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class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_bs.wikipedia.org&uselang=bs" class=""><span>Donacije</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Napravi_ra%C4%8Dun&returnto=Rutenij" title="Predlažemo vam da napravite račun i prijavite se; međutim, to nije obavezno" class=""><span>Napravi korisnički račun</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Korisni%C4%8Dka_prijava&returnto=Rutenij" title="Predlažemo vam da se prijavite, iako to nije obavezno [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Prijavi me</span></a> 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decoding=\"async\" width=\"40\" height=\"43\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Wikipedia_Asian_Month_Logo.svg/60px-Wikipedia_Asian_Month_Logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Wikipedia_Asian_Month_Logo.svg/80px-Wikipedia_Asian_Month_Logo.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"512\" data-file-height=\"555\" /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/td\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"mbox-text\"\u003EOd 1. do 30. novembra 2024. učestvujte u projektu \u003Ca href=\"/wiki/Wikipedia:Azijski_mjesec/2024.\" title=\"Wikipedia:Azijski mjesec/2024.\"\u003E\"Azijski mjesec\"\u003C/a\u003E.\u003C/td\u003E\u003C/tr\u003E\u003C/tbody\u003E\u003C/table\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E";}}());</script></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sajt"> <div 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id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Početak</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Historija" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historija"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Historija</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historija-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Osobine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Osobine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Osobine</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Osobine-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Uključi/isključi podsekciju Osobine</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Osobine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fizičke" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fizičke"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Fizičke</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fizičke-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hemijske" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hemijske"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Hemijske</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hemijske-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Izotopi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Izotopi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Izotopi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Izotopi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rasprostranjenost" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rasprostranjenost"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Rasprostranjenost</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rasprostranjenost-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dobijanje" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dobijanje"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Dobijanje</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dobijanje-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Upotreba" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Upotreba"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Upotreba</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Upotreba-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spojevi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spojevi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Spojevi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spojevi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Biološki_značaj" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biološki_značaj"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Biološki značaj</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biološki_značaj-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reference" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reference"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Reference</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reference-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vanjski_linkovi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vanjski_linkovi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Vanjski linkovi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vanjski_linkovi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sadržaj" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Uključi/isključi sadržaj" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Uključi/isključi sadržaj</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Rutenij</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Idi na članak na drugom jeziku. Dostupno na 139 jezika" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-139" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">139 jezika</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutenium" title="Rutenium – afrikans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Rutenium" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%A9%E1%89%B4%E1%8A%92%E1%8B%A8%E1%88%9D" title="ሩቴኒየም – amharski" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሩቴኒየም" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutenio" title="Rutenio – aragonski" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Rutenio" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="dobar članak"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AB%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="روثينيوم – arapski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="روثينيوم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arapski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AB%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="روثينيوم – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="روثينيوم" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AB%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="روثينيوم – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="روثينيوم" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruteniu" title="Ruteniu – asturijski" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Ruteniu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutel" title="Rutel – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Rutel" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutenium" title="Rutenium – azerbejdžanski" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Rutenium" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbejdžanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Рутений – baškirski" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Рутений" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baškirski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruth%C3%A9nium" title="Ruthénium – balinezijski" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Ruthénium" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balinezijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutenyo" title="Rutenyo – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Rutenyo" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B9" title="Рутэній – bjeloruski" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Рутэній" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bjeloruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Рутэн – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Рутэн" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Рутений – bugarski" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Рутений" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bugarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="रुथेनियम – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="रुथेनियम" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE" title="রুথিনিয়াম – bengalski" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রুথিনিয়াম" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%90%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%93%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%98%E0%BC%8B%E0%BC%8D" title="རུ་ཐེ་ནིམ་། – tibetanski" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="རུ་ཐེ་ནིམ་།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruteniom" title="Ruteniom – bretonski" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Ruteniom" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruteni" title="Ruteni – katalonski" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ruteni" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruthenium" title="Ruthenium – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Ruthenium" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutenyo" title="Rutenyo – cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Rutenyo" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%95%D9%88%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%DB%86%D9%85" title="ڕوتینیۆم – centralnokurdski" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڕوتینیۆم" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="centralnokurdski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruteniu" title="Ruteniu – korzikanski" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Ruteniu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="korzikanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruthenium" title="Ruthenium – češki" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ruthenium" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="češki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Рутений – čuvaški" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Рутений" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="čuvaški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwtheniwm" title="Rwtheniwm – velški" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Rwtheniwm" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="velški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruthenium" title="Ruthenium – danski" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ruthenium" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="istaknuti članak"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruthenium" title="Ruthenium – njemački" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ruthenium" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="njemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="istaknuti članak"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B8%CE%AE%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Ρουθήνιο – grčki" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ρουθήνιο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grčki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="dobar članak"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruthenium" title="Ruthenium – engleski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Ruthenium" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutenio" title="Rutenio – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Rutenio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutenio" title="Rutenio – španski" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Rutenio" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruteenium" title="Ruteenium – estonski" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ruteenium" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutenio" title="Rutenio – baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Rutenio" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%85" title="روتنیم – perzijski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="روتنیم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perzijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="preporučen članak"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutenium" title="Rutenium – finski" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Rutenium" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruth%C3%A9nium" title="Ruthénium – francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ruthénium" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruteenium" title="Ruteenium – sjeverni frizijski" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Ruteenium" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="sjeverni frizijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruteni" title="Ruteni – friulijski" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Ruteni" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="friulijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruit%C3%A9iniam" title="Ruitéiniam – irski" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Ruitéiniam" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutenium" title="Rutenium – škotski galski" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Rutenium" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="škotski galski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutenio" title="Rutenio – galicijski" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Rutenio" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%81%E0%AA%A5%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%A8%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%AF%E0%AA%AE" title="રુથેનિયમ – gudžarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="રુથેનિયમ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gudžarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutainium" title="Rutainium – manks" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Rutainium" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruthenium" title="Ruthenium – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Ruthenium" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9D" title="רותניום – hebrejski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רותניום" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="रुथेनियम – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="रुथेनियम" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruthenium" title="Ruthenium – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Ruthenium" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutenij" title="Rutenij – hrvatski" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Rutenij" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="hrvatski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rut%C3%A9nium" title="Ruténium – mađarski" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ruténium" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="mađarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Ռութենիում – armenski" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ռութենիում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruthenium" title="Ruthenium – interlingva" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Ruthenium" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingva" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutenium" title="Rutenium – indonezijski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Rutenium" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutenio" title="Rutenio – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Rutenio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%BAten" title="Rúten – islandski" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Rúten" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutenio" title="Rutenio – italijanski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Rutenio" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italijanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AB%E3%83%86%E3%83%8B%E3%82%A6%E3%83%A0" title="ルテニウム – japanski" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ルテニウム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/rukyjinme" title="rukyjinme – lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="rukyjinme" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rut%C3%A8niyum" title="Rutèniyum – javanski" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Rutèniyum" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%97%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="რუთენიუმი – gruzijski" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="რუთენიუმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruzijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%CA%8At%C9%9Bn%C9%A9y%C9%94m" title="Rʊtɛnɩyɔm – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Rʊtɛnɩyɔm" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Рутений – kazaški" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Рутений" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazaški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%A5%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8D" title="ರುಥೇನಿಯಮ್ – kanada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ರುಥೇನಿಯಮ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kanada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A3%A8%ED%85%8C%EB%8A%84" title="루테늄 – korejski" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="루테늄" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%BBteny%C3%BBm" title="Rûtenyûm – kurdski" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Rûtenyûm" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Рутений – komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Рутений" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutheniom" title="Rutheniom – kornski" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Rutheniom" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="kornski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Рутений – kirgiški" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Рутений" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruthenium" title="Ruthenium – latinski" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ruthenium" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruthenium" title="Ruthenium – luksemburški" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Ruthenium" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luksemburški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruthenium" title="Ruthenium – limburški" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Ruthenium" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutennio" title="Rutennio – ligurski" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Rutennio" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="ligurski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutenio" title="Rutenio – lombardski" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Rutenio" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutenis" title="Rutenis – litvanski" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Rutenis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litvanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rut%C4%93nijs" title="Rutēnijs – latvijski" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Rutēnijs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Рутени – mokša" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Рутени" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="mokša" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Рутениум – makedonski" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Рутениум" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A5%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="റുഥീനിയം – malajalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="റുഥീനിയം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Рутени – mongolski" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Рутени" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%A8%EA%AF%8A%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%8C%EA%AF%9D" title="ꯔꯨꯊꯦꯅꯤꯌꯝ – manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯔꯨꯊꯦꯅꯤꯌꯝ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="रुथेनियम – marati" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="रुथेनियम" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Рутений – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Рутений" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutenium" title="Rutenium – malajski" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Rutenium" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9B%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AE%E1%80%94%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9A%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA" title="ရက်သီနီယမ် – burmanski" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ရက်သီနီယမ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="burmanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="रुथेनियम – nevari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="रुथेनियम" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="nevari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruthenium" title="Ruthenium – nizozemski" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ruthenium" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nizozemski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruthenium" title="Ruthenium – norveški (Nynorsk)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Ruthenium" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norveški (Nynorsk)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruthenium" title="Ruthenium – norveški (Bokmal)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ruthenium" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norveški (Bokmal)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rut%C3%A8ni" title="Rutèni – oksitanski" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Rutèni" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutenii" title="Rutenii – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Rutenii" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Рутений – osetski" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Рутений" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="osetski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%A5%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%AE" title="ਰੂਥੇਨੀਅਮ – pandžapski" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਰੂਥੇਨੀਅਮ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pandžapski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="रुथेनियम – pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="रुथेनियम" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruten" title="Ruten – poljski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ruten" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poljski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruteni" title="Ruteni – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Ruteni" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA%DA%BE%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%85" title="روتھینیم – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="روتھینیم" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA%DB%90%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="روتېنيوم – paštu" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="روتېنيوم" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paštu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rut%C3%AAnio" title="Rutênio – portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Rutênio" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruthinyu" title="Ruthinyu – kečua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Ruthinyu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="kečua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruteniu" title="Ruteniu – rumunski" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ruteniu" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumunski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruteniu" title="Ruteniu – arumunski" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Ruteniu" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="arumunski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Рутений – ruski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Рутений" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="रुथेनियम – sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="रुथेनियम" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rut%C3%A8niu" title="Rutèniu – sardinijski" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Rutèniu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardinijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruteniu" title="Ruteniu – sicilijanski" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Ruteniu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilijanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruthenium" title="Ruthenium – škotski" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Ruthenium" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="škotski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutenijum" title="Rutenijum – srpskohrvatski" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Rutenijum" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="srpskohrvatski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruthenium" title="Ruthenium – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Ruthenium" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rut%C3%A9nium" title="Ruténium – slovački" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Ruténium" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutenij" title="Rutenij – slovenski" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Rutenij" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutheniyaam" title="Rutheniyaam – somalski" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Rutheniyaam" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutheniumi" title="Rutheniumi – albanski" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Rutheniumi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Рутенијум – srpski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Рутенијум" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="srpski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruthenium" title="Ruthenium – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Ruthenium" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutenium" title="Rutenium – švedski" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Rutenium" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="švedski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutheni" title="Rutheni – svahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Rutheni" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="svahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="உருத்தேனியம் – tamilski" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="உருத்தேனியம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Рутений – tadžički" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Рутений" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadžički" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1" title="รูทีเนียม – tajlandski" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="รูทีเนียม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tajlandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutinyo" title="Rutinyo – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Rutinyo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutenyum" title="Rutenyum – turski" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Rutenyum" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Рутений – tatarski" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Рутений" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%87%D8%AA%DB%90%D9%86%D9%89%D9%8A" title="رۇتېنىي – ujgurski" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="رۇتېنىي" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="ujgurski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B9" title="Рутеній – ukrajinski" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Рутеній" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrajinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA%DA%BE%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A6%D9%85" title="روتھینیئم – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="روتھینیئم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruteniy" title="Ruteniy – uzbečki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Ruteniy" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbečki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutenii" title="Rutenii – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Rutenii" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutheni" title="Rutheni – vijetnamski" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Rutheni" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vijetnamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutenyo" title="Rutenyo – varej" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Rutenyo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="varej" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%92%8C" title="钌 – Wu kineski" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="钌" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D2%AF%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D2%AF%D0%BC" title="Рүтениүм – kalmik" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Рүтениүм" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="kalmik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%98%D7%A2%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9D" title="רוטעניום – jidiš" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="רוטעניום" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jidiš" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruthenium" title="Ruthenium – jorubanski" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ruthenium" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="jorubanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%92%8C" title="钌 – kineski" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="钌" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%95" title="釕 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="釕" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruthenium" title="Ruthenium – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Ruthenium" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%95" title="釕 – kantonski" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="釕" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISalanqwali" title="ISalanqwali – zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="ISalanqwali" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1086#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Uredi međujezičke linkove" class="wbc-editpage">Uredi veze</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Imenski prostori"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Rutenij" title="Prikaži stranicu sa sadržajem [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Stranica</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Razgovor:Rutenij" rel="discussion" title="Razgovor o sadržaju [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Razgovor</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Promijeni varijantu jezika" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">bosanski</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Pregledi"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Rutenij"><span>Čitaj</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rutenij&veaction=edit" title="Uredite ovu stranicu [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Uredi</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rutenij&action=edit" title="Uredite izvorni kod ove stranice [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Uredi izvor</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rutenij&action=history" title="Prethodne izmjene ove stranice [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Historija</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Alati" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Alati</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Alati</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">premjesti na bočnu traku</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Radnje </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Rutenij"><span>Čitaj</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rutenij&veaction=edit" title="Uredite ovu stranicu [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Uredi</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rutenij&action=edit" title="Uredite izvorni kod ove stranice [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Uredi izvor</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rutenij&action=history"><span>Historija</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Općenito </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:%C5%A0ta_vodi_ovamo/Rutenij" title="Spisak svih članaka koji su povezani s ovim [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Šta vodi ovamo</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Srodne_izmjene/Rutenij" rel="nofollow" title="Nedavne izmjene na stranicama koje su povezane sa ovom [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Srodne izmjene</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Upload" title="Postavi slike i druge medije [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Postavi datoteku</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Posebne_stranice" title="Spisak svih posebnih stranica [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Posebne stranice</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rutenij&oldid=3542150" title="Trajni link ove verzije stranice"><span>Trajni link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rutenij&action=info" title="Više informacija o ovoj stranici"><span>Informacije o stranici</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Citiraj&page=Rutenij&id=3542150&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informacije kako citirati ovu stranicu"><span>Citiraj ovu stranicu</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Skra%C4%87iva%C4%8D_adresa&url=https%3A%2F%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FRutenij"><span>Skraćeni link</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FRutenij"><span>Preuzmi QR kod</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Štampanje / izvoz </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Kolekcija&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Rutenij"><span>Napravi knjigu</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:DownloadAsPdf&page=Rutenij&action=show-download-screen"><span>Preuzmi kao PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rutenij&printable=yes" title="Verzija ove stranice za štampanje [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Za štampanje</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Na drugim projektima </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ruthenium" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1086" title="Link na povezane podatke spremišnih stavki [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Stavka na Wikipodacima</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Izgled"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Izgled</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">premjesti na bočnu traku</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">S Wikipedije, slobodne enciklopedije</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="bs" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3638947">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data div{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data div{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Rutenij,  <sub><span style="font-size:smaller;">44</span></sub>Ru</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Ruthenium_crystals.