AA%E3%82%AD%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AF%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fd.hatena.ne.jp%2Fkeyword%2F%25BF%25B7%25C5%25C4%25B5%25C1%25C4%25E7&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www9.wind.ne.jp/fujin/rekisi/nanboku/godaigo.htm">後醍醐天皇</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2013-12-09</span>]</span>. 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(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cc.matsuyama-u.ac.jp/~tamura/mannbokutyou.htm">原始内容</a>存档于2007-02-05) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.btitle=%E5%8D%97%E5%8C%97%E6%9C%9D%EF%BC%88%E6%9C%9F%EF%BC%89&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cc.matsuyama-u.ac.jp%2F~tamura%2Fmannbokutyou.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150402110322/http://qk.cass.cn/rbxk/qkml/2007year/1/200911/P020140416544758520115.pdf">中日邦交史值得研究</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. 中国社会科学院. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2015-03-21</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://qk.cass.cn/rbxk/qkml/2007year/1/200911/P020140416544758520115.pdf">原始内容</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>存档于2015-04-02).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%AD%E6%97%A5%E9%82%A6%E4%BA%A4%E5%8F%B2%E5%80%BC%E5%BE%97%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fqk.cass.cn%2Frbxk%2Fqkml%2F2007year%2F1%2F200911%2FP020140416544758520115.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Sansom, George. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofjapan00sans">A History of Japan: 1334–1615</a>. <a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%B9%E7%A6%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE" title="史丹福大學出版社">Stanford University Press</a>. 1961: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofjapan00sans/page/42">42</a>, 217. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0-8047-0525-9" title="Special:网络书源/0-8047-0525-9"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 0-8047-0525-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.aufirst=George&rft.aulast=Sansom&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Japan%3A+1334%E2%80%931615&rft.date=1961&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-8047-0525-9&rft.pages=42%2C+217&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryofjapan00sans&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">林明德. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.sina.com.tw/books/history/barticle/9414.html">本能寺之變</a>. 遠流出版公司. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2013-12-09</span>]</span>. 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(原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200722045627/http://www7a.biglobe.ne.jp/echigoya/jin/HashibaHideyoshi.html">存档</a>于2020-07-22).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.btitle=%E7%BE%BD%E6%9F%B4%E7%A7%80%E5%90%89%EF%BC%88%E3%81%AF%E3%81%97%E3%81%B0%E3%83%BB%E3%81%B2%E3%81%A7%E3%82%88%E3%81%97%EF%BC%89%E3%80%80%EF%BC%91%EF%BC%95%EF%BC%93%EF%BC%96%EF%BD%9E%EF%BC%91%EF%BC%95%EF%BC%99%EF%BC%98&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww7a.biglobe.ne.jp%2Fechigoya%2Fjin%2FHashibaHideyoshi.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.h4.dion.ne.jp/~kosak/korea.htm">文禄・慶長の役</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2013-12-10</span>]</span>. 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(原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200927170623/http://www.zipangguide.net/travel/sight/kagoshima/index.html">存档</a>于2020-09-27).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.btitle=%E9%B9%BF%E5%85%92%E5%B3%B6%E4%BB%8B%E7%B4%B9&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E8%A6%8B%E8%81%9E%E9%8C%84&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.zipangguide.net%2Ftravel%2Fsight%2Fkagoshima%2Findex.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">楊永良. 日本文化史: 日本文化的光与影. 語橋文化. 1999: 190–191. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9789579821636" title="Special:网络书源/9789579821636"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9789579821636</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.au=%E6%A5%8A%E6%B0%B8%E8%89%AF&rft.btitle=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%8F%B2%3A+%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E7%9A%84%E5%85%89%E4%B8%8E%E5%BD%B1&rft.date=1999&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9789579821636&rft.pages=190-191&rft.pub=%E8%AA%9E%E6%A9%8B%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ETM207-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ETM207_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%B6%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%AC%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A4%A8" title="江戶東京博物館">江戶東京博物館</a>展覽目錄. : 207.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.btitle=%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%B6%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%AC%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A4%A8%E5%B1%95%E8%A6%BD%E7%9B%AE%E9%8C%84&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=207&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">陳斌. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140427030342/http://data.book.hexun.com.tw/chapter-6364-1-6.shtml">脫亞入歐:日本的弒父情結(1)</a>. 陝西師範大學出版社. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2013-12-13</span>]</span>. 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(原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140427030004/http://news.qq.com/zt2011/zxzg/1904.htm">存档</a>于2014-04-27).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.btitle=1904%E5%B9%B4%E5%BA%A6%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6%EF%BC%9A%E6%97%A5%E4%BF%84%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E9%A8%B0%E8%A8%8A&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.qq.com%2Fzt2011%2Fzxzg%2F1904.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.japantimes.co.jp/opinion/2010/08/29/editorials/the-annexation-of-korea/#.VuwDt8fWXJw">The annexation of Korea</a>. 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(原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150122210220/http://www.ndl.go.jp/constitution/e/etc/c06.html">存档</a>于2015-01-22).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.btitle=Potsdam+Declaration%EF%BD%9CBirth+of+the+Constitution+of+Japan&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ndl.go.jp%2Fconstitution%2Fe%2Fetc%2Fc06.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061231090453/http://library.educationworld.net/txt15/surrend1.html">Japanese Instrument of Surrender</a>. educationworld.net. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2006-12-28</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://library.educationworld.net/txt15/surrend1.html">原始内容</a>存档于2006-12-31).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.btitle=Japanese+Instrument+of+Surrender&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=educationworld.net&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flibrary.educationworld.net%2Ftxt15%2Fsurrend1.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ft-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ft_98-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">崔新京, 李坚, 张志坤. 日本法西斯思想探源. 社会科学文献出版社. 2006. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9787802303065" title="Special:网络书源/9787802303065"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9787802303065</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.au=%E5%B4%94%E6%96%B0%E4%BA%AC%2C+%E6%9D%8E%E5%9D%9A%2C+%E5%BC%A0%E5%BF%97%E5%9D%A4&rft.btitle=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%B3%95%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%AF%E6%80%9D%E6%83%B3%E6%8E%A2%E6%BA%90&rft.date=2006&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9787802303065&rft.pub=%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E6%96%87%E7%8C%AE%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">苏智良, 荣维木, 陈丽菲. 日本侵华战争遗留问题和赔偿问题. 商务印书馆. 2005. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9787100046596" title="Special:网络书源/9787100046596"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9787100046596</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.au=%E8%8B%8F%E6%99%BA%E8%89%AF%2C+%E8%8D%A3%E7%BB%B4%E6%9C%A8%2C+%E9%99%88%E4%B8%BD%E8%8F%B2&rft.btitle=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E4%BE%B5%E5%8D%8E%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89%E9%81%97%E7%95%99%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98%E5%92%8C%E8%B5%94%E5%81%BF%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98&rft.date=2005&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9787100046596&rft.pub=%E5%95%86%E5%8A%A1%E5%8D%B0%E4%B9%A6%E9%A6%86&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-zbg-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-zbg_100-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">鄭保國. 美國霸權探析. 秀威出版. 2009. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9789862212943" title="Special:网络书源/9789862212943"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9789862212943</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.au=%E9%84%AD%E4%BF%9D%E5%9C%8B&rft.btitle=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9C%B8%E6%AC%8A%E6%8E%A2%E6%9E%90&rft.date=2009&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9789862212943&rft.pub=%E7%A7%80%E5%A8%81%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jc-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-jc_101-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">James Cotton, Ian Neary. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/koreanwarinhisto0000unse">The Korean War in History</a>. <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="曼徹斯特大學出版" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Manchester University Press"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9B%BC%E5%BE%B9%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="曼徹斯特大學出版(页面不存在)">Manchester University Press</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manchester_University_Press" class="extiw" title="en:Manchester University Press"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Manchester University Press</span></a></span>)</span></span>. 1989. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780719029844" title="Special:网络书源/9780719029844"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9780719029844</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.au=James+Cotton%2C+Ian+Neary&rft.btitle=The+Korean+War+in+History&rft.date=1989&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9780719029844&rft.pub=%3Cspan+class%3D%22ilh-all+%22+data-orig-title%3D%22%E6%9B%BC%E5%BE%B9%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%22+data-lang-code%3D%22en%22+data-lang-name%3D%22%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD%22+data-foreign-title%3D%22Manchester+University+Press%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22ilh-page%22%3EManchester+University+Press%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22noprint+ilh-comment%22%3E%EF%BC%88%3Cspan+class%3D%22ilh-lang%22%3E%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22ilh-colon%22%3E%EF%BC%9A%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22ilh-link%22%3E-%7B%3Cspan+lang%3D%22en%22+dir%3D%22auto%22%3EManchester+University+Press%3C%2Fspan%3E%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3E%EF%BC%89%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fkoreanwarinhisto0000unse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">鲁思平, 马平. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150403234622/http://old.globalview.cn/ReadNews.asp?NewsID=8029">朝鲜战争的美军“特需”使日本经济起死回生</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2015-03-21</span>]</span>. 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(原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150402134223/http://big5.chinastock.com.cn/yhwz_about.do?methodCall=getDetailInfo&docId=3690743">存档</a>于2015-04-02) –通过每經網.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.btitle=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E7%94%B3%E5%A5%A7%E6%88%90%E5%8A%9F+%E9%89%85%E9%A1%8D%E9%96%8B%E6%94%AF%E8%83%BD%E5%90%A6%E5%89%8A%E6%B8%9B%E5%82%B5%E5%8B%99%EF%BC%9F&rft.date=2013-09-10&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E6%AF%8F%E6%97%A5%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbig5.chinastock.com.cn%2Fyhwz_about.do%3FmethodCall%3DgetDetailInfo%26docId%3D3690743&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">张杨. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150923202822/http://www.chinac001.com/show_hdr.php?xname=PPDDMV0&dname=CULED41&xpos=116">美日冲绳问题与冲绳返还得以实现的原因</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2013-12-12</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.china001.com/show_hdr.php?xname=PPDDMV0&dname=CULED41&xpos=116">原始内容</a>存档于2015-09-23).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.au=%E5%BC%A0%E6%9D%A8&rft.btitle=%E7%BE%8E%E6%97%A5%E5%86%B2%E7%BB%B3%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98%E4%B8%8E%E5%86%B2%E7%BB%B3%E8%BF%94%E8%BF%98%E5%BE%97%E4%BB%A5%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0%E7%9A%84%E5%8E%9F%E5%9B%A0&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.china001.com%2Fshow_hdr.php%3Fxname%3DPPDDMV0%26dname%3DCULED41%26xpos%3D116&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304115958/http://japan.xinhuanet.com/2013-06/04/c_132428586_2.htm">政壇風雲:當日本"得罪"美國</a>. 新華網. 2013-06-04 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2013-12-10</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://japan.xinhuanet.com/2013-06/04/c_132428586_2.htm">原始内容</a>存档于2016-03-04).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.btitle=%E6%94%BF%E5%A3%87%E9%A2%A8%E9%9B%B2%EF%BC%9A%E7%95%B6%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%22%E5%BE%97%E7%BD%AA%22%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B&rft.date=2013-06-04&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E6%96%B0%E8%8F%AF%E7%B6%B2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjapan.xinhuanet.com%2F2013-06%2F04%2Fc_132428586_2.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://finance.qq.com/a/20160526/057768.htm">探寻日本泡沫经济的起始与破灭</a>. 腾讯财经. 2016-05-26 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2022-04-19</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160527012256/https://finance.qq.com/a/20160526/057768.htm">存档</a>于2016-05-27).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.atitle=%E6%8E%A2%E5%AF%BB%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%B3%A1%E6%B2%AB%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E7%9A%84%E8%B5%B7%E5%A7%8B%E4%B8%8E%E7%A0%B4%E7%81%AD&rft.date=2016-05-26&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E8%85%BE%E8%AE%AF%E8%B4%A2%E7%BB%8F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffinance.qq.com%2Fa%2F20160526%2F057768.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210310173304/http://paper.wenweipo.com/2013/07/21/YO1307210004.htm">自民黨今料奪參院 日派閥內戰烽煙四起</a>. <a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E6%B1%87%E6%8A%A5_(%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF)" title="文汇报 (香港)">文匯報</a>. 2013-07-21 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2013-12-10</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://paper.wenweipo.com/2013/07/21/YO1307210004.htm">原始内容</a>存档于2021-03-10).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.btitle=%E8%87%AA%E6%B0%91%E9%BB%A8%E4%BB%8A%E6%96%99%E5%A5%AA%E5%8F%83%E9%99%A2+%E6%97%A5%E6%B4%BE%E9%96%A5%E5%85%A7%E6%88%B0%E7%83%BD%E7%85%99%E5%9B%9B%E8%B5%B7&rft.date=2013-07-21&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E6%96%87%E5%8C%AF%E5%A0%B1&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpaper.wenweipo.com%2F2013%2F07%2F21%2FYO1307210004.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">池谷知明. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210324134042/https://www.nippon.com/hk/in-depth/a02302/">日本首相和義大利總理為何「短命」</a>. nippon.com. 2013-11-18 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2013-12-09</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nippon.com/hk/in-depth/a02302/">原始内容</a>存档于2021-03-24).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.au=%E6%B1%A0%E8%B0%B7%E7%9F%A5%E6%98%8E&rft.btitle=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E9%A6%96%E7%9B%B8%E5%92%8C%E7%BE%A9%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E7%B8%BD%E7%90%86%E7%82%BA%E4%BD%95%E3%80%8C%E7%9F%AD%E5%91%BD%E3%80%8D&rft.date=2013-11-18&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=nippon.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nippon.com%2Fhk%2Fin-depth%2Fa02302%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/5178822.stm">Japan scraps zero interest rates</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC">BBC</a>. 2006-07-14 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2006-12-28</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210122023010/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/5178822.stm">存档</a>于2021-01-22).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.btitle=Japan+scraps+zero+interest+rates&rft.date=2006-07-14&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=BBC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fbusiness%2F5178822.stm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20140317094153/http://digital.sina.com.hk/news/-7-1442246/1.html">平井一夫: Sony 正走在復興的路上</a>. 新浪網. 2013-11-13 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2013-12-10</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digital.sina.com.hk/news/-7-1442246/1.html">原始内容</a>存档于2014-03-17).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.btitle=%E5%B9%B3%E4%BA%95%E4%B8%80%E5%A4%AB%EF%BC%9A+Sony+%E6%AD%A3%E8%B5%B0%E5%9C%A8%E5%BE%A9%E8%88%88%E7%9A%84%E8%B7%AF%E4%B8%8A&rft.date=2013-11-13&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E6%96%B0%E6%B5%AA%E7%B6%B2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdigital.sina.com.hk%2Fnews%2F-7-1442246%2F1.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dailynews.sina.com/bg/news/int/chinanews/20110404/18022348522.html">菅直人政權救災不力 自民黨有望參與執政</a>. 中國青年報. 2011-04-05 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2015-03-21</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201218082422/http://dailynews.sina.com/bg/news/int/chinanews/20110404/18022348522.html">存档</a>于2020-12-18) –通过新浪網.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.btitle=%E8%8F%85%E7%9B%B4%E4%BA%BA%E6%94%BF%E6%AC%8A%E6%95%91%E7%81%BD%E4%B8%8D%E5%8A%9B+%E8%87%AA%E6%B0%91%E9%BB%A8%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%9B%E5%8F%83%E8%88%87%E5%9F%B7%E6%94%BF&rft.date=2011-04-05&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E9%9D%92%E5%B9%B4%E5%A0%B1&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdailynews.sina.com%2Fbg%2Fnews%2Fint%2Fchinanews%2F20110404%2F18022348522.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-e2-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-e2_115-0"><sup><b>113.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-e2_115-1"><sup><b>113.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.e2.com.tw/utf-8/sp2012/12461518.htm">承諾跳票人民怒 民主黨慘敗 安倍回任做首相</a>. 壹凸新聞. 2012-12 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2013-12-10</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130121161055/http://news.e2.com.tw/utf-8/sp2012/12461518.htm">存档</a>于2013-01-21).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.btitle=%E6%89%BF%E8%AB%BE%E8%B7%B3%E7%A5%A8%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E6%80%92+%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E9%BB%A8%E6%85%98%E6%95%97+%E5%AE%89%E5%80%8D%E5%9B%9E%E4%BB%BB%E5%81%9A%E9%A6%96%E7%9B%B8&rft.date=2012-12&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E5%A3%B9%E5%87%B8%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.e2.com.tw%2Futf-8%2Fsp2012%2F12461518.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-www86-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-www86_116-0"><sup><b>114.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-www86_116-1"><sup><b>114.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.sina.com.tw/article/20130828/10519611.html">日本修憲派擬改走軟化路線 認為冒進將招致反感</a>. 新浪網. 2013-08-28 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2013-12-13</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131215213947/http://news.sina.com.tw/article/20130828/10519611.html">存档</a>于2013-12-15).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.btitle=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E4%BF%AE%E6%86%B2%E6%B4%BE%E6%93%AC%E6%94%B9%E8%B5%B0%E8%BB%9F%E5%8C%96%E8%B7%AF%E7%B7%9A+%E8%AA%8D%E7%82%BA%E5%86%92%E9%80%B2%E5%B0%87%E6%8B%9B%E8%87%B4%E5%8F%8D%E6%84%9F&rft.date=2013-08-28&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E6%96%B0%E6%B5%AA%E7%B6%B2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.sina.com.tw%2Farticle%2F20130828%2F10519611.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mdnkids-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mdnkids_117-0"><sup><b>115.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mdnkids_117-1"><sup><b>115.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mdnkids_117-2"><sup><b>115.2</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mdnkids_117-3"><sup><b>115.3</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131213054016/http://www.mdnkids.com/nie/nie_indicate/Unit7/W-960523N15/W-960523N15.htm">日本修憲 和平與戰爭拉鋸</a>. 臺灣讀報教育指南. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2013-12-10</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mdnkids.com/nie/nie_indicate/Unit7/W-960523N15/W-960523N15.htm">原始内容</a>存档于2013-12-13).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.btitle=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E4%BF%AE%E6%86%B2%E3%80%80%E5%92%8C%E5%B9%B3%E8%88%87%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD%E6%8B%89%E9%8B%B8&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E8%AE%80%E5%A0%B1%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E6%8C%87%E5%8D%97&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mdnkids.com%2Fnie%2Fnie_indicate%2FUnit7%2FW-960523N15%2FW-960523N15.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kenpou-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-kenpou_118-0"><sup><b>116.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kenpou_118-1"><sup><b>116.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131221080225/https://www.jimin.jp/policy/pamphlet/pdf/kenpou_qa.pdf">日本国憲法改正草案(增補版)</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E9%BB%A8_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" class="mw-redirect" title="自由民主黨 (日本)">自民党</a>. 2012-04-27 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2013-12-10</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jimin.jp/policy/pamphlet/pdf/kenpou_qa.pdf">原始内容</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>存档于2013-12-21).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.btitle=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%9B%BD%E6%86%B2%E6%B3%95%E6%94%B9%E6%AD%A3%E8%8D%89%E6%A1%88%EF%BC%88%E5%A2%9E%E8%A3%9C%E7%89%88%EF%BC%89&rft.date=2012-04-27&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E8%87%AA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%9A&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jimin.jp%2Fpolicy%2Fpamphlet%2Fpdf%2Fkenpou_qa.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jimin116667-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-jimin116667_119-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131214091331/https://www.jimin.jp/activity/colum/116667.html">「憲法改正草案」を発表</a>. 自民黨. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2013-12-10</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jimin.jp/activity/colum/116667.html">原始内容</a>存档于2013-12-14).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8C%E6%86%B2%E6%B3%95%E6%94%B9%E6%AD%A3%E8%8D%89%E6%A1%88%E3%80%8D%E3%82%92%E7%99%BA%E8%A1%A8&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E8%87%AA%E6%B0%91%E9%BB%A8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jimin.jp%2Factivity%2Fcolum%2F116667.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hantai-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hantai_120-0"><sup><b>118.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hantai_120-1"><sup><b>118.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://paper.wenweipo.com/2013/11/23/GJ1311230036.htm">小澤一郎專訪:日本修憲違人權 安倍建軍 走錯路</a>. 文匯報. 2013-11-23 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2013-12-11</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131125184023/http://paper.wenweipo.com/2013/11/23/GJ1311230036.htm">存档</a>于2013-11-25).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.btitle=%E5%B0%8F%E6%BE%A4%E4%B8%80%E9%83%8E%E5%B0%88%E8%A8%AA%EF%BC%9A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E4%BF%AE%E6%86%B2%E9%81%95%E4%BA%BA%E6%AC%8A+%E5%AE%89%E5%80%8D%E5%BB%BA%E8%BB%8D+%E8%B5%B0%E9%8C%AF%E8%B7%AF&rft.date=2013-11-23&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E6%96%87%E5%8C%AF%E5%A0%B1&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpaper.wenweipo.com%2F2013%2F11%2F23%2FGJ1311230036.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://paper.wenweipo.com/2013/12/08/YO1312080014.htm">日強推秘密法 恐恃勢硬修憲</a>. <a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E6%B1%87%E6%8A%A5_(%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF)" title="文汇报 (香港)">文匯報</a>. 2013-12-08 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2013-12-11</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210322175241/http://paper.wenweipo.com/2013/12/08/YO1312080014.htm">存档</a>于2021-03-22).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.btitle=%E6%97%A5%E5%BC%B7%E6%8E%A8%E7%A7%98%E5%AF%86%E6%B3%95+%E6%81%90%E6%81%83%E5%8B%A2%E7%A1%AC%E4%BF%AE%E6%86%B2&rft.date=2013-12-08&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E6%96%87%E5%8C%AF%E5%A0%B1&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpaper.wenweipo.com%2F2013%2F12%2F08%2FYO1312080014.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://finance.chinanews.com/cj/2013/11-04/5458704.shtml">日本繼續維持量化寬鬆政策</a>. <a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E6%97%A5%E6%8A%A5_(%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD)" class="mw-redirect" title="经济日报 (中华人民共和国)">经济日报</a>. 2013-11-04 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-02-09</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200409012043/http://finance.chinanews.com/cj/2013/11-04/5458704.shtml">存档</a>于2020-04-09) –通过中新網.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.btitle=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E7%B9%BC%E7%BA%8C%E7%B6%AD%E6%8C%81%E9%87%8F%E5%8C%96%E5%AF%AC%E9%AC%86%E6%94%BF%E7%AD%96&rft.date=2013-11-04&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E6%97%A5%E6%8A%A5&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffinance.chinanews.com%2Fcj%2F2013%2F11-04%2F5458704.shtml&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-whjg-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-whjg_123-0"><sup><b>121.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-whjg_123-1"><sup><b>121.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://finance.china.com.cn/money/forex/whjgzl/20131209/2030646.shtml">日元一貶再貶 凱恩斯也叫不回來</a>. 中國網. 2013-12-09 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2015-06-11</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210324134143/http://finance.china.com.cn/money/forex/whjgzl/20131209/2030646.shtml">存档</a>于2021-03-24).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.btitle=%E6%97%A5%E5%85%83%E4%B8%80%E8%B2%B6%E5%86%8D%E8%B2%B6+%E5%87%B1%E6%81%A9%E6%96%AF%E4%B9%9F%E5%8F%AB%E4%B8%8D%E5%9B%9E%E4%BE%86&rft.date=2013-12-09&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E7%B6%B2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffinance.china.com.cn%2Fmoney%2Fforex%2Fwhjgzl%2F20131209%2F2030646.shtml&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://geft.edn.udn.com/files/15-1000-2829,c88-1.php">日本:是的!經濟正在復甦</a>. <a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E6%97%A5%E5%A0%B1_(%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3)" class="mw-redirect" title="經濟日報 (台灣)">經濟日報</a>. 2014-01-18 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-02-09</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171229232257/https://geft.edn.udn.com/files/15-1000-2829,c88-1.php">存档</a>于2017-12-29).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.btitle=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%EF%BC%9A%E6%98%AF%E7%9A%84%EF%BC%81%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E6%AD%A3%E5%9C%A8%E5%BE%A9%E7%94%A6&rft.date=2014-01-18&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E6%97%A5%E5%A0%B1&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgeft.edn.udn.com%2Ffiles%2F15-1000-2829%2Cc88-1.php&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.cnyes.com/Content/20131227/KHC4MIV3OC41R.shtml">經濟觀察─日本通脹穩步上行,工業產出連續增長</a>. 鉅亨網. 2013-12-27 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-02-09</span>]</span>. 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(原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150404164803/http://news.cnyes.com/Content/20140204/KITKPGGQ3XR9E.shtml">存档</a>于2015-04-04) –通过鉅亨網.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.btitle=12%E6%9C%88%E5%A4%B1%E6%A5%AD%E7%8E%87%E9%99%8D%E8%87%B33.7%25+%E5%89%B56%E5%B9%B4%E6%96%B0%E4%BD%8E&rft.date=2014-02-04&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E7%B2%BE%E5%AF%A6%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.cnyes.com%2FContent%2F20140204%2FKITKPGGQ3XR9E.shtml&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hk.finance.yahoo.com/news/美元升至103日圓-帶動日經平均指數漲至近六年高位-072706256.html">美元升至103日圓 帶動日經平均指數漲至近六年高位</a>. infocast. 2013-12-03 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2013-12-09</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201105054432/https://hk.finance.yahoo.com/news/%E7%BE%8E%E5%85%83%E5%8D%87%E8%87%B3103%E6%97%A5%E5%9C%93-%E5%B8%B6%E5%8B%95%E6%97%A5%E7%B6%93%E5%B9%B3%E5%9D%87%E6%8C%87%E6%95%B8%E6%BC%B2%E8%87%B3%E8%BF%91%E5%85%AD%E5%B9%B4%E9%AB%98%E4%BD%8D-072706256.html">存档</a>于2020-11-05).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.btitle=%E7%BE%8E%E5%85%83%E5%8D%87%E8%87%B3103%E6%97%A5%E5%9C%93+%E5%B8%B6%E5%8B%95%E6%97%A5%E7%B6%93%E5%B9%B3%E5%9D%87%E6%8C%87%E6%95%B8%E6%BC%B2%E8%87%B3%E8%BF%91%E5%85%AD%E5%B9%B4%E9%AB%98%E4%BD%8D&rft.date=2013-12-03&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=infocast&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhk.finance.yahoo.com%2Fnews%2F%E7%BE%8E%E5%85%83%E5%8D%87%E8%87%B3103%E6%97%A5%E5%9C%93-%E5%B8%B6%E5%8B%95%E6%97%A5%E7%B6%93%E5%B9%B3%E5%9D%87%E6%8C%87%E6%95%B8%E6%BC%B2%E8%87%B3%E8%BF%91%E5%85%AD%E5%B9%B4%E9%AB%98%E4%BD%8D-072706256.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cna.com.tw/news/firstnews/201812260061.aspx">日本宣布退出國際捕鯨委員會 重啟中斷30年商業捕鯨 | 國際 | 重點新聞 | 中央社 CNA</a>. 中央通訊社. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2021-09-01</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181226080059/https://www.cna.com.tw/news/firstnews/201812260061.aspx">存档</a>于2018-12-26) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文(臺灣)网页">(中文(臺灣))</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.atitle=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%AE%A3%E5%B8%83%E9%80%80%E5%87%BA%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E6%8D%95%E9%AF%A8%E5%A7%94%E5%93%A1%E6%9C%83+%E9%87%8D%E5%95%9F%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%B730%E5%B9%B4%E5%95%86%E6%A5%AD%E6%8D%95%E9%AF%A8+%7C+%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B+%7C+%E9%87%8D%E9%BB%9E%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E+%7C+%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E7%A4%BE+CNA&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E9%80%9A%E8%A8%8A%E7%A4%BE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cna.com.tw%2Fnews%2Ffirstnews%2F201812260061.aspx&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Victor, Daniel. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/26/world/asia/japan-whaling-withdrawal.html">Japan to Resume Commercial Whaling, Defying International Ban</a>. The New York Times. 2018-12-26 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2021-09-01</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211223101153/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/26/world/asia/japan-whaling-withdrawal.html">存档</a>于2021-12-23) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到美国英语网页">(美国英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.atitle=Japan+to+Resume+Commercial+Whaling%2C+Defying+International+Ban&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft.aulast=Victor&rft.date=2018-12-26&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2018%2F12%2F26%2Fworld%2Fasia%2Fjapan-whaling-withdrawal.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nikkei.com/article/DGXMZO43166640R00C19A4000000/">新元号「令和」、出典は「万葉集」 官房長官(写真=共同)</a>. 日本経済新聞. 2019-04-01 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2021-05-04</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20190401024806/https://www.nikkei.com/article/DGXMZO43166640R00C19A4000000/">存档</a>于2019-04-01) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.atitle=%E6%96%B0%E5%85%83%E5%8F%B7%E3%80%8C%E4%BB%A4%E5%92%8C%E3%80%8D%E3%80%81%E5%87%BA%E5%85%B8%E3%81%AF%E3%80%8C%E4%B8%87%E8%91%89%E9%9B%86%E3%80%8D+%E5%AE%98%E6%88%BF%E9%95%B7%E5%AE%98%EF%BC%88%E5%86%99%E7%9C%9F%3D%E5%85%B1%E5%90%8C%EF%BC%89&rft.date=2019-04-01&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E7%B5%8C%E6%B8%88%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nikkei.com%2Farticle%2FDGXMZO43166640R00C19A4000000%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.tv-asahi.co.jp/news_politics/articles/000151170.html">新元号「令和」 外務省が195カ国に「Reiwa」と通達</a>. テレ朝news. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2021-05-04</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211213033715/https://news.tv-asahi.co.jp/news_politics/articles/000151170.html">存档</a>于2021-12-13) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.atitle=%E6%96%B0%E5%85%83%E5%8F%B7%E3%80%8C%E4%BB%A4%E5%92%8C%E3%80%8D+%E5%A4%96%E5%8B%99%E7%9C%81%E3%81%8C195%E3%82%AB%E5%9B%BD%E3%81%AB%E3%80%8CReiwa%E3%80%8D%E3%81%A8%E9%80%9A%E9%81%94&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E3%83%86%E3%83%AC%E6%9C%9Dnews&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.tv-asahi.co.jp%2Fnews_politics%2Farticles%2F000151170.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/simp/science-56728949">福岛核电站灾难10年后争议再起:核废水将排放入海,中韩台环境团体纷表不满</a>. <a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD%E5%B9%BF%E6%92%AD%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8" title="英国广播公司">BBC中文网</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2021-04-13</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210630095252/https://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/simp/science-56728949">原始内容</a>存档于2021-06-30).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.btitle=%E7%A6%8F%E5%B2%9B%E6%A0%B8%E7%94%B5%E7%AB%99%E7%81%BE%E9%9A%BE10%E5%B9%B4%E5%90%8E%E4%BA%89%E8%AE%AE%E5%86%8D%E8%B5%B7%EF%BC%9A%E6%A0%B8%E5%BA%9F%E6%B0%B4%E5%B0%86%E6%8E%92%E6%94%BE%E5%85%A5%E6%B5%B7%EF%BC%8C%E4%B8%AD%E9%9F%A9%E5%8F%B0%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E5%9B%A2%E4%BD%93%E7%BA%B7%E8%A1%A8%E4%B8%8D%E6%BB%A1&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=BBC%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87%E7%BD%91&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20210630095252%2Fhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fzhongwen%2Fsimp%2Fscience-56728949&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dw.com/zh/%E4%B8%AD%E9%9F%A9%E4%B8%A4%E5%9B%BD%E5%8F%8D%E5%AF%B9%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E7%9A%84%E6%A0%B8%E5%BA%9F%E6%B0%B4%E6%8E%92%E6%94%BE%E8%AE%A1%E5%88%92/a-57201366">日本确定排福岛核废水入海 邻国表示反对</a>. <a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD%E4%B9%8B%E5%A3%B0" title="德国之声">德国之声中文网</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2021-04-13</span>]</span>. 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(原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210324134302/https://www.indexmundi.com/g/r.aspx?v=21000">存档</a>于2021-03-24).