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<button aria-controls="toc-Name_and_seal-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Name and seal subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Name_and_seal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Toponymy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Toponymy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Toponymy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Toponymy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Seal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Seal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Seal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Seal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_names" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_names"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Other names</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_names-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_Viking_Age" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Viking_Age"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>The Viking Age</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Viking_Age-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1000–1600" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1000–1600"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>1000–1600</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1000–1600-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-17th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#17th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>17th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-17th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-18th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#18th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>18th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-18th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-19th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#19th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>19th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-19th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1900–present" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1900–present"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>1900–present</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1900–present-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parks_and_recreation_areas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parks_and_recreation_areas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Parks and recreation areas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parks_and_recreation_areas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cityscape" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cityscape"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Cityscape</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Cityscape-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Cityscape subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Cityscape-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Architecture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics_and_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics_and_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Politics and government</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Politics_and_government-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Politics and government subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Politics_and_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Recent_elections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recent_elections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Recent elections</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recent_elections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2023_elections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2023_elections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>2023 elections</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2023_elections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Environment_and_decarbonization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Environment_and_decarbonization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Environment and decarbonization</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Environment_and_decarbonization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Education-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Education subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Institutions_of_higher_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Institutions_of_higher_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Institutions of higher education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Institutions_of_higher_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Food" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Food"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Food</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Food-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Museums,_galleries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Museums,_galleries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2</span> <span>Museums, galleries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Museums,_galleries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music_and_events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music_and_events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.3</span> <span>Music and events</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music_and_events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Performing_arts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Performing_arts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.4</span> <span>Performing arts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Performing_arts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.5</span> <span>Literature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.6</span> <span>Media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.7</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.8</span> <span>Tourism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Crime" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Crime"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Crime</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Crime-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Crime subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Crime-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Police" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Police"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.1</span> <span>Police</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Police-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Terrorist_attacks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Terrorist_attacks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.2</span> <span>Terrorist attacks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Terrorist_attacks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transport-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Transport subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Public_transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.1</span> <span>Public transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Airports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Airports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.2</span> <span>Airports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Airports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Roads_and_automobiles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roads_and_automobiles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.3</span> <span>Roads and automobiles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roads_and_automobiles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_residents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_residents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Notable residents</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notable_residents-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Notable residents subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Notable_residents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Public_figures" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_figures"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15.1</span> <span>Public figures</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_figures-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15.2</span> <span>Arts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15.3</span> <span>Sport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>International relations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-International_relations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle International relations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-International_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16.1</span> <span>Twin towns – sister cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cooperation_agreements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cooperation_agreements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16.2</span> <span>Cooperation agreements</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cooperation_agreements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Christmas_trees_as_gifts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Christmas_trees_as_gifts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16.3</span> <span>Christmas trees as gifts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Christmas_trees_as_gifts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">19</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">20</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Oslo</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 202 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-202" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">202 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A6%E1%88%B5%E1%88%8E" title="ኦስሎ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ኦስሎ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osleah" title="Osleah – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Osleah" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%88" title="أوسلو – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أوسلو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%90%DC%98%DC%A3%DC%A0%DC%98" title="ܐܘܣܠܘ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܐܘܣܠܘ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Aromanian" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslu" title="Oslu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Oslu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Осло – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Осло" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8B" title="অসলো – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="অসলো" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Осло – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Осло" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Осла – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Осла" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BB%D1%91" title="Осьлё – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Осьлё" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B" title="ओस्लो – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="ओस्लो" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Осло – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Осло" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A8%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A3%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8D" title="ཨོ་སི་ལོ། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཨོ་སི་ལོ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Осло – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Осло" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Осло – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Осло" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslu" title="Oslu – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Oslu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%88" title="أوسلو – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="أوسلو" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ts%C4%AF%CC%81%C4%AF%CC%81haltsoo%C3%AD" title="Tsį́į́haltsooí – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Tsį́į́haltsooí" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%8C%CF%83%CE%BB%CE%BF" title="Όσλο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Όσλο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%92%C5%9Blo" title="Òślo – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Òślo" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE_%D0%BE%D1%88" title="Осло ош – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Осло ош" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslu" title="Oslu – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Oslu" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Ewe" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="Ewe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eʋegbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%88" title="اسلو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اسلو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osl%C3%B3" title="Osló – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Osló" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%93%E0%AA%B8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B2%E0%AB%8B" title="ઓસ્લો – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ઓસ્લો" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8D%83%F0%90%8C%BB%F0%90%8D%89" title="𐌰𐌿𐍃𐌻𐍉 – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌰𐌿𐍃𐌻𐍉" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%98%A4%EC%8A%AC%EB%A1%9C" title="오슬로 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="오슬로" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Hawaiian" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaiian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%95%D5%BD%D5%AC%D5%B8" title="Օսլո – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Օսլո" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B" title="ओस्लो – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ओस्लो" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8B" title="ওসলো – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="ওসলো" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Осло – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Осло" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%93sl%C3%B3" title="Ósló – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Ósló" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%9C%D7%95" title="אוסלו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אוסלו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%86s%C9%A9loo" title="Ɔsɩloo – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Ɔsɩloo" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D" title="ოსლო – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ოსლო" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Осло – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Осло" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Осло – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Осло" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Осло – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Осло" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Осло – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Осло" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Осло – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Осло" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osloa" title="Osloa – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Osloa" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Осло – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Осло" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslas" title="Oslas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Oslas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Осло – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Осло" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%93%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8A" title="ഓസ്ലൊ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഓസ്ലൊ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%8Choro" title="Ōhoro – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Ōhoro" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B" title="ओस्लो – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="ओस्लो" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D" title="ოსლო – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ოსლო" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%88" title="اوسلو – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اوسلو" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%88" title="اسلو – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="اسلو" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Осло – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Осло" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Осло – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Осло" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B7%E1%80%85%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B7" title="အော့စလိုမြို့ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အော့စလိုမြို့" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B" title="ओस्लो – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="ओस्लो" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AA%E3%82%B9%E3%83%AD" title="オスロ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="オスロ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Осло – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Осло" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%92slo" title="Òslo – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Òslo" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%93%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%8B" title="ਓਸਲੋ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਓਸਲੋ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%88" title="اوسلو – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="اوسلو" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%88" title="اوسلو – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="اوسلو" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%92slo" title="Òslo – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Òslo" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ty mw-list-item"><a href="https://ty.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Tahitian" lang="ty" hreflang="ty" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Reo tahiti" data-language-local-name="Tahitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Reo tahiti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uslu" title="Uslu – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Uslu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Осло – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Осло" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Осло – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Осло" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Осло – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Осло" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aw-s-lu" title="Aw-s-lu – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Aw-s-lu" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslu" title="Oslu – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Oslu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%88" title="اوسلو – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="اوسلو" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Осло – Church Slavic" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Осло" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="Church Slavic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%86%D8%B3%D9%84%DB%86" title="ئۆسلۆ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئۆسلۆ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Осло – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Осло" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%92%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8B" title="ஒசுலோ – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஒசுலோ" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Осло – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Осло" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A5" title="ออสโล – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ออสโล" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Осло – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Осло" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Осло – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Осло" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Осло – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Осло" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%88" title="اوسلو – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="اوسلو" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%88" title="ئوسلو – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئوسلو" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E6%96%AF%E9%99%86" title="奥斯陆 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="奥斯陆" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="Tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%9C%D7%90" title="אסלא – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="אסלא" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E6%96%AF%E9%99%B8" title="奧斯陸 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="奧斯陸" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uoslos" title="Uoslos – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Uoslos" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E6%96%AF%E9%99%86" title="奥斯陆 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="奥斯陆" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Oslo" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q585#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li 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class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button 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href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Oslo&params=59_54_48_N_10_44_20_E_region:NO-03_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">59°54′48″N</span> <span class="longitude">10°44′20″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">59.91333°N 10.73889°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">59.91333; 10.73889</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Capital and most populous city of Norway</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the capital of Norway. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Oslo_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Oslo (disambiguation)">Oslo (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Place in Østlandet, Norway</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Oslo</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">Capital city</a>, <a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipalities of Norway">municipality</a> and <a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Norway" title="Counties of Norway">county</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow ib-settlement-official"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span title="Norwegian-language text"><i lang="no">Oslo kommune</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Norwegian_language" title="Norwegian language">Norwegian</a>)</span><br /><span title="Southern Sami-language text"><i lang="sma">Osloven tjïelte</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Southern_Sami_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Sami language">Southern Sami</a>)</span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:254px;max-width:254px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:252px;max-width:252px"><div style="border:1;;height:83px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bj%C3%B8rvika_-_Oslo,_Norway_2020-12-23.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Bj%C3%B8rvika_-_Oslo%2C_Norway_2020-12-23.jpg/250px-Bj%C3%B8rvika_-_Oslo%2C_Norway_2020-12-23.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Bj%C3%B8rvika_-_Oslo%2C_Norway_2020-12-23.jpg/375px-Bj%C3%B8rvika_-_Oslo%2C_Norway_2020-12-23.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Bj%C3%B8rvika_-_Oslo%2C_Norway_2020-12-23.jpg/500px-Bj%C3%B8rvika_-_Oslo%2C_Norway_2020-12-23.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4730" data-file-height="1577" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/Bj%C3%B8rvika" title="Bjørvika">Bjørvika</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:143px;max-width:143px"><div style="border:1;;height:70px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%22Streifzug%22_mit_der_Kamera_durch_Oslo._04.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/%22Streifzug%22_mit_der_Kamera_durch_Oslo._04.jpg/141px-%22Streifzug%22_mit_der_Kamera_durch_Oslo._04.jpg" decoding="async" width="141" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/%22Streifzug%22_mit_der_Kamera_durch_Oslo._04.jpg/212px-%22Streifzug%22_mit_der_Kamera_durch_Oslo._04.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/%22Streifzug%22_mit_der_Kamera_durch_Oslo._04.jpg/282px-%22Streifzug%22_mit_der_Kamera_durch_Oslo._04.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5906" data-file-height="2954" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/National_Theatre_(Oslo)" title="National Theatre (Oslo)">National Theater</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:107px;max-width:107px"><div style="border:1;;height:70px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Frogner_plass_sett_fra_parken.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Frogner_plass_sett_fra_parken.jpg/105px-Frogner_plass_sett_fra_parken.jpg" decoding="async" width="105" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Frogner_plass_sett_fra_parken.jpg/158px-Frogner_plass_sett_fra_parken.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Frogner_plass_sett_fra_parken.jpg/210px-Frogner_plass_sett_fra_parken.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div><div><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frogner_plass_(Oslo)" class="extiw" title="no:Frogner plass (Oslo)">Frogner plass</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:125px;max-width:125px"><div style="border:1;;height:81px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:IMG_0911_Nationalteateret_stasjon_i_Oslo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/IMG_0911_Nationalteateret_stasjon_i_Oslo.jpg/123px-IMG_0911_Nationalteateret_stasjon_i_Oslo.jpg" decoding="async" width="123" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/IMG_0911_Nationalteateret_stasjon_i_Oslo.jpg/185px-IMG_0911_Nationalteateret_stasjon_i_Oslo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/IMG_0911_Nationalteateret_stasjon_i_Oslo.jpg/246px-IMG_0911_Nationalteateret_stasjon_i_Oslo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4104" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Terrasse" title="Victoria Terrasse">Victoria Terrasse</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:125px;max-width:125px"><div style="border:1;;height:81px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:14-09-02-oslo-RalfR-370.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/14-09-02-oslo-RalfR-370.jpg/123px-14-09-02-oslo-RalfR-370.jpg" decoding="async" width="123" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/14-09-02-oslo-RalfR-370.jpg/185px-14-09-02-oslo-RalfR-370.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/14-09-02-oslo-RalfR-370.jpg/246px-14-09-02-oslo-RalfR-370.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/Akershus_Fortress" title="Akershus Fortress">Akershus Fortress</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:125px;max-width:125px"><div style="border:1;;height:82px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MUNCH_Munch_Museum_Oslo_opened_22_October_2021.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/MUNCH_Munch_Museum_Oslo_opened_22_October_2021.jpg/123px-MUNCH_Munch_Museum_Oslo_opened_22_October_2021.jpg" decoding="async" width="123" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/MUNCH_Munch_Museum_Oslo_opened_22_October_2021.jpg/185px-MUNCH_Munch_Museum_Oslo_opened_22_October_2021.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/MUNCH_Munch_Museum_Oslo_opened_22_October_2021.jpg/246px-MUNCH_Munch_Museum_Oslo_opened_22_October_2021.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1367" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/Munch_Museum" title="Munch Museum">Munch Museum</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:125px;max-width:125px"><div style="border:1;;height:82px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Oslo_Gr%C3%BCnerl%C3%B8kka_(23470920130).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Oslo_Gr%C3%BCnerl%C3%B8kka_%2823470920130%29.jpg/123px-Oslo_Gr%C3%BCnerl%C3%B8kka_%2823470920130%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="123" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Oslo_Gr%C3%BCnerl%C3%B8kka_%2823470920130%29.jpg/185px-Oslo_Gr%C3%BCnerl%C3%B8kka_%2823470920130%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Oslo_Gr%C3%BCnerl%C3%B8kka_%2823470920130%29.jpg/246px-Oslo_Gr%C3%BCnerl%C3%B8kka_%2823470920130%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2662" data-file-height="1776" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%BCnerl%C3%B8kka" title="Grünerløkka">Grünerløkka</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:114px;max-width:114px"><div style="border:1;;height:75px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Karl_Johans_gate_Oslo_2022-08-17_04.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Karl_Johans_gate_Oslo_2022-08-17_04.jpg/112px-Karl_Johans_gate_Oslo_2022-08-17_04.jpg" decoding="async" width="112" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Karl_Johans_gate_Oslo_2022-08-17_04.jpg/168px-Karl_Johans_gate_Oslo_2022-08-17_04.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Karl_Johans_gate_Oslo_2022-08-17_04.jpg/224px-Karl_Johans_gate_Oslo_2022-08-17_04.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8384" data-file-height="5612" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/Karl_Johans_gate" title="Karl Johans gate">Karl Johans gate</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:136px;max-width:136px"><div style="border:1;;height:75px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:M%C3%B8llergata_19,_Oslo,_2019_(01).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/M%C3%B8llergata_19%2C_Oslo%2C_2019_%2801%29.jpg/134px-M%C3%B8llergata_19%2C_Oslo%2C_2019_%2801%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="134" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/M%C3%B8llergata_19%2C_Oslo%2C_2019_%2801%29.jpg/201px-M%C3%B8llergata_19%2C_Oslo%2C_2019_%2801%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/M%C3%B8llergata_19%2C_Oslo%2C_2019_%2801%29.jpg/268px-M%C3%B8llergata_19%2C_Oslo%2C_2019_%2801%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5434" data-file-height="3059" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/M%C3%B8llergata_19" title="Møllergata 19">Møllergata 19</a>, <a href="/wiki/Youngstorget" title="Youngstorget">Youngstorget</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:252px;max-width:252px"><div style="border:1;;height:140px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Huk_-_Oslo,_Norway_2020-08-12.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Huk_-_Oslo%2C_Norway_2020-08-12.jpg/250px-Huk_-_Oslo%2C_Norway_2020-08-12.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Huk_-_Oslo%2C_Norway_2020-08-12.jpg/375px-Huk_-_Oslo%2C_Norway_2020-08-12.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Huk_-_Oslo%2C_Norway_2020-08-12.jpg/500px-Huk_-_Oslo%2C_Norway_2020-08-12.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5387" data-file-height="3030" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/Huk,_Norway" title="Huk, Norway">Huk at Bygdøy</a> in Oslo</div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Oslo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Oslo"><img alt="Flag of Oslo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Oslo.svg/100px-Flag_of_Oslo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Oslo.svg/150px-Flag_of_Oslo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Oslo.svg/200px-Flag_of_Oslo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Flag</div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Oslo_komm.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Official logo of Oslo"><img alt="Official logo of Oslo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Oslo_komm.svg/84px-Oslo_komm.svg.png" decoding="async" width="84" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Oslo_komm.svg/126px-Oslo_komm.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Oslo_komm.svg/168px-Oslo_komm.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="611" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Seal_of_Oslo" class="mw-redirect" title="Seal of Oslo">Seal</a></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Motto(s): <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname"><i>Unanimiter et constanter</i> <small>(Latin) <br />"United and constant"</small></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Norway_Counties_Oslo_Position.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Oslo highlighted in red in Norway"><img alt="Oslo highlighted in red in Norway" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Norway_Counties_Oslo_Position.svg/250px-Norway_Counties_Oslo_Position.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Norway_Counties_Oslo_Position.svg/375px-Norway_Counties_Oslo_Position.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Norway_Counties_Oslo_Position.svg/500px-Norway_Counties_Oslo_Position.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="740" data-file-height="790" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Oslo highlighted in red in Norway</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NO_0301_Oslo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Oslo highlighted in red within Akershus County"><img alt="Oslo highlighted in red within Akershus County" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/NO_0301_Oslo.svg/250px-NO_0301_Oslo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/NO_0301_Oslo.svg/375px-NO_0301_Oslo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/NO_0301_Oslo.svg/500px-NO_0301_Oslo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="384" data-file-height="507" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Oslo highlighted in red within <a href="/wiki/Akershus" title="Akershus">Akershus</a> County</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Norway_Akershus_rel_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Oslo is located in Akershus"><img alt="Oslo is located in Akershus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Norway_Akershus_rel_location_map.svg/250px-Norway_Akershus_rel_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="310" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Norway_Akershus_rel_location_map.svg/375px-Norway_Akershus_rel_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Norway_Akershus_rel_location_map.svg/500px-Norway_Akershus_rel_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="845" data-file-height="1047" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:60.513%;left:35.185%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Oslo"><img alt="Oslo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Oslo</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location within <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Akershus</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Relief_Map_of_Norway.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Oslo is located in Norway"><img alt="Oslo is located in Norway" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Relief_Map_of_Norway.png/250px-Relief_Map_of_Norway.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="266" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Relief_Map_of_Norway.png/375px-Relief_Map_of_Norway.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Relief_Map_of_Norway.png/500px-Relief_Map_of_Norway.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1275" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:83.357%;left:24.141%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Oslo"><img alt="Oslo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Oslo</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Oslo (Norway)</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Norway</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Oslo is located in Europe"><img alt="Oslo is located in Europe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg/250px-Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg/375px-Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg/500px-Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1580" data-file-height="1351" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:33.906%;left:37.241%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Oslo"><img alt="Oslo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Oslo</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Oslo (Europe)</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Europe</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Oslo&params=59_54_48_N_10_44_20_E_region:NO-03_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">59°54′48″N</span> <span class="longitude">10°44′20″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">59.91333°N 10.73889°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">59.91333; 10.73889</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Country" title="Country">Country</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Norway" title="Districts of Norway">District</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Norway" title="Eastern Norway">Østlandet</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Norway" title="Counties of Norway">County</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Oslo</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Established</th><td class="infobox-data">1048</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Oslo" title="List of mayors of Oslo">Mayor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Anne_Lindboe" title="Anne Lindboe">Anne Lindboe</a> (<a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(Norway)" title="Conservative Party (Norway)">H</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Governing_Mayor_of_Oslo" title="Governing Mayor of Oslo">Governing mayor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Eirik_Lae_Solberg" title="Eirik Lae Solberg">Eirik Lae Solberg</a> (<a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(Norway)" title="Conservative Party (Norway)">H</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-AreaStats_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AreaStats-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">Capital city</a>, <a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipalities of Norway">municipality</a> and <a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Norway" title="Counties of Norway">county</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">480 km<sup>2</sup> (190 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Land</th><td class="infobox-data">454.20 km<sup>2</sup> (175.37 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Water</th><td class="infobox-data">26.64 km<sup>2</sup> (10.29 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rural<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">310 km<sup>2</sup> (120 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (<a href="/wiki/Kjerkeberget" title="Kjerkeberget">Kjerkeberget</a>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">631 m (2,070 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Lowest elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (<a href="/wiki/Oslofjorden" class="mw-redirect" title="Oslofjorden">Oslofjorden</a>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1 m (3 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(31 December 2022)<sup id="cite_ref-Stats2016_a_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stats2016_a-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Stats2015_b_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stats2015_b-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Pop2015Q2_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pop2015Q2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">Capital city</a>, <a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipalities of Norway">municipality</a> and <a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Norway" title="Counties of Norway">county</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">709,037<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">Urban</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,064,235</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">Metro</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,588,457</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">GDP<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">Capital city</a>, <a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipalities of Norway">municipality</a> and <a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Norway" title="Counties of Norway">county</a></th><td class="infobox-data">€70.970 billion (2021)<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Metro</th><td class="infobox-data">€132.716 billion (2021)<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B01:00" title="UTC+01:00">UTC+01:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Time" title="Central European Time">Central European Time</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B02:00" title="UTC+02:00">UTC+02:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Summer_Time" title="Central European Summer Time">Central European Summer Time</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Postal code</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">0001 – 1299 <sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data nickname">NO-03</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">HDI</a> (2021)</th><td class="infobox-data">0.980<sup id="cite_ref-GlobalDataLab_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GlobalDataLab-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><span class="tmp-color" style="color:green">very high</span> · <a href="/wiki/List_of_Norwegian_regions_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of Norwegian regions by Human Development Index">1st</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oslo.kommune.no">www<wbr />.oslo<wbr />.kommune<wbr />.no</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Oslo</b><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Norwegian:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="no-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Norwegian" title="Help:IPA/Norwegian">[ˈʊ̂ʂlʊ]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/0\/0d\/Oslo.ogg\/Oslo.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Oslo.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0d/Oslo.ogg/Oslo.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Oslo.ogg" title="File:Oslo.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span> <small>or</small> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="no-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Norwegian" title="Help:IPA/Norwegian">[ˈʊ̂slʊ,<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈʊ̀ʂlʊ]</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Southern_Sami_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Sami language">Southern Sami</a>: <i lang="sma">Oslove</i><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) is the <a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">capital</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_towns_and_cities_in_Norway" title="List of towns and cities in Norway">most populous</a> city of <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a>. It constitutes both a <a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Norway" title="Counties of Norway">county</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipalities of Norway">municipality</a>. The municipality of Oslo had a population of 709,037 in 2022, while the city's greater <a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">urban area</a> had a population of 1,064,235 in 2022,<sup id="cite_ref-SSB-2023_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SSB-2023-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">metropolitan area</a> had an estimated population of 1,546,706 in 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-regjeringen2010_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-regjeringen2010-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Viking_Age" title="Viking Age">Viking Age</a>, the area was part of <a href="/wiki/Viken_(region)" title="Viken (region)">Viken</a>. Oslo was founded as a city at the end of the Viking Age in 1040 under the name <b>Ánslo</b>, and established as a <a href="/wiki/Kjobstad" class="mw-redirect" title="Kjobstad"><i>kaupstad</i></a> or trading place in 1048 by <a href="/wiki/Harald_Hardrada" title="Harald Hardrada">Harald Hardrada</a>. The city was elevated to a <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Oslo" title="Diocese of Oslo">bishopric</a> in 1070 and a capital under <a href="/wiki/Haakon_V_of_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Haakon V of Norway">Haakon V of Norway</a> around the year 1300. <a href="/wiki/Personal_union" title="Personal union">Personal unions</a> with Denmark from <a href="/wiki/Kalmar_Union" title="Kalmar Union">1397 to 1523</a> and again from <a href="/wiki/Denmark%E2%80%93Norway" title="Denmark–Norway">1536 to 1814</a> reduced its influence. After being destroyed by a fire in 1624, during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Christian_IV_of_Denmark" title="Christian IV of Denmark">King Christian IV</a>, a new city was built closer to <a href="/wiki/Akershus_Fortress" title="Akershus Fortress">Akershus Fortress</a> and named <b>Christiania</b> in honour of the king. It became a <a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_of_Norway" title="List of municipalities of Norway">municipality</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Formannskapsdistrikt" title="Formannskapsdistrikt">formannskapsdistrikt</a></i>) on 1 January 1838. The city functioned as the capital of Norway during the 1814–1905 <a href="/wiki/Union_between_Sweden_and_Norway" title="Union between Sweden and Norway">union between Sweden and Norway</a>. From 1877, the city's name was spelled <b>Kristiania</b> in government usage, a spelling that was adopted by the municipal authorities in 1897, although 'Christiania' was also used. In 1925, the city, after incorporating the village retaining its former name, was <a href="#1900–present"> renamed</a> 'Oslo'. In 1948, Oslo merged with <a href="/wiki/Aker,_Norway" title="Aker, Norway">Aker</a>, a municipality which surrounded the capital and which was 27 times larger, thus creating the modern, much larger Oslo municipality. </p><p>Oslo is the <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Norway" title="Economy of Norway">economic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Norway" title="Politics of Norway">governmental</a> centre of Norway. The city is also a hub of Norwegian trade, banking, industry and shipping. It is an important centre for maritime industries and <a href="/wiki/Maritime_trade" class="mw-redirect" title="Maritime trade">maritime trade</a> in Europe. The city is home to many companies within the maritime sector, some of which are among the world's largest shipping companies, shipbrokers and maritime insurance brokers. Oslo is a pilot city of the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Europe" title="Council of Europe">Council of Europe</a> and the <a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a> intercultural cities programme. </p><p>Oslo is considered a <a href="/wiki/Global_city" title="Global city">global city</a> and was ranked "Beta World City" in studies carried out by the Globalization and World Cities Study Group and Network in 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was ranked number one in terms of quality of life among European large cities in the European Cities of the Future 2012 report by <i>fDi</i> magazine.<sup id="cite_ref-fdiintelligence.com_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fdiintelligence.com-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A survey conducted by <a href="/wiki/ECA_International" title="ECA International">ECA International</a> in 2011 placed Oslo as the second most expensive city in the world for living expenses after <a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2013, Oslo tied with the Australian city of <a href="/wiki/Melbourne" title="Melbourne">Melbourne</a> as the fourth most expensive city in the world, according to the <a href="/wiki/Economist_Intelligence_Unit" title="Economist Intelligence Unit">Economist Intelligence Unit</a> (EIU)'s Worldwide Cost of Living study.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Oslo was ranked as the 24th most liveable city in the world by Monocle magazine.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Oslo's population was increasing at record rates during the early 2000s, making it the fastest growing major <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">city</a> in Europe at the time.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This growth stems for the most part from international <a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Norway" title="Immigration to Norway">immigration</a> and related high birth rates, but also from intra-national migration. By 2010 the immigrant population in the city was growing somewhat faster than the <a href="/wiki/Norwegians" title="Norwegians">Norwegian</a> population,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in the city proper this had become more than 25% of the total population if the children of immigrant parents were included.