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Ruthenium_crystals.jpg/180px-Ruthenium_crystals.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Ruthenium_crystals.jpg/270px-Ruthenium_crystals.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Ruthenium_crystals.jpg/360px-Ruthenium_crystals.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2404" data-file-height="2092" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:LightCoral;">Rutenij u <a href="/wiki/Periodni_sistem_elemenata" title="Periodni sistem elemenata">periodnom sistemu</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="display: inline-block; margin: 0 auto;"> <table class="nogrid" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" style="background-color:transparent; text-align: center; empty-cells: show; border:none"> <tbody><tr> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LimeGreen;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Vodik" title="Vodik"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 1: Vodik (H), Nemetali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td colspan="16"> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightskyBlue;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Helij" title="Helij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 2: Helij (He), Plemeniti plinovi">   </span></a></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:OrangeRed;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Litij" title="Litij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 3: Litij (Li), Alkalni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:DarkOrange;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Berilij" title="Berilij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 4: Berilij (Be), Zemnoalkalni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:Peru;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Bor_(element)" title="Bor (element)"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 5: Bor (B), Polumetali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LimeGreen;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Ugljik" title="Ugljik"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 6: Ugljik (C), Nemetali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LimeGreen;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Du%C5%A1ik" title="Dušik"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 7: Dušik (N), Nemetali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LimeGreen;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Kisik" title="Kisik"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 8: Kisik (O), Nemetali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:Khaki;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Fluor" title="Fluor"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 9: Fluor (F), Halogeni elementi">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightskyBlue;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Neon" title="Neon"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 10: Neon (Ne), Plemeniti plinovi">   </span></a></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:OrangeRed;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Natrij" title="Natrij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 11: Natrij (Na), Alkalni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:DarkOrange;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Magnezij" title="Magnezij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 12: Magnezij (Mg), Zemnoalkalni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:DarkGray;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Aluminij" title="Aluminij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 13: Aluminij (Al), Slabi metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:Peru;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Silicij" title="Silicij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 14: Silicij (Si), Polumetali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LimeGreen;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Fosfor" title="Fosfor"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 15: Fosfor (P), Nemetali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LimeGreen;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Sumpor" title="Sumpor"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 16: Sumpor (S), Nemetali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:Khaki;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Hlor" title="Hlor"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 17: Hlor (Cl), Halogeni elementi">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightskyBlue;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 18: Argon (Ar), Plemeniti plinovi">   </span></a></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:OrangeRed;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Kalij" title="Kalij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 19: Kalij (K), Alkalni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:DarkOrange;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Kalcij" title="Kalcij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 20: Kalcij (Ca), Zemnoalkalni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Skandij" title="Skandij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 21: Skandij (Sc), Prelazni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Titanij" title="Titanij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 22: Titanij (Ti), Prelazni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Vanadij" title="Vanadij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 23: Vanadij (V), Prelazni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Hrom" title="Hrom"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 24: Hrom (Cr), Prelazni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 25: Mangan (Mn), Prelazni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/%C5%BDeljezo" title="Željezo"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 26: Željezo (Fe), Prelazni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Kobalt" title="Kobalt"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 27: Kobalt (Co), Prelazni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Nikl" title="Nikl"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 28: Nikl (Ni), Prelazni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Bakar" title="Bakar"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 29: Bakar (Cu), Prelazni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Cink" title="Cink"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 30: Cink (Zn), Prelazni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:DarkGray;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Galij" title="Galij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 31: Galij (Ga), Slabi metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:Peru;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Germanij" title="Germanij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 32: Germanij (Ge), Polumetali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:Peru;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Arsen" title="Arsen"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 33: Arsen (As), Polumetali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:Peru;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Selen" title="Selen"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 34: Selen (Se), Polumetali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:Khaki;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Brom" title="Brom"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 35: Brom (Br), Halogeni elementi">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightskyBlue;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Kripton" title="Kripton"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 36: Kripton (Kr), Plemeniti plinovi">   </span></a></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:OrangeRed;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Rubidij" title="Rubidij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 37: Rubidij (Rb), Alkalni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:DarkOrange;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Stroncij" title="Stroncij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 38: Stroncij (Sr), Zemnoalkalni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Itrij" title="Itrij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 39: Itrij (Y), Prelazni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Cirkonij" title="Cirkonij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 40: Cirkonij (Zr), Prelazni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Niobij" title="Niobij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 41: Niobij (Nb), Prelazni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Molibden" title="Molibden"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 42: Molibden (Mo), Prelazni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Tehnecij" title="Tehnecij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 43: Tehnecij (Tc), Prelazni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral; border:1px solid black; margin:-1px"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 44: Rutenij (Ru), Prelazni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Rodij" title="Rodij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 45: Rodij (Rh), Prelazni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Paladij" title="Paladij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 46: Paladij (Pd), Prelazni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Srebro" title="Srebro"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 47: Srebro (Ag), Prelazni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Kadmij" title="Kadmij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 48: Kadmij (Cd), Prelazni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:DarkGray;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Indij" title="Indij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 49: Indij (In), Slabi metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:DarkGray;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Kalaj" title="Kalaj"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 50: Kalaj (Sn), Slabi metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:Peru;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Antimon" title="Antimon"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 51: Antimon (Sb), Polumetali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:Peru;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Telur" title="Telur"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 52: Telur (Te), Polumetali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:Khaki;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Jod" title="Jod"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 53: Jod (I), Halogeni elementi">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightskyBlue;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Ksenon" title="Ksenon"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 54: Ksenon (Xe), Plemeniti plinovi">   </span></a></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:OrangeRed;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Cezij" title="Cezij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 55: Cezij (Cs), Alkalni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:DarkOrange;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Barij" title="Barij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 56: Barij (Ba), Zemnoalkalni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td colspan="1"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2;"><a href="/wiki/Lantanoidi" title="Lantanoidi">↓</a></div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Hafnij" title="Hafnij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 72: Hafnij (Hf), Prelazni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Tantal" title="Tantal"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 73: Tantal (Ta), Prelazni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Volfram" title="Volfram"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 74: Volfram (W), Prelazni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Renij" title="Renij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 75: Renij (Re), Prelazni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Osmij" title="Osmij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 76: Osmij (Os), Prelazni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Iridij" title="Iridij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 77: Iridij (Ir), Prelazni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Platina" title="Platina"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 78: Platina (Pt), Prelazni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Zlato" title="Zlato"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 79: Zlato (Au), Prelazni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/%C5%BDiva" title="Živa"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 80: Živa (Hg), Prelazni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:DarkGray;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Talij" title="Talij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 81: Talij (Tl), Slabi metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:DarkGray;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Olovo" title="Olovo"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 82: Olovo (Pb), Slabi metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:DarkGray;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Bizmut" title="Bizmut"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 83: Bizmut (Bi), Slabi metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:DarkGray;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Polonij" title="Polonij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 84: Polonij (Po), Slabi metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:Khaki;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Astat" title="Astat"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 85: Astat (At), Halogeni elementi">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightskyBlue;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Radon" title="Radon"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 86: Radon (Rn), Plemeniti plinovi">   </span></a></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:OrangeRed;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Francij" title="Francij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 87: Francij (Fr), Alkalni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:DarkOrange;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Radij" title="Radij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 88: Radij (Ra), Zemnoalkalni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td colspan="1"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2;"><a href="/wiki/Aktinoidi" title="Aktinoidi"><small>↓</small></a></div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Raderfordij" title="Raderfordij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 104: Raderfordij (Rf), Prelazni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Dubnij" title="Dubnij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 105: Dubnij (Db), Prelazni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Siborgij" title="Siborgij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 106: Siborgij (Sg), Prelazni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Borij" title="Borij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 107: Borij (Bh), Prelazni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Hasij" title="Hasij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 108: Hasij (Hs), Prelazni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Majtnerij" title="Majtnerij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 109: Majtnerij (Mt), Prelazni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Darm%C5%A1tatij" title="Darmštatij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 110: Darmštatij (Ds), Prelazni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Rendgenij" title="Rendgenij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 111: Rendgenij (Rg), Prelazni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Kopernicij" title="Kopernicij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 112: Kopernicij (Cn), Prelazni metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:DarkGray;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Nihonij" title="Nihonij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 113: Nihonij (Nh), Slabi metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:DarkGray;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Flerovij" title="Flerovij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 114: Flerovij (Fl), Slabi metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:DarkGray;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Moskovij" title="Moskovij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 115: Moskovij (Mc), Slabi metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:DarkGray;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Livermorij" title="Livermorij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 