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.btitle=Population+density+-+Country+Comparison&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=index+mundi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.indexmundi.com%2Fg%2Fr.aspx%3Fv%3D21000&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-#1-139"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-#1_139-0"><sup><b>137.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-#1_139-1"><sup><b>137.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tt.rim.or.jp/~ishato/tiri/code/code.htm">市町村コード一覧表</a>. <span lang="ja">総務省</span>. 2013-08-23 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-03-25</span>]</span>. 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(原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130120191900/http://www.gsi.go.jp/atlas/archive/j-atlas-d_2j_03.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2013-01-20).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.btitle=3%E3%80%80%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E5%9B%BD%E5%9C%9F%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E9%99%A2%E9%83%A8&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gsi.go.jp%2Fatlas%2Farchive%2Fj-atlas-d_2j_03.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130501103201/http://www.jma.go.jp/jma/kishou/know/whitep/2-1.html">地震と火山</a>. <a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A3%E8%B1%A1%E5%BB%B3_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" title="氣象廳 (日本)">気象庁</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2012-02-05</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jma.go.jp/jma/kishou/know/whitep/2-1.html">原始内容</a>存档于2013-05-01) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.btitle=%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E3%81%A8%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E6%B0%97%E8%B1%A1%E5%BA%81&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jma.go.jp%2Fjma%2Fkishou%2Fknow%2Fwhitep%2F2-1.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ett-142"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ett_142-0"><sup><b>140.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ett_142-1"><sup><b>140.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ettoday.net/news/20120430/42934.htm">硫磺島近海變色 日:未來恐海底噴火</a>. 東森新聞. 2012-04-30 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2013-12-09</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210324134238/https://www.ettoday.net/news/20120430/42934.htm">存档</a>于2021-03-24).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.btitle=%E7%A1%AB%E7%A3%BA%E5%B3%B6%E8%BF%91%E6%B5%B7%E8%AE%8A%E8%89%B2%E3%80%80%E6%97%A5%EF%BC%9A%E6%9C%AA%E4%BE%86%E6%81%90%E6%B5%B7%E5%BA%95%E5%99%B4%E7%81%AB&rft.date=2012-04-30&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E6%9D%B1%E6%A3%AE%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ettoday.net%2Fnews%2F20120430%2F42934.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">楊鵬. 《日本 地震成就建筑》,中国国家地理雜誌 2008年 第6期 地震專輯. 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.au=%E6%A5%8A%E9%B5%AC&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC+%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E6%88%90%E5%B0%B1%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E3%80%8B%EF%BC%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E9%9B%9C%E8%AA%8C+2008%E5%B9%B4+%E7%AC%AC6%E6%9C%9F+%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E5%B0%88%E8%BC%AF&rft.date=2008&rft.genre=book&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">《世界進入強震周期?》,中國國家地理雜誌 2008年 第6期 地震專輯. 思遠. 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E9%80%B2%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%B7%E9%9C%87%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%EF%BC%9F%E3%80%8B%EF%BC%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E9%9B%9C%E8%AA%8C+2008%E5%B9%B4+%E7%AC%AC6%E6%9C%9F+%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E5%B0%88%E8%BC%AF&rft.date=2008&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=%E6%80%9D%E9%81%A0&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-xiamen-dixing-145"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-xiamen-dixing_145-0"><sup><b>143.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-xiamen-dixing_145-1"><sup><b>143.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070823203241/http://japan.xmu.edu.cn/website2.aspx?language=gb&research_id=33">日本的地形地貌</a>. 廈門大學日本研究所 《走進日本》. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-02-16</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://japan.xmu.edu.cn/website2.aspx?language=gb&research_id=33">原始内容</a>存档于2007-08-23).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.btitle=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E7%9A%84%E5%9C%B0%E5%BD%A2%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E5%BB%88%E9%96%80%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%89%80+%E3%80%8A%E8%B5%B0%E9%80%B2%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E3%80%8B&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjapan.xmu.edu.cn%2Fwebsite2.aspx%3Flanguage%3Dgb%26research_id%3D33&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.damnet.or.jp/jdf/jandw_f.html">日本のダム・世界のダム</a>. <span lang="ja">財団法人 日本ダム協会</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2012-02-02</span>]</span>. 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(原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210316111952/http://www.chincold.org.cn/chincold/zt/dwj/hyzn/webinfo/2009/9/1280908328407292.htm">存档</a>于2021-03-16).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.btitle=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%B0%B4%E5%88%A9%E6%B0%B4%E7%94%B5%E6%83%85%E5%86%B5%E4%BB%8B%E7%BB%8D&rft.date=2008-10-20&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%B4%E7%A7%91%E9%99%A2%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chincold.org.cn%2Fchincold%2Fzt%2Fdwj%2Fhyzn%2Fwebinfo%2F2009%2F9%2F1280908328407292.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20040820113053/http://www.mlit.go.jp/river/jiten/nihon_kawa/84035/84035-2.html">信濃川</a>. 国土交通省. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2008-01-12</span>]</span>. 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(原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140705040954/http://www.jnto.go.jp/eng/indepth/exotic/JapanesQue/1106/ogasawara.html">存档</a>于2014-07-05).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.btitle=World+Heritage+Ogasawara+Islands&rft.date=2011-07&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Japan+National+Tourism+Organization&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnto.go.jp%2Feng%2Findepth%2Fexotic%2FJapanesQue%2F1106%2Fogasawara.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nippon.com/hk/features/c00507/">【國立環境研究所】開啟未來的生物遺傳訊息</a>. nippon.com. 2012-10-16 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2013-12-09</span>]</span>. 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European Journal of Law and Economics. 1999-01-01, <b>7</b> (1): 93–95. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0929-1261"><span title="国际标准连续出版物号">ISSN 0929-1261</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1023%2FA%3A1008688209052"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1023/A:1008688209052</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.atitle=German+influences+on+Japanese+Pre-War+Constitution+and+Civil+Code&rft.aufirst=Shigenari&rft.aulast=Kanamori&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=0929-1261&rft.issue=1&rft.jtitle=European+Journal+of+Law+and+Economics&rft.pages=93-95&rft.volume=7&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1023%2FA%3A1008688209052&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-176"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-176">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kantei.go.jp/foreign/judiciary/0620system.html">The Japanese Judicial System</a>. Office of the Prime Minister of Japan. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-03-27</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130116032711/http://www.kantei.go.jp/foreign/judiciary/0620system.html">存档</a>于2013-01-16).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.btitle=The+Japanese+Judicial+System&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Office+of+the+Prime+Minister+of+Japan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kantei.go.jp%2Fforeign%2Fjudiciary%2F0620system.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-177"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-177">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Dean, Meryll. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japaneselegalsys00dean">Japanese legal system: text, cases & materials</a> 2nd. Cavendish. 2002: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japaneselegalsys00dean/page/131">131</a>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-1-85941-673-0" title="Special:网络书源/978-1-85941-673-0"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-1-85941-673-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.aufirst=Meryll&rft.aulast=Dean&rft.btitle=Japanese+legal+system%3A+text%2C+cases+%26+materials&rft.date=2002&rft.edition=2nd&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-1-85941-673-0&rft.pages=131&rft.pub=Cavendish&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjapaneselegalsys00dean&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-世界大百科事典日本国憲法-178"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-世界大百科事典日本国憲法_178-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E4%BA%8B%E5%85%B8_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" class="mw-redirect" title="世界大百科事典 (日本)">世界大百科事典</a>「日本國憲法」. <a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%87%A1%E7%A4%BE" title="平凡社">平凡社</a>. 2007. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9784582034004" title="Special:网络书源/9784582034004"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9784582034004</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E4%BA%8B%E5%85%B8%E3%80%8C%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%8B%E6%86%B2%E6%B3%95%E3%80%8D&rft.date=2007&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9784582034004&rft.pub=%E5%B9%B3%E5%87%A1%E7%A4%BE&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-179"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-179">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131204210443/http://japan.xmu.edu.cn/website2.aspx?language=gb&research_id=4">日本政治體制</a>. 厦门大学 日本研究所. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-03-02</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://japan.xmu.edu.cn/website2.aspx?language=gb&research_id=4">原始内容</a>存档于2013-12-04).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.btitle=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E9%AB%94%E5%88%B6&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E5%8E%A6%E9%97%A8%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6+%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%89%80&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjapan.xmu.edu.cn%2Fwebsite2.aspx%3Flanguage%3Dgb%26research_id%3D4&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-180"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-180">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://udn.com/news/story/6809/1000765-18歲投票!-日本通過了">18歲投票! 日本通過了</a>. udn. 2015-06-18 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2016-03-17</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303024706/http://udn.com/news/story/6809/1000765-18%E6%AD%B2%E6%8A%95%E7%A5%A8%EF%BC%81-%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E9%80%9A%E9%81%8E%E4%BA%86">存档</a>于2016-03-03).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.btitle=18%E6%AD%B2%E6%8A%95%E7%A5%A8%EF%BC%81+%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E9%80%9A%E9%81%8E%E4%BA%86&rft.date=2015-06-18&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=udn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fudn.com%2Fnews%2Fstory%2F6809%2F1000765-18%E6%AD%B2%E6%8A%95%E7%A5%A8%EF%BC%81-%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E9%80%9A%E9%81%8E%E4%BA%86&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-181"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-181">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170706040109/http://law.e-gov.go.jp/cgi-bin/idxselect.cgi?IDX_OPT=1&H_NAME=%8c%9b%96%40&H_NAME_YOMI=%82%a0&H_NO_GENGO=H&H_NO_YEAR=&H_NO_TYPE=2&H_NO_NO=&H_FILE_NAME=S21KE000&H_RYAKU=1&H_CTG=1&H_YOMI_GUN=1&H_CTG_GUN=1">日本国憲法第45条</a>. 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(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://law.e-gov.go.jp/cgi-bin/idxselect.cgi?IDX_OPT=1&H_NAME=%8c%9b%96%40&H_NAME_YOMI=%82%a0&H_NO_GENGO=H&H_NO_YEAR=&H_NO_TYPE=2&H_NO_NO=&H_FILE_NAME=S21KE000&H_RYAKU=1&H_CTG=1&H_YOMI_GUN=1&H_CTG_GUN=1">原始内容</a>存档于2017-07-06).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.btitle=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%9B%BD%E6%86%B2%E6%B3%95%E7%AC%AC45%E6%9D%A1&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Law.e-gov.go.jp&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flaw.e-gov.go.jp%2Fcgi-bin%2Fidxselect.cgi%3FIDX_OPT%3D1%26H_NAME%3D%258c%259b%2596%2540%26H_NAME_YOMI%3D%2582%25a0%26H_NO_GENGO%3DH%26H_NO_YEAR%3D%26H_NO_TYPE%3D2%26H_NO_NO%3D%26H_FILE_NAME%3DS21KE000%26H_RYAKU%3D1%26H_CTG%3D1%26H_YOMI_GUN%3D1%26H_CTG_GUN%3D1&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-182"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-182">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170706040109/http://law.e-gov.go.jp/cgi-bin/idxselect.cgi?IDX_OPT=1&H_NAME=%8c%9b%96%40&H_NAME_YOMI=%82%a0&H_NO_GENGO=H&H_NO_YEAR=&H_NO_TYPE=2&H_NO_NO=&H_FILE_NAME=S21KE000&H_RYAKU=1&H_CTG=1&H_YOMI_GUN=1&H_CTG_GUN=1">日本国憲法第46条</a>. Law.e-gov.go.jp. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2017-05-23</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://law.e-gov.go.jp/cgi-bin/idxselect.cgi?IDX_OPT=1&H_NAME=%8c%9b%96%40&H_NAME_YOMI=%82%a0&H_NO_GENGO=H&H_NO_YEAR=&H_NO_TYPE=2&H_NO_NO=&H_FILE_NAME=S21KE000&H_RYAKU=1&H_CTG=1&H_YOMI_GUN=1&H_CTG_GUN=1">原始内容</a>存档于2017-07-06).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.btitle=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%9B%BD%E6%86%B2%E6%B3%95%E7%AC%AC46%E6%9D%A1&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Law.e-gov.go.jp&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flaw.e-gov.go.jp%2Fcgi-bin%2Fidxselect.cgi%3FIDX_OPT%3D1%26H_NAME%3D%258c%259b%2596%2540%26H_NAME_YOMI%3D%2582%25a0%26H_NO_GENGO%3DH%26H_NO_YEAR%3D%26H_NO_TYPE%3D2%26H_NO_NO%3D%26H_FILE_NAME%3DS21KE000%26H_RYAKU%3D1%26H_CTG%3D1%26H_YOMI_GUN%3D1%26H_CTG_GUN%3D1&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-183"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-183">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140318134731/http://big5.workercn.cn/theory.workercn.cn/c/2010/07/21/14322324860075.html">日本民主黨參議院選舉失敗的原因</a>. 中工網. 2010-07-21 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-03-14</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://big5.workercn.cn/theory.workercn.cn/c/2010/07/21/14322324860075.html">原始内容</a>存档于2014-03-18).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.btitle=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E9%BB%A8%E5%8F%83%E8%AD%B0%E9%99%A2%E9%81%B8%E8%88%89%E5%A4%B1%E6%95%97%E7%9A%84%E5%8E%9F%E5%9B%A0&rft.date=2010-07-21&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E4%B8%AD%E5%B7%A5%E7%B6%B2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbig5.workercn.cn%2Ftheory.workercn.cn%2Fc%2F2010%2F07%2F21%2F14322324860075.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-184"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-184">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Fackler, Martin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/27/world/asia/shinzo-abe-selected-as-japans-prime-minister.html?_r=1&">Ex-Premier Is Chosen To Govern Japan Again</a>. <a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%90%E7%B4%84%E6%99%82%E5%A0%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="紐約時報">The New York Times</a> (New York). 2013-12-27 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2013-03-12</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150509010735/http://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/27/world/asia/shinzo-abe-selected-as-japans-prime-minister.html?_r=1&">存档</a>于2015-05-09).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.atitle=Ex-Premier+Is+Chosen+To+Govern+Japan+Again&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft.aulast=Fackler&rft.date=2013-12-27&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2012%2F12%2F27%2Fworld%2Fasia%2Fshinzo-abe-selected-as-japans-prime-minister.html%3F_r%3D1%26&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Constitution-185"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Constitution_185-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110409032655/http://www.kantei.go.jp/foreign/constitution_and_government_of_japan/constitution_e.html">The Constitution of Japan</a>. Prime Minister of Japan and His Cabinet. 1946-11-03 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-02-14</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kantei.go.jp/foreign/constitution_and_government_of_japan/constitution_e.html">原始内容</a>存档于2011-04-09).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.btitle=The+Constitution+of+Japan&rft.date=1946-11-03&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Prime+Minister+of+Japan+and+His+Cabinet&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kantei.go.jp%2Fforeign%2Fconstitution_and_government_of_japan%2Fconstitution_e.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-186"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-186">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.xinhuanet.com/world/2013-07/22/c_125041646.htm">日本执政联盟在参议院选举中获胜</a>. 新華社. 2013-07-22 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-03-14</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130909172308/http://news.xinhuanet.com/world/2013-07/22/c_125041646.htm">存档</a>于2013-09-09).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.btitle=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%89%A7%E6%94%BF%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F%E5%9C%A8%E5%8F%82%E8%AE%AE%E9%99%A2%E9%80%89%E4%B8%BE%E4%B8%AD%E8%8E%B7%E8%83%9C&rft.date=2013-07-22&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E6%96%B0%E8%8F%AF%E7%A4%BE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.xinhuanet.com%2Fworld%2F2013-07%2F22%2Fc_125041646.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-187"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-187">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Michael Green. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.realclearpolitics.com/articles/2007/03/japan_is_back_why_tokyos_new_a.html">Japan Is Back: Why Tokyo's New Assertiveness Is Good for Washington</a>. 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(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.sina.com.hk/cgi-bin/nw/show.cgi/6/1/1/328008/1.html">原始内容</a>存档于2012-07-13).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.btitle=%E5%AE%89%E5%80%8D%E6%99%89%E4%B8%89%E8%88%87%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%92%8C%E5%B9%B3%E6%86%B2%E6%B3%95&rft.date=2006-12-07&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E6%98%8E%E5%A0%B1&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.sina.com.hk%2Fcgi-bin%2Fnw%2Fshow.cgi%2F6%2F1%2F1%2F328008%2F1.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-202"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-202">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.clearing.mod.go.jp/hakusho_data/2004/2004/datindex.html">日本防衛白書(平成18年版) 資料編 資料55 自衛官の定員及び現員</a>. <span lang="ja">防衛省</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-12-29</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210324134655/http://www.clearing.mod.go.jp/hakusho_data/2004/2004/datindex.html">存档</a>于2021-03-24) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.btitle=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E9%98%B2%E8%A1%9B%E7%99%BD%E6%9B%B8%28%E5%B9%B3%E6%88%9018%E5%B9%B4%E7%89%88%29+%E8%B3%87%E6%96%99%E7%B7%A8+%E8%B3%87%E6%96%9955%E3%80%80%E8%87%AA%E8%A1%9B%E5%AE%98%E3%81%AE%E5%AE%9A%E5%93%A1%E5%8F%8A%E3%81%B3%E7%8F%BE%E5%93%A1&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E9%98%B2%E8%A1%9B%E7%9C%81%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.clearing.mod.go.jp%2Fhakusho_data%2F2004%2F2004%2Fdatindex.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-203"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-203">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.xinhuanet.com/newscenter/2003-05/22/content_881406.htm">小泉说日本自卫队“实质上是军队”</a>. 新華網. 2003-05-22 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2013-12-12</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080905092555/http://news.xinhuanet.com/newscenter/2003-05/22/content_881406.htm">存档</a>于2008-09-05).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.btitle=%E5%B0%8F%E6%B3%89%E8%AF%B4%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E8%87%AA%E5%8D%AB%E9%98%9F%E2%80%9C%E5%AE%9E%E8%B4%A8%E4%B8%8A%E6%98%AF%E5%86%9B%E9%98%9F%E2%80%9D&rft.date=2003-05-22&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E6%96%B0%E8%8F%AF%E7%B6%B2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.xinhuanet.com%2Fnewscenter%2F2003-05%2F22%2Fcontent_881406.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-crntt-204"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-crntt_204-0"><sup><b>201.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-crntt_204-1"><sup><b>201.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hk.crntt.com/doc/1002/8/5/5/100285582.html">日防衛廳升格防衛省 爲變“正常國家”鋪路</a>. 中國評論通訊社. 2007-01-09 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-02-07</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210324134725/http://hk.crntt.com/doc/1002/8/5/5/100285582.html">存档</a>于2021-03-24).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.btitle=%E6%97%A5%E9%98%B2%E8%A1%9B%E5%BB%B3%E5%8D%87%E6%A0%BC%E9%98%B2%E8%A1%9B%E7%9C%81%E3%80%80%E7%88%B2%E8%AE%8A%E2%80%9C%E6%AD%A3%E5%B8%B8%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E2%80%9D%E9%8B%AA%E8%B7%AF&rft.date=2007-01-09&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E8%A9%95%E8%AB%96%E9%80%9A%E8%A8%8A%E7%A4%BE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhk.crntt.com%2Fdoc%2F1002%2F8%2F5%2F5%2F100285582.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-205"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-205">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">吴谷丰. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.xinhuanet.com/world/2007-01/09/content_5583483.htm">日本防卫厅正式升格为防卫省</a>. 新华网. 2007-01-09 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2013-12-10</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070115042731/http://news.xinhuanet.com/world/2007-01/09/content_5583483.htm">存档</a>于2007-01-15).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.au=%E5%90%B4%E8%B0%B7%E4%B8%B0&rft.btitle=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E9%98%B2%E5%8D%AB%E5%8E%85%E6%AD%A3%E5%BC%8F%E5%8D%87%E6%A0%BC%E4%B8%BA%E9%98%B2%E5%8D%AB%E7%9C%81&rft.date=2007-01-09&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E6%96%B0%E5%8D%8E%E7%BD%91&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.xinhuanet.com%2Fworld%2F2007-01%2F09%2Fcontent_5583483.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-206"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-206">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mil.news.sina.com.cn/2013-11-10/0915748814.html">解密日本自卫队:实力亚洲领先 25万人仅作种子</a>. 新京报. 2013-11-10 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2013-12-11</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210322175925/http://mil.news.sina.com.cn/2013-11-10/0915748814.html">存档</a>于2021-03-22) –通过新浪军事.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.btitle=%E8%A7%A3%E5%AF%86%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E8%87%AA%E5%8D%AB%E9%98%9F%EF%BC%9A%E5%AE%9E%E5%8A%9B%E4%BA%9A%E6%B4%B2%E9%A2%86%E5%85%88+25%E4%B8%87%E4%BA%BA%E4%BB%85%E4%BD%9C%E7%A7%8D%E5%AD%90&rft.date=2013-11-10&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E6%96%B0%E4%BA%AC%E6%8A%A5&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmil.news.sina.com.cn%2F2013-11-10%2F0915748814.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-207"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-207">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140222025919/http://war.163.com/13/1112/10/9DFNSB1B00014OMD.html">日决定将坦克减至300辆 陆上自卫队人数不变</a>. 中國新聞網. 2013-11-12 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-02-07</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://war.163.com/13/1112/10/9DFNSB1B00014OMD.html">原始内容</a>存档于2014-02-22) –通过网易.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.btitle=%E6%97%A5%E5%86%B3%E5%AE%9A%E5%B0%86%E5%9D%A6%E5%85%8B%E5%87%8F%E8%87%B3300%E8%BE%86+%E9%99%86%E4%B8%8A%E8%87%AA%E5%8D%AB%E9%98%9F%E4%BA%BA%E6%95%B0%E4%B8%8D%E5%8F%98&rft.date=2013-11-12&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E%E7%B6%B2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwar.163.com%2F13%2F1112%2F10%2F9DFNSB1B00014OMD.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-208"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-208">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kantei.go.jp/foreign/koizumiphoto/2004/02/01asahikawa_e.html">Prime Minister Koizumi Encourages Japan Ground Self-Defense Force (JGSDF) to be Dispatched to Iraq</a>. <a href="/wiki/%E7%B8%BD%E7%90%86%E5%A4%A7%E8%87%A3%E5%AE%98%E9%82%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="總理大臣官邸">Prime Minister of Japan and His Cabinet</a>. 2004-02-01 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-02-07</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140222061045/http://www.kantei.go.jp/foreign/koizumiphoto/2004/02/01asahikawa_e.html">存档</a>于2014-02-22).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.btitle=Prime+Minister+Koizumi+Encourages+Japan+Ground+Self-Defense+Force+%28JGSDF%29+to+be+Dispatched+to+Iraq&rft.date=2004-02-01&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Prime+Minister+of+Japan+and+His+Cabinet&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kantei.go.jp%2Fforeign%2Fkoizumiphoto%2F2004%2F02%2F01asahikawa_e.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-209"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-209">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.xinhuanet.com/world/2009-07/06/content_11661688.htm">日本向索马里海域派出打击海盗替换舰队</a>. 新華網. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-03-14</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090718215026/http://news.xinhuanet.com/world/2009-07/06/content_11661688.htm">存档</a>于2009-07-18).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.btitle=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%90%91%E7%B4%A2%E9%A9%AC%E9%87%8C%E6%B5%B7%E5%9F%9F%E6%B4%BE%E5%87%BA%E6%89%93%E5%87%BB%E6%B5%B7%E7%9B%97%E6%9B%BF%E6%8D%A2%E8%88%B0%E9%98%9F&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E6%96%B0%E8%8F%AF%E7%B6%B2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.xinhuanet.com%2Fworld%2F2009-07%2F06%2Fcontent_11661688.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-210"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-210">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mil.news.sina.com.cn/2009-10-13/1532569949.html">日本向索马里海域派遣第三批舰队打击海盗</a>. 新華網. 2009-10-13 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-03-14</span>]</span>. 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(原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140223214256/http://www.ettoday.net/news/20130209/163505.htm">存档</a>于2014-02-23).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.btitle=%E5%AE%89%E5%80%8D%E6%99%89%E4%B8%89%E9%87%8D%E8%B5%B7%E6%87%87%E8%AB%87%E6%9C%83%E3%80%80%E6%8F%90%E4%BF%AE%E6%86%B2%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9%E8%87%AA%E8%A1%9B%E9%9A%8A&rft.date=2013-02-09&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E6%9D%B1%E6%A3%AE%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ettoday.net%2Fnews%2F20130209%2F163505.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-212"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-212">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130920120715/http://www.vjmedia.com.hk/articles/2013/08/15/46364">第九條以外 - 安倍政權修憲究竟要修甚麼?</a>. 輔仁網. 2013-08-15 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2013-12-13</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vjmedia.com.hk/articles/2013/08/15/46364">原始内容</a>存档于2013-09-20).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.btitle=%E7%AC%AC%E4%B9%9D%E6%A2%9D%E4%BB%A5%E5%A4%96+%EF%BC%8D+%E5%AE%89%E5%80%8D%E6%94%BF%E6%AC%8A%E4%BF%AE%E6%86%B2%E7%A9%B6%E7%AB%9F%E8%A6%81%E4%BF%AE%E7%94%9A%E9%BA%BC%EF%BC%9F&rft.date=2013-08-15&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E8%BC%94%E4%BB%81%E7%B6%B2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vjmedia.com.hk%2Farticles%2F2013%2F08%2F15%2F46364&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-213"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-213">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.j-cast.com/2019/08/23365662.html">まるで特撮? 新設の「宇宙作戦隊」は、実際どんな任務に携わるのか</a>. 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(原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210623174213/https://www.j-cast.com/2019/08/23365662.html">存档</a>于2021-06-23) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.atitle=%E3%81%BE%E3%82%8B%E3%81%A7%E7%89%B9%E6%92%AE%EF%BC%9F+%E6%96%B0%E8%A8%AD%E3%81%AE%E3%80%8C%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E4%BD%9C%E6%88%A6%E9%9A%8A%E3%80%8D%E3%81%AF%E3%80%81%E5%AE%9F%E9%9A%9B%E3%81%A9%E3%82%93%E3%81%AA%E4%BB%BB%E5%8B%99%E3%81%AB%E6%90%BA%E3%82%8F%E3%82%8B%E3%81%AE%E3%81%8B&rft.date=2019-08-23&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=J-CAST+%E3%83%8B%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.j-cast.com%2F2019%2F08%2F23365662.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ppl13-214"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ppl13_214-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">赵松. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151101141142/http://news.163.com/13/1110/10/9DAIGQSL00014JB6.html?from=tag">日本新年度国防预算或将增加2.9%</a>. 人民网. 2013-11-10 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-01-22</span>]</span>. 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(原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200525075301/https://www.welcome2japan.hk/indepth/exotic/JapanesQue/1309/akihabara.html">存档</a>于2020-05-25).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.btitle=%E5%86%8D%E6%AC%A1%E7%99%BC%E7%8F%BE%E5%A5%87%E5%B9%BB%E4%B9%8B%E5%A2%83%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%E7%A7%8B%E8%91%89%E5%8E%9F%E7%9A%84%E9%AD%85%E5%8A%9B&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E6%97%85%E9%81%8A%E5%B1%80&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.welcome2japan.hk%2Findepth%2Fexotic%2FJapanesQue%2F1309%2Fakihabara.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-256"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-256">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aci.aero/Data-Centre/Monthly-Traffic-Data/Passenger-Summary/12-months">Passenger Traffic for past 12 months</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-03-14</span>]</span>. 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(原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220815093520/https://www.nature.com/articles/jhg2012114">存档</a>于2022-08-15) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.atitle=The+history+of+human+populations+in+the+Japanese+Archipelago+inferred+from+genome-wide+SNP+data+with+a+special+reference+to+the+Ainu+and+the+Ryukyuan+populations&rft.au=Hirai%2C+Momoki&rft.au=Kawamura%2C+Shoji&rft.au=Kimura%2C+Ryosuke&rft.au=Nishida%2C+Nao&rft.au=Ohashi%2C+Jun&rft.au=Oota%2C+Hiroki&rft.au=Tajima%2C+Atsushi&rft.au=Tanabe%2C+Hideyuki&rft.au=Umetsu%2C+Kazuo&rft.au=Yamamoto%2C+Toshimichi&rft.aufirst=Timothy&rft.aulast=Jinam&rft.date=2012-12&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=1435-232X&rft.issue=12&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Human+Genetics&rft.volume=57&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.com%2Farticles%2Fjhg2012114&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fjhg.2012.114&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-334"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-334">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Armont, Drew Ambrose,Rhiona-Jade. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2018/6/13/zainichi-being-korean-in-japan">Zainichi: Being Korean in Japan</a>. Al Jazeera. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2024-05-29</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201206023642/https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2018/6/13/zainichi-being-korean-in-japan">存档</a>于2020-12-06) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.atitle=Zainichi%3A+Being+Korean+in+Japan&rft.aufirst=Drew+Ambrose%2CRhiona-Jade&rft.aulast=Armont&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Ffeatures%2F2018%2F6%2F13%2Fzainichi-being-korean-in-japan&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-335"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-335">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Chen, Lara Tien-shi. Chinese in Japan. Ember, Melvin (编). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-29904-4_70">Encyclopedia of Diasporas: Immigrant and Refugee Cultures Around the World</a>. 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Social Identities. 2019-05-04, <b>25</b> (3) <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2024-05-29</span>]</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1350-4630"><span title="国际标准连续出版物号">ISSN 1350-4630</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F13504630.2018.1499225"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1080/13504630.2018.1499225</span></a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240116111615/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13504630.2018.1499225">存档</a>于2024-01-16) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.atitle=%E2%80%98Mixed%E2%80%99+Japanese-Filipino+identities+under+Japanese+multiculturalism&rft.aufirst=Fiona-Katharina&rft.aulast=Seiger&rft.date=2019-05-04&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=1350-4630&rft.issue=3&rft.jtitle=Social+Identities&rft.volume=25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%2Fdoi%2Ffull%2F10.1080%2F13504630.2018.1499225&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F13504630.2018.1499225&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-337"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-337">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/business-33114120">The Brazilians winning in Japan</a>. BBC News. 2015-07-16 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2024-05-29</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220814090917/https://www.bbc.com/news/business-33114120">存档</a>于2022-08-14) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英国英语网页">(英国英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.atitle=The+Brazilians+winning+in+Japan&rft.date=2015-07-16&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fbusiness-33114120&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-338"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-338">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nippon.com/en/people/e00054/peruvians-struggling-to-find-a-place-in-japanese-society.html">Peruvians Struggling to Find a Place in Japanese Society</a>. nippon.com. 2014-02-13 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2024-05-29</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240529071743/https://www.nippon.com/en/people/e00054/peruvians-struggling-to-find-a-place-in-japanese-society.html">存档</a>于2024-05-29) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.atitle=Peruvians+Struggling+to+Find+a+Place+in+Japanese+Society&rft.date=2014-02-13&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nippon.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nippon.com%2Fen%2Fpeople%2Fe00054%2Fperuvians-struggling-to-find-a-place-in-japanese-society.