<sup id="cite_ref-Immigration_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Immigration-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Urban_region">Urban region</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oslo&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Urban region"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_boroughs_of_Oslo" title="List of boroughs of Oslo">List of boroughs of Oslo</a></div> <p>The municipality of Oslo has a population of 717,710 as of 1 January 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The urban area extends far beyond the boundaries of the municipality into the surrounding <a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Norway" title="Counties of Norway">county</a> of <a href="/wiki/Akershus" title="Akershus">Akershus</a> (municipalities of <a href="/wiki/Asker" title="Asker">Asker</a>, <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A6rum" title="Bærum">Bærum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lillestr%C3%B8m_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Lillestrøm Municipality">Lillestrøm</a>, <a href="/wiki/Enebakk" title="Enebakk">Enebakk</a>, <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A6lingen" title="Rælingen">Rælingen</a>, <a href="/wiki/L%C3%B8renskog" title="Lørenskog">Lørenskog</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nittedal" title="Nittedal">Nittedal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gjerdrum" title="Gjerdrum">Gjerdrum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nordre_Follo" title="Nordre Follo">Nordre Follo</a>); being, to a great degree suburbs of Oslo making up approximately 500,000 of the population of the <a href="/wiki/Greater_Oslo_Region" title="Greater Oslo Region">greater Oslo region</a>. the total population of this agglomeration was 1,546,706 in 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-SSB-2023_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SSB-2023-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city centre is situated at the end of the <a href="/wiki/Oslofjord" title="Oslofjord">Oslofjord</a>, from which point the city sprawls out in three distinct "corridors"—inland north-eastwards, and southwards along both sides of the fjord—which gives the <a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">urbanized area</a> a shape reminiscent of an upside-down reclining "Y" (on maps, satellite pictures, or from high above the city). </p><p>To the north and east, wide forested hills (<i>Marka</i>) rise above the city giving the location the shape of a giant <a href="/wiki/Amphitheatre" title="Amphitheatre">amphitheatre</a>. The urban <a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_of_Norway" title="List of municipalities of Norway">municipality</a> (<i>bykommune</i>) of Oslo and county (<i><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Norway" title="Counties of Norway">fylke</a></i>) of Oslo are two parts of the same entity, making Oslo the only city in Norway where two administrative levels are integrated. Of Oslo's total area, 130 km<sup>2</sup> (50 sq mi) is built-up and 9.6 km<sup>2</sup> (3.7 sq mi) is agricultural. The open areas within the built-up zone amount to 22 km<sup>2</sup> (8.5 sq mi).<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The city of Oslo was established as a municipality on 3 January 1838 (see <a href="/wiki/Formannskapsdistrikt" title="Formannskapsdistrikt">formannskapsdistrikt</a>). It was separated from the county of <a href="/wiki/Akershus" title="Akershus">Akershus</a> to become a county of its own in 1842. The rural municipality of <a href="/wiki/Aker,_Norway" title="Aker, Norway">Aker</a> was merged with Oslo on 1 January 1948 (and simultaneously transferred from Akershus county to Oslo county). Furthermore, Oslo shares several important functions with Akershus county. </p> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: right"> <caption>Boroughs as defined in January 2004 by the city council<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_id4none"><a href="#endnote_id4none">[note]</a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Boroughs </th> <th>Inhabitants (2024)<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Area in km<sup>2</sup> </th> <th>Number </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left"><a href="/wiki/Alna" title="Alna">Alna</a> </td> <td>50,378 </td> <td>13.7 </td> <td>12 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left"><a href="/wiki/Bjerke_(borough)" title="Bjerke (borough)">Bjerke</a> </td> <td>36,460 </td> <td>7.7 </td> <td>9 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left"><a href="/wiki/Frogner" title="Frogner">Frogner</a> </td> <td>60,646 </td> <td>8.3 </td> <td>5 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left"><a href="/wiki/Gamle_Oslo" title="Gamle Oslo">Gamle Oslo</a> </td> <td>63,712 </td> <td>7.5 </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left"><a href="/wiki/Grorud" title="Grorud">Grorud</a> </td> <td>28,065 </td> <td>8.2 </td> <td>10 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left"><a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%BCnerl%C3%B8kka" title="Grünerløkka">Grünerløkka</a> </td> <td>65,577 </td> <td>4.8 </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left"><a href="/wiki/Nordre_Aker" title="Nordre Aker">Nordre Aker</a> </td> <td>54,199 </td> <td>13.6 </td> <td>8 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left"><a href="/wiki/Nordstrand,_Norway" title="Nordstrand, Norway">Nordstrand</a> </td> <td>53,969 </td> <td>16.9 </td> <td>14 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left"><a href="/wiki/Sagene" title="Sagene">Sagene</a> </td> <td>47,660 </td> <td>3.1 </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left"><a href="/wiki/St._Hanshaugen" title="St. Hanshaugen">St. Hanshaugen</a> </td> <td>40,095 </td> <td>3.6 </td> <td>4 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left"><a href="/wiki/Stovner" title="Stovner">Stovner</a> </td> <td>34,158 </td> <td>8.2 </td> <td>11 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%B8ndre_Nordstrand" title="Søndre Nordstrand">Søndre Nordstrand</a> </td> <td>39,069 </td> <td>18.4 </td> <td>15 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left"><a href="/wiki/Ullern" title="Ullern">Ullern</a> </td> <td>35,425 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>6 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left"><a href="/wiki/Vestre_Aker" title="Vestre Aker">Vestre Aker</a> </td> <td>51,869 </td> <td>16.6 </td> <td>7 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left"><a href="/wiki/%C3%98stensj%C3%B8" title="Østensjø">Østensjø</a> </td> <td>51,785 </td> <td>12.2 </td> <td>13 </td></tr> <tr class="sortbottom"> <td style="text-align: left"><b>Overall</b> </td> <td><b>717,710</b> </td> <td><b>151.8</b> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In addition is <a href="/wiki/Marka,_Oslo" title="Marka, Oslo">Marka</a> (1,610 residents, 301.1 km<sup>2</sup>), that is administered by several boroughs; and <a href="/wiki/Sentrum,_Oslo" title="Sentrum, Oslo">Sentrum</a> (1,471 residents, 1.8 km<sup>2</sup>) that is partially administered by St. Hanshaugen, and in part directly by the city council. As of 27 February 2020, there were 2,386 residents who were not allocated to a borough. </p><p>The 9 municipalities directly included in the Urban area of Oslo.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Municipalities</th> <th>County</th> <th>Population of the urban area (2023)</th> <th>precentage of population </th></tr> <tr> <td>Oslo</td> <td>Oslo</td> <td align="right">705 643</td> <td align="right">65,2 % </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A6rum" title="Bærum">Bærum</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Akershus_county" class="mw-redirect" title="Akershus county">Akershus</a></td> <td align="right">128 519</td> <td align="right">11,9 % </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Asker" title="Asker">Asker</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Akershus_county" class="mw-redirect" title="Akershus county">Akershus</a></td> <td align="right">71 355</td> <td align="right">6,6 % </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lillestr%C3%B8m" title="Lillestrøm">Lillestrøm</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Akershus_county" class="mw-redirect" title="Akershus county">Akershus</a></td> <td align="right">61 459</td> <td align="right">5,7 % </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/L%C3%B8renskog" title="Lørenskog">Lørenskog</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Akershus_county" class="mw-redirect" title="Akershus county">Akershus</a></td> <td align="right">46 452</td> <td align="right">4,3 % </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nordre_Follo" title="Nordre Follo">Nordre Follo</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Akershus_county" class="mw-redirect" title="Akershus county">Akershus</a></td> <td align="right">40 876</td> <td align="right">3,8 % </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A6lingen" title="Rælingen">Rælingen</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Akershus_county" class="mw-redirect" title="Akershus county">Akershus</a></td> <td align="right">14 815</td> <td align="right">1,4 % </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nittedal" title="Nittedal">Nittedal</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Akershus_county" class="mw-redirect" title="Akershus county">Akershus</a></td> <td align="right">10 909</td> <td align="right">1,0 % </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lier,_Norway" title="Lier, Norway">Lier</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Buskerud_county" class="mw-redirect" title="Buskerud county">Buskerud</a></td> <td align="right">2 547</td> <td align="right">0,2 % </td></tr> <tr> <td>TOTAL</td> <td></td> <td align="right">1 082 575</td> <td align="right">100,0 % </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name_and_seal">Name and seal</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oslo&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Name and seal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After being destroyed by a fire in 1624, during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Christian_IV_of_Denmark" title="Christian IV of Denmark">King Christian IV</a>, a new city was built closer to <a href="/wiki/Akershus_Fortress" title="Akershus Fortress">Akershus Fortress</a> and named Christiania in the king's honour. The old site east of the Aker river was not abandoned, however, and the village of Oslo remained as a suburb outside the city gates. The suburb called Oslo was eventually included in the city proper. In 1925 the name of the suburb was <a href="#1900–present"> transferred</a> to the whole city, while the suburb was renamed <a href="/wiki/Old_Town,_Oslo" title="Old Town, Oslo">"Gamlebyen"</a>, literally "the Old town", to avoid confusion.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-Osloby_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Osloby-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-SNL_Historie_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SNL_Historie-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Old Town is an area within the administrative district <a href="/wiki/Gamle_Oslo" title="Gamle Oslo">Gamle Oslo</a>. The previous names are reflected in street names like Oslo gate (Oslo street)<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Oslo hospital.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Toponymy">Toponymy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oslo&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Toponymy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For full article, see <a href="/wiki/History_of_Oslo%27s_name" title="History of Oslo's name">History of Oslo's name</a></div><p>The origin of the name <i>Oslo</i> has been the subject of much debate. It is nigh-certainly derived from <a href="/wiki/Old_Norse" title="Old Norse">Old Norse</a> and was—in all probability—originally the name of a large farm at <a href="/wiki/Bj%C3%B8rvika" title="Bjørvika">Bjørvika</a>, while the meaning of that name is disputed. Modern linguists generally interpret the original <i>Óslo</i>, <i>Áslo</i> or <i>Ánslo</i> as either "meadow at the foot of a hill" or "meadow consecrated to the <a href="/wiki/%C3%86sir" title="Æsir">Gods</a>", with both considered equally likely.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Erroneously, it was once assumed that <i>Oslo</i> meant "the mouth of the Lo river", a supposed previous name for the <a href="/wiki/Alnaelva" class="mw-redirect" title="Alnaelva">river Alna</a>. Not only has no evidence been found of a river "Lo" predating the work where <a href="/wiki/Peder_Clauss%C3%B8n_Friis" title="Peder Claussøn Friis">Peder Claussøn Friis</a> first proposed this etymology, but the very name is ungrammatical in Norwegian: the correct form would have been <i>Loaros</i> (cf. <a href="/wiki/Nidaros" title="Nidaros">Nidaros</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The name <i>Lo</i> is now believed to be a <a href="/wiki/Back-formation" title="Back-formation">back-formation</a> arrived at by Friis in support of his [idea about] etymology for <i>Oslo</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Seal">Seal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oslo&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Seal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Seal_of_Oslo" class="mw-redirect" title="Seal of Oslo">Seal of Oslo</a></div> <p>Oslo is one of very few cities in Norway, besides <a href="/wiki/Bergen" title="Bergen">Bergen</a> and <a href="/wiki/T%C3%B8nsberg" title="Tønsberg">Tønsberg</a>, that does not have a formal <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms" title="Coat of arms">coat of arms</a>, but which uses a city seal instead.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The seal of Oslo shows the city's <a href="/wiki/Patron_saint" title="Patron saint">patron saint</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hallvard_Vebj%C3%B8rnsson" title="Hallvard Vebjørnsson">St. Hallvard</a>, with his attributes, the <a href="/wiki/Millstone" title="Millstone">millstone</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arrow" title="Arrow">arrows</a>, with a naked woman at his feet. He is seated on a throne with lion decorations, which at the time was also commonly used by the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Norwegian_monarchs" title="List of Norwegian monarchs">Norwegian kings</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Heraldry_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Heraldry-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_names">Other names</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oslo&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Other names"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Oslo has various nicknames and names in other languages. The city is sometimes known as "The Tiger City" (<a href="/wiki/Norwegian_language" title="Norwegian language">Norwegian</a>: <i lang="no">Tigerstaden</i>), probably inspired by an 1870 poem by <a href="/wiki/Bj%C3%B8rnstjerne_Bj%C3%B8rnson" title="Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson">Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson</a> which referenced then-Christiania in central Oslo. The nickname is mostly used by Norwegians from out of town, and rarely by people from the Oslo region.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oslo&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a chronological guide, see <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Oslo" title="Timeline of Oslo">Timeline of Oslo</a>.</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Viking_Age">The Viking Age</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oslo&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: The Viking Age"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/Viking_Age" title="Viking Age">Viking Age</a>, the area that includes modern Oslo was located in <a href="/wiki/Viken,_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Viken, Norway">Viken</a>, the northernmost province of <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a>. Control over the area shifted between Danish and Norwegian kings in the Middle Ages, and Denmark continued to claim the area until 1241. </p><p>According to the Norse <a href="/wiki/Saga" title="Saga">sagas</a>, Oslo was founded around 1049 by <a href="/wiki/Harald_Hardrada" title="Harald Hardrada">Harald Hardrada</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Recent archaeological research, however, uncovered Christian burials which could be dated to prior to AD 1000, evidence of a preceding urban settlement.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This called for the celebration of Oslo's millennium in 2000 rather than 2049.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1000–1600"><span id="1000.E2.80.931600"></span>1000–1600</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oslo&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 1000–1600"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Old_Town,_Oslo" title="Old Town, Oslo">Old Town, Oslo</a></div> <p>Under the reign of <a href="/wiki/Olaf_III_of_Norway" title="Olaf III of Norway">Olaf III of Norway</a> (1067-1093), Oslo became a cultural centre for <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Norway" title="Eastern Norway">Eastern Norway</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hallvard_Vebj%C3%B8rnsson" title="Hallvard Vebjørnsson">Hallvard Vebjørnsson</a> became the city's <a href="/wiki/Patron_saint" title="Patron saint">patron saint</a> and is depicted on the city's seal. </p><p>In 1174, <a href="/wiki/Hoved%C3%B8ya_Abbey" title="Hovedøya Abbey">Hovedøya Abbey</a> was built. The churches and abbeys became major owners of large tracts of land, which proved important for the city's economic development, especially before the Black Death. </p><p>At the end of the 12th century, <a href="/wiki/Hanseatic_League" title="Hanseatic League">Hanseatic League</a> traders from <a href="/wiki/Rostock" title="Rostock">Rostock</a> moved into the city and gained major influence in the city. </p><p>On 25 July 1197, <a href="/wiki/Sverre_of_Norway" title="Sverre of Norway">Sverre of Norway</a> and his soldiers attacked Oslo from <a href="/wiki/Hoved%C3%B8ya" title="Hovedøya">Hovedøya</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AttackFromHovedøya_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AttackFromHovedøya-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>, Oslo reached new heights during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Haakon_V_of_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Haakon V of Norway">Haakon V of Norway</a> (1299–1319). He was the first king to reside permanently in the city, and it has been regarded as the capital city of Norway since his reign. He also started the construction of the <a href="/wiki/Akershus_Fortress" title="Akershus Fortress">Akershus Fortress</a> and the Oslo <a href="/wiki/Kongsg%C3%A5rd" title="Kongsgård">Kongsgård</a>. </p><p>The Black Death came to Norway in 1349 and, like other cities in Europe, the city suffered greatly. The churches' earnings from their land dropped so much that the Hanseatic traders dominated the city's foreign trade in the 15th century. </p><p>In 1380, Norway was the weaker part in a <a href="/wiki/Personal_union" title="Personal union">personal union</a> with Denmark, and Oslo's role was reduced to that of provincial administrative centre, with the monarchs residing in <a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="17th_century">17th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oslo&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: 17th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Over the years, fires destroyed significant parts of the city multiple times, as many of the city's buildings were built entirely of wood. After the fourteenth calamity, in 1624, which lasted for three days, <a href="/wiki/Christian_IV_of_Denmark" title="Christian IV of Denmark">Christian IV of Denmark</a> decided that the old city should not be rebuilt again. His men built a network of roads on the other side of the bay in Akershagen near <a href="/wiki/Akershus_Castle" class="mw-redirect" title="Akershus Castle">Akershus Castle</a>. He demanded that all citizens move their shops and workplaces to the newly built city of "Christiania", named in his honor.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The part of the city built starting in 1624 is now often called <i>Kvadraturen <span class="noprint metadata ill"><small>[<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11982577" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q11982577">Wikidata</a>]</small></span></i> because of its orthogonal layout in regular, square blocks.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Anatomig%C3%A5rden" title="Anatomigården">Anatomigården</a> is a historic timber framing house located on the north side of Christiania Torv; it was built in 1640. </p><p>The transformation of Christiania went slowly for the first hundred years. However, outside of the city at <a href="/wiki/Vaterland,_Norway" title="Vaterland, Norway">Vaterland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%B8nland,_Oslo" title="Grønland, Oslo">Grønland</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Old_Town,_Oslo" title="Old Town, Oslo">old town of Oslo</a>, a new, unmanaged part of the city arose populated by citizens of lower class status.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The last <a href="/wiki/Black_Death" title="Black Death">Black Death</a> outbreak in Oslo occurred in 1654.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="18th_century">18th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oslo&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: 18th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the 18th century, after the <a href="/wiki/Great_Northern_War" title="Great Northern War">Great Northern War</a>, the city's economy boomed with shipbuilding and trade. The strong economy transformed Christiania into a trading port.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="19th_century">19th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oslo&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: 19th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Royal Frederick University (now the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oslo" title="University of Oslo">University of Oslo</a>) was founded in 1811; the fact that it was founded this late reportedly had an adverse effect on the development of the nation.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Palace,_Oslo_(2015).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Royal Palace" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Royal_Palace%2C_Oslo_%282015%29.JPG/220px-Royal_Palace%2C_Oslo_%282015%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Royal_Palace%2C_Oslo_%282015%29.JPG/330px-Royal_Palace%2C_Oslo_%282015%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Royal_Palace%2C_Oslo_%282015%29.JPG/440px-Royal_Palace%2C_Oslo_%282015%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3216" data-file-height="2136" /></a><figcaption>Royal Palace, Oslo (2015)</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1814 the former provincial town of Christiania became the capital of the independent Kingdom of Norway, when the union with Denmark was dissolved and replaced by a <a href="/wiki/Union_between_Sweden_and_Norway" title="Union between Sweden and Norway">personal union with Sweden</a>. Several state institutions were established and the city's role as a capital initiated a period of rapidly increasing population. The government of this new state needed buildings for its expanding administration and institutions. Several important buildings and landmarks were erected in the 19th century, including the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Palace,_Oslo" title="Royal Palace, Oslo">Royal Palace</a> (1825-1848), the <a href="/wiki/Oslo_Stock_Exchange" title="Oslo Stock Exchange">Stock Exchange</a> (1826-1828), the <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Bank of Norway">Bank of Norway</a> (1828), the <a href="/wiki/Storting" title="Storting">Storting</a> (1861-1866), the <a href="/wiki/National_Theatre_(Oslo)" title="National Theatre (Oslo)">National Theatre</a> (1899), and several <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oslo" title="University of Oslo">University</a> buildings. Among the world-famous artists who lived here during this period were <a href="/wiki/Henrik_Ibsen" title="Henrik Ibsen">Henrik Ibsen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Knut_Hamsun" title="Knut Hamsun">Knut Hamsun</a> (the latter was awarded the Nobel Prize for literature). </p><p>Large areas of the surrounding <a href="/wiki/Aker,_Norway" title="Aker, Norway">Aker municipality</a> were incorporated in 1839, 1859, and 1878. The 1859 expansion included <a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%BCnerl%C3%B8kka" title="Grünerløkka">Grünerløkka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%B8nland,_Oslo" title="Grønland, Oslo">Grønland</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Old_Town,_Oslo" title="Old Town, Oslo">Oslo</a>. At that time the area called <i>Oslo</i> (now <i>Gamlebyen</i> or Old Town) was a village or suburb outside the city borders east of Aker river.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The population increased from approximately 10.000 in 1814 to 230.000 in 1900. In 1850, Christiania overtook <a href="/wiki/Bergen" title="Bergen">Bergen</a> and became the most populous city in the country. Christiania expanded its industry from 1840, most importantly around <a href="/wiki/Akerselva" title="Akerselva">Akerselva</a>. There was a spectacular building boom during the last decades of the 19th century, with many new apartment buildings and renewal of the city center, but the boom collapsed in 1899. </p><p>In 1877 the city was renamed <i>Kristiania</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1900–present"><span id="1900.E2.80.93present"></span>1900–present</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oslo&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: 1900–present"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The city and municipality used the name <i>Kristiania</i> until 1 January 1925 when the original name of <i>Oslo</i> <a href="/wiki/Geographical_renaming" title="Geographical renaming">was restored</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was because Norway became fully independent in 1905, and Norwegians argued that a name memorializing a Danish king (<a href="/wiki/Christian_IV_of_Denmark" title="Christian IV of Denmark">Christian IV of Denmark</a>) was inappropriate as the name of the capital of their country.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The municipality developed new areas such as <a href="/wiki/Ullev%C3%A5l_Hageby" title="Ullevål Hageby">Ullevål garden city</a> (1918–1926) and <a href="/wiki/Torshov" title="Torshov">Torshov</a> (1917–1925). <a href="/wiki/Oslo_City_Hall" title="Oslo City Hall">City Hall</a> was constructed in the former slum area of <a href="/wiki/Vika,_Oslo" title="Vika, Oslo">Vika</a> from 1931 to 1950. In 1948, Oslo merged with <a href="/wiki/Aker,_Norway" title="Aker, Norway">Aker</a>, a municipality which surrounded the capital and was 27 times larger, thus creating the modern, vastly enlarged Oslo municipality. At the time, Aker was a mostly affluent, green suburban community, and the merger was unpopular in Aker.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other suburbs, such as <a href="/wiki/Lambertseter" title="Lambertseter">Lambertseter</a>, began to be developed in the 1950s. <a href="/wiki/Aker_Brygge" title="Aker Brygge">Aker Brygge</a> was constructed on the site of the former <a href="/wiki/Shipyard" title="Shipyard">shipyard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aker_ASA" title="Aker ASA">Akers Mekaniske Verksted</a>, from 1982 to 1998. </p><p>Norway was <a href="/wiki/Operation_Weser%C3%BCbung" title="Operation Weserübung">invaded by Germany</a> on 9 April 1940. Efforts to stop the invasion, most notably the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dr%C3%B8bak_Sound" title="Battle of Drøbak Sound">sinking of the <i>Blücher</i></a>, delayed the occupation of Oslo for several hours which allowed <a href="/wiki/Haakon_VII_of_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Haakon VII of Norway">King Haakon</a> to escape the city. Oslo remained occupied throughout the war until Germany capitulated in 1945. During this time, the occupying troops were harried by saboteurs in acts of resistance. On 31 December 1944, allied bombers missed their intended target and hit a tram, resulting in 79 civilian deaths.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/2011_Norway_attacks" title="2011 Norway attacks">2011 Norway attacks</a>, Oslo was hit by a bomb blast that ripped through the <a href="/wiki/Regjeringskvartalet" title="Regjeringskvartalet">Government Quarter</a>, damaging several buildings including the building that houses the <a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Prime_Minister_(Norway)" title="Office of the Prime Minister (Norway)">Office of the Prime Minister</a>. Eight people died in the bomb attack. </p><p>On 25 June 2022, two people were killed and 21 others injured in <a href="/wiki/2022_Oslo_shooting" title="2022 Oslo shooting">a mass shooting</a>. An Iranian-born Norwegian citizen was subsequently charged with "aggravated terrorism".<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_News-2022_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC_News-2022-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The city has continued to expand. For a few years, new large scale housing areas and infrastructure projects are being built and planned across the city, notably in <a href="/wiki/Hasle,_Oslo" title="Hasle, Oslo">Hasle</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Helsfyr" title="Helsfyr">Helsfyr</a>, <sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><a href="/wiki/Bj%C3%B8rvika" title="Bjørvika">Bjørvika</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Nydalen" title="Nydalen">Nydalen</a><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Sinsen" title="Sinsen">Sinsen</a>, this is increasing the density in and around <a href="/wiki/Ring_2_(Oslo)" title="Ring 2 (Oslo)">Ring 2</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ring_3_(Oslo)" title="Ring 3 (Oslo)">Ring 3</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Fornebu_Line" title="Fornebu Line">Fornebu line</a> on the metro is under construction as of 2024, and further subway lines crossing the inner city are being planned.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oslo&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Hadelandsh%C3%B8gda" title="Hadelandshøgda">Hadelandshøgda</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oslo_Graben" title="Oslo Graben">Oslo Graben</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Oslo_by_Sentinel-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Oslo_by_Sentinel-2.jpg/220px-Oslo_by_Sentinel-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Oslo_by_Sentinel-2.jpg/330px-Oslo_by_Sentinel-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Oslo_by_Sentinel-2.jpg/440px-Oslo_by_Sentinel-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4737" data-file-height="4206" /></a><figcaption>Satellite image of Oslo, July 2018</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tettstedet_Oslo_2005.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Tettstedet_Oslo_2005.png/300px-Tettstedet_Oslo_2005.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Tettstedet_Oslo_2005.png/450px-Tettstedet_Oslo_2005.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Tettstedet_Oslo_2005.png/600px-Tettstedet_Oslo_2005.png 2x" data-file-width="985" data-file-height="564" /></a><figcaption>A map of the urban areas of Oslo in 2005. The grey area in the middle indicates Oslo's city centre.</figcaption></figure> <p>Oslo occupies an arc of land at the northernmost end of the <a href="/wiki/Oslofjord" title="Oslofjord">Oslofjord</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Fjord" title="Fjord">fjord</a>, which is nearly bisected by the <a href="/wiki/Nesodden" title="Nesodden">Nesodden</a> peninsula opposite Oslo, lies to the south; in all other directions Oslo is surrounded by green hills and mountains. There are 40 islands within the city limits, the largest being <a href="/wiki/Malm%C3%B8ya" title="Malmøya">Malmøya</a> (0.56 km<sup>2</sup> or 0.22 sq mi), and scores more around the Oslofjord. Oslo has 343 lakes, the largest being <a href="/wiki/Maridalsvannet" title="Maridalsvannet">Maridalsvannet</a> (3.91 km<sup>2</sup> or 1.51 sq mi). This is also a main source of drinking water for large parts of Oslo. </p><p>Although <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Norway" title="Eastern Norway">Eastern Norway</a> has a number of rivers, none of these flow into the ocean at Oslo. Instead Oslo has two smaller rivers: <a href="/wiki/Akerselva" title="Akerselva">Akerselva</a> (draining Maridalsvannet, which flows into the fjord in <a href="/wiki/Bj%C3%B8rvika" title="Bjørvika">Bjørvika</a>), and <a href="/wiki/Alna_River" title="Alna River">Alna</a>. The waterfalls in Akerselva gave power to some of the first modern industry of Norway in the 1840s. Later in the century, the river became the symbol of the stable and consistent economic and social divide of the city into <a href="/wiki/East_End_and_West_End_of_Oslo" title="East End and West End of Oslo">an East End and a West End</a>; the labourers' neighbourhoods lie on both sides of the river, and the divide in reality follows Uelands street a bit further west. River Alna flows through Groruddalen, Oslo's major suburb and industrial area. The highest point is Kirkeberget, at 629 m (2,064 ft). Although the city's population is small compared to most European capitals, it occupies an unusually large land area, of which two-thirds are <a href="/wiki/Protected_area" title="Protected area">protected areas</a> of forests, hills and lakes. Its boundaries encompass many <a href="/wiki/Parks_and_open_spaces_in_Oslo" title="Parks and open spaces in Oslo">parks and open areas</a>, giving it an airy and green appearance. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:908px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tjuvholmen_Aker_brygge.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Tjuvholmen_Aker_brygge.jpg/900px-Tjuvholmen_Aker_brygge.jpg" decoding="async" width="900" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Tjuvholmen_Aker_brygge.jpg/1350px-Tjuvholmen_Aker_brygge.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Tjuvholmen_Aker_brygge.jpg/1800px-Tjuvholmen_Aker_brygge.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7000" data-file-height="855" /></a></span></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oslo&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Oslo has a <a href="/wiki/Humid_continental_climate" title="Humid continental climate">humid continental climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a>: <i>Dfb</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-en.climate-data.org_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-en.climate-data.org-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or, if the original <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate" class="mw-redirect" title="Köppen climate">Köppen</a> winter threshold −3 °C (27 °F) is used, an <a href="/wiki/Oceanic_climate" title="Oceanic climate">oceanic climate</a> (<i>Cfb</i>) bordering on a <a href="/wiki/Humid_continental_climate" title="Humid continental climate">humid continental climate</a> in the 1991–2020 base period. Oslo has some of the warmest summers of Norway and fairly cold winters.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Oslo receives a fair amount of precipitation during the year.<sup id="cite_ref-en.climate-data.org_59-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-en.climate-data.org-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The driest seasons are winter and spring, and the wettest are summer and autumn. Because of the city's northern latitude, daylight varies greatly, from more than 18 hours in midsummer, when it never gets completely dark at night (no darker than <a href="/wiki/Nautical_twilight" class="mw-redirect" title="Nautical twilight">nautical twilight</a>), to around 6 hours in midwinter.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The warmest month on record is July 1901 with mean 22.7 °C (72.9 °F), and the all-time high 35 °C (95 °F) was also recorded in July 1901.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The warmest month in more recent years is July 2018 with mean 22.2 °C (72.0 °F) and average daily high 29 °C (84.2 °F). The record summer of 2018 also recorded the warmest May and May all-time high with 31.1 °C (88.0 °F) on 30th, and 2018 was even the sunniest year on record with 2133 sunhours.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On <a href="/wiki/2018_European_heat_wave" class="mw-redirect" title="2018 European heat wave">27 July 2018</a>, the temperature in Oslo rose to 34.6 °C (94.3 °F), the hottest recorded since 1937, when weather recordings started at Blindern. In January, on average three out of four days are below freezing (0 °C [32 °F]) and one out of four days is colder than −10 °C (14 °F) (1961–1990).<sup id="cite_ref-met.no_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-met.no-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The coldest temperature recorded is −29.6 °C (−21.3 °F), on 21 January 1841, while the coldest recorded at Blindern is −26 °C (−14.8 °F) in January 1941. The coldest temperature more recently was on 6 January 2024, where the temperature reached -23.1 °C (-17 °F) at Oslo-Blindern, which is the coldest measured temperature since January 1987. The coldest month on record is January 1941 and also January 1947 with mean −12.9 °C (8.8 °F) and average daily low −16.7 °C (1.9 °F). The average date for the last overnight freeze (low below 0 °C, 32.0 °F) in spring is 23 April<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and average date for first freeze in autumn is 17 October<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> giving a frost-free season of 176 days (1981–2010 average for Blindern). Oslo sits right on the border between <a href="/wiki/Hardiness_zones" class="mw-redirect" title="Hardiness zones">hardiness zones</a> 7a and 7b. </p><p>Oslo Gardermoen airport is located 35 km northeast of Oslo and has a <a href="/wiki/Humid_continental_climate" title="Humid continental climate">humid continental climate</a> (Köppen climate classification: <i>Dfb</i>) bordering on a <a href="/wiki/Subarctic_climate" title="Subarctic climate">subarctic climate</a> (Köppen climate classification: <i>Dfc</i>) in the 1991–2020 base period.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Oslo (Blindern), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1937-present </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFC790; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.5<br />(54.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFBE7E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.8<br />(56.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF8914; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.5<br />(70.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF6E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.4<br />(77.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF4700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.1<br />(88.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF3500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.7<br />(92.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF2F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.6<br />(94.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF3200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.2<br />(93.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF6200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.2<br />(81.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF8D1B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.0<br />(69.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFAF5F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.1<br />(61.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFC78F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.6<br />(54.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF2F00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">34.6<br />(94.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFF1E4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.4<br />(43.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFE8D2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.7<br />(45.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFC388; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.1<br />(55.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF9D3C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.6<br />(65.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF7400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.6<br />(76.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF6400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.9<br />(80.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF5900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.5<br />(83.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF6600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.7<br />(80.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF870F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.9<br />(71.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFB266; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.6<br />(60.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFD4AA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.6<br />(51.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBD8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.3<br />(45.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF5200; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">29.6<br />(85.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1<br />(32.2) </td> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.1<br />(34.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFF9F3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.3<br />(41.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.0<br />(51.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFAA56; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.7<br />(62.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF9123; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.4<br />(68.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF8104; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.7<br />(72.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF8B17; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.3<br />(70.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFAC5A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.4<br />(61.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFDBB8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.6<br />(49.3) </td> <td style="background: #FEFEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.4<br />(39.9) </td> <td style="background: #EBEBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.9<br />(33.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFD3A8; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">10.8<br />(51.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #DADAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.3<br />(27.9) </td> <td style="background: #DCDCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.9<br />(28.6) </td> <td style="background: #EDEDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.3<br />(34.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFF3E7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.2<br />(43.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFCF9F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.4<br />(52.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFB46A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.3<br />(59.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFA44A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.6<br />(63.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFAC59; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.5<br />(61.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFCA96; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.1<br />(53.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFF1E3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.5<br />(43.7) </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.1<br />(35.8) </td> <td style="background: #DFDFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.4<br />(29.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFEDDC; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">7.0<br />(44.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #CDCDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.7<br />(23.5) </td> <td style="background: #CDCDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.7<br />(23.5) </td> <td style="background: #DBDBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.1<br />(28.2) </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.1<br />(35.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFEFDF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.8<br />(44.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFD3A8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.8<br />(51.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFC184; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.4<br />(56.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFC790; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.5<br />(54.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFE2C6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.6<br />(47.5) </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.8<br />(38.8) </td> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">-0.0<br />(32.0) </td> <td style="background: #D2D2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.7<br />(25.3) </td> <td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">3.6<br />(38.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #9C9CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−13.8<br />(7.2) </td> <td style="background: #9E9EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−13.3<br />(8.1) </td> <td style="background: #B4B4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−9.3<br />(15.3) </td> <td style="background: #D3D3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.5<br />(25.7) </td> <td style="background: #EAEAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.7<br />(33.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFF4EA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.0<br />(42.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFDFC0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.0<br />(48.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFECD9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.2<br />(45.0) </td> <td style="background: #F4F4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.5<br />(36.5) </td> <td style="background: #D8D8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.6<br />(27.3) </td> <td style="background: #C1C1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−6.9<br />(19.6) </td> <td style="background: #A6A6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−11.9<br />(10.6) </td> <td style="background: #9090FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−15.9<br />(3.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #5A5AFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−26.0<br />(−14.8) </td> <td style="background: #6060FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−24.9<br />(−12.8) </td> <td style="background: #7373FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−21.3<br />(−6.3) </td> <td style="background: #9696FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−14.9<br />(5.2) </td> <td style="background: #D4D4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.4<br />(25.9) </td> <td style="background: #EEEEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.4<br />(34.5) </td> <td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.7<br />(38.7) </td> <td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.7<br />(38.7) </td> <td style="background: #D4D4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.3<br />(26.1) </td> <td style="background: #BBBBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−8.0<br />(17.6) </td> <td style="background: #9090FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−16.0<br />(3.2) </td> <td style="background: #7676FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−20.8<br />(−5.4) </td> <td style="background: #5A5AFF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−26.0<br />(−14.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #A8FFA8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">57.9<br />(2.28) </td> <td style="background: #B6FFB6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">44.6<br />(1.76) </td> <td style="background: #C1FFC1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">41.4<br />(1.63) </td> <td style="background: #B4FFB4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">48.3<br />(1.90) </td> <td style="background: #A5FFA5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">60.1<br />(2.37) </td> <td style="background: #84FF84; color:#000000;" class="notheme">79.7<br />(3.14) </td> <td style="background: #7DFF7D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">86.7<br />(3.41) </td> <td style="background: #65FF65; color:#000000;" class="notheme">102.7<br />(4.04) </td> <td style="background: #80FF80; color:#000000;" class="notheme">82.2<br />(3.24) </td> <td style="background: #73FF73; color:#000000;" class="notheme">93.4<br />(3.68) </td> <td style="background: #7CFF7C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">84.6<br />(3.33) </td> <td style="background: #AFFFAF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">53.6<br />(2.11) </td> <td style="background: #95FF95; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">835.2<br />(32.89) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowfall cm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #003000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">44<br />(17) </td> <td style="background: #003000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">36<br />(14) </td> <td style="background: #003E00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">30<br />(12) </td> <td style="background: #D0FFD0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3<br />(1.2) </td> <td style="background: #FAFFFA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.3<br />(0.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FAFFFA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.3<br />(0.1) </td> <td style="background: #83FF83; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8<br />(3.1) </td> <td style="background: #01FF01; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17<br />(6.7) </td> <td style="background: #4FFF4F; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">138.6<br />(54.