116: Livermorij (Lv), Slabi metali">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:Gainsboro;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Tenesin" title="Tenesin"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 117: Tenesin (Ts)">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:LightskyBlue;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Oganeson" title="Oganeson"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 118: Oganeson (Og), Plemeniti plinovi">   </span></a></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="1"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:14px; z-index:2;"><a href="/wiki/Lantanoidi" title="Lantanoidi"><small>→</small></a></div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Lantan" title="Lantan"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 57: Lantan (La), Lantanoidi">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Cerij" title="Cerij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 58: Cerij (Ce), Lantanoidi">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Prazeodij" title="Prazeodij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 59: Prazeodij (Pr), Lantanoidi">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Neodij" title="Neodij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 60: Neodij (Nd), Lantanoidi">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Prometij" title="Prometij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 61: Prometij (Pm), Lantanoidi">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Samarij" title="Samarij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 62: Samarij (Sm), Lantanoidi">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Europij" title="Europij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 63: Europij (Eu), Lantanoidi">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Gadolinij" title="Gadolinij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 64: Gadolinij (Gd), Lantanoidi">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Terbij" title="Terbij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 65: Terbij (Tb), Lantanoidi">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Disprozij" title="Disprozij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 66: Disprozij (Dy), Lantanoidi">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Holmij" title="Holmij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 67: Holmij (Ho), Lantanoidi">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Erbij" title="Erbij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 68: Erbij (Er), Lantanoidi">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Tulij" title="Tulij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 69: Tulij (Tm), Lantanoidi">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Iterbij" title="Iterbij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 70: Iterbij (Yb), Lantanoidi">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Lutecij" title="Lutecij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 71: Lutecij (Lu), Lantanoidi">   </span></a></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="1"><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2;"><a href="/wiki/Aktinoidi" title="Aktinoidi"><small>→</small></a></div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Aktinij" title="Aktinij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 89: Aktinij (Ac), Aktinoidi">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Torij" title="Torij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 90: Torij (Th), Aktinoidi">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Protaktinij" title="Protaktinij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 91: Protaktinij (Pa), Aktinoidi">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Uranij" title="Uranij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 92: Uranij (U), Aktinoidi">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Neptunij" title="Neptunij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 93: Neptunij (Np), Aktinoidi">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Plutonij" title="Plutonij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 94: Plutonij (Pu), Aktinoidi">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Americij" title="Americij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 95: Americij (Am), Aktinoidi">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Kirij" title="Kirij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 96: Kirij (Cm), Aktinoidi">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Berkelij" title="Berkelij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 97: Berkelij (Bk), Aktinoidi">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Kalifornij" title="Kalifornij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 98: Kalifornij (Cf), Aktinoidi">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Ajn%C5%A1tajnij" title="Ajnštajnij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 99: Ajnštajnij (Es), Aktinoidi">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Fermij" title="Fermij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 100: Fermij (Fm), Aktinoidi">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Mendelevij" title="Mendelevij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 101: Mendelevij (Md), Aktinoidi">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Nobelij" title="Nobelij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 102: Nobelij (No), Aktinoidi">   </span></a></div> </div> </td> <td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:12px; height:15px; z-index:2; background-color:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0; z-index:3"><a href="/wiki/Lorensij" title="Lorensij"><span style="float:left; width:12px; height:15px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 103: Lorensij (Lr), Aktinoidi">   </span></a></div> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Hemijski_element" title="Hemijski element">Hemijski element</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hemijski_simbol" title="Hemijski simbol">Simbol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Atomski_broj" title="Atomski broj">Atomski broj</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Rutenij, Ru, 44</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Hemijska_serija" title="Hemijska serija">Serija</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Prelazni_metal" title="Prelazni metal">Prelazni metali</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Grupa_periodnog_sistema_elemenata" title="Grupa periodnog sistema elemenata">Grupa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Perioda_periodnog_sistema_elemenata" title="Perioda periodnog sistema elemenata">Perioda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blok_periodnog_sistema_elemenata" title="Blok periodnog sistema elemenata">Blok</a></th><td class="infobox-data">8, 5, <a href="/wiki/Blok_periodnog_sistema_elemenata" title="Blok periodnog sistema elemenata">d</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Izgled</th><td class="infobox-data">srebreno bijeli metal</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/CAS_registarski_broj" title="CAS registarski broj">CAS registarski broj</a></th><td class="infobox-data">7440-18-8</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Zastupljenost</th><td class="infobox-data">0,000002<sup id="cite_ref-harry_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-harry-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> %</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:LightCoral;">Atomske osobine</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Atomska_masa" title="Atomska masa">Atomska masa</a></th><td class="infobox-data">101,07<sup id="cite_ref-CIAAW_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIAAW-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Jedinica_atomske_mase" title="Jedinica atomske mase">u</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Atomski_radijus" title="Atomski radijus">Atomski radijus</a> (izračunat)</th><td class="infobox-data">130 (178) pm</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Kovalentni radijus</th><td class="infobox-data">146 pm</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Van_der_Waalsov_radijus" title="Van der Waalsov radijus">Van der Waalsov radijus</a></th><td class="infobox-data">pm</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Elektronska_konfiguracija" title="Elektronska konfiguracija">Elektronska konfiguracija</a></th><td class="infobox-data">[<a href="/wiki/Kripton" title="Kripton">Kr</a>] 4d<sup>7</sup>5s<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Elektron" title="Elektron">Broj elektrona</a> u <a href="/wiki/Energetski_nivo" title="Energetski nivo">energetskom nivou</a></th><td class="infobox-data">2, 8, 18, 15, 1</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">1. energija ionizacije</th><td class="infobox-data">710,2 kJ/mol</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">2. energija ionizacije</th><td class="infobox-data">1620 kJ/mol</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">3. energija ionizacije</th><td class="infobox-data">2747 kJ/mol</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:LightCoral;">Fizikalne osobine</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Agregatno_stanje" title="Agregatno stanje">Agregatno stanje</a></th><td class="infobox-data">čvrsto</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Mohsova_skala_tvrdo%C4%87e" title="Mohsova skala tvrdoće">Mohsova skala tvrdoće</a></th><td class="infobox-data">6,5</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Kristalna_struktura" title="Kristalna struktura">Kristalna struktura</a></th><td class="infobox-data">heksagonalna</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gusto%C4%87a" title="Gustoća">Gustoća</a></th><td class="infobox-data">12370 kg/m<sup>3</sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Magnetizam" title="Magnetizam">Magnetizam</a></th><td class="infobox-data">paramagnetičan (<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \chi _{m}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>χ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>m</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \chi _{m}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/028c3f2da9e3c445be4515565e4c8954d19ea960" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:3.13ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \chi _{m}}"></span> = 6,6 · 10<sup>−5</sup>)<sup id="cite_ref-weast_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-weast-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Tali%C5%A1te" title="Talište">Tačka topljenja</a></th><td class="infobox-data">2607 K (2334 <a href="/wiki/Stepen_Celzija" class="mw-redirect" title="Stepen Celzija">°C</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ta%C4%8Dka_klju%C4%8Danja" title="Tačka ključanja">Tačka ključanja</a></th><td class="infobox-data">4423<sup id="cite_ref-Zhang_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zhang-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> K (4150 <a href="/wiki/Stepen_Celzija" class="mw-redirect" title="Stepen Celzija">°C</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Molarni_volumen" title="Molarni volumen">Molarni volumen</a></th><td class="infobox-data">8,17 · 10<sup>-6</sup> m<sup>3</sup>/mol</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Toplota_isparavanja" title="Toplota isparavanja">Toplota isparavanja</a></th><td class="infobox-data">619<sup id="cite_ref-Zhang_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zhang-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> kJ/mol</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Toplota_topljenja" title="Toplota topljenja">Toplota topljenja</a></th><td class="infobox-data">25,7 kJ/mol</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pritisak_pare&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pritisak pare (stranica ne postoji)">Pritisak pare</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1,4 <a href="/wiki/Mjere_za_pritisak" title="Mjere za pritisak">Pa</a> pri 2523 K</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Brzina_zvuka" title="Brzina zvuka">Brzina zvuka</a></th><td class="infobox-data">5970 m/s pri 293,15 K</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Specifi%C4%8Dna_elektri%C4%8Dna_provodljivost" title="Specifična električna provodljivost">Specifična električna provodljivost</a></th><td class="infobox-data">14,1 · 10<sup>6</sup> <a href="/wiki/Simens" title="Simens">S</a>/m</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Toplotna_provodljivost" title="Toplotna provodljivost">Toplotna provodljivost</a></th><td class="infobox-data">120 W/(m · K)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:LightCoral;">Hemijske osobine</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Oksidacijsko_stanje" title="Oksidacijsko stanje">Oksidacioni broj</a></th><td class="infobox-data">2, 3, <b>4</b>, 6, 8</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Elektronegativnost" title="Elektronegativnost">Elektronegativnost</a></th><td class="infobox-data">2,2 (Pauling-skala)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:LightCoral;"><a href="/wiki/Izotop" title="Izotop">Izotopi</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; white-space: nowrap;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="background: #efefef; font-weight: bold;"><a href="/wiki/Izotop" title="Izotop">Izo</a></td> <td style="background: #efefef; font-weight: bold;"><a href="/wiki/Rasprostranjenost_u_prirodi" title="Rasprostranjenost u prirodi">RP</a></td> <td style="background: #efefef; font-weight: bold;"><a href="/wiki/Vrijeme_poluraspada" title="Vrijeme poluraspada">t<sub>1/2</sub></a></td> <td style="background: #efefef; font-weight: bold;"><a href="/wiki/Radioaktivnost" title="Radioaktivnost">RA</a></td> <td style="background: #efefef; font-weight: bold;"><a href="/wiki/Energija_raspada" title="Energija raspada">ER</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Elektronvolt" title="Elektronvolt">MeV</a>)</small></td> <td style="background: #efefef; font-weight: bold;"><a href="/wiki/Produkt_raspada" title="Produkt raspada">PR</a></td> </tr><tr> <td nowrap=""><sup>94</sup>Ru</td> <td nowrap=""> <p><a href="/wiki/Sinteti%C4%8Dki_radioizotopi" title="Sintetički radioizotopi">sin</a> </p> </td> <td> 51,8 <a href="/wiki/Minuta" title="Minuta">min</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Elektronski_zahvat" title="Elektronski zahvat">ε</a></td> <td>1,593</td> <td><sup>94</sup>Tc</td> </tr><tr> <td nowrap=""><sup>95</sup>Ru</td> <td nowrap=""> <p><a href="/wiki/Sinteti%C4%8Dki_radioizotopi" title="Sintetički radioizotopi">sin</a> </p> </td> <td> 1,643 <a href="/wiki/Sat_(jedinica)" title="Sat (jedinica)">h</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Elektronski_zahvat" title="Elektronski zahvat">ε</a></td> <td>2,572</td> <td><sup>95</sup>Tc</td> </tr><tr> <td nowrap=""><sup>96</sup>Ru</td> <td nowrap=""> <p>5,52 % </p> </td> <td> 6,9 x 10<sup>19</sup> <a href="/wiki/Godina" title="Godina">god</a><sup id="cite_ref-hult_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hult-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dvostruki_beta_raspad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dvostruki beta raspad (stranica ne postoji)">β<sup>+</sup> β<sup>+</sup></a></td> <td>2,7188</td> <td><sup>96</sup>Mo</td> </tr><tr> <td nowrap=""><sup>97</sup>Ru</td> <td nowrap=""> <p><a href="/wiki/Sinteti%C4%8Dki_radioizotopi" title="Sintetički radioizotopi">sin</a> </p> </td> <td> 2,9 <a href="/wiki/Dan" title="Dan">d</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Elektronski_zahvat" title="Elektronski zahvat">ε</a></td> <td>1,115</td> <td><sup>97</sup>Tc</td> </tr><tr> <td nowrap=""><sup>98</sup>Ru</td> <td nowrap=""> <p>1,88 % </p> </td> <td colspan="4"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stabilni_izotopi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stabilni izotopi (stranica ne postoji)">Stabilan</a></td> </tr><tr> <td nowrap=""><sup>99</sup>Ru</td> <td nowrap=""> <p>12,7 % </p> </td> <td colspan="4"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stabilni_izotopi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stabilni izotopi (stranica ne postoji)">Stabilan</a></td> </tr><tr> <td nowrap=""><sup>100</sup>Ru</td> <td nowrap=""> <p>12,6 % </p> </td> <td colspan="4"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stabilni_izotopi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stabilni izotopi (stranica ne postoji)">Stabilan</a></td> </tr><tr> <td nowrap=""><sup>101</sup>Ru</td> <td nowrap=""> <p>17,0 % </p> </td> <td colspan="4"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stabilni_izotopi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stabilni izotopi (stranica ne postoji)">Stabilan</a></td> </tr><tr> <td nowrap=""><sup>102</sup>Ru</td> <td nowrap=""> <p><b>31,6</b> % </p> </td> <td colspan="4"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stabilni_izotopi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stabilni izotopi (stranica ne postoji)">Stabilan</a></td> </tr><tr> <td nowrap=""><sup>103</sup>Ru</td> <td nowrap=""> <p><a href="/wiki/Sinteti%C4%8Dki_radioizotopi" title="Sintetički radioizotopi">sin</a> </p> </td> <td> 39,26 <a href="/wiki/Dan" title="Dan">d</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Beta-zraci" class="mw-redirect" title="Beta-zraci">β<sup>-</sup></a></td> <td>0,763</td> <td><sup>103</sup>Rh</td> </tr><tr> <td nowrap=""><sup>104</sup>Ru</td> <td nowrap=""> <p>18,7 % </p> </td> <td> 1,9 x 10<sup>20</sup> <a href="/wiki/Godina" title="Godina">god</a><sup id="cite_ref-hult_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hult-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dvostruki_beta_raspad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dvostruki beta raspad (stranica ne postoji)">β<sup>-</sup> β<sup>-</sup></a></td> <td>1,2997</td> <td><sup>104</sup>Pd</td> </tr><tr> <td nowrap=""><sup>105</sup>Ru</td> <td nowrap=""> <p><a href="/wiki/Sinteti%C4%8Dki_radioizotopi" title="Sintetički radioizotopi">sin</a> </p> </td> <td> 4,44 <a href="/wiki/Sat_(jedinica)" title="Sat (jedinica)">h</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Beta-zraci" class="mw-redirect" title="Beta-zraci">β<sup>-</sup></a></td> <td>1,917</td> <td><sup>105</sup>Rh</td> </tr><tr> <td nowrap=""><sup>106</sup>Ru</td> <td nowrap=""> <p><a href="/wiki/Sinteti%C4%8Dki_radioizotopi" title="Sintetički radioizotopi">sin</a> </p> </td> <td> 373,59 <a href="/wiki/Dan" title="Dan">d</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Beta-zraci" class="mw-redirect" title="Beta-zraci">β<sup>-</sup></a></td> <td>0,039</td> <td><sup>106</sup>Rh</td> </tr> </tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:LightCoral;">Sigurnosno obavještenje</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Oznake_upozorenja" class="mw-redirect" title="Oznake upozorenja">Oznake upozorenja</a><br /> <table style="text-align:center; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto; background-color:transparent;" class="nogrid"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td style="vertical-align:top;"><div style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto; text-align:center; vertical-align:top; width:72px; line-height:1.2em; background-color:transparent; font-weight:bold; padding-bottom:3px;"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Hazard_F.