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-339"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-339">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-34615972">Japan's hidden caste of untouchables</a>. 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(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ml.inuyama.gr.jp/zh-hant/must-see-sight-tw/523">原始内容</a>存档于2019-05-02).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.btitle=%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A4%A8%E6%98%8E%E6%B2%BB%E6%9D%91&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E7%8A%AC%E5%B1%B1%E8%A7%80%E5%85%89%E8%AB%AE%E8%A9%A2%E8%99%95&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fml.inuyama.gr.jp%2Fzh-hant%2Fmust-see-sight-tw%2F523&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-df-358"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-df_358-0"><sup><b>352.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-df_358-1"><sup><b>352.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-df_358-2"><sup><b>352.2</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://money.163.com/14/0326/08/9O8FNLB400253B0H.html">践行广义建筑学责任的纸管魔术师</a>. 东方早报. 2014-03-26 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2016-03-18</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210324135805/https://money.163.com/14/0326/08/9O8FNLB400253B0H.html">存档</a>于2021-03-24) –通过网易财经.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.btitle=%E8%B7%B5%E8%A1%8C%E5%B9%BF%E4%B9%89%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E5%AD%A6%E8%B4%A3%E4%BB%BB%E7%9A%84%E7%BA%B8%E7%AE%A1%E9%AD%94%E6%9C%AF%E5%B8%88&rft.date=2014-03-26&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E4%B8%9C%E6%96%B9%E6%97%A9%E6%8A%A5&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmoney.163.com%2F14%2F0326%2F08%2F9O8FNLB400253B0H.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-359"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-359">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20140326094851/http://www.dfdaily.com/html/150/2014/3/26/1134117.shtml">坂茂获奖既意外,又在情理中</a>. 东方早报. 2014-03-26 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-03-26</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dfdaily.com/html/150/2014/3/26/1134113.shtml">原始内容</a>存档于2014-03-26).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.btitle=%E5%9D%82%E8%8C%82%E8%8E%B7%E5%A5%96%E6%97%A2%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%96%EF%BC%8C%E5%8F%88%E5%9C%A8%E6%83%85%E7%90%86%E4%B8%AD&rft.date=2014-03-26&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E4%B8%9C%E6%96%B9%E6%97%A9%E6%8A%A5&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dfdaily.com%2Fhtml%2F150%2F2014%2F3%2F26%2F1134113.shtml&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-360"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-360">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131218121610/http://ider.idzoom.com/?action-viewnews-itemid-40001">前川国男的粗野主义- 室内设计师</a>. idzoom 室内设计师. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2013-12-09</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ider.idzoom.com/?action-viewnews-itemid-40001">原始内容</a>存档于2013-12-18).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.btitle=%E5%89%8D%E5%B7%9D%E5%9B%BD%E7%94%B7%E7%9A%84%E7%B2%97%E9%87%8E%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89-+%E5%AE%A4%E5%86%85%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1%E5%B8%88&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=idzoom+%E5%AE%A4%E5%86%85%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1%E5%B8%88&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fider.idzoom.com%2F%3Faction-viewnews-itemid-40001&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-361"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-361">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">磯達雄. 日本後現代主義建築巡禮. 楓樹林出版社. 2013. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9789866023774" title="Special:网络书源/9789866023774"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9789866023774</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.au=%E7%A3%AF%E9%81%94%E9%9B%84&rft.btitle=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%BE%8C%E7%8F%BE%E4%BB%A3%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89%E5%B7%A1%E7%A6%AE&rft.date=2013&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9789866023774&rft.pub=%E6%A5%93%E6%A8%B9%E6%9E%97%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-selfg-362"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-selfg_362-0"><sup><b>356.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-selfg_362-1"><sup><b>356.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-selfg_362-2"><sup><b>356.2</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-selfg_362-3"><sup><b>356.3</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sites.google.com/site/selflearningcollege/hp_japan_intro">日本的醫療保險制度簡介</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-03-13</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210324141953/https://sites.google.com/site/selflearningcollege/hp_japan_intro">存档</a>于2021-03-24).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.btitle=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E7%9A%84%E9%86%AB%E7%99%82%E4%BF%9D%E9%9A%AA%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6%E7%B0%A1%E4%BB%8B&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsites.google.com%2Fsite%2Fselflearningcollege%2Fhp_japan_intro&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-363"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-363">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Rodwin, Victor. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nyu.edu/projects/rodwin/lessons.html">Health Care in Japan</a>. <a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%90%E7%B4%84%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="紐約大學">New York University</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-03-10</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190619212526/https://www.nyu.edu/projects/rodwin/lessons.html">存档</a>于2019-06-19).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.aufirst=Victor&rft.aulast=Rodwin&rft.btitle=Health+Care+in+Japan&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=New+York+University&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nyu.edu%2Fprojects%2Frodwin%2Flessons.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-364"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-364">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180907184624/http://www.ipss.go.jp/s-info/e/Jasos/Health.html">Health Insurance: General Characteristics</a>. <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="国立社会保障、人口問題研究所" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="国立社会保障・人口問題研究所"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%BD%E7%AB%8B%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%BF%9D%E9%9A%9C%E3%80%81%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E5%95%8F%E9%A1%8C%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%89%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="国立社会保障、人口問題研究所(页面不存在)">National Institute of Population and Social Security Research</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E7%AB%8B%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%BF%9D%E9%9A%9C%E3%83%BB%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E5%95%8F%E9%A1%8C%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%89%80" class="extiw" title="ja:国立社会保障・人口問題研究所"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">国立社会保障・人口問題研究所</span></a></span>)</span></span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-03-28</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ipss.go.jp/s-info/e/Jasos/Health.html">原始内容</a>存档于2018-09-07).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.btitle=Health+Insurance%3A+General+Characteristics&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+class%3D%22ilh-all+%22+data-orig-title%3D%22%E5%9B%BD%E7%AB%8B%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%BF%9D%E9%9A%9C%E3%80%81%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E5%95%8F%E9%A1%8C%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%89%80%22+data-lang-code%3D%22ja%22+data-lang-name%3D%22%E6%97%A5%E8%AF%AD%22+data-foreign-title%3D%22%E5%9B%BD%E7%AB%8B%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%BF%9D%E9%9A%9C%E3%83%BB%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E5%95%8F%E9%A1%8C%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%89%80%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22ilh-page%22%3ENational+Institute+of+Population+and+Social+Security+Research%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22noprint+ilh-comment%22%3E%EF%BC%88%3Cspan+class%3D%22ilh-lang%22%3E%E6%97%A5%E8%AF%AD%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22ilh-colon%22%3E%EF%BC%9A%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22ilh-link%22%3E-%7B%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+dir%3D%22auto%22%3E%E5%9B%BD%E7%AB%8B%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%BF%9D%E9%9A%9C%E3%83%BB%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E5%95%8F%E9%A1%8C%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%89%80%3C%2Fspan%3E%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3E%EF%BC%89%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ipss.go.jp%2Fs-info%2Fe%2FJasos%2FHealth.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-365"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-365">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mext.go.jp/component/a_menu/education/detail/__icsFiles/afieldfile/2011/09/27/1299178_01.pdf">高等学校教育の現状</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E9%83%A8%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8%E7%9C%81" title="文部科學省">文部科学省</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-03-02</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210324141053/https://www.mext.go.jp/component/a_menu/education/detail/__icsFiles/afieldfile/2011/09/27/1299178_01.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2021-03-24).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.btitle=%E9%AB%98%E7%AD%89%E5%AD%A6%E6%A0%A1%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E3%81%AE%E7%8F%BE%E7%8A%B6&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E6%96%87%E9%83%A8%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E7%9C%81&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mext.go.jp%2Fcomponent%2Fa_menu%2Feducation%2Fdetail%2F__icsFiles%2Fafieldfile%2F2011%2F09%2F27%2F1299178_01.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-366"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-366">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mext.go.jp/b_menu/hakusho/html/hpba200501/shiryo/008.htm">平成17年版 日本文部科學白皮書:“參考資料8 就学率・進学率(年次別)</a>. <span lang="ja">文部科学省</span>. 2005-01 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-12-29</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200729084011/https://www.mext.go.jp/b_menu/hakusho/html/hpba200501/shiryo/008.htm">存档</a>于2020-07-29) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.btitle=%E5%B9%B3%E6%88%9017%E5%B9%B4%E7%89%88%E3%80%80%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%96%87%E9%83%A8%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8%E7%99%BD%E7%9A%AE%E6%9B%B8%EF%BC%9A%E2%80%9C%E5%8F%83%E8%80%83%E8%B3%87%E6%96%998+%E5%B0%B1%E5%AD%A6%E7%8E%87%E3%83%BB%E9%80%B2%E5%AD%A6%E7%8E%87%EF%BC%88%E5%B9%B4%E6%AC%A1%E5%88%A5%EF%BC%89&rft.date=2005-01&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E6%96%87%E9%83%A8%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E7%9C%81%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mext.go.jp%2Fb_menu%2Fhakusho%2Fhtml%2Fhpba200501%2Fshiryo%2F008.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-367"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-367">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2103.html#136">The World Factbook - LITERACY</a>. <a href="/wiki/CIA" class="mw-redirect" title="CIA">CIA</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2015-03-21</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161124171442/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2103.html#136">存档</a>于2016-11-24).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.btitle=The+World+Factbook+-+LITERACY&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=CIA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Ffields%2F2103.html%23136&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-student-368"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-student_368-0"><sup><b>362.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-student_368-1"><sup><b>362.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-student_368-2"><sup><b>362.2</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">刘金钊. 《解读日本与日本人》. 大连市: 大连出版社. 2009-08: 17–18. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9787806847909" title="Special:网络书源/9787806847909"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9787806847909</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.au=%E5%88%98%E9%87%91%E9%92%8A&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E8%A7%A3%E8%AF%BB%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E4%B8%8E%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E4%BA%BA%E3%80%8B&rft.date=2009-08&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9787806847909&rft.pages=17-18&rft.place=%E5%A4%A7%E8%BF%9E%E5%B8%82&rft.pub=%E5%A4%A7%E8%BF%9E%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-369"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-369">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pbs.org/independentlens/sumoeastandwest/sumo.html">Sumo: East and West</a>. <a href="/wiki/PBS" class="mw-redirect" title="PBS">PBS</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-03-10</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070930041547/http://www.pbs.org/independentlens/sumoeastandwest/sumo.html">存档</a>于2007-09-30).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.btitle=Sumo%3A+East+and+West&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=PBS&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Findependentlens%2Fsumoeastandwest%2Fsumo.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-370"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-370">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090814074913/http://utf.whsites.net/history.htm">A History Of Taekwon Do</a>. Universal Tae Kwon Do Federation. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-04-05</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://utf.whsites.net/history.htm">原始内容</a>存档于2009-08-14).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.btitle=A+History+Of+Taekwon+Do&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Universal+Tae+Kwon+Do+Federation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Futf.whsites.net%2Fhistory.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-stanlei12-371"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-stanlei12_371-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Virgílio, Stanlei. Conde Koma – O invencível yondan da história. Editora Átomo. 2002: 93–104. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/85-87585-24-X" title="Special:网络书源/85-87585-24-X"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 85-87585-24-X</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到葡萄牙语网页">(葡萄牙语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.aufirst=Stanlei&rft.aulast=Virg%C3%ADlio&rft.btitle=Conde+Koma+%E2%80%93+O+invenc%C3%ADvel+yondan+da+hist%C3%B3ria&rft.date=2002&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=85-87585-24-X&rft.pages=93-104&rft.pub=Editora+%C3%81tomo&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-372"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-372">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140407074315/http://www5.ocn.ne.jp/~ysc2/sambotojudou.htm">サンボと柔道との関係</a>. <span lang="ja">愛知県サンボ連盟</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-04-05</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www5.ocn.ne.jp/~ysc2/sambotojudou.htm">原始内容</a>存档于2014-04-07) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">(日语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.btitle=%E3%82%B5%E3%83%B3%E3%83%9C%E3%81%A8%E6%9F%94%E9%81%93%E3%81%A8%E3%81%AE%E9%96%A2%E4%BF%82&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+xml%3Alang%3D%22ja%22%3E-%7B%E6%84%9B%E7%9F%A5%E7%9C%8C%E3%82%B5%E3%83%B3%E3%83%9C%E9%80%A3%E7%9B%9F%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3A%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww5.ocn.ne.jp%2F~ysc2%2Fsambotojudou.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-373"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-373">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070317192109/http://www.uk.emb-japan.go.jp/en/facts/culture_dailylife.html#sports">Culture and Daily Life</a>. <a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E9%A7%90%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B%E5%A4%A7%E4%BD%BF%E9%A4%A8" title="日本駐英國大使館">Embassy of Japan in the UK</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-03-27</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uk.emb-japan.go.jp/en/facts/culture_dailylife.html#sports">原始内容</a>存档于2007-03-17).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.btitle=Culture+and+Daily+Life&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Embassy+of+Japan+in+the+UK&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uk.emb-japan.go.jp%2Fen%2Ffacts%2Fculture_dailylife.html%23sports&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-374"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-374">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Nagata, Yoichi; Holway, John B. Japanese Baseball. Palmer, Pete (编). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/totalbaseball0000unse_j5d7">Total Baseball</a> 4th. Viking Press. 1995: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/totalbaseball0000unse_j5d7/page/547">547</a>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0670860999" title="Special:网络书源/978-0670860999"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-0670860999</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.atitle=Japanese+Baseball&rft.au=Nagata%2C+Yoichi%3B+Holway%2C+John+B.&rft.btitle=Total+Baseball&rft.date=1995&rft.edition=4th&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=978-0670860999&rft.pages=547&rft.pub=Viking+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftotalbaseball0000unse_j5d7&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-xhsp-375"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-xhsp_375-0"><sup><b>369.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-xhsp_375-1"><sup><b>369.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.xinhuanet.com/2011-11/22/c_122319100.htm">甲子園,日本拼搏精神的象徵</a>. <a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%AF%E7%90%83%E6%97%B6%E6%8A%A5" title="环球时报">環球時報</a>. 2011-11-22 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-03-02</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160223041649/http://news.xinhuanet.com/2011-11/22/c_122319100.htm">存档</a>于2016-02-23) –通过新華社.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.btitle=%E7%94%B2%E5%AD%90%E5%9C%92%EF%BC%8C%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%8B%BC%E6%90%8F%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E%E7%9A%84%E8%B1%A1%E5%BE%B5&rft.date=2011-11-22&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E7%92%B0%E7%90%83%E6%99%82%E5%A0%B1&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.xinhuanet.com%2F2011-11%2F22%2Fc_122319100.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-376"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-376">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tjf.or.jp/takarabako/PDF/TB09_JCN.pdf">Soccer as a Popular Sport: Putting Down Roots in Japan</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/PDF" class="mw-redirect" title="PDF">PDF</a>)</span>. The Japan Forum. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-04-01</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070613235859/http://www.tjf.or.jp/takarabako/PDF/TB09_JCN.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2007-06-13).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.btitle=Soccer+as+a+Popular+Sport%3A+Putting+Down+Roots+in+Japan&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=The+Japan+Forum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tjf.or.jp%2Ftakarabako%2FPDF%2FTB09_JCN.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-377"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-377">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190502045716/http://app.gooooal.com/dataTeamProfile.do?tid=960&lang=tr">日本- 足球球隊簡介- 雪緣園資料庫</a>. 雪缘园. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-03-02</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://app.gooooal.com/dataTeamProfile.do?tid=960&lang=tr">原始内容</a>存档于2019-05-02).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.btitle=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC-+%E8%B6%B3%E7%90%83%E7%90%83%E9%9A%8A%E7%B0%A1%E4%BB%8B-+%E9%9B%AA%E7%B7%A3%E5%9C%92%E8%B3%87%E6%96%99%E5%BA%AB&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E9%9B%AA%E7%BC%98%E5%9B%AD&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fapp.gooooal.com%2FdataTeamProfile.do%3Ftid%3D960%26lang%3Dtr&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-378"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-378">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190503020117/https://news.sina.com.tw/article/20130605/9834960.html">日本名宿:日本足球已達歐洲二流 仍非史上最強國家隊</a>. 新浪網. 2013-06-05 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-03-02</span>]</span>. 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(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://stars.udn.com/star/StarsContent/Content2028/">原始内容</a>存档于2014-03-04).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.atitle=%E7%B6%93%E5%85%B8%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%8B%95%E7%95%AB+%E6%90%B6%E6%94%BB%E4%BD%A0%E5%AE%B6%E9%9B%BB%E8%A6%96%EF%BC%88%E4%B8%8B%EF%BC%89&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstars.udn.com%2Fstar%2FStarsContent%2FContent2028%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-425"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-425">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">黃菁菁. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chinatimes.com/newspapers/20130907000370-260106">日本的華德迪士尼 藉作品發聲</a>. 中時電子報. 2013-09-07 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2015-03-21</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210324140312/https://www.chinatimes.com/newspapers/20130907000370-260106">存档</a>于2021-03-24).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.atitle=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E7%9A%84%E8%8F%AF%E5%BE%B7%E8%BF%AA%E5%A3%AB%E5%B0%BC+%E8%97%89%E4%BD%9C%E5%93%81%E7%99%BC%E8%81%B2&rft.au=%E9%BB%83%E8%8F%81%E8%8F%81&rft.date=2013-09-07&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chinatimes.com%2Fnewspapers%2F20130907000370-260106&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-426"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-426">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">石振弘. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cheers.com.tw/article/article.action?id=5024180">專訪《攻殼機動隊》製作人石川光久:真實世界是「不良」與「善良」的戰鬥</a>. cheers. 2005 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-03-04</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200816163208/https://www.cheers.com.tw/article/article.action?id=5024180">存档</a>于2020-08-16).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.atitle=%E5%B0%88%E8%A8%AA%E3%80%8A%E6%94%BB%E6%AE%BC%E6%A9%9F%E5%8B%95%E9%9A%8A%E3%80%8B%E8%A3%BD%E4%BD%9C%E4%BA%BA%E7%9F%B3%E5%B7%9D%E5%85%89%E4%B9%85%EF%BC%9A%E7%9C%9F%E5%AF%A6%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E6%98%AF%E3%80%8C%E4%B8%8D%E8%89%AF%E3%80%8D%E8%88%87%E3%80%8C%E5%96%84%E8%89%AF%E3%80%8D%E7%9A%84%E6%88%B0%E9%AC%A5&rft.au=%E7%9F%B3%E6%8C%AF%E5%BC%98&rft.date=2005&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=cheers&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cheers.com.tw%2Farticle%2Farticle.action%3Fid%3D5024180&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ma-427"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ma_427-0"><sup><b>421.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ma_427-1"><sup><b>421.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ma_427-2"><sup><b>421.2</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ma_427-3"><sup><b>421.3</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ma_427-4"><sup><b>421.4</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ma_427-5"><sup><b>421.5</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Brenner, Robin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/understandingman0000bren">Understanding Manga and Anime</a>. Libraries Unlimited. 2007. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-1-59158-332-5" title="Special:网络书源/978-1-59158-332-5"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-1-59158-332-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.au=Brenner%2C+Robin&rft.btitle=Understanding+Manga+and+Anime&rft.date=2007&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-1-59158-332-5&rft.pub=Libraries+Unlimited&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Funderstandingman0000bren&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-428"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-428">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Justin Sevakis. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/feature/2012-03-05">The Anime Economy - Part 1: Let's Make An Anime!</a>. <a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E%E7%B6%B2" title="全日本新聞網">ANN</a>. 2012-03-05 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-01-03</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120929131718/http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/feature/2012-03-05">存档</a>于2012-09-29).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.au=Justin+Sevakis&rft.btitle=The+Anime+Economy+-+Part+1%3A+Let%27s+Make+An+Anime%21&rft.date=2012-03-05&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=ANN&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.animenewsnetwork.com%2Ffeature%2F2012-03-05&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ae-429"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ae_429-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Poitras, Gilles. Anime Essentials: Every Thing a Fan Needs to Know. Stone Bridge Press. 2000: 7–115. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-1-880656-53-2" title="Special:网络书源/978-1-880656-53-2"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-1-880656-53-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.au=Poitras%2C+Gilles&rft.btitle=Anime+Essentials%3A+Every+Thing+a+Fan+Needs+to+Know&rft.date=2000&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-1-880656-53-2&rft.pages=7-115&rft.pub=Stone+Bridge+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gravett-430"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gravett_430-0"><sup><b>424.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gravett_430-1"><sup><b>424.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gravett_430-2"><sup><b>424.2</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Gravett, Paul. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/mangasixtyyearso0000grav">Manga: Sixty Years of Japanese Comics</a>. New York: Harper Design. 2004: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/mangasixtyyearso0000grav/page/8">8</a>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/1-85669-391-0" title="Special:网络书源/1-85669-391-0"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 1-85669-391-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.au=Gravett%2C+Paul&rft.btitle=Manga%3A+Sixty+Years+of+Japanese+Comics&rft.date=2004&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=1-85669-391-0&rft.pages=8&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Harper+Design&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmangasixtyyearso0000grav&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-431"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-431">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Kishi, Torajiro. Colorful. 東京: <a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%86%E8%8B%B1%E7%A4%BE" title="集英社">Shueisha</a>. 1998. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/4-08-782556-6" title="Special:网络书源/4-08-782556-6"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 4-08-782556-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.au=Kishi%2C+Torajiro&rft.btitle=Colorful&rft.date=1998&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=4-08-782556-6&rft.place=%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%AC&rft.pub=Shueisha&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-432"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-432">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Katzenstein, Peter. J. & Takashi Shiraishi. Network Power: Japan in Asia. <a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E8%96%A9%E5%8D%A1" class="mw-disambig" title="伊薩卡">Ithaca</a>: <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="康乃爾大學出版社" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Cornell University Press"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BA%B7%E4%B9%83%E7%88%BE%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="康乃爾大學出版社(页面不存在)">Cornell University Press</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cornell_University_Press" class="extiw" title="en:Cornell University Press"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Cornell University Press</span></a></span>)</span></span>. 1997. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0801483738" title="Special:网络书源/978-0801483738"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-0801483738</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.au=Katzenstein%2C+Peter.+J.+%26+Takashi+Shiraishi&rft.btitle=Network+Power%3A+Japan+in+Asia&rft.date=1997&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0801483738&rft.place=Ithaca&rft.pub=%3Cspan+class%3D%22ilh-all+%22+data-orig-title%3D%22%E5%BA%B7%E4%B9%83%E7%88%BE%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE%22+data-lang-code%3D%22en%22+data-lang-name%3D%22%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD%22+data-foreign-title%3D%22Cornell+University+Press%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22ilh-page%22%3ECornell+University+Press%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22noprint+ilh-comment%22%3E%EF%BC%88%3Cspan+class%3D%22ilh-lang%22%3E%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22ilh-colon%22%3E%EF%BC%9A%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22ilh-link%22%3E-%7B%3Cspan+lang%3D%22en%22+dir%3D%22auto%22%3ECornell+University+Press%3C%2Fspan%3E%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3E%EF%BC%89%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wong_2006-433"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Wong_2006_433-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFWong2006" class="citation">Wong, Wendy Siuyi, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.upress.umn.edu/Books/L/lunning_mechademia1.html">Globalizing manga: From Japan to Hong Kong and beyond</a>, Mechademia: An Academic Forum for Anime, Manga, and the Fan Arts, 2006, <b>1</b>: 23–45 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-09-14</span>]</span>, (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080415093717/http://www.upress.umn.edu/Books/L/lunning_mechademia1.html">存档</a>于2008-04-15)</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.atitle=Globalizing+manga%3A+From+Japan+to+Hong+Kong+and+beyond&rft.aufirst=Wendy+Siuyi&rft.aulast=Wong&rft.date=2006&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mechademia%3A+An+Academic+Forum+for+Anime%2C+Manga%2C+and+the+Fan+Arts&rft.pages=23-45&rft.volume=1&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.upress.umn.edu%2FBooks%2FL%2Flunning_mechademia1.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Patten-434"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Patten_434-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Patten, Fred. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/watchinganimerea0000patt">Watching Anime, Reading Manga: 25 Years of Essays and Reviews</a>. Berkeley: Stone Bridge Press. 2004. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-1-880656-92-1" title="Special:网络书源/978-1-880656-92-1"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-1-880656-92-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.au=Patten%2C+Fred&rft.btitle=Watching+Anime%2C+Reading+Manga%3A+25+Years+of+Essays+and+Reviews&rft.date=2004&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-1-880656-92-1&rft.place=Berkeley&rft.pub=Stone+Bridge+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwatchinganimerea0000patt&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-435"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-435">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.epochtimes.com/b5/6/9/2/n1442297.htm">日本漫畫、動畫的文化力影響無所不在</a>. 大紀元. 2006-02-09 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2013-12-10</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210324140311/https://www.epochtimes.com/b5/6/9/2/n1442297.htm">存档</a>于2021-03-24).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.btitle=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%BC%AB%E7%95%AB%E3%80%81%E5%8B%95%E7%95%AB%E7%9A%84%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%8A%9B%E5%BD%B1%E9%9F%BF%E7%84%A1%E6%89%80%E4%B8%8D%E5%9C%A8&rft.date=2006-02-09&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E5%A4%A7%E7%B4%80%E5%85%83&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epochtimes.com%2Fb5%2F6%2F9%2F2%2Fn1442297.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Schodt_1986-436"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Schodt_1986_436-0"><sup><b>430.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schodt_1986_436-1"><sup><b>430.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Schodt, Frederik L. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/mangamanga00fred">Manga! Manga! The World of Japanese Comics</a>. Tokyo: <a href="/wiki/%E8%AC%9B%E8%AB%87%E7%A4%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="講談社">Kodansha</a>. 1986. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-87011-752-7" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-87011-752-7"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-0-87011-752-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.au=Schodt%2C+Frederik+L.&rft.btitle=Manga%21+Manga%21+The+World+of+Japanese+Comics&rft.date=1986&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-87011-752-7&rft.place=Tokyo&rft.pub=Kodansha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmangamanga00fred&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-437"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-437">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2011-12-15/084123635775.shtml">日本自由行,下榻漫画咖啡馆更抵</a>. 南方都市报. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-03-11</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190218021414/http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2011-12-15/084123635775.shtml">存档</a>于2019-02-18) –通过新浪.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.btitle=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E8%A1%8C%EF%BC%8C%E4%B8%8B%E6%A6%BB%E6%BC%AB%E7%94%BB%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E9%A6%86%E6%9B%B4%E6%8A%B5&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E5%8D%97%E6%96%B9%E9%83%BD%E5%B8%82%E6%8A%A5&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.sina.com.cn%2Fc%2F2011-12-15%2F084123635775.shtml&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-438"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-438">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131212145454/http://www.hkdailynews.com.hk/life.php?id=258998">《小甜甜》七千呎大型珍藏展聖誕登場</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2013-12-10</span>]</span>. 