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Zafarullah Khan</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Muhammad Zafarullah Khan"> <meta name="keywords" content="Muhammad Zafarullah Khan"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Muhammad Zafarullah Khan"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 1948</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Muhammad Zafarullah Khan</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1948</span> Assessment of the Professional Competencies of Agriculture Officers in North West Frontier Province (NWFP), Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Zafarullah%20Khan">Muhammad Zafarullah Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khalid%20Nawab"> Khalid Nawab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shahid%20Ali"> Shahid Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mubashir%20Habib"> Mubashir Habib</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shakirullah%20Khan"> Shakirullah Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sajjad%20Ahmad"> Sajjad Ahmad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Javid%20Ullah"> Javid Ullah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ikramul%20Haq"> Ikramul Haq</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Professionally competent Agriculture Officers (AOs) can play an important role in the development of agriculture in the country. This study was conducted in North West Frontier Province (NWFP) (Pakistan) to assess professional competencies of Agriculture Officers (AOs) in January 2007. Data were collected from all (112) AOs through a mailed questionnaire. The study examines existing level of professional competencies of AOs and the required level of possessed competencies needed by them for their job performance in the areas of participatory extension methodologies. Both the possessed and required levels of competencies were scaled from 1-5 on Liker scale, 1 being very low and 5 being very high. . The study revealed a numerical difference between possessed and required levels regarding the professional competencies of the participatory extension methodology. It was also observed that higher levels of job experience increase the professional competencies in participatory extension methodology. It is recommended that periodic training and refresher courses are arranged for AOs so that their learning may become more practicable to diffuse agricultural innovations among members of participatory learning groups and convey modern technologies to the end users. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=professional%20competency" title="professional competency">professional competency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agriculture%20officers" title=" agriculture officers"> agriculture officers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=assessment%20and%20participatory%20extension%20methodology" title=" assessment and participatory extension methodology"> assessment and participatory extension methodology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=participatory%20extension" title=" participatory extension"> participatory extension</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45668/assessment-of-the-professional-competencies-of-agriculture-officers-in-north-west-frontier-province-nwfp-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45668.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">339</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1947</span> Male Oreochromis mossambica as Indicator for Water Pollution with Trace Elements in Relation to Condition Factor from Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Naeem">Muhammad Naeem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Syed%20M.%20Moeen-ud-Din%20Raheel"> Syed M. Moeen-ud-Din Raheel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Arshad"> Muhammad Arshad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Naeem%20Qaisar"> Muhammad Naeem Qaisar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Khalid"> Muhammad Khalid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Zubair%20Ahmed"> Muhammad Zubair Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Ashraf"> Muhammad Ashraf </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Iron, Copper, Cadmium, Zinc, Manganese, Chromium levels were estimated to study the risk of trace elements on human consumption. The area of collection was Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan and was evaluated by means of flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The standards find in favor of the six heavy metals were in accordance with the threshold edge concentrations on behalf of fish meat obligatory by European and other international normative. Regressions were achieved for both size (length and weight) and condition factor with concentrations of metal present in the fish body. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oreochromis%20mossambica" title="Oreochromis mossambica">Oreochromis mossambica</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=toxic%20analysis" title=" toxic analysis"> toxic analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=body%20size" title=" body size"> body size</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=condition%20factor" title=" condition factor"> condition factor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40825/male-oreochromis-mossambica-as-indicator-for-water-pollution-with-trace-elements-in-relation-to-condition-factor-from-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40825.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">584</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1946</span> Experimental Lead Toxicity in Lohi Sheep: Risks and Impact on Edible Tissues</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Younus">Muhammad Younus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Sajid"> Muhammad Sajid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muti-ur-Rehman%20Khan"> Muti-ur-Rehman Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aftab%20Ahmad%20Anjum"> Aftab Ahmad Anjum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Asif%20Idrees"> Muhammad Asif Idrees</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iahtasham%20Khan"> Iahtasham Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aman%20Ullah%20Khan"> Aman Ullah Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sajid%20Umar"> Sajid Umar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raheela%20Akhtar"> Raheela Akhtar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present study was conducted to investigate the hazardous effects of lead on health and edible organs of Lohi sheep. The adult Lohi sheep (n=48) were randomly divided into two equal groups. The first group was administered lead acetate at dose of 70 mg/kg live body weight daily as 10% solution by oral route for a period of 90 days and the second group served as a negative control. Blood and tissue samples were collected at day 0, 30, 60 and 90 and analyzed for lead concentration by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The kidney showed the highest lead concentration (p < 0.05) followed by liver and then muscle. Lead acetate treated sheep showed structural and behavioral changes during the last month of trial. Liver showed necrosis, hemorrhages and hyperactivation of macrophages. Kidney showed degenerative and necrotic changes in glomeruli and tubules and the characteristic intranuclear inclusion bodies in tubular epithelial cells on H and E staining. It was concluded that Lohi sheep is affected by lead intoxication at low dose for longer period and hence exhibits lead accumulation in edible tissues. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lohi%20sheep" title="Lohi sheep">Lohi sheep</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lead%20acetate" title=" lead acetate"> lead acetate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=edible%20tissue" title=" edible tissue"> edible tissue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=histopathology" title=" histopathology"> histopathology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68559/experimental-lead-toxicity-in-lohi-sheep-risks-and-impact-on-edible-tissues" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68559.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">455</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1945</span> Soil and Environmental Management Awareness as Professional Competency of the Agricultural Extension Officers for Their Plans Implementation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Zafarullah%20Khan">Muhammad Zafarullah Khan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Agricultural Extension Officers’ (AEOs) competency level in soil and environmental management awareness is important for interacting with farming communities of different types of soil. Questionnaire was developed for all AEOs for data collection to know the present position and needed position of competency on Likert scale from 01-05 by assigning very low (01) and very high (05). Wide gap was found in competency of suitability of various soil types for horticultural and agronomic crops and reclamation of saline soil. We observed that suitability ranking of various soil types for horticultural crops (Diff. = 1.21), agronomic crops (Diff. = 1.20) and soil borne diseases (Diff. = 1.19) were the top three important competencies where training or improvement is needed. To better fill this gap we recommend that professional qualification of AEOs should be enhanced and training opportunities should be provided to them particularly to deal with soil and environmental management awareness. Thus training opportunities may increase their competency and will add highly skilled manpower to the system for sustainable development to protect environment. It is therefore, recommended that AEOs may be provided pre and in service trainings of soil environmental management in order to equip them with a capacity to work with farming community effectively to boost the living standard of farming community and alleviate poverty for environmental protection. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=professional%20competency" title="professional competency">professional competency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agricultural%20extension%20officers" title=" agricultural extension officers"> agricultural extension officers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20and%20environmental%20management%20awareness" title=" soil and environmental management awareness"> soil and environmental management awareness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plans%20implementation" title=" plans implementation"> plans implementation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8961/soil-and-environmental-management-awareness-as-professional-competency-of-the-agricultural-extension-officers-for-their-plans-implementation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8961.