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days </th> <td style="background: #8282FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.1 </td> <td style="background: #9292FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.0 </td> <td style="background: #A4A4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.3 </td> <td style="background: #9A9AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.9 </td> <td style="background: #8E8EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.1 </td> <td style="background: #7F7FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.0 </td> <td style="background: #7474FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.2 </td> <td style="background: #7373FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.3 </td> <td style="background: #8989FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.2 </td> <td style="background: #7C7CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.6 </td> <td style="background: #7070FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.2 </td> <td style="background: #8383FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.0 </td> <td style="background: #8585FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">115.9 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000BF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">83.3 </td> <td style="background: #0000CF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">79.2 </td> <td style="background: #0000F0; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">70.4 </td> <td style="background: #0707FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">64.7 </td> <td style="background: #1212FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">61.8 </td> <td style="background: #0A0AFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">63.8 </td> <td style="background: #0000F9; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">68.1 </td> <td style="background: #0000EB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">71.8 </td> <td style="background: #0000DC; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">75.6 </td> <td style="background: #0000CB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">80.1 </td> <td style="background: #0000BD; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">83.7 </td> <td style="background: #0000BA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">84.7 </td> <td style="background: #0000E3; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">73.9 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #555555; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">46.8 </td> <td style="background: #9B9B9B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">77.4 </td> <td style="background: #C1C11F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">143.5 </td> <td style="background: #D4D400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">181.6 </td> <td style="background: #E3E300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">250.8 </td> <td style="background: #E2E200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">240.8 </td> <td style="background: #E1E100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">242.8 </td> <td style="background: #D9D900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">208.0 </td> <td style="background: #C8C800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">154.1 </td> <td style="background: #AAAAA8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">93.6 </td> <td style="background: #606060; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">51.0 </td> <td style="background: #3E3E3E; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">34.2 </td> <td style="background: #C2C217; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,724.6 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Percent <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">possible sunshine</a> </th> <td style="background: #CACA00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22 </td> <td style="background: #DDDD00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30 </td> <td style="background: #ECEC06; color:#000000;" class="notheme">39 </td> <td style="background: #F1F112; color:#000000;" class="notheme">42 </td> <td style="background: #F9F926; color:#000000;" class="notheme">47 </td> <td style="background: #F3F316; color:#000000;" class="notheme">43 </td> <td style="background: #F4F41A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">44 </td> <td style="background: #F3F316; color:#000000;" class="notheme">43 </td> <td style="background: #EEEE0A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">40 </td> <td style="background: #DDDD00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30 </td> <td style="background: #CACA00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22 </td> <td style="background: #BCBC39; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18 </td> <td style="background: #E5E500; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">35 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Ultraviolet_index" title="Ultraviolet index">ultraviolet index</a> </th> <td style="background: #3EA72D; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #3EA72D; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">1 </td> <td style="background: #3EA72D; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">1 </td> <td style="background: #FFF300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3 </td> <td style="background: #FFF300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4 </td> <td style="background: #FFF300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5 </td> <td style="background: #FFF300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5 </td> <td style="background: #FFF300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4 </td> <td style="background: #FFF300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3 </td> <td style="background: #3EA72D; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">1 </td> <td style="background: #3EA72D; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #3EA72D; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #3EA72D; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: Seklima<sup id="cite_ref-Seklima_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Seklima-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <p>and Weather Atlas<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <p><br /> </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Oslo (Blindern), 1961–1990 normals and extremes </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFC790; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.5<br />(54.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFC58C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.8<br />(55.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFA852; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.0<br />(62.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF8710; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.8<br />(71.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF5F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.7<br />(81.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF4000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.2<br />(90.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF4B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.5<br />(86.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF3200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.2<br />(93.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF7200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.9<br />(76.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF8D1B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.0<br />(69.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA76; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.4<br />(57.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFC892; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.4<br />(54.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF3200; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">34.2<br />(93.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFFAF5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.2<br />(41.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFF3E8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.1<br />(43.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.9<br />(51.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFA954; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.9<br />(62.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF7B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.6<br />(74.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF5F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.6<br />(81.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF5F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.6<br />(81.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF6D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.6<br />(78.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF8F1F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.7<br />(69.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFB367; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.5<br />(59.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFDAB5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.8<br />(49.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFEFDF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.8<br />(44.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF5600; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">28.9<br />(84.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #DDDDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.8<br />(28.8) </td> <td style="background: #E1E1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.9<br />(30.4) </td> <td style="background: #F9F9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.5<br />(38.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFDFBF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.1<br />(48.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFB163; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.8<br />(60.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF9123; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.4<br />(68.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF8914; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.5<br />(70.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF9327; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.1<br />(68.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFB56C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.1<br />(59.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFDDBC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.3<br />(48.7) </td> <td style="background: #F7F7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.2<br />(37.8) </td> <td style="background: #E4E4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.5<br />(31.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFDBB8; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">9.6<br />(49.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #D0D0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.2<br />(24.4) </td> <td style="background: #D1D1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.0<br />(24.8) </td> <td style="background: #E5E5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.2<br />(31.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFFEFD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.6<br />(40.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFD4A9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.7<br />(51.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFB56B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.2<br />(59.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFAC5A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.4<br />(61.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFB46A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.3<br />(59.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.0<br />(51.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFF1E4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.4<br />(43.5) </td> <td style="background: #EBEBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.8<br />(33.4) </td> <td style="background: #D6D6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.0<br />(26.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFF6ED; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">5.8<br />(42.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #C2C2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−6.8<br />(19.8) </td> <td style="background: #C2C2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−6.8<br />(19.8) </td> <td style="background: #D4D4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.3<br />(26.1) </td> <td style="background: #EBEBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.8<br />(33.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFF1E3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.5<br />(43.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFD4AA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.6<br />(51.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFC994; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.2<br />(54.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFD0A1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.3<br />(52.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFEAD5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.5<br />(45.5) </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.8<br />(38.8) </td> <td style="background: #DEDEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.5<br />(29.3) </td> <td style="background: #C8C8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5.6<br />(21.9) </td> <td style="background: #F3F3FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2.4<br />(36.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #8F8FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−16.1<br />(3.0) </td> <td style="background: #9393FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−15.4<br />(4.3) </td> <td style="background: #A8A8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−11.6<br />(11.1) </td> <td style="background: #CCCCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.9<br />(23.2) </td> <td style="background: #EBEBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.9<br />(33.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFF8F1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.5<br />(41.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFEAD5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.5<br />(45.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFF1E4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.4<br />(43.5) </td> <td style="background: #EDEDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.3<br />(34.3) </td> <td style="background: #D8D8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.7<br />(27.1) </td> <td style="background: #B5B5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−9.1<br />(15.6) </td> <td style="background: #9797FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−14.6<br />(5.7) </td> <td style="background: #8080FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−18.9<br />(−2.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #6363FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−24.3<br />(−11.7) </td> <td style="background: #6060FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−24.9<br />(−12.8) </td> <td style="background: #7979FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−20.2<br />(−4.4) </td> <td style="background: #B1B1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−9.8<br />(14.4) </td> <td style="background: #D8D8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.7<br />(27.1) </td> <td style="background: #EEEEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.4<br />(34.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFFBF8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.0<br />(41.0) </td> <td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.7<br />(38.7) </td> <td style="background: #DBDBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.0<br />(28.4) </td> <td style="background: #BEBEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−7.4<br />(18.7) </td> <td style="background: #9090FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−16.0<br />(3.2) </td> <td style="background: #7676FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−20.8<br />(−5.4) </td> <td style="background: #6060FF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−24.9<br />(−12.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #B6FFB6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">48.9<br />(1.93) </td> <td style="background: #C4FFC4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.0<br />(1.42) </td> <td style="background: #B9FFB9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">46.8<br />(1.84) </td> <td style="background: #C0FFC0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">40.7<br />(1.60) </td> <td style="background: #B0FFB0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">52.7<br />(2.07) </td> <td style="background: #9AFF9A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">65.3<br />(2.57) </td> <td style="background: #86FF86; color:#000000;" class="notheme">80.6<br />(3.17) </td> <td style="background: #7AFF7A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">89.2<br />(3.51) </td> <td style="background: #74FF74; color:#000000;" class="notheme">90.1<br />(3.55) </td> <td style="background: #81FF81; color:#000000;" class="notheme">83.9<br />(3.30) </td> <td style="background: #8EFF8E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">73.0<br />(2.87) </td> <td style="background: #ACFFAC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">55.1<br />(2.17) </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">762.3<br />(30) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days </th> <td style="background: #8C8CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.3 </td> <td style="background: #9999FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.5 </td> <td style="background: #9797FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.4 </td> <td style="background: #A1A1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.3 </td> <td style="background: #9898FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.3 </td> <td style="background: #8282FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.8 </td> <td style="background: #7878FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.9 </td> <td style="background: #7878FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.9 </td> <td style="background: #7272FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.0 </td> <td style="background: #7777FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.0 </td> <td style="background: #7E7EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.1 </td> <td style="background: #9292FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.8 </td> <td style="background: #8888FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">113.3 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #4A4A4A; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">40.5 </td> <td style="background: #989898; color:#000000;" class="notheme">76.0 </td> <td style="background: #B9B94F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">126.0 </td> <td style="background: #D3D300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">178.0 </td> <td style="background: #DCDC00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">220.2 </td> <td style="background: #E4E400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">249.6 </td> <td style="background: #E2E200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">245.8 </td> <td style="background: #DBDB00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">215.8 </td> <td style="background: #C3C310; color:#000000;" class="notheme">144.3 </td> <td style="background: #9D9D9D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">86.4 </td> <td style="background: #606060; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">51.2 </td> <td style="background: #404040; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">35.2 </td> <td style="background: #C0C024; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,669 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Percent <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">possible sunshine</a> </th> <td style="background: #C0C025; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19 </td> <td style="background: #DBDB00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29 </td> <td style="background: #E5E500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35 </td> <td style="background: #EFEF0E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">41 </td> <td style="background: #EFEF0E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">41 </td> <td style="background: #F6F61E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">45 </td> <td style="background: #F4F41A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">44 </td> <td style="background: #F6F61E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">45 </td> <td style="background: #E8E800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37 </td> <td style="background: #D7D700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27 </td> <td style="background: #CDCD00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23 </td> <td style="background: #C0C025; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19 </td> <td style="background: #E3E300; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">34 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: Seklima<sup id="cite_ref-Seklima_70-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Seklima-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Parks_and_recreation_areas">Parks and recreation areas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oslo&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Parks and recreation areas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Parks_and_open_spaces_in_Oslo" title="Parks and open spaces in Oslo">Parks and open spaces in Oslo</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Oslo,_Vigeland_Park_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Oslo%2C_Vigeland_Park_%282%29.jpg/220px-Oslo%2C_Vigeland_Park_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Oslo%2C_Vigeland_Park_%282%29.jpg/330px-Oslo%2C_Vigeland_Park_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Oslo%2C_Vigeland_Park_%282%29.jpg/440px-Oslo%2C_Vigeland_Park_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3714" data-file-height="2700" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Vigeland_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Vigeland Park">Vigeland Park</a> in Oslo</figcaption></figure> <p>Oslo has many parks and green areas within the city core, as well as outside it. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frogner_Park" title="Frogner Park">Frogner Park</a> is a large park located a few minutes' walk away from the city centre. This is the biggest and best-known park in Norway, with a large collection of sculptures by <a href="/wiki/Gustav_Vigeland" title="Gustav Vigeland">Gustav Vigeland</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bygd%C3%B8y" title="Bygdøy">Bygdøy</a> is a large green area, commonly called the Museum Peninsula of Oslo. The area is surrounded by the sea and is one of the most expensive districts in Norway.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekebergparken_Sculpture_Park" title="Ekebergparken Sculpture Park">Ekebergparken Sculpture Park</a> is a sculpture park and a national heritage park with a panoramic view of the city at <a href="/wiki/Ekeberg" title="Ekeberg">Ekeberg</a> in the southeast of the city.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Hanshaugen_Park" title="St. Hanshaugen Park">St. Hanshaugen Park</a> is an old public park on a high hill in central Oslo. "St. Hanshaugen" is also the name of the surrounding neighbourhood as well as the larger administrative district (borough) that includes major parts of central Oslo.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%B8yen_Park" title="Tøyen Park">Tøyen Park</a> stretches out behind the old <a href="/wiki/Munch_Museum" title="Munch Museum">Munch Museum</a>, and is a vast, grassy expanse. In the north, there is a lookout point known as Ola Narr. The Tøyen area also includes the <a href="/wiki/University_Botanical_Garden_(Oslo)" title="University Botanical Garden (Oslo)">Botanical Garden</a> and Museum belonging to the University of Oslo.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Oslo (with neighbouring Sandvika-Asker) is built in a horseshoe shape on the shores of the Oslofjord and limited in most directions by hills and forests. As a result, any point within the city is relatively close to the forest. There are two major forests bordering the city: <i><a href="/wiki/%C3%98stmarka" title="Østmarka">Østmarka</a></i> (literally "Eastern Forest", on the eastern perimeter of the city), and the very large <i><a href="/wiki/Nordmarka" title="Nordmarka">Nordmarka</a></i> (literally "Northern Forest", stretching from the northern perimeter of the city deep into the hinterland). </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sognsvann" title="Sognsvann">Sognsvann</a> is a lake in Oslomarka, located at the land border, just north of Oslo. Sognsvann was drinking water for Oslo from 1876 to 1967.</li></ul> <p>The lake's altitude above sea level is 183 metres. The water is in a popular hiking area. Near the water itself, it is great for barbecues, swimming, beach volleyball and other activities. </p><p>The municipality operates eight public swimming pools.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/T%C3%B8yenbadet" title="Tøyenbadet">Tøyenbadet</a> is the largest indoor swimming facility in Oslo and one of the few pools in Norway offering a 50-metre main pool. Another in that size is the outdoor pool <a href="/wiki/Frognerbadet" title="Frognerbadet">Frognerbadet</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cityscape">Cityscape</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oslo&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Cityscape"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:388px;max-width:388px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:192px;max-width:192px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:19-08-25-Oslo_Holmenkollenbakken-RalfR.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/19-08-25-Oslo_Holmenkollenbakken-RalfR.jpg/190px-19-08-25-Oslo_Holmenkollenbakken-RalfR.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/19-08-25-Oslo_Holmenkollenbakken-RalfR.jpg/285px-19-08-25-Oslo_Holmenkollenbakken-RalfR.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/19-08-25-Oslo_Holmenkollenbakken-RalfR.jpg/380px-19-08-25-Oslo_Holmenkollenbakken-RalfR.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3435" data-file-height="2626" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Holmenkollen" title="Holmenkollen">Holmenkollen</a> ski jump</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:192px;max-width:192px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bryggetorget1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Bryggetorget1.JPG/190px-Bryggetorget1.JPG" decoding="async" width="190" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Bryggetorget1.JPG/285px-Bryggetorget1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Bryggetorget1.JPG/380px-Bryggetorget1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bryggetorget_(Oslo)" class="extiw" title="no:Bryggetorget (Oslo)">Bryggetorget</a></div></div></div></div></div> <p>Oslo's cityscape is being redeveloped as a modern city with various access-points, an extensive metro-system with a new financial district and a cultural city. In 2008, an exhibition was held in London presenting the award-winning <a href="/wiki/Oslo_Opera_House" title="Oslo Opera House">Oslo Opera House</a>, the urban regeneration scheme of Oslo's seafront, <a href="/wiki/Munch/Stenersen" title="Munch/Stenersen">Munch/Stenersen</a> and the new Deichman Library. Most of the buildings in the city and in neighbouring communities are low in height with only the <a href="/wiki/Oslo_Plaza" class="mw-redirect" title="Oslo Plaza">Plaza</a>, <a href="/wiki/Posthuset_(building)" title="Posthuset (building)">Posthuset</a> and the highrises at Bjørvika considerably taller.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Architecture">Architecture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oslo&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Norway" title="Architecture of Norway">Architecture of Norway</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fjordbyen.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Fjordbyen.gif/220px-Fjordbyen.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="202" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Fjordbyen.gif/330px-Fjordbyen.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Fjordbyen.gif/440px-Fjordbyen.gif 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="550" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Fjordbyen" class="mw-redirect" title="Fjordbyen">Fjordbyen</a> is a large construction project in the seaside of central Oslo, stretching from <a href="/wiki/Bygd%C3%B8y" title="Bygdøy">Bygdøy</a> in the west to <a href="/wiki/Orm%C3%B8ya" title="Ormøya">Ormøya</a> in the east. Some areas include: <a href="/wiki/Bj%C3%B8rvika" title="Bjørvika">Bjørvika</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aker_brygge" class="mw-redirect" title="Aker brygge">Aker brygge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tjuvholmen" title="Tjuvholmen">Tjuvholmen</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Oslo_Central_Station" title="Oslo Central Station">central station</a> area.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_window_in_Aker_Brygge,_Oslo_N.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/A_window_in_Aker_Brygge%2C_Oslo_N.jpg/220px-A_window_in_Aker_Brygge%2C_Oslo_N.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/A_window_in_Aker_Brygge%2C_Oslo_N.jpg/330px-A_window_in_Aker_Brygge%2C_Oslo_N.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/A_window_in_Aker_Brygge%2C_Oslo_N.jpg/440px-A_window_in_Aker_Brygge%2C_Oslo_N.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>Detail of modern architecture at <a href="/wiki/Aker_Brygge" title="Aker Brygge">Aker Brygge</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Oslo's architecture is very diverse. The architect <a href="/wiki/Carl_Frederik_Stanley" title="Carl Frederik Stanley">Carl Frederik Stanley</a> (1769–1805), who was educated in <a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a>, spent some years in Norway around the turn of the 19th century. He undertook some minor commissions for wealthy patrons in and around Oslo, but his major achievement was the renovation of the <a href="/wiki/Oslo_Katedralskole" class="mw-redirect" title="Oslo Katedralskole">Oslo Katedralskole</a>, completed in 1800.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He added a classical portico to the front of an older structure, and a semicircular auditorium that was sequestered by Parliament in 1814 as a temporary place to assemble, now preserved at <a href="/wiki/Norsk_Folkemuseum" class="mw-redirect" title="Norsk Folkemuseum">Norsk Folkemuseum</a> as a national monument. </p><p>When Christiania was made capital of Norway in 1814, there were practically no buildings suitable for the many new government institutions. An ambitious building program was initiated, but realised very slowly because of economic constraints. The first major undertaking was the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Palace,_Oslo" title="Royal Palace, Oslo">Royal Palace</a>, designed by <a href="/wiki/Hans_Linstow" title="Hans Linstow">Hans Linstow</a> and built between 1824 and 1848. Linstow also planned <a href="/wiki/Karl_Johans_gate" title="Karl Johans gate">Karl Johans gate</a>, the avenue connecting the Palace and the city, with a monumental square halfway to be surrounded by buildings for <a href="/wiki/Oslo_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Oslo University">University</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Stortinget" class="mw-redirect" title="Stortinget">Parliament</a> (Storting) and other institutions. Only the university buildings were realised according to this plan. <a href="/wiki/Christian_Heinrich_Grosch" title="Christian Heinrich Grosch">Christian Heinrich Grosch</a>, one of the first architects educated completely within Norway, designed the original building for the <a href="/wiki/Oslo_Stock_Exchange" title="Oslo Stock Exchange">Oslo Stock Exchange</a> (1826–1828), the local branch of the <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Bank of Norway">Bank of Norway</a> (1828), <a href="/wiki/Christiania_Theatre" title="Christiania Theatre">Christiania Theatre</a> (1836–1837), and the first campus for the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oslo" title="University of Oslo">University of Oslo</a> (1841–1856). For the university buildings, he sought the assistance of the renowned German architect <a href="/wiki/Karl_Friedrich_Schinkel" title="Karl Friedrich Schinkel">Karl Friedrich Schinkel</a>. German architectural influence persisted in Norway, and many wooden buildings followed the principles of <a href="/wiki/Neoclassicism" title="Neoclassicism">Neoclassicism</a>. In Oslo, the German architect <a href="/wiki/Alexis_de_Chateauneuf" title="Alexis de Chateauneuf">Alexis de Chateauneuf</a> designed <a href="/wiki/Trefoldighetskirken_(Oslo)" class="mw-redirect" title="Trefoldighetskirken (Oslo)">Trefoldighetskirken</a>, the first neo-gothic church, completed by von Hanno in 1858. </p><p>A number of landmark buildings, particularly in Oslo, were built in the <a href="/wiki/Functionalism_(architecture)" title="Functionalism (architecture)">Functionalist</a> style (better known in the US and Britain as Modernist), the first being <a href="/w/index.php?title=Skansen_restaurant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skansen restaurant (page does not exist)">Skansen restaurant</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skansen_restaurant" class="extiw" title="no:Skansen restaurant">no</a>]</span> (1925–1927) by <a href="/wiki/Lars_Backer" title="Lars Backer">Lars Backer</a>, demolished in 1970. Backer also designed the restaurant at Ekeberg, which opened in 1929. <a href="/wiki/Kunstnernes_Hus" title="Kunstnernes Hus">Kunstnernes Hus</a> art gallery by <a href="/wiki/Gudolf_Blakstad" title="Gudolf Blakstad">Gudolf Blakstad</a> and <a href="/wiki/Herman_Munthe-Kaas" title="Herman Munthe-Kaas">Herman Munthe-Kaas</a> (1930) still shows the influence of the preceding classicist trend of the 1920s. The redevelopment of <a href="/wiki/Gardermoen" class="mw-redirect" title="Gardermoen">Oslo Airport</a> (by the Aviaplan consortium) at Gardermoen, which opened in 1998, was Norway's largest construction project to date. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics_and_government">Politics and government</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oslo&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Politics and government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Politics_and_government_of_Oslo" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics and government of Oslo">Politics and government of Oslo</a></div> <table class="wikitable floatright"> <caption>Oslo City Council after 2023<sup id="cite_ref-x067_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-x067-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Party</th> <th>Seats</th> <th>+/- </th></tr> <tr> <td>Conservative</td> <td>20</td> <td>+5 <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Labour</td> <td>11</td> <td>-1 <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Green</td> <td>6</td> <td>-3 <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Socialist Left</td> <td>6</td> <td>0 <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Liberal</td> <td>6</td> <td>+2 <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Progress</td> <td>4</td> <td>+1 <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Red</td> <td>4</td> <td>0 <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Christian Democrats</td> <td>1</td> <td>0 <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Centre</td> <td>1</td> <td>+1 <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Total</b></td> <td><b>59</b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Oslo is the capital of Norway, and as such is the seat of Norway's national government. Most government offices, including that of the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Norway" title="Prime Minister of Norway">Prime Minister</a>, are gathered at <i>Regjeringskvartalet</i>, a cluster of buildings close to the national Parliament, the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Norway">Storting</a>. </p><p>Constituting both a municipality and a county of Norway, the city of Oslo is represented in the Storting by twenty members of parliament. The <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservative Party of Norway">Conservative Party</a> is the most represented party in Oslo with five members, the <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Labour_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Norwegian Labour Party">Labour Party</a> has four, the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal Party of Norway">Liberals</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Left_Party_(Norway)" title="Socialist Left Party (Norway)">Socialist Left Party</a> have three each; the <a href="/wiki/Green_Party_(Norway)" title="Green Party (Norway)">Green Party</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Red_Party_(Norway)" title="Red Party (Norway)">Red Party</a> have two each and the <a href="/wiki/Progress_Party_(Norway)" title="Progress Party (Norway)">Progress Party</a> has one.<sup id="cite_ref-m595_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m595-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The combined municipality and county of Oslo has had a <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_system" title="Parliamentary system">parliamentary system</a> of government since 1986. The supreme authority of the city is the City Council (<i>Bystyret</i>), which has 59 seats. Representatives are popularly elected every four years. The city council has five <a href="/wiki/Standing_committees" class="mw-redirect" title="Standing committees">standing committees</a>, each having its own areas of responsibility. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Recent_elections">Recent elections</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oslo&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Recent elections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The largest parties in the City Council after the 2015-elections were the Labour Party and the Conservatives, with 20 and 19 representatives respectively. After 2015, the <a href="/wiki/Local_government" title="Local government">city government</a> was a coalition of the Labour Party, the Green Party and the Socialist Left. With support from the Red Party, the coalition maintained a workable majority in the city council. Following the local elections of 2019, the <a href="/wiki/Centre-left_politics" title="Centre-left politics">centre-left</a> coalition remained in government. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2023_elections">2023 elections</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oslo&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: 2023 elections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:408px;max-width:408px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stortinget_-_Oslo,_Norway_2021-03-25_(02).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Stortinget_-_Oslo%2C_Norway_2021-03-25_%2802%29.jpg/200px-Stortinget_-_Oslo%2C_Norway_2021-03-25_%2802%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Stortinget_-_Oslo%2C_Norway_2021-03-25_%2802%29.jpg/300px-Stortinget_-_Oslo%2C_Norway_2021-03-25_%2802%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Stortinget_-_Oslo%2C_Norway_2021-03-25_%2802%29.jpg/400px-Stortinget_-_Oslo%2C_Norway_2021-03-25_%2802%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4818" data-file-height="2710" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Norway">Parliament of Norway</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Raadhuset_Oslo_IMG_1403.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Raadhuset_Oslo_IMG_1403.JPG/200px-Raadhuset_Oslo_IMG_1403.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Raadhuset_Oslo_IMG_1403.JPG/300px-Raadhuset_Oslo_IMG_1403.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Raadhuset_Oslo_IMG_1403.JPG/400px-Raadhuset_Oslo_IMG_1403.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Oslo_City_Hall" title="Oslo City Hall">Oslo City Hall</a></div></div></div></div></div> <p>After the Conservative Party's substantial gains in the 2023 election, they formed an alliance with the Green Party. With confidence and support from the Christian Democrats and the Progress Party, this alliance was able to form a government.<sup id="cite_ref-m595_79-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m595-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Oslo" class="mw-redirect" title="Mayor of Oslo">Mayor of Oslo</a> chairs the city council and is the highest ranking representative of the city. Because of Oslo's parliamentary system, its mayor fulfills different needs than that of many other cities. Therefore, one of the mayor's most important roles is that of the ceremonial head of the city and its public face, similar to that of the President of the Storting at the national level. The Mayor of Oslo is <a href="/wiki/Marianne_Borgen" title="Marianne Borgen">Marianne Borgen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-f643_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-f643-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Governing_Mayor_of_Oslo" title="Governing Mayor of Oslo">Governing Mayor of Oslo</a> is the head of the City government. The post was created with the implementation of parliamentarism in Oslo and is similar to the role of the prime minister at the national level. The governing mayor is <a href="/wiki/Eirik_Lae_Solberg" title="Eirik Lae Solberg">Eirik Lae Solberg</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-m595_79-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m595-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oslo&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Greater_Oslo" title="Economy of Greater Oslo">Economy of Greater Oslo</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Oslo_at_night.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Oslo_at_night.jpg/220px-Oslo_at_night.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Oslo_at_night.jpg/330px-Oslo_at_night.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Oslo_at_night.jpg/440px-Oslo_at_night.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3876" data-file-height="2740" /></a><figcaption>Office buildings and apartments in <a href="/wiki/Bj%C3%B8rvika" title="Bjørvika">Bjørvika</a>, part of the redesign of former dock and industrial land in Oslo known as the <a href="/wiki/Barcode_Project" title="Barcode Project">Barcode Project</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Oslo has a varied and strong economy and was ranked number one among European large cities in economic potential in the <a href="/wiki/FDi_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="FDi Magazine">fDi Magazine</a> report European Cities of the Future 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-fdiintelligence.com_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fdiintelligence.com-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was ranked 2nd in the category of business friendliness, behind Amsterdam. </p><p>Oslo is an important centre of maritime knowledge in Europe and is home to approximately 1980 companies and 8,500 employees within the maritime sector. Some of them are the world's largest shipping companies, <a href="/wiki/Shipbroker" class="mw-redirect" title="Shipbroker">shipbrokers</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Insurance_broker" title="Insurance broker">insurance brokers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Det_Norske_Veritas" class="mw-redirect" title="Det Norske Veritas">Det Norske Veritas</a>, headquartered at <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B8vik" title="Høvik">Høvik</a> outside Oslo, is one of the three major maritime <a href="/wiki/Classification_society" class="mw-redirect" title="Classification society">classification societies</a> in the world, with 16.5% of the world fleet to class in its register.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city's port is the largest general cargo port in the country and its leading passenger gateway. Close to 6,000 ships dock at the <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Oslo" class="mw-redirect" title="Port of Oslo">Port of Oslo</a> annually with a total of 6 million tonnes of cargo and over five million passengers. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/GDP" class="mw-redirect" title="GDP">GDP</a> of Oslo totaled €64 billion (€96,000 per capita) in 2016, which amounted to 20% of the national GDP.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This compares with <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_krone" title="Norwegian krone">NOK</a>253 billion (€23 billion) in 1995 (adjusting for 2016 inflation). The metropolitan area, bar <a href="/wiki/Moss,_Norway" title="Moss, Norway">Moss</a> and <a href="/wiki/Drammen" title="Drammen">Drammen</a>, contributed 25% of the national GDP in 2003 and was also responsible for more than one quarter of <a href="/wiki/Tax_revenue" title="Tax revenue">tax revenues</a>. In comparison, total tax revenues from the oil and gas industry on the <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_continental_shelf" title="Norwegian continental shelf">Norwegian Continental Shelf</a> amounted to about 16%.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Oslo is one of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_most_expensive_cities_for_expatriate_employees" title="List of most expensive cities for expatriate employees">most expensive cities</a> in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-priciest_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-priciest-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2006<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oslo&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, it is ranked tenth according to the Worldwide <a href="/wiki/Cost-of-living_index" title="Cost-of-living index">Cost of Living</a> Survey provided by <a href="/wiki/Mercer_Human_Resource_Consulting" class="mw-redirect" title="Mercer Human Resource Consulting">Mercer Human Resource Consulting</a><sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and first according to the <a href="/wiki/Economist_Intelligence_Unit" title="Economist Intelligence Unit">Economist Intelligence Unit</a> (EIU).<sup id="cite_ref-priciest_85-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-priciest-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The reason for this discrepancy is that the EIU omits certain factors from its final index calculation, most notably housing. In the 2015 update<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of the EIU's Worldwide Cost of Living survey, Oslo now ranks as the third most expensive city in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although Oslo does have the most expensive <a href="/wiki/Real_estate_economics" title="Real estate economics">housing market</a> in Norway, it is comparably cheaper than other cities on the list in that regard. Meanwhile, prices on <a href="/wiki/Goods_and_services" title="Goods and services">goods and services</a> remain some of the highest of any city. Oslo hosts 2654 of the largest companies in Norway. Within the ranking of Europe's largest cities ordered by their number of companies Oslo is in fifth position. A whole group of oil and gas companies is situated in Oslo. </p><p>According to a report compiled by <a href="/wiki/Banking_in_Switzerland" title="Banking in Switzerland">Swiss bank</a> <a href="/wiki/UBS" title="UBS">UBS</a> in the month of August 2006,<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Oslo and London were the world's most expensive cities. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Environment_and_decarbonization">Environment and decarbonization</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oslo&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Environment and decarbonization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Oslo is a <a href="/wiki/Compact_city" title="Compact city">compact city</a>. It is easy to move around by public transportation and rentable city bikes accessible to all in many places in the city centre. In 2003, Oslo received The European Sustainable City Award and in 2007 Reader's Digest ranked Oslo as number two on a list of the world's greenest, most livable cities.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The City of Oslo has set the goal of becoming a low carbon city, and reducing <a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_gas" title="Greenhouse gas">greenhouse gas emissions</a> 95% from 1990 levels by 2030.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The climate action plan for the Port of Oslo includes implementing a low-carbon contracting process, and installing <a href="/wiki/Shorepower" class="mw-redirect" title="Shorepower">shore power</a> for vessels which are docked.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By October 2022, Oslo had an extensive network of bicycle lanes and tram lines, most of its ferry boats had been electrified, and the city was "on course to become the first capital city in the world with an all-electric public transport system", including e-buses.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oslo&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%22Streifzug%22_mit_der_Kamera_durch_Oslo._10.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/%22Streifzug%22_mit_der_Kamera_durch_Oslo._10.jpg/220px-%22Streifzug%22_mit_der_Kamera_durch_Oslo._10.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/%22Streifzug%22_mit_der_Kamera_durch_Oslo._10.jpg/330px-%22Streifzug%22_mit_der_Kamera_durch_Oslo._10.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/%22Streifzug%22_mit_der_Kamera_durch_Oslo._10.jpg/440px-%22Streifzug%22_mit_der_Kamera_durch_Oslo._10.