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Who.ne.jppanese. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2011-06-13</span>]</span>. 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(原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190502051031/http://ent.sina.com.cn/y/r/2012-11-11/12523784809.shtml">存档</a>于2019-05-02).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.btitle=%E8%99%9A%E6%8B%9F%E5%81%B6%E5%83%8F%E5%88%9D%E9%9F%B3%E6%9C%AA%E6%9D%A5%E8%B5%B0%E7%BA%A2+%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E5%88%9B%E9%80%A0%E6%98%AF%E5%85%B3%E9%94%AE&rft.date=2012-11-11&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E6%96%B0%E6%B5%AA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fent.sina.com.cn%2Fy%2Fr%2F2012-11-11%2F12523784809.shtml&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-448"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-448">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gnn.gamer.com.tw/7/114987.html">用動畫音樂連結全世界!獨家專訪日本動畫音樂龍頭公司 Lantis 社長井上俊次</a>. 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(原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190503050905/https://gnn.gamer.com.tw/7/114987.html">存档</a>于2019-05-03).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.btitle=%E7%94%A8%E5%8B%95%E7%95%AB%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%82%E9%80%A3%E7%B5%90%E5%85%A8%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%EF%BC%81%E7%8D%A8%E5%AE%B6%E5%B0%88%E8%A8%AA%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%8B%95%E7%95%AB%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%82%E9%BE%8D%E9%A0%AD%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8+Lantis+%E7%A4%BE%E9%95%B7%E4%BA%95%E4%B8%8A%E4%BF%8A%E6%AC%A1&rft.date=2015-05-18&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=GNN&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgnn.gamer.com.tw%2F7%2F114987.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-449"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-449">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/press-release/2015-01-27/lantis-anisong-world-tour-completes-successful-las-vegas-performances/.83764">Lantis Anisong World Tour Completes Successful Las Vegas Performances</a>. Anime News Network. 2015-01-28 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2015-11-15</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210324140525/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/press-release/2015-01-27/lantis-anisong-world-tour-completes-successful-las-vegas-performances/.83764">存档</a>于2021-03-24).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.btitle=Lantis+Anisong+World+Tour+Completes+Successful+Las+Vegas+Performances&rft.date=2015-01-28&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Anime+News+Network&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.animenewsnetwork.com%2Fpress-release%2F2015-01-27%2Flantis-anisong-world-tour-completes-successful-las-vegas-performances%2F.83764&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-450"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-450">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Roland Kelts. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture/2015/01/13/music/lantis-looks-woo-dedicated-fan-base-anisong-tour/#.VkigjYSg-i4">Lantis looks to woo a dedicated fan base with anisong tour</a>. The Japan Times. 2015-01-13 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2015-11-15</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210324140551/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture/2015/01/13/music/lantis-looks-woo-dedicated-fan-base-anisong-tour/#.VkigjYSg-i4">存档</a>于2021-03-24).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.au=Roland+Kelts&rft.btitle=Lantis+looks+to+woo+a+dedicated+fan+base+with+anisong+tour&rft.date=2015-01-13&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=The+Japan+Times&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.japantimes.co.jp%2Fculture%2F2015%2F01%2F13%2Fmusic%2Flantis-looks-woo-dedicated-fan-base-anisong-tour%2F%23.VkigjYSg-i4&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-451"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-451">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">千駄木りん. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.mynavi.jp/articles/2015/09/06/anisama2015/">3日間で81,000人を動員した『Animelo Summer Live 2015 -THE GATE-』 -11年目を迎えたアニソン最大のイベントは新たな扉を開く</a>. MyNavi. 2015-09-06 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2015-11-15</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170305190330/http://news.mynavi.jp/articles/2015/09/06/anisama2015/">存档</a>于2017-03-05).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.au=%E5%8D%83%E9%A7%84%E6%9C%A8%E3%82%8A%E3%82%93&rft.btitle=3%E6%97%A5%E9%96%93%E3%81%A781%2C000%E4%BA%BA%E3%82%92%E5%8B%95%E5%93%A1%E3%81%97%E3%81%9F%E3%80%8EAnimelo+Summer+Live+2015+-THE+GATE-%E3%80%8F+-11%E5%B9%B4%E7%9B%AE%E3%82%92%E8%BF%8E%E3%81%88%E3%81%9F%E3%82%A2%E3%83%8B%E3%82%BD%E3%83%B3%E6%9C%80%E5%A4%A7%E3%81%AE%E3%82%A4%E3%83%99%E3%83%B3%E3%83%88%E3%81%AF%E6%96%B0%E3%81%9F%E3%81%AA%E6%89%89%E3%82%92%E9%96%8B%E3%81%8F&rft.date=2015-09-06&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=MyNavi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.mynavi.jp%2Farticles%2F2015%2F09%2F06%2Fanisama2015%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-452"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-452">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">上夜. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170306224126/http://acg.178.com/201310/176943907036.html">动画音乐销量不断走俏 媒体评论:或将改变日本音乐界</a>. 178动漫频道. 2013-10-28 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2015-11-15</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://acg.178.com/201310/176943907036.html">原始内容</a>存档于2017-03-06).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.au=%E4%B8%8A%E5%A4%9C&rft.btitle=%E5%8A%A8%E7%94%BB%E9%9F%B3%E4%B9%90%E9%94%80%E9%87%8F%E4%B8%8D%E6%96%AD%E8%B5%B0%E4%BF%8F+%E5%AA%92%E4%BD%93%E8%AF%84%E8%AE%BA%EF%BC%9A%E6%88%96%E5%B0%86%E6%94%B9%E5%8F%98%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E9%9F%B3%E4%B9%90%E7%95%8C&rft.date=2013-10-28&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=178%E5%8A%A8%E6%BC%AB%E9%A2%91%E9%81%93&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Facg.178.com%2F201310%2F176943907036.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-453"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-453">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tnsori.com/20150418-voiceactors-oricon-single-daily-no1-history">「声優」によるオリコンシングルデイリーランキング1位獲得の歷史を振り返る</a>. The Natsu Style. 2015-04-19 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2015-11-15</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210324140513/http://www.tnsori.com/20150418-voiceactors-oricon-single-daily-no1-history">存档</a>于2021-03-24).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8C%E5%A3%B0%E5%84%AA%E3%80%8D%E3%81%AB%E3%82%88%E3%82%8B%E3%82%AA%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B3%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B7%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0%E3%83%AB%E3%83%87%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AD%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B01%E4%BD%8D%E7%8D%B2%E5%BE%97%E3%81%AE%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E3%82%92%E6%8C%AF%E3%82%8A%E8%BF%94%E3%82%8B&rft.date=2015-04-19&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=The+Natsu+Style&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tnsori.com%2F20150418-voiceactors-oricon-single-daily-no1-history&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-454"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-454">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.j-cast.com/2009/04/27040273.html?p=all">ヒットランク1、2位独占 「アニメ曲」席巻の裏事情</a>. <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="J-CAST" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="ジェイ・キャスト"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=J-CAST&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="J-CAST(页面不存在)">J-CAST</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%82%A7%E3%82%A4%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AD%E3%83%A3%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88" class="extiw" title="ja:ジェイ・キャスト"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">ジェイ・キャスト</span></a></span>)</span></span>. 2009-04-27 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2015-11-15</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210324140540/https://www.j-cast.com/2009/04/27040273.html?p=all">存档</a>于2021-03-24).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.btitle=%E3%83%92%E3%83%83%E3%83%88%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AF1%E3%80%812%E4%BD%8D%E7%8B%AC%E5%8D%A0%E3%80%80%E3%80%8C%E3%82%A2%E3%83%8B%E3%83%A1%E6%9B%B2%E3%80%8D%E5%B8%AD%E5%B7%BB%E3%81%AE%E8%A3%8F%E4%BA%8B%E6%83%85&rft.date=2009-04-27&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%3Cspan+class%3D%22ilh-all+%22+data-orig-title%3D%22J-CAST%22+data-lang-code%3D%22ja%22+data-lang-name%3D%22%E6%97%A5%E8%AF%AD%22+data-foreign-title%3D%22%E3%82%B8%E3%82%A7%E3%82%A4%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AD%E3%83%A3%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22ilh-page%22%3EJ-CAST%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22noprint+ilh-comment%22%3E%EF%BC%88%3Cspan+class%3D%22ilh-lang%22%3E%E6%97%A5%E8%AF%AD%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22ilh-colon%22%3E%EF%BC%9A%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22ilh-link%22%3E-%7B%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+dir%3D%22auto%22%3E%E3%82%B8%E3%82%A7%E3%82%A4%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AD%E3%83%A3%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%3C%2Fspan%3E%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3E%EF%BC%89%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.j-cast.com%2F2009%2F04%2F27040273.html%3Fp%3Dall&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-455"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-455">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.j-cast.com/2014/05/03203892.html">Mステのベストテンは「ラブライブ!」などアニソンが6曲 「邦楽は終わった」「声優を生出演させ歌わせろ!」の声</a>. J-CAST. 2014-05-03 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2015-11-15</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210324140547/https://www.j-cast.com/2014/05/03203892.html">存档</a>于2021-03-24).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.btitle=M%E3%82%B9%E3%83%86%E3%81%AE%E3%83%99%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%86%E3%83%B3%E3%81%AF%E3%80%8C%E3%83%A9%E3%83%96%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A4%E3%83%96%EF%BC%81%E3%80%8D%E3%81%AA%E3%81%A9%E3%82%A2%E3%83%8B%E3%82%BD%E3%83%B3%E3%81%8C6%E6%9B%B2%E3%80%80%E3%80%8C%E9%82%A6%E6%A5%BD%E3%81%AF%E7%B5%82%E3%82%8F%E3%81%A3%E3%81%9F%E3%80%8D%E3%80%8C%E5%A3%B0%E5%84%AA%E3%82%92%E7%94%9F%E5%87%BA%E6%BC%94%E3%81%95%E3%81%9B%E6%AD%8C%E3%82%8F%E3%81%9B%E3%82%8D%EF%BC%81%E3%80%8D%E3%81%AE%E5%A3%B0&rft.date=2014-05-03&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=J-CAST&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.j-cast.com%2F2014%2F05%2F03203892.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-456"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-456">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.riaj.or.jp/e/issue/pdf/RIAJ2013E.pdf">The Recording Industry In Japan</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%94%B1%E7%89%87%E5%8D%94%E6%9C%83" title="日本唱片協會">Recording Industry Association of Japan</a>. 2013 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2011-11-08</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130818080109/http://www.riaj.or.jp/e/issue/pdf/RIAJ2013E.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2013-08-18).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.btitle=The+Recording+Industry+In+Japan&rft.date=2013&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Recording+Industry+Association+of+Japan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.riaj.or.jp%2Fe%2Fissue%2Fpdf%2FRIAJ2013E.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-457"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-457">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190713043647/https://www.billboard.com/biz/articles/news/digital-and-mobile/1556590/ifpi-2013-recording-industry-in-numbers-global-revenue">IFPI 2013 Recording Industry in Numbers: Global Revenue, Emerging Markets Rise; U.S., U.K., Germany Drop</a>. billboard. 2013-04-08 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-03-01</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.billboard.com/biz/articles/news/digital-and-mobile/1556590/ifpi-2013-recording-industry-in-numbers-global-revenue">原始内容</a>存档于2019-07-13).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.btitle=IFPI+2013+Recording+Industry+in+Numbers%3A+Global+Revenue%2C+Emerging+Markets+Rise%3B+U.S.%2C+U.K.%2C+Germany+Drop&rft.date=2013-04-08&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=billboard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.billboard.com%2Fbiz%2Farticles%2Fnews%2Fdigital-and-mobile%2F1556590%2Fifpi-2013-recording-industry-in-numbers-global-revenue&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-458"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-458">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Lucy M. Long. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DBzYCQAAQBAJ&pg=PAPA329">Ethnic Food Today: A Cultural Encyclopedia</a>. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. 2015: 329– <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2022-10-26</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-1-4422-2731-6" title="Special:网络书源/978-1-4422-2731-6"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-1-4422-2731-6</a>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220726041752/https://books.google.com/books?id=DBzYCQAAQBAJ&pg=PAPA329">存档</a>于2022-07-26).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.au=Lucy+M.+Long&rft.btitle=Ethnic+Food+Today%3A+A+Cultural+Encyclopedia&rft.date=2015&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-1-4422-2731-6&rft.pages=329-&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield+Publishers&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDBzYCQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPAPA329&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-459"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-459">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.epochtimes.com/b5/7/5/23/n1719649.htm">筷子透露出中日飲食差異</a>. 大紀元. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2013-12-10</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190502044129/http://www.epochtimes.com/b5/7/5/23/n1719649.htm">存档</a>于2019-05-02).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.btitle=%E7%AD%B7%E5%AD%90%E9%80%8F%E9%9C%B2%E5%87%BA%E4%B8%AD%E6%97%A5%E9%A3%B2%E9%A3%9F%E5%B7%AE%E7%95%B0&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E5%A4%A7%E7%B4%80%E5%85%83&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epochtimes.com%2Fb5%2F7%2F5%2F23%2Fn1719649.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-460"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-460">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304101849/http://japan.xinhuanet.com/2011-10/12/c_131187612_7.htm">各國早餐大比拼:納豆味噌湯澆米飯盡顯日式風情</a>. 新華社. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2013-12-10</span>]</span>. 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(原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240116111558/https://books.google.com/books?id=1b1CAgAAQBAJ&pg=PAPA846#v=onepage&q&f=false">存档</a>于2024-01-16).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.au=Carl+A.+Batt&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Food+Microbiology&rft.date=2014&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-12-384733-1&rft.pages=846-&rft.pub=Academic+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1b1CAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPAPA846&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BoultonQuain2013-466"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BoultonQuain2013_466-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Christopher Boulton; David Quain. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QpDVsu-vaBcC&pg=PAPT20">Brewing Yeast and Fermentation</a>. 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(原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220119164946/https://www.nippon.com/en/japan-data/h00738/">存档</a>于2022-01-19) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.atitle=Japan%E2%80%99s+National+Holidays+in+2021&rft.date=2020-06-10&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nippon.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nippon.com%2Fen%2Fjapan-data%2Fh00738%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-473"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-473">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tsunagujapan.com/zh-hans/10-popular-japanese-festivals/">【日本文化】最值得体验的日本传统祭典10大首选</a>. tsunagu Japan. 2019-02-08 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2024-06-09</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230529153101/https://www.tsunagujapan.com/zh-hans/10-popular-japanese-festivals/">存档</a>于2023-05-29) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文(简体)网页">(中文(简体))</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&rft.atitle=%E3%80%90%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E3%80%91%E6%9C%80%E5%80%BC%E5%BE%97%E4%BD%93%E9%AA%8C%E7%9A%84%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E4%BC%A0%E7%BB%9F%E7%A5%AD%E5%85%B810%E5%A4%A7%E9%A6%96%E9%80%89&rft.date=2019-02-08&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=tsunagu+Japan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tsunagujapan.com%2Fzh-hans%2F10-popular-japanese-festivals%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 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class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部連結"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.80.A3.E7.B5.90"></span>外部連結</h2></div> <div role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portal plainlist tright" style="margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;border:solid #aaa 1px"> <ul style="display:table;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0.1em;max-width:175px;background:var(--background-color-base,#f9f9f9);font-size:85%;line-height:110%;font-weight:bold"> <li style="display:table-row"><span style="display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/32px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/48px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/64px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span style="display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="Portal:日本">日本主题</a></span></li> <li style="display:table-row"><span style="display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HanWaHanViet.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/HanWaHanViet.svg/28px-HanWaHanViet.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/HanWaHanViet.svg/43px-HanWaHanViet.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/HanWaHanViet.svg/57px-HanWaHanViet.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="239" data-file-height="236" /></a></span></span><span style="display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%B1%89%E5%AD%97%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%88" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:汉字文化圈">汉字文化圈主题</a></span></li> <li style="display:table-row"><span style="display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/28px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/42px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/56px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></span></span></span><span style="display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E4%BA%9A%E6%B4%B2" title="Portal:亚洲">亚洲主题</a></span></li></ul></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655521">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83112147">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <b>日本</b>在维基百科的<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E5%AA%92%E4%BD%93%E5%A7%8A%E5%A6%B9%E9%A1%B9%E7%9B%AE" title="Wikipedia:维基媒体姊妹项目"><span id="sister-projects">姊妹项目</span></a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="350" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link">维基词典上的<a href="https://zh.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/日本">字词解释</a></span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link">维基共享资源上的<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" class="extiw" title="c:日本">多媒体资源</a></span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link">维基新闻上的<a href="https://zh.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" class="extiw" title="n:Category:日本">新闻</a></span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link">维基语录上的<a href="https://zh.wikiquote.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" class="extiw" title="q:日本">名言</a></span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link">维基文库上的<a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" class="extiw" title="s:Special:Search/日本">原始文献</a></span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/54px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link">维基教科书上的<a href="https://zh.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/日本">教科书和手册</a></span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/54px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link">维基学院上的<a href="https://zh.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/日本">学习资源</a></span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/41px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/54px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link">维基导游上的<a href="https://zh.wikivoyage.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" class="extiw" title="voy:日本">旅行资讯</a></span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655521"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%AB%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90" title="维基共享资源">维基共享资源</a>上的相关多媒体资源:<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Japan" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Japan"><span style="font-weight:bold;">日本</span></a></div></div> </div> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="日本政府">日本政府</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.japan.go.jp/">JapanGov(日本政府官方数字门户)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cao.go.jp/">内閣府</a>(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20201218131538/https://www.cao.go.jp/">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kunaicho.go.jp/">宮内廳</a>(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20050609085517/http://www.kunaicho.go.jp/">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stat.go.jp/">總務省統計局</a>(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20110514220253/http://www.stat.go.jp/">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/">外務省</a>(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210325155415/http://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shugiin.go.jp/index.nsf/html/index.htm">眾議院</a>(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20140321202355/http://www.shugiin.go.jp/index.nsf/html/index.htm">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ndl.go.jp/">國會圖書館</a>(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20070430161016/http://www.ndl.go.jp/">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>)</li></ul> <dl><dt>媒體</dt></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nhk.or.jp/">NHK</a>(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20070409050333/http://www.nhk.or.jp/">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kyodonews.jp/">共同社</a>(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20201219050759/https://www.kyodonews.jp/">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yomiuri.co.jp/">讀賣新聞</a>(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20050629001918/http://www.yomiuri.co.jp/">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sankei.jp/">產經新聞</a>(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210325064745/http://www.sankei.jp/">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.japantimes.co.jp/">The Japan Times</a>(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20190525141935/http://www.japantimes.co.jp/">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.86to81.net/">中日之窗</a>(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210324140747/http://www.86to81.net/">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>)</li></ul> <dl><dt>觀光</dt></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jnto.go.jp/eng/">日本国家旅游局</a>(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20060810002029/http://www.jnto.go.jp/eng/">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unippon.com/">在日旅行</a>(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210323085006/https://unippon.com/">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.japan-guide.com/">日本旅游</a>(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210326003516/http://www.japan-guide.com/">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>)</li></ul> <dl><dt>其他</dt></dl> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikimedia-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Wikimedia-logo.svg/15px-Wikimedia-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Wikimedia-logo.svg/23px-Wikimedia-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Wikimedia-logo.svg/30px-Wikimedia-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Atlas_of_Japan" class="extiw" title="commons:Atlas of Japan">維基媒體的日本地圖集</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gnome-globe.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/15px-Gnome-globe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/23px-Gnome-globe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/30px-Gnome-globe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E6%83%85%E5%A0%B1%E5%B1%80" class="mw-redirect" title="美國中央情報局">美國中央情報局</a>《<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E6%A6%82%E6%B3%81" class="mw-redirect" title="世界概況">世界概況</a>》:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ja.html">「日本」</a>(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20101228224107/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ja.html">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>)<span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://global.britannica.com/place/Japan">《大英百科全書》日本專題</a>(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210324141941/http://global.britannica.com/place/Japan">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>)<span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/author/Japan">日本政府的作品</a> - <a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E9%A8%B0%E5%A0%A1%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83" class="mw-redirect" title="古騰堡計劃">古騰堡計劃</a>,包括1889年《<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B%E6%86%B2%E6%B3%95" title="大日本帝國憲法">大日本帝国宪法</a>》和1946年《<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%AA%E6%B3%95" title="日本国宪法">日本国宪法</a>》</li></ul> <div style="clear: both; height: 1em"></div> <table class="noprint metadata" style="border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; background: #f8f9fa; text-align: center; width:80%; font-size:80%; margin:0.5em auto"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:0%; padding-right:5px" rowspan="5"><figure class="mw-halign-center skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Compass_rose_pale.svg/50px-Compass_rose_pale.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Compass_rose_pale.svg/75px-Compass_rose_pale.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Compass_rose_pale.svg/100px-Compass_rose_pale.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td style="width:33%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="俄罗斯">俄羅斯</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%B5%B7" title="日本海">日本海</a> </td> <td style="width:33%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="俄罗斯">俄羅斯</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E9%84%82%E9%9C%8D%E6%AC%A1%E5%85%8B%E6%B5%B7" title="鄂霍次克海">鄂霍次克海</a><br /> </td> <td style="width:33%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="俄罗斯">俄羅斯</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E9%84%82%E9%9C%8D%E6%AC%A1%E5%85%8B%E6%B5%B7" title="鄂霍次克海">鄂霍次克海</a> </td> <td style="width:0%; padding-left:5px" rowspan="5"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Compass_rose_pale.svg/50px-Compass_rose_pale.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Compass_rose_pale.svg/75px-Compass_rose_pale.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Compass_rose_pale.svg/100px-Compass_rose_pale.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:33%" rowspan="3"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/22px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/33px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/44px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="朝鲜民主主义人民共和国">朝鲜</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/22px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/33px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/44px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%9F%A9%E6%B0%91%E5%9B%BD" title="大韩民国">韩国</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%B5%B7" title="日本海">日本海</a> </td> <td style="width:33%"><span class="mw-default-size skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span title="北"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/North.svg/17px-North.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/North.svg/26px-North.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/North.svg/34px-North.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="17" data-file-height="17" /></span></span> </td> <td style="width:33%" rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E6%B4%8B" title="太平洋">太平洋</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:33%"> <table style="width:100%"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:50%; text-align:right"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span title="西"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/West.svg/17px-West.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/West.svg/26px-West.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/West.svg/34px-West.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="17" data-file-height="17" /></span><figcaption>西</figcaption></figure> </td> <td style="width:0%; text-align: center" nowrap="nowrap">  <b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">日本</a></b>   </td> <td style="width:50%; text-align:left"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span title="東"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Boxed_East_arrow.svg/17px-Boxed_East_arrow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Boxed_East_arrow.svg/26px-Boxed_East_arrow.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Boxed_East_arrow.svg/34px-Boxed_East_arrow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="17" data-file-height="17" /></span><figcaption>東</figcaption></figure> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:33%"><span class="mw-default-size skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span title="南"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/South.svg/17px-South.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/South.svg/26px-South.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/South.svg/34px-South.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="17" data-file-height="17" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:33%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="中华人民共和国">中华人民共和国</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B" title="中華民國">中華民國</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%B2%E5%BE%8B%E5%AE%BE" title="菲律宾">菲律賓</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%B5%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="東海">東海</a> </td> <td style="width:33%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Palau.svg/22px-Flag_of_Palau.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Palau.svg/33px-Flag_of_Palau.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Palau.svg/44px-Flag_of_Palau.