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">392</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1944</span> Automated Heart Sound Classification from Unsegmented Phonocardiogram Signals Using Time Frequency Features</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nadia%20Masood%20Khan">Nadia Masood Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Salman%20Khan"> Muhammad Salman Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gul%20Muhammad%20Khan"> Gul Muhammad Khan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cardiologists perform cardiac auscultation to detect abnormalities in heart sounds. Since accurate auscultation is a crucial first step in screening patients with heart diseases, there is a need to develop computer-aided detection/diagnosis (CAD) systems to assist cardiologists in interpreting heart sounds and provide second opinions. In this paper different algorithms are implemented for automated heart sound classification using unsegmented phonocardiogram (PCG) signals. Support vector machine (SVM), artificial neural network (ANN) and cartesian genetic programming evolved artificial neural network (CGPANN) without the application of any segmentation algorithm has been explored in this study. The signals are first pre-processed to remove any unwanted frequencies. Both time and frequency domain features are then extracted for training the different models. The different algorithms are tested in multiple scenarios and their strengths and weaknesses are discussed. Results indicate that SVM outperforms the rest with an accuracy of 73.64%. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pattern%20recognition" title="pattern recognition">pattern recognition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=machine%20learning" title=" machine learning"> machine learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computer%20aided%20diagnosis" title="computer aided diagnosis">computer aided diagnosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heart%20sound%20classification" title=" heart sound classification"> heart sound classification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=and%20feature%20extraction" title=" and feature extraction"> and feature extraction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95434/automated-heart-sound-classification-from-unsegmented-phonocardiogram-signals-using-time-frequency-features" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95434.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">263</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1943</span> Effect of Farmers Field School on Vegetables Production in District Peshawar Khyber Pakhtunkhwa-Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Zafarullah%20Khan">Muhammad Zafarullah Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sumeera%20Abbasi"> Sumeera Abbasi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Farmers Field School (FFS) aims at benefiting poor farmers by improving their knowledge of existing agricultural technologies and integrated crop management to become independent and confident in their decision. The study on effect of farmer’s field school on vegetables production before and after FFS implementation in district Peshawar in four selected villages on each crop in 2011 was conducted from 80 farmers. The results were compared by using paired t-test. It was observed that 80% of the respondents were satisfied with FFS approach as there was a significant increase in vegetable production. The seed rate of tomato and cucumber decreased from 0.185kg/kanal to 0.1 kg/ kanal and 0.120kg/kanal to 0.01kg/kanal while production of tomato and cucumber were increased from 8158.75kgs/kanal to 1030.25kgs/kanal and 3230kgs/kanal to 5340kgs/kanal, respectively after the activities of FFS. FFS brought a positive effect on vegetable production and technology adoption improving their income, skills and knowledge ultimately lead farmers towards empowerment. The input cost including seed, crop management, FYM, and weedicides for tomato were reduced by Rs.28, Rs. 3170 and Rs.658 and cucumber reduced by Rs.35, Rs.570 and Rs.430. Only fertilizers cost was increased by Rs. 2200 in case of tomato and 465 in case of cucumber. FFS facilitator and coordinator should be more skilled and practical oriented to facilitate poor farmers. In light of the above study, more FFS should be planned so that the more farmers should be benefited. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=effect" title="effect">effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=farmer%20field%20school" title=" farmer field school"> farmer field school</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vegetables%20production" title=" vegetables production"> vegetables production</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=integrated%20crop%20management" title=" integrated crop management"> integrated crop management</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8833/effect-of-farmers-field-school-on-vegetables-production-in-district-peshawar-khyber-pakhtunkhwa-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8833.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">395</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1942</span> Studying the Impact of Farmers Field School on Vegetable Production in Peshawar District of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province of Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Zafarullah%20Khan">Muhammad Zafarullah Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sumeera%20Abbasi"> Sumeera Abbasi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Farmers Field School (FFS) learning approach aims to improve knowledge of the farmers through integrated crop management and provide leadership in their decision making process. The study was conducted to assess the impact of FFS on vegetables production before and after FFS intervention in four villages of district Peshawar in cropping season 2012, by interviewing 80 FFS respondents, twenty from each selected village. It was observed from the study results that all the respondents were satisfied from the impact of FFS and they informed an increased in production in vegetables. It was further observed that after the implementation of FFS the sowing seed rate of tomato and cucumber were decreased from 0.185kg/kanal to 0.100 kg/ kanal and 0.120kg/kanal to 0.010kg/kanal where as the production of tomato and cucumber were increased from 8158.75kgs/kanal to 10302. 5kgs/kanal and 3230kgs/kanal to 5340kgs/kanal, respectively. The cost of agriculture inputs per kanal including seed cost, crop management, Farm Yard Manure, and weedicides in case of tomato were reduced by Rs.28, Rs. 3170, Rs.658and Rs 205 whereas in cucumber reduced by Rs.35, Rs.570, Rs 80 and Rs.430 respectively. Only fertilizers cost was increased by Rs. 2200 in case of tomato and Rs 465 in case of cucumber. Overall the cost was reduced to Rs 545 in tomato and Rs 490 in cucumber production.FFS provided a healthy vegetables and also reduced input cost by adopting integrated crop management. Therefore the promotion of FFS is needed to be planned for farmers to reduce cost of production, so that the more farmers should be benefited. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=impact" title="impact">impact</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=farmer%20field%20schools" title=" farmer field schools"> farmer field schools</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vegetable%20production" title=" vegetable production"> vegetable production</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peshawar%20Khyber%20Pakhtunkhwa" title=" Peshawar Khyber Pakhtunkhwa"> Peshawar Khyber Pakhtunkhwa</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8571/studying-the-impact-of-farmers-field-school-on-vegetable-production-in-peshawar-district-of-khyber-pakhtunkhwa-province-of-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8571.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">256</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1941</span> Ecological Investigations for the Control of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) in the Selected Study Districts of Punjab, Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Sohail%20Sajid">Muhammad Sohail Sajid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Abdullah%20Malik"> Muhammad Abdullah Malik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Saqib"> Muhammad Saqib</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faiz%20Ahmad%20Raza"> Faiz Ahmad Raza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Waseem%20Akram"> Waseem Akram</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Aedes (Ae.) aegypti, the vector of pathogens of one health significance, has gained currency over the last decade. The present study reports the prevalence of A. aegypti larvae in indoor and outdoor niches from the three districts of different agro-geo-climatic zones of Punjab, including Chakwal (north), Faisalabad (central), and Dera Ghazi Khan (south). Mosquito larvae were collected, preserved, and transferred for identification. The relevant data were collected on a predesigned questionnaire. Stegomyia indices, including House Index (HI), Breteau Index (BI), and Container Index (CI), were calculated. The association of different breeding containers with the prevalence of Ae. aegypti larvae were estimated through Chi-square analysis. The highest Stegomyia indices were calculated in Chakwal (HI = 46.61%, BI = 91.67%, and CI = 15.28%) as compared to Faisalabad (HI = 34.11%, BI = 68.75% and, CI = 13.04%) and DG Khan (HI = 28.39%, BI = 68.23% and, CI = 11.29%), respectively. Irrespective of the geographical area, earthen jars, water tanks, and tree holes were found to be significantly associated (p < 0.05) with the abundance of Ae. aegypti larvae. However, tires and plastic bottles in Faisalabad and DG Khan while flower tubs and plastic buckets in Faisalabad and Chakwal were found to be significantly associated (p < 0.05) with the larval abundance. The results are a maiden attempt to correlate the magnitude of Ae. aegypti larvae in various microclimatic niches of Punjab, Pakistan, which might help in policy-making for preventive management of the menace. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aedes%20aegypti" title="Aedes aegypti">Aedes aegypti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ecology" title=" ecology"> ecology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=breeding%20habitats" title=" breeding habitats"> breeding habitats</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stegomyia%20indices" title=" Stegomyia indices"> Stegomyia indices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=breeding%20containers" title=" breeding containers"> breeding containers</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155110/ecological-investigations-for-the-control-of-aedes-aegypti-diptera-culicidae-in-the-selected-study-districts-of-punjab-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155110.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">120</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1940</span> Antiprotozoal Activity of Peganum harmala against Babesiosis in Cattle</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Mustafa%20Jafar">Muhammad Mustafa Jafar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Syed%20Ashar%20Mahfooz"> Syed Ashar Mahfooz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Ejaz%20Saleem"> Muhammad Ejaz Saleem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Asif%20Raza"> Muhammad Asif Raza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asghar%20Abbas"> Asghar Abbas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rao%20Zahid%20Abbas"> Rao Zahid Abbas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Kasib%20Khan"> Muhammad Kasib Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hafiz%20Muhammad%20Ishaq"> Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Babesia gradually attained resistance against the synthetic medicines. To overcome the drug resistance, herbal therapy has gained more attention as compared to allopathic therapy. Peganumharmala (harmal) is a plant which has shown effective results against various protozoal diseases. Therefore, the present study was planned to monitor the efficacy of Peganumharmala (aqueous extract) against Babesiosis in cattle. For this purpose, a total of forty (n=40) infected animals were randomly divided into four equal groups (A, B, C, and D). Group A was treated with aqueous extract of Peganum harmala at 7.5 mg/kg, group B at 10 mg/kg and group C at 12.5 mg/kg of body weight. Group D served as a control group (normal). It was observed that there was a stabilization in hematological parameters (white and red blood cells, hemoglobin and Packed cell volume) in infected animals treated with Peganum harmala at different doses. Results of this study hence indicated that Peganum harmala extract at 12.5mg/kg BW is more effective against Babesiosis than lower doses. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Babesiosis" title="Babesiosis">Babesiosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cattle" title=" cattle"> cattle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=control" title=" control"> control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peganum%20harmala" title=" Peganum harmala"> Peganum harmala</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98101/antiprotozoal-activity-of-peganum-harmala-against-babesiosis-in-cattle" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98101.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">285</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1939</span> Minimum Half Power Beam Width and Side Lobe Level Reduction of Linear Antenna Array Using Particle Swarm Optimization</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saeed%20Ur%20Rahman">Saeed Ur Rahman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naveed%20Ullah"> Naveed Ullah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Irshad%20Khan"> Muhammad Irshad Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Quensheng%20Cao"> Quensheng Cao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Niaz%20Muhammad%20Khan"> Niaz Muhammad Khan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper the optimization performance of non-uniform linear antenna array is presented. The Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm is presented to minimize Side Lobe Level (SLL) and Half Power Beamwidth (HPBW). The purpose of using the PSO algorithm is to get the optimum values for inter-element spacing and excitation amplitude of linear antenna array that provides a radiation pattern with minimum SLL and HPBW. Various design examples are considered and the obtain results using PSO are confirmed by comparing with results achieved using other nature inspired metaheuristic algorithms such as real coded genetic algorithm (RGA) and biogeography (BBO) algorithm. The comparative results show that optimization of linear antenna array using the PSO provides considerable enhancement in the SLL and HPBW. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linear%20antenna%20array" title="linear antenna array">linear antenna array</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=minimum%20side%20lobe%20level" title=" minimum side lobe level"> minimum side lobe level</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=narrow%20half%20power%20beamwidth" title=" narrow half power beamwidth"> narrow half power beamwidth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=particle%20swarm%20optimization" title=" particle swarm optimization"> particle swarm optimization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76942/minimum-half-power-beam-width-and-side-lobe-level-reduction-of-linear-antenna-array-using-particle-swarm-optimization" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76942.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">552</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1938</span> Deposition of Diamond Like Carbon Thin Film by Pulse Laser Deposition for Surgical Instruments</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Khalid%20Alamgir">M. Khalid Alamgir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Javed%20Ahsan%20Bhatti"> Javed Ahsan Bhatti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Zafarullah%20Khan"> M. Zafarullah Khan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Thin film of amorphous carbon (DLC) was deposited on 316 steel using Nd: YAG laser having energy 300mJ. Pure graphite was used as a target. The vacuum in the deposition chamber was generated in the range of 10-6 mbar by turbo molecular pump. Ratio of sp3 to sp2 content shows amorphous nature of the film. This was confirmed by Raman spectra having two peaks around 1300 cm-1 i.e. D-band to 1700 cm-1 i.e. G-band. If sp3 bonding ratio is high, the films behave like diamond-like whereas, with high sp2, films are graphite-like. The ratio of sp3 and sp2 contents in the film depends upon the deposition method, hydrogen contents and system parameters. The structural study of the film was carried out by XRD. The hardness of the films as measured by Vickers hardness tester and was found to be 28 GPa. The EDX result shows the presence of carbon contents on the surface in high rate and optical microscopy result shows the smoothness of the film on substrate. The film possesses good adhesion and can be used to coat surgical instruments. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DLC" title="DLC">DLC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thin%20film" title=" thin film"> thin film</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raman%20spectroscopy" title=" Raman spectroscopy"> Raman spectroscopy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=XRD" title=" XRD"> XRD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EDX" title=" EDX"> EDX</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29422/deposition-of-diamond-like-carbon-thin-film-by-pulse-laser-deposition-for-surgical-instruments" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29422.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">564</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1937</span> Fabrication of ZnO Nanorods Based Biosensor via Hydrothermal Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Tariq">Muhammad Tariq</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jafar%20Khan%20Kasi"> Jafar Khan Kasi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samiullah"> Samiullah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ajab%20Khan%20Kasi"> Ajab Khan Kasi </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Biosensors are playing vital role in industrial, clinical, and chemical analysis applications. Among other techniques, ZnO based biosensor is an easy approach due to its exceptional chemical and electrical properties. ZnO nanorods have positively charged isoelectric point which helps immobilize the negative charge glucose oxides (GOx). Here, we report ZnO nanorods based biosensors for the immobilization of GOx. The ZnO nanorods were grown by hydrothermal method on indium tin oxide substrate (ITO). The fabrication of biosensors was carried through batch processing using conventional photolithography. The buffer solutions of GOx were prepared in phosphate with a pH value of around 7.3. The biosensors effectively immobilized the GOx and result was analyzed by calculation of voltage and current on nanostructures. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrothermal%20growth" title="hydrothermal growth">hydrothermal growth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sol-gel" title=" sol-gel"> sol-gel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zinc%20dioxide" title=" zinc dioxide"> zinc dioxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biosensors" title=" biosensors"> biosensors</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97617/fabrication-of-zno-nanorods-based-biosensor-via-hydrothermal-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97617.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">301</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1936</span> A New Genus Longicheles (Acari: Mesostigmata: Macrochelidae) for Pakistan Fauna from Punjab, Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Asif%20Qayyoum">Muhammad Asif Qayyoum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bilal%20Saeed%20Khan"> Bilal Saeed Khan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Macrochelid mites are poorly studied from the planes of Punjab, Pakistan. The study was conducted as a part of PhD thesis research partially funded by the Royal Society of Entomology, UK. The genus Longicheles was first time reported from the Pakistan. Samples were collected on the monthly basis from different districts of Punjab province, Pakistan. The genus Longicheles was frequently found from five districts (Faisalabad, Dera Ghazi Khan, Jhung, Layyah, and Rajanpur) of Punjab province. Taxonomic studies were performed in Acarology Lab., Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad with slide deposition. Taxonomic work was performed by using Phase contrast microscope and adobe illustrator (drawings) for finishing of picture. The detail descriptions of two (Longicheles mandibularis and Longicheles hortorum) females are given along with diagrams and key. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=macrochelidae" title="macrochelidae">macrochelidae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=longicheles" title=" longicheles"> longicheles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=new%20records" title=" new records"> new records</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Punjab" title=" Punjab"> Punjab</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44007/a-new-genus-longicheles-acari-mesostigmata-macrochelidae-for-pakistan-fauna-from-punjab-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44007.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">409</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1935</span> Critical Discourse Analysis of Political TV Talk Show of Pakistani Media </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sumaira%20Saleem">Sumaira Saleem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sajjad%20Hussain"> Sajjad Hussain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asma%20Kashif%20Shahzad"> Asma Kashif Shahzad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hina%20Shaheen"> Hina Shaheen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study aims at exploring the relationship between language and ideology and how such relationships are represented in the analysis of spoken texts, following Van Dijk’s Socio Cognitive Model (2002). In this study, it is tried to show that political Talk shows broadcast by Private TV channels are working apparatuses of ideology and store meanings which are not always obvious for readers. This analysis was about the situation created by Arslan Iftkhar, the son of ex-Chief Justice of Pakistan, Iftikhar Muhammad Chaudry and PTI Chief Imran Khan. Arslan Iftikhar submitted an application against Imran Khan that he is not able to become a member of parliament of Pakistan. In the application, he demanded the documents, which are submitted by Imran Khan at the time of Election to the Election Commission of Pakistan. Murad Ali from PTI also submitted an application against PM Nawaz Sharif to the Election Commission of Pakistan for providing the copies. It also suggests that these talk shows mystify the agency of processes by using various strategies. In other words, critical text analyses reveal how these choices enable speakers to manipulate the realizations of agency and power in the representation of action to produce particular meanings which are not always explicit for all readers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ECP" title="ECP">ECP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CDA" title=" CDA"> CDA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=socio%20cognitive%20model" title=" socio cognitive model"> socio cognitive model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ideology" title=" ideology"> ideology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TV%20channels" title=" TV channels"> TV channels</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power" title=" power"> power</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17046/critical-discourse-analysis-of-political-tv-talk-show-of-pakistani-media" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17046.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">738</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1934</span> Non-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs, Plant Extracts, and Characterized Microparticles to Modulate Antimicrobial Resistance of Epidemic Meca Positive S. Aureus of Dairy Origin</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amjad%20I.%20Aqib">Amjad I. Aqib</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shanza%20R.%20Khan"> Shanza R. Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tanveer%20Ahmad"> Tanveer Ahmad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Syed%20A.%20R.%20Shah"> Syed A. R. Shah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20A.%20Naseer"> Muhammad A. Naseer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Shoaib"> Muhammad Shoaib</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iqra%20Sarwar"> Iqra Sarwar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20F.%20A.%20Kulyar"> Muhammad F. A. Kulyar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zeeshan%20A.%20Bhutta"> Zeeshan A. Bhutta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mumtaz%20A.%20Khan"> Mumtaz A. Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahboob%20Ali"> Mahboob Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khadija%20Yasmeen"> Khadija Yasmeen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The current study focused on resistance modulation of dairy linked epidemic mec A positive S. aureus for resistance modulation by plant extract (Eucalyptus globolus, Calotropis procera), NSAIDs, and star like microparticles. Zinc oxide {ZnO}c and {Zn (OH)₂} microparticles were synthesized by solvothermal method and characterized by calcination, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Plant extracts were prepared by the Soxhlet extraction method. The study found 34% of subclinical samples (n=200) positive for S. aureus from dairy milk having significant (p < 0.05) association of assumed risk factors with pathogen. The antimicrobial assay showed 55, 42, 41, and 41% of S. aureus resistant to oxacillin, ciprofloxacin, streptomycin, and enoxacin. Amoxicillin showed the highest percentage of increase in zone of inhibitions (ZOI) at 100mg of Calotropis procera extract (31.29%) followed by 1mg/mL (28.91%) and 10mg/mL (21.68%) of Eucalyptus globolus. Amoxicillin increased ZOI by 42.85, 37.32, 29.05, and 22.78% in combination with 500 ug/ml with each of diclofenac, aspirin, ibuprofen, and meloxicam, respectively. Fractional inhibitory concentration indices (FICIs) showed synergism of amoxicillin with diclofenac and aspirin and indifferent synergy with ibuprofen and meloxicam. The preliminary in vitro finding of combination of microparticles with amoxicillin proved to be synergistic, giving rise to 26.74% and 14.85% increase in ZOI of amoxicillin in combination with zinc oxide and zinc hydroxide, respectively. The modulated antimicrobial resistance incurred by NSAIDs, plant extracts, and microparticles against pathogenic S. aureus invite immediate attention to probe alternative antimicrobial sources. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antimicrobial%20resistance" title="antimicrobial resistance">antimicrobial resistance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dairy%20milk" title=" dairy milk"> dairy milk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanoparticles" title=" nanoparticles"> nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NSIDs" title=" NSIDs"> NSIDs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plant%20extracts" title=" plant extracts"> plant extracts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resistance%20modulation" title=" resistance modulation"> resistance modulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20aureus" title=" S. aureus"> S. aureus</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129936/non-steroidal-anti-inflammatory-drugs-plant-extracts-and-characterized-microparticles-to-modulate-antimicrobial-resistance-of-epidemic-meca-positive-s-aureus-of-dairy-origin" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129936.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">212</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1933</span> Efficacy of Microbial Metabolites Obtained from Saccharomyces cerevisiae as Supplement for Quality Milk Production in Dairy Cows</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sajjad%20ur%20Rahman">Sajjad ur Rahman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mariam%20Azam"> Mariam Azam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mukarram%20Bashir"> Mukarram Bashir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seemal%20Javaid"> Seemal Javaid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aoun%20Muhammad"> Aoun Muhammad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Tahir"> Muhammad Tahir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jawad"> Jawad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hannan%20Khan"> Hannan Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Zohaib"> Muhammad Zohaib</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Partially fermented soya hulls and wheat bran through Saccharomyces cerevisiae (DL-22 S/N) substantiated as a natural source for quality milk production. Saccharomyces cerevisiae (DL-22 S/N) were grown under in-vivo conditions and processed through two-step fermentation with substrates. The extra pure metabolites (XPM) were dried and processed for maintaining 1mm mesh size particles for supplementation of pelleted feed. Two groups of a cow (Holstein Friesian) having 8 animals of similar age and lactation were given the experimental concentrates. Group A was fed daily with 12gm of XPM and 22% protein-pelleted feed, while Group B was provided with no metabolites in their feed. In thirty-nine days of trial, improvement in the overall health, body score, milk protein, milk fat, ash, and solid not fat (SNF), yield, and incidence rate of mastitis was observed. The collected data revealed an improvement in milk production of 2.02 liter/h/d. However, a reduction (3.75%) in the milk fats and an increase in the milk SNF was around 0.58%. The ash content ranged between 6.4-7.5%. The incidence of mastitis was reduced to less than 2%. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microbial%20metabolites" title="microbial metabolites">microbial metabolites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saccharomyces%20cerevisiae" title=" Saccharomyces cerevisiae"> Saccharomyces cerevisiae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=milk%20production" title=" milk production"> milk production</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fermentation" title=" fermentation"> fermentation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=post-biotic%20metabolites" title=" post-biotic metabolites"> post-biotic metabolites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immunity" title=" immunity"> immunity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165949/efficacy-of-microbial-metabolites-obtained-from-saccharomyces-cerevisiae-as-supplement-for-quality-milk-production-in-dairy-cows" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165949.