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5906" data-file-height="2439" /></a><figcaption>The faculty of Law, University of Oslo</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BI_Norwegian_School_of_Management_Nydalen_Oslo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/BI_Norwegian_School_of_Management_Nydalen_Oslo.jpg/220px-BI_Norwegian_School_of_Management_Nydalen_Oslo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/BI_Norwegian_School_of_Management_Nydalen_Oslo.jpg/330px-BI_Norwegian_School_of_Management_Nydalen_Oslo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/BI_Norwegian_School_of_Management_Nydalen_Oslo.jpg/440px-BI_Norwegian_School_of_Management_Nydalen_Oslo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="535" /></a><figcaption>BI Norwegian Business School - Oslo campus</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:UiO_004.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/UiO_004.jpg/220px-UiO_004.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/UiO_004.jpg/330px-UiO_004.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/UiO_004.jpg/440px-UiO_004.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1632" data-file-height="1224" /></a><figcaption>University of Oslo Library</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Institutions_of_higher_education">Institutions of higher education</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oslo&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Institutions of higher education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Oslo" title="University of Oslo">University of Oslo</a> (Universitetet i Oslo [UiO])—<a href="/wiki/Bachelor%27s_degree" title="Bachelor's degree">undergraduate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Master%27s_degree" title="Master's degree">graduate</a> and PhD programs in most fields</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oslo_Metropolitan_University" title="Oslo Metropolitan University">Oslo Metropolitan University</a> (Oslomet – Storbyuniversitetet), established 2018. Formerly <a href="/wiki/Oslo_and_Akershus_University_College_of_Applied_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences">Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences</a> (Høgskolen i Oslo og Akershus (HiOA)) (2011–2018) and <a href="/wiki/Oslo_University_College" title="Oslo University College">Oslo University College</a> (Høgskolen i Oslo) (1994–2011). Focuses on 3–4-year <a href="/wiki/First_professional_degree" class="mw-redirect" title="First professional degree">professional degree</a> programs.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BI_Norwegian_Business_School" title="BI Norwegian Business School">BI Norwegian Business School</a> (Handelshøyskolen BI)—primarily economics and <a href="/wiki/Management" title="Management">business administration</a>. The former college was granted a university status in 2018.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kristiania_University_College" title="Kristiania University College">Kristiania University College</a> (Høyskolen Kristiania), a merger of many smaller independent colleges in Oslo, now offers education on bachelor's master's and PhD level in a broad range of subjects.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oslo_School_of_Architecture_and_Design" title="Oslo School of Architecture and Design">Oslo School of Architecture and Design</a> (Arkitektur-og designhøgskolen i Oslo [AHO])</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_School_of_Sport_Sciences" title="Norwegian School of Sport Sciences">Norwegian School of Sport Sciences</a> (Norges idrettshøgskole [NIH])—offers opportunities to study at the Bachelor, Masters and Doctoral level.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Academy_of_Music" title="Norwegian Academy of Music">Norwegian Academy of Music</a> (Norges musikkhøgskole)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MF_Norwegian_School_of_Theology" class="mw-redirect" title="MF Norwegian School of Theology">MF Norwegian School of Theology</a> (Det teologiske Menighetsfakultet – MF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oslo_National_Academy_of_the_Arts" title="Oslo National Academy of the Arts">Oslo National Academy of the Arts</a> (Kunsthøgskolen i Oslo or Statens teaterhøgskole – KHIO)<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_University_of_Life_Sciences" title="Norwegian University of Life Sciences">Norwegian University of Life Sciences</a> (Norges miljø- og biovitenskapelige universitet – NMBU) located in Ås, right outside of Oslo<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Military_Academy" title="Norwegian Military Academy">Norwegian Army Academy</a> (Krigsskolen)</li> <li>Norwegian Defence University College (Forsvarets høgskole)</li> <li>Norwegian Police University College (Politihøgskolen – PHS)</li> <li>Oslo Academy of Fine Arts (Statens kunstakademi)<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>The level of education and productivity in the workforce is high in Norway. Nearly half of those with education at tertiary level in Norway live in the Oslo region, placing it among Europe's top three regions in relation to education. In 2008, the total workforce in the greater Oslo region (5 counties) numbered 1,020,000 people. The greater Oslo region has several higher educational institutions and is home to more than 73,000 students. The University of Oslo is the largest institution for higher education in Norway with 27,400 students and 7,028 employees in total.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oslo&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Oslo has a large and varied number of <a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Oslo" class="extiw" title="voy:Oslo">cultural attractions</a>, which include several buildings containing artwork from <a href="/wiki/Edvard_Munch" title="Edvard Munch">Edvard Munch</a> and various other international artists but also several <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Norwegian people">Norwegian</a> artists. Several world-famous writers have either lived or been born in Oslo. Examples are <a href="/wiki/Knut_Hamsun" title="Knut Hamsun">Knut Hamsun</a> and <a href="/wiki/Henrik_Ibsen" title="Henrik Ibsen">Henrik Ibsen</a>. The government has recently invested large amounts of money in cultural installations, facilities, buildings and festivals in the City of Oslo. <a href="/wiki/Bygd%C3%B8y" title="Bygdøy">Bygdøy</a>, outside the city centre is the centre for history and the Norwegian Vikings' history. The area contains many parks and seasites and many museums. Examples are the <a href="/wiki/Fram_Museum" title="Fram Museum">Fram Museum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Viking_Ship_Museum_(Oslo)" title="Viking Ship Museum (Oslo)">Vikingskiphuset</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Kon-Tiki_Museum" title="Kon-Tiki Museum">Kon-Tiki Museum</a>. Oslo hosts the annual Oslo Freedom Forum, a conference described by <i>The Economist</i> as "on its way to becoming a human-rights equivalent of the Davos economic forum."<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Oslo is also known for giving out the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Nobel Peace Prize</a> every year. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Food">Food</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oslo&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Food"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oslo&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2017</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Grønland, the central areas around Youngstorget and Torggata, <a href="/wiki/Karl_Johans_gate" title="Karl Johans gate">Karl Johans gate</a> (the main pedestrian thoroughfare), <a href="/wiki/Aker_Brygge" title="Aker Brygge">Aker Brygge</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tjuvholmen" title="Tjuvholmen">Tjuvholmen</a>, Sørenga, and the boroughs of <a href="/wiki/Frogner" title="Frogner">Frogner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Majorstuen" title="Majorstuen">Majorstuen</a>, <a href="/wiki/St._Hanshaugen" title="St. Hanshaugen">St. Hanshaugen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Bislett" title="Bislett">Bislett</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%BCnerl%C3%B8kka" title="Grünerløkka">Grünerløkka</a> all have a high concentration of cafes and restaurants. There are several food markets, the largest being Mathallen Food Hall at Vulkan with more than 30 specialty shops, cafés, and eateries.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of March 2018 six Oslo restaurants were mentioned in the <a href="/wiki/Michelin_Guide" title="Michelin Guide">Michelin Guide</a>. <a href="/wiki/Maaemo" title="Maaemo">Maaemo</a> is the only Norwegian restaurant ever to have been awarded three Michelin stars. Statholdergaarden, Kontrast, and Galt each have one star. Only two restaurants in Oslo have a BIB gourmand mention: Restaurant Eik and Smalhans.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Due to its proximity to the <a href="/wiki/North_Sea" title="North Sea">North Sea</a>, fish and seafood are a staple component of cuisine in Oslo. Many restaurants also serve <a href="/wiki/Game_meat" class="mw-redirect" title="Game meat">game meat</a> year round.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Museums,_galleries"><span id="Museums.2C_galleries"></span>Museums, galleries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oslo&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Museums, galleries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lambda_by_Akerselvallmenningen_and_Munchs_brygge.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Lambda_by_Akerselvallmenningen_and_Munchs_brygge.jpg/220px-Lambda_by_Akerselvallmenningen_and_Munchs_brygge.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Lambda_by_Akerselvallmenningen_and_Munchs_brygge.jpg/330px-Lambda_by_Akerselvallmenningen_and_Munchs_brygge.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Lambda_by_Akerselvallmenningen_and_Munchs_brygge.jpg/440px-Lambda_by_Akerselvallmenningen_and_Munchs_brygge.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="2268" /></a><figcaption>MUNCH Museum (2020)</figcaption></figure> <p>Oslo houses several major museums and galleries. The <a href="/wiki/Munch_Museum" title="Munch Museum">Munch Museum</a> contains <i><a href="/wiki/The_Scream" title="The Scream">The Scream</a></i> and other works by <a href="/wiki/Edvard_Munch" title="Edvard Munch">Edvard Munch</a>, who donated all his work to the city after his death.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city council is planning a new Munch Museum which is most likely to be built in <a href="/wiki/Bj%C3%B8rvika" title="Bjørvika">Bjørvika</a>, in the southeast of the city.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated5_107-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated5-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The museum will be named <a href="/wiki/Munch/Stenersen" title="Munch/Stenersen">Munch/Stenersen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated5_107-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated5-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 50 different museums are located around the city.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Norsk_Folkemuseum" class="mw-redirect" title="Norsk Folkemuseum">Folkemuseet</a> is located on the <a href="/wiki/Bygd%C3%B8y" title="Bygdøy">Bygdøy</a> peninsula and is dedicated to <a href="/wiki/Folk_art" title="Folk art">Folk art</a>, Folk Dress, <a href="/wiki/Sami_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Sami people">Sami</a> culture and the <a href="/wiki/Viking" class="mw-redirect" title="Viking">viking</a> culture. The outdoor museum contains 155 authentic old buildings from all parts of Norway, including a <a href="/wiki/Stave_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Stave Church">Stave Church</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Vigeland_Museum" title="Vigeland Museum">Vigeland Museum</a> located in the large <a href="/wiki/Frogner_Park" title="Frogner Park">Frogner Park</a>, is free to access and contains over 212 sculptures by Gustav Vigeland including an obelisk and the Wheel of Life.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another popular sculpture is Sinnataggen, a baby boy stamping his foot in fury. This statue is very well known as an icon in the city.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is also a newer landscaped sculpture park, <a href="/wiki/Ekebergparken_Sculpture_Park" title="Ekebergparken Sculpture Park">Ekebergparken Sculpture Park</a>, with works by Norwegian and international artists such as <a href="/wiki/Salvador_Dal%C3%AD" title="Salvador Dalí">Salvador Dalí</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Telemarkstunet_Norsk_Folkemuseum_0.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Telemarkstunet_Norsk_Folkemuseum_0.jpg/220px-Telemarkstunet_Norsk_Folkemuseum_0.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Telemarkstunet_Norsk_Folkemuseum_0.jpg/330px-Telemarkstunet_Norsk_Folkemuseum_0.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Telemarkstunet_Norsk_Folkemuseum_0.jpg/440px-Telemarkstunet_Norsk_Folkemuseum_0.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Historic buildings at <a href="/wiki/Norsk_Folkemuseum" class="mw-redirect" title="Norsk Folkemuseum">Norsk Folkemuseum</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Viking_Ship_Museum_(Oslo)" title="Viking Ship Museum (Oslo)">Viking Ship Museum</a> features three <a href="/wiki/Viking_ship" title="Viking ship">Viking ships</a> found at Oseberg, Gokstad and Tune and several other unique items from the Viking Age.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The museum is currently closed for renovation, but will open again in 2026.<sup id="cite_ref-thenorwayguide.com-2022_114-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thenorwayguide.com-2022-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The new museum will be called Museum of the Viking Age, and has plans to feature more viking items than at the old location.<sup id="cite_ref-thenorwayguide.com-2022_114-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thenorwayguide.com-2022-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Oslo_City_Museum" title="Oslo City Museum">Oslo City Museum</a> holds a permanent exhibition about the people in Oslo and the history of the city.<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Kon-Tiki_Museum" title="Kon-Tiki Museum">Kon-Tiki Museum</a> houses <a href="/wiki/Thor_Heyerdahl" title="Thor Heyerdahl">Thor Heyerdahl</a>'s Kon-tiki and Ra II.<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Fram_Museum" title="Fram Museum">Fram Museum</a> features items from arctic and antarctic expeditions, including the wooden ship <a href="/wiki/Fram_(ship)" title="Fram (ship)">Fram</a> used by <a href="/wiki/Fridtjof_Nansen" title="Fridtjof Nansen">Fritjof Nansen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen">Roald Amundsen</a> during their expeditions.<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Art,_Architecture_and_Design" class="mw-redirect" title="National Museum of Art, Architecture and Design">The National Museum</a> holds and preserves, exhibits and promotes public knowledge about Norway's most extensive collection of art.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated6_121-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated6-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The museum shows permanent exhibitions of works from its own collections but also temporary exhibitions that incorporate work loaned from elsewhere.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated6_121-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated6-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The National Museums exhibition avenues are the National Gallery, the Museum of Contemporary Art, the National Museum, the Museum of Decorative Arts and the National Museum of Architecture.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated6_121-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated6-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A new National Museum in Oslo will open in 2020 located at <a href="/wiki/Oslo_Vestbanestasjon" class="mw-redirect" title="Oslo Vestbanestasjon">Vestbanen</a> behind the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Center" title="Nobel Peace Center">Nobel Peace Center</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Nobel Peace Center is an independent organisation opened on 11 June 2005 by the <a href="/wiki/King_Harald_V" class="mw-redirect" title="King Harald V">King Harald V</a> as part of the celebrations to mark Norway's centenary as an independent country.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated4_123-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated4-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The building houses a permanent exhibition, expanding every year when a new <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Nobel Peace Prize</a> winner is announced, containing information of every winner in history. The building is mainly used as a communication centre.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated4_123-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated4-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music_and_events">Music and events</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oslo&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Music and events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Am_11._Juli_2005_wurde_in_Oslo_das_Nobel_Friedenszentrum_er%C3%B6ffnet._03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Am_11._Juli_2005_wurde_in_Oslo_das_Nobel_Friedenszentrum_er%C3%B6ffnet._03.jpg/220px-Am_11._Juli_2005_wurde_in_Oslo_das_Nobel_Friedenszentrum_er%C3%B6ffnet._03.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Am_11._Juli_2005_wurde_in_Oslo_das_Nobel_Friedenszentrum_er%C3%B6ffnet._03.jpg/330px-Am_11._Juli_2005_wurde_in_Oslo_das_Nobel_Friedenszentrum_er%C3%B6ffnet._03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Am_11._Juli_2005_wurde_in_Oslo_das_Nobel_Friedenszentrum_er%C3%B6ffnet._03.jpg/440px-Am_11._Juli_2005_wurde_in_Oslo_das_Nobel_Friedenszentrum_er%C3%B6ffnet._03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5906" data-file-height="4937" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Center" title="Nobel Peace Center">Nobel Peace Center</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Many festivals are held in Oslo, such as Oslo Jazz festival, a six-day <a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a> festival which has been held annually in August for the past 25 years.<sup id="cite_ref-OJF_124-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OJF-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Oslo's biggest <a href="/wiki/Rock_music" title="Rock music">rock</a> festival is Øyafestivalen or simply "Øya". It draws about 60,000 people to the <a href="/wiki/T%C3%B8yen_Park" title="Tøyen Park">Tøyen Park</a> east in Oslo and lasts for four days.<sup id="cite_ref-Øya_125-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Øya-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Oslo International <a href="/wiki/Church_Music" class="mw-redirect" title="Church Music">Church Music</a> Festival<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> has been held annually since 2000. The Oslo <a href="/wiki/World_Music" class="mw-redirect" title="World Music">World Music</a> Festival showcases people who are stars in their own country but strangers in Norway. The Oslo <a href="/wiki/Chamber_Music" class="mw-redirect" title="Chamber Music">Chamber Music</a> Festival is held in August every year and world-class chamber musicians and soloists gather in Oslo to perform at this festival. The Norwegian Wood Rock Festival is held every year in June in Oslo. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Peace_prize" class="mw-redirect" title="Peace prize">Nobel Peace Prize Ceremony</a> is headed by <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Nobel_Institute" title="Norwegian Nobel Institute">the Institute</a>; the award ceremony is held annually in <a href="/wiki/Oslo_r%C3%A5dhus" class="mw-redirect" title="Oslo rådhus">The City Hall</a> on 10 December.<sup id="cite_ref-NobelPrize_127-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NobelPrize-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Even though <a href="/wiki/Sami_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Sami people">Sami</a> land is far away from the capital, the Norwegian Museum of Cultural History marks the Sami National Day with a series of activities and entertainment. </p><p>The World Cup Biathlon in <a href="/wiki/Holmenkollen" title="Holmenkollen">Holmenkollen</a> is held every year and here male and female competitors compete against each other in Sprint, Pursuit and Mass Start disciplines.<sup id="cite_ref-Biathlon_128-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Biathlon-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other examples of annual events in Oslo are Desucon, a convention focusing on Japanese culture<sup id="cite_ref-Desucon_129-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Desucon-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A6rderseilasen" title="Færderseilasen">Færderseilasen</a>, the world's largest overnight regatta with more than 1100 boats taking part every year.<sup id="cite_ref-Færderseilasen_130-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Færderseilasen-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Rikard_Nordraak" title="Rikard Nordraak">Rikard Nordraak</a>, composer of the <a href="/wiki/National_anthem_of_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="National anthem of Norway">national anthem of Norway</a>, was born in Oslo in 1842. </p><p>Norway's principal orchestra is the <a href="/wiki/Oslo_Philharmonic" title="Oslo Philharmonic">Oslo Philharmonic</a>, based at the <a href="/wiki/Oslo_Concert_Hall" title="Oslo Concert Hall">Oslo Concert Hall</a> since 1977. Although it was founded in 1919, the Oslo Philharmonic can trace its roots to the founding of the <i>Christiania Musikerforening</i> (Christiania Musicians Society) by <a href="/wiki/Edvard_Grieg" title="Edvard Grieg">Edvard Grieg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Johan_Svendsen" title="Johan Svendsen">Johan Svendsen</a> in 1879.<sup id="cite_ref-Oslo-Filharmonien_131-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oslo-Filharmonien-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Oslo has hosted the <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Eurovision Song Contest">Eurovision Song Contest</a> twice, in <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1996" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1996">1996</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2010" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2010">2010</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Performing_arts">Performing arts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oslo&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Performing arts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Employees_of_the_Oslo_Opera_begin_arriving_at_work.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Employees_of_the_Oslo_Opera_begin_arriving_at_work.jpg/220px-Employees_of_the_Oslo_Opera_begin_arriving_at_work.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Employees_of_the_Oslo_Opera_begin_arriving_at_work.jpg/330px-Employees_of_the_Oslo_Opera_begin_arriving_at_work.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Employees_of_the_Oslo_Opera_begin_arriving_at_work.jpg/440px-Employees_of_the_Oslo_Opera_begin_arriving_at_work.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4836" data-file-height="3454" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Oslo_Opera_House" title="Oslo Opera House">Oslo Opera House</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nationaltheatret_Oslo_Front_at_Night.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Nationaltheatret_Oslo_Front_at_Night.jpg/220px-Nationaltheatret_Oslo_Front_at_Night.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Nationaltheatret_Oslo_Front_at_Night.jpg/330px-Nationaltheatret_Oslo_Front_at_Night.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Nationaltheatret_Oslo_Front_at_Night.jpg/440px-Nationaltheatret_Oslo_Front_at_Night.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4484" data-file-height="3415" /></a><figcaption>The National Theatre is the largest theatre in Norway.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated3_132-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated3-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Oslo houses over 20 theatres, such as the Norwegian Theatre and the <a href="/wiki/National_Theatre_(Oslo)" title="National Theatre (Oslo)">National Theatre</a> located at Karl Johan Street. The <a href="/wiki/National_Theatre_(Oslo)" title="National Theatre (Oslo)">National Theatre</a> is the largest theatre in Norway and is situated between the royal palace and the parliament building, <a href="/wiki/Stortinget" class="mw-redirect" title="Stortinget">Stortinget</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated3_132-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated3-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The names of <a href="/wiki/Ludvig_Holberg" title="Ludvig Holberg">Ludvig Holberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henrik_Ibsen" title="Henrik Ibsen">Henrik Ibsen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bj%C3%B8rnstjerne_Bj%C3%B8rnson" title="Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson">Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson</a> are engraved on the façade of the building over the main entrance. This theatre represents the actors and play-writers of the country but the songwriters, singers and dancers are represented in the form of a newly opened <a href="/wiki/Oslo_Opera_House" title="Oslo Opera House">Oslo Opera House</a>, situated in <a href="/wiki/Bj%C3%B8rvika" title="Bjørvika">Bjørvika</a>. The Opera was opened in 2008 and is a national landmark, designed by the Norwegian architectural firm, <a href="/wiki/Sn%C3%B8hetta_(company)" title="Snøhetta (company)">Snøhetta</a>. There are two houses, together containing over 2000 seats. The building cost 500 million euro to build and took five years to build and is known for being the first <a href="/wiki/Opera_House" class="mw-redirect" title="Opera House">Opera House</a> in the world to let people walk on the roof of the building. The foyer and the roof are also used for concerts as well as the three stages.<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literature">Literature</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oslo&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Most great Norwegian authors have lived in Oslo for some period in their life. For instance, <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Nobel Prize</a>-winning author <a href="/wiki/Sigrid_Undset" title="Sigrid Undset">Sigrid Undset</a> grew up in Oslo, and described her life there in the autobiographical novel <i>Elleve år</i> (1934; translated as <i>The Longest Years</i>; New York 1971). </p><p>The playwright <a href="/wiki/Henrik_Ibsen" title="Henrik Ibsen">Henrik Ibsen</a> is probably the most famous Norwegian author. Ibsen wrote plays such as <i><a href="/wiki/Hedda_Gabler" title="Hedda Gabler">Hedda Gabler</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Peer_Gynt" title="Peer Gynt">Peer Gynt</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/A_Doll%27s_House" title="A Doll's House">A Doll's House</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Lady_from_the_Sea" title="The Lady from the Sea">The Lady from the Sea</a></i>. The <a href="/wiki/Ibsen_quotes,_Oslo" title="Ibsen quotes, Oslo">Ibsen Quotes</a> project completed in 2008 is a work of art consisting of 69 Ibsen quotations in stainless steel lettering which have been set into the granite sidewalks of the city's central streets.<sup id="cite_ref-okland_134-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-okland-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In recent years, novelists like <a href="/wiki/Lars_Saabye_Christensen" title="Lars Saabye Christensen">Lars Saabye Christensen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tove_Nilsen" title="Tove Nilsen">Tove Nilsen</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Suresh_Chandra_Shukla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Suresh Chandra Shukla (page does not exist)">Suresh Chandra Shukla</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jo_Nesb%C3%B8" title="Jo Nesbø">Jo Nesbø</a> and <a href="/wiki/Roy_Jacobsen" title="Roy Jacobsen">Roy Jacobsen</a> have described the city and its people in their novels. Early 20th-century literature from Oslo include poets <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Nilsen" title="Rudolf Nilsen">Rudolf Nilsen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Bjerke" title="André Bjerke">André Bjerke</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Media">Media</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oslo&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The newspapers <span title="Norwegian-language text"><i lang="no"><a href="/wiki/Aftenposten" title="Aftenposten">Aftenposten</a>, <span title="Norwegian-language text"><i lang="no"><a href="/wiki/Dagbladet" title="Dagbladet">Dagbladet</a></i></span>, <a href="/wiki/Verdens_Gang" title="Verdens Gang">Verdens Gang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dagens_N%C3%A6ringsliv" title="Dagens Næringsliv">Dagens Næringsliv</a></i></span>, <i><a href="/wiki/Finansavisen" title="Finansavisen">Finansavisen</a></i>, <span title="Norwegian-language text"><i lang="no"><a href="/wiki/Dagsavisen" title="Dagsavisen">Dagsavisen</a></i></span>, <i><a href="/wiki/Morgenbladet" title="Morgenbladet">Morgenbladet</a></i>, <span title="Norwegian-language text"><i lang="no"><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A5rt_Land_(Norwegian_newspaper)" title="Vårt Land (Norwegian newspaper)">Vårt Land</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nationen" title="Nationen">Nationen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Klassekampen" title="Klassekampen">Klassekampen</a></i></span> are published in Oslo. The main office of the national broadcasting company <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Broadcasting_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation">NRK</a> is located at <a href="/wiki/Marienlyst" title="Marienlyst">Marienlyst</a> in Oslo, near <a href="/wiki/Majorstuen" title="Majorstuen">Majorstuen</a>, and NRK also has regional services via both radio and television. <a href="/wiki/TVNorge" title="TVNorge">TVNorge</a> (TVNorway) is also located in Oslo, while <a href="/wiki/TV_2_(Norway)" class="mw-redirect" title="TV 2 (Norway)">TV 2</a> (based in <a href="/wiki/Bergen" title="Bergen">Bergen</a>) and <a href="/wiki/TV3_(Norway)" class="mw-redirect" title="TV3 (Norway)">TV3</a> (based in London) operate branch offices in central Oslo. There is also a variety of specialty publications and smaller media companies. A number of magazines are produced in Oslo. The two dominant companies are <a href="/wiki/Aller_Media" title="Aller Media">Aller Media</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hjemmet_Mortensen_AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Hjemmet Mortensen AB">Hjemmet Mortensen AB</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sports">Sports</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oslo&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LIverpool_VS_Lyn_Bislett_Stadion.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/LIverpool_VS_Lyn_Bislett_Stadion.jpg/220px-LIverpool_VS_Lyn_Bislett_Stadion.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/LIverpool_VS_Lyn_Bislett_Stadion.jpg/330px-LIverpool_VS_Lyn_Bislett_Stadion.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/LIverpool_VS_Lyn_Bislett_Stadion.jpg/440px-LIverpool_VS_Lyn_Bislett_Stadion.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bislett_Stadium" title="Bislett Stadium">Bislett Stadium</a> during a friendly between <a href="/wiki/Lyn_Oslo" class="mw-redirect" title="Lyn Oslo">Lyn Oslo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_F.C." title="Liverpool F.C.">Liverpool F.C.</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Oslo is home to the <a href="/wiki/Holmenkollen_National_Arena" title="Holmenkollen National Arena">Holmenkollen National Arena</a> and <a href="/wiki/Holmenkollbakken" title="Holmenkollbakken">Holmenkollbakken</a>, the country's main <a href="/wiki/Biathlon" title="Biathlon">biathlon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nordic_skiing" title="Nordic skiing">Nordic skiing</a> venues. It hosts annual world cup tournaments, including the <a href="/wiki/Holmenkollen_Ski_Festival" title="Holmenkollen Ski Festival">Holmenkollen Ski Festival</a>. Oslo hosted the <a href="/wiki/Biathlon_World_Championships" title="Biathlon World Championships">Biathlon World Championships</a> in <a href="/wiki/Biathlon_World_Championships_1986" title="Biathlon World Championships 1986">1986</a>, <a href="/wiki/Biathlon_World_Championships_1990" title="Biathlon World Championships 1990">1990</a>, <a href="/wiki/Biathlon_World_Championships_2000" title="Biathlon World Championships 2000">2000</a>, <a href="/wiki/Biathlon_World_Championships_2002" title="Biathlon World Championships 2002">2002</a> and <a href="/wiki/Biathlon_World_Championships_2016" title="Biathlon World Championships 2016">2016</a>. <a href="/wiki/FIS_Nordic_World_Ski_Championships" title="FIS Nordic World Ski Championships">FIS Nordic World Ski Championships</a> have been hosted in <a href="/wiki/FIS_Nordic_World_Ski_Championships_1930" title="FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 1930">1930</a>, <a href="/wiki/FIS_Nordic_World_Ski_Championships_1966" title="FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 1966">1966</a>, <a href="/wiki/FIS_Nordic_World_Ski_Championships_1982" title="FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 1982">1982</a> and <a href="/wiki/FIS_Nordic_World_Ski_Championships_2011" title="FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 2011">2011</a>, as well as the <a href="/wiki/1952_Winter_Olympics" title="1952 Winter Olympics">1952 Winter Olympics</a>. </p><p>Oslo is the home of several football clubs in the <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_football_league_system" title="Norwegian football league system">Norwegian league system</a>. <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A5lerenga_Fotball" title="Vålerenga Fotball">Vålerenga</a>, <a href="/wiki/FK_Lyn" class="mw-redirect" title="FK Lyn">Lyn</a> and <a href="/wiki/Skeid_Fotball" title="Skeid Fotball">Skeid</a> have won both the <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Premier_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Norwegian Premier League">league</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Football_Cup" title="Norwegian Football Cup">cup</a>, <a href="/wiki/KFUM-Kameratene_Oslo" title="KFUM-Kameratene Oslo">KFUM-Kameratene</a> entered the <a href="/wiki/Eliteserien" title="Eliteserien">top division</a> in 2024. while Mercantile SFK and <a href="/wiki/Frigg_Oslo_FK" title="Frigg Oslo FK">Frigg</a> have won the cup. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Ullev%C3%A5l_Stadion" class="mw-redirect" title="Ullevål Stadion">Ullevål Stadion</a> is the home arena for the <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_national_football_team" class="mw-redirect" title="Norwegian national football team">Norway national team</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Football_Cup" title="Norwegian Football Cup">Football Cup Final</a>. The stadium has previously hosted the finals of the <a href="/wiki/UEFA_Women%27s_Championship" title="UEFA Women's Championship">UEFA Women's Championship</a> in <a href="/wiki/1987_European_Competition_for_Women%27s_Football" title="1987 European Competition for Women's Football">1987</a> and <a href="/wiki/UEFA_Women%27s_Euro_1997" title="UEFA Women's Euro 1997">1997</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/2002_UEFA_European_Under-19_Football_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="2002 UEFA European Under-19 Football Championship">2002 UEFA European Under-19 Football Championship</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-historikk_135-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-historikk-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/R%C3%B8a_IL" title="Røa IL">Røa IL</a> is Oslo's only team in the women's league, <a href="/wiki/Toppserien" title="Toppserien">Toppserien</a>. Each year, the international youth football tournament <a href="/wiki/Norway_Cup" title="Norway Cup">Norway Cup</a> is held on <a href="/wiki/Ekebergsletta" title="Ekebergsletta">Ekebergsletta</a> and other places in the city. </p><p>Due to the cold climate and proximity to major forests bordering the city, skiing is a popular recreational activity in Oslo. The <a href="/wiki/Tryvann_Ski_Resort" title="Tryvann Ski Resort">Tryvann Ski Resort</a> is the most used ski resort in Norway.<sup id="cite_ref-obl1_136-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-obl1-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most successful <a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey" title="Ice hockey">ice hockey</a> team in Norway, <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A5lerenga_Ishockey" title="Vålerenga Ishockey">Vålerenga Ishockey</a>, is based in Oslo. <a href="/wiki/Manglerud_Star" class="mw-redirect" title="Manglerud Star">Manglerud Star</a> is another Oslo-team who play in the <a href="/wiki/GET-ligaen" class="mw-redirect" title="GET-ligaen">top league</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Bislett_Stadium" title="Bislett Stadium">Bislett Stadium</a> is the city's main track and field venue, and hosts the annual <a href="/wiki/Bislett_Games" title="Bislett Games">Bislett Games</a>, part of <a href="/wiki/Diamond_League" title="Diamond League">Diamond League</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bjerke_Travbane" title="Bjerke Travbane">Bjerke Travbane</a> is the main venue for <a href="/wiki/Harness_racing" title="Harness racing">harness racing</a> in the country. <a href="/wiki/Oslo_Spektrum" title="Oslo Spektrum">Oslo Spektrum</a> is used for large <a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey" title="Ice hockey">ice hockey</a> and <a href="/wiki/Team_handball" class="mw-redirect" title="Team handball">handball</a> matches. <a href="/wiki/Nordstrand_IF" title="Nordstrand IF">Nordstrand HE</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oppsal_IF" title="Oppsal IF">Oppsal IF</a> plays in the women's <a href="/wiki/GRUNDIGligaen_(women)" class="mw-redirect" title="GRUNDIGligaen (women)">GRUNDIGligaen</a> in handball, while <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A6kkelagets_SK" title="Bækkelagets SK">Bækkelaget HE</a> plays in the <a href="/wiki/GRUNDIGligaen" class="mw-redirect" title="GRUNDIGligaen">men's league</a>. <a href="/wiki/Jordal_Amfi" class="mw-redirect" title="Jordal Amfi">Jordal Amfi</a>, the home of the ice hockey team <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A5lerenga_Ishockey" title="Vålerenga Ishockey">Vålerenga Ishockey</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Norway_men%27s_national_ice_hockey_team" title="Norway men's national ice hockey team">national team</a>. The <a href="/wiki/1999_IIHF_World_Championship" title="1999 IIHF World Championship">1999 IIHF World Championship</a> in ice hockey were held in Oslo, as have three <a href="/wiki/Bandy_World_Championship" title="Bandy World Championship">Bandy World Championships</a>, in <a href="/wiki/1961_Bandy_World_Championship" title="1961 Bandy World Championship">1961</a>, <a href="/wiki/1977_Bandy_World_Championship" title="1977 Bandy World Championship">1977</a> and <a href="/wiki/1985_Bandy_World_Championship" title="1985 Bandy World Championship">1985</a>. The <a href="/wiki/UCI_Road_World_Championships" title="UCI Road World Championships">UCI Road World Championships</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bicycle_road_racing" class="mw-redirect" title="Bicycle road racing">bicycle road racing</a> were hosted <a href="/wiki/1993_UCI_Road_World_Championships" title="1993 UCI Road World Championships">1993</a>. </p><p>Oslo is also home to the <a href="/wiki/Oslo_Pretenders_Sportsklubb" class="mw-redirect" title="Oslo Pretenders Sportsklubb">Oslo Pretenders Sportsklubb</a>, a club that hosts a <a href="/wiki/Baseball" title="Baseball">baseball</a>, <a href="/wiki/Softball" title="Softball">softball</a>, <a href="/wiki/Basketball" title="Basketball">basketball</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Disc_golf" title="Disc golf">disc golf</a> teams. The baseball team has won 21 Norwegian Cup Championships and 18 Norwegian Baseball League titles. They participate in the <a href="/wiki/European_Cup_(baseball)" class="mw-redirect" title="European Cup (baseball)">European Cup</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Oslo was <a href="/wiki/Oslo_bid_for_the_2022_Winter_Olympics" title="Oslo bid for the 2022 Winter Olympics">bidding</a> to host the <a href="/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics" title="2022 Winter Olympics">2022 Winter Olympics</a>, but later withdrew on 2 October 2014. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tourism">Tourism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oslo&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2018 Oslo is named one of Lonely Planet's Top Ten Cities. The travel guide's best-selling yearbook Best in Travel has selected Oslo as one of the ten best cities in the world to visit in 2018, citing the Norwegian capital's "innovative architecture and unmissable museums alongside cool bars, bistros and cafés".<sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Crime">Crime</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oslo&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Crime"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Norges_H%C3%B8yesterett_Supreme_Court_of_Norway.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Norges_H%C3%B8yesterett_Supreme_Court_of_Norway.jpg/220px-Norges_H%C3%B8yesterett_Supreme_Court_of_Norway.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Norges_H%C3%B8yesterett_Supreme_Court_of_Norway.jpg/330px-Norges_H%C3%B8yesterett_Supreme_Court_of_Norway.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Norges_H%C3%B8yesterett_Supreme_Court_of_Norway.jpg/440px-Norges_H%C3%B8yesterett_Supreme_Court_of_Norway.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3557" data-file-height="2276" /></a><figcaption>Norway Supreme Court</figcaption></figure> <p>Oslo is commonly regarded as one of the safest capitals in Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Oslo_Police_District" title="Oslo Police District">Oslo Police District</a> received 72,102 reported crimes in 2020, and crime is generally on the decrease in the city.<sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-www.faktisk.no-2022_142-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-www.faktisk.no-2022-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The category of reported crime that's decreasing the quickest in Oslo is property theft.<sup id="cite_ref-www.faktisk.no-2022_142-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-www.faktisk.no-2022-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 11.6% of all crimes in Norway are reported to be within Oslo's six central boroughs, as of 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Police">Police</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oslo&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Police"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gr%C3%B8nlandsleiret_44_%E2%80%93_Gr%C3%B8nland_politistasjon_(21._oktober_2018).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Gr%C3%B8nlandsleiret_44_%E2%80%93_Gr%C3%B8nland_politistasjon_%2821._oktober_2018%29.jpg/220px-Gr%C3%B8nlandsleiret_44_%E2%80%93_Gr%C3%B8nland_politistasjon_%2821._oktober_2018%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Gr%C3%B8nlandsleiret_44_%E2%80%93_Gr%C3%B8nland_politistasjon_%2821._oktober_2018%29.jpg/330px-Gr%C3%B8nlandsleiret_44_%E2%80%93_Gr%C3%B8nland_politistasjon_%2821._oktober_2018%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Gr%C3%B8nlandsleiret_44_%E2%80%93_Gr%C3%B8nland_politistasjon_%2821._oktober_2018%29.jpg/440px-Gr%C3%B8nlandsleiret_44_%E2%80%93_Gr%C3%B8nland_politistasjon_%2821._oktober_2018%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>Grønland police station</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Oslo_Police_District" title="Oslo Police District">Oslo Police District</a> is Norway's largest police district with over 2,300 employees. Over 1,700 of those are police officers, nearly 140 police lawyers and 500 civilian employees. Oslo Police District has five police stations located around the city at Grønland, Sentrum, Stovner, Majorstuen and Manglerud. The <a href="/wiki/National_Criminal_Investigation_Service_(Norway)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Criminal Investigation Service (Norway)">National Criminal Investigation Service</a> is located in Oslo, which is a Norwegian special police division under the <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Ministry_of_Justice_and_the_Police" class="mw-redirect" title="Norwegian Ministry of Justice and the Police">NMJP</a>. <a href="/wiki/Politiets_sikkerhetstjeneste" class="mw-redirect" title="Politiets sikkerhetstjeneste">PST</a> is also located in the Oslo District. PST is a security agency which was established in 1936 and is one of the non-secret agencies in Norway. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Terrorist_attacks">Terrorist attacks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oslo&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Terrorist attacks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/2011_Norway_attacks" title="2011 Norway attacks">2011 Norway attacks</a> and <a href="/wiki/2022_Oslo_shooting" title="2022 Oslo shooting">2022 Oslo shooting</a></div> <ul><li>One part of the <a href="/wiki/2011_Norway_attacks" title="2011 Norway attacks">2011 Norway attacks</a> occurred within the Oslo centre on 22 July 2011. The <a href="/wiki/Regjeringskvartalet" title="Regjeringskvartalet">Oslo government offices</a> were bombed by a <a href="/wiki/Neo-Nazi" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-Nazi">neo-Nazi</a> with political motives.<sup id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/2022_Oslo_shooting" title="2022 Oslo shooting">2022 Oslo shooting</a> happened on 25 June 2022. The attack was a shooting at a pub known to be associated with the queer environment of Oslo, and the attack was targeted towards the <a href="/wiki/LGBT_movements" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT movements">LGBTQ movement</a>. Two people were killed, and a further 21 injured.<sup id="cite_ref-145" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to safety concerns, the <a href="/wiki/Pride_parade" title="Pride parade">pride parade</a> in Oslo planned for 26 June was quickly cancelled.<sup id="cite_ref-146" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oslo&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_Oslo" class="mw-redirect" title="Transportation in Oslo">Transportation in Oslo</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Oslo_S_aerial.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Oslo_S_aerial.jpg/194px-Oslo_S_aerial.jpg" decoding="async" width="194" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Oslo_S_aerial.jpg/291px-Oslo_S_aerial.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Oslo_S_aerial.jpg/388px-Oslo_S_aerial.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3154" data-file-height="2113" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Oslo_S" class="mw-redirect" title="Oslo S">Oslo Central Station</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_transport">Public transport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oslo&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Public transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Oslo has Norway's most extensive public transport system, managed by <a href="/wiki/Ruter" title="Ruter">Ruter</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-147" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This includes the five-line <a href="/wiki/Oslo_Metro" title="Oslo Metro">Oslo Metro</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-148" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the world's most extensive metro per resident; the six-line <a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Oslo" title="Trams in Oslo">Oslo Tramway</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-149" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-149"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the eight-line <a href="/wiki/Oslo_Commuter_Rail" title="Oslo Commuter Rail">Oslo Commuter Rail</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-150" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The tramway operates within the areas close to the city centre, while the metro, which runs underground through the city centre, operates to suburbs further away; this includes two lines that operate to Bærum, and the <a href="/wiki/Ring_Line_(Oslo)" title="Ring Line (Oslo)">Ring Line</a> which loops to areas north of the centre.<sup id="cite_ref-151" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Oslo is also covered by a bus network consisting of 52 city lines, as well as regional buses to the neighboring county of Akershus.<sup id="cite_ref-152" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-152"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Oslo_Central_Station" title="Oslo Central Station">Oslo Central Station</a> acts as the central hub,<sup id="cite_ref-romplan_153-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-romplan-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and offers rail services to most major cities in southern Norway as well as <a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gothenburg" title="Gothenburg">Gothenburg</a> in Sweden.<sup id="cite_ref-154" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-154"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>154<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Flytoget" title="Flytoget">Airport Express Train</a> operates along the high-speed <a href="/wiki/Gardermoen_Line" title="Gardermoen Line">Gardermoen Line</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Drammen_Line" title="Drammen Line">Drammen Line</a> runs under the city centre in the <a href="/wiki/Oslo_Tunnel" title="Oslo Tunnel">Oslo Tunnel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-155" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-155"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some of the city islands and the neighbouring municipality of <a href="/wiki/Nesodden" title="Nesodden">Nesodden</a> are connected by ferry.