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%9B%E7%90%89" title="帛琉">帛琉</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%B2%E5%BE%8B%E8%B3%93%E6%B5%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="菲律賓海">菲律賓海</a><br /> </td> <td style="width:33%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Flag_of_Guam.svg/22px-Flag_of_Guam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Flag_of_Guam.svg/33px-Flag_of_Guam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Flag_of_Guam.svg/44px-Flag_of_Guam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="738" data-file-height="396" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E9%97%9C%E5%B3%B6" title="關島">關島</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Flag_of_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Flag_of_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Flag_of_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="550" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E9%A9%AC%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9A%E7%BA%B3%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B" title="北马里亚纳群岛">北马里亚纳群岛</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E6%B4%8B" title="太平洋">太平洋</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/%E5%BD%8C%E7%94%9F%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" title="彌生時代">彌生</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%9D%9F%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3" title="古坟时代">古墳</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%88%E8%89%AF%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" title="奈良時代">奈良</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%AE%89%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3" title="平安时代">平安</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%8E%8C%E5%80%89%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" title="鎌倉時代">鎌倉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A4%E7%94%BA%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3" title="室町时代">室町</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%9C%9F%E6%A1%83%E5%B1%B1%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3" title="安土桃山时代">安土桃山</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%B7%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3" title="江户时代">江戶</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E6%B2%BB" title="明治">明治</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%AD%A3" title="大正">大正</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%AD%E5%92%8C" title="昭和">昭和</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E6%88%90" title="平成">平成</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A4%E5%92%8C" title="令和">令和</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">主题类</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E5%8F%B2" title="日本經濟史">經濟史</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%8B%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="日本軍事史(页面不存在)">軍事史</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B%E9%99%B8%E8%BB%8D" title="大日本帝國陸軍">陸軍</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B%E6%B5%B7%E8%BB%8D" title="大日本帝國海軍">海軍</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%B5%B7%E5%86%9B%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="日本海军历史">海軍歷史</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E7%9A%84%E5%90%8D%E7%A8%B1" title="日本的名稱">國名</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg/100px-Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg/150px-Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg/200px-Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="990" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" title="日本政治">政治</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="大日本帝国">帝國</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%AA%E6%B3%95" title="日本国宪法">宪法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E7%9A%87%E5%AE%A4" title="日本皇室">皇室</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87" title="天皇">天皇</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="日本天皇列表">列表</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E9%81%B8%E8%88%89" title="日本選舉">選舉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%94%BF%E9%BB%A8%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="日本政黨列表">政黨</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B" title="日本法律">法律</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%AD%BB%E5%88%91%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6" title="日本死刑制度">死刑</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4" title="日本外交">外交</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E4%BA%BA%E6%AC%8A" title="日本人權">人權</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%ACLGBT%E6%9D%83%E7%9B%8A" title="日本LGBT权益">LGBT權益</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="政府" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="日本国政府">政府</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%83_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" title="國會 (日本)">國會</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%83%E8%AD%B0%E9%99%A2_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" title="參議院 (日本)">參議院</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%97%E8%AE%AE%E9%99%A2_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" title="众议院 (日本)">眾議院</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E8%A3%81%E5%88%A4%E6%89%80" title="日本裁判所">司法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%85%A7%E9%96%A3" title="日本內閣">內閣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A7%E9%96%A3%E7%B8%BD%E7%90%86%E5%A4%A7%E8%87%A3" title="內閣總理大臣">內閣總理大臣</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%85%A7%E9%96%A3%E7%B8%BD%E7%90%86%E5%A4%A7%E8%87%A3%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="日本內閣總理大臣列表">列表</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E6%A9%9F%E9%97%9C" title="日本行政機關">行政機關</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E5%8D%AB%E9%98%9F" title="自卫队">自卫队</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E8%87%AA%E8%A1%9B%E9%9A%8A" title="航空自衛隊">航空</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B8%E4%B8%8A%E8%87%AA%E8%A1%9B%E9%9A%8A" title="陸上自衛隊">陸上</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E4%B8%8A%E8%87%AA%E8%A1%9B%E9%9A%8A" title="海上自衛隊">海上</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86" title="日本地理">地理</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E7%92%B0%E5%A2%83%E6%94%BF%E7%AD%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="日本環境政策(页面不存在)">環境政策</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%88%86%E5%8C%BA" title="日本地理分区">地理分區</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8D%80%E5%8A%83" title="日本行政區劃">行政區劃</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="日本城市(页面不存在)">城市</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%83%A1_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" title="郡 (日本)">郡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%BA" title="町">町</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%91_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" title="村 (日本)">村</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%B0%E5%9D%80%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="日本地址系統(页面不存在)">地址系統</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%B3%B6%E5%B6%BC%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="日本島嶼列表">島嶼</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%B9%96%E6%B3%8A%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="日本湖泊列表">湖泊</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%B2%B3%E6%B5%81%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="日本河流列表">河流</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E7%9A%84%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E6%A5%B5%E9%BB%9E" title="日本的地理極點">極點</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E9%81%97%E4%BA%A7%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="日本世界遗产列表">世界遺產</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" title="日本經濟">經濟</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD%E3%80%81%E6%9E%97%E6%A5%AD%E5%8F%8A%E6%BC%81%E6%A5%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="日本農業、林業及漁業(页面不存在)">一級產業</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E8%A3%BD%E9%80%A0%E6%A5%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="日本製造業(页面不存在)">二級產業</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%8B%9E%E5%8A%9B%E5%B8%82%E5%A0%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="日本勞力市場(页面不存在)">勞力</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E9%80%9A%E8%A8%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="日本通訊(页面不存在)">通訊</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A" title="日本交通">交通</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E9%90%B5%E8%B7%AF%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%B8" title="日本鐵路運輸">鐵路運輸</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E5%9C%93" title="日圓">日圓</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E9%93%B6%E8%A1%8C" title="日本银行">中央銀行</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E8%83%BD%E6%BA%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="日本能源(页面不存在)">能源</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E8%B2%A7%E7%AA%AE%E5%95%8F%E9%A1%8C" title="日本貧窮問題">貧窮問題</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96" title="日本文化">文化</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E8%97%9D%E8%A1%93" title="日本藝術">藝術</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%86%E6%99%AF" title="盆景">盆景</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%82%B3%E7%B5%B1%E8%97%9D%E8%83%BD" title="日本傳統藝能">傳統藝能</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%96%99%E7%90%86" title="日本料理">料理</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6" title="日本文学">文學</a></li> <li>音樂 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%82%B3%E7%B5%B1%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%82" class="mw-redirect" title="日本傳統音樂">傳統音樂</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%B5%81%E8%A1%8C%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%82" title="日本流行音樂">流行音樂</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89" title="日本建築">建築</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E9%81%8A%E6%88%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="日本遊戲(页面不存在)">遊戲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%8A%A8%E7%94%BB" title="日本动画">動畫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%BC%AB%E7%94%BB" title="日本漫画">漫畫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E9%9B%BB%E8%A6%96" title="日本電視">電視</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E7%94%B5%E5%BD%B1" title="日本电影">電影</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%B0%91%E4%BF%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="日本民俗(页面不存在)">民俗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%AD%E5%85%B8_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" title="祭典 (日本)">祭典</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E7%A5%9E%E8%A9%B1" title="日本神話">神話</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%BA%AD%E5%9C%92" title="日本庭園">庭園</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%89%BA%E5%A6%93" title="艺妓">艺妓</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%AF%E9%81%93" title="華道">華道</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E8%8C%B6%E9%81%93" title="日本茶道">茶道</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%8F%AF%E6%84%9B%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96" title="日本可愛文化">可愛文化</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%AA%92%E9%AB%94" title="日本媒體">媒體</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E5%BC%8F%E6%BA%AB%E6%B3%89" title="日式溫泉">日式溫泉</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%8C%A2%E6%B9%AF" title="錢湯">錢湯</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">社會</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E7%BE%8E%E5%AD%B8" title="日本美學">美學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3" title="日本人口">人口</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" title="日本語言">語言</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%96%87%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" class="mw-redirect" title="日文文字">文字</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%B2%BB%E5%AE%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="日本治安(页面不存在)">治安</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2" title="日本教育">教育</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E7%A6%AE%E5%84%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="日本禮儀(页面不存在)">禮儀</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E4%BD%8F%E5%AE%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="日本住宅(页面不存在)">住宅</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B" title="日本法律">法律</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E4%BA%BA" title="日本人">人種</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="日本宗教">宗教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E9%AB%94%E8%82%B2" title="日本體育">體育</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E9%86%AB%E7%99%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="日本醫療(页面不存在)">醫療</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%80%A7%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96" title="日本性文化">性</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="font-weight: bold;"><div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="分类"><img alt="分类" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="Category:日本">分類</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="主题"><img alt="主题" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="Portal:日本">主題</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="专题"><img alt="专题" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/24px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/32px-People_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/WikiProject:%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="WikiProject:日本">專題</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="日本行政區劃" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E9%83%BD%E9%81%93%E5%BA%9C%E7%B8%A3" title="Template:日本都道府縣"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E9%83%BD%E9%81%93%E5%BA%9C%E7%B8%A3" title="Template talk:日本都道府縣"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E9%83%BD%E9%81%93%E5%BA%9C%E7%B8%A3" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:日本都道府縣"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="日本行政區劃" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8D%80%E5%8A%83" title="日本行政區劃">日本行政區劃</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li>47<a href="/wiki/%E9%83%BD%E9%81%93%E5%BA%9C%E7%B8%A3" title="都道府縣">都道府縣</a> <ul><li>1<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%AC%E9%83%BD" title="東京都">都</a></li> <li>1<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93_(%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%92)" title="道 (行政区划)">道</a></li> <li>2<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%9C_(%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%92)" title="府 (行政区划)">府</a></li> <li>43<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%BF" title="县">县</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;border-right:5px solid #FF8585"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93" title="北海道">北海道地方</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93" title="北海道">北海道</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Regions_and_Prefectures_of_Japan_no_labels.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="日本行政區劃"><img alt="日本行政區劃" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Regions_and_Prefectures_of_Japan_no_labels.svg/200px-Regions_and_Prefectures_of_Japan_no_labels.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Regions_and_Prefectures_of_Japan_no_labels.svg/300px-Regions_and_Prefectures_of_Japan_no_labels.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Regions_and_Prefectures_of_Japan_no_labels.svg/400px-Regions_and_Prefectures_of_Japan_no_labels.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="831" data-file-height="743" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;border-right:5px solid #FFFB91"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E5%8C%97%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9" title="东北地方">东北地方</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E6%A3%AE%E7%B8%A3" title="青森縣">青森縣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B2%A9%E6%89%8B%E5%8E%BF" title="岩手县">岩手县</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%AE%E5%9F%8E%E7%B8%A3" title="宮城縣">宮城縣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%8B%E7%94%B0%E5%8E%BF" title="秋田县">秋田县</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E5%BD%A2%E5%8E%BF" title="山形县">山形县</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%8F%E5%B2%9B%E5%8E%BF" title="福岛县">福岛县</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;border-right:5px solid #79FF76"><a href="/wiki/%E9%97%9C%E6%9D%B1%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9" title="關東地方">關東地方</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8C%A8%E5%9F%8E%E7%B8%A3" title="茨城縣">茨城縣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%83%E6%9C%A8%E7%B8%A3" title="栃木縣">栃木縣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A4%E9%A6%AC%E7%B8%A3" title="群馬縣">群馬縣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BC%E7%8E%89%E7%B8%A3" title="埼玉縣">埼玉縣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%83%E8%91%89%E7%B8%A3" title="千葉縣">千葉縣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%AC%E9%83%BD" title="東京都">東京都</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E5%A5%88%E5%B7%9D%E7%B8%A3" title="神奈川縣">神奈川縣</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;border-right:5px solid #8BFFE8"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E9%83%A8%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9" title="中部地方">中部地方</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%BD%9F%E5%8E%BF" title="新潟县">新潟县</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%8C%E5%B1%B1%E7%B8%A3" title="富山縣">富山縣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E5%B7%9D%E7%B8%A3" title="石川縣">石川縣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%8F%E4%BA%95%E7%B8%A3" title="福井縣">福井縣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E6%A2%A8%E5%8E%BF" title="山梨县">山梨县</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%BF%E9%87%8E%E5%8E%BF" title="长野县">长野县</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B2%90%E9%98%9C%E5%8E%BF" title="岐阜县">岐阜县</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9C%E5%B2%A1%E7%B8%A3" title="靜岡縣">靜岡縣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9B%E7%9F%A5%E7%B8%A3" title="愛知縣">愛知縣</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;border-right:5px solid #7272FF"><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E7%95%BF%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9" title="近畿地方">近畿地方</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E9%87%8D%E5%8E%BF" title="三重县">三重县</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BB%8B%E8%B4%BA%E5%8E%BF" title="滋贺县">滋贺县</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%AC%E9%83%BD%E5%BA%9C" title="京都府">京都府</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%98%AA%E5%BA%9C" title="大阪府">大阪府</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B5%E5%BA%93%E5%8E%BF" title="兵库县">兵库县</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%88%E8%89%AF%E5%8E%BF" title="奈良县">奈良县</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%92%8C%E6%AD%8C%E5%B1%B1%E5%8E%BF" title="和歌山县">和歌山县</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;border-right:5px solid #FF9148"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9" title="中国地方">中国地方</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%B3%A5%E5%8F%96%E7%B8%A3" title="鳥取縣">鳥取縣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B2%9B%E6%A0%B9%E5%8E%BF" title="岛根县">岛根县</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B2%A1%E5%B1%B1%E7%B8%A3" title="岡山縣">岡山縣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%A3%E5%B3%B6%E7%B8%A3" title="廣島縣">廣島縣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E5%8F%A3%E5%8E%BF" title="山口县">山口县</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;border-right:5px solid #D16EFF"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E5%9C%8B" title="四國">四國地方</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%B2%9B%E5%8E%BF" title="德岛县">德岛县</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E5%B7%9D%E5%8E%BF" title="香川县">香川县</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E5%AA%9B%E5%8E%BF" title="爱媛县">爱媛县</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E7%9F%A5%E5%8E%BF" title="高知县">高知县</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;border-right:5px solid #C5C5C5"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%9D%E5%B7%9E_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" title="九州 (日本)">九州<b><span style="text-align: center; text-indent:0; display:inline-block; inline-size:1em;">·</span></b>沖繩地方</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%8F%E5%86%88%E5%8E%BF" title="福冈县">福冈县</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%90%E8%B4%BA%E5%8E%BF" title="佐贺县">佐贺县</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%BF%E5%B4%8E%E5%8E%BF" title="长崎县">长崎县</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%86%8A%E6%9C%AC%E7%B8%A3" title="熊本縣">熊本縣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%86%E5%8E%BF" title="大分县">大分县</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%AE%E5%B4%8E%E7%B8%A3" title="宮崎縣">宮崎縣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%B9%BF%E5%84%BF%E5%B2%9B%E5%8E%BF" title="鹿儿岛县">鹿儿岛县</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%96%E7%B9%A9%E7%B8%A3" title="沖繩縣">沖繩縣</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>參見:{{<a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E9%83%BD%E9%81%93%E5%BA%9C%E7%B8%A3%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8D%80%E5%8A%83" title="Template:日本都道府縣行政區劃">日本都道府縣行政區劃</a>}}</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="亚洲" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2" title="Template:亞洲"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2" title="Template talk:亞洲"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:亞洲"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="亚洲" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E6%B4%B2" title="亚洲">亚洲</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E4%BA%9A" title="东亚">东亚</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="中华人民共和国">中华人民共和国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B" title="中華民國">中華民國</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">日本</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%9F%A9%E6%B0%91%E5%9B%BD" title="大韩民国">韩国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="朝鲜民主主义人民共和国">朝鲜</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E5%9B%BD" title="蒙古国">蒙古</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px;padding: 0 0.5em;"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Asia_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/100px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/150px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/200px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%9A" title="东南亚">东南亚</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97" title="越南">越南</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%AC%E5%9F%94%E5%AF%A8" title="柬埔寨">柬埔寨</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%81%E6%8C%9D" title="老挝">老挝</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BC%85%E7%94%B8" title="缅甸">缅甸</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E5%9B%BD" title="泰国">泰国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A" title="马来西亚">马来西亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%8A%A0%E5%9D%A1" title="新加坡">新加坡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%B6%E8%8E%B1" title="汶莱">文莱</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%B2%E5%BE%8B%E5%AE%BE" title="菲律宾">菲律宾</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%B0%BC%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A" title="印度尼西亚">印度尼西亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E5%B8%9D%E6%B1%B6" title="东帝汶">东帝汶</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%9A" title="南亚">南亚</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6" title="印度">印度</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%9F%BA%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="巴基斯坦">巴基斯坦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%9F%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%89%E5%9B%BD" title="孟加拉国">孟加拉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E9%87%8C%E8%98%AD%E5%8D%A1" title="斯里蘭卡">斯里蘭卡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E6%B3%8A%E5%B0%94" title="尼泊尔">尼泊尔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E4%B8%B9" title="不丹">不丹</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%94%E4%BB%A3%E5%A4%AB" title="马尔代夫">马尔代夫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%AF%8C%E6%B1%97" title="阿富汗">阿富汗</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%BA%9A" title="中亚">中亚</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E8%90%A8%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="哈萨克斯坦">哈萨克斯坦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E5%B0%94%E5%90%89%E6%96%AF%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="吉尔吉斯斯坦">吉尔吉斯斯坦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E5%90%89%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="塔吉克斯坦">塔吉克斯坦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%B9%E5%88%AB%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="乌兹别克斯坦">乌兹别克斯坦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%BA%93%E6%9B%BC%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="土库曼斯坦">土库曼斯坦</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A" title="西亚">西亚</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%97" title="伊朗">伊朗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%A1%9E%E6%8B%9C%E7%96%86" title="阿塞拜疆">阿塞拜疆</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E7%BE%8E%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E" title="亞美尼亞">亞美尼亞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E9%B2%81%E5%90%89%E4%BA%9A" title="格鲁吉亚">格鲁吉亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%A5%A5%E5%A1%9E%E6%A2%AF" title="南奥塞梯">南奥塞梯</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B8%83%E5%93%88%E8%8C%B2" title="阿布哈茲">阿布哈茲</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E7%89%B9%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF" title="沙特阿拉伯">沙特阿拉伯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%9E%97" title="巴林">巴林</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%A1%94%E5%B0%94" title="卡塔尔">卡塔尔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E9%85%8B%E9%95%BF%E5%9B%BD" title="阿拉伯联合酋长国">阿拉伯联合酋长国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%9B%BC" title="阿曼">阿曼</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%9F%E9%97%A8" title="也门">也门</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%A8%81%E7%89%B9" title="科威特">科威特</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%8B%89%E5%85%8B" title="伊拉克">伊拉克</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%99%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" title="叙利亚">叙利亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%8E%E5%B7%B4%E5%AB%A9" title="黎巴嫩">黎巴嫩</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E6%97%A6" title="约旦">约旦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97" title="以色列">以色列</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E5%9C%8B" title="巴勒斯坦國">巴勒斯坦</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6" title="土耳其">土耳其</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%BD%E6%99%AE%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF" title="賽普勒斯">賽普勒斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E8%B3%BD%E6%99%AE%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF" title="北賽普勒斯">北賽普勒斯</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%8F%8A" title="埃及">埃及</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%9A" title="北亚">北亚</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="俄罗斯">俄罗斯</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">海外<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%9E%E5%9C%B0" title="属地">屬地</a>與<br />其他特殊政區</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E5%85%8B%E7%BE%85%E6%8F%90%E5%88%A9%E8%88%87%E5%BE%B7%E5%87%B1%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E" title="亞克羅提利與德凱利亞">阿克罗蒂里和泽凯利亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%B1%AC%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%B4%8B%E9%A0%98%E5%9C%B0" title="英屬印度洋領地">英屬印度洋領地</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E8%AF%9E%E5%B2%9B" title="圣诞岛">圣诞岛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E7%A7%91%E6%96%AF%EF%BC%88%E5%9F%BA%E6%9E%97%EF%BC%89%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="科科斯(基林)群島">科科斯(基林)群島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF" title="香港">香港</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E9%96%80" title="澳門">澳門</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">註1:<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E9%99%90%E6%89%BF%E8%AE%A4%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6" title="有限承认国家">未受国际普遍承认国家</a></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8D%80%E7%B4%A2%E5%BC%95" title="世界政區索引">世界政區索引</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2" title="非洲">非洲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2" title="美洲">美洲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%9E%81%E6%B4%B2" title="南极洲">南极洲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2" title="欧洲">欧洲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%8B%E6%B4%B2" title="大洋洲">大洋洲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%84%E5%9B%BD%E9%A6%96%E9%83%BD%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="各国首都列表">各国首都列表</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="國際組織成員" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="國際組織成員" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em">國際組織成員</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;font-size:114%;"><div style="padding:0px;"><div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="七国集团(G7)/八国集团(G8)/八国集团同五国(G8+5)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:G8" title="Template:G8"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:G8" title="Template talk:G8"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:G8" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:G8"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="七国集团(G7)/八国集团(G8)/八国集团同五国(G8+5)" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%83%E5%A4%A7%E5%B7%A5%E6%A5%AD%E5%9C%8B%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94" title="七大工業國組織">七国集团</a>(G7)/<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AB%E5%A4%A7%E5%B7%A5%E6%A5%AD%E5%9C%8B%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94" title="八大工業國組織">八国集团</a>(G8)/<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AB%E5%9B%BD%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2%E5%90%8C%E4%BA%94%E5%9B%BD" title="八国集团同五国">八国集团同五国</a>(G8+5)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">G7(G8)成員國</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7" title="加拿大">加拿大</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/22px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/33px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/44px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="法國">法國</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/22px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/33px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/44px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD" title="德国">德国</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/22px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/33px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/44px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A9%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="義大利">義大利</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">日本</a></li> <li>(<span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="俄罗斯">俄羅斯</a>,凍結)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD" title="英国">英国</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD" title="美国">美国</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">非正式成員</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/22px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/33px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/44px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F" title="欧洲联盟">欧洲联盟</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">G8+5</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/44px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF" title="巴西">巴西</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="中华人民共和国">中国</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/22px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/33px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/44px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6" title="印度">印度</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/22px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/33px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/44px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%A2%A8%E8%A5%BF%E5%93%A5" title="墨西哥">墨西哥</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/22px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/33px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/44px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E9%9D%9E" title="南非">南非</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="二十國集團(G20)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:G20" title="Template:G20"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:G20" title="Template talk:G20"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:G20" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:G20"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="二十國集團(G20)" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%81%E5%9C%8B%E9%9B%86%E5%9C%98" title="二十國集團">二十國集團</a>(G20)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F" title="非洲联盟">非洲联盟</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/22px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/33px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/44px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%A0%B9%E5%BB%B7" title="阿根廷">阿根廷</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" title="澳大利亚">澳大利亞</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/44px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF" title="巴西">巴西</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7" title="加拿大">加拿大</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="中华人民共和国">中华人民共和国</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/22px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/33px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/44px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F" title="欧洲联盟">欧洲联盟</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/22px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/33px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/44px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="法國">法國</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/22px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/33px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/44px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD" title="德国">德国</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/22px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/33px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/44px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6" title="印度">印度</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%B0%BC%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A" title="印度尼西亚">印度尼西亞</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/22px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/33px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/44px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A9%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="義大利">義大利</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">日本</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/22px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/33px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/44px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%A2%A8%E8%A5%BF%E5%93%A5" title="墨西哥">墨西哥</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="俄罗斯">俄羅斯</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E7%89%B9%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF" title="沙特阿拉伯">沙烏地阿拉伯</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/22px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/33px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/44px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E9%9D%9E" title="南非">南非</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/22px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/33px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/44px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%9F%A9%E6%B0%91%E5%9B%BD" title="大韩民国">韩国</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/22px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/33px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/44px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6" title="土耳其">土耳其</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD" title="英国">英国</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD" title="美国">美国</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="22px_世界贸易组织_22px" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:#EEEEFE;"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E8%B2%BF%E6%98%93%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94" title="Template:世界貿易組織"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E8%B2%BF%E6%98%93%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94" title="Template talk:世界貿易組織"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E8%B2%BF%E6%98%93%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:世界貿易組織"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="22px_世界贸易组织_22px" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:WTO_Logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/WTO_Logo.svg/22px-WTO_Logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/WTO_Logo.svg/33px-WTO_Logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/WTO_Logo.svg/44px-WTO_Logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="95" data-file-height="88" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E8%B4%B8%E6%98%93%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" title="世界贸易组织">世界贸易组织</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:WTO_Logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/WTO_Logo.svg/22px-WTO_Logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/WTO_Logo.svg/33px-WTO_Logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/WTO_Logo.svg/44px-WTO_Logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="95" data-file-height="88" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#ECECFE;">系統</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="世界貿易組織成員國" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Member states of the World Trade Organization"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E8%B2%BF%E6%98%93%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94%E6%88%90%E5%93%A1%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="世界貿易組織成員國(页面不存在)">成員國</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Member_states_of_the_World_Trade_Organization" class="extiw" title="en:Member states of the World Trade Organization"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Member states of the World Trade Organization</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E8%AF%89%E6%9C%BA%E6%9E%84" title="上诉机构">上诉机构</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="爭端解決機構" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Dispute Settlement Body"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%88%AD%E7%AB%AF%E8%A7%A3%E6%B1%BA%E6%A9%9F%E6%A7%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="爭端解決機構(页面不存在)">爭端解決機構</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dispute_Settlement_Body" class="extiw" title="en:Dispute Settlement Body"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Dispute Settlement Body</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E8%B4%B8%E6%98%93%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83" title="国际贸易中心">国际贸易中心</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="世界貿易組織時間表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Timeline of the World Trade Organization"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E8%B2%BF%E6%98%93%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94%E6%99%82%E9%96%93%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="世界貿易組織時間表(页面不存在)">時間表</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_World_Trade_Organization" class="extiw" title="en:Timeline of the World Trade Organization"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Timeline of the World Trade Organization</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:World_Trade_Organization_(logo_and_wordmark).