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lahko zapaljivo"><img alt="Lahko zapaljivo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Hazard_F.svg/70px-Hazard_F.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Hazard_F.svg/105px-Hazard_F.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Hazard_F.svg/140px-Hazard_F.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> </p> F<br /><span style="line-height:1.1em; font-size:80%;">Lahko zapaljivo</span></div> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Obavje%C5%A1tenja_o_riziku_i_sigurnosti" title="Obavještenja o riziku i sigurnosti">Obavještenja o riziku i sigurnosti</a></th><td class="infobox-data">R: <span style="color:#ff7d00; border-bottom:1px dotted #ff7d00;" title="Lahko zapaljivo.">11</span><br />S: <span style="color:#ff7d00; border-bottom:1px dotted #ff7d00;" title="Čuvati odvojeno od izvora paljenja - zabranjeno pušenje.">16</span>-<span style="color:#ff7d00; border-bottom:1px dotted #ff7d00;" title="Ne udisati prašinu.">22</span>-<span style="color:#ff7d00; border-bottom:1px dotted #ff7d00;" title="Spriječiti dodir s kožom i očima.">24/25</span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><small>Ako je moguće i u upotrebi, koriste se <a href="/wiki/Osnovne_SI_jedinice" title="Osnovne SI jedinice">osnovne SI jedinice</a>.<br />Ako nije drugačije označeno, svi podaci dobijeni su mjerenjima u normalnim uvjetima.</small></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Rutenij</b> (<a href="/wiki/Latinski_jezik" title="Latinski jezik">latinski</a>: <span lang="la"><i>ruthenia</i></span> - Rusija) jeste <a href="/wiki/Hemijski_element" title="Hemijski element">hemijski element</a> sa simbolom <b>Ru</b> i <a href="/wiki/Atomski_broj" title="Atomski broj">atomskim brojem</a> 44. Pripada <a href="/wiki/Prelazni_metal" title="Prelazni metal">prelaznim metalima</a>, a u <a href="/wiki/Periodni_sistem_elemenata" title="Periodni sistem elemenata">periodnom sistemu</a> nalazi se u <a href="/w/index.php?title=Elementi_5._periode&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elementi 5. periode (stranica ne postoji)">5. periodi</a> i <a href="/wiki/8._grupa_hemijskih_elemenata" title="8. grupa hemijskih elemenata">8. grupi</a> (ranije dio 8. sporedne grupe) odnosno grupe željeza. Rutenij je srebreno-bijeli, tvrdi i krhki platinasti metal. </p><p>Ovaj metal je 1844. otkrio <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Karlovi%C4%8D_Klaus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karl Karlovič Klaus (stranica ne postoji)">Karl Karlovič Klaus</a> (njem. <i>Karl Ernst Claus</i>) ruski hemičar njemačko-estonskog porijekla, u rudi platine iz <a href="/wiki/Sibir" title="Sibir">Sibira</a>. Rutenij je izuzetno rijedak i koristi se u veoma malehnim količinama. Glavna oblast upotrebe metala je elektronička industrija, naročito tehnologija zapisivanja podataka na <a href="/wiki/Ra%C4%8Dunar" title="Računar">računarske</a> <a href="/wiki/Tvrdi_disk" title="Tvrdi disk">tvrde diskove</a> te kao <a href="/wiki/Katalizator" title="Katalizator">katalizator</a> u različitim hemijskim procesima poput <a href="/wiki/Hidrogenacija" title="Hidrogenacija">hidriranja</a>, metaniziranja ili sinteze <a href="/wiki/Amonijak" title="Amonijak">amonijaka</a>. Neki spojevi rutenija, naprimjer Grubbsovi katalizatori igraju važne uloge u hemijskim sintezama. </p><p>Za rutenij nije poznato da ima neku biološku funkciju. Međutim istražuju se neki kompleksi metala zbog njihovog mogućeg djelovanja kao sredstvo protiv <a href="/wiki/Rak_(bolest)" title="Rak (bolest)">raka</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historija">Historija</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rutenij&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Uredi odlomak "Historija"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rutenij&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Historija"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:ClausKE.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b3/ClausKE.jpg" decoding="async" width="179" height="245" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="179" data-file-height="245" /></a><figcaption>K. K. Klaus, ruski hemičar i botaničar</figcaption></figure> <p>Nakon što su između 1803. i 1804. <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Hyde_Wollaston&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Hyde Wollaston (stranica ne postoji)">William Hyde Wollaston</a> i <a href="/wiki/Smithson_Tennant" title="Smithson Tennant">Smithson Tennant</a> u rudama <a href="/wiki/Platina" title="Platina">platine</a> u vrlo kratkom vremenskom intervalu otkrili četiri platinska metala: <a href="/wiki/Paladij" title="Paladij">paladij</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rodij" title="Rodij">rodij</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iridij" title="Iridij">iridij</a> i <a href="/wiki/Osmij" title="Osmij">osmij</a>, drugi hemičari su također pokušavali izolirati nepoznate elemente iz sličnih ruda. </p><p>Najprije je <a href="/wiki/Poljska" title="Poljska">poljski</a> hemičar <a href="/w/index.php?title=J%C4%99drzej_%C5%9Aniadecki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jędrzej Śniadecki (stranica ne postoji)">Jędrzej Śniadecki</a> 1808. objavio, da je godinu ranije otkrio novi element u jednoj rijetkoj <a href="/wiki/Ju%C5%BEna_Amerika" title="Južna Amerika">južnoameričkoj</a> platinskoj rudi. Nazvao ga je <i>vestium</i> po, tada novootkrivenom, <a href="/wiki/Asteroid" class="mw-redirect" title="Asteroid">asteroidu</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=4_Vesta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="4 Vesta (stranica ne postoji)">Vesti</a>. Nakon što to otkriće nisu potvrdili drugi hemičari, ono je odbačeno kao pogrešno.<sup id="cite_ref-Emsley_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Emsley-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nakon otkrića velikih nalazišta ruda platine na <a href="/wiki/Ural_(planina)" title="Ural (planina)">Uralu</a> 1819. hemičari <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Berzelius" title="Jacob Berzelius">Jacob Berzelius</a> u <a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholmu</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gottfried_Osann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gottfried Osann (stranica ne postoji)">Gottfried Osann</a> u <a href="/wiki/Tartu" title="Tartu">Tartu</a> počeli su ih istraživati. Osann je 1828. prvi dobio nepoznati bijeli oksid, čije osobine nisu odgovarale ni jednom do tada poznatom oksidu, a nakon redukcije iz njega je dobio nepoznati zlatnožuti metal. Nazvao ga je <i>rutenij</i> po zemlji porijekla te rude, <a href="/wiki/Rusija" title="Rusija">Rusiji</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-fortse_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fortse-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nakon što Berzelius nije uspio doći do istih rezultata kako bi potvrdio pronalazak, Osann je ponovio svoj rad, ali nakon toga nije uspio ponoviti izdvajanje <i>rutenija</i> pa je svoje otkriće poništio.<sup id="cite_ref-bericht_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bericht-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Helvih_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Helvih-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hemičar njemačko-estonskog porijekla <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Karlovi%C4%8D_Klaus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karl Karlovič Klaus (stranica ne postoji)">Karl Karlovič Klaus</a> je na Univerzitetu Kazan od 1841. pokušavao ponoviti Osannove eksperimente o izdvajanju nepoznatog elementa iz rude platine. To mu je napokon uspjelo 1844. godine kada je dobio šest grama jednog nepoznatog svijetlo-sivog metala. Novi element nazvao je isto kao i Osann, <i>rutenij</i>. Također poput Osanna, Klaus je molio Berzeliusa da provjeri rezultate eksperimenta i potvrdi otkriće. Pošto je Berzelius 1845. to i potvrdio, od tada Klaus se smatra otkrivačem rutenija.<sup id="cite_ref-pitchov_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pitchov-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Osobine">Osobine</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rutenij&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Uredi odlomak "Osobine"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rutenij&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Osobine"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fizičke"><span id="Fizi.C4.8Dke"></span>Fizičke</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rutenij&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Uredi odlomak "Fizičke"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rutenij&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Fizičke"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rutenij je sreberno-bijeli, tvrdi i krhki metal. Sa gustoćom od 12,37 g/cm<sup>3</sup> je, nakon <a href="/wiki/Paladij" title="Paladij">paladija</a>, drugi najlakši platinski metal. Topi se pri 2606 K, dok ključa pri oko 4592 K. Samo iridij i <a href="/wiki/Osmij" title="Osmij">osmij</a>, među platinskim metalima, imaju više tačke topljenja i <a href="/wiki/Ta%C4%8Dka_klju%C4%8Danja" title="Tačka ključanja">ključanja</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Arblaster_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Arblaster-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pri temperaturi ispod 0,49 K, ovaj element postaje superprovodnik.<sup id="cite_ref-webelements_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-webelements-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Poput osmija, rutenij se također kristalizira u heksagonalnom, gusto pakovanom kristalnom sistemu u prostornoj grupi <i>P</i>6<sub>3</sub><i>/mmc</i> (prostorna grupa 194) sa parametrima rešetke <i>a</i> = 270,6 pm i <i>c</i> = 428,1 pm kao i dvije formulske jedinice po elementarnoj ćeliji.<sup id="cite_ref-Modell_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Modell-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Osim toga, poznata su četiri različita polimorfna oblika rutenija u koja on prelazi zagrijavanjem na temperature 1308, 1473 i 1770 K. Međutim, ovi podaci se zasnivaju na kalorimetrijskim mjerenjima iz 1931. a nakon tog vremena još nikad nisu potvrđeni. Stoga je vrlo moguće da rutenij do tačke topljenja ne posjeduje niti jednu modifikaciju.<sup id="cite_ref-rard_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rard-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hemijske">Hemijske</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rutenij&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Uredi odlomak "Hemijske"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rutenij&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Hemijske"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Unutar grupe željeza, rutenij ima slične osobine kao i <a href="/wiki/Osmij" title="Osmij">osmij</a>, dok se istovremeno njegove osobine znatno razlikuju od osobina <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDeljezo" title="Željezo">željeza</a>. Rutenij je sličan ostalim platinskim metalima, a za razliku od željeza on je relativno inertni plemeniti metal. Sa <a href="/wiki/Kisik" title="Kisik">kisikom</a> iz zraka reagira tek pri temperaturama iznad 700 °C a pri tome nastaje <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rutenij(VIII)-oksid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rutenij(VIII)-oksid (stranica ne postoji)">rutenij(VIII)-oksid</a>. Time se razlikuje i od osmija, koji već pri sobnoj temperaturi pri kontaktu sa kisikom već u tragovima gradi odgovarajući oksid (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Osmij(VIII)-oksid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Osmij(VIII)-oksid (stranica ne postoji)">osmij(VIII)-oksid</a>). Rutenij također reagira s <a href="/wiki/Hlor" title="Hlor">hlorom</a> i <a href="/wiki/Fluor" title="Fluor">fluorom</a> tek pri zagrijavanju čime nastaju <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rutenij(III)-hlorid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rutenij(III)-hlorid (stranica ne postoji)">rutenij(III)-hlorid</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rutenij(VI)-fluorid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rutenij(VI)-fluorid (stranica ne postoji)">rutenij(VI)-fluorid</a>, respektivno. </p><p>Metal se ne rastvara u kiselinama kao npr. <a href="/wiki/Fluoridna_kiselina" title="Fluoridna kiselina">fluorovodičnoj</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sumporna_kiselina" title="Sumporna kiselina">sumpornoj</a>, <a href="/wiki/Du%C5%A1i%C4%8Dna_kiselina" title="Dušična kiselina">dušičnoj</a>, ali ni u <a href="/wiki/Aqua_regia" title="Aqua regia">zlatotopki</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-vaccari_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vaccari-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Međutim, polahko ga napadaju vodeni rastvori hlora i <a href="/wiki/Brom" title="Brom">broma</a>, a vrlo brzo cijanidni rastvori i <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%BDiva(II)-hlorid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Živa(II)-hlorid (stranica ne postoji)">živa(II)-hlorid</a>. Snažna oksidacijska sredstva poput <a href="/wiki/Kalij-hidroksid" title="Kalij-hidroksid">kalij-hidroksida</a> i <a href="/wiki/Kalij-nitrat" title="Kalij-nitrat">kalij-nitrata</a> ili istopljene smjese <a href="/wiki/Natrij-hidroksid" title="Natrij-hidroksid">natrij-hidroksida</a> i <a href="/wiki/Natrij-peroksid" title="Natrij-peroksid">peroksida</a> vrlo brzo mogu oksidirati rutenij.<sup id="cite_ref-rard_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rard-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Izotopi">Izotopi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rutenij&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Uredi odlomak "Izotopi"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rutenij&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Izotopi"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Postoji ukupno 33 <a href="/wiki/Izotop" title="Izotop">izotopa</a> i šest <a href="/wiki/Nuklearni_izomer" title="Nuklearni izomer">nuklearnih izomera</a> rutenija između <sup>87</sup>Ru i <sup>120</sup>Ru. Među njima je sedam stabilno i javljaju se u prirodi. Od stabilnih izotopa najčešći je <sup>102</sup>Ru sa udjelom od 31,6% u prirodnoj izotopskoj smjesi. Četiri izotopa <sup>104</sup>Ru, <sup>101</sup>Ru, <sup>100</sup>Ru i <sup>99</sup>Ru sa udjelom između 12 i 19% su približno jednako česti. Najrjeđi stabilni izotopi su <sup>96</sup>Ru i <sup>98</sup>Ru sa udjelima od 5,52 odnosno 1,88%. Među nestabilnim izotopima izotopi <sup>97</sup>Ru, <sup>103</sup>Ru i <sup>106</sup>Ru imaju <a href="/wiki/Vrijeme_poluraspada" title="Vrijeme poluraspada">vremena poluraspada</a> od nekoliko dana, dok kod drugih izotopa to vrijeme iznosi od nekoliko milisekundi do nekoliko sati.<sup id="cite_ref-nubase_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nubase-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Izotopi rutenija, uglavnom <sup>101</sup>Ru, <sup>102</sup>Ru i <sup>104</sup>Ru nastaju raspadanjem težih atomskih jezgara te se rutenij može naći u potrošenim gorivim nuklearnim elementima. Naprimjer u jednoj <a href="/wiki/Tona" title="Tona">toni</a> <a href="/wiki/Uranij" title="Uranij">uranijskog</a> goriva raspadnutog nuklearnom fisijom nalazi se oko 1,9 kilograma rutenija kao proizvod raspada. On se može ponovno preraditi (reciklirati) putem oksidacije do hlapljivog rutenij(VIII)-oksida te se iz smjese sa dušičnom kiselinom može lahko izdvojiti. Međutim, ovako dobijeni rutenij ima i određeni sadržaj radioaktivnog i relativno dugovječnog (vrijeme poluraspada 373 dana) radioizotopa <sup>106</sup>Ru, pa se ne može direktno koristiti u druge svrhe.