<sup id="cite_ref-156" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Daily <a href="/wiki/Cruiseferry" title="Cruiseferry">cruiseferry</a> services operate to <a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Frederikshavn" title="Frederikshavn">Frederikshavn</a> in Denmark, and to <a href="/wiki/Kiel" title="Kiel">Kiel</a> in Germany.<sup id="cite_ref-157" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-157"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>157<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Airports">Airports</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oslo&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Airports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Oslo_Airport,_Gardermoen" title="Oslo Airport, Gardermoen">Oslo Airport, Gardermoen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sandefjord_Airport,_Torp" title="Sandefjord Airport, Torp">Sandefjord Airport, Torp</a></div> <table class="wikitable floatright"> <caption>Airports around Oslo </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Airport </th> <th>IATA/ICAO </th> <th>Distance to Oslo </th> <th>Passengers (2018) </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Oslo-Gardermoen" class="mw-redirect" title="Oslo-Gardermoen">Gardermoen</a> </td> <td><b>OSL/ENGM</b> </td> <td>47 km (29 mi) </td> <td>28,518,584 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Oslo-Torp" class="mw-redirect" title="Oslo-Torp">Torp</a> </td> <td><b>TRF/ENTO</b> </td> <td>110 km (68 mi) </td> <td>1,963,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Oslo-Rygge" class="mw-redirect" title="Oslo-Rygge">Rygge</a> <br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(closed 2016)</span> </td> <td><b>RYG/ENRY</b> </td> <td>69 km (43 mi) </td> <td>0 (1,890,889 in 2013) </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The main airport serving Oslo is <a href="/wiki/Oslo_Airport,_Gardermoen" title="Oslo Airport, Gardermoen">Gardermoen Airport</a>, located in <a href="/wiki/Ullensaker" title="Ullensaker">Ullensaker</a>, 47 km (29 mi) from the city centre of Oslo.<sup id="cite_ref-158" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-158"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>158<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It acts as the main international gateway to Norway,<sup id="cite_ref-stat2010_159-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stat2010-159"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>159<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is, as of 2021, ranked as the 23rd <a href="/wiki/List_of_the_busiest_airports_in_Europe" title="List of the busiest airports in Europe">busiest airport in Europe</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-160" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-160"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>160<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gardermoen is a hub for <a href="/wiki/Scandinavian_Airlines" title="Scandinavian Airlines">Scandinavian Airlines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Air_Shuttle" title="Norwegian Air Shuttle">Norwegian Air Shuttle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wider%C3%B8e" title="Widerøe">Widerøe</a>. Oslo is also served by a secondary airport, <a href="/wiki/Sandefjord_Airport,_Torp" title="Sandefjord Airport, Torp">Torp Airport</a>, 110 km (68 mi) from the city,<sup id="cite_ref-161" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-161"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>161<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which serves some <a href="/wiki/Low-cost_carriers" class="mw-redirect" title="Low-cost carriers">low-cost carriers</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Roads_and_automobiles">Roads and automobiles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oslo&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Roads and automobiles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many of the motorways pass through the downtown and other parts of the city in tunnels. The construction of the roads is partially supported through a <a href="/wiki/Toll_road" title="Toll road">toll ring</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-162" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-162"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>162<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The major motorways through Oslo are <a href="/wiki/European_route_E6" title="European route E6">European Route E6</a> and <a href="/wiki/European_route_E18" title="European route E18">E18</a>. There are three <a href="/wiki/Ring_road" title="Ring road">ring roads</a> in Oslo; the innermost 2 being city streets and the outermost, <a href="/wiki/Ring_3_(Oslo)" title="Ring 3 (Oslo)">Ring 3</a>, being an <a href="/wiki/Limited-access_road" title="Limited-access road">expressway</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-163" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-163"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>163<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-164" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-164"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>164<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Oslo has made an effort since the late 2000s in restricting private car use, as well promoting the use of <a href="/wiki/Electric_vehicle" title="Electric vehicle">electric vehicles</a> above fossil-fueled vehicles. In 2018, Oslo banned all non-resident cars from its downtown areas.<sup id="cite_ref-Jones-2018_165-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jones-2018-165"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>165<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-166" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-166"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>166<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Oslo has been called the electric vehicle capital of the world, as 41% of all registered cars in the municipality are fully electric.<sup id="cite_ref-Crosse-2018_167-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crosse-2018-167"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>167<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-168" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-168"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>168<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In September 2021, the number of electric vehicles entering Oslo's toll ring was higher than the number of fossil-fueled vehicles.<sup id="cite_ref-169" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-169"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>169<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The high amount of electric vehicles in Oslo can be attributed to cheaper tolls, no vehicle import tax, no <a href="/wiki/VAT" class="mw-redirect" title="VAT">VAT</a>, free parking, and access to <a href="/wiki/Bus_lane" title="Bus lane">bus lanes</a> throughout the city.<sup id="cite_ref-170" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-170"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>170<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Crosse-2018_167-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crosse-2018-167"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>167<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oslo&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Oslo" title="Demographics of Oslo">Demographics of Oslo</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Population_pyramid_of_Oslo_in_2022.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Population_pyramid_of_Oslo_in_2022.svg/220px-Population_pyramid_of_Oslo_in_2022.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Population_pyramid_of_Oslo_in_2022.svg/330px-Population_pyramid_of_Oslo_in_2022.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Population_pyramid_of_Oslo_in_2022.svg/440px-Population_pyramid_of_Oslo_in_2022.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2656" data-file-height="2248" /></a><figcaption>Population pyramid of Oslo in 2022</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Oslo_population.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Oslo_population.svg/220px-Oslo_population.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Oslo_population.svg/330px-Oslo_population.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Oslo_population.svg/440px-Oslo_population.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Population of Oslo from 1801 to 2006, with yearly data from 1950 to 2006.</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236656977">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:30em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr valign="top"><td style="padding:0 0.5em"><table style="border-spacing:0;width:15em"><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1500</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">2,500</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1801</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">8,931</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+257.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1855</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">31,715</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+255.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1890</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">151,239</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+376.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1951</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">434,365</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+187.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1961</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">475,663</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+9.5%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1971</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">481,548</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.2%</td></tr></tbody></table></td><td style="padding:0 0.5em;border-left:solid 1px #aaa"><table style="border-spacing:0;width:15em"><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1981</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">452,023</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−6.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1991</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">461,644</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2001</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">508,726</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+10.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2011</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">599,230</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+17.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2017</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">672,061</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+12.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2022</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">707,531</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+5.3%</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left"><b>Source</b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/02/02/folkendrhist_en/tables/tab/03.html">Statistics Norway</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Stats2015_a_171-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stats2015_a-171"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>171<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-172" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-172"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>172<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable floatright"> <caption>Number of minorities (1st and 2nd gen.) in Oslo county by country of origin in 2023<sup id="cite_ref-173" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-173"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>173<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Nationality</th> <th>Population (2023) </th></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>Pakistan</td> <td>22,330 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>Somalia</td> <td>17,455 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span>Poland</td> <td>16,070 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span>Sweden</td> <td>11,266 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/45px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>Iraq</td> <td>8,278 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>India</td> <td>7,731 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/23px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/35px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/45px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>Morocco</td> <td>6,938 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/46px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></span></span> </span>Iran</td> <td>6,808 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/23px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/35px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/45px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>Vietnam</td> <td>6,570 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>Philippines</td> <td>6,565 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span>Turkey</td> <td>6,423 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>Sri Lanka</td> <td>6,394 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>Russia</td> <td>4,739 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Flag_of_Eritrea.svg/23px-Flag_of_Eritrea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Flag_of_Eritrea.svg/35px-Flag_of_Eritrea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Flag_of_Eritrea.svg/46px-Flag_of_Eritrea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>Eritrea</td> <td>4,609 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span>Afghanistan</td> <td>4,469 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The population of Oslo was by 2010 increasing at a record rate of nearly 2% annually (17% over the last 10 years), making it the fastest-growing Scandinavian capital.<sup id="cite_ref-174" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-174"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>174<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2015, according to <a href="/wiki/Statistics_Norway" title="Statistics Norway">Statistics Norway</a> annual report, there were 647,676 permanent residents in the Oslo municipality, of which 628,719 resided in the city proper. There were also 1,019,451 in the city's urban area<sup id="cite_ref-Stats2015_b_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stats2015_b-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Stats2015_a_171-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stats2015_a-171"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>171<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-OneMil_175-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OneMil-175"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>175<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and an estimated 1,710,000 in the Greater Oslo Region, within 100 km (62 mi) of the city centre.<sup id="cite_ref-regjeringen2010_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-regjeringen2010-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the most recent census 432,000 Oslo residents (70.4% of the population) were ethnically Norwegian, an increase of 6% since 2002 (409,000).<sup id="cite_ref-176" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-176"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>176<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Oslo has the largest population of immigrants and Norwegians born to immigrant parents in Norway, both in relative and absolute figures. Of Oslo's 624,000 inhabitants, 189,400 were immigrants or born to immigrant parents, representing 30.4 percent of the capital's population. All suburbs in Oslo were above the national average of 14.1 percent. The suburbs with the highest proportions of people of immigrant origin were Søndre Nordstrand, Stovner and Alna, where they formed around 50 percent of the population.<sup id="cite_ref-177" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-177"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>177<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_Norwegians" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakistani Norwegians">Pakistanis</a> make up the single largest <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_minority" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic minority">ethnic minority</a>, followed by <a href="/wiki/Polish_people" title="Polish people">Poles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Somali_people" title="Somali people">Somalis</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Swedes" title="Swedes">Swedes</a>. Other large immigrant groups are people from <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_Norwegians" class="mw-redirect" title="Vietnamese Norwegians">Vietnam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Norwegian" class="mw-redirect" title="Iraqi Norwegian">Iraq</a> & <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Kurdistan" title="Iraqi Kurdistan">Kurdistan region</a> and <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> & <a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurdistan Province">Kordestan province</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-178" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-178"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>178<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-179" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-179"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>179<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-180" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>180<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-181" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-181"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>181<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2013, 40% of Oslo's primary school pupils were registered as having a <a href="/wiki/First_language" title="First language">first language</a> other than Norwegian or <a href="/wiki/Sami_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Sami languages">Sami</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-182" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-182"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>182<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The western part of the city is predominantly ethnic Norwegian, with several schools having less than 5% pupils with an immigrant background.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The eastern part of Oslo is more mixed, with some schools up to 97% of immigrant background.In the borough of <a href="/wiki/Grorud_Valley" title="Grorud Valley">Groruddalen</a> in 2008 for instance, the ethnic Norwegian population decreased by 1,500, while the immigrant population increased by 1,600.<sup id="cite_ref-183" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>183<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2022, immigrants of non-Western origin and their children enumerated 164,824, and made up an estimated 24% of Oslo's population.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_184-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-184"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>184<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_185-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-185"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>185<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Immigrants of Western origin and their children enumerated 71,858, and made up an estimated 10% of the city's population. Immigrants made up a total of 35% of Oslo's population in 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_184-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-184"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>184<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_185-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-185"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>185<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-186" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-186"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>186<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="notheme barbox tleft" style="overflow-x: auto;"> <div style="border:1px solid silver; font-size:88%; padding:0.4em; width:auto; background: white; color: black;"> <table style="text-align:left; border-collapse:collapse; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr style="background:#ddd"><th style="text-align:center;" colspan="5">Religion in Oslo (1 January 2019)<sup id="cite_ref-oslo_medlemmar_187-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oslo_medlemmar-187"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>187<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-oslo_population_188-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oslo_population-188"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>188<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th></tr> <tr style="font-size:88%; height:4px;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; text-align:left;">religion</td> <td style="width:100px; text-align:left;"></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; width:1em; text-align:right;">percent</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Norway" title="Church of Norway">Church of Norway</a> </td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:Blue; width:48.7%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">48.7%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Other Christian denominations</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:Purple; width:8.4%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">8.4%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> </td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:Green; width:9.5%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">9.5%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a> </td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:Yellow; width:0.6%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">0.6%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Other religions</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:Red; width:1.1%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">1.1%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Life stance communities</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:Orange; width:2.8%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">2.8%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Unaffiliated</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:Aquamarine; width:28.9%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">28.9%</td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> </div> <p>Oslo has numerous religious communities. In 2019, 48.7% of the population were members of the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Norway" title="Church of Norway">Church of Norway</a>, lower than the national average of 69.9%.<sup id="cite_ref-189" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-189"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>189<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Members of other Christian denominations make up 8.4% of the population. Islam was followed by 9.5%<sup id="cite_ref-190" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-190"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>190<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Buddhism by 0.6% of the population. Adherents of other religions formed 1.1% of the population. Life stance communities, mainly the <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Humanist_Association" title="Norwegian Humanist Association">Norwegian Humanist Association</a>, were represented by 2.8% of the population. 28.9% of the Oslo population were unaffiliated with any religion or life stance community.<sup id="cite_ref-oslo_medlemmar_187-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oslo_medlemmar-187"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>187<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-oslo_population_188-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oslo_population-188"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>188<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:left;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_residents">Notable residents</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oslo&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Notable residents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main category: <a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Oslo" title="Category:People from Oslo">People from Oslo</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_figures">Public figures</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oslo&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Public figures"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Niels_Juel" title="Niels Juel">Niels Juel</a> (1629–1697), Danish-Norwegian admiral and Danish naval hero<sup id="cite_ref-191" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-191"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>191<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fridtjof_Nansen" title="Fridtjof Nansen">Fridtjof Nansen</a> (1861–1930), polar explorer, scientist, diplomat, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_Peace_Prize_laureates" title="List of Nobel Peace Prize laureates">Nobel peace prize laureate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vilhelm_Bjerknes" title="Vilhelm Bjerknes">Vilhelm Bjerknes</a> (1862–1951), physicist and meteorologist, founded weather forecasting</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Einar_Woxen" title="Einar Woxen">Einar Woxen</a> (1878–1937), barrister and journalist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margrethe_Parm" title="Margrethe Parm">Margrethe Parm</a> (1882–1966), Christian leader and scout leader</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margit_Haslund" title="Margit Haslund">Margit Haslund</a> (1885–1963), women's advocate, local politician and first female city Mayor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ragnar_Frisch" title="Ragnar Frisch">Ragnar Frisch</a> (1895–1973), economist, <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences" title="Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences">Nobel Prize laureate</a> in 1969</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trygve_Lie" title="Trygve Lie">Trygve Lie</a> (1896–1968), politician, first <a href="/wiki/Secretary-General_of_the_United_Nations" title="Secretary-General of the United Nations">Secretary-General of the United Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lars_Onsager" title="Lars Onsager">Lars Onsager</a> (1903–1976), physical chemist, <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Nobel Prize in Chemistry">Nobel Prize laureate</a> in 1968</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johan_Galtung" title="Johan Galtung">Johan Galtung</a> (born 1930), sociologist, founder of <a href="/wiki/Peace_and_conflict_studies" title="Peace and conflict studies">peace and conflict studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gro_Harlem_Brundtland" title="Gro Harlem Brundtland">Gro Harlem Brundtland</a> (born 1939), former <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Norway" title="Prime Minister of Norway">Prime Minister of Norway</a> and Director-General of <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">WHO</a> 1998–2003</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mette_Kongshem" title="Mette Kongshem">Mette Kongshem</a> (born 1941), diplomat and politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eva_Joly" title="Eva Joly">Eva Joly</a> (born 1943), magistrate, politician and <a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Member of the European Parliament">MEP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Fredriksen" title="John Fredriksen">John Fredriksen</a> (born 1944), shipping magnate</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Murud" title="Frank Murud">Frank Murud</a> (born 1955), former Oslo chief of real estate</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fabian_Stang" title="Fabian Stang">Fabian Stang</a> (born 1955), lawyer and politician, Mayor of Oslo 2007–2015</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jens_Stoltenberg" title="Jens Stoltenberg">Jens Stoltenberg</a> (born 1959), former <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Norway" title="Prime Minister of Norway">Prime Minister of Norway</a>, Secretary General of <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%B8rge_Ousland" title="Børge Ousland">Børge Ousland</a> (born 1962), polar explorer, writer; first person to cross the Antarctic solo</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erling_Kagge" title="Erling Kagge">Erling Kagge</a> (born 1963) polar explorer, author, lawyer, art collector, entrepreneur and politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nediyavan" title="Nediyavan">Nediyavan</a> (born 1976), Tamil militant and the current <a href="/wiki/De_jure" title="De jure">de jure</a> leader of the International wing of the <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Tigers" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamil Tigers">Tamil Tigers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Souhaila_Andrawes" title="Souhaila Andrawes">Souhaila Andrawes</a>, former terrorist and Lebanese member of the <a href="/wiki/Popular_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine" title="Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine">Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arts">Arts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oslo&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Arts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Henrik_Ibsen_av_Eilif_Peterssen_1895.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Henrik_Ibsen_av_Eilif_Peterssen_1895.jpg/140px-Henrik_Ibsen_av_Eilif_Peterssen_1895.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Henrik_Ibsen_av_Eilif_Peterssen_1895.jpg/210px-Henrik_Ibsen_av_Eilif_Peterssen_1895.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Henrik_Ibsen_av_Eilif_Peterssen_1895.jpg/280px-Henrik_Ibsen_av_Eilif_Peterssen_1895.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="938" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Henrik_Ibsen" title="Henrik Ibsen">Henrik Ibsen</a>, 1895</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Edvard_Munch_1933.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Edvard_Munch_1933.jpg/140px-Edvard_Munch_1933.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Edvard_Munch_1933.jpg/210px-Edvard_Munch_1933.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Edvard_Munch_1933.jpg/280px-Edvard_Munch_1933.jpg 2x" data-file-width="339" data-file-height="456" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Edvard_Munch" title="Edvard Munch">Edvard Munch</a>, 1933</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%98ystein_Aarseth" class="mw-redirect" title="Øystein Aarseth">Øystein Aarseth</a> (1968–1993), stage name <i><a href="/wiki/Euronymous" title="Euronymous">Euronymous</a></i>, Black Metal musician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Christen_Asbj%C3%B8rnsen" title="Peter Christen Asbjørnsen">Peter Christen Asbjørnsen</a> (1812–1885), writer and scholar<sup id="cite_ref-192" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-192"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>192<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosa_Asmundsen" title="Rosa Asmundsen">Rosa Asmundsen</a> (1846–1911), actress and singer<sup id="cite_ref-193" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-193"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>193<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mette_Bull" title="Mette Bull">Mette Bull</a> (1876–1946), actress<sup id="cite_ref-194" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-194"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>194<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacobine_Gjertz" title="Jacobine Gjertz">Jacobine Gjertz</a> (1819–1862), pianist, composer and writer<sup id="cite_ref-195" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-195"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>195<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Gude" title="Hans Gude">Hans Gude</a> (1825–1903), Norwegian romanticist landscape painter<sup id="cite_ref-196" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-196"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>196<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lona_Gyldenkrone" title="Lona Gyldenkrone">Lona Gyldenkrone</a> (1848–1934), opera singer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henrik_Ibsen" title="Henrik Ibsen">Henrik Ibsen</a> (1828–1906), playwright, theatre director and poet</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fritz_Arlberg" title="Fritz Arlberg">Fritz Arlberg</a> (1830-1896), Swedish baritone, teacher, composer and opera singer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Krohg" title="Christian Krohg">Christian Krohg</a> (1852–1925), naturalist painter, illustrator, author and journalist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edvard_Munch" title="Edvard Munch">Edvard Munch</a> (1863–1944), painter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magna_Lykseth-Skogman" title="Magna Lykseth-Skogman">Magna Lykseth-Skogman</a> (1874–1949), opera singer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kjersti_D%C3%B8vigen" title="Kjersti Døvigen">Kjersti Døvigen</a> (1943–2021), actress<sup id="cite_ref-197" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-197"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>197<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandra_Drouker" class="mw-redirect" title="Sandra Drouker">Sandra Drouker</a> (1875–1944), Russian concert pianist, composer and music pedagogue</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thorbj%C3%B8rn_Egner" title="Thorbjørn Egner">Thorbjørn Egner</a> (1912–1990), playwright of children's books, songwriter and illustrator</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fanny_Elsta" title="Fanny Elsta">Fanny Elsta</a> (1899–1978), opera singer<sup id="cite_ref-198" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-198"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>198<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torleif_S._Knaphus" title="Torleif S. Knaphus">Torleif S. Knaphus</a> (1881–1965), artist and monument sculptor in <a href="/wiki/Utah" title="Utah">Utah</a>, US</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cliff_Moustache" title="Cliff Moustache">Cliff Moustache</a> (born 1952), playwright, film director, and actor from <a href="/wiki/Seychelles" title="Seychelles">Seychelles</a><sup id="cite_ref-199" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-199"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>199<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lars_Saabye_Christensen" title="Lars Saabye Christensen">Lars Saabye Christensen</a> (born 1953), Norwegian/Danish novelist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morten_Harket" title="Morten Harket">Morten Harket</a> (born 1959), singer, songwriter and leader of <a href="/wiki/A-ha" title="A-ha">A-ha</a>; Knight of the Order of St Olav</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo_Nesb%C3%B8" title="Jo Nesbø">Jo Nesbø</a> (born 1960), writer, musician, economist, and former soccer player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Waaktaar-Savoy" title="Paul Waaktaar-Savoy">Paul Waaktaar-Savoy</a> (born 1961), guitarist, songwriter of <a href="/wiki/A-ha" title="A-ha">A-ha</a> and <a href="/wiki/Savoy_(Norwegian_band)" title="Savoy (Norwegian band)">Savoy</a>; Knight of the Order of St Olav</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magne_Furuholmen" title="Magne Furuholmen">Magne Furuholmen</a> (born 1962), keyboardist, songwriter of <a href="/wiki/A-ha" title="A-ha">A-ha</a> and <a href="/wiki/Apparatjik" title="Apparatjik">Apparatjik</a>; Knight of the Order of St Olav</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erik_Poppe" title="Erik Poppe">Erik Poppe</a> (born 1966), film director, producer and screenwright</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valborg_Seeberg" title="Valborg Seeberg">Valborg Seeberg</a> (1851–1929), writer<sup id="cite_ref-200" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-200"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>200<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tine_Thing_Helseth" title="Tine Thing Helseth">Tine Thing Helseth</a> (born 1987), solo classical trumpeter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigrid_Undset" title="Sigrid Undset">Sigrid Undset</a> (1882–1949), writer, awarded the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Nobel Prize in Literature</a> in 1928</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathilde_Grooss_Viddal" title="Mathilde Grooss Viddal">Mathilde Grooss Viddal</a> (born 1969), composer and jazz musician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nico_%26_Vinz" title="Nico & Vinz">Nico & Vinz</a> (formed 2010), singers of a fusion of genres from pop to reggae to soul</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sport">Sport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oslo&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Sport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sonja_Henie" title="Sonja Henie">Sonja Henie</a> (1912–1969), three-time Olympic champion figure skater and actress<sup id="cite_ref-201" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-201"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>201<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knut_Johannesen" title="Knut Johannesen">Knut Johannesen</a> (born 1933), twice Olympic Champion speed skater</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grete_Waitz" title="Grete Waitz">Grete Waitz</a> (1953–2011), marathon runner, silver medallist at the <a href="/wiki/1984_Summer_Olympics" title="1984 Summer Olympics">1984 Olympic Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B8rn_Goldstein" title="Jørn Goldstein">Jørn Goldstein</a> (born 1953), Olympic ice hockey goalie</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Espen_Bredesen" title="Espen Bredesen">Espen Bredesen</a> (born 1968), ski jumper, gold and silver medallist at the <a href="/wiki/1994_Winter_Olympics" title="1994 Winter Olympics">1994 Winter Olympics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kjetil_Andr%C3%A9_Aamodt" class="mw-redirect" title="Kjetil André Aamodt">Kjetil André Aamodt</a> (born 1971), alpine skier with eight Olympic medals</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Espen_Knutsen" title="Espen Knutsen">Espen Knutsen</a> (born 1972), former professional ice hockey player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzann_Pettersen" title="Suzann Pettersen">Suzann Pettersen</a> (born 1981), retired professional golfer, played on the <a href="/wiki/LPGA_Tour" class="mw-redirect" title="LPGA Tour">LPGA Tour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mats_Zuccarello" title="Mats Zuccarello">Mats Zuccarello</a> (born 1987), professional ice hockey player in the <a href="/wiki/National_Hockey_League" title="National Hockey League">National Hockey League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joshua_King_(footballer)" title="Joshua King (footballer)">Joshua King</a> (born 1992), footballer, 172 caps for <a href="/wiki/AFC_Bournemouth" title="AFC Bournemouth">AFC Bournemouth</a> and 51 for <a href="/wiki/Norway_national_football_team" title="Norway national football team">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mie_Bj%C3%B8rndal_Ottestad" title="Mie Bjørndal Ottestad">Mie Bjørndal Ottestad</a> (born 17 July 1997), Norwegian professional racing cyclist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viktor_Hovland" title="Viktor Hovland">Viktor Hovland</a> (born 1997), professional golfer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casper_Ruud" title="Casper Ruud">Casper Ruud</a> (born 1998), professional tennis player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Hauger" title="Dennis Hauger">Dennis Hauger</a> (born 2003), racing driver, <a href="/wiki/FIA_Formula_3_Championship" title="FIA Formula 3 Championship">FIA Formula 3</a> Champion and <a href="/wiki/Formula_One" title="Formula One">Formula One</a> reserve driver</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="International_relations">International relations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oslo&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: International relations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Oslo is a pilot city of the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Europe" title="Council of Europe">Council of Europe</a> and the <a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a>'s <i>Intercultural cities</i> programme, along with a number of other European cities.<sup id="cite_ref-202" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-202"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>202<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-203" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-203"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>203<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"><span id="Twin_towns_.E2.80.93_sister_cities"></span>Twin towns – sister cities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oslo&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: Twin towns – sister cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_Norway" title="List of twin towns and sister cities in Norway">List of twin towns and sister cities in Norway</a></div> <p>Oslo was formerly twinned with <a href="/wiki/Madison,_Wisconsin" title="Madison, Wisconsin">Madison</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv">Tel Aviv</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius">Vilnius</a>, but has since abolished the concept of twin cities. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cooperation_agreements">Cooperation agreements</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oslo&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: Cooperation agreements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As of 2012, Oslo had cooperation agreements with:<sup id="cite_ref-int_coop_204-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-int_coop-204"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>204<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey"><img alt="Turkey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Artvin" title="Artvin">Artvin</a>, Turkey</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden"><img alt="Sweden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Gothenburg_Municipality" title="Gothenburg Municipality">Gothenburg</a>, Sweden</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa"><img alt="South Africa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Mbombela_Local_Municipality" title="Mbombela Local Municipality">Mbombela</a>, South Africa</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a>, Russia</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Schleswig-Holstein" title="Schleswig-Holstein">Schleswig-Holstein</a>, Germany</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a>, China</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania"><img alt="Lithuania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius">Vilnius</a>, Lithuania</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland"><img alt="Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a>, Poland</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Christmas_trees_as_gifts">Christmas trees as gifts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oslo&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: Christmas trees as gifts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Oslo has a tradition of sending a <a href="/wiki/Christmas_tree" title="Christmas tree">Christmas tree</a> every year to the cities of <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>; <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>; <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>; <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a>; <a href="/wiki/Rotterdam" title="Rotterdam">Rotterdam</a>; <a href="/wiki/Antwerp" title="Antwerp">Antwerp</a> and <a href="/wiki/Reykjav%C3%ADk" title="Reykjavík">Reykjavík</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-205" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-205"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>205<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since 1947, Oslo has sent a 65-to-80 ft-high (20-to-24 m), 50 to 100-year-old <a href="/wiki/Norway_Spruce" class="mw-redirect" title="Norway Spruce">spruce</a>, as an expression of gratitude toward Britain for its support of Norway during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-206" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-206"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>206<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-207" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-207"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>207<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oslo&action=edit&section=50" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/48px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/64px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Norway" title="Portal:Norway">Norway portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oslo_Accords" title="Oslo Accords">Oslo Accords</a></li> <li><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruker:Helge_H%C3%B8if%C3%B8dt/Oslobilder" class="extiw" title="no:Bruker:Helge Høifødt/Oslobilder">Image gallery sorted by neighbourhood in Oslo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_transport_in_Oslo" title="Timeline of transport in Oslo">Timeline of transport in Oslo</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oslo&action=edit&section=51" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-AreaStats-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AreaStats_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160419002302/http://kartverket.no/kunnskap/fakta-om-norge/Arealstatistikk/Oversikt/">"Arealstatistikk for Norge"</a>. <i>Kartverket.no</i>. Kartverket. 16 October 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kartverket.no/Kunnskap/Fakta-om-Norge/Arealstatistikk/Oversikt/">the original</a> on 19 April 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kartverket.no&rft.atitle=Arealstatistikk+for+Norge&rft.date=2014-10-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkartverket.no%2FKunnskap%2FFakta-om-Norge%2FArealstatistikk%2FOversikt%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOslo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stats2016_a-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Stats2016_a_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ssb.no/befolkning/statistikker/folkemengde/aar-per-1-januar/2016-02-19?fane=tabell&sort=nummer&tabell=256001">"Population, 1 January 2016"</a>. <i>Statistics Norway</i>. 19 February 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160419023611/http://www.ssb.no/befolkning/statistikker/folkemengde/aar-per-1-januar/2016-02-19?fane=tabell&sort=nummer&tabell=256001">Archived</a> from the original on 19 April 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Statistics+Norway&rft.atitle=Population%2C+1+January+2016&rft.date=2016-02-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ssb.no%2Fbefolkning%2Fstatistikker%2Ffolkemengde%2Faar-per-1-januar%2F2016-02-19%3Ffane%3Dtabell%26sort%3Dnummer%26tabell%3D256001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOslo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stats2015_b-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Stats2015_b_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stats2015_b_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ssb.no/en/befolkning/statistikker/beftett/aar/2015-04-09?fane=tabell&sort=nummer&tabell=222371">"Population and land area in urban settlements, 1 January 2014"</a>. <i>Statistics Norway</i>. 9 April 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151016021221/http://www.ssb.no/en/befolkning/statistikker/beftett/aar/2015-04-09?fane=tabell&sort=nummer&tabell=222371">Archived</a> from the original on 16 October 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Statistics+Norway&rft.atitle=Population+and+land+area+in+urban+settlements%2C+1+January+2014&rft.date=2015-04-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ssb.no%2Fen%2Fbefolkning%2Fstatistikker%2Fbeftett%2Faar%2F2015-04-09%3Ffane%3Dtabell%26sort%3Dnummer%26tabell%3D222371&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOslo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pop2015Q2-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Pop2015Q2_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ssb.no/en/befolkning/statistikker/folkendrkv/kvartal/2015-08-20?fane=tabell&sort=nummer&tabell=236795">"Population and population changes, Q2 2015"</a>. Statistics Norway. 20 August 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151016021221/http://www.ssb.no/en/befolkning/statistikker/folkendrkv/kvartal/2015-08-20?fane=tabell&sort=nummer&tabell=236795">Archived</a> from the original on 16 October 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Population+and+population+changes%2C+Q2+2015&rft.pub=Statistics+Norway&rft.date=2015-08-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ssb.no%2Fen%2Fbefolkning%2Fstatistikker%2Ffolkendrkv%2Fkvartal%2F2015-08-20%3Ffane%3Dtabell%26sort%3Dnummer%26tabell%3D236795&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOslo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFregionaldepartementet2003" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">regionaldepartementet, Kommunal- og (9 May 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.regjeringen.no/no/dokumenter/stmeld-nr-31-2002-2003-/id402979/sec1">"St.meld. nr. 31 (2002–2003)"</a>. <i>Regjeringen.no</i> (in Norwegian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171206140559/https://www.regjeringen.no/no/dokumenter/stmeld-nr-31-2002-2003-/id402979/sec1">Archived</a> from the original on 6 December 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Regjeringen.no&rft.atitle=St.meld.+nr.