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/World_Trade_Organization_%28logo_and_wordmark%29.svg/222px-World_Trade_Organization_%28logo_and_wordmark%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="222" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/World_Trade_Organization_%28logo_and_wordmark%29.svg/333px-World_Trade_Organization_%28logo_and_wordmark%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/World_Trade_Organization_%28logo_and_wordmark%29.svg/444px-World_Trade_Organization_%28logo_and_wordmark%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="375" data-file-height="111" /></a></span><br /> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:WTO_Ministerial_Conference_December_2011.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/WTO_Ministerial_Conference_December_2011.jpg/222px-WTO_Ministerial_Conference_December_2011.jpg" decoding="async" width="222" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/WTO_Ministerial_Conference_December_2011.jpg/333px-WTO_Ministerial_Conference_December_2011.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/WTO_Ministerial_Conference_December_2011.jpg/444px-WTO_Ministerial_Conference_December_2011.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5616" data-file-height="3744" /></a></span><br /> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:World_Trade_Organization_negotiations.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/World_Trade_Organization_negotiations.svg/222px-World_Trade_Organization_negotiations.svg.png" decoding="async" width="222" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/World_Trade_Organization_negotiations.svg/333px-World_Trade_Organization_negotiations.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/World_Trade_Organization_negotiations.svg/444px-World_Trade_Organization_negotiations.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="940" data-file-height="415" /></a></span><br /> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fourth_Global_Review_of_Aid_for_Trade_1691_(9237986689).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Fourth_Global_Review_of_Aid_for_Trade_1691_%289237986689%29.jpg/222px-Fourth_Global_Review_of_Aid_for_Trade_1691_%289237986689%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="222" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Fourth_Global_Review_of_Aid_for_Trade_1691_%289237986689%29.jpg/333px-Fourth_Global_Review_of_Aid_for_Trade_1691_%289237986689%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Fourth_Global_Review_of_Aid_for_Trade_1691_%289237986689%29.jpg/444px-Fourth_Global_Review_of_Aid_for_Trade_1691_%289237986689%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6048" data-file-height="4032" /></a></span><br /> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Free_Trade_Areas.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Free_Trade_Areas.PNG/222px-Free_Trade_Areas.PNG" decoding="async" width="222" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Free_Trade_Areas.PNG/333px-Free_Trade_Areas.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Free_Trade_Areas.PNG/444px-Free_Trade_Areas.PNG 2x" data-file-width="1428" data-file-height="628" /></a></span><br /> </p> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:WTO_Ministerial_Conference_2011.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/WTO_Ministerial_Conference_2011.jpg/222px-WTO_Ministerial_Conference_2011.jpg" decoding="async" width="222" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/WTO_Ministerial_Conference_2011.jpg/333px-WTO_Ministerial_Conference_2011.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/WTO_Ministerial_Conference_2011.jpg/444px-WTO_Ministerial_Conference_2011.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6048" data-file-height="4032" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#ECECFE;">問題</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%B9%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E8%B4%B8%E6%98%93%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87%E7%9A%84%E6%89%B9%E8%AF%84" title="对世界贸易组织的批评">对世界贸易组织的批评</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E5%93%88%E5%9B%9E%E5%90%88%E8%B2%BF%E6%98%93%E8%AB%87%E5%88%A4" title="多哈回合貿易談判">多哈回合貿易談判</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="新加坡問題" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Singapore issues"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B0%E5%8A%A0%E5%9D%A1%E5%95%8F%E9%A1%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="新加坡問題(页面不存在)">新加坡問題</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore_issues" class="extiw" title="en:Singapore issues"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Singapore issues</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="取消配額" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Quota Elimination"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%96%E6%B6%88%E9%85%8D%E9%A1%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="取消配額(页面不存在)">取消配額</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quota_Elimination" class="extiw" title="en:Quota Elimination"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Quota Elimination</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="和平條款" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Peace Clause"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%92%8C%E5%B9%B3%E6%A2%9D%E6%AC%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="和平條款(页面不存在)">和平條款</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peace_Clause" class="extiw" title="en:Peace Clause"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Peace Clause</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#ECECFE;">協定</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%97%9C%E7%A8%85%E6%9A%A8%E8%B2%BF%E6%98%93%E7%B8%BD%E5%8D%94%E5%AE%9A" title="關稅暨貿易總協定">關稅暨貿易總協定</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD%E5%8D%94%E5%AE%9A" title="農業協定">農業協定</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="實施衛生及植物檢疫措施協定" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AF%A6%E6%96%BD%E8%A1%9B%E7%94%9F%E5%8F%8A%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E6%AA%A2%E7%96%AB%E6%8E%AA%E6%96%BD%E5%8D%94%E5%AE%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="實施衛生及植物檢疫措施協定(页面不存在)">實施衛生及植物檢疫措施協定</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agreement_on_the_Application_of_Sanitary_and_Phytosanitary_Measures" class="extiw" title="en:Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="技術性貿易壁壘協定" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93%E6%80%A7%E8%B2%BF%E6%98%93%E5%A3%81%E5%A3%98%E5%8D%94%E5%AE%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="技術性貿易壁壘協定(页面不存在)">技術性貿易壁壘協定</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agreement_on_Technical_Barriers_to_Trade" class="extiw" title="en:Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="與貿易有關的投資措施協定" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Agreement on Trade-Related Investment Measures"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%88%87%E8%B2%BF%E6%98%93%E6%9C%89%E9%97%9C%E7%9A%84%E6%8A%95%E8%B3%87%E6%8E%AA%E6%96%BD%E5%8D%94%E5%AE%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="與貿易有關的投資措施協定(页面不存在)">與貿易有關的投資措施協定</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agreement_on_Trade-Related_Investment_Measures" class="extiw" title="en:Agreement on Trade-Related Investment Measures"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Agreement on Trade-Related Investment Measures</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%8D%E5%8B%99%E8%B2%BF%E6%98%93%E7%B8%BD%E5%8D%94%E5%AE%9A" title="服務貿易總協定">服務貿易總協定</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8E%E8%B4%B8%E6%98%93%E6%9C%89%E5%85%B3%E7%9A%84%E7%9F%A5%E8%AF%86%E4%BA%A7%E6%9D%83%E5%8D%8F%E5%AE%9A" title="与贸易有关的知识产权协定">与贸易有关的知识产权协定</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E6%8E%A1%E8%B3%BC%E5%8D%94%E5%AE%9A" title="政府採購協定">政府採購協定</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%87%E8%A8%8A%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80%E5%8D%94%E5%AE%9A" title="資訊科技協定">資訊科技協定</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%8B%89%E5%96%80%E4%BB%80%E5%BB%BA%E7%AB%8B%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E8%B4%B8%E6%98%93%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87%E5%8D%8F%E5%AE%9A" title="马拉喀什建立世界贸易组织协定">马拉喀什建立世界贸易组织协定</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="關於TRIPS協議和公共衛生的多哈宣言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Doha Declaration on the TRIPS agreement and public health"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%97%9C%E6%96%BCTRIPS%E5%8D%94%E8%AD%B0%E5%92%8C%E5%85%AC%E5%85%B1%E8%A1%9B%E7%94%9F%E7%9A%84%E5%A4%9A%E5%93%88%E5%AE%A3%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="關於TRIPS協議和公共衛生的多哈宣言(页面不存在)">關於TRIPS協議和公共衛生的多哈宣言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doha_Declaration_on_the_TRIPS_agreement_and_public_health" class="extiw" title="en:Doha Declaration on the TRIPS agreement and public health"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Doha Declaration on the TRIPS agreement and public health</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="峇裡島套餐" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Bali Package"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B3%87%E8%A3%A1%E5%B3%B6%E5%A5%97%E9%A4%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="峇裡島套餐(页面不存在)">峇裡島套餐</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bali_Package" class="extiw" title="en:Bali Package"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Bali Package</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#ECECFE;"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="部長級" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ministerial Conference"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%83%A8%E9%95%B7%E7%B4%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="部長級(页面不存在)">部長級</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministerial_Conference" class="extiw" title="en:Ministerial Conference"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ministerial Conference</span></a></span>)</span></span><br />會議</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E8%B2%BF%E6%98%93%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E9%83%A8%E9%95%B7%E7%B4%9A%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="世界貿易組織第一次部長級會議">第一次</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E8%B2%BF%E6%98%93%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E9%83%A8%E9%95%B7%E7%B4%9A%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="世界貿易組織第二次部長級會議">第二次</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E8%B2%BF%E6%98%93%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E6%AC%A1%E9%83%A8%E9%95%B7%E7%B4%9A%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="世界貿易組織第三次部長級會議">第三次</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E8%B2%BF%E6%98%93%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E6%AC%A1%E9%83%A8%E9%95%B7%E7%B4%9A%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="世界貿易組織第四次部長級會議">第四次</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E8%B2%BF%E6%98%93%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%94%E6%AC%A1%E9%83%A8%E9%95%B7%E7%B4%9A%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="世界貿易組織第五次部長級會議">第五次</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E8%B2%BF%E6%98%93%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94%E7%AC%AC%E5%85%AD%E6%AC%A1%E9%83%A8%E9%95%B7%E7%B4%9A%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="世界貿易組織第六次部長級會議">第六次</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E8%B2%BF%E6%98%93%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%83%E6%AC%A1%E9%83%A8%E9%95%B7%E7%B4%9A%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="世界貿易組織第七次部長級會議">第七次</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="世界貿易組織第八次部長級會議" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="World Trade Organization Ministerial Conference of 2011"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E8%B2%BF%E6%98%93%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94%E7%AC%AC%E5%85%AB%E6%AC%A1%E9%83%A8%E9%95%B7%E7%B4%9A%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="世界貿易組織第八次部長級會議(页面不存在)">第八次</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Trade_Organization_Ministerial_Conference_of_2011" class="extiw" title="en:World Trade Organization Ministerial Conference of 2011"><span lang="en" dir="auto">World Trade Organization Ministerial Conference of 2011</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="世界貿易組織第九次部長級會議" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="World Trade Organization Ministerial Conference of 2013"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E8%B2%BF%E6%98%93%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94%E7%AC%AC%E4%B9%9D%E6%AC%A1%E9%83%A8%E9%95%B7%E7%B4%9A%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="世界貿易組織第九次部長級會議(页面不存在)">第九次</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Trade_Organization_Ministerial_Conference_of_2013" class="extiw" title="en:World Trade Organization Ministerial Conference of 2013"><span lang="en" dir="auto">World Trade Organization Ministerial Conference of 2013</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="世界貿易組織第十次部長級會議" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="World Trade Organization Ministerial Conference of 2015"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E8%B2%BF%E6%98%93%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94%E7%AC%AC%E5%8D%81%E6%AC%A1%E9%83%A8%E9%95%B7%E7%B4%9A%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="世界貿易組織第十次部長級會議(页面不存在)">第十次</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Trade_Organization_Ministerial_Conference_of_2015" class="extiw" title="en:World Trade Organization Ministerial Conference of 2015"><span lang="en" dir="auto">World Trade Organization Ministerial Conference of 2015</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="世界貿易組織第十一次部長級會議" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="World Trade Organization Ministerial Conference of 2017"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E8%B2%BF%E6%98%93%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94%E7%AC%AC%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E9%83%A8%E9%95%B7%E7%B4%9A%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="世界貿易組織第十一次部長級會議(页面不存在)">第十一次</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Trade_Organization_Ministerial_Conference_of_2017" class="extiw" title="en:World Trade Organization Ministerial Conference of 2017"><span lang="en" dir="auto">World Trade Organization Ministerial Conference of 2017</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="世界貿易組織第十二次部長級會議" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="World Trade Organization Ministerial Conference of 2022"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E8%B2%BF%E6%98%93%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94%E7%AC%AC%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E9%83%A8%E9%95%B7%E7%B4%9A%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="世界貿易組織第十二次部長級會議(页面不存在)">第十二次</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Trade_Organization_Ministerial_Conference_of_2022" class="extiw" title="en:World Trade Organization Ministerial Conference of 2022"><span lang="en" dir="auto">World Trade Organization Ministerial Conference of 2022</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="世界貿易組織第十三次部長級會議" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="World Trade Organization Ministerial Conference of 2024"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E8%B2%BF%E6%98%93%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94%E7%AC%AC%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%89%E6%AC%A1%E9%83%A8%E9%95%B7%E7%B4%9A%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="世界貿易組織第十三次部長級會議(页面不存在)">第十三次</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Trade_Organization_Ministerial_Conference_of_2024" class="extiw" title="en:World Trade Organization Ministerial Conference of 2024"><span lang="en" dir="auto">World Trade Organization Ministerial Conference of 2024</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#ECECFE;">人士</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%A9%E6%88%88%E9%BD%8A%C2%B7%E5%A5%A7%E5%AD%94%E7%B4%84-%E4%BC%8A%E8%A1%9E%E6%8B%89" title="恩戈齊·奧孔約-伊衞拉">恩戈齊·奧孔約-伊衞拉</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E8%B2%BF%E6%98%93%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94%E7%B8%BD%E5%B9%B9%E4%BA%8B" title="世界貿易組織總幹事">世界貿易組織總幹事</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E4%BC%AF%E6%89%98%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E6%B3%BD%E7%BB%B4%E5%A4%9A" title="罗伯托·阿泽维多">罗伯托·阿泽维多</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%95%E6%96%AF%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E7%B1%B3" title="帕斯卡尔·拉米">帕斯卡尔·拉米</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="素帕猜·帕尼帕迪" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Supachai Panitchpakdi"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B4%A0%E5%B8%95%E7%8C%9C%C2%B7%E5%B8%95%E5%B0%BC%E5%B8%95%E8%BF%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="素帕猜·帕尼帕迪(页面不存在)">素帕猜·帕尼帕迪</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supachai_Panitchpakdi" class="extiw" title="en:Supachai Panitchpakdi"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Supachai Panitchpakdi</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="亞歷杭德羅·哈拉" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Alejandro Jara"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%9E%E6%AD%B7%E6%9D%AD%E5%BE%B7%E7%BE%85%C2%B7%E5%93%88%E6%8B%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="亞歷杭德羅·哈拉(页面不存在)">亞歷杭德羅·哈拉</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alejandro_Jara" class="extiw" title="en:Alejandro Jara"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Alejandro Jara</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="魯弗斯·耶克薩" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Rufus Yerxa"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%AD%AF%E5%BC%97%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E8%80%B6%E5%85%8B%E8%96%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="魯弗斯·耶克薩(页面不存在)">魯弗斯·耶克薩</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rufus_Yerxa" class="extiw" title="en:Rufus Yerxa"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Rufus Yerxa</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#ECECFE;">經濟</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%AF%8C%E6%B1%97%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E" title="阿富汗经济">阿富汗经济</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E" title="阿尔巴尼亚经济">阿尔巴尼亚经济</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%8F%8A%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E" title="阿尔及利亚经济">阿尔及利亚经济</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%93%A5%E6%8B%89%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" title="安哥拉經濟">安哥拉經濟</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="安地卡及巴布達經濟" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Economy of Antigua and Barbuda"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%89%E5%9C%B0%E5%8D%A1%E5%8F%8A%E5%B7%B4%E5%B8%83%E9%81%94%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="安地卡及巴布達經濟(页面不存在)">安地卡及巴布達經濟</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda" class="extiw" title="en:Economy of Antigua and Barbuda"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Economy of Antigua and Barbuda</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%A0%B9%E5%BB%B7%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" title="阿根廷經濟">阿根廷經濟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E7%BE%8E%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E" title="亚美尼亚经济">亚美尼亚经济</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" title="澳大利亞經濟">澳大利亚經濟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%9E%97%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" title="巴林經濟">巴林經濟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%9F%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%89%E5%9B%BD%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E" title="孟加拉国经济">孟加拉国经济</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="巴貝多經濟" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Economy of Barbados"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E8%B2%9D%E5%A4%9A%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="巴貝多經濟(页面不存在)">巴貝多經濟</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Barbados" class="extiw" title="en:Economy of Barbados"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Economy of Barbados</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="貝里斯經濟" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Economy of Belize"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B2%9D%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="貝里斯經濟(页面不存在)">貝里斯經濟</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Belize" class="extiw" title="en:Economy of Belize"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Economy of Belize</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="貝南經濟" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Economy of Benin"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B2%9D%E5%8D%97%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="貝南經濟(页面不存在)">貝南經濟</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Benin" class="extiw" title="en:Economy of Benin"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Economy of Benin</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="玻利維亞經濟" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Economy of Bolivia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8E%BB%E5%88%A9%E7%B6%AD%E4%BA%9E%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="玻利維亞經濟(页面不存在)">玻利維亞經濟</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Bolivia" class="extiw" title="en:Economy of Bolivia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Economy of Bolivia</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%9A%E8%8C%A8%E7%93%A6%E7%B4%8D%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" title="博茨瓦納經濟">博茨瓦納經濟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" title="巴西經濟">巴西經濟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%B6%E8%90%8A%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" title="汶萊經濟">汶萊經濟</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="布吉納法索經濟" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Economy of Burkina Faso"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%83%E5%90%89%E7%B4%8D%E6%B3%95%E7%B4%A2%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="布吉納法索經濟(页面不存在)">布吉納法索經濟</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Burkina_Faso" class="extiw" title="en:Economy of Burkina Faso"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Economy of Burkina Faso</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BC%85%E7%94%B8%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E" title="缅甸经济">缅甸经济</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="蒲隆地經濟" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Economy of Burundi"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%92%B2%E9%9A%86%E5%9C%B0%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="蒲隆地經濟(页面不存在)">蒲隆地經濟</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Burundi" class="extiw" title="en:Economy of Burundi"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Economy of Burundi</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%AC%E5%9F%94%E5%AF%A8%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" title="柬埔寨經濟">柬埔寨經濟</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="喀麥隆經濟" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Economy of Cameroon"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%96%80%E9%BA%A5%E9%9A%86%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="喀麥隆經濟(页面不存在)">喀麥隆經濟</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Cameroon" class="extiw" title="en:Economy of Cameroon"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Economy of Cameroon</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" title="加拿大經濟">加拿大經濟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E5%BE%97%E8%A7%92%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" title="佛得角經濟">佛得角經濟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E9%9D%9E%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" title="中非共和國經濟">中非共和國經濟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8D%E5%BE%97%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E" title="乍得经济">乍得经济</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%BA%E5%88%A9%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E" title="智利经济">智利经济</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E" title="中华人民共和国经济">中华人民共和国经济</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%A5%E4%BC%A6%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9A%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E" title="哥伦比亚经济">哥伦比亚经济</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%9A%E6%9E%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E" title="刚果民主共和国经济">刚果民主共和国经济</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="剛果共和國經濟" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Economy of the Republic of the Congo"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%89%9B%E6%9E%9C%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="剛果共和國經濟(页面不存在)">剛果共和國經濟</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo" class="extiw" title="en:Economy of the Republic of the Congo"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Economy of the Republic of the Congo</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%A5%E6%96%AF%E5%A4%A7%E9%BB%8E%E5%8A%A0%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" title="哥斯大黎加經濟">哥斯大黎加經濟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B1%A1%E7%89%99%E6%B5%B7%E5%B2%B8%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" title="象牙海岸經濟">象牙海岸經濟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%B7%B4%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E" title="古巴经济">古巴经济</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="吉布地經濟" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Economy of Djibouti"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%89%E5%B8%83%E5%9C%B0%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="吉布地經濟(页面不存在)">吉布地經濟</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Djibouti" class="extiw" title="en:Economy of Djibouti"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Economy of Djibouti</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="多明尼加經濟" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Economy of Dominica"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%BC%E5%8A%A0%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E" title="多米尼加经济">多明尼加經濟</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Dominica" class="extiw" title="en:Economy of Dominica"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Economy of Dominica</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%BC%E5%8A%A0%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E" title="多米尼加经济">多米尼加经济</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="厄瓜多經濟" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Economy of Ecuador"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8E%84%E7%93%9C%E5%A4%9A%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="厄瓜多經濟(页面不存在)">厄瓜多經濟</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Ecuador" class="extiw" title="en:Economy of Ecuador"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Economy of Ecuador</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="埃及經濟" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Economy of Egypt"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%83%E5%8F%8A%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="埃及經濟(页面不存在)">埃及經濟</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Egypt" class="extiw" title="en:Economy of Egypt"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Economy of Egypt</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="薩爾瓦多經濟" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Economy of El Salvador"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%96%A9%E7%88%BE%E7%93%A6%E5%A4%9A%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="薩爾瓦多經濟(页面不存在)">薩爾瓦多經濟</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_El_Salvador" class="extiw" title="en:Economy of El Salvador"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Economy of El Salvador</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B2%E7%93%A6%E5%B8%9D%E5%B0%BC%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" title="史瓦帝尼經濟">史瓦帝尼經濟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%90%E6%BF%9F%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" title="斐濟經濟">斐濟經濟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E8%93%AC%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E" title="加蓬经济">加蓬经济</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="甘比亞經濟" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Economy of the Gambia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%98%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9E%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="甘比亞經濟(页面不存在)">甘比亞經濟</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_the_Gambia" class="extiw" title="en:Economy of the Gambia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Economy of the Gambia</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%AC%E6%B2%BB%E4%BA%9E%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" title="喬治亞經濟">喬治亞經濟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E7%B4%8D%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" title="加納經濟">加納經濟</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="格瑞那達經濟" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Economy of Grenada"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A0%BC%E7%91%9E%E9%82%A3%E9%81%94%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="格瑞那達經濟(页面不存在)">格瑞那達經濟</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Grenada" class="extiw" title="en:Economy of Grenada"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Economy of Grenada</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="瓜地馬拉經濟" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Economy of Guatemala"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%93%9C%E5%9C%B0%E9%A6%AC%E6%8B%89%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="瓜地馬拉經濟(页面不存在)">瓜地馬拉經濟</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Guatemala" class="extiw" title="en:Economy of Guatemala"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Economy of Guatemala</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="幾內亞經濟" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Economy of Guinea"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B9%BE%E5%85%A7%E4%BA%9E%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="幾內亞經濟(页面不存在)">幾內亞經濟</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Guinea" class="extiw" title="en:Economy of Guinea"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Economy of Guinea</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="幾內亞比索經濟" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Economy of Guinea-Bissau"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B9%BE%E5%85%A7%E4%BA%9E%E6%AF%94%E7%B4%A2%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="幾內亞比索經濟(页面不存在)">幾內亞比索經濟</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Guinea-Bissau" class="extiw" title="en:Economy of Guinea-Bissau"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Economy of Guinea-Bissau</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="圭亞那經濟" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Economy of Guyana"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%AD%E4%BA%9E%E9%82%A3%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="圭亞那經濟(页面不存在)">圭亞那經濟</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Guyana" class="extiw" title="en:Economy of Guyana"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Economy of Guyana</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%9C%B0%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E" title="海地经济">海地经济</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="宏都拉斯經濟" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Economy of Honduras"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%8F%E9%83%BD%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宏都拉斯經濟(页面不存在)">宏都拉斯經濟</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Honduras" class="extiw" title="en:Economy of Honduras"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Economy of Honduras</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" title="香港經濟">香港經濟</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E5%B3%B6%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" title="冰島經濟">冰島經濟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E" title="印度经济">印度经济</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%B0%BC%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E" title="印度尼西亚经济">印度尼西亚经济</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" title="以色列經濟">以色列經濟</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="牙買加經濟" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Economy of Jamaica"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%99%E8%B2%B7%E5%8A%A0%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="牙買加經濟(页面不存在)">牙買加經濟</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Jamaica" class="extiw" title="en:Economy of Jamaica"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Economy of Jamaica</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" title="日本經濟">日本經濟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%84%E6%97%A6%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" title="約旦經濟">約旦經濟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E8%90%A8%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E" title="哈萨克斯坦经济">哈萨克斯坦经济</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%82%AF%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" title="肯尼亞經濟">肯尼亞經濟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%93%E5%9C%8B%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" title="韓國經濟">韓國經濟</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="科威特經濟" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Economy of Kuwait"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A7%91%E5%A8%81%E7%89%B9%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="科威特經濟(页面不存在)">科威特經濟</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Kuwait" class="extiw" title="en:Economy of Kuwait"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Economy of Kuwait</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="吉爾吉斯經濟" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Economy of Kyrgyzstan"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%89%E7%88%BE%E5%90%89%E6%96%AF%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="吉爾吉斯經濟(页面不存在)">吉爾吉斯經濟</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Kyrgyzstan" class="extiw" title="en:Economy of Kyrgyzstan"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Economy of Kyrgyzstan</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%81%E6%8C%9D%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E" title="老挝经济">老挝经济</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="賴索托經濟" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Economy