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">92</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1932</span> Extraction of Inulin from Cichorium Intybus and Its Application as Fat Replacer in Yoghurt</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hafiz%20Khuram%20Wasim%20Aslam">Hafiz Khuram Wasim Aslam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Saeed"> Muhammad Saeed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Azam%20Shakeel"> Azam Shakeel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Inam%20Ur%20Raheem"> Muhammad Inam Ur Raheem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Moazzam%20Rafiq%20Khan"> Moazzam Rafiq Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Atif%20Randhawa"> Muhammad Atif Randhawa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Inulin is significant ingredient used in food industry that functions technologically as a fat replacer often without compromising taste and texture. In this study inulin was extracted from the chicory roots and the effect of inulin addition as a fat replacer on the physiochemical, microbiological and sensory properties of non-fat yogurt was investigated. The supplementation of chicory inulin reduced the magnitude of firmness in comparison with non-inulin ¬supplemented non-fat yoghurt. Higher values of acidity were observed due to the more microbial fermentation in the inulin containing yogurt as compared to non-inulin yogurt and were in the range of 0.56 to 0.75 during storage days. Syneresis in control sample increased from 43.9% to 47.9% during the storage study. However inulin addition at different treatment enhanced syneresis from 44.5% to 47.6%. Inulin addition at various concentrations caused an increase in the TPC due to its probiotic effect. No effects of inuline addition on fat and protein contents were observed. Non-fat yoghurt supplemented with inulin demonstrated sensory behavior better than that of the control yoghurt. The most important effect of the addition of inulin to non-fat yoghurt is an increase in the sensory attributes appearance, body and texture, taste and mouth feel, overall acceptability. On an average, yoghurt supplemented with 1 to 2% inulin was better in overall acceptance as compared to control yoghurt. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inulin" title="inulin">inulin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fat%20replacer" title=" fat replacer"> fat replacer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=yoghurt" title=" yoghurt"> yoghurt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sensory%20evaluation" title=" sensory evaluation"> sensory evaluation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20fat" title=" low fat"> low fat</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23498/extraction-of-inulin-from-cichorium-intybus-and-its-application-as-fat-replacer-in-yoghurt" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23498.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">592</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1931</span> Assessment of Attractency of Bactrocera Zonata and Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera:Tephritidae) to Different Biolure Phagostimulant-Mixtures</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Dildar%20Gogi">Muhammad Dildar Gogi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Jalal%20Arif"> Muhammad Jalal Arif</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Junaid%20Nisar"> Muhammad Junaid Nisar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mubashir%20Iqbal"> Mubashir Iqbal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Waleed%20Afzal%20Naveed"> Waleed Afzal Naveed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Ahsan%20Khan"> Muhammad Ahsan Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20Nawaz"> Ahmad Nawaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Sufian"> Muhammad Sufian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Arshad"> Muhammad Arshad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amna%20Jalal">Amna Jalal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fruit flies of Bactrocera genus cause heavy losses in fruits and vegetables globally and insecticide-application for their control creates issues of ecological backlash, environmental pollution, and food safety. There is need to explore alternatives and food-baits application is considered safe for the environment and effective for fruit fly management. Present experiment was carried out to assess the attractancy of five phagostimulant-Mixtures (PHS-Mix) prepared by mixing banana-squash, mulberry, protein-hydrolysate and molasses with some phagostimulant-lure sources including beef extract, fish extract, yeast, starch, rose oil, casein and cedar oil in five different ratios i.e., PHS-Mix-1 (1 part of all ingredients), PHS-Mix-2 (1 part of banana with 0.75 parts of all other ingredients), PHS-Mix-3 (1 part of banana with 0.5 parts of all other ingredients), PHS-Mix-4 (1 part of banana with 0.25 parts of all other ingredients) and PHS-Mix-5 (1 part of banana with 0.125 parts of all other ingredients). These were evaluated in comparison with a standard (GF-120). PHS-Mix-4 demonstrated 40.5±1.3-46.2±1.6% AI for satiated flies (class-II i.e., moderately attractive) and 59.5±2.0-68.6±3.0% AI for starved flies (class-III i.e., highly attractive) for both B. dorsalis and B. zonata in olfactometric study while the same exhibited 51.2±0.53% AI (class-III i.e., highly attractive) for B. zonata and 45.4±0.89% AI (class-II i.e., moderately attractive) for B. dorsalis in field study. PHS-Mix-1 proved non-attractive (class-I) and moderately attractive (class-II) phagostimulant in olfactometer and field studies, respectively. PHS-Mix-2 exhibited moderate attractiveness for starved lots in olfactometer and field-lot in field studies. PHS-Mix-5 proved non-attractive to starved and satiated lots of B. zonata and B. dorsalis females in olfactometer and field studies. Overall PHS-Mix-4 proved better phagostimulant-mixture followed by PHS-Mix-3 which was categorized as class-II (moderately attractive) phagostimulant for starved and satiated lots of female flies of both species in olfactometer and field studies; hence these can be exploited for fruit fly management. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attractive%20index" title="attractive index">attractive index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=field%20conditions" title=" field conditions"> field conditions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=olfactometer" title=" olfactometer"> olfactometer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tephritid%20flies" title=" Tephritid flies"> Tephritid flies</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97306/assessment-of-attractency-of-bactrocera-zonata-and-bactrocera-dorsalis-dipteratephritidae-to-different-biolure-phagostimulant-mixtures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97306.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">249</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1930</span> A Next Generation Multi-Scale Modeling Theatre for in silico Oncology</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Safee%20Chaudhary">Safee Chaudhary</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahnoor%20Naseer%20Gondal"> Mahnoor Naseer Gondal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hira%20Anees%20Awan"> Hira Anees Awan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdul%20Rehman"> Abdul Rehman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ammar%20Arif"> Ammar Arif</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Risham%20Hussain"> Risham Hussain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Huma%20Khawar"> Huma Khawar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zainab%20Arshad"> Zainab Arshad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Faizyab%20Ali%20Chaudhary"> Muhammad Faizyab Ali Chaudhary</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Waleed%20Ahmed"> Waleed Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Umer%20Sultan"> Muhammad Umer Sultan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bibi%20Amina"> Bibi Amina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salaar%20Khan"> Salaar Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Moaz%20Ahmad"> Muhammad Moaz Ahmad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Osama%20Shiraz%20Shah"> Osama Shiraz Shah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hadia%20Hameed"> Hadia Hameed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Farooq%20Ahmad%20Butt"> Muhammad Farooq Ahmad Butt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Ahmad"> Muhammad Ahmad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sameer%20Ahmed"> Sameer Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fayyaz%20Ahmed"> Fayyaz Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Omer%20Ishaq"> Omer Ishaq</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Waqar%20Nabi"> Waqar Nabi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wim%20Vanderbauwhede"> Wim Vanderbauwhede</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bilal%20Wajid"> Bilal Wajid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Huma%20Shehwana"> Huma Shehwana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Tariq"> Muhammad Tariq</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amir%20Faisal"> Amir Faisal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cancer is a manifestation of multifactorial deregulations in biomolecular pathways. These deregulations arise from the complex multi-scale interplay between cellular and extracellular factors. Such multifactorial aberrations at gene, protein, and extracellular scales need to be investigated systematically towards decoding the underlying mechanisms and orchestrating therapeutic interventions for patient treatment. In this work, we propose ‘TISON’, a next-generation web-based multiscale modeling platform for clinical systems oncology. TISON’s unique modeling abstraction allows a seamless coupling of information from biomolecular networks, cell decision circuits, extra-cellular environments, and tissue geometries. The platform can undertake multiscale sensitivity analysis towards in silico biomarker identification and drug evaluation on cellular phenotypes in user-defined tissue geometries. Furthermore, integration of cancer expression databases such as The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Human Proteome Atlas (HPA) facilitates in the development of personalized therapeutics. TISON is the next-evolution of multiscale cancer modeling and simulation platforms and provides a ‘zero-code’ model development, simulation, and analysis environment for application in clinical settings. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=systems%20oncology" title="systems oncology">systems oncology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cancer%20systems%20biology" title=" cancer systems biology"> cancer systems biology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cancer%20therapeutics" title=" cancer therapeutics"> cancer therapeutics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=personalized%20therapeutics" title=" personalized therapeutics"> personalized therapeutics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cancer%20modelling" title=" cancer modelling"> cancer modelling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/112569/a-next-generation-multi-scale-modeling-theatre-for-in-silico-oncology" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/112569.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">222</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1929</span> Poetic Music by the Poet, Commander of the Faithful, Muhammad Bello: Prosodical Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sirajo%20Muhammad%20Sokoto">Sirajo Muhammad Sokoto</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Commander of the Faithful, Muhammad Bello, is considered one of the most distinguished scholars and poetic geniuses who is famous for reciting poetry in the classical vertical style. He is also represented by pre-Islamic poets such as Imru’ al-Qays and Alqamah and among the Islamists such as Hassan bin Thabit, Amr bin Abi Rabi’ah, and others. The poet drew from the seas of the Arabic language and its styles at the hands of His father, Sheikh Othman Bin Fodio, and his uncle, Sheikh Abdullah Bin Fodio, are both things that made Muhammad Bello conversant with the Arabic language until he was able to write poetry in a beautiful format and good style. The Commander of the Faithful, Muhammad Bello, did not deviate from what the Arabs know of poetic elements, such as taking into account its meanings and music; Muhammadu Bello has used every Bahr of prosody and its technicals in many of his poems. This article prepares the reader for the efforts made by the poet Muhammad Bello in composing poems on poetic seas, taking into account musical tones for different purposes according to his desire. The article will also discuss the poet’s talent, skill, and eloquence. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=music" title="music">music</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Bello" title=" Muhammad Bello"> Muhammad Bello</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=poetry" title=" poetry"> poetry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=performances" title=" performances"> performances</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/176456/poetic-music-by-the-poet-commander-of-the-faithful-muhammad-bello-prosodical-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/176456.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">76</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1928</span> Efficiency of Microbial Metabolites on Quality Milk Production in Nili Ravi Breed of Buffalos</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sajjad%20Ur%20Rahman">Sajjad Ur Rahman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Tahir"> Muhammad Tahir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mukarram%20Bashir"> Mukarram Bashir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jawad"> Jawad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aoun%20Muhammad"> Aoun Muhammad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Zohaib"> Muhammad Zohaib</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hannan%20Khan"> Hannan Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seemal%20Javaid"> Seemal Javaid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mariam%20Azam"> Mariam Azam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The efficiency of natural metabolites obtained from partially fermented soya hulls and wheat bran using Saccharomyces cerevisiae (DL-22 S/N) ensures a potential impact on the total milk yield and quality of milk production. On attaining a moderate number of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells around 1×10⁹ CFU/ml, the concentrate was further elevated under in-vivo conditions to study the quality of milk production in lactating buffalo. Ten lactating buffalos of the Nili Ravi breed having the same physical factors were given 12 gm of microbial metabolites daily, along with the palleted feed having 22 % proteins. Another group of 10 lactating animals with the same characteristics was maintained without metabolites. The body score, overall health, incidence of mastitis, milk fat, milk proteins, ash and solid not fat (SNF) were elevated on a weekly basis up to thirty days of trial. It was recorded that the average total increase in quality milk production was 0.9 liter/h/d, whereas SNF in the milk was enhanced to 0.71, and fats were decreased to 0.09 %. Moreover, during all periods of the trial, the overall non-specific immunity of buffalo was increased, as indicated by less than 0.2 % of mastitis incidence compared to 1.8% in the untreated buffalos. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20metabolites" title="natural metabolites">natural metabolites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality%20milk" title=" quality milk"> quality milk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=milk%20yield" title=" milk yield"> milk yield</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microorganisms" title=" microorganisms"> microorganisms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fermentation" title=" fermentation"> fermentation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonspecific%20immunity" title=" nonspecific immunity"> nonspecific immunity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=better%20performing%20animals" title=" better performing animals"> better performing animals</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164255/efficiency-of-microbial-metabolites-on-quality-milk-production-in-nili-ravi-breed-of-buffalos" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164255.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">90</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1927</span> Cotton Crops Vegetative Indices Based Assessment Using Multispectral Images</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Shahzad%20Shifa">Muhammad Shahzad Shifa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amna%20Shifa"> Amna Shifa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Omar"> Muhammad Omar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aamir%20Shahzad"> Aamir Shahzad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rahmat%20Ali%20Khan"> Rahmat Ali Khan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Many applications of remote sensing to vegetation and crop response depend on spectral properties of individual leaves and plants. Vegetation indices are usually determined to estimate crop biophysical parameters like crop canopies and crop leaf area indices with the help of remote sensing. Cotton crops assessment is performed with the help of vegetative indices. Remotely sensed images from an optical multispectral radiometer MSR5 are used in this study. The interpretation is based on the fact that different materials reflect and absorb light differently at different wavelengths. Non-normalized and normalized forms of these datasets are analyzed using two complementary data mining algorithms; K-means and K-nearest neighbor (KNN). Our analysis shows that the use of normalized reflectance data and vegetative indices are suitable for an automated assessment and decision making. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cotton" title="cotton">cotton</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=condition%20assessment" title=" condition assessment"> condition assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=KNN%20algorithm" title=" KNN algorithm"> KNN algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clustering" title=" clustering"> clustering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MSR5" title=" MSR5"> MSR5</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vegetation%20indices" title=" vegetation indices"> vegetation indices</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103787/cotton-crops-vegetative-indices-based-assessment-using-multispectral-images" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103787.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">333</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1926</span> Determining the Constituents of the Sunnah of Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) in the Light of the Quran: A Clinical Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aamir%20I.%20Yazdani">Aamir I. Yazdani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dr.%20Muhammad%20Nasir%20J.%20Qureshi">Dr. Muhammad Nasir J. Qureshi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The term Sunnah has been used both, for Allah Himself and for his messengers in the Quran. The way Allah dealt with people where the messengers (rasuls) were sent is called Sunnatullāh by the Quran. Likewise, the same term is used in the Quran, for Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) as in following the trodden path (Sunnah) of his forefather Prophet Abraham, Alaihissalam. It implies; therefore, the word Sunnah cannot be applied to things which relates to theoretical knowledge like faith etc. Its ambit remains the practices, actions linked to practical things only. In the case of the Quran, we find that there is complete agreement among all Muslims on what constitutes the book of Allah, based on ijma (unanimity, total agreement, consensus) and tawatur (uninterrupted continuity, without any gap). There seems to be no unanimity on the question on what constitutes Sunnah of Prophet Muhammad (pbuh). There are, therefore, several approaches towards Sunnah adopted by Muslims. This paper is based on Qualitative Methodology to determine the criterion of what constitutes the Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) and which practices constitute the precincts of the Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Al-hikmah" title="Al-hikmah">Al-hikmah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hereafter" title=" Hereafter"> Hereafter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=practices" title=" practices"> practices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tazkiya" title=" Tazkiya"> Tazkiya</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154194/determining-the-constituents-of-the-sunnah-of-prophet-muhammad-pbuh-in-the-light-of-the-quran-a-clinical-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154194.