+31+%282002%E2%80%932003%29&rft.date=2003-05-09&rft.aulast=regionaldepartementet&rft.aufirst=Kommunal-+og&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.regjeringen.no%2Fno%2Fdokumenter%2Fstmeld-nr-31-2002-2003-%2Fid402979%2Fsec1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOslo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ssb.no/befolkning/statistikker/folkemengde/aar-per-1-januar/2017-02-23">"Folketalet ved nyttår var 5 258 000"</a>. <i>ssb.no</i> (in Norwegian Nynorsk). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171223052515/https://www.ssb.no/befolkning/statistikker/folkemengde/aar-per-1-januar/2017-02-23">Archived</a> from the original on 23 December 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ssb.no&rft.atitle=Folketalet+ved+nytt%C3%A5r+var+5+258+000&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ssb.no%2Fbefolkning%2Fstatistikker%2Ffolkemengde%2Faar-per-1-januar%2F2017-02-23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOslo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/met_10r_3gdp/default/table?lang=en">"Gross domestic product (GDP) at current market prices by metropolitan regions"</a>. <i>ec.europa.eu</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230215185052/https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/met_10r_3gdp/default/table?lang=en">Archived</a> from the original on 15 February 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ec.europa.eu&rft.atitle=Gross+domestic+product+%28GDP%29+at+current+market+prices+by+metropolitan+regions&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fec.europa.eu%2Feurostat%2Fdatabrowser%2Fview%2Fmet_10r_3gdp%2Fdefault%2Ftable%3Flang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOslo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/nama_10r_3gdp/default/table">"Gross domestic product (GDP) at current market prices by NUTS 3 regions"</a>. <i>ec.europa.eu</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ec.europa.eu&rft.atitle=Gross+domestic+product+%28GDP%29+at+current+market+prices+by+NUTS+3+regions&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fec.europa.eu%2Feurostat%2Fdatabrowser%2Fview%2Fnama_10r_3gdp%2Fdefault%2Ftable&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOslo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adressesok.posten.no/nb/postal_codes/search?utf8=%E2%9C%93&q=oslo">"Finn postnummer og adresser i Norge og utlandet"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20141211080043/http://adressesok.posten.no/nb/postal_codes/search?utf8=%E2%9C%93&q=oslo">Archived</a> from the original on 11 December 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Finn+postnummer+og+adresser+i+Norge+og+utlandet&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fadressesok.posten.no%2Fnb%2Fpostal_codes%2Fsearch%3Futf8%3D%25E2%259C%2593%26q%3Doslo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOslo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GlobalDataLab-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GlobalDataLab_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://globaldatalab.org/shdi/table/shdi/NOR/?levels=1+4&years=2021&interpolation=0&extrapolation=0">"Sub-national HDI – Area Database – Global Data Lab"</a>. <i>hdi.globaldatalab.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230320165122/https://globaldatalab.org/shdi/table/shdi/NOR/?levels=1%204&years=2021&interpolation=0&extrapolation=0">Archived</a> from the original on 20 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=hdi.globaldatalab.org&rft.atitle=Sub-national+HDI+%E2%80%93+Area+Database+%E2%80%93+Global+Data+Lab&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglobaldatalab.org%2Fshdi%2Ftable%2Fshdi%2FNOR%2F%3Flevels%3D1%2B4%26years%3D2021%26interpolation%3D0%26extrapolation%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOslo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The number pertains to <a href="/wiki/Oslo_Central_Station" title="Oslo Central Station">Oslo S</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220417141341/https://www.banenor.no/reisende/stasjonsoversikt/Stasjonssok/-O-/Oslo-S/">"Oslo Sentralstasjon"</a> (in Norwegian). <a href="/wiki/Bane_NOR" title="Bane NOR">Bane Nor</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.banenor.no/reisende/stasjonsoversikt/Stasjonssok/-O-/Oslo-S/">the original</a> on 17 April 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Oslo+Sentralstasjon&rft.pub=Bane+Nor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.banenor.no%2Freisende%2Fstasjonsoversikt%2FStasjonssok%2F-O-%2FOslo-S%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOslo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/ɒ/: 'o' in 'body'">ɒ</span><span title="'z' in 'zoom'">z</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">OZ</span>-loh</i></a>, <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"><a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">US</a> also </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/ɒ/: 'o' in 'body'">ɒ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">OSS</span>-loh</i></a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Reference-AHD-Oslo" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=Oslo">"Oslo"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_American_Heritage_Dictionary_of_the_English_Language" title="The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language">The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language</a></i> (5th ed.). HarperCollins<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+American+Heritage+Dictionary+of+the+English+Language&rft.atitle=Oslo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ahdictionary.com%2Fword%2Fsearch.html%3Fq%3DOslo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOslo" class="Z3988"></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.collinsdictionary.com/amp/english/oslo">"Oslo"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Collins_English_Dictionary" title="Collins English Dictionary">Collins English Dictionary</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/HarperCollins" title="HarperCollins">HarperCollins</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190422163606/https://www.collinsdictionary.com/amp/english/oslo">Archived</a> from the original on 22 April 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Collins+English+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Oslo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.collinsdictionary.com%2Famp%2Fenglish%2Foslo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOslo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBallovara,_Mette2015" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Ballovara, Mette (7 March 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nrk.no/sapmi/noereh-med-lokallag-i-oslo-1.12246767">"Noereh med lokallag i Oslo"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/NRK" title="NRK">NRK</a></i> (in Norwegian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221114020312/https://www.nrk.no/sapmi/noereh-med-lokallag-i-oslo-1.12246767">Archived</a> from the original on 14 November 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NRK&rft.atitle=Noereh+med+lokallag+i+Oslo&rft.date=2015-03-07&rft.au=Ballovara%2C+Mette&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nrk.no%2Fsapmi%2Fnoereh-med-lokallag-i-oslo-1.12246767&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOslo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SSB-2023-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SSB-2023_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SSB-2023_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ssb.no/befolkning/folketall/artikler/de-storste-byene-og-tettstedene-i-norge">"De største byene og tettstedene i Norge"</a>. <i>SSB</i> (in Norwegian Bokmål). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230109144711/https://www.ssb.no/befolkning/folketall/artikler/de-storste-byene-og-tettstedene-i-norge">Archived</a> from the original on 9 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SNL&rft.atitle=Osloregionen&rft.date=2021-08-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsnl.no%2FOsloregionen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOslo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/world2008t.html">"GaWC – The World According to GaWC 2008"</a>. Lboro.ac.uk. 13 April 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110826010640/http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/world2008t.html">Archived</a> from the original on 26 August 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 July</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=GaWC+%E2%80%93+The+World+According+to+GaWC+2008&rft.pub=Lboro.ac.uk&rft.date=2010-04-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lboro.ac.uk%2Fgawc%2Fworld2008t.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOslo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fdiintelligence.com-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fdiintelligence.com_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fdiintelligence.com_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRachel_Craig2012" class="citation web cs1">Rachel Craig (13 February 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fdiintelligence.com/Locations/Europe/European-Cities-and-Regions-of-the-Future-2012-13">"European Cities and Regions of the Future 2012/13"</a>. fDiIntelligence.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181215173401/https://www.fdiintelligence.com/Locations/Europe/European-Cities-and-Regions-of-the-Future-2012-13">Archived</a> from the original on 15 December 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 March</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=European+Cities+and+Regions+of+the+Future+2012%2F13&rft.pub=fDiIntelligence.com&rft.date=2012-02-13&rft.au=Rachel+Craig&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fdiintelligence.com%2FLocations%2FEurope%2FEuropean-Cities-and-Regions-of-the-Future-2012-13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOslo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111003163654/http://www.eca-international.com/news/press_releases/7355/Sydney_rockets_up_the_list_of_the_world_s_most_expensive_cities">"Sydney rockets up the list of the world's most expensive cities"</a>. <a href="/wiki/ECA_International" title="ECA International">ECA International</a>. 8 June 2011. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 February</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=The+world%27s+most+expensive+cities&rft.date=2014-02-14&rft.au=George+Arnett&rft.au=Chris+Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fcities%2Fdatablog%2F2014%2Ffeb%2F14%2Fmost-expensive-cities&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOslo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://monocle.com/film/affairs/quality-of-life-survey-top-25-cities-2019/">"Quality of Life Survey: top 25 cities, 2019 – Film"</a>. <i>Monocle</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200301223340/https://monocle.com/film/affairs/quality-of-life-survey-top-25-cities-2019/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 March 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Monocle&rft.atitle=Quality+of+Life+Survey%3A+top+25+cities%2C+2019+%E2%80%93+Film&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmonocle.com%2Ffilm%2Faffairs%2Fquality-of-life-survey-top-25-cities-2019%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOslo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110501191333/http://www.aftenposten.no/nyheter/oslo/article4070772.ece">"Oslo europamester i vekst – Nyheter – Oslo"</a>. Aftenposten.no. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ola+og+Kari+flytter+fra+innvandrerne+%E2%80%93+Nyheter+%E2%80%93+Oslo&rft.pub=Aftenposten.no&rft.date=2010-01-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aftenposten.no%2Fnyheter%2Foslo%2Farticle3424942.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOslo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Immigration-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Immigration_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090902060458/http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/00/00/10/innvandring_en/">"Immigration and immigrants"</a>. Ssb.no. 1 January 2009. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 August</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Immigration+and+immigrants&rft.pub=Ssb.no&rft.date=2009-01-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ssb.no%2Fenglish%2Fsubjects%2F00%2F00%2F10%2Finnvandring_en%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOslo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-auto_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oslo.kommune.no/statistikk/befolkning/befolkningsutviklingen-i-oslo-gjennom-2023">"2020-02-27"</a>. <i>ssb.no</i>. 27 February 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200301184423/https://www.ssb.no/en/befolkning/statistikker/folkemengde/kvartal/2020-02-27">Archived</a> from the original on 1 March 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ssb.no&rft.atitle=2020-02-27&rft.date=2020-02-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oslo.kommune.no%2Fstatistikk%2Fbefolkning%2Fbefolkningsutviklingen-i-oslo-gjennom-2023&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOslo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ssb.no/kommunefakta/oslo">"Kommunefakta Oslo"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kommunefakta+Oslo&rft.pub=Ssb.no&rft.date=2022-01-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ssb.no%2Fkommunefakta%2Foslo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOslo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMunicipality_of_Oslo2020" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Municipality of Oslo (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200520222959/http://statistikkbanken.oslo.kommune.no/webview/velocity?v=2&mode=cube&cube=http%3A%2F%2Fstatistikkbanken.oslo.kommune.no%3A80%2Fobj%2FfCube%2FBe01-Befolkningen-etter-bydel-kjonn-og-alder-SSB_C1&study=http%3A%2F%2Fstatistikkbanken.oslo.kommune.no%3A80%2Fobj%2FfStudy%2FBe01-Befolkningen-etter-bydel-kjonn-og-alder-SSB">"Befolkningen etter bydel, kjønn og aldersgrupper 1.1.2020"</a> (in Norwegian). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://statistikkbanken.oslo.kommune.no/webview/velocity?v=2&mode=cube&cube=http%3A%2F%2Fstatistikkbanken.oslo.kommune.no%3A80%2Fobj%2FfCube%2FBe01-Befolkningen-etter-bydel-kjonn-og-alder-SSB_C1&study=http%3A%2F%2Fstatistikkbanken.oslo.kommune.no%3A80%2Fobj%2FfStudy%2FBe01-Befolkningen-etter-bydel-kjonn-og-alder-SSB">the original</a> on 20 May 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Befolkningen+etter+bydel%2C+kj%C3%B8nn+og+aldersgrupper+1.1.2020&rft.date=2020&rft.au=Municipality+of+Oslo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstatistikkbanken.oslo.kommune.no%2Fwebview%2Fvelocity%3Fv%3D2%26mode%3Dcube%26cube%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Fstatistikkbanken.oslo.kommune.no%253A80%252Fobj%252FfCube%252FBe01-Befolkningen-etter-bydel-kjonn-og-alder-SSB_C1%26study%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Fstatistikkbanken.oslo.kommune.no%253A80%252Fobj%252FfStudy%252FBe01-Befolkningen-etter-bydel-kjonn-og-alder-SSB&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOslo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://bydelsfakta.oslo.kommune.no/bydel/alle/befolkningsutvikling">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200430050044/http://statistikkbanken.oslo.kommune.no/webview/index.jsp?catalog=http%3A%2F%2Fstatistikkbanken.oslo.kommune.no%3A80%2Fobj%2FfCatalog%2FCatalog48&submode=catalog&mode=documentation&top=yes">Archived</a> 30 April 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Utviklings- og kompetanseetaten, Oslo kommune (Retrieved 23 October 2015)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ssb.no/befolkning/folketall/statistikk/tettsteders-befolkning-og-areal">"Tettsteders befolkning og areal"</a>. Statistisk sentralbyrå. 12 December 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240131174225/https://www.ssb.no/befolkning/folketall/statistikk/tettsteders-befolkning-og-areal">Archived</a> from the original on 31 January 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tettsteders+befolkning+og+areal&rft.pub=Statistisk+sentralbyr%C3%A5&rft.date=2023-12-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ssb.no%2Fbefolkning%2Ffolketall%2Fstatistikk%2Ftettsteders-befolkning-og-areal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOslo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> Aftenposten, 12 October 2014, p. 15.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Osloby-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Osloby_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.osloby.no/nyheter/Han-har-kartlagt-Christianias-karthistorie-7810898.html">Han har kartlagt Christianias karthistorie</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160113110837/http://www.osloby.no/nyheter/Han-har-kartlagt-Christianias-karthistorie-7810898.html">Archived</a> 13 January 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>Osloby</i>, 8 December 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SNL_Historie-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SNL_Historie_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="SNL_Historie" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://snl.no/Oslo/historie">"Oslo – historie"</a>. 3 August 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161020111834/https://snl.no/Oslo/historie">Archived</a> from the original on 20 October 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Oslo+%E2%80%93+historie&rft.date=2018-08-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsnl.no%2FOslo%2Fhistorie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOslo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> Knut Are Tvedt, red. (2000). <i>«Oslo gate». Oslo byleksikon</i> (4. utg.). Oslo: Kunnskapsforlaget. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 September</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Peder+Clauss%C3%B8n+Friis&rft.btitle=Store+norske+leksikon&rft.place=Oslo&rft.pub=Kunnskapsforlaget&rft.date=2014-09-28&rft.aulast=J%C3%B8rgensen&rft.aufirst=Jon+G.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.snl.no%2F.nbl_biografi%2FPeder_Clauss%25C3%25B8n_Friis%2Futdypning&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOslo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.snl.no/Alna/elv_i_Oslo">"Alna – elv i Oslo"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161019011703/https://snl.no/Alna%2Felv_i_Oslo">Archived</a> 19 October 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, In: <i>Store Norske Leksikon</i> (in Norwegian).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141014174658/http://www.oslo.kommune.no/the_city_of_oslo/government/">"Government – Oslo kommune"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 March</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Inside+Oslo+%3A+Inside&rft.pub=TripAdvisor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tripadvisor.com%2FTravel-g190479-s1%2FOslo%3ANorway%3AInside.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOslo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oslo.com/v/history/">"Oslo, Norway – History of city | Oslo.com"</a>. <i>www.oslo.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191025061528/https://www.oslo.com/v/history/">Archived</a> from the original on 25 October 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.oslo.com&rft.atitle=Oslo%2C+Norway+%E2%80%93+History+of+city+%7C+Oslo.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oslo.com%2Fv%2Fhistory%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOslo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AttackFromHovedøya-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AttackFromHovedøya_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeif_Gjerland2014" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leif_Gjerland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leif Gjerland (page does not exist)">Leif Gjerland</a> (25 July 2014). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=norskfolkemuseum.no&rft.atitle=Christiania+-+Norsk+Folkemuseum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnorskfolkemuseum.no%2Fen%2Fchristiania&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOslo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-nb_digibok_2009011300087"><i>Oslo byleksikon</i></a>. 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Oslo: Grøndahl, 1976.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBård_Alsvik" class="citation web cs1">Bård Alsvik. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.byarkivet.oslo.kommune.no/OBA/tobias/tobiasartikler/tob2001-1_01.htm">"Oslo kommune byarkivet (Oslo City Archives)"</a>. Oslo Kommune. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120304212803/http://www.byarkivet.oslo.kommune.no/OBA/tobias/tobiasartikler/tob2001-1_01.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 4 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 September</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Oslo+kommune+byarkivet+%28Oslo+City+Archives%29&rft.pub=Oslo+Kommune&rft.au=B%C3%A5rd+Alsvik&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.byarkivet.oslo.kommune.no%2FOBA%2Ftobias%2Ftobiasartikler%2Ftob2001-1_01.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOslo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNRK" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">NRK. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nrk.no/ostlandssendingen/xl/da-oslo-ble-oslo-1.13150638">"Da Oslo ble Oslo"</a>. <i>NRK</i> (in Norwegian Bokmål). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170323202849/https://www.nrk.no/ostlandssendingen/xl/da-oslo-ble-oslo-1.13150638">Archived</a> from the original on 23 March 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NRK&rft.atitle=Da+Oslo+ble+Oslo&rft.au=NRK&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nrk.no%2Fostlandssendingen%2Fxl%2Fda-oslo-ble-oslo-1.13150638&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOslo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dagsavisen.no/oslo/kommunen-som-ble-slukt-av-oslo-1.1080868">"Da Høyre kjempet mot kommunesammenslåing"</a>. <i>www.dagsavisen.no</i>. 8 January 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200104012534/https://www.dagsavisen.no/oslo/kommunen-som-ble-slukt-av-oslo-1.1080868">Archived</a> from the original on 4 January 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.dagsavisen.no&rft.atitle=Da+H%C3%B8yre+kjempet+mot+kommunesammensl%C3%A5ing&rft.date=2018-01-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dagsavisen.no%2Foslo%2Fkommunen-som-ble-slukt-av-oslo-1.1080868&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOslo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aftenposten.no/oslo/i/w00o/hele-familien-ble-drept-av-britiske-bomber-paa-nyttaarsaften-anne-lise-juuls-far-erik-18-overlevde">"Hele familien ble drept av britiske bomber på nyttårsaften. Anne-Lise Juuls far Erik (18) overlevde"</a>. 31 December 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221008235033/https://www.aftenposten.no/oslo/i/w00o/hele-familien-ble-drept-av-britiske-bomber-paa-nyttaarsaften-anne-lise-juuls-far-erik-18-overlevde">Archived</a> from the original on 8 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hele+familien+ble+drept+av+britiske+bomber+p%C3%A5+nytt%C3%A5rsaften.+Anne-Lise+Juuls+far+Erik+%2818%29+overlevde.&rft.date=2014-12-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aftenposten.no%2Foslo%2Fi%2Fw00o%2Fhele-familien-ble-drept-av-britiske-bomber-paa-nyttaarsaften-anne-lise-juuls-far-erik-18-overlevde&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOslo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC_News-2022-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BBC_News-2022_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-61933817">"Oslo shooting: Norway attack being treated as Islamist terrorism, police say"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 25 June 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220625164715/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-61933817">Archived</a> from the original on 25 June 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Oslo+shooting%3A+Norway+attack+being+treated+as+Islamist+terrorism%2C+police+say&rft.date=2022-06-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-61933817&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOslo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOlsen2023" class="citation news cs1">Olsen, Jan (10 November 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/norway-terror-radical-islamist-oslo-pride-attack-21cf3dcb4fcad4c24e2e5d0ec7c640ff">"Iranian-born Norwegian man is charged over deadly Oslo Pride attack in 2022"</a>. <i>Associated Press</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240222070527/https://apnews.com/article/norway-terror-radical-islamist-oslo-pride-attack-21cf3dcb4fcad4c24e2e5d0ec7c640ff">Archived</a> from the original on 22 February 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press&rft.atitle=Iranian-born+Norwegian+man+is+charged+over+deadly+Oslo+Pride+attack+in+2022&rft.date=2023-11-10&rft.aulast=Olsen&rft.aufirst=Jan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Fnorway-terror-radical-islamist-oslo-pride-attack-21cf3dcb4fcad4c24e2e5d0ec7c640ff&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOslo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFÅrdal2021" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Årdal, Tore (1 October 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.estatenyheter.no/magasin/haslelinje---gigantutbyggingen-gjennomfort-i-lopet-av-ti-ar/309716">"Haslelinje - Gigantutbyggingen gjennomført i løpet av ti år"</a>. <i>www.estatenyheter.no</i> (in Norwegian Bokmål). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240406234611/https://www.estatenyheter.no/magasin/haslelinje---gigantutbyggingen-gjennomfort-i-lopet-av-ti-ar/309716">Archived</a> from the original on 6 April 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.estatenyheter.no&rft.atitle=Haslelinje+-+Gigantutbyggingen+gjennomf%C3%B8rt+i+l%C3%B8pet+av+ti+%C3%A5r&rft.date=2021-10-01&rft.aulast=%C3%85rdal&rft.aufirst=Tore&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.estatenyheter.no%2Fmagasin%2Fhaslelinje---gigantutbyggingen-gjennomfort-i-lopet-av-ti-ar%2F309716&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOslo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eiendomswatch.no/nyheter/kontor/article16601529.ece">"Store planer for områdene: Dette bygges på Bryn og Helsfyr nå"</a>. <i>eiendomswatch.no</i>. 15 November 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240406234612/https://eiendomswatch.no/nyheter/kontor/article16601529.ece">Archived</a> from the original on 6 April 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=eiendomswatch.no&rft.atitle=Store+planer+for+omr%C3%A5dene%3A+Dette+bygges+p%C3%A5+Bryn+og+Helsfyr+n%C3%A5&rft.date=2023-11-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feiendomswatch.no%2Fnyheter%2Fkontor%2Farticle16601529.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOslo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oslo.kommune.no/slik-bygger-vi-oslo/fjordbyen/bjorvika/">"Bjørvika - Fjordbyen"</a>. <i>Oslo kommune</i> (in Norwegian). 13 February 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240226035007/https://www.oslo.kommune.no/slik-bygger-vi-oslo/fjordbyen/bjorvika/">Archived</a> from the original on 26 February 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Oslo+kommune&rft.atitle=Bj%C3%B8rvika+-+Fjordbyen&rft.date=2017-02-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oslo.kommune.no%2Fslik-bygger-vi-oslo%2Ffjordbyen%2Fbjorvika%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOslo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aftenposten.no/oslo/i/69B9jr/slik-planlegges-den-siste-store-utbyggingen-i-nydalen">"Det er Nydalens siste ubebygde tomt. Kravene om park er blitt hørt, men blir den stor nok?"</a>. <i>www.aftenposten.no</i> (in Norwegian Bokmål). 14 January 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240406234610/https://www.aftenposten.no/oslo/i/69B9jr/slik-planlegges-den-siste-store-utbyggingen-i-nydalen">Archived</a> from the original on 6 April 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.aftenposten.no&rft.atitle=Det+er+Nydalens+siste+ubebygde+tomt.+Kravene+om+park+er+blitt+h%C3%B8rt%2C+men+blir+den+stor+nok%3F&rft.date=2023-01-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aftenposten.no%2Foslo%2Fi%2F69B9jr%2Fslik-planlegges-den-siste-store-utbyggingen-i-nydalen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOslo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oslo.kommune.no/slik-bygger-vi-oslo/fornebubanen/">"Fornebubanen - Slik bygger vi Oslo"</a>. <i>Oslo kommune</i> (in Norwegian). 27 September 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220626185225/https://www.oslo.kommune.no/slik-bygger-vi-oslo/fornebubanen/">Archived</a> from the original on 26 June 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Oslo+kommune&rft.atitle=Fornebubanen+-+Slik+bygger+vi+Oslo&rft.date=2017-09-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oslo.kommune.no%2Fslik-bygger-vi-oslo%2Ffornebubanen%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOslo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-en.climate-data.org-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-en.climate-data.org_59-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-en.climate-data.org_59-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.climate-data.org/location/81/">"Climate Oslo: Temperature, Climograph, Climate table for Oslo - Climate-Data.org"</a>. <i>en.climate-data.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180613015149/https://en.climate-data.org/location/81/">Archived</a> from the original on 13 June 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=en.climate-data.org&rft.atitle=Climate+Oslo%3A+Temperature%2C+Climograph%2C+Climate+table+for+Oslo+-+Climate-Data.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.climate-data.org%2Flocation%2F81%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOslo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snl.no/klima_i_Norge#-Middeltemperaturer_(%C2%B0C)_i_Norge">"Klima i Norge"</a>. 14 February 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230613123617/https://snl.no/klima_i_Norge#-Middeltemperaturer_(%C2%B0C)_i_Norge">Archived</a> from the original on 13 June 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.timeanddate.com&rft.atitle=Sun+%26+moon+times+today%2C+Oslo%2C+Norway&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timeanddate.com%2Fastronomy%2Fnorway%2Foslo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOslo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJulie_Berg_Melfald2018" class="citation web cs1">Julie Berg Melfald (26 July 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aftenposten.no/norge/i/7lA6RW/fredag-kan-en-117-aar-gammel-varmerekord-i-oslo-staa-for-fall-vi-kan-ogsaa-begynne-aa-snuse-paa-landsrekorden">"Fredag kan en 117 år gammel varmerekord i Oslo stå for fall: – Vi kan også begynne å snuse på landsrekorden"</a>. Aftenposten.no. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200728025621/https://www.aftenposten.no/norge/i/7lA6RW/fredag-kan-en-117-aar-gammel-varmerekord-i-oslo-staa-for-fall-vi-kan">Archived</a> from the original on 28 July 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fredag+kan+en+117+%C3%A5r+gammel+varmerekord+i+Oslo+st%C3%A5+for+fall%3A+%E2%80%93+Vi+kan+ogs%C3%A5+begynne+%C3%A5+snuse+p%C3%A5+landsrekorden&rft.pub=Aftenposten.no&rft.date=2018-07-26&rft.au=Julie+Berg+Melfald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aftenposten.no%2Fnorge%2Fi%2F7lA6RW%2Ffredag-kan-en-117-aar-gammel-varmerekord-i-oslo-staa-for-fall-vi-kan-ogsaa-begynne-aa-snuse-paa-landsrekorden&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOslo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newsinenglish.no/2018/05/25/warm-weather-sets-new-record/">"Warm weather sets new records"</a>. 25 May 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180528114421/http://www.newsinenglish.no/2018/05/25/warm-weather-sets-new-record/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 May 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Warm+weather+sets+new+records&rft.date=2018-05-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newsinenglish.no%2F2018%2F05%2F25%2Fwarm-weather-sets-new-record%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOslo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dagbladet.no/nyheter/det-har-aldri-noensinne-blitt-malt-hoyere-temperatur-i-norge-i-mai/69855090">"Det har aldri noensinne blitt målt høyere temperatur i Norge i mai"</a>. <i>Dagbladet.no</i> (in Norwegian). 30 May 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180813144626/https://www.dagbladet.no/nyheter/det-har-aldri-noensinne-blitt-malt-hoyere-temperatur-i-norge-i-mai/69855090">Archived</a> from the original on 13 August 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 August</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dagbladet.no&rft.atitle=Det+har+aldri+noensinne+blitt+m%C3%A5lt+h%C3%B8yere+temperatur+i+Norge+i+mai&rft.date=2018-05-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dagbladet.no%2Fnyheter%2Fdet-har-aldri-noensinne-blitt-malt-hoyere-temperatur-i-norge-i-mai%2F69855090&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOslo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://norwaytoday.info/news/oslo-bergen-set-heat-records/">"Oslo and Bergen set heat records – Norway Today"</a>. <i>Norway Today</i>. 31 May 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180806084426/http://norwaytoday.info/news/oslo-bergen-set-heat-records/">Archived</a> from the original on 6 August 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Norwegian+Meteorological+Institute&rft.atitle=Blindern+%28Oslo%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmet.no%2FKlima%2FKlimastatistikk%2FVanlig_var%2FSor-_og_Austlandet%2FBlindern_Oslo%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOslo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.yr.no/artikkel/siste-frostnatt-om-varen-1.8119060">"Siste frostnatt om våren"</a>. <i>yr.no</i> (in Norwegian). 4 May 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306095039/https://www.yr.no/artikkel/siste-frostnatt-om-varen-1.8119060">Archived</a> from the original on 6 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=WMO+Climate+Normals&rft.date=2024-02-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nodc.noaa.gov%2Farchive%2Farc0216%2F0253808%2F2.2%2Fdata%2F0-data%2FRegion-6-WMO-Normals-9120%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOslo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Seklima-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Seklima_70-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Seklima_70-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">seklima.met.no</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/norway/oslo-climate">"Oslo, Norway – Detailed climate information and monthly weather forecast"</a>. <i>Weather Atlas</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Weather+Atlas&rft.atitle=Oslo%2C+Norway+%E2%80%93+Detailed+climate+information+and+monthly+weather+forecast&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.weather-atlas.com%2Fen%2Fnorway%2Foslo-climate&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOslo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.visitnorway.com/listings/bygd%C3%B8y/2785/">"Visit Norway"</a>. <i>Visit Norway</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230220123519/https://www.visitnorway.com/listings/bygd%C3%B8y/2785/">Archived</a> from the original on 20 February 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Visit+Norway&rft.atitle=Visit+Norway&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.visitnorway.com%2Flistings%2Fbygd%25C3%25B8y%2F2785%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOslo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.friluftsetaten.oslo.kommune.no/parker_friomrader/parker/st_hanshaugen/">City of Oslo parks</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111225044938/http://www.friluftsetaten.oslo.kommune.no/parker_friomrader/parker/st_hanshaugen/">Archived</a> 25 December 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Norwegian)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.friluftsetaten.oslo.kommune.no/parker_friomrader/parker/toyen_kulturpark/">City of Oslo parks</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090102162648/http://www.friluftsetaten.oslo.kommune.no/parker_friomrader/parker/toyen_kulturpark/">Archived</a> 2 January 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Norwegian)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.idrettsetaten.oslo.kommune.no/oslobadene/">"Municipal swimming pools"</a>. Idrettsetaten.oslo.kommune.no. 16 June 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111227034221/http://www.idrettsetaten.oslo.kommune.no/oslobadene">Archived</a> from the original on 27 December 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Municipal+swimming+pools&rft.pub=Idrettsetaten.oslo.kommune.no&rft.date=2010-06-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.idrettsetaten.oslo.kommune.no%2Foslobadene%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOslo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newsinenglish.no/2011/06/23/oslos-developing-waterfront-in-a-photo-collage/">"Oslo's developing waterfront, in a photo collage"</a>. 23 June 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210225200956/https://www.newsinenglish.no/2011/06/23/oslos-developing-waterfront-in-a-photo-collage/">Archived</a> from the original on 25 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 January</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Oslo%27s+developing+waterfront%2C+in+a+photo+collage&rft.date=2011-06-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newsinenglish.no%2F2011%2F06%2F23%2Foslos-developing-waterfront-in-a-photo-collage%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOslo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oslotouristinformation.com/art">"OSLO TOURIST GUIDE — A hive of Art & Architecture"</a>. <i>OSLO TOURIST GUIDE</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=OSLO+TOURIST+GUIDE&rft.atitle=OSLO+TOURIST+GUIDE+%E2%80%94+A+hive+of+Art+%26+Architecture&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Foslotouristinformation.com%2Fart&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOslo" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged April 2020">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-x067-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-x067_78-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://valgresultat.no/valg/2023/ko/oslo/oslo#seats">"Valgresultat"</a>. <i>Valgresultat</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NRK&rft.atitle=Skyting+ved+utested+i+Oslo+sentrum+%E2%80%93+etterforskes+som+terror&rft.date=2022-06-25&rft.aulast=%C3%85rtun&rft.aufirst=Amalie+Bernhus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nrk.no%2Fnorge%2Fskyting-ved-utested-i-oslo-sentrum-_-etterforskes-som-terror-1.16016478&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOslo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oslopride.no/a/paradenavlyses">"Oslo Pride"</a>. <i>www.oslopride.no</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220701205338/https://www.oslopride.no/a/paradenavlyses">Archived</a> from the original on 1 July 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.oslopride.no&rft.atitle=Oslo+Pride&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oslopride.no%2Fa%2Fparadenavlyses&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOslo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100307000751/http://ruter.no/Om-Ruter-As/">"Om Ruter"</a> (in Norwegian). <a href="/wiki/Ruter" title="Ruter">Ruter</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ruter.no/Om-Ruter-As/">the original</a> on 7 March 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 December</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Om+Ruter&rft.pub=Ruter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ruter.no%2FOm-Ruter-As%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOslo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101206002112/http://www.ruter.no/Rutetilbud/T-bane/">"T-banen – forstadsbane og storbymetro"</a> (in Norwegian). <a href="/wiki/Ruter" title="Ruter">Ruter</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ruter.no/Rutetilbud/T-bane/">the original</a> on 6 December 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 December</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=T-banen+%E2%80%93+forstadsbane+og+storbymetro&rft.pub=Ruter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ruter.no%2FRutetilbud%2FT-bane%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOslo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101206090439/http://ruter.no/Rutetilbud/Trikk/">"Trikk"</a> (in Norwegian). <a href="/wiki/Ruter" title="Ruter">Ruter</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ruter.no/Rutetilbud/Trikk/">the original</a> on 6 December 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 December</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Trikk&rft.pub=Ruter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ruter.no%2FRutetilbud%2FTrikk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOslo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131029104215/http://www.nsb.no/getfile.php/www.nsb.no/nsb.no/Bilder/Rutetabeller/Lokaltogkart%20A4.pdf">"Network map commuter trains"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Norwegian). <a href="/wiki/Vy" title="Vy">NSB</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nsb.no/getfile.php/www.nsb.no/nsb.no/Bilder/Rutetabeller/Lokaltogkart%20A4.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 29 October 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 December</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Network+map+commuter+trains&rft.pub=NSB&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nsb.no%2Fgetfile.php%2Fwww.nsb.no%2Fnsb.no%2FBilder%2FRutetabeller%2FLokaltogkart%2520A4.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOslo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110501173155/http://www.avinet.no/Oslopakke2/database/faktaark_ny.aspx?id=46">"T-baneringen"</a> (in Norwegian). <a href="/wiki/Oslo_Package_2" title="Oslo Package 2">Oslo Package 2</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.avinet.no/Oslopakke2/database/faktaark_ny.aspx?id=46">the original</a> on 1 May 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 December</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=T-baneringen&rft.pub=Oslo+Package+2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.avinet.no%2FOslopakke2%2Fdatabase%2Ffaktaark_ny.aspx%3Fid%3D46&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOslo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ruter.no/reise/rutetabeller-og-linjekart/buss-i-oslo/">"Rutetabeller og linjekart for buss i Oslo"</a>. <i>Ruter</i> (in Norwegian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220630050801/https://ruter.no/reise/rutetabeller-og-linjekart/buss-i-oslo/">Archived</a> from the original on 30 June 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ruter&rft.atitle=Rutetabeller+og+linjekart+for+buss+i+Oslo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fruter.no%2Freise%2Frutetabeller-og-linjekart%2Fbuss-i-oslo%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOslo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-romplan-153"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-romplan_153-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jernbanedirektoratet.no/contentassets/52e617297a3a4f21a8441e5e59caf6f3/concept-study-oslo-hub-short-version.pdf">"CONCEPT STUDY OSLO HUB"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Railway_Directorate" title="Norwegian Railway Directorate">Norwegian Railway Directorate</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CONCEPT+STUDY+OSLO+HUB&rft.pub=Norwegian+Railway+Directorate&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jernbanedirektoratet.no%2Fcontentassets%2F52e617297a3a4f21a8441e5e59caf6f3%2Fconcept-study-oslo-hub-short-version.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOslo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100827025855/http://www.nsb.no/getfile.php/www.nsb.no/nsb.no/Bilder/Rutetabeller/NSB%20Map.pdf">"Network map"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Norwegian). <a href="/wiki/Vy" title="Vy">NSB</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nsb.no/getfile.php/www.nsb.no/nsb.no/Bilder/Rutetabeller/NSB%20Map.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 27 August 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 December</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Network+map&rft.pub=NSB&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nsb.no%2Fgetfile.php%2Fwww.nsb.no%2Fnsb.no%2FBilder%2FRutetabeller%2FNSB%2520Map.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOslo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoløs1990" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Holøs, Bjørn (1990). <i>Stasjoner i sentrum</i> (in Norwegian). Oslo: Gyldendal Norsk Forlagg. p. 182. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/82-05-19082-8" title="Special:BookSources/82-05-19082-8"><bdi>82-05-19082-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Stasjoner+i+sentrum&rft.place=Oslo&rft.pages=182&rft.pub=Gyldendal+Norsk+Forlagg&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=82-05-19082-8&rft.aulast=Hol%C3%B8s&rft.aufirst=Bj%C3%B8rn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOslo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101211041834/http://www.ruter.no/Rutetilbud/Bat/">"Båt til jobb og skole, eller bad og utflukt"</a> (in Norwegian). <a href="/wiki/Ruter" title="Ruter">Ruter</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ruter.no/Rutetilbud/Bat/">the original</a> on 11 December 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 December</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=B%C3%A5t+til+jobb+og+skole%2C+eller+bad+og+utflukt&rft.pub=Ruter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ruter.no%2FRutetilbud%2FBat%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOslo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110501174323/http://www.oslohavn.no/passasjerer/">"Passasjer/turist"</a> (in Norwegian). <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Oslo" class="mw-redirect" title="Port of Oslo">Port of Oslo</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oslohavn.no/passasjerer/">the original</a> on 1 May 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 December</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Passasjer%2Fturist&rft.pub=Port+of+Oslo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oslohavn.no%2Fpassasjerer%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOslo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100124141331/http://www.osl.no/en/osl/aboutus/80_Airport%2Badministration">"Administration"</a>. Oslo Lufthavn. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.osl.no/en/osl/aboutus/80_Airport+administration">the original</a> on 24 January 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 January</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Administration&rft.pub=Oslo+Lufthavn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.osl.no%2Fen%2Fosl%2Faboutus%2F80_Airport%2Badministration&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOslo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-stat2010-159"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-stat2010_159-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091124135225/http://www.osl.no/en/osl/businesstobusiness/_airlines/10_Market">"Market"</a>. Oslo Lufthavn. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.osl.no/en/osl/businesstobusiness/_airlines/10_Market">the original</a> on 24 November 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 January</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Market&rft.pub=Oslo+Lufthavn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.osl.no%2Fen%2Fosl%2Fbusinesstobusiness%2F_airlines%2F10_Market&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOslo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://avinor.no/contentassets/24814d07f53146d48864b5b1f0d6a44e/passengers-2021.xlsx">"Statistics – Avinor"</a>. <i>avinor.no</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230122102602/https://avinor.no/contentassets/24814d07f53146d48864b5b1f0d6a44e/passengers-2021.xlsx">Archived</a> from the original on 22 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=avinor.no&rft.atitle=Statistics+%E2%80%93+Avinor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Favinor.no%2Fcontentassets%2F24814d07f53146d48864b5b1f0d6a44e%2Fpassengers-2021.xlsx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOslo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSandefjord_Lufthavn" class="citation web cs1">Sandefjord Lufthavn. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090316072052/http://www.torp.no/Pages/Artikkel.aspx?pkMenu=131&pksMenu=143&Language=EN">"How do I get to Sandefjord Airport Torp?"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.torp.no/Pages/Artikkel.aspx?pkMenu=131&pksMenu=143&Language=EN">the original</a> on 16 March 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 October</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+do+I+get+to+Sandefjord+Airport+Torp%3F&rft.au=Sandefjord+Lufthavn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.torp.no%2FPages%2FArtikkel.aspx%3FpkMenu%3D131%26pksMenu%3D143%26Language%3DEN&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOslo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vegvesen.no/trafikkinformasjon/reiseinformasjon/bompenger/">"Bompenger"</a>. <i>Statens vegvesen</i> (in Norwegian Bokmål). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220630044332/https://www.vegvesen.no/trafikkinformasjon/reiseinformasjon/bompenger/">Archived</a> from the original on 30 June 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Statens+vegvesen&rft.atitle=Bompenger&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vegvesen.no%2Ftrafikkinformasjon%2Freiseinformasjon%2Fbompenger%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOslo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.visitoslo.com/en/transport/by-car/toll-ring/">"Oslo toll ring / toll plazas"</a>. <i>www.visitoslo.