of Lesotho"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B3%B4%E7%B4%A2%E6%89%98%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="賴索托經濟(页面不存在)">賴索托經濟</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Lesotho" class="extiw" title="en:Economy of Lesotho"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Economy of Lesotho</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E6%AF%94%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9E%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" title="利比里亞經濟">利比里亞經濟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%97%E6%94%AF%E6%95%A6%E6%96%AF%E7%99%BB%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" title="列支敦斯登經濟">列支敦斯登經濟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E9%96%80%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" title="澳門經濟">澳門經濟</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="馬達加斯加經濟" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Economy of Madagascar"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A6%AC%E9%81%94%E5%8A%A0%E6%96%AF%E5%8A%A0%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="馬達加斯加經濟(页面不存在)">馬達加斯加經濟</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Madagascar" class="extiw" title="en:Economy of Madagascar"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Economy of Madagascar</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="馬拉威經濟" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Economy of Malawi"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A6%AC%E6%8B%89%E5%A8%81%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="馬拉威經濟(页面不存在)">馬拉威經濟</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Malawi" class="extiw" title="en:Economy of Malawi"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Economy of Malawi</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E" title="马来西亚经济">马来西亚经济</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="馬爾地夫經濟" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Economy of the Maldives"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A6%AC%E7%88%BE%E5%9C%B0%E5%A4%AB%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="馬爾地夫經濟(页面不存在)">馬爾地夫經濟</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_the_Maldives" class="extiw" title="en:Economy of the Maldives"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Economy of the Maldives</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="馬裡經濟" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Economy of Mali"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A6%AC%E8%A3%A1%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="馬裡經濟(页面不存在)">馬裡經濟</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Mali" class="extiw" title="en:Economy of Mali"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Economy of Mali</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="茅利塔尼亞經濟" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Economy of Mauritania"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8C%85%E5%88%A9%E5%A1%94%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="茅利塔尼亞經濟(页面不存在)">茅利塔尼亞經濟</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Mauritania" class="extiw" title="en:Economy of Mauritania"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Economy of Mauritania</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="模里西斯經濟" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Economy of Mauritius"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A8%A1%E9%87%8C%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%AF%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="模里西斯經濟(页面不存在)">模里西斯經濟</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Mauritius" class="extiw" title="en:Economy of Mauritius"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Economy of Mauritius</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A2%A8%E8%A5%BF%E5%93%A5%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E" title="墨西哥经济">墨西哥经济</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E7%88%BE%E5%A4%9A%E7%93%A6%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" title="摩爾多瓦經濟">摩爾多瓦經濟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E5%9C%8B%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" title="蒙古國經濟">蒙古國經濟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E5%B1%B1%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" title="黑山經濟">黑山經濟</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="摩洛哥經濟" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Economy of Morocco"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%91%A9%E6%B4%9B%E5%93%A5%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="摩洛哥經濟(页面不存在)">摩洛哥經濟</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Morocco" class="extiw" title="en:Economy of Morocco"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Economy of Morocco</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="莫桑比克經濟" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Economy of Mozambique"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8E%AB%E6%A1%91%E6%AF%94%E5%85%8B%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="莫桑比克經濟(页面不存在)">莫桑比克經濟</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Mozambique" class="extiw" title="en:Economy of Mozambique"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Economy of Mozambique</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="納米比亞經濟" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Economy of Namibia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B4%8D%E7%B1%B3%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9E%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="納米比亞經濟(页面不存在)">納米比亞經濟</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Namibia" class="extiw" title="en:Economy of Namibia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Economy of Namibia</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E6%B3%8A%E7%88%BE%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" title="尼泊爾經濟">尼泊爾經濟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E8%A5%BF%E8%98%AD%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" title="新西蘭經濟">新西蘭經濟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%89%E7%93%9C%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E" title="尼加拉瓜经济">尼加拉瓜经济</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="尼日經濟" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Economy of Niger"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%BC%E6%97%A5%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="尼日經濟(页面不存在)">尼日經濟</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Niger" class="extiw" title="en:Economy of Niger"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Economy of Niger</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E6%97%A5%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E" title="尼日利亚经济">尼日利亚经济</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E9%A6%AC%E5%85%B6%E9%A0%93%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" title="北馬其頓經濟">北馬其頓經濟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" title="挪威經濟">挪威經濟</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="阿曼經濟" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Economy of Oman"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E6%9B%BC%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿曼經濟(页面不存在)">阿曼經濟</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Oman" class="extiw" title="en:Economy of Oman"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Economy of Oman</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%9F%BA%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" title="巴基斯坦經濟">巴基斯坦經濟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%8B%BF%E9%A9%AC%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E" title="巴拿马经济">巴拿马经济</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%B8%83%E4%BA%9E%E7%B4%90%E5%B9%BE%E5%85%A7%E4%BA%9E%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" title="巴布亞紐幾內亞經濟">巴布亞紐幾內亞經濟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%8B%89%E5%9C%AD%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E" title="巴拉圭经济">巴拉圭经济</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%98%E9%B2%81%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E" title="秘鲁经济">秘鲁经济</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%B2%E5%BE%8B%E8%B3%93%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" title="菲律賓經濟">菲律賓經濟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E9%81%94%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" title="卡達經濟">卡達經濟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" title="俄羅斯經濟">俄羅斯經濟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%A7%E6%97%BA%E9%81%94%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" title="盧旺達經濟">盧旺達經濟</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="聖克里斯多福及尼維斯經濟" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Economy of Saint Kitts and Nevis"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%81%96%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E5%A4%9A%E7%A6%8F%E5%8F%8A%E5%B0%BC%E7%B6%AD%E6%96%AF%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="聖克里斯多福及尼維斯經濟(页面不存在)">聖克里斯多福及尼維斯經濟</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" class="extiw" title="en:Economy of Saint Kitts and Nevis"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Economy of Saint Kitts and Nevis</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="聖露西亞經濟" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Economy of Saint Lucia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%81%96%E9%9C%B2%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="聖露西亞經濟(页面不存在)">聖露西亞經濟</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Saint_Lucia" class="extiw" title="en:Economy of Saint Lucia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Economy of Saint Lucia</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="聖文森及格瑞那丁經濟" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Economy of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%81%96%E6%96%87%E6%A3%AE%E5%8F%8A%E6%A0%BC%E7%91%9E%E9%82%A3%E4%B8%81%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="聖文森及格瑞那丁經濟(页面不存在)">聖文森及格瑞那丁經濟</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" class="extiw" title="en:Economy of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Economy of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E6%91%A9%E4%BA%9A%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E" title="萨摩亚经济">萨摩亚经济</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E7%89%B9%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" title="沙特阿拉伯經濟">沙特阿拉伯經濟</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="塞內加爾經濟" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Economy of Senegal"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A1%9E%E5%85%A7%E5%8A%A0%E7%88%BE%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="塞內加爾經濟(页面不存在)">塞內加爾經濟</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Senegal" class="extiw" title="en:Economy of Senegal"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Economy of Senegal</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="塞席爾經濟" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Economy of Seychelles"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A1%9E%E5%B8%AD%E7%88%BE%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="塞席爾經濟(页面不存在)">塞席爾經濟</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Seychelles" class="extiw" title="en:Economy of Seychelles"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Economy of Seychelles</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E6%8B%89%E5%88%A9%E6%98%82%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" title="塞拉利昂經濟">塞拉利昂經濟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%8A%A0%E5%9D%A1%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E" title="新加坡经济">新加坡经济</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="索羅門群島經濟" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Economy of Solomon Islands"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B4%A2%E7%BE%85%E9%96%80%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="索羅門群島經濟(页面不存在)">索羅門群島經濟</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Solomon_Islands" class="extiw" title="en:Economy of Solomon Islands"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Economy of Solomon Islands</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E9%9D%9E%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" title="南非經濟">南非經濟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E9%87%8C%E5%85%B0%E5%8D%A1%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" title="斯里兰卡經濟">斯里兰卡經濟</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="蘇利南經濟" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Economy of Suriname"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%98%87%E5%88%A9%E5%8D%97%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="蘇利南經濟(页面不存在)">蘇利南經濟</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Suriname" class="extiw" title="en:Economy of Suriname"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Economy of Suriname</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%A3%AB%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" title="瑞士經濟">瑞士經濟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E5%90%89%E5%85%8B%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" title="塔吉克經濟">塔吉克經濟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" title="臺灣經濟">臺灣經濟</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9D%A6%E6%A1%91%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E" title="坦桑尼亚经济">坦桑尼亚经济</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E5%9C%8B%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" title="泰國經濟">泰國經濟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E5%93%A5%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E" title="多哥经济">多哥经济</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B9%AF%E5%8A%A0%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" title="湯加經濟">湯加經濟</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="千里達及托巴哥經濟" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Economy of Trinidad and Tobago"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%83%E9%87%8C%E9%81%94%E5%8F%8A%E6%89%98%E5%B7%B4%E5%93%A5%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="千里達及托巴哥經濟(页面不存在)">千里達及托巴哥經濟</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago" class="extiw" title="en:Economy of Trinidad and Tobago"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Economy of Trinidad and Tobago</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="突尼西亞經濟" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Economy of Tunisia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AA%81%E5%B0%BC%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="突尼西亞經濟(页面不存在)">突尼西亞經濟</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Tunisia" class="extiw" title="en:Economy of Tunisia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Economy of Tunisia</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" title="土耳其經濟">土耳其經濟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E5%B9%B2%E9%81%94%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" title="烏干達經濟">烏干達經濟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E5%85%8B%E8%98%AD%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" title="烏克蘭經濟">烏克蘭經濟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E9%85%8B%E9%95%B7%E5%9C%8B%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" title="阿拉伯聯合酋長國經濟">阿拉伯聯合酋長國經濟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E" title="英国经济">英国经济</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" title="美國經濟">美國經濟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E6%8B%89%E5%9C%AD%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" title="烏拉圭經濟">烏拉圭經濟</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="委內瑞拉經濟" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Economy of Venezuela"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A7%94%E5%85%A7%E7%91%9E%E6%8B%89%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="委內瑞拉經濟(页面不存在)">委內瑞拉經濟</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Venezuela" class="extiw" title="en:Economy of Venezuela"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Economy of Venezuela</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" title="越南經濟">越南經濟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%9F%E9%96%80%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" title="也門經濟">也門經濟</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="尚比亞經濟" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Economy of Zambia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%9A%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9E%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="尚比亞經濟(页面不存在)">尚比亞經濟</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Zambia" class="extiw" title="en:Economy of Zambia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Economy of Zambia</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="辛巴威經濟" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Economy of Zimbabwe"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%9B%E5%B7%B4%E5%A8%81%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="辛巴威經濟(页面不存在)">辛巴威經濟</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Zimbabwe" class="extiw" title="en:Economy of Zimbabwe"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Economy of Zimbabwe</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="歐盟經濟" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" title="歐洲聯盟經濟">歐盟經濟</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" title="奧地利經濟">奧地利經濟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E6%97%B6%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E" title="比利时经济">比利时经济</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" title="保加利亞經濟">保加利亞經濟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E7%BE%85%E5%9F%83%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" title="克羅埃西亞經濟">克羅埃西亞經濟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E6%B5%A6%E8%B7%AF%E6%96%AF%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" title="塞浦路斯經濟">塞浦路斯經濟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" title="捷克經濟">捷克經濟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E9%BA%A5%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" title="丹麥經濟">丹麥經濟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9B%E6%B2%99%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" title="愛沙尼亞經濟">愛沙尼亞經濟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%AC%E8%98%AD%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" title="芬蘭經濟">芬蘭經濟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" title="法國經濟">法國經濟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" title="德國經濟">德國經濟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" title="希臘經濟">希臘經濟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%88%E7%89%99%E5%88%A9%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" title="匈牙利經濟">匈牙利經濟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9B%E7%88%BE%E8%98%AD%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" title="愛爾蘭經濟">愛爾蘭經濟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A9%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" title="義大利經濟">義大利經濟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E8%84%AB%E7%B6%AD%E4%BA%9E%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" title="拉脫維亞經濟">拉脫維亞經濟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" title="立陶宛經濟">立陶宛經濟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%A7%E6%A3%AE%E5%A0%A1%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" title="盧森堡經濟">盧森堡經濟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E8%80%B3%E4%BB%96%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" title="馬耳他經濟">馬耳他經濟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E" title="荷兰经济">荷兰经济</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" title="波蘭經濟">波蘭經濟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" title="葡萄牙經濟">葡萄牙經濟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" title="羅馬尼亞經濟">羅馬尼亞經濟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%90%E5%85%8B%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" title="斯洛伐克經濟">斯洛伐克經濟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E7%B6%AD%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" title="斯洛維尼亞經濟">斯洛維尼亞經濟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E" title="西班牙经济">西班牙经济</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%85%B8%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" title="瑞典經濟">瑞典經濟</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background:#CFCFFC;"><div> <ul><li>註1. <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="中华人民共和国">中华人民共和国</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E5%88%AB%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA" title="特别行政区">特别行政区</a>以「<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF" title="香港">中國香港</a>」及「<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E6%BE%B3%E9%96%80" class="mw-redirect" title="中國澳門">中國澳門</a>」身份參加世界貿易組織。</li> <li>註2. <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B" title="中華民國">中華民國</a>的正式會籍为“<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E6%B9%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="台湾">台湾</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%8E%E6%B9%96" class="mw-redirect" title="澎湖">澎湖</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E9%97%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="金门">金门</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E7%A5%96" class="mw-redirect" title="马祖">马祖</a>个别<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B3%E7%A8%8E" title="关税">关税</a>领域”,代表團本身則另以「<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E8%87%BA%E5%8C%97" class="mw-redirect" title="中華臺北">中華臺北</a>」作為稱呼。</li></ul> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem-money.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-money.svg/28px-Emblem-money.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-money.svg/42px-Emblem-money.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-money.svg/56px-Emblem-money.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:经济">經濟主题</a> </p> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="亚太经济合作组织(APEC)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%BA%9A%E6%B4%B2%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E6%B4%8B%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%90%88%E4%BD%9C%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" title="Template:亚洲太平洋经济合作组织"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E4%BA%9A%E6%B4%B2%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E6%B4%8B%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%90%88%E4%BD%9C%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" title="Template talk:亚洲太平洋经济合作组织"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E4%BA%9A%E6%B4%B2%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E6%B4%8B%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%90%88%E4%BD%9C%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:亚洲太平洋经济合作组织"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="亚太经济合作组织(APEC)" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E5%A4%AA%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%90%88%E4%BD%9C%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" title="亚太经济合作组织">亚太经济合作组织</a>(APEC)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">经济体</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">亞洲</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%B6%E8%8E%B1" title="汶莱">文莱达鲁萨兰国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="中华人民共和国">中华人民共和国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF" title="香港">中國香港</a>¹</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%B0%BC%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A" title="印度尼西亚">印度尼西亚</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">日本</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%9F%A9%E6%B0%91%E5%9B%BD" title="大韩民国">大韩民国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A" title="马来西亚">马来西亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%B2%E5%BE%8B%E5%AE%BE" title="菲律宾">菲律宾</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%8A%A0%E5%9D%A1" title="新加坡">新加坡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E5%8F%B0%E5%8C%97" title="中華台北">中華臺北</a>²</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E5%9B%BD" title="泰国">泰国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97" title="越南">越南</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">歐亞</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="俄罗斯">俄罗斯</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">大洋洲</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" title="澳大利亚">澳大利亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E8%A5%BF%E5%85%B0" title="新西兰">紐西蘭</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%B8%83%E4%BA%9A%E6%96%B0%E5%87%A0%E5%86%85%E4%BA%9A" title="巴布亚新几内亚">巴布亞紐幾內亞</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">美洲</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7" title="加拿大">加拿大</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%BA%E5%88%A9" title="智利">智利</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A2%A8%E8%A5%BF%E5%93%A5" title="墨西哥">墨西哥</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%98%E9%B2%81" title="秘鲁">秘鲁</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD" title="美国">美国</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">峰会</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1989%E5%B9%B4%E6%BE%B3%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9EAPEC%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0" title="1989年澳大利亞APEC會議">1989</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1990%E5%B9%B4%E6%96%B0%E5%8A%A0%E5%9D%A1APEC%E5%B3%B0%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1990年新加坡APEC峰會(页面不存在)">1990</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1991%E5%B9%B4%E9%9F%93%E5%9C%8BAPEC%E5%B3%B0%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1991年韓國APEC峰會(页面不存在)">1991</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1992%E5%B9%B4%E6%B3%B0%E5%9C%8BAPEC%E5%B3%B0%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1992年泰國APEC峰會(页面不存在)">1992</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1993%E5%B9%B4%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8BAPEC%E5%B3%B0%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1993年美國APEC峰會(页面不存在)">1993</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="1994年印度尼西亞APEC峰會" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="APEC Indonesia 1994"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1994%E5%B9%B4%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%B0%BC%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9EAPEC%E5%B3%B0%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1994年印度尼西亞APEC峰會(页面不存在)">1994</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/APEC_Indonesia_1994" class="extiw" title="en:APEC Indonesia 1994"><span lang="en" dir="auto">APEC Indonesia 1994</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="1995年日本APEC峰會" data-lang-code="ru" data-lang-name="俄语" data-foreign-title="Саммит АТЭС 1995"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1995%E5%B9%B4%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%ACAPEC%E5%B3%B0%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1995年日本APEC峰會(页面不存在)">1995</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">俄语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82_%D0%90%D0%A2%D0%AD%D0%A1_1995" class="extiw" title="ru:Саммит АТЭС 1995"><span lang="ru" dir="auto">Саммит АТЭС 1995</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996%E5%B9%B4%E8%8F%B2%E5%BE%8B%E8%B3%93APEC%E5%B3%B0%E6%9C%83" title="1996年菲律賓APEC峰會">1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997%E5%B9%B4%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7APEC%E5%B3%B0%E6%9C%83" title="1997年加拿大APEC峰會">1997</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1998%E5%B9%B4%E9%A6%AC%E4%BE%86%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9EAPEC%E5%B3%B0%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1998年馬來西亞APEC峰會(页面不存在)">1998</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1999%E5%B9%B4%E7%B4%90%E8%A5%BF%E8%98%ADAPEC%E5%B3%B0%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1999年紐西蘭APEC峰會(页面不存在)">1999</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2000%E5%B9%B4%E6%B1%B6%E8%90%8AAPEC%E5%B3%B0%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2000年汶萊APEC峰會(页面不存在)">2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E5%A4%AA%E7%BB%8F%E5%90%88%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87%E7%AC%AC%E4%B9%9D%E6%AC%A1%E9%A2%86%E5%AF%BC%E4%BA%BA%E9%9D%9E%E6%AD%A3%E5%BC%8F%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE" title="亚太经合组织第九次领导人非正式会议">2001</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="2002年墨西哥APEC峰會" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="APEC Mexico 2002"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=2002%E5%B9%B4%E5%A2%A8%E8%A5%BF%E5%93%A5APEC%E5%B3%B0%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2002年墨西哥APEC峰會(页面不存在)">2002</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/APEC_Mexico_2002" class="extiw" title="en:APEC Mexico 2002"><span lang="en" dir="auto">APEC Mexico 2002</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="2003年泰國APEC峰會" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="APEC Thailand 2003"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=2003%E5%B9%B4%E6%B3%B0%E5%9C%8BAPEC%E5%B3%B0%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2003年泰國APEC峰會(页面不存在)">2003</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/APEC_Thailand_2003" class="extiw" title="en:APEC Thailand 2003"><span lang="en" dir="auto">APEC Thailand 2003</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004%E5%B9%B4%E6%99%BA%E5%88%A9APEC%E5%B3%B0%E6%9C%83" title="2004年智利APEC峰會">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005%E5%B9%B4%E9%9F%93%E5%9C%8BAPEC%E5%B3%B0%E6%9C%83" title="2005年韓國APEC峰會">2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006%E5%B9%B4%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97APEC%E5%B3%B0%E6%9C%83" title="2006年越南APEC峰會">2006</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="2007年澳大利亞APEC峰會" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="APEC Australia 2007"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=2007%E5%B9%B4%E6%BE%B3%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9EAPEC%E5%B3%B0%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2007年澳大利亞APEC峰會(页面不存在)">2007</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/APEC_Australia_2007" class="extiw" title="en:APEC Australia 2007"><span lang="en" dir="auto">APEC Australia 2007</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="2008年秘魯APEC峰會" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="APEC Peru 2008"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=2008%E5%B9%B4%E7%A7%98%E9%AD%AFAPEC%E5%B3%B0%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2008年秘魯APEC峰會(页面不存在)">2008</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/APEC_Peru_2008" class="extiw" title="en:APEC Peru 2008"><span lang="en" dir="auto">APEC Peru 2008</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="2009年新加坡APEC峰會" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="APEC Singapore 2009"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=2009%E5%B9%B4%E6%96%B0%E5%8A%A0%E5%9D%A1APEC%E5%B3%B0%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2009年新加坡APEC峰會(页面不存在)">2009</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/APEC_Singapore_2009" class="extiw" title="en:APEC Singapore 2009"><span lang="en" dir="auto">APEC Singapore 2009</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010%E5%B9%B4%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%ACAPEC%E5%B3%B0%E6%9C%83" title="2010年日本APEC峰會">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011%E5%B9%B4%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8BAPEC%E5%B3%B0%E6%9C%83" title="2011年美國APEC峰會">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012%E5%B9%B4%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AFAPEC%E5%B3%B0%E6%9C%83" title="2012年俄羅斯APEC峰會">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013%E5%B9%B4%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%B0%BC%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9AAPEC%E5%B3%B0%E4%BC%9A" title="2013年印度尼西亚APEC峰会">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014%E5%B9%B4%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BDAPEC%E5%B3%B0%E4%BC%9A" title="2014年中国APEC峰会">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015%E5%B9%B4%E8%8F%B2%E5%BE%8B%E5%AE%BEAPEC%E5%B3%B0%E4%BC%9A" title="2015年菲律宾APEC峰会">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016%E5%B9%B4%E7%A7%98%E9%B2%81APEC%E5%B3%B0%E4%BC%9A" title="2016年秘鲁APEC峰会">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017%E5%B9%B4%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97APEC%E5%B3%B0%E6%9C%83" title="2017年越南APEC峰會">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018%E5%B9%B4%E5%B7%B4%E5%B8%83%E4%BA%9A%E6%96%B0%E5%87%A0%E5%86%85%E4%BA%9AAPEC%E5%B3%B0%E4%BC%9A" title="2018年巴布亚新几内亚APEC峰会">2018</a></li> <li><s><a href="/wiki/2019%E5%B9%B4%E6%99%BA%E5%88%A9APEC%E5%B3%B0%E6%9C%83" title="2019年智利APEC峰會">2019</a></s></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="2020年馬來西亞APEC峰會" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="APEC Malaysia 2020"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=2020%E5%B9%B4%E9%A6%AC%E4%BE%86%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9EAPEC%E5%B3%B0%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2020年馬來西亞APEC峰會(页面不存在)">2020</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/APEC_Malaysia_2020" class="extiw" title="en:APEC Malaysia 2020"><span lang="en" dir="auto">APEC Malaysia 2020</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="2021年新西兰APEC峰会" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="APEC New Zealand 2021"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=2021%E5%B9%B4%E6%96%B0%E8%A5%BF%E5%85%B0APEC%E5%B3%B0%E4%BC%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2021年新西兰APEC峰会(页面不存在)">2021</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/APEC_New_Zealand_2021" class="extiw" title="en:APEC New Zealand 2021"><span lang="en" dir="auto">APEC New Zealand 2021</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022%E5%B9%B4%E6%B3%B0%E5%9C%8BAPEC%E5%B3%B0%E6%9C%83" title="2022年泰國APEC峰會">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023%E5%B9%B4%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8BAPEC%E5%B3%B0%E6%9C%83" title="2023年美國APEC峰會">2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024%E5%B9%B4%E7%A7%98%E9%AD%AFAPEC%E5%B3%B0%E6%9C%83" title="2024年秘魯APEC峰會">2024</a></li> <li><i><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="2025年韩国APEC峰会" data-lang-code="ko" data-lang-name="朝鲜语" data-foreign-title="2025년 경주 APEC 정상회의"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=2025%E5%B9%B4%E9%9F%A9%E5%9B%BDAPEC%E5%B3%B0%E4%BC%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2025年韩国APEC峰会(页面不存在)">2025</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">朝鲜语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025%EB%85%84_%EA%B2%BD%EC%A3%BC_APEC_%EC%A0%95%EC%83%81%ED%9A%8C%EC%9D%98" class="extiw" title="ko:2025년 경주 APEC 정상회의"><span lang="ko" dir="auto">2025년 경주 APEC 정상회의</span></a></span>)</span></span></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=2026%E5%B9%B4%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BDAPEC%E5%B3%B0%E4%BC%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2026年中国APEC峰会(页面不存在)">2026</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=2027%E5%B9%B4%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97APEC%E5%B3%B0%E4%BC%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2027年越南APEC峰会(页面不存在)">2027</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其他</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E5%A4%AA%E7%B6%93%E5%90%88%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94%E5%95%86%E5%8B%99%E6%97%85%E9%81%8A%E8%AD%89" title="亞太經合組織商務旅遊證">亞太經合組織商務旅遊證</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="APEC藍" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="APEC blue"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=APEC%E8%97%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="APEC藍(页面不存在)">APEC藍</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/APEC_blue" class="extiw" title="en:APEC blue"><span lang="en" dir="auto">APEC blue</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="APEC气候中心" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="APEC Climate Center"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=APEC%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="APEC气候中心(页面不存在)">APEC气候中心</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/APEC_Climate_Center" class="extiw" title="en:APEC Climate Center"><span lang="en" dir="auto">APEC Climate Center</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/APEC%E9%9B%95%E5%A1%91%E5%9B%AD" title="APEC雕塑园">APEC雕塑园</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/APEC%E9%9D%92%E5%B9%B4%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8%E7%AF%80" title="APEC青年科學節">APEC青年科学节</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><small>1. 