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">145</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1925</span> Assessment of Toxic Impact of Metals on Different Instars of Silkworm, Bombyx Mori</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Dildar%20Gogi">Muhammad Dildar Gogi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Arshad"> Muhammad Arshad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Ahsan%20Khan"> Muhammad Ahsan Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Sufian"> M. Sufian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20Nawaz"> Ahmad Nawaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mubashir%20Iqbal"> Mubashir Iqbal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Junaid%20Nisar"> Muhammad Junaid Nisar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Waleed%20Afzal%20Naveed"> Waleed Afzal Naveed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Larvae of silkworm (Bombyx mori) exhibit very high mortality when reared on mulberry leaves collected from mulberry orchards which get contaminated with metallic/nonmetallic compounds through either drift-deposition or chemigation. There is need to screen out such metallic compound for their toxicity at their various concentrations. The present study was carried out to assess toxicity of metals in different instars of silkworm. Aqueous solutions of nine heavy-metal based salts were prepared by dissolving 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350 and 400 mg of each salt in one liter of water and were applied on the mulberry leaves by leaf-dip methods. The results reveal that mortality in 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th instar larvae caused by each heavy metal salts increased with an increase in their concentrations. The 1st instar larvae were found more susceptible to metal salts followed by 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th instar larvae of silkworm. Overall, Nickel chloride proved more toxic for all larval instar as it demonstrated approximately 40-99% mortality. On the basis of LC2 and larval mortality, the order of toxicity of heavy metals against all five larval instar was Nickel chloride (LC₂ = 1.9-13.9 mg/L; & 15.0±1.2-69.2±1.7% mortality) followed by Chromium nitrate (LC₂ = 3.3-14.8 mg/L; & 13.3±1.4-62.4±2.8% mortality), Cobalt nitrate (LC₂ = 4.3-30.9; &11.4±0.07-54.9±2.0% mortality), Lead acetate (LC₂ =8.8-53.3 mg/L; & 9.5±1.3-46.4±2.9% mortality), Aluminum sulfate (LC₂ = 15.5-76.6 mg/L; & 8.4±0.08-42.1±2.8% mortality), Barium sulfide (LC₂ = 20.9-105.9; & 7.7±1.1-39.2±2.5% mortality), Copper sulfate (LC2 = 28.5-12.4 mg/L; & 7.3±0.06-37.1±2.4% mortality), Manganese chloride (LC₂ = 29.9-136.9 mg/L; & 6.8±0.09-35.3±1.6% mortality) and Zinc nitrate (LC₂ = 36.3-15 mg/L; & 6.2±1.2-32.1±1.9% mortality). Zinc nitrate @ 50 and 100 mg/L, Barium sulfide @ 50 mg/L, Manganese chloride @ 50 and 100 mg/L and Copper sulfate @ 50 mg/L proved safe for 5th instar larvae as these interaction attributed no mortality. All the heavy metal salts at a concentration of 50 mg/L demonstrated less than 10% mortality. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heavy-metals" title="heavy-metals">heavy-metals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=larval-instars" title=" larval-instars"> larval-instars</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lethal-concentration" title=" lethal-concentration"> lethal-concentration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mortality" title=" mortality"> mortality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silkworm" title=" silkworm"> silkworm</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97315/assessment-of-toxic-impact-of-metals-on-different-instars-of-silkworm-bombyx-mori" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97315.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">219</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1924</span> Efficiency of Natural Metabolites on Quality Milk Production in Mixed Breed Cows.</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mariam%20Azam">Mariam Azam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sajjad%20Ur%20Rahman"> Sajjad Ur Rahman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mukarram%20Bashir"> Mukarram Bashir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Tahir"> Muhammad Tahir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seemal%20Javaid"> Seemal Javaid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jawad"> Jawad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aoun%20Muhammad"> Aoun Muhammad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Zohaib"> Muhammad Zohaib</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hannan%20Khan"> Hannan Khan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Products of microbial origin are of great importance as they have proved their value in healthcare and nutrition, use of these microbial metabolites acquired from partially fermented soya hulls and wheat bran along with Saccharomyces cerevisiae (DL-22 S/N) substantiates to be a great source for an increase in the total milk production and quality yield.1×109 CFU/ml cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (DL-22 S/N) were further grown under in-vivo conditions for the assessment of quality milk production. Two groups with twelve cows, each having the same physical characteristics (Group A and Group B), were under study, Group A was daily fed with 12gm of biological metabolites and 22% protein-pelleted feed. On the other hand, the animals of Group B were provided with no metabolites in their feed. In thirty days of trial, improvement in the overall health, body score, milk protein, milk fat, yield, incidence rate of mastitis, ash, and solid not fat (SNF) was observed. The collected data showed that the average quality milk production was elevated up to 0.45 liter/h/d. However, a reduction in the milk fats up to 0.45% and uplift in the SNF value up to 0.53% of cow milk was also observed. At the same time, the incidence rate of mastitis recorded for the animals under trial was reduced to half, and improved non specific immunity was reported. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microbial%20metabolites" title="microbial metabolites">microbial metabolites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=post-biotics" title=" post-biotics"> post-biotics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=animal%20supplements" title=" animal supplements"> animal supplements</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=animal%20nutrition" title=" animal nutrition"> animal nutrition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=proteins" title=" proteins"> proteins</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=animal%20production" title=" animal production"> animal production</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fermentation" title=" fermentation"> fermentation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164404/efficiency-of-natural-metabolites-on-quality-milk-production-in-mixed-breed-cows" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164404.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">101</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1923</span> Development and Characterization of Acoustic Energy Harvesters for Low Power Wireless Sensor Network</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Waheed%20Gul">Waheed Gul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Zeeshan"> Muhammad Zeeshan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20Raza%20Khan"> Ahmad Raza Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Khurram"> Muhammad Khurram</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Wireless Sensor Nodes (WSNs) have developed significantly over the years and have significant potential in diverse applications in the fields of science and technology. The inadequate energy accompanying WSNs is a key constraint of WSN skills. To overcome this main restraint, the development and expansion of effective and reliable energy harvesting systems for WSN atmospheres are being discovered. In this research, low-power acoustic energy harvesters are designed and developed by applying different techniques of energy transduction from the sound available in the surroundings. Three acoustic energy harvesters were developed based on the piezoelectric phenomenon, electromagnetic transduction, and hybrid, respectively. The CAD modelling, lumped modelling and Finite Element Analysis of the harvesters were carried out. The voltages were obtained using FEA for each Acoustic Harvester. Characterization of all three harvesters was carried out and the power generated by the piezoelectric harvester, electromagnetic harvester and Hybrid Acoustic Energy harvester are 2.25x10-9W, 0.0533W and 0.0232W, respectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20harvesting" title="energy harvesting">energy harvesting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=WSNs" title=" WSNs"> WSNs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=piezoelectric" title=" piezoelectric"> piezoelectric</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electromagnetic" title=" electromagnetic"> electromagnetic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power" title=" power"> power</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/175720/development-and-characterization-of-acoustic-energy-harvesters-for-low-power-wireless-sensor-network" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/175720.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">71</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1922</span> Differential Diagnosis of Malaria and Dengue Fever on the Basis of Clinical Findings and Laboratory Investigations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aman%20Ullah%20Khan">Aman Ullah Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Younus"> Muhammad Younus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aqil%20Ijaz"> Aqil Ijaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muti-Ur-Rehman%20Khan"> Muti-Ur-Rehman Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sayyed%20Aun%20Muhammad"> Sayyed Aun Muhammad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asif%20Idrees"> Asif Idrees</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sanan%20Raza"> Sanan Raza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amar%20Nasir"> Amar Nasir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Dengue fever and malaria are important vector-borne diseases of public health significance affecting millions of people around the globe. Dengue fever is caused by Dengue virus while malaria is caused by plasmodium protozoan. Generally, the consequences of Malaria are less severe compared to dengue fever. This study was designed to differentiate dengue fever and malaria on the basis of clinical and laboratory findings and to compare the changes in both diseases having different causative agents transmitted by the common vector. A total of 200 patients of dengue viral infection (120 males, 80 females) were included in this prospective descriptive study. The blood samples of the individuals were first screened for malaria by blood smear examination and then the negative samples were tested by anti-dengue IgM strip. The strip positive cases were further screened by IgM capture ELISA and their complete blood count including hemoglobin estimation (Hb), total and differential leukocyte counts (TLC and DLC), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and platelet counts were performed. On the basis of the severity of signs and symptoms, dengue virus infected patients were subdivided into dengue fever (DF) and dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) comprising 70 and 100 confirmed patients, respectively. On the other hand, 30 patients were found infected with Malaria while overall 120 patients showed thrombocytopenia. The patients of DHF were found to have more leucopenia, raised hemoglobin level and thrombocytopenia < 50,000/µl compared to the patients belonging to DF and malaria. On the basis of the outcomes of the study, it was concluded that patients affected by DF were at a lower risk of undergoing haematological disturbance than suffering from DHF. While, the patients infected by Malaria were found to have no significant change in their blood components. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dengue%20fever" title="dengue fever">dengue fever</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blood" title=" blood"> blood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=serum" title=" serum"> serum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=malaria" title=" malaria"> malaria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ELISA" title=" ELISA"> ELISA</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34925/differential-diagnosis-of-malaria-and-dengue-fever-on-the-basis-of-clinical-findings-and-laboratory-investigations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34925.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">392</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1921</span> Dosimetric Dependence on the Collimator Angle in Prostate Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Isa%20Khan">Muhammad Isa Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jalil%20Ur%20Rehman"> Jalil Ur Rehman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Afzal%20Khan%20Rao"> Muhammad Afzal Khan Rao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=James%20Chow"> James Chow</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Purpose: This study investigates the dose-volume variations in planning target volume (PTV) and organs-at-risk (OARs) using different collimator angles for smart arc prostate volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT). Awareness of the collimator angle for PTV and OARs sparing is essential for the planner because optimization contains numerous treatment constraints producing a complex, unstable and computationally challenging problem throughout its examination of an optimal plan in a rational time. Materials and Methods: Single arc VMAT plans at different collimator angles varied systematically (0°-90°) were performed on a Harold phantom and a new treatment plan is optimized for each collimator angle. We analyzed the conformity index (CI), homogeneity index (HI), gradient index (GI), monitor units (MUs), dose-volume histogram, mean and maximum doses to PTV. We also explored OARs (e.g. bladder, rectum and femoral heads), dose-volume criteria in the treatment plan (e.g. D30%, D50%, V30Gy and V38Gy of bladder and rectum; D5%,V14Gy and V22Gy of femoral heads), dose-volume histogram, mean and maximum doses for smart arc VMAT at different collimator angles. Results: There was no significance difference found in VMAT optimization at all studied collimator angles. However, if 0.5% accuracy is concerned then collimator angle = 45° provides higher CI and lower HI. Collimator angle = 15° also provides lower HI values like collimator angle 45°. It is seen that collimator angle = 75° is established as a good for rectum and right femur sparing. Collimator angle = 90° and collimator angle = 30° were found good for rectum and left femur sparing respectively. The PTV dose coverage statistics for each plan are comparatively independent of the collimator angles. Conclusion: It is concluded that this study will help the planner to have freedom to choose any collimator angle from (0°-90°) for PTV coverage and select a suitable collimator angle to spare OARs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=VMAT" title="VMAT">VMAT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dose-volume%20histogram" title=" dose-volume histogram"> dose-volume histogram</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=collimator%20angle" title=" collimator angle"> collimator angle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organs-at-risk" title=" organs-at-risk"> organs-at-risk</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5950/dosimetric-dependence-on-the-collimator-angle-in-prostate-volumetric-modulated-arc-therapy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5950.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">512</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1920</span> Role of Vocational Education and Training in Economic Excellence and Social Inclusion</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Ali%20Asadullah">Muhammad Ali Asadullah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zafarullah%20Amir"> Zafarullah Amir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In recent years, Vocational Education and Training (VET) has been under discussion by the academic researchers and remained in focus in the political grounds. Due to potential contribution of VET, the World Bank and United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) support vocational education to reduce poverty, enhance economic growth and increase competitiveness. This paper examines the impact of Vocational Education and Training on the Economic Growth and Social Inclusion with direct and mediation effect of Social Inclusion. The basic purpose of this study is to assess economic pay-offs as a result of long term investments in VET. Based on the review of Anderson Nilsson, initially we explored the increasing or decreasing trend in investment on VET. Further, the study explores that the countries which invest more on VET, tend to get more economic growth and are socially more ‘inclusive’. It is a longitudinal / panel data study with 12 years of registered data which involves 24 OECD countries. The results of the study indicate the VET has positive association with Social Inclusion and Economic Growth. Further, there is also a positive association of VET and Economic Growth through mediation of Social Inclusion. The current study considers not only issue and challenges in developing VET systems but also contributes to develop the theoretical framework for considering how VET can directly and indirectly improve economic growth and social inclusion. A wider appreciation of how VET’s benefits operate may influence a country’s decisions to invest in it. If policy makers increase investment on VET, the result would be positive in Economic Growth and Social Inclusion. It is also recommended that the same OECD model may be implemented in developing countries like Pakistan. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vocational%20Education%20and%20Training%20%28VET%29" title="Vocational Education and Training (VET)">Vocational Education and Training (VET)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Social%20Inclusion" title=" Social Inclusion"> Social Inclusion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Economic%20Growth" title=" Economic Growth"> Economic Growth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OECD%20countries" title=" OECD countries"> OECD countries</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45479/role-of-vocational-education-and-training-in-economic-excellence-and-social-inclusion" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45479.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">310</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1919</span> Urea Treatment of Low Dry Matter Oat Silage</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noor-ul-Ain">Noor-ul-Ain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Tahir%20Khan"> Muhammad Tahir Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kashif%20Khan"> Kashif Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adeela%20Ajmal"> Adeela Ajmal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamid%20Mustafa"> Hamid Mustafa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objective of this study was to evaluate the preservative and upgrading potential of urea (70g/kg DM) added to high moisture oat silage at laboratory scale trial and urea was hydrolysed 95%. Microbial activity measured by pH and volatile fatty acids (VFA) and lactate production was reduced (p<0.001) by the urea addition. The pH of oat silage (without treated) was measured 5.7 and increased up to 8.00 on average while; volatile fatty acids (VFA) concentration was decreased. Relative proportions of fermentation acids changed after urea addition, increasing the acetate and butyrate and decreasing the propionate and lactate proportions. The addition of urea to oat silages increased (P<0.001) water soluble and ammonium nitrogen of the forage. These nitrogen fractions represented more than 40% of total nitrogen. After urea addition, total nitrogen content of oat silages increased from 21.0 g/kg DM to 28 g/kg DM. Application of urea at a rate of 70 g/kg DM significantly increased (P<0.001) the in situ degradation of neutral-detergent fibre after 48h of rumen incubation (NDF-situ). The NDF-situ was 200 g/kg NDF higher on oat forages ensiled with urea than on oat forages ensiled without urea. Oat silages can be effectively preserved and upgraded by ensiling with 70 g urea/kg dry matter. Further studies are required to evaluate voluntary intake of this forage. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oat" title="oat">oat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silage" title=" silage"> silage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urea" title=" urea"> urea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pH" title=" pH"> pH</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forage" title=" forage"> forage</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42369/urea-treatment-of-low-dry-matter-oat-silage" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42369.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">470</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> 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