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220626162950/https://www.visitoslo.com/en/transport/by-car/toll-ring/">Archived</a> from the original on 26 June 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=%27It%27s+the+only+way+forward%27%3A+Madrid+bans+polluting+vehicles+from+city+centre&rft.date=2018-11-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fcities%2F2018%2Fnov%2F30%2Fits-the-only-way-forward-madrid-bans-polluting-vehicles-from-city-centre&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOslo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWolfe2018" class="citation news cs1">Wolfe, Jonathan (19 December 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/19/travel/oslo-restricts-cars-in-city-center.html">"Oslo Puts Up a Stop Sign"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210607154048/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/19/travel/oslo-restricts-cars-in-city-center.html">Archived</a> from the original on 7 June 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Oslo+Puts+Up+a+Stop+Sign&rft.date=2018-12-19&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Wolfe&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2018%2F12%2F19%2Ftravel%2Foslo-restricts-cars-in-city-center.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOslo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Crosse-2018-167"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Crosse-2018_167-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Crosse-2018_167-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reutersevents.com/sustainability/how-oslo-became-worlds-electric-vehicle-capital">"How Oslo became the world's electric vehicle capital"</a>. 22 August 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220706161549/https://www.reutersevents.com/sustainability/how-oslo-became-worlds-electric-vehicle-capital">Archived</a> from the original on 6 July 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+Oslo+became+the+world%27s+electric+vehicle+capital&rft.date=2018-08-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reutersevents.com%2Fsustainability%2Fhow-oslo-became-worlds-electric-vehicle-capital&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOslo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ssb.no/kommunefakta/oslo">"Kommunefakta Oslo"</a> (in Norwegian). 1 January 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210117001140/https://www.ssb.no/kommunefakta/oslo">Archived</a> from the original on 17 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kommunefakta+Oslo&rft.date=2022-01-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ssb.no%2Fkommunefakta%2Foslo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOslo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bil24.no/historisk-veiskille-for-elbiler-i-oslo/?amp">"Historisk veiskille for elbiler i Oslo"</a> (in Norwegian). 15 October 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221001135153/https://bil24.no/historisk-veiskille-for-elbiler-i-oslo/?amp">Archived</a> from the original on 1 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Historisk+veiskille+for+elbiler+i+Oslo&rft.date=2021-10-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbil24.no%2Fhistorisk-veiskille-for-elbiler-i-oslo%2F%3Famp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOslo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-170"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-170">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJanuary_7Est" class="citation magazine cs1">January 7, Christina Bu; Est, 2022 7:00 Am. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://time.com/6133180/norway-electric-vehicles/">"What Norway Can Teach the World About Electric Vehicles"</a>. <i>Time</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220702044630/https://time.com/6133180/norway-electric-vehicles/">Archived</a> from the original on 2 July 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=What+Norway+Can+Teach+the+World+About+Electric+Vehicles&rft.aulast=January+7&rft.aufirst=Christina+Bu&rft.au=Est%2C+2022+7%3A00+Am&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftime.com%2F6133180%2Fnorway-electric-vehicles%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOslo" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_magazine" title="Template:Cite magazine">cite magazine</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stats2015_a-171"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Stats2015_a_171-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stats2015_a_171-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924125714/http://www.ssb.no/en/befolkning/statistikker/folkemengde/aar/2015-02-19?fane=tabell&sort=nummer&tabell=218738">"Population, 1 January 2015"</a>. <i>Statistics Norway</i>. 19 February 2015. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Statistics+Norway&rft.atitle=Population%2C+1+January+2015&rft.date=2015-02-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ssb.no%2Fen%2Fbefolkning%2Fstatistikker%2Ffolkemengde%2Faar%2F2015-02-19%3Ffane%3Dtabell%26sort%3Dnummer%26tabell%3D218738&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOslo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-172"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-172">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131023110552/http://statbank.ssb.no/statistikkbanken/Default_FR.asp?PXSid=0&nvl=true&PLanguage=0&tilside=selecttable/hovedtabellHjem.asp&KortnavnWeb=folkfram">"Projected population – Statistics Norway"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 July</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Projected+population+%E2%80%93+Statistics+Norway&rft.pub=Statbank.ssb.no&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstatbank.ssb.no%2Fstatistikkbanken%2FDefault_FR.asp%3FPXSid%3D0%26nvl%3Dtrue%26PLanguage%3D0%26tilside%3Dselecttable%2FhovedtabellHjem.asp%26KortnavnWeb%3Dfolkfram&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOslo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-173"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-173">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ssb.no/statistikkbanken/selectvarval/Define.asp?subjectcode=&ProductId=&MainTable=FolkInnvkatLand&nvl=&PLanguage=1&nyTmpVar=true&CMSSubjectArea=befolkning&KortNavnWeb=innvbef&StatVariant=&checked=true">"Immigrants and Norwegian-born to immigrant parents, by immigration category, country background and percentages of the population"</a>. ssb.no. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150702101705/https://www.ssb.no/statistikkbanken/selectvarval/Define.asp?subjectcode=&ProductId=&MainTable=FolkInnvkatLand&nvl=&PLanguage=1&nyTmpVar=true&CMSSubjectArea=befolkning&KortNavnWeb=innvbef&StatVariant=&checked=true">Archived</a> from the original on 2 July 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Hagesæther. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110504062450/http://www.aftenposten.no/nyheter/oslo/article1139976.ece">"Om 15 år kan det bo 100 000 flere i Oslo"</a>. Aftenposten.no. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aftenposten.no/nyheter/oslo/article1139976.ece">the original</a> on 4 May 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Om+15+%C3%A5r+kan+det+bo+100+000+flere+i+Oslo&rft.pub=Aftenposten.no&rft.au=Ole+Kristian+Nordengen+Hanne+Waaler+Lier+P%C3%A5l+V.+Hages%C3%A6ther&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aftenposten.no%2Fnyheter%2Foslo%2Farticle1139976.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOslo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OneMil-175"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-OneMil_175-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPål_Vegard_Hagesæther2018" class="citation news cs1">Pål Vegard Hagesæther (2 December 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aftenposten.no/osloby/i/21763y/Na-bor-det-over-n-million-i-Stor-Oslo">"Nå bor det over én million i Stor-Oslo"</a>. <i>Aftenposten</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181203210844/https://www.aftenposten.no/osloby/i/21763y/Na-bor-det-over-n-million-i-Stor-Oslo">Archived</a> from the original on 3 December 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 December</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aftenposten&rft.atitle=N%C3%A5+bor+det+over+%C3%A9n+million+i+Stor-Oslo&rft.date=2018-12-02&rft.au=P%C3%A5l+Vegard+Hages%C3%A6ther&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aftenposten.no%2Fosloby%2Fi%2F21763y%2FNa-bor-det-over-n-million-i-Stor-Oslo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOslo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-176"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-176">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.utviklings-og-kompetanseetaten.oslo.kommune.no/getfile.php/byrådsavdeling%20for%20finans%20(FIN)/Internett%20(FIN)/Dokumenter/statistikk/planxogxanalyseseksjonen/statistikk/statistikk2002/pdf2002/aarbok_2002_kap02.pdf">"utviklings-og-kompetanseetaten.oslo.kommune.no"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=utviklings-og-kompetanseetaten.oslo.kommune.no&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.utviklings-og-kompetanseetaten.oslo.kommune.no%2Fgetfile.php%2Fbyr%C3%A5dsavdeling%2520for%2520finans%2520%28FIN%29%2FInternett%2520%28FIN%29%2FDokumenter%2Fstatistikk%2Fplanxogxanalyseseksjonen%2Fstatistikk%2Fstatistikk2002%2Fpdf2002%2Faarbok_2002_kap02.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOslo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-177"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-177">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kristoffer Fredriksen: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ssb.no/en/innvbef">Immigrants and Norwegian-born to immigrant parents, 1 January 2013</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170720163426/http://www.ssb.no/en/innvbef">Archived</a> 20 July 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> SSB, January 2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-178"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-178">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080709135929/http://www.aftenposten.no/nyheter/oslo/article2526653.ece">"25 prosent av alle som bor i Oslo er innvandrere – Nyheter – Oslo – Aftenposten.no"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aftenposten.no/nyheter/oslo/article2526653.ece">the original</a> on 9 July 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=25+prosent+av+alle+som+bor+i+Oslo+er+innvandrere+%E2%80%93+Nyheter+%E2%80%93+Oslo+%E2%80%93+Aftenposten.no&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aftenposten.no%2Fnyheter%2Foslo%2Farticle2526653.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOslo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-179"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-179">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ssb.no/emner/02/01/10/innvbef">"Polakker den største innvandrergruppen"</a> (in Norwegian). Ssb.no. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130215042313/http://www.ssb.no/emner/02/01/10/innvbef/">Archived</a> from the original on 15 February 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Polakker+den+st%C3%B8rste+innvandrergruppen&rft.pub=Ssb.no&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ssb.no%2Femner%2F02%2F01%2F10%2Finnvbef&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOslo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-180"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-180">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110628200427/http://www.ssb.no/emner/02/01/10/innvbef/arkiv/tab-2009-04-30-11.html">"Tabell 11 Innvandrere og norskfødte med innvandrerforeldre, etter landbakgrunn (de 20 største gruppene). Utvalgte kommuner. 1. januar 2009"</a> (in Norwegian). Ssb.no. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ssb.no/emner/02/01/10/innvbef/arkiv/tab-2009-04-30-11.html">the original</a> on 28 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 January</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tabell+11+Innvandrere+og+norskf%C3%B8dte+med+innvandrerforeldre%2C+etter+landbakgrunn+%28de+20+st%C3%B8rste+gruppene%29.+Utvalgte+kommuner.+1.+januar+2009&rft.pub=Ssb.no&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ssb.no%2Femner%2F02%2F01%2F10%2Finnvbef%2Farkiv%2Ftab-2009-04-30-11.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOslo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-181"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-181">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nyhuus.deich.folkebibl.no/deichman/dfb/sprakland.html">Folkebibl.no</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070609164119/http://nyhuus.deich.folkebibl.no/deichman/dfb/sprakland.html">Archived</a> 9 June 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Norwegian)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-182"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-182">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOslo_kommune2013" class="citation web cs1">Oslo kommune, Undervisningsetaten (4 January 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.utdanningsetaten.oslo.kommune.no/getfile.php/utdanningsetaten%20(UDE)/Internett%20(UDE)/EFP/Dokumenter/Antall%20elever%20fra%20språklige%20minoriteter%20i%20grunnskolen%2020122013.pdf">"Minoritetsspråklige elever i Osloskolen 2012/2013"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Undervisningsetaten</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130131062114/http://www.utdanningsetaten.oslo.kommune.no/getfile.php/utdanningsetaten%20%28UDE%29/Internett%20%28UDE%29/EFP/Dokumenter/Antall%20elever%20fra%20spr%C3%A5klige%20minoriteter%20i%20grunnskolen%2020122013.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 31 January 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Undervisningsetaten&rft.atitle=Minoritetsspr%C3%A5klige+elever+i+Osloskolen+2012%2F2013&rft.date=2013-01-04&rft.aulast=Oslo+kommune&rft.aufirst=Undervisningsetaten&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.utdanningsetaten.oslo.kommune.no%2Fgetfile.php%2Futdanningsetaten%2520%28UDE%29%2FInternett%2520%28UDE%29%2FEFP%2FDokumenter%2FAntall%2520elever%2520fra%2520spr%C3%A5klige%2520minoriteter%2520i%2520grunnskolen%252020122013.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOslo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-183"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-183">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSlettholm2009" class="citation web cs1">Slettholm, Andreas (15 December 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110604155245/http://www.aftenposten.no/nyheter/oslo/article3424942.ece">"Ola og Kari flytter fra innvandrerne"</a>. <i>Aftenposten</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aftenposten.no/nyheter/oslo/article3424942.ece">the original</a> on 4 June 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Aftenposten&rft.atitle=Ola+og+Kari+flytter+fra+innvandrerne&rft.date=2009-12-15&rft.aulast=Slettholm&rft.aufirst=Andreas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aftenposten.no%2Fnyheter%2Foslo%2Farticle3424942.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOslo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-184"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_184-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_184-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ssb.no/en/system/">"09817: Immigrants and Norwegian-born to immigrant parents by immigration category, in total and separately, country background and percentages of the population (M) 2010 - 2023. Statbank Norway"</a>. <i>SSB</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SSB&rft.atitle=09817%3A+Immigrants+and+Norwegian-born+to+immigrant+parents+by+immigration+category%2C+in+total+and+separately%2C+country+background+and+percentages+of+the+population+%28M%29+2010+-+2023.+Statbank+Norway&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ssb.no%2Fen%2Fsystem%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOslo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-185"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_185-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_185-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ssb.no/en/system/">"09817: Immigrants and Norwegian-born to immigrant parents by immigration category, in total and separately, country background and percentages of the population (M) 2010 - 2023. Statbank Norway"</a>. <i>SSB</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SSB&rft.atitle=09817%3A+Immigrants+and+Norwegian-born+to+immigrant+parents+by+immigration+category%2C+in+total+and+separately%2C+country+background+and+percentages+of+the+population+%28M%29+2010+-+2023.+Statbank+Norway&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ssb.no%2Fen%2Fsystem%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOslo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-186"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-186">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ssb.no/en/befolkning/innvandrere/statistikk/innvandrere-og-norskfodte-med-innvandrerforeldre">"Immigrants and Norwegian-born to immigrant parents"</a>. <i>SSB</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220526153643/https://www.ssb.no/en/befolkning/innvandrere/statistikk/innvandrere-og-norskfodte-med-innvandrerforeldre">Archived</a> from the original on 26 May 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SSB&rft.atitle=Immigrants+and+Norwegian-born+to+immigrant+parents&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ssb.no%2Fen%2Fbefolkning%2Finnvandrere%2Fstatistikk%2Finnvandrere-og-norskfodte-med-innvandrerforeldre&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOslo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-oslo_medlemmar-187"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-oslo_medlemmar_187-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-oslo_medlemmar_187-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200520221300/http://statistikkbanken.oslo.kommune.no/webview/velocity?mode=cube&v=2&study=http%3A%2F%2F192.168.101.44%3A80%2Fobj%2FfStudy%2FNPS-medlemmer-trossamfunn&cube=http%3A%2F%2Fstatistikkbanken.oslo.kommune.no%3A80%2Fobj%2FfCube%2FNPS-medlemmer-trossamfunn_C1">"Medlemmer i tros- og livssynssamfunn som mottar offentlig støtte"</a> (in Norwegian). Oslo kommune Statistikkbanken. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://statistikkbanken.oslo.kommune.no/webview/velocity?mode=cube&v=2&study=http%3A%2F%2F192.168.101.44%3A80%2Fobj%2FfStudy%2FNPS-medlemmer-trossamfunn&cube=http%3A%2F%2Fstatistikkbanken.oslo.kommune.no%3A80%2Fobj%2FfCube%2FNPS-medlemmer-trossamfunn_C1">the original</a> on 20 May 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Medlemmer+i+tros-+og+livssynssamfunn+som+mottar+offentlig+st%C3%B8tte&rft.pub=Oslo+kommune+Statistikkbanken&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstatistikkbanken.oslo.kommune.no%2Fwebview%2Fvelocity%3Fmode%3Dcube%26v%3D2%26study%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252F192.168.101.44%253A80%252Fobj%252FfStudy%252FNPS-medlemmer-trossamfunn%26cube%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Fstatistikkbanken.oslo.kommune.no%253A80%252Fobj%252FfCube%252FNPS-medlemmer-trossamfunn_C1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOslo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-oslo_population-188"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-oslo_population_188-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-oslo_population_188-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200520222959/http://statistikkbanken.oslo.kommune.no/webview/velocity?v=2&mode=cube&cube=http%3A%2F%2Fstatistikkbanken.oslo.kommune.no%3A80%2Fobj%2FfCube%2FBe01-Befolkningen-etter-bydel-kjonn-og-alder-SSB_C1&study=http%3A%2F%2Fstatistikkbanken.oslo.kommune.no%3A80%2Fobj%2FfStudy%2FBe01-Befolkningen-etter-bydel-kjonn-og-alder-SSB">"Folkemengden etter kjønn og alder (B) (2004–2019)"</a> (in Norwegian). Oslo kommune Statistikkbanken. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://statistikkbanken.oslo.kommune.no/webview/velocity?v=2&mode=cube&cube=http%3A%2F%2Fstatistikkbanken.oslo.kommune.no%3A80%2Fobj%2FfCube%2FBe01-Befolkningen-etter-bydel-kjonn-og-alder-SSB_C1&study=http%3A%2F%2Fstatistikkbanken.oslo.kommune.no%3A80%2Fobj%2FfStudy%2FBe01-Befolkningen-etter-bydel-kjonn-og-alder-SSB">the original</a> on 20 May 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Folkemengden+etter+kj%C3%B8nn+og+alder+%28B%29+%282004%E2%80%932019%29&rft.pub=Oslo+kommune+Statistikkbanken&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstatistikkbanken.oslo.kommune.no%2Fwebview%2Fvelocity%3Fv%3D2%26mode%3Dcube%26cube%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Fstatistikkbanken.oslo.kommune.no%253A80%252Fobj%252FfCube%252FBe01-Befolkningen-etter-bydel-kjonn-og-alder-SSB_C1%26study%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Fstatistikkbanken.oslo.kommune.no%253A80%252Fobj%252FfStudy%252FBe01-Befolkningen-etter-bydel-kjonn-og-alder-SSB&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOslo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-189"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-189">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ssb.no/en/kultur-og-fritid/statistikker/kirke_kostra/aar">Church of Norway – main figures</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180612142905/https://www.ssb.no/en/kultur-og-fritid/statistikker/kirke_kostra/aar">Archived</a> 12 June 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> 14 June 2019 Statistics Norway</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-190"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-190">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ssb.no/en/system/">"08531: Members of congregations in religious and philosophical communities outside the Church of Norway, by religion/philosophy (C) 2010 - 2020. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oslo.kommune.no/english/international_cooperation/cooperating_cities_and_regions/">the original</a> on 7 April 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Oslo.kommune.no&rft.atitle=Co-operating+cities+and+regions&rft.date=2012-02-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oslo.kommune.no%2Fenglish%2Finternational_cooperation%2Fcooperating_cities_and_regions%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOslo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-205"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-205">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ordforeren.oslo.kommune.no/_juletrar_til_utlandet/">Juletrær til utland</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141014154950/http://www.ordforeren.oslo.kommune.no/_juletrar_til_utlandet/">Archived</a> 14 October 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Ordføreren, Oslo kommune (Municipality of Oslo Website, Mare's office), published November 2013, accessed 67 April 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-206"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-206">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vg.no/nyheter/utenriks/julen/her-tennes-det-norske-juletreet-i-london/a/590424/">Her tennes juletreet i London</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160603131928/http://www.vg.no/nyheter/utenriks/julen/her-tennes-det-norske-juletreet-i-london/a/590424/">Archived</a> 3 June 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, VG, 3 December 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-207"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-207">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIna_Louise_Stovner" class="citation web cs1">Ina Louise Stovner. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://snl.no/juletre">"juletre"</a>. <i>Store norske leksikon</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210308054926/https://snl.no/juletre">Archived</a> from the original on 8 March 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Store+norske+leksikon&rft.atitle=juletre&rft.au=Ina+Louise+Stovner&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsnl.no%2Fjuletre&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOslo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oslo&action=edit&section=52" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Oslo#Bibliography" title="Timeline of Oslo">Bibliography of the history of Oslo</a></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChristie1966" class="citation journal cs1">Christie, Haakon (1966). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5284%2F1071442">"Old Oslo"</a>. <i>Medieval Archaeology</i>. <b>10</b>: 45–58. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5284%2F1071442">10.5284/1071442</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Medieval+Archaeology&rft.atitle=Old+Oslo&rft.volume=10&rft.pages=45-58&rft.date=1966&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5284%2F1071442&rft.aulast=Christie&rft.aufirst=Haakon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.5284%252F1071442&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOslo" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEbert2018" class="citation journal cs1">Ebert, Bettina (2018). "A skewed balance? Examining the display and research history of the medieval collection at the Museum of Cultural History, University of Oslo". <i>Journal of the History of Collections</i>. <b>30</b> (1): 139–151. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fjhc%2Ffhx021">10.1093/jhc/fhx021</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10852%2F75244">10852/75244</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+History+of+Collections&rft.atitle=A+skewed+balance%3F+Examining+the+display+and+research+history+of+the+medieval+collection+at+the+Museum+of+Cultural+History%2C+University+of+Oslo&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=139-151&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10852%2F75244&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fjhc%2Ffhx021&rft.aulast=Ebert&rft.aufirst=Bettina&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOslo" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKolbe2008" class="citation journal cs1">Kolbe, Laura (2008). "Symbols of civic pride, national history or European tradition? City halls in Scandinavian capital cities". <i>Urban History</i>. <b>35</b> (3): 382–413. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0963926808005701">10.1017/S0963926808005701</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Urban+History&rft.atitle=Symbols+of+civic+pride%2C+national+history+or+European+tradition%3F+City+halls+in+Scandinavian+capital+cities&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=382-413&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0963926808005701&rft.aulast=Kolbe&rft.aufirst=Laura&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOslo" class="Z3988"></span> – covers Copenhagen, Stockholm, and Oslo.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLiden1977" class="citation book cs1">Liden, Hans-Emil (1977). "Urban Archaeology in Norway". <i>European towns: their archaeology and early history</i>. pp. 83–102.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Urban+Archaeology+in+Norway&rft.btitle=European+towns%3A+their+archaeology+and+early+history&rft.pages=83-102&rft.date=1977&rft.aulast=Liden&rft.aufirst=Hans-Emil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOslo" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLuccarelliRøe2012" class="citation book cs1">Luccarelli, Mark; Røe, Per Gunnar, eds. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Um4R7CN40ZcC"><i>Green Oslo: Visions, Planning and Discourse</i></a>. Ashgate. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4094-7351-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4094-7351-0"><bdi>978-1-4094-7351-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Green+Oslo%3A+Visions%2C+Planning+and+Discourse&rft.pub=Ashgate&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-4094-7351-0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUm4R7CN40ZcC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOslo" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStagg1956" class="citation book cs1">Stagg, Frank Noel (1956). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/eastnorwayitsfro00stag"><i>East Norway and its frontier; a history of Oslo and its uplands</i></a>. London: George Allen & Unwin.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=East+Norway+and+its+frontier%3B+a+history+of+Oslo+and+its+uplands&rft.place=London&rft.pub=George+Allen+%26+Unwin&rft.date=1956&rft.aulast=Stagg&rft.aufirst=Frank+Noel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Feastnorwayitsfro00stag&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOslo" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStreeton2018" class="citation journal cs1">Streeton, Noëlle L. W. (2018). "Perspectives (Old and New) on Late Medieval Church Art in Norway: Questioning the Hegemony of Lübeck Workshops". <i>Scandinavian Studies</i>. <b>90</b> (1): 50–77. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5406%2Fscanstud.90.1.0050">10.5406/scanstud.90.1.0050</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5406/scanstud.90.1.0050">10.5406/scanstud.90.1.0050</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scandinavian+Studies&rft.atitle=Perspectives+%28Old+and+New%29+on+Late+Medieval+Church+Art+in+Norway%3A+Questioning+the+Hegemony+of+L%C3%BCbeck+Workshops&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=50-77&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5406%2Fscanstud.90.1.0050&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F10.5406%2Fscanstud.90.1.0050%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Streeton&rft.aufirst=No%C3%ABlle+L.+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOslo" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oslo&action=edit&section=53" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output 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2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Oslo" class="extiw" title="c:Oslo">Media</a> from Commons</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/41px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/54px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Oslo" class="extiw" title="voy:Oslo">Travel information</a> from Wikivoyage</span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has the text of the <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">1911 <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i></a> article "<span style="font-weight:bold;"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Christiania" class="extiw" title="wikisource:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Christiania">Christiania</a></span>".</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190130182436/https://www.oslo.kommune.no/">City of Oslo: Official website</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Norwegian)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oslo.kommune.no/english/">City of Oslo: Official website</a> <span class="languageicon">(in English)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.visitoslo.com/en/">Official Travel and Visitors Guide to Oslo</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180127083914/https://www.visitoslo.com/en/">Archived</a> 27 January 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/16px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/24px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/32px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Oslo#Q585" class="extiw" title="voy:Oslo">Oslo</a> travel guide from Wikivoyage</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Christiania"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_American_Cyclop%C3%A6dia_(1879)/Christiania">"Christiania" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_American_Cyclop%C3%A6dia" class="mw-redirect" title="The American Cyclopædia">The American Cyclopædia</a></i>. 1879.</cite><span 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href="/wiki/Bjerke_(borough)" title="Bjerke (borough)">Bjerke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frogner" title="Frogner">Frogner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamle_Oslo" title="Gamle Oslo">Gamle Oslo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grorud" title="Grorud">Grorud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%BCnerl%C3%B8kka" title="Grünerløkka">Grünerløkka</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Marka,_Oslo" title="Marka, Oslo">Marka</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordstrand,_Norway" title="Nordstrand, Norway">Nordstrand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordre_Aker" title="Nordre Aker">Nordre Aker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%98stensj%C3%B8" title="Østensjø">Østensjø</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sagene" title="Sagene">Sagene</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Sentrum,_Oslo" title="Sentrum, Oslo">Sentrum</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%B8ndre_Nordstrand" title="Søndre Nordstrand">Søndre Nordstrand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Hanshaugen" title="St. Hanshaugen">St. Hanshaugen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stovner" title="Stovner">Stovner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ullern" title="Ullern">Ullern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vestre_Aker" title="Vestre Aker">Vestre Aker</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Oslo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Oslo.svg/40px-Flag_of_Oslo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Oslo.svg/60px-Flag_of_Oslo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Oslo.svg/80px-Flag_of_Oslo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="County_municipalities_of_Norway" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:County_municipalities_of_Norway" title="Template:County municipalities of Norway"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:County_municipalities_of_Norway" title="Template talk:County municipalities of Norway"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:County_municipalities_of_Norway" title="Special:EditPage/Template:County municipalities of Norway"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="County_municipalities_of_Norway" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/County_municipality_(Norway)" title="County municipality (Norway)">County municipalities of Norway</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akershus_County_Municipality" title="Akershus County Municipality">Akershus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agder_County_Municipality" title="Agder County Municipality">Agder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buskerud_County_Municipality" title="Buskerud County Municipality">Buskerud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnmark_County_Municipality" title="Finnmark County Municipality">Finnmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innlandet_County_Municipality" title="Innlandet County Municipality">Innlandet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%B8re_og_Romsdal_County_Municipality" title="Møre og Romsdal County Municipality">Møre og Romsdal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordland_County_Municipality" title="Nordland County Municipality">Nordland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oslo_County_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Oslo County Municipality">Oslo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogaland_County_Municipality" title="Rogaland County Municipality">Rogaland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troms_County_Municipality" title="Troms County Municipality">Troms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telemark_County_Municipality" title="Telemark County Municipality">Telemark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%B8ndelag_County_Municipality" title="Trøndelag County Municipality">Trøndelag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viken_County_Municipality" title="Viken County Municipality">Viken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vestfold_County_Municipality" title="Vestfold County Municipality">Vestfold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vestland_County_Municipality" title="Vestland County Municipality">Vestland</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Norway.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/40px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/60px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/80px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aust-Agder_County_Municipality" title="Aust-Agder County Municipality">Aust-Agder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedmark_County_Municipality" title="Hedmark County Municipality">Hedmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hordaland_County_Municipality" title="Hordaland County Municipality">Hordaland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nord-Tr%C3%B8ndelag_County_Municipality" title="Nord-Trøndelag County Municipality">Nord-Trøndelag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oppland_County_Municipality" title="Oppland County Municipality">Oppland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sogn_og_Fjordane_County_Municipality" title="Sogn og Fjordane County Municipality">Sogn og Fjordane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%B8r-Tr%C3%B8ndelag_County_Municipality" title="Sør-Trøndelag County Municipality">Sør-Trøndelag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troms_og_Finnmark_County_Municipality" title="Troms og Finnmark County Municipality">Troms og Finnmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vest-Agder_County_Municipality" title="Vest-Agder County Municipality">Vest-Agder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vestfold_og_Telemark_County_Municipality" title="Vestfold og Telemark County Municipality">Vestfold og Telemark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viken_County_Municipality" title="Viken County Municipality">Viken</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Subdivisions,_counties,_traditional_districts,_and_municipalities_of_Norway" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Municipalities_of_Norway" title="Template:Municipalities of Norway"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Municipalities_of_Norway" title="Template talk:Municipalities of Norway"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Municipalities_of_Norway" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Municipalities of Norway"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Subdivisions,_counties,_traditional_districts,_and_municipalities_of_Norway" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Norway" title="Administrative divisions of Norway">Subdivisions</a>, <a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Norway" title="Counties of Norway">counties</a>, <a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Norway" title="Districts of Norway">traditional districts</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_of_Norway" title="List of municipalities of Norway">municipalities</a> of <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Norway" title="Eastern Norway">Eastern Norway</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%C3%98stfold_v%C3%A5pen.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/%C3%98stfold_v%C3%A5pen.svg/25px-%C3%98stfold_v%C3%A5pen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/%C3%98stfold_v%C3%A5pen.svg/38px-%C3%98stfold_v%C3%A5pen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/%C3%98stfold_v%C3%A5pen.svg/50px-%C3%98stfold_v%C3%A5pen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="230" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%C3%98stfold" title="Østfold">Østfold County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aremark_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Aremark Municipality">Aremark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fredrikstad_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Fredrikstad Municipality">Fredrikstad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halden_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Halden Municipality">Halden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hvaler_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Hvaler Municipality">Hvaler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indre_%C3%98stfold_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Indre Østfold Municipality">Indre Østfold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marker_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Marker Municipality">Marker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moss_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Moss Municipality">Moss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rakkestad_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Rakkestad Municipality">Rakkestad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A5de_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Råde Municipality">Råde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarpsborg_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Sarpsborg Municipality">Sarpsborg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skiptvet_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Skiptvet Municipality">Skiptvet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A5ler_Municipality_(%C3%98stfold)" class="mw-redirect" title="Våler Municipality (Østfold)">Våler</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Akershus_v%C3%A5pen.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Akershus_v%C3%A5pen.svg/25px-Akershus_v%C3%A5pen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Akershus_v%C3%A5pen.svg/38px-Akershus_v%C3%A5pen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Akershus_v%C3%A5pen.svg/50px-Akershus_v%C3%A5pen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="420" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Akershus" title="Akershus">Akershus County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Follo,_Norway" title="Follo, Norway">Follo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enebakk_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Enebakk Municipality">Enebakk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frogn_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Frogn Municipality">Frogn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nesodden_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Nesodden Municipality">Nesodden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordre_Follo_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Nordre Follo Municipality">Nordre Follo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vestby_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Vestby Municipality">Vestby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%85s_Municipality_(Akershus)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ås Municipality (Akershus)">Ås</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Nedre_Romerike" title="Nedre Romerike">Nedre Romerike</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aurskog-H%C3%B8land_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Aurskog-Høland Municipality">Aurskog-Høland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lillestr%C3%B8m_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Lillestrøm Municipality">Lillestrøm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%B8renskog_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Lørenskog Municipality">Lørenskog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nittedal_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Nittedal Municipality">Nittedal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A6lingen_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Rælingen Municipality">Rælingen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/%C3%98vre_Romerike" title="Øvre Romerike">Øvre Romerike</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eidsvoll_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Eidsvoll Municipality">Eidsvoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gjerdrum_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Gjerdrum Municipality">Gjerdrum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurdal_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Hurdal Municipality">Hurdal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nannestad_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Nannestad Municipality">Nannestad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nes_Municipality_(Akershus)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nes Municipality (Akershus)">Nes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ullensaker_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Ullensaker Municipality">Ullensaker</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Hadeland" title="Hadeland">Hadeland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jevnaker_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Jevnaker Municipality">Jevnaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunner_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Lunner Municipality">Lunner</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Vingulmark" title="Vingulmark">Vingulmark</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asker_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Asker Municipality">Asker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A6rum_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Bærum Municipality">Bærum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Oslo_komm.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Oslo_komm.svg/25px-Oslo_komm.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Oslo_komm.svg/38px-Oslo_komm.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Oslo_komm.svg/50px-Oslo_komm.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="611" /></a></span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Oslo County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oslo_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Oslo Municipality">Oslo Municipality</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Innlandet_v%C3%A5pen.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Innlandet_v%C3%A5pen.svg/25px-Innlandet_v%C3%A5pen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Innlandet_v%C3%A5pen.svg/38px-Innlandet_v%C3%A5pen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Innlandet_v%C3%A5pen.svg/50px-Innlandet_v%C3%A5pen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="309" data-file-height="387" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Innlandet" title="Innlandet">Innlandet County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Hedmark" title="Hedmark">Hedmark</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Gl%C3%A5mdal" title="Glåmdal">Glåmdal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eidskog_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Eidskog Municipality">Eidskog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kongsvinger_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Kongsvinger Municipality">Kongsvinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nord-Odal_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Nord-Odal Municipality">Nord-Odal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%B8r-Odal_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Sør-Odal Municipality">Sør-Odal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Hedmarken" title="Hedmarken">Hedmarken</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gj%C3%B8vik_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Gjøvik Municipality">Gjøvik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamar_Municipality" title="Hamar Municipality">Hamar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%B8ten_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Løten Municipality">Løten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ringsaker_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Ringsaker Municipality">Ringsaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stange_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Stange Municipality">Stange</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Sol%C3%B8r" title="Solør">Solør</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grue_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Grue Municipality">Grue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A5ler_Municipality_(Innlandet)" class="mw-redirect" title="Våler Municipality (Innlandet)">Våler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%85snes_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Åsnes Municipality">Åsnes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/%C3%98sterdalen" title="Østerdalen">Østerdalen</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alvdal_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Alvdal Municipality">Alvdal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elverum_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Elverum Municipality">Elverum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engerdal_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Engerdal Municipality">Engerdal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folldal_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Folldal Municipality">Folldal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Os_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Os Municipality">Os</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rendalen_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Rendalen Municipality">Rendalen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stor-Elvdal_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Stor-Elvdal Municipality">Stor-Elvdal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolga_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Tolga Municipality">Tolga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trysil_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Trysil Municipality">Trysil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%85mot_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Åmot Municipality">Åmot</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Oppland" title="Oppland">Oppland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Gudbrandsdal" class="mw-redirect" title="Gudbrandsdal">Gudbrandsdal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dovre_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Dovre Municipality">Dovre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nord-Fron_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Nord-Fron Municipality">Nord-Fron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%B8r-Fron_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Sør-Fron Municipality">Sør-Fron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gausdal_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Gausdal Municipality">Gausdal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesja_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Lesja Municipality">Lesja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lillehammer_Municipality" title="Lillehammer Municipality">Lillehammer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lom_Municipality" title="Lom Municipality">Lom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ringebu_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Ringebu Municipality">Ringebu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sel_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Sel Municipality">Sel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skj%C3%A5k_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Skjåk Municipality">Skjåk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A5g%C3%A5_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Vågå Municipality">Vågå</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%98yer_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Øyer Municipality">Øyer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Hadeland" title="Hadeland">Hadeland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gran_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Gran Municipality">Gran</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Land,_Norway" title="Land, Norway">Land</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nordre_Land_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Nordre Land Municipality">Nordre Land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%B8ndre_Land_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Søndre Land Municipality">Søndre Land</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Toten" title="Toten">Toten</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vestre_Toten_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Vestre Toten Municipality">Vestre Toten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%98stre_Toten_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Østre Toten Municipality">Østre Toten</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Valdres" title="Valdres">Valdres</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Etnedal" title="Etnedal">Etnedal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nord-Aurdal_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Nord-Aurdal Municipality">Nord-Aurdal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%B8r-Aurdal_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Sør-Aurdal Municipality">Sør-Aurdal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vang_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Vang Municipality">Vang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vestre_Slidre_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Vestre Slidre Municipality">Vestre Slidre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%98ystre_Slidre_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Øystre Slidre Municipality">Øystre Slidre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Buskerud_v%C3%A5pen.