香港最初是以「<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF" title="香港">香港</a>(Hong Kong)」名义加入,直至1997年7月1日<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E5%9B%9E%E6%AD%B8" title="香港回歸">香港主權移交</a>後改用「中國香港(Hong Kong, China)」<br />2. <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B" title="中華民國">中華民國</a>以「<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E5%8F%B0%E5%8C%97" title="中華台北">中華臺北</a>(Chinese Taipei)」名义加入</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="经济合作与发展组织(OECD)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="3"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%90%88%E4%BD%9C%E4%B8%8E%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" title="Template:经济合作与发展组织"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%90%88%E4%BD%9C%E4%B8%8E%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" title="Template talk:经济合作与发展组织"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%90%88%E4%BD%9C%E4%B8%8E%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:经济合作与发展组织"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="经济合作与发展组织(OECD)" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%90%88%E4%BD%9C%E4%B8%8E%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" title="经济合作与发展组织">经济合作与发展组织</a>(OECD)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">成员国</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" title="澳大利亚">澳大利亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9" title="奥地利">奥地利</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E6%97%B6" title="比利时">比利时</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7" title="加拿大">加拿大</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%BA%E5%88%A9" title="智利">智利</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%A5%E4%BC%A6%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9A" title="哥伦比亚">哥伦比亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%A5%E6%96%AF%E8%BE%BE%E9%BB%8E%E5%8A%A0" title="哥斯达黎加">哥斯达黎加</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B" title="捷克">捷克</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E9%BA%A6" title="丹麦">丹麦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E6%B2%99%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="爱沙尼亚">爱沙尼亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%AC%E5%85%B0" title="芬兰">芬兰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD" title="法国">法国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD" title="德国">德国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98" class="mw-redirect" title="希臘">希臘</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%88%E7%89%99%E5%88%A9" title="匈牙利">匈牙利</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E5%B2%9B" title="冰岛">冰岛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97" title="以色列">以色列</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E5%B0%94%E5%85%B0" title="爱尔兰">爱尔兰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9" title="意大利">意大利</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">日本</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%9F%A9%E6%B0%91%E5%9B%BD" title="大韩民国">南韓</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E8%84%AB%E7%B6%AD%E4%BA%9E" title="拉脫維亞">拉脫維亞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B" title="立陶宛">立陶宛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E6%A3%AE%E5%A0%A1" title="卢森堡">卢森堡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A2%A8%E8%A5%BF%E5%93%A5" title="墨西哥">墨西哥</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0" title="荷兰">荷兰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E8%A5%BF%E5%85%B0" title="新西兰">新西兰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81" title="挪威">挪威</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0" title="波兰">波兰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99" title="葡萄牙">葡萄牙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%90%E5%85%8B" title="斯洛伐克">斯洛伐克</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E6%96%87%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="斯洛文尼亚">斯洛文尼亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99" title="西班牙">西班牙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%85%B8" title="瑞典">瑞典</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%A3%AB" title="瑞士">瑞士</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6" title="土耳其">土耳其</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD" title="英国">英国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD" title="美国">美国</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:OECD_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/OECD_logo.svg/120px-OECD_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/OECD_logo.svg/180px-OECD_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/OECD_logo.svg/240px-OECD_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="51" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">候選成員</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><s><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="俄罗斯">俄罗斯</a></s></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%A5%E4%BC%A6%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9A" title="哥伦比亚">哥伦比亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%A5%E6%96%AF%E8%BE%BE%E9%BB%8E%E5%8A%A0" title="哥斯达黎加">哥斯达黎加</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B" title="立陶宛">立陶宛</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">委員會觀察員或參與者</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF" title="香港">香港</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E8%87%BA%E5%8C%97" class="mw-redirect" title="中華臺北">中華臺北</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%8A%A0%E5%9D%A1" title="新加坡">新加坡</a></li> <li>等25個國家或地區</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A" title="欧洲联盟委员会">歐盟委員會</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">強化合作夥伴</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF" title="巴西">巴西</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="中华人民共和国">中国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6" title="印度">印度</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%B0%BC%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A" title="印度尼西亚">印度尼西亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E9%9D%9E" title="南非">南非</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>刪除線代表經合組織終結俄羅斯的入會進程</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="class=notpageimage&#124;22x20px&#124;border_&#124;alt=联合国&#124;link=联合国_联合国安全理事会" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E7%90%86%E4%BA%8B%E4%BC%9A" title="Template:联合国安全理事会"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E7%90%86%E4%BA%8B%E4%BC%9A" title="Template talk:联合国安全理事会"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E7%90%86%E4%BA%8B%E4%BC%9A" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:联合国安全理事会"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="class=notpageimage&#124;22x20px&#124;border_&#124;alt=联合国&#124;link=联合国_联合国安全理事会" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD" title="联合国"><img alt="联合国" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E7%90%86%E4%BA%8B%E4%BC%9A" title="联合国安全理事会">联合国安全理事会</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">权力</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E5%9C%8B%E6%86%B2%E7%AB%A0#第五章_安全理事會" class="extiw" title="s:聯合國憲章">聯合國憲章第五章</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E5%9C%8B%E6%86%B2%E7%AB%A0#第七章_對於和平之威脅和平之破壞及侵略行為之應付辦法" class="extiw" title="s:聯合國憲章">聯合國憲章第七章</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E7%90%86%E4%BA%8B%E6%9C%83%E5%90%A6%E6%B1%BA%E6%AC%8A" title="聯合國安全理事會否決權">否決權</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E7%90%86%E4%BA%8B%E4%BC%9A%E5%86%B3%E8%AE%AE" title="联合国安全理事会决议">决议</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E7%90%86%E4%BA%8B%E4%BC%9A%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9" title="联合国安全理事会改革">改革</a> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF" title="巴西"><img alt="巴西" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/44px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a></span></span><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD" title="德国"><img alt="德国" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/22px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/33px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/44px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6" title="印度"><img alt="印度" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/22px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/33px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/44px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本"><img alt="日本" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E5%9C%8B%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F" title="四國聯盟">四國聯盟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%98%E7%B5%90%E8%AC%80%E5%85%B1%E8%AD%98" title="團結謀共識">團結謀共識</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">组织结构</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="联合国军事观察员" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="United Nations Military Observer"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD%E5%86%9B%E4%BA%8B%E8%A7%82%E5%AF%9F%E5%91%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="联合国军事观察员(页面不存在)">军事观察员</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Military_Observer" class="extiw" title="en:United Nations Military Observer"><span lang="en" dir="auto">United Nations Military Observer</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="联合国建设和平委员会" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Peacebuilding Commission"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD%E5%BB%BA%E8%AE%BE%E5%92%8C%E5%B9%B3%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="联合国建设和平委员会(页面不存在)">建设和平委员会</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peacebuilding_Commission" class="extiw" title="en:Peacebuilding Commission"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Peacebuilding Commission</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="联合国安全理事会反恐怖主义委员会" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="United Nations Security Council Counter-Terrorism Committee"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E7%90%86%E4%BA%8B%E4%BC%9A%E5%8F%8D%E6%81%90%E6%80%96%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="联合国安全理事会反恐怖主义委员会(页面不存在)">反恐怖主义委员会</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Counter-Terrorism_Committee" class="extiw" title="en:United Nations Security Council Counter-Terrorism Committee"><span lang="en" dir="auto">United Nations Security Council Counter-Terrorism Committee</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="联合国维和行动历史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of United Nations peacekeeping"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD%E7%BB%B4%E5%92%8C%E8%A1%8C%E5%8A%A8%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="联合国维和行动历史(页面不存在)">维和行动</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_United_Nations_peacekeeping" class="extiw" title="en:History of United Nations peacekeeping"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of United Nations peacekeeping</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">行動</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD%E5%86%9B" title="联合国军">联合国军</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E5%8D%8A%E5%B3%B6%E8%A1%9D%E7%AA%81" title="朝鮮半島衝突">朝鮮半島衝突</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%A2%E5%A4%8D%E5%B8%8C%E6%9C%9B%E8%A1%8C%E5%8A%A8" title="恢复希望行动">恢复希望行动</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E7%90%86%E4%BA%8B%E4%BC%9A%E5%B8%B8%E4%BB%BB%E7%90%86%E4%BA%8B%E5%9B%BD" title="联合国安全理事会常任理事国">常任理事国</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E7%90%86%E4%BA%8B%E6%9C%83%E5%90%A6%E6%B1%BA%E6%AC%8A" title="聯合國安全理事會否決權">否決權</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="*class=notpageimage&#124;22x20px&#124;border_&#124;alt=美国&#124;link=美国class=notpageimage&#124;22x20px&#124;border_&#124;alt=苏联&#124;link=苏联class=notpageimage&#124;22x20px&#124;border_&#124;alt=英国&#124;link=英国_雅尔塔会议_*class=notpageimage&#124;22x20px&#124;border_&#124;alt=中華民國&#124;link=中華民國_→_class=notpageimage&#124;22x20px&#124;border_&#124;alt=中华人民共和国&#124;link=中华人民共和国_中国代表权变更_*class=notpageimage&#124;22x20px&#124;border_&#124;alt=苏联&#124;link=苏联_→_class=notpageimage&#124;22x20px&#124;border_&#124;alt=俄罗斯&#124;link=俄罗斯_苏联解体_*联合国改革"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD" title="美国"><img alt="美国" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94" title="苏联"><img alt="苏联" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD" title="英国"><img alt="英国" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E5%B0%94%E5%A1%94%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE" title="雅尔塔会议">雅尔塔会议</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B" title="中華民國"><img alt="中華民國" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> → <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="中华人民共和国"><img alt="中华人民共和国" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E5%9C%8B%E5%A4%A7%E6%9C%83%E7%AC%AC2758%E8%99%9F%E6%B1%BA%E8%AD%B0" title="聯合國大會第2758號決議">中国代表权变更</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94" title="苏联"><img alt="苏联" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> → <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="俄罗斯"><img alt="俄罗斯" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E8%A7%A3%E4%BD%93" title="苏联解体">苏联解体</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9" title="联合国改革">联合国改革</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1945年-1946年<br />(创始国)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD" title="美国"><img alt="美国" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD" title="美国">美利坚合众国</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94" title="苏联"><img alt="苏联" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94" title="苏联">苏维埃社会主义共和国联盟</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD" title="英国"><img alt="英国" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD" title="英国">大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B" title="中華民國"><img alt="中華民國" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E6%B0%91%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="中华民国">中华民国</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B" title="法國"><img alt="法國" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/22px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/33px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/44px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E8%A5%BF%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E4%B8%B4%E6%97%B6%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="法兰西共和国临时政府">法兰西共和国临时政府</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1946年-1958年</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD" title="美国"><img alt="美国" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD" title="美国">美利坚合众国</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94" title="苏联"><img alt="苏联" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94" title="苏联">苏维埃社会主义共和国联盟</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD" title="英国"><img alt="英国" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD" title="英国">大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B" title="中華民國"><img alt="中華民國" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E6%B0%91%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="中华民国">中华民国</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B" title="法國"><img alt="法國" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/22px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/33px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/44px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E8%A5%BF%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="法兰西第四共和国">法兰西第四共和国</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1958年-1971年</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD" title="美国"><img alt="美国" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD" title="美国">美利坚合众国</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94" title="苏联"><img alt="苏联" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94" title="苏联">苏维埃社会主义共和国联盟</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD" title="英国"><img alt="英国" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD" title="英国">大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B" title="中華民國"><img alt="中華民國" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E6%B0%91%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="中华民国">中华民国</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B" title="法國"><img alt="法國" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/22px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/33px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/44px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD" title="法国">法兰西共和国</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1971年-1991年</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD" title="美国"><img alt="美国" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD" title="美国">美利坚合众国</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94" title="苏联"><img alt="苏联" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94" title="苏联">苏维埃社会主义共和国联盟</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD" title="英国"><img alt="英国" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD" title="英国">大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="中华人民共和国"><img alt="中华人民共和国" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="中华人民共和国">中华人民共和国</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B" title="法國"><img alt="法國" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/22px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/33px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/44px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD" title="法国">法兰西共和国</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1991年-至今</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD" title="美国"><img alt="美国" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD" title="美国">美利坚合众国</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="俄罗斯"><img alt="俄罗斯" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="俄罗斯">俄罗斯联邦</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD" title="英国"><img alt="英国" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD" title="英国">大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="中华人民共和国"><img alt="中华人民共和国" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="中华人民共和国">中华人民共和国</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B" title="法國"><img alt="法國" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/22px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/33px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/44px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD" title="法国">法兰西共和国</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E7%90%86%E4%BA%8B%E4%BC%9A#非常任理事国" title="联合国安全理事会">非常任理事国</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Template:%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E7%90%86%E4%BA%8B%E6%9C%83%E9%81%B8%E8%88%89" title="Template:聯合國安全理事會選舉">选举</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2023年-2024年</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%84%E7%93%9C%E5%A4%9A%E5%B0%94" title="厄瓜多尔"><img alt="厄瓜多尔" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/22px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/33px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/44px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="960" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%84%E7%93%9C%E5%A4%9A%E5%B0%94" title="厄瓜多尔">厄瓜多尔共和国</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本"><img alt="日本" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">日本国</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E8%80%B3%E4%BB%96" title="马耳他"><img alt="马耳他" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/22px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/33px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/44px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E8%80%B3%E4%BB%96" title="马耳他">马耳他共和国</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/40px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%A3%AB" title="瑞士">瑞士联邦</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2024年-2025年</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%8F%8A%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" title="阿尔及利亚"><img alt="阿尔及利亚" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/22px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/33px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/44px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%8F%8A%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" title="阿尔及利亚">阿尔及利亚民主人民共和国</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%AD%E4%BA%9A%E9%82%A3" title="圭亚那"><img alt="圭亚那" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_Guyana.svg/22px-Flag_of_Guyana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_Guyana.svg/33px-Flag_of_Guyana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_Guyana.svg/44px-Flag_of_Guyana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%AD%E4%BA%9A%E9%82%A3" title="圭亚那">圭亚那合作共和国</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%9F%A9%E6%B0%91%E5%9B%BD" title="大韩民国"><img alt="大韩民国" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/22px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/33px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/44px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%9F%A9%E6%B0%91%E5%9B%BD" title="大韩民国">大韩民国</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E6%8B%89%E5%88%A9%E6%98%82" title="塞拉利昂"><img alt="塞拉利昂" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg/22px-Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg/33px-Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg/44px-Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E6%8B%89%E5%88%A9%E6%98%82" title="塞拉利昂">塞拉利昂共和国</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E6%96%87%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="斯洛文尼亚"><img alt="斯洛文尼亚" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E6%96%87%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="斯洛文尼亚">斯洛文尼亚共和国</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E7%90%86%E4%BA%8B%E4%BC%9A%E5%86%B3%E8%AE%AE" title="联合国安全理事会决议">联合国安全理事会决议</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="环印度洋区域合作联盟(IOR-ARC)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="3"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E7%92%B0%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%B4%8B%E5%8D%80%E5%9F%9F%E5%90%88%E4%BD%9C%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F" title="Template:環印度洋區域合作聯盟"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E7%92%B0%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%B4%8B%E5%8D%80%E5%9F%9F%E5%90%88%E4%BD%9C%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F" title="Template talk:環印度洋區域合作聯盟"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E7%92%B0%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%B4%8B%E5%8D%80%E5%9F%9F%E5%90%88%E4%BD%9C%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:環印度洋區域合作聯盟"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="环印度洋区域合作联盟(IOR-ARC)" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%AF%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%B4%8B%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F" title="环印度洋联盟">环印度洋区域合作联盟</a>(IOR-ARC)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">會員國</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" title="澳大利亚">澳大利亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%9F%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%89%E5%9B%BD" title="孟加拉国">孟加拉国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6" title="印度">印度</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%B0%BC%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A" title="印度尼西亚">印度尼西亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%97" title="伊朗">伊朗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%82%AF%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="肯尼亚">肯尼亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E8%BE%BE%E5%8A%A0%E6%96%AF%E5%8A%A0" title="马达加斯加">马达加斯加</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A" title="马来西亚">马来西亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%9B%E9%87%8C%E6%B1%82%E6%96%AF" title="毛里求斯">毛里求斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E6%A1%91%E6%AF%94%E5%85%8B" title="莫桑比克">莫桑比克</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%9B%BC" title="阿曼">阿曼</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%8A%A0%E5%9D%A1" title="新加坡">新加坡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E9%9D%9E" title="南非">南非</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E9%87%8C%E8%98%AD%E5%8D%A1" title="斯里蘭卡">斯里蘭卡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9D%A6%E6%A1%91%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="坦桑尼亚">坦桑尼亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E5%9B%BD" title="泰国">泰国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E9%85%8B%E9%95%BF%E5%9B%BD" title="阿拉伯联合酋长国">阿拉伯联合酋长国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%9F%E9%97%A8" title="也门">也门</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:IOR-ARC_Map.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/IOR-ARC_Map.PNG/120px-IOR-ARC_Map.PNG" decoding="async" width="120" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/IOR-ARC_Map.PNG/180px-IOR-ARC_Map.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/IOR-ARC_Map.PNG/240px-IOR-ARC_Map.PNG 2x" data-file-width="1357" data-file-height="628" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">觀察員國</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="中华人民共和国">中国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%8F%8A" title="埃及">埃及</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD" title="法国">法国</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">日本</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD" title="英国">英国</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">國際組織觀察員</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8E%AF%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%B4%8B%E6%97%85%E6%B8%B8%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="环印度洋旅游组织(页面不存在)">环印度洋旅游组织</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="印度洋研究组" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Indian Ocean Research Group"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%B4%8B%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E7%BB%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="印度洋研究组(页面不存在)">印度洋研究组</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Ocean_Research_Group" class="extiw" title="en:Indian Ocean Research Group"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Indian Ocean Research Group</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"></div><div 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title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="25px_葡萄牙语国家共同体(CPLP)" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_CPLP.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Flag_CPLP.svg/25px-Flag_CPLP.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Flag_CPLP.svg/38px-Flag_CPLP.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Flag_CPLP.svg/50px-Flag_CPLP.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1052" data-file-height="701" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%85%B1%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%93" title="葡萄牙语国家共同体">葡萄牙语国家共同体(CPLP)</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">成员国</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Angola.svg/22px-Flag_of_Angola.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Angola.svg/33px-Flag_of_Angola.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Angola.svg/44px-Flag_of_Angola.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%93%A5%E6%8B%89" title="安哥拉">安哥拉</a> · <span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/44px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF" title="巴西">巴西</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg/22px-Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg/33px-Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg/44px-Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1020" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E5%BE%97%E8%A7%92" title="佛得角">佛得角</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg/22px-Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg/33px-Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg/44px-Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%A4%E9%81%93%E5%87%A0%E5%86%85%E4%BA%9A" title="赤道几内亚">赤道几内亚</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_East_Timor.svg/22px-Flag_of_East_Timor.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_East_Timor.svg/33px-Flag_of_East_Timor.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_East_Timor.svg/44px-Flag_of_East_Timor.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E5%B8%9D%E6%B1%B6" title="东帝汶">东帝汶</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg/22px-Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg/33px-Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg/44px-Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BE%E5%85%A7%E4%BA%9E%E6%AF%94%E7%B4%A2" title="幾內亞比索">几内亚比绍</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/22px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/33px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/44px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E6%A1%91%E6%AF%94%E5%85%8B" title="莫桑比克">莫桑比克</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/22px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/33px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/44px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99" title="葡萄牙">葡萄牙</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe.svg/22px-Flag_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe.svg/33px-Flag_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe.svg/44px-Flag_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E5%A4%9A%E7%BE%8E%E5%92%8C%E6%99%AE%E6%9E%97%E8%A5%BF%E6%AF%94" title="圣多美和普林西比">聖多美和普林西比</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">观察员国</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E9%B2%81%E5%90%89%E4%BA%9A" title="格鲁吉亚">格鲁吉亚</a> · <span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">日本</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%B3%E7%B1%B3%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9A" title="纳米比亚">纳米比亚</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/22px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/33px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/44px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E5%86%85%E5%8A%A0%E5%B0%94" title="塞内加尔">塞内加尔</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/22px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/33px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/44px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6" title="土耳其">土耳其</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%AA%9E%E7%B3%BB%E5%A5%A7%E6%9E%97%E5%8C%B9%E5%85%8B%E5%A7%94%E5%93%A1%E6%9C%83%E7%B8%BD%E6%9C%83" title="葡語系奧林匹克委員會總會">葡語系奧林匹克委員會總會</a> · <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%AA%9E%E7%B3%BB%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95%E6%9C%83" title="葡語系運動會">葡語系運動會</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="葡萄牙语国家和地区列表">葡萄牙语国家和地区列表</a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r79005747">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79005747"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79005747"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79005747"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="-&#123;zh-cn:规范控制;zh-tw:權威控制;&#125;--&#123;zh-cn:数据库;zh-tw:資料庫&#125;-_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=編輯維基數據鏈接&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;編輯維基數據鏈接" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="-&#123;zh-cn:规范控制;zh-tw:權威控制;&#125;--&#123;zh-cn:数据库;zh-tw:資料庫&#125;-_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=編輯維基數據鏈接&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;編輯維基數據鏈接" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E8%A7%84%E8%8C%83%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6" title="Help:规范控制">规范控制数据库</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17#identifiers" title="編輯維基數據鏈接"><img alt="編輯維基數據鏈接" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">国际</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1204082/">FAST</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000123649740">ISNI</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/159367111">VIAF</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJkT7GyCmyjxytDfqk6Yfq">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">各地</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90706615">挪威</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX450954">西班牙</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb152384465">法国</a></span> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11934253k">2</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11872797r">3</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb152384465">BnF data</a></span> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11934253k">2</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11872797r">3</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981060944951006706">加泰罗尼亚</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4028495-5">德国</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007550240205171">以色列</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Japan"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n78089021">美国</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/53hkj6mp5hgzjd3">瑞典</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00568158">日本</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Japonsko"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge129425&CON_LNG=ENG">捷克</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35242950">澳大利亚</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="일본(국명)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KSH2000014336">韩国</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">地理</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/2db42837-c832-3c27-b4a3-08198f75693c">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">学术</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA04877014?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">艺术家</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kulturnav.org/de944dd7-838e-46d0-a342-bc3edeff8a48">KulturNav</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">人物</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/879221">Trove</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Japan"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.parliament.uk/F5KFVUwG">英国议会</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其他</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/003412">瑞士历史词典</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10035705">NARA</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/02648918X">IdRef</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/japonya">伊斯兰百科全书</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.codfw.main‐849f99967d‐m8bvs Cached time: 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