<sup id="cite_ref-bushrp_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bushrp-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Volkmer_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Volkmer-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rasprostranjenost">Rasprostranjenost</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rutenij&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Uredi odlomak "Rasprostranjenost"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rutenij&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Rasprostranjenost"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rutenij se ubraja među najrjeđe neradioaktivne elemente na <a href="/wiki/Zemlja_(planeta)" title="Zemlja (planeta)">Zemlji</a>. Njegov udio u Zemljinoj kori iznosi približno 0,000002%, što je približno udjelima elemenata poput <a href="/wiki/Rodij" title="Rodij">rodija</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iridij" title="Iridij">iridija</a> i <a href="/wiki/Renij" title="Renij">renija</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-weast_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-weast-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On se uglavnom nalazi u <a href="/w/index.php?title=Parageneza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parageneza (stranica ne postoji)">paragenezi</a> sa drugim platinskim metalima. Tako naprimjer udio rutenija u najvažnijem ležištu platinskih metala, <a href="/wiki/Ju%C5%BEnoafri%C4%8Dka_Republika" title="Južnoafrička Republika">južnoafričkom</a> kompleksu Bushveld, iznosi između osam i 12%.<sup id="cite_ref-ullmann_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ullmann-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Poput drugih platinskih metala, on se također može naći u prirodi u <a href="/wiki/Samorodni_elementi" title="Samorodni elementi">elementarnom obliku</a>. Stoga ga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Me%C4%91unarodna_mineralo%C5%A1ka_organizacija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Međunarodna mineraloška organizacija (stranica ne postoji)">Međunarodna mineraloška organizacija</a> ubraja u <a href="/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral">minerale</a> u grupu 1.AF.05 (sistematika po Struntzu, klasa <i>elementi</i>, odjeljak: <i>metali i međumetalni spojevi</i>, pododjeljak: <i>elementi platinske grupe</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-uwsedu_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uwsedu-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Njegov tipski lokalitet, u kojem su mineral prvi put otkrili naučnici Urashima, Wakabayashi, Masaki i Terasaki 1974. godine, nalazi se u dolini rijeke Uryū na <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">japanskom</a> ostrvu <a href="/wiki/Hokkaido" title="Hokkaido">Hokkaido</a>. Osim ovog, poznato je još 21 nalazište elementarnog rutenija. To su između ostalih rijeke <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ni%C5%BEnji_Tagil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nižnji Tagil (stranica ne postoji)">Nižnji Tagil</a> i Mias u Rusiji, rijeka Yuba u <a href="/wiki/Kalifornija" title="Kalifornija">Kaliforniji</a> i kompleks Bushveld u Južnoafričkoj Republici.<sup id="cite_ref-Chau_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chau-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Osim elementarnog rutenija, poznati su i razni minerali koji ga sadrže. Do danas (stanje 2016), poznato je 14<sup id="cite_ref-webminer_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-webminer-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> minerala koji sadrže rutenij u vidu legure sa drugim platinskim metalima, poput ruteniridosmina, sulfida poput <a href="/w/index.php?title=Laurit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Laurit (stranica ne postoji)">laurita</a> (RuS<sub>2</sub>) ili arsenida poput <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rutenarsenit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rutenarsenit (stranica ne postoji)">rutenarsenita</a> (Ru,Ni)As. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dobijanje">Dobijanje</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rutenij&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Uredi odlomak "Dobijanje"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rutenij&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Dobijanje"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Ruthenium_a_half_bar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Ruthenium_a_half_bar.jpg/220px-Ruthenium_a_half_bar.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Ruthenium_a_half_bar.jpg/330px-Ruthenium_a_half_bar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Ruthenium_a_half_bar.jpg/440px-Ruthenium_a_half_bar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4216" data-file-height="2916" /></a><figcaption>Polovina poluge rutenija, istopljena električnim lukom</figcaption></figure> <p>Zbog velike sličnosti i vrlo slabe reaktivnosti platinskih metala, izdvajanje ovog elementa je izuzetno teško. Postoji nekoliko načina za izdvajanje rutenija. Ako neka ruda sadrži dovoljno visoku koncentraciju ovog metala, najprije slijedi njegovo odvajanje i obogaćivanje putem <a href="/wiki/Destilacija" title="Destilacija">destilacije</a>. Tada se pomoću oksidacijskih sredstava kao što su <a href="/wiki/Hlor" title="Hlor">hlor</a>, hlorati ili <a href="/wiki/Kalij-permanganat" title="Kalij-permanganat">kalij-permanganat</a> razlaže <a href="/wiki/Rastvorljivost" title="Rastvorljivost">rastvor</a> koji sadrži tro- ili šestovalentni rutenij. Tim postupkom rutenij se oksidira do vrlo lahko isparljivog <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rutenij(VIII)-oksid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rutenij(VIII)-oksid (stranica ne postoji)">rutenij(VIII)-oksida</a>. Oksid se može <i>uhvatiti</i> razblaženom <a href="/wiki/Hlorovodi%C4%8Dna_kiselina" title="Hlorovodična kiselina">hlorovodičnom kiselinom</a> te se reducirati do hlororutenatnih kompleksa rastvorljivih u vodi. Razlog ovog postupka su opasnosti pri nastanku rutenij(VIII)-oksida. Tako naprimjer putem reakcije rutenij(VIII)-oksida sa amonijevim solima mogu nastati eksplozivni spojevi dušika i hlora.<sup id="cite_ref-ullmann_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ullmann-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>U proizvedenom materijalu sadržane su vrlo malehne količine rutenija, a također se mora odvojiti od ostalih platinskih metala. Za različite metale postoje i različiti postupci izdvajanja, naročito ekstrakcija sa pogodnim rastvaračem ili taloženje teško rastvorljivih soli. Napokon, u rastvoru preostaje rastvoreni rutenij. Iz tog rastvora izdvaja se amonijak, a rutenij se oksidira do rutenij(VIII)-oksida te odvaja pomoću destilacije.<sup id="cite_ref-ullmann_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ullmann-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Da bi se dobio metalni rutenij, on se mora istaložiti bilo kao <a href="/w/index.php?title=Amonij-heksahlororutenat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amonij-heksahlororutenat (stranica ne postoji)">amonij-heksahlororutenat</a> ili u obliku <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rutenij(IV)-oksid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rutenij(IV)-oksid (stranica ne postoji)">rutenij(IV)-oksida</a> te se reducirati pri temperaturi od 800 °C u atmosferi <a href="/wiki/Vodik" title="Vodik">vodika</a>. </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {RuO_{2}+2\ H_{2}\longrightarrow Ru+2\ H_{2}O} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">R</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">u</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mtext> </mtext> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">R</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">u</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mtext> </mtext> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {RuO_{2}+2\ H_{2}\longrightarrow Ru+2\ H_{2}O} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/94693c9f2df4524c651492e08f8ab974a57b46c8" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:30.534ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {RuO_{2}+2\ H_{2}\longrightarrow Ru+2\ H_{2}O} }"></span></dd></dl> <p>Osim platinskih ruda, važna sirovina za dobijanje rutenija i drugih platinskih metala je <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anodni_mulj&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anodni mulj (stranica ne postoji)">anodni mulj</a>, koji nastaje pri proizvodnji <a href="/wiki/Nikl" title="Nikl">nikla</a>. Drugi mogući izvor rutenija su potrošeni gorivi elementi, nastali pri radioaktivnom raspadanju nuklearnog goriva, čime mogu nastati mnogi platinski metali. U jednoj toni takvih gorivih elemenata sadržano je preko dva kilograma rutenija, ali i drugih platinskih metala poput <a href="/wiki/Rodij" title="Rodij">rodija</a> i <a href="/wiki/Paladij" title="Paladij">paladija</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Kolarik_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kolarik-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> U 2008. svjetska proizvodnja rutenija iznosila je oko 20 tona.<sup id="cite_ref-usgs_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usgs-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Upotreba">Upotreba</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rutenij&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Uredi odlomak "Upotreba"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rutenij&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Upotreba"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rutenij se upotrebljava u vrlo ograničenom obimu. Najveći dio metala se koristi u elektroničkoj industriji. Od sredine 2000tih počela je šira primjena tehnologije takozvanog <i>okomitog upisivanja</i> (<a href="/wiki/Engleski_jezik" title="Engleski jezik">engleski</a>: <span lang="en"><i>Perpendicular Recording</i></span>) na računarske tvrde diskove, procesa pri kojem se tanki sloj rutenija nanosi na leguru <a href="/wiki/Kobalt" title="Kobalt">kobalta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hrom" title="Hrom">hroma</a> i <a href="/wiki/Platina" title="Platina">platine</a> koja ga odvaja od mehkog magnetiziranog donjeg sloja. Razlog upotrebe rutenija leži u njegovoj heksagonalnoj <a href="/wiki/Kristalna_struktura" title="Kristalna struktura">kristalnoj strukturi</a> koja ima konstantu rešetke sličnu kao i upotrebljena <a href="/wiki/Legura" title="Legura">legura</a> sloja za zapisivanje.<sup id="cite_ref-usgs_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usgs-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Influence_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Influence-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tanki slojevi rutenija se postavljaju u električne kontakte poput kolektora i <i>reed</i> releja. U usporedbi sa drugim korištenim metalima poput zlata ojačanog <a href="/wiki/Kobalt" title="Kobalt">kobaltom</a>, rutenij je tvrđi i mnogo otporniji na trošenje.<sup id="cite_ref-Hydes_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hydes-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kao i drugi platinski metali, i rutenij također djeluje <a href="/wiki/Katalizator" title="Katalizator">katalitički</a>. Tako se on naprimjer može upotrijebiti za hidriranje <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aromatski_spojevi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aromatski spojevi (stranica ne postoji)">aromatskih spojeva</a>, kiselina i <a href="/wiki/Keton" title="Keton">ketona</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-römpp_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-römpp-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On katalitički djeluje i pri metaniziranju, proizvodnji <a href="/wiki/Metan" title="Metan">metana</a> iz <a href="/wiki/Vodik" title="Vodik">vodika</a> i <a href="/wiki/Ugljik-monoksid" title="Ugljik-monoksid">ugljik-monoksida</a> odnosno <a href="/wiki/Ugljik-dioksid" title="Ugljik-dioksid">ugljik-dioksida</a>. Do danas rutenij je našao vrlo ograničenu primjenu za metaniziranje, jer se u tu svrhu uglavnom koriste katalizatori na bazi <a href="/wiki/Nikl" title="Nikl">nikla</a>. Pošto su za metaniziranje sa rutenijem potrebne dosta niže temperature, ono može biti zanimljivo za dugoročne svemirske misije, gdje bi se ugljik-dioksid koji nastaje disanjem astronauta mogao pretvoriti u kisik i tako zatvoriti kruženje <a href="/wiki/Kisik" title="Kisik">kisika</a> tokom misije.<sup id="cite_ref-traa_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-traa-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hiller_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hiller-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Analogno željezu i <a href="/wiki/Osmij" title="Osmij">osmiju</a>, rutenij također katalizira sintezu <a href="/wiki/Amonijak" title="Amonijak">amonijaka</a> iz <a href="/wiki/Du%C5%A1ik" title="Dušik">dušika</a> i vodika. On posjeduje višu katalitičku aktivnost od željeza i tako omogućava viši prinos pri nižim pritiscima. Upotreba metala je uglavnom ograničena njihovom cijenom.<sup id="cite_ref-Maxa_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maxa-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rutenijske katalizatora u industrijskoj proizvodnji, koji se nanose na matricu od ugljika te se poboljšavaju <a href="/wiki/Barij" title="Barij">barijem</a> i <a href="/wiki/Cezij" title="Cezij">cezijem</a> kao promotori, koriste dva proizvodna pogona kompanije KBR na <a href="/wiki/Trinidad_i_Tobago" title="Trinidad i Tobago">Trinidadu</a>. Pošto sporo metaniziranje ugljičnih nosača smeta toku procesa, istražuju se rutenijski katalizatori bez ugljika za sintezu amonijaka.<sup id="cite_ref-Bielawa_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bielawa-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>U manjim količinama, rutenij se koristi za legiranje paladija ili platine radi povećanje njihove tvrdoće. Legure koje sadrže rutenij koriste se, između ostalog, za vrhove naliv-pera<sup id="cite_ref-römpp_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-römpp-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ili za punjenje šupljine zuba u stomatologiji.<sup id="cite_ref-Kappert_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kappert-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Legurama <a href="/wiki/Titanij" title="Titanij">titanija</a> se dodaju male količine rutenija (0,1%) da bi bile otpornije na koroziju, što je važno za hemijsku industriju i industriju nafte. On je pri tome jedna od mogućih alternativa paladiju.<sup id="cite_ref-rwschutz_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rwschutz-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rutenij se također koristi i u superlegurama na bazi <a href="/wiki/Nikl" title="Nikl">nikla</a>, koje se koriste za lopatice turbina, a rutenij može biti jedan od sastavnih dijelova legura koji utječe na povećanje fazne stabilnosti.<sup id="cite_ref-Yutaka_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yutaka-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Veći dio rutenija se ne koristi u metalnom obliku, već u formi spojeva, prvenstveno kao <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rutenij(IV)-oksid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rutenij(IV)-oksid (stranica ne postoji)">rutenij(IV)-oksid</a>, koji se koristi kao materijal za otpornike i elektrode, naprimjer za oblaganje titanijskih anoda u hloroalkanom procesu elektrolize.<sup id="cite_ref-Emsley_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Emsley-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-römpp_27-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-römpp-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Spojevi">Spojevi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rutenij&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Uredi odlomak "Spojevi"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rutenij&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Spojevi"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="box-Proširiti_sekciju plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">Ovaj odlomak <b>potrebno je proširiti</b>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biološki_značaj"><span id="Biolo.C5.A1ki_zna.C4.8Daj"></span>Biološki značaj</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rutenij&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Uredi odlomak "Biološki značaj"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rutenij&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Biološki značaj"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="box-Proširiti_sekciju plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">Ovaj odlomak <b>potrebno je proširiti</b>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reference">Reference</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rutenij&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Uredi odlomak "Reference"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rutenij&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Reference"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3312388">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2" style=""> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-harry-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-harry_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3303350">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFHarry_H._Binder1999" class="citation book cs1">Harry H. Binder (1999). <i>Lexikon der chemischen Elemente</i>. Stuttgart: S. Hirzel Verlag. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifikator)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Knji%C5%BEni_izvori/3-7776-0736-3" title="Posebno:Knjižni izvori/3-7776-0736-3"><bdi>3-7776-0736-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lexikon+der+chemischen+Elemente&rft.place=Stuttgart&rft.pub=S.+Hirzel+Verlag&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=3-7776-0736-3&rft.au=Harry+H.+Binder&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3ARutenij" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CIAAW-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CIAAW_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ciaaw.org/atomic-weights.htm">CIAAW, Standard Atomic Weights Revised 2013</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-weast-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-weast_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-weast_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFWeast,_Robert_C.1999" class="citation book cs1">Weast, Robert C., ured. (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/crchandbookofche70edunse"><i>CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics</i></a>. Boca Raton: CRC (Chemical Rubber Publishing Company). str. E-129 do E-145. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifikator)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Knji%C5%BEni_izvori/0-8493-0470-9" title="Posebno:Knjižni izvori/0-8493-0470-9"><bdi>0-8493-0470-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=CRC+Handbook+of+Chemistry+and+Physics&rft.place=Boca+Raton&rft.pages=E-129+do+E-145&rft.pub=CRC+%28Chemical+Rubber+Publishing+Company%29&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-8493-0470-9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcrchandbookofche70edunse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3ARutenij" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Zhang-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Zhang_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zhang_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFYiming_Zhang,_Julian_R._G._Evans,_Shoufeng_Yang2011" class="citation journal cs1">Yiming Zhang, Julian R. G. Evans, Shoufeng Yang (2011). "Corrected Values for Boiling Points and Enthalpies of Vaporization of Elements in Handbooks". <i>Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data</i>. <b>56</b>: 328–337. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifikator)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fje1011086">10.1021/je1011086</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+%26+Engineering+Data&rft.atitle=Corrected+Values+for+Boiling+Points+and+Enthalpies+of+Vaporization+of+Elements+in+Handbooks&rft.volume=56&rft.pages=328-337&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Fje1011086&rft.au=Yiming+Zhang%2C+Julian+R.+G.+Evans%2C+Shoufeng+Yang&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3ARutenij" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 održavanje: više imena: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Kategorija:CS1_odr%C5%BEavanje:_vi%C5%A1e_imena:_authors_list" title="Kategorija:CS1 održavanje: više imena: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hult-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hult_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hult_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFAndreotti_E,_Hult_M,_Marissens_G,_de_Orduña_RG,_Vermaercke_P.2012" class="citation journal cs1">Andreotti E, Hult M, Marissens G, de Orduña RG, Vermaercke P. (2012). "Study of the double beta decays of 96Ru and 104Ru". <i>Appl Radiat Isot</i>. <b>70</b> (9): 1985–9. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifikator)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.apradiso.2012.02.042">10.1016/j.apradiso.2012.02.042</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Appl+Radiat+Isot&rft.atitle=Study+of+the+double+beta+decays+of+96Ru+and+104Ru&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=1985-9&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.apradiso.2012.02.042&rft.au=Andreotti+E%2C+Hult+M%2C+Marissens+G%2C+de+Ordu%C3%B1a+RG%2C+Vermaercke+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3ARutenij" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 održavanje: više imena: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Kategorija:CS1_odr%C5%BEavanje:_vi%C5%A1e_imena:_authors_list" title="Kategorija:CS1 održavanje: više imena: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Emsley-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Emsley_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Emsley_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_Emsley2001" class="citation book cs1">John Emsley (2001). <i>Nature’s Building Blocks. An A–Z Guide to the Elements</i>. Oxford: Oxford University Press. str. 368–369. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifikator)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Knji%C5%BEni_izvori/978-0-19-850341-5" title="Posebno:Knjižni izvori/978-0-19-850341-5"><bdi>978-0-19-850341-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nature%E2%80%99s+Building+Blocks.+An+A%E2%80%93Z+Guide+to+the+Elements&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=368-369&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-19-850341-5&rft.au=John+Emsley&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3ARutenij" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fortse-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-fortse_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">G. Osann: <i>Fortsetzung der Untersuchung des Platins vom Ural.</i> u: <i>Poggendorffs Annalen der Physik und Chemie.</i> 14, 1828, str. 329–257 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k150998.image.f337.langDE">cijeli tekst</a> na projektu "Gallica").</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bericht-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bericht_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">G. 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Pristupljeno 9. 6. 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Platinum+Metals+Review&rft.atitle=Vapour+Pressure+Equations+for+the+Platinum+Group+Elements&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=130-135&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1595%2F147106707X213830&rft.au=J.+W.+Arblaster&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.platinummetalsreview.com%2Fpdf%2F130-135-pmr-jul07.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3ARutenij" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-webelements-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-webelements_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mark Winter: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.webelements.com/ruthenium/physics.html">Ruthenium: physical properties</a>.</i> u: <i>Webelements.com.</i> pristupljeno 9. juna 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Modell-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Modell_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFK._Schubert1974" class="citation journal cs1">K. 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Wapstra (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131215004241/http://amdc.in2p3.fr/nubase/Nubase2003.pdf">"The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Nuclear Physics</i>. <b>A729</b>: 3–128. Arhivirano s originala 15. 12. 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Bush (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924074421/http://www.platinummetalsreview.com/pdf/pmr-v35-i4-202-208.pdf">"Recovery of Platinum Group Metals from High Level Radioactive Waste"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Platinum Metals Review</i>. <b>35</b> (4): 202–208. Arhivirano s <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.platinummetalsreview.com/pdf/pmr-v35-i4-202-208.pdf">originala</a> <span class="cs1-format">(pdf)</span>, 24. 9. 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pristupljeno 11. 6. 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Platinum+Metals+Review&rft.atitle=Recovery+of+Platinum+Group+Metals+from+High+Level+Radioactive+Waste&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=202-208&rft.date=1991&rft.au=R+.P.+Bush&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.platinummetalsreview.com%2Fpdf%2Fpmr-v35-i4-202-208.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3ARutenij" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Volkmer-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Volkmer_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFMartin_Volkmer1996" class="citation book cs1">Martin Volkmer (1996). <i>Basiswissen Kernenergie</i>. 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(2001). "Platinum Group Metals and Compounds". <i>Ullmann’s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry</i>. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifikator)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F14356007.a21_075">10.1002/14356007.a21_075</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Platinum+Group+Metals+and+Compounds&rft.btitle=Ullmann%E2%80%99s+Encyclopedia+of+Industrial+Chemistry&rft.place=Weinheim&rft.pub=Wiley-VCH&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2F14356007.a21_075&rft.au=Hermann+Renner&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3ARutenij" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error error citation-comment"><span class="cs1-visible-error error citation-comment">Eksplicitna upotreba et al. u: <code class="cs1-code">|author=</code> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pomo%C4%87:CS1_gre%C5%A1ke&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pomoć:CS1 greške (stranica ne postoji)">pomoć</a>)</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-uwsedu-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-uwsedu_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/6AbUV1zVO?url=http://pubsites.uws.edu.au/ima-cnmnc/IMA2009-01%20UPDATE%20160309.pdf">"IMA/CNMNC List of Mineral Names - Ruthenium"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (jezik: engleski). str. 247. Arhivirano s <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pubsites.uws.edu.au/ima-cnmnc/IMA2009-01%20UPDATE%20160309.pdf">originala</a> <span class="cs1-format">(pdf)</span>, 11. 9. 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pristupljeno 20. 1. 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IMA%2FCNMNC+List+of+Mineral+Names+-+Ruthenium&rft.pages=247&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpubsites.uws.edu.au%2Fima-cnmnc%2FIMA2009-01%2520UPDATE%2520160309.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3ARutenij" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chau-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Chau_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFJolyon_Ralph,_Ida_Chau" class="citation web cs1">Jolyon Ralph, Ida Chau. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mindat.org/min-3483.html">"Ruthenium"</a>. <i>mindat.org</i> (jezik: engleski)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pristupljeno 8. 6. 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mindat.org&rft.atitle=Ruthenium&rft.au=Jolyon+Ralph%2C+Ida+Chau&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mindat.org%2Fmin-3483.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3ARutenij" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-webminer-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-webminer_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webmineral.com/chem/Chem-Ru.shtml">Webmineral - Mineral Species sorted by the element Ru (Ruthenium)</a> <span class="languageicon" style="cursor:help; color:#606060; font-size:0.7em; font-weight:bold; vertical-align:middle;" title="engleski jezik">(en)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kolarik-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kolarik_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFZdenek_Kolarik,_Edouard_V._Renard2005" class="citation journal cs1">Zdenek Kolarik, Edouard V. Renard (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924074216/http://www.platinummetalsreview.com/pdf/79-90-pmr-apr05.pdf">"Potential Applications of Fission Platinoids in Industry"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Platinum Metals Review</i>. <b>49</b>: 79–90. Arhivirano s <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.platinummetalsreview.com/pdf/79-90-pmr-apr05.pdf">originala</a> <span class="cs1-format">(pdf)</span>, 24. 9. 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pristupljeno 9. 6. 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Platinum+Metals+Review&rft.atitle=Potential+Applications+of+Fission+Platinoids+in+Industry&rft.volume=49&rft.pages=79-90&rft.date=2005&rft.au=Zdenek+Kolarik%2C+Edouard+V.+Renard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.platinummetalsreview.com%2Fpdf%2F79-90-pmr-apr05.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3ARutenij" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-usgs-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-usgs_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-usgs_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">United States Geological Survey: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/platinum/myb1-2008-plati.pdf">2008 Minerals Yearbook – Platinum-Group Metals</a> (PDF).</i> 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Influence-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Influence_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFJ._Z._Shi2005" class="citation journal cs1">J. 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Pristupljeno 11. 6. 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Platinum+Metals+Review&rft.atitle=Electrodeposited+Ruthenium+as+an+Electrical+Contact+Material&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=50-55&rft.date=1980&rft.au=Paul+C.+Hydes&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.platinummetalsreview.com%2Fpdf%2Fpmr-v24-i2-050-055.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3ARutenij" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-römpp-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-römpp_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-römpp_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-römpp_27-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">RömppOnline: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://roempp.thieme.de/roempp4.0/do/data/RD-18-02130">Ruthenium</a>, pristupljeno 26. maja 2014</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-traa-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-traa_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFYvonne_Traa,_Jens_Weitkamp1998" class="citation journal cs1">Yvonne Traa, Jens Weitkamp (1998). 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Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifikator)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F14356007.a12_169.pub2">10.1002/14356007.a12_169.pub2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Gas+Production&rft.btitle=Ullmann%E2%80%99s+Encyclopedia+of+Industrial+Chemistry&rft.place=Weinheim&rft.pub=Wiley-VCH&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2F14356007.a12_169.pub2&rft.au=Heinz+Hiller&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3ARutenij" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error error citation-comment"><span class="cs1-visible-error error citation-comment">Eksplicitna upotreba et al. u: <code class="cs1-code">|author=</code> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pomo%C4%87:CS1_gre%C5%A1ke&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pomoć:CS1 greške (stranica ne postoji)">pomoć</a>)</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Maxa-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Maxa_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFMax_Appl2006" class="citation book cs1">Max Appl (2006). "Ammonia". <i>Ullmann’s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry</i>. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifikator)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F14356007.a02_143.pub2">10.1002/14356007.a02_143.pub2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ammonia&rft.btitle=Ullmann%E2%80%99s+Encyclopedia+of+Industrial+Chemistry&rft.place=Weinheim&rft.pub=Wiley-VCH&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2F14356007.a02_143.pub2&rft.au=Max+Appl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3ARutenij" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bielawa-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bielawa_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFHubert_Bielawa,_Olaf_Hinrichsen,_Alexander_Birkner,_Martin_Muhler2001" class="citation journal cs1">Hubert Bielawa, Olaf Hinrichsen, Alexander Birkner, Martin Muhler (2001). "Der Ammoniakkatalysator der nächsten Generation: Barium-promotiertes Ruthenium auf oxidischen Trägern". <i>Angewandte Chemie</i>. <b>113</b> (6): 1093–1096. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifikator)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F1521-3757%2820010316%29113%3A6%3C1093%3A%3AAID-ANGE10930%3E3.0.CO%3B2-3">10.1002/1521-3757(20010316)113:6<1093::AID-ANGE10930>3.0.CO;2-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Angewandte+Chemie&rft.atitle=Der+Ammoniakkatalysator+der+n%C3%A4chsten+Generation%3A+Barium-promotiertes+Ruthenium+auf+oxidischen+Tr%C3%A4gern&rft.volume=113&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=1093-1096&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2F1521-3757%2820010316%29113%3A6%3C1093%3A%3AAID-ANGE10930%3E3.0.CO%3B2-3&rft.au=Hubert+Bielawa%2C+Olaf+Hinrichsen%2C+Alexander+Birkner%2C+Martin+Muhler&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3ARutenij" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 održavanje: više imena: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Kategorija:CS1_odr%C5%BEavanje:_vi%C5%A1e_imena:_authors_list" title="Kategorija:CS1 održavanje: više imena: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kappert-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kappert_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFKarl_Eichner,_Heinrich_F._Kappert2005" class="citation book cs1">Karl Eichner, Heinrich F. Kappert (2005). <i>Zahnärztliche Werkstoffe und ihre Verarbeitung</i> (8 izd.). Stuttgart: Thieme. str. 93. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifikator)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Knji%C5%BEni_izvori/3-13-127148-5" title="Posebno:Knjižni izvori/3-13-127148-5"><bdi>3-13-127148-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Zahn%C3%A4rztliche+Werkstoffe+und+ihre+Verarbeitung&rft.place=Stuttgart&rft.pages=93&rft.edition=8&rft.pub=Thieme&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=3-13-127148-5&rft.au=Karl+Eichner%2C+Heinrich+F.+Kappert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3ARutenij" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rwschutz-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rwschutz_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFR._W._Schutz1996" class="citation journal cs1">R. W. Schutz (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924074426/http://www.platinummetalsreview.com/pdf/pmr-v40-i2-054-061.pdf">"Ruthenium Enhanced Titanium Alloys"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Platinum Metals Reviews</i>. <b>40</b> (2): 54–61. Arhivirano s <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.platinummetalsreview.com/pdf/pmr-v40-i2-054-061.pdf">originala</a> <span class="cs1-format">(pdf)</span>, 24. 9. 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pristupljeno 12. 6. 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Platinum+Metals+Reviews&rft.atitle=Ruthenium+Enhanced+Titanium+Alloys&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=54-61&rft.date=1996&rft.au=R.+W.+Schutz&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.platinummetalsreview.com%2Fpdf%2Fpmr-v40-i2-054-061.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3ARutenij" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Yutaka-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Yutaka_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3303350"><cite id="CITEREFYutaka_Koizumi2003" class="citation journal cs1">Yutaka Koizumi; et al. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nippon.zaidan.info/seikabutsu/2003/00916/pdf/igtc2003tokyo_ts119.pdf">"Development of a Next-Generation Ni-base Single Crystal Superalloy"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(pdf)</span>. <i>Proceedings of the International Gas Turbine Congress 2003 Tokyo</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+International+Gas+Turbine+Congress+2003+Tokyo&rft.atitle=Development+of+a+Next-Generation+Ni-base+Single+Crystal+Superalloy&rft.date=2003&rft.au=Yutaka+Koizumi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnippon.zaidan.info%2Fseikabutsu%2F2003%2F00916%2Fpdf%2Figtc2003tokyo_ts119.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3ARutenij" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error error citation-comment"><span class="cs1-visible-error error citation-comment">Eksplicitna upotreba et al. u: <code class="cs1-code">|author=</code> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pomo%C4%87:CS1_gre%C5%A1ke&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pomoć:CS1 greške (stranica ne postoji)">pomoć</a>)</span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vanjski_linkovi">Vanjski linkovi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rutenij&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Uredi odlomak "Vanjski linkovi"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rutenij&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Vanjski linkovi"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3627399">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3486241">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Commons logo"><img alt="Commons logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a><figcaption>Commons logo</figcaption></figure></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Po%C4%8Detna_strana" class="extiw" title="commons:Početna strana">Commons</a> ima datoteke na temu: <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ruthenium?uselang=bs">Rutenij </a></span></b></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.periodicvideos.com/videos/044.htm">Rutenij</a> na <i>The Periodic Table of Videos</i> (University of Nottingham)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160405094548/http://www.brightsurf.com/news/headlines/32014/nano-layer_of_ruthenium_stabilizes_magnetic_sensors.html">Nano-layer of ruthenium stabilizes magnetic sensors (Nano slojevi rutenija stabiliziraju magnetne senzore)</a></li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Periodni_sistem_elemenata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3312386">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output 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<td style="width:25px">  </td> <td style="width:25px">  </td> <td style="width:25px">  </td> <td style="width:25px">  </td> <td style="width:25px">  </td> <td style="width:25px">  </td> <td style="width:25px">  </td> <td style="width:25px">  </td> <td style="width:25px">  </td> <td style="width:25px">  </td> <td style="width:25px">  </td> <td style="width:25px">  </td> <td style="width:25px">  </td> <td style="width:25px">  </td> <td style="width:25px">  </td> <td style="width:25px">  </td> <td style="width:25px">  </td> <td style="width:25px">  </td> <td style="width:25px">  </td> <td style="width:25px">  </td> <td style="width:25px">  </td> <td style="width:25px">  </td> <td style="width:25px">  </td> <td style="width:25px">  </td> <td style="width:25px">  </td> <td style="width:25px">  </td> <td style="width:25px">  </td> <td style="width:25px">  </td> <td style="background-color:#C0DDDD; width:25px"><a href="/wiki/Helij" title="Helij">He</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FF6666"><a href="/wiki/Litij" title="Litij">Li</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFDEAD"><a href="/wiki/Berilij" title="Berilij">Be</a> </td> <td colspan="24">  </td> <td style="background-color:#CCCC99"><a href="/wiki/Bor_(element)" title="Bor (element)">B</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#A0DDA0"><a href="/wiki/Ugljik" title="Ugljik">C</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#A0DDA0"><a href="/wiki/Du%C5%A1ik" title="Dušik">N</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#A0DDA0"><a href="/wiki/Kisik" title="Kisik">O</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFDD00"><a href="/wiki/Fluor" title="Fluor">F</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#C0DDDD"><a href="/wiki/Neon" title="Neon">Ne</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FF6666"><a href="/wiki/Natrij" title="Natrij">Na</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFDEAD"><a href="/wiki/Magnezij" title="Magnezij">Mg</a> </td> <td colspan="24">  </td> <td style="background-color:#CCCCCC"><a href="/wiki/Aluminij" title="Aluminij">Al</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#CCCC99"><a href="/wiki/Silicij" title="Silicij">Si</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#A0DDA0"><a href="/wiki/Fosfor" title="Fosfor">P</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#A0DDA0"><a href="/wiki/Sumpor" title="Sumpor">S</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFDD00"><a href="/wiki/Hlor" title="Hlor">Cl</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#C0DDDD"><a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">Ar</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FF6666"><a href="/wiki/Kalij" title="Kalij">K</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFDEAD"><a href="/wiki/Kalcij" title="Kalcij">Ca</a> </td> <td colspan="14">  </td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Skandij" title="Skandij">Sc</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Titanij" title="Titanij">Ti</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Vanadij" title="Vanadij">V</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Hrom" title="Hrom">Cr</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan">Mn</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/%C5%BDeljezo" title="Željezo">Fe</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Kobalt" title="Kobalt">Co</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Nikl" title="Nikl">Ni</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Bakar" title="Bakar">Cu</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Cink" title="Cink">Zn</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#CCCCCC"><a href="/wiki/Galij" title="Galij">Ga</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#CCCC99"><a href="/wiki/Germanij" title="Germanij">Ge</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#CCCC99"><a href="/wiki/Arsen" title="Arsen">As</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#CCCC99"><a href="/wiki/Selen" title="Selen">Se</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFDD00"><a href="/wiki/Brom" title="Brom">Br</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#C0DDDD"><a href="/wiki/Kripton" title="Kripton">Kr</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FF6666"><a href="/wiki/Rubidij" title="Rubidij">Rb</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFDEAD"><a href="/wiki/Stroncij" title="Stroncij">Sr</a> </td> <td colspan="14">  </td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Itrij" title="Itrij">Y</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Cirkonij" title="Cirkonij">Zr</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Niobij" title="Niobij">Nb</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Molibden" title="Molibden">Mo</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Tehnecij" title="Tehnecij">Tc</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ru</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Rodij" title="Rodij">Rh</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Paladij" title="Paladij">Pd</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Srebro" title="Srebro">Ag</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Kadmij" title="Kadmij">Cd</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#CCCCCC"><a href="/wiki/Indij" title="Indij">In</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#CCCCCC"><a href="/wiki/Kalaj" title="Kalaj">Sn</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#CCCC99"><a href="/wiki/Antimon" title="Antimon">Sb</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#CCCC99"><a href="/wiki/Telur" title="Telur">Te</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFDD00"><a href="/wiki/Jod" title="Jod">I</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#C0DDDD"><a href="/wiki/Ksenon" title="Ksenon">Xe</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FF6666"><a href="/wiki/Cezij" title="Cezij">Cs</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFDEAD"><a href="/wiki/Barij" title="Barij">Ba</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFBFFF"><a href="/wiki/Lantan" title="Lantan">La</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFBFFF"><a href="/wiki/Cerij" title="Cerij">Ce</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFBFFF"><a href="/wiki/Prazeodij" title="Prazeodij">Pr</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFBFFF"><a href="/wiki/Neodij" title="Neodij">Nd</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFBFFF"><a href="/wiki/Prometij" title="Prometij">Pm</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFBFFF"><a href="/wiki/Samarij" title="Samarij">Sm</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFBFFF"><a href="/wiki/Europij" title="Europij">Eu</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFBFFF"><a href="/wiki/Gadolinij" title="Gadolinij">Gd</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFBFFF"><a href="/wiki/Terbij" title="Terbij">Tb</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFBFFF"><a href="/wiki/Disprozij" title="Disprozij">Dy</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFBFFF"><a href="/wiki/Holmij" title="Holmij">Ho</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFBFFF"><a href="/wiki/Erbij" title="Erbij">Er</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFBFFF"><a href="/wiki/Tulij" title="Tulij">Tm</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFBFFF"><a href="/wiki/Iterbij" title="Iterbij">Yb</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFBFFF"><a href="/wiki/Lutecij" title="Lutecij">Lu</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Hafnij" title="Hafnij">Hf</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Tantal" title="Tantal">Ta</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Volfram" title="Volfram">W</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Renij" title="Renij">Re</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Osmij" title="Osmij">Os</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Iridij" title="Iridij">Ir</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Platina" title="Platina">Pt</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Zlato" title="Zlato">Au</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/%C5%BDiva" title="Živa">Hg</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#CCCCCC"><a href="/wiki/Talij" title="Talij">Tl</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#CCCCCC"><a href="/wiki/Olovo" title="Olovo">Pb</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#CCCCCC"><a href="/wiki/Bizmut" title="Bizmut">Bi</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#CCCCCC"><a href="/wiki/Polonij" title="Polonij">Po</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFDD00"><a href="/wiki/Astat" title="Astat">At</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#C0DDDD"><a href="/wiki/Radon" title="Radon">Rn</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FF6666"><a href="/wiki/Francij" title="Francij">Fr</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFDEAD"><a href="/wiki/Radij" title="Radij">Ra</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FF99CC"><a href="/wiki/Aktinij" title="Aktinij">Ac</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FF99CC"><a href="/wiki/Torij" title="Torij">Th</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FF99CC"><a href="/wiki/Protaktinij" title="Protaktinij">Pa</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FF99CC"><a href="/wiki/Uranij" title="Uranij">U</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FF99CC"><a href="/wiki/Neptunij" title="Neptunij">Np</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FF99CC"><a href="/wiki/Plutonij" title="Plutonij">Pu</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FF99CC"><a href="/wiki/Americij" title="Americij">Am</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FF99CC"><a href="/wiki/Kirij" title="Kirij">Cm</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FF99CC"><a href="/wiki/Berkelij" title="Berkelij">Bk</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FF99CC"><a href="/wiki/Kalifornij" title="Kalifornij">Cf</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FF99CC"><a href="/wiki/Ajn%C5%A1tajnij" title="Ajnštajnij">Es</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FF99CC"><a href="/wiki/Fermij" title="Fermij">Fm</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FF99CC"><a href="/wiki/Mendelevij" title="Mendelevij">Md</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FF99CC"><a href="/wiki/Nobelij" title="Nobelij">No</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FF99CC"><a href="/wiki/Lorensij" title="Lorensij">Lr</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Raderfordij" title="Raderfordij">Rf</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Dubnij" title="Dubnij">Db</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Siborgij" title="Siborgij">Sg</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Borij" title="Borij">Bh</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Hasij" title="Hasij">Hs</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Majtnerij" title="Majtnerij">Mt</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Darm%C5%A1tatij" title="Darmštatij">Ds</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Rendgenij" title="Rendgenij">Rg</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Kopernicij" title="Kopernicij">Cn</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#CCCCCC"><a href="/wiki/Nihonij" title="Nihonij">Nh</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#CCCCCC"><a href="/wiki/Flerovij" title="Flerovij">Fl</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#CCCCCC"><a href="/wiki/Moskovij" title="Moskovij">Mc</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#CCCCCC"><a href="/wiki/Livermorij" title="Livermorij">Lv</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFDD00"><a href="/wiki/Tenesin" title="Tenesin">Ts</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#C0DDDD"><a href="/wiki/Oganeson" title="Oganeson">Og</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FF6666"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ununenij&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ununenij (stranica ne postoji)">Uue</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFDEAD"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unbinilij&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Unbinilij (stranica ne postoji)">Ubn</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> 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