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Buskerud_v%C3%A5pen.svg/25px-Buskerud_v%C3%A5pen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Buskerud_v%C3%A5pen.svg/38px-Buskerud_v%C3%A5pen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Buskerud_v%C3%A5pen.svg/50px-Buskerud_v%C3%A5pen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="440" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Buskerud" title="Buskerud">Buskerud County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Hallingdal" title="Hallingdal">Hallingdal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fl%C3%A5" title="Flå">Flå</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nesbyen_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Nesbyen Municipality">Nesbyen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gol_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Gol Municipality">Gol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hol_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Hol Municipality">Hol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemsedal_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Hemsedal Municipality">Hemsedal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%85l_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Ål Municipality">Ål</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Numedal" title="Numedal">Numedal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flesberg_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Flesberg Municipality">Flesberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kongsberg_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Kongsberg Municipality">Kongsberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nore_og_Uvdal_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Nore og Uvdal Municipality">Nore og Uvdal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rollag_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Rollag Municipality">Rollag</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Ringerike_(traditional_district)" title="Ringerike (traditional district)">Ringerike</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hole_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Hole Municipality">Hole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kr%C3%B8dsherad_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Krødsherad Municipality">Krødsherad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modum_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Modum Municipality">Modum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ringerike_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Ringerike Municipality">Ringerike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigdal_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Sigdal Municipality">Sigdal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Drammen" title="Drammen">Drammen</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drammen_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Drammen Municipality">Drammen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%98vre_Eiker_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Øvre Eiker Municipality">Øvre Eiker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lier_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Lier Municipality">Lier</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Telemark_v%C3%A5pen_2024.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Telemark_v%C3%A5pen_2024.svg/25px-Telemark_v%C3%A5pen_2024.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Telemark_v%C3%A5pen_2024.svg/38px-Telemark_v%C3%A5pen_2024.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Telemark_v%C3%A5pen_2024.svg/50px-Telemark_v%C3%A5pen_2024.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="586" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Telemark" title="Telemark">Telemark County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Upper_Telemark" title="Upper Telemark">Øvre<br />Telemark</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Aust-Telemark" title="Aust-Telemark">Aust-Telemark</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hjartdal_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Hjartdal Municipality">Hjartdal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notodden_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Notodden Municipality">Notodden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tinn_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Tinn Municipality">Tinn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Vest-Telemark" title="Vest-Telemark">Vest-Telemark</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fyresdal_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Fyresdal Municipality">Fyresdal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kviteseid_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Kviteseid Municipality">Kviteseid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nissedal_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Nissedal Municipality">Nissedal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seljord_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Seljord Municipality">Seljord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokke_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Tokke Municipality">Tokke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinje_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Vinje Municipality">Vinje</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Midt-Telemark" title="Midt-Telemark">Midt-Telemark</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Midt-Telemark_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Midt-Telemark Municipality">Midt-Telemark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nome_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Nome Municipality">Nome</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Nedre_Telemark" class="mw-redirect" title="Nedre Telemark">Nedre<br />Telemark</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Grenland" title="Grenland">Grenland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Porsgrunn_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Porsgrunn Municipality">Porsgrunn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siljan_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Siljan Municipality">Siljan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skien_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Skien Municipality">Skien</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Vestmar" class="mw-redirect" title="Vestmar">Vestmar</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bamble_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Bamble Municipality">Bamble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drangedal_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Drangedal Municipality">Drangedal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krager%C3%B8_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Kragerø Municipality">Kragerø</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vestfold_v%C3%A5pen_2024.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Vestfold_v%C3%A5pen_2024.svg/25px-Vestfold_v%C3%A5pen_2024.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Vestfold_v%C3%A5pen_2024.svg/38px-Vestfold_v%C3%A5pen_2024.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Vestfold_v%C3%A5pen_2024.svg/50px-Vestfold_v%C3%A5pen_2024.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="586" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Vestfold" title="Vestfold">Vestfold County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A6rder_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Færder Municipality">Færder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holmestrand_Municipality" title="Holmestrand Municipality">Holmestrand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horten_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Horten Municipality">Horten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larvik_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Larvik Municipality">Larvik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandefjord_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Sandefjord Municipality">Sandefjord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%B8nsberg_Municipality" title="Tønsberg Municipality">Tønsberg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Norway" title="Southern Norway">Southern Norway</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="25px_Agder_County" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Agder_v%C3%A5pen.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Agder_v%C3%A5pen.svg/25px-Agder_v%C3%A5pen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Agder_v%C3%A5pen.svg/38px-Agder_v%C3%A5pen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Agder_v%C3%A5pen.svg/50px-Agder_v%C3%A5pen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="145" data-file-height="182" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Agder" title="Agder">Agder County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Nedenes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arendal_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Arendal Municipality">Arendal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birkenes_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Birkenes Municipality">Birkenes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Froland_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Froland Municipality">Froland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gjerstad_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Gjerstad Municipality">Gjerstad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grimstad_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Grimstad Municipality">Grimstad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lillesand_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Lillesand Municipality">Lillesand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ris%C3%B8r_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Risør Municipality">Risør</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tvedestrand_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Tvedestrand Municipality">Tvedestrand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veg%C3%A5rshei_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Vegårshei Municipality">Vegårshei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%85mli_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Åmli Municipality">Åmli</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Setesdal" title="Setesdal">Setesdal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bygland_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Bygland Municipality">Bygland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bykle_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Bykle Municipality">Bykle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evje_og_Hornnes_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Evje og Hornnes Municipality">Evje og Hornnes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iveland_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Iveland Municipality">Iveland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valle_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Valle Municipality">Valle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Lister_Region" title="Lister Region">Lister</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Farsund_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Farsund Municipality">Farsund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flekkefjord_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Flekkefjord Municipality">Flekkefjord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kvinesdal_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Kvinesdal Municipality">Kvinesdal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyngdal_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Lyngdal Municipality">Lyngdal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%85seral_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Åseral Municipality">Åseral</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Mandal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A6gebostad_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Hægebostad Municipality">Hægebostad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kristiansand_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Kristiansand Municipality">Kristiansand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lindesnes_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Lindesnes Municipality">Lindesnes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirdal_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Sirdal Municipality">Sirdal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vennesla_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Vennesla Municipality">Vennesla</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Western_Norway" title="Western Norway">Western Norway</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rogaland_v%C3%A5pen.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Rogaland_v%C3%A5pen.svg/25px-Rogaland_v%C3%A5pen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Rogaland_v%C3%A5pen.svg/38px-Rogaland_v%C3%A5pen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Rogaland_v%C3%A5pen.svg/50px-Rogaland_v%C3%A5pen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="420" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Rogaland" title="Rogaland">Rogaland County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Dalane" title="Dalane">Dalane</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bjerkreim_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Bjerkreim Municipality">Bjerkreim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eigersund_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Eigersund Municipality">Eigersund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lund_Municipality_(Norway)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lund Municipality (Norway)">Lund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sokndal_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Sokndal Municipality">Sokndal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Haugaland" title="Haugaland">Haugaland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bokn_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Bokn Municipality">Bokn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haugesund_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Haugesund Municipality">Haugesund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karm%C3%B8y_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Karmøy Municipality">Karmøy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tysv%C3%A6r_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Tysvær Municipality">Tysvær</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utsira_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Utsira Municipality">Utsira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vindafjord_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Vindafjord Municipality">Vindafjord</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A6ren" title="Jæren">Jæren</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gjesdal_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Gjesdal Municipality">Gjesdal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A5_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Hå Municipality">Hå</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klepp_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Klepp Municipality">Klepp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randaberg_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Randaberg Municipality">Randaberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandnes_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Sandnes Municipality">Sandnes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sola_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Sola Municipality">Sola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stavanger_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Stavanger Municipality">Stavanger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Time Municipality">Time</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Ryfylke" title="Ryfylke">Ryfylke</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hjelmeland_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Hjelmeland Municipality">Hjelmeland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kvits%C3%B8y_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Kvitsøy Municipality">Kvitsøy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sauda_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Sauda Municipality">Sauda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strand_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Strand Municipality">Strand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suldal_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Suldal Municipality">Suldal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vestland_v%C3%A5pen.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Vestland_v%C3%A5pen.svg/25px-Vestland_v%C3%A5pen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Vestland_v%C3%A5pen.svg/38px-Vestland_v%C3%A5pen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Vestland_v%C3%A5pen.svg/50px-Vestland_v%C3%A5pen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="820" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Vestland" title="Vestland">Vestland County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Hordaland" title="Hordaland">Hordaland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Hardanger" title="Hardanger">Hardanger</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eidfjord_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Eidfjord Municipality">Eidfjord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kvam_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Kvam Municipality">Kvam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ullensvang_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Ullensvang Municipality">Ullensvang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulvik_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Ulvik Municipality">Ulvik</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Midhordland" title="Midhordland">Midhordland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ask%C3%B8y_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Askøy Municipality">Askøy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bj%C3%B8rnafjorden_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Bjørnafjorden Municipality">Bjørnafjorden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austevoll_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Austevoll Municipality">Austevoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bergen_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Bergen Municipality">Bergen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samnanger_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Samnanger Municipality">Samnanger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%98ygarden_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Øygarden Municipality">Øygarden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Nordhordland" title="Nordhordland">Nordhordland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alver_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Alver Municipality">Alver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrheim_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Austrheim Municipality">Austrheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fedje_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Fedje Municipality">Fedje</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masfjorden_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Masfjorden Municipality">Masfjorden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modalen_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Modalen Municipality">Modalen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oster%C3%B8y_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Osterøy Municipality">Osterøy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaksdal_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Vaksdal Municipality">Vaksdal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Sunnhordland" title="Sunnhordland">Sunnhordland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%B8mlo_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Bømlo Municipality">Bømlo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etne_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Etne Municipality">Etne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fitjar_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Fitjar Municipality">Fitjar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kvinnherad_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Kvinnherad Municipality">Kvinnherad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stord_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Stord Municipality">Stord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sveio_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Sveio Municipality">Sveio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tysnes_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Tysnes Municipality">Tysnes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Voss" title="Voss">Voss</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Voss_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Voss Municipality">Voss</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Sogn_og_Fjordane" title="Sogn og Fjordane">Sogn og <br />Fjordane</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Nordfjord" title="Nordfjord">Nordfjord</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bremanger_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Bremanger Municipality">Bremanger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloppen_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Gloppen Municipality">Gloppen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stad_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Stad Municipality">Stad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stryn_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Stryn Municipality">Stryn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Sunnfjord" title="Sunnfjord">Sunnfjord</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Askvoll_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Askvoll Municipality">Askvoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fjaler_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Fjaler Municipality">Fjaler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinn_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Kinn Municipality">Kinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunnfjord_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunnfjord Municipality">Sunnfjord</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Sogn" title="Sogn">Sogn</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aurland_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Aurland Municipality">Aurland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulen_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Gulen Municipality">Gulen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B8yanger_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Høyanger Municipality">Høyanger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyllestad_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyllestad Municipality">Hyllestad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luster_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Luster Municipality">Luster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A6rdal_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Lærdal Municipality">Lærdal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sogndal_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Sogndal Municipality">Sogndal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solund_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Solund Municipality">Solund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vik_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Vik Municipality">Vik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%85rdal_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Årdal Municipality">Årdal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:M%C3%B8re_og_Romsdal_v%C3%A5pen.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/M%C3%B8re_og_Romsdal_v%C3%A5pen.svg/25px-M%C3%B8re_og_Romsdal_v%C3%A5pen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/M%C3%B8re_og_Romsdal_v%C3%A5pen.svg/38px-M%C3%B8re_og_Romsdal_v%C3%A5pen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/M%C3%B8re_og_Romsdal_v%C3%A5pen.svg/50px-M%C3%B8re_og_Romsdal_v%C3%A5pen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="420" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/M%C3%B8re_og_Romsdal" title="Møre og Romsdal">Møre og Romsdal<br />County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Nordm%C3%B8re" title="Nordmøre">Nordmøre</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aure_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Aure Municipality">Aure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aver%C3%B8y_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Averøy Municipality">Averøy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gjemnes_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Gjemnes Municipality">Gjemnes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kristiansund_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Kristiansund Municipality">Kristiansund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sm%C3%B8la_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Smøla Municipality">Smøla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunndal_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunndal Municipality">Sunndal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surnadal_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Surnadal Municipality">Surnadal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tingvoll_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Tingvoll Municipality">Tingvoll</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Romsdal" title="Romsdal">Romsdal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aukra_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Aukra Municipality">Aukra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hustadvika_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Hustadvika Municipality">Hustadvika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molde_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Molde Municipality">Molde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rauma_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Rauma Municipality">Rauma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vestnes_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Vestnes Municipality">Vestnes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Sunnm%C3%B8re" title="Sunnmøre">Sunnmøre</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Giske_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Giske Municipality">Giske</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hareid_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Hareid Municipality">Hareid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haram_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Haram Municipality">Haram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fjord_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Fjord Municipality">Fjord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Her%C3%B8y_Municipality_(M%C3%B8re_og_Romsdal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Herøy Municipality (Møre og Romsdal)">Herøy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sande_Municipality_(M%C3%B8re_og_Romsdal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sande Municipality (Møre og Romsdal)">Sande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stranda_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Stranda Municipality">Stranda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sula_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Sula Municipality">Sula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sykkylven_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Sykkylven Municipality">Sykkylven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulstein_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Ulstein Municipality">Ulstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanylven_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Vanylven Municipality">Vanylven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volda_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Volda Municipality">Volda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%85lesund_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Ålesund Municipality">Ålesund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%98rsta_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Ørsta Municipality">Ørsta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central_Norway" title="Central Norway">Central Norway</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="25px_Trøndelag_County" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tr%C3%B8ndelag_v%C3%A5pen.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Tr%C3%B8ndelag_v%C3%A5pen.svg/25px-Tr%C3%B8ndelag_v%C3%A5pen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Tr%C3%B8ndelag_v%C3%A5pen.svg/38px-Tr%C3%B8ndelag_v%C3%A5pen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Tr%C3%B8ndelag_v%C3%A5pen.svg/50px-Tr%C3%B8ndelag_v%C3%A5pen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%B8ndelag" title="Trøndelag">Trøndelag County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Fosen" title="Fosen">Fosen</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%B8ya_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Frøya Municipality">Frøya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hitra_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Hitra Municipality">Hitra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indre_Fosen_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Indre Fosen Municipality">Indre Fosen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osen_Municipality" title="Osen Municipality">Osen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%85fjord_Municipality" title="Åfjord Municipality">Åfjord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%98rland_Municipality" title="Ørland Municipality">Ørland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Innherred" title="Innherred">Innherred</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inder%C3%B8y_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Inderøy Municipality">Inderøy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levanger_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Levanger Municipality">Levanger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sn%C3%A5sa_Municipality" title="Snåsa Municipality">Snåsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steinkjer_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Steinkjer Municipality">Steinkjer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verdal_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Verdal Municipality">Verdal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Namdalen" title="Namdalen">Namdalen</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flatanger_Municipality" title="Flatanger Municipality">Flatanger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grong_Municipality" title="Grong Municipality">Grong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B8ylandet_Municipality" title="Høylandet Municipality">Høylandet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leka_Municipality" title="Leka Municipality">Leka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lierne_Municipality" title="Lierne Municipality">Lierne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namsos_Municipality" title="Namsos Municipality">Namsos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namsskogan_Municipality" title="Namsskogan Municipality">Namsskogan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A6r%C3%B8ysund_Municipality" title="Nærøysund Municipality">Nærøysund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overhalla_Municipality" title="Overhalla Municipality">Overhalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%B8yrvik_Municipality" title="Røyrvik Municipality">Røyrvik</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Stj%C3%B8rdalen" title="Stjørdalen">Stjørdalen</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frosta_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Frosta Municipality">Frosta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mer%C3%A5ker_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Meråker Municipality">Meråker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stj%C3%B8rdal_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Stjørdal Municipality">Stjørdal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malvik_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Malvik Municipality">Malvik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selbu_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Selbu Municipality">Selbu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skaun_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Skaun Municipality">Skaun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trondheim_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Trondheim Municipality">Trondheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tydal_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Tydal Municipality">Tydal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Gauldal" title="Gauldal">Gauldal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holt%C3%A5len_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Holtålen Municipality">Holtålen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melhus_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Melhus Municipality">Melhus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midtre_Gauldal_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Midtre Gauldal Municipality">Midtre Gauldal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%B8ros_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Røros Municipality">Røros</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Orkdalen" title="Orkdalen">Orkdalen</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heim_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Heim Municipality">Heim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oppdal_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Oppdal Municipality">Oppdal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orkdal_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Orkdal Municipality">Orkdal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rennebu_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Rennebu Municipality">Rennebu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rindal_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Rindal Municipality">Rindal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Norway" title="Northern Norway">Northern Norway</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nordland_v%C3%A5pen.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Nordland_v%C3%A5pen.svg/25px-Nordland_v%C3%A5pen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Nordland_v%C3%A5pen.svg/38px-Nordland_v%C3%A5pen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Nordland_v%C3%A5pen.svg/50px-Nordland_v%C3%A5pen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="248" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Nordland" title="Nordland">Nordland County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Helgeland" title="Helgeland">Helgeland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alstahaug_Municipality" title="Alstahaug Municipality">Alstahaug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bindal_Municipality" title="Bindal Municipality">Bindal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Br%C3%B8nn%C3%B8y_Municipality" title="Brønnøy Municipality">Brønnøy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%B8nna_Municipality" title="Dønna Municipality">Dønna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grane_Municipality" title="Grane Municipality">Grane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hattfjelldal_Municipality" title="Hattfjelldal Municipality">Hattfjelldal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemnes_Municipality" title="Hemnes Municipality">Hemnes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Her%C3%B8y_Municipality_(Nordland)" title="Herøy Municipality (Nordland)">Herøy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leirfjord_Municipality" title="Leirfjord Municipality">Leirfjord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lur%C3%B8y_Municipality" title="Lurøy Municipality">Lurøy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nesna_Municipality" title="Nesna Municipality">Nesna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rana_Municipality" title="Rana Municipality">Rana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%B8d%C3%B8y_Municipality" title="Rødøy Municipality">Rødøy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%B8mna_Municipality" title="Sømna Municipality">Sømna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%A6na_Municipality" title="Træna Municipality">Træna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vefsn_Municipality" title="Vefsn Municipality">Vefsn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vega_Municipality" title="Vega Municipality">Vega</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vevelstad_Municipality" title="Vevelstad Municipality">Vevelstad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Lofoten" title="Lofoten">Lofoten</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flakstad_Municipality" title="Flakstad Municipality">Flakstad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moskenes_Municipality" title="Moskenes Municipality">Moskenes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%B8st_Municipality" title="Røst Municipality">Røst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vestv%C3%A5g%C3%B8y_Municipality" title="Vestvågøy Municipality">Vestvågøy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A6r%C3%B8y_Municipality" title="Værøy Municipality">Værøy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A5gan_Municipality" title="Vågan Municipality">Vågan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Ofoten" title="Ofoten">Ofoten</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evenes_Municipality" title="Evenes Municipality">Evenes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%B8dingen_Municipality" title="Lødingen Municipality">Lødingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narvik_Municipality" title="Narvik Municipality">Narvik</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Salten" title="Salten">Salten</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beiarn_Municipality" title="Beiarn Municipality">Beiarn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bod%C3%B8_Municipality" title="Bodø Municipality">Bodø</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauske_Municipality" title="Fauske Municipality">Fauske</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gildesk%C3%A5l_Municipality" title="Gildeskål Municipality">Gildeskål</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamar%C3%B8y_Municipality" title="Hamarøy Municipality">Hamarøy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mel%C3%B8y_Municipality" title="Meløy Municipality">Meløy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saltdal_Municipality" title="Saltdal Municipality">Saltdal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steigen_Municipality" title="Steigen Municipality">Steigen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%B8rfold_Municipality" title="Sørfold Municipality">Sørfold</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Vester%C3%A5len" title="Vesterålen">Vesterålen</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/And%C3%B8y_Municipality" title="Andøy Municipality">Andøy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%B8_Municipality_(Nordland)" title="Bø Municipality (Nordland)">Bø</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadsel_Municipality" title="Hadsel Municipality">Hadsel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sortland_Municipality" title="Sortland Municipality">Sortland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%98ksnes_Municipality" title="Øksnes Municipality">Øksnes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Troms_v%C3%A5pen.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Troms_v%C3%A5pen.svg/25px-Troms_v%C3%A5pen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Troms_v%C3%A5pen.svg/38px-Troms_v%C3%A5pen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Troms_v%C3%A5pen.svg/50px-Troms_v%C3%A5pen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="420" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Troms" title="Troms">Troms County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Midt-Troms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bardu_Municipality" title="Bardu Municipality">Bardu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dyr%C3%B8y_Municipality" title="Dyrøy Municipality">Dyrøy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A5lselv_Municipality" title="Målselv Municipality">Målselv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senja_Municipality" title="Senja Municipality">Senja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%B8rreisa_Municipality" title="Sørreisa Municipality">Sørreisa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Nord-Troms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balsfjord_Municipality" title="Balsfjord Municipality">Balsfjord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karls%C3%B8y_Municipality" title="Karlsøy Municipality">Karlsøy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%A5fjord_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Kåfjord Municipality">Kåfjord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kv%C3%A6nangen_Municipality" title="Kvænangen Municipality">Kvænangen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyngen_Municipality" title="Lyngen Municipality">Lyngen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordreisa_Municipality" title="Nordreisa Municipality">Nordreisa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skjerv%C3%B8y_Municipality" title="Skjervøy Municipality">Skjervøy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storfjord_Municipality" title="Storfjord Municipality">Storfjord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troms%C3%B8_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Tromsø Municipality">Tromsø</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Sør-Troms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gratangen_Municipality" title="Gratangen Municipality">Gratangen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harstad_Municipality" title="Harstad Municipality">Harstad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibestad_Municipality" title="Ibestad Municipality">Ibestad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kv%C3%A6fjord_Municipality" title="Kvæfjord Municipality">Kvæfjord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavangen_Municipality" title="Lavangen Municipality">Lavangen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salangen_Municipality" title="Salangen Municipality">Salangen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tjeldsund_Municipality" title="Tjeldsund Municipality">Tjeldsund</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Finnmark_v%C3%A5pen.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Finnmark_v%C3%A5pen.svg/25px-Finnmark_v%C3%A5pen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Finnmark_v%C3%A5pen.svg/38px-Finnmark_v%C3%A5pen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Finnmark_v%C3%A5pen.svg/50px-Finnmark_v%C3%A5pen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="420" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Finnmark" title="Finnmark">Finnmark County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Aust-Finnmark</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berlev%C3%A5g_Municipality" title="Berlevåg Municipality">Berlevåg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A5tsfjord_Municipality" title="Båtsfjord Municipality">Båtsfjord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamvik_Municipality" title="Gamvik Municipality">Gamvik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebesby_Municipality" title="Lebesby Municipality">Lebesby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nesseby_Municipality" title="Nesseby Municipality">Nesseby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%B8r-Varanger_Municipality" title="Sør-Varanger Municipality">Sør-Varangen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tana_Municipality" title="Tana Municipality">Tana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vads%C3%B8_Municipality" title="Vadsø Municipality">Vadsø</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vard%C3%B8_Municipality" title="Vardø Municipality">Vardø</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Vest-Finnmark" class="mw-redirect" title="Vest-Finnmark">Vest-Finnmark</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hasvik_Municipality" title="Hasvik Municipality">Hasvik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alta_Municipality" title="Alta Municipality">Alta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordkapp_Municipality" title="Nordkapp Municipality">Nordkapp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kautokeino_Municipality" title="Kautokeino Municipality">Kautokeino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hammerfest_Municipality" title="Hammerfest Municipality">Hammerfest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karasjok_Municipality" title="Karasjok Municipality">Karasjok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loppa_Municipality" title="Loppa Municipality">Loppa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A5s%C3%B8y_Municipality" title="Måsøy Municipality">Måsøy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porsanger_Municipality" title="Porsanger Municipality">Porsanger</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Counties_of_Norway" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Counties_of_Norway" title="Template:Counties of Norway"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Counties_of_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Template talk:Counties of Norway"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Counties_of_Norway" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Counties of Norway"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Counties_of_Norway" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Norway" title="Counties of Norway">Counties of Norway</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Current_counties" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Current counties</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <table style="text-align:center; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <td width="12.5%"><a href="/wiki/%C3%98stfold" title="Østfold">Østfold</a><br /> (Est. 1662) </td> <td width="12.5%"><a href="/wiki/Akershus" title="Akershus">Akershus</a><br />(Est. 1662) </td> <td width="12.5%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Oslo</a><br />(Est. 1842) </td> <td width="12.5%"><a href="/wiki/Innlandet" title="Innlandet">Innlandet</a><br />(Est. 2020) </td> <td width="12.5%"><a href="/wiki/Buskerud" title="Buskerud">Buskerud</a><br /> (Est. 1685) </td> <td width="12.5%"><a href="/wiki/Vestfold" title="Vestfold">Vestfold</a><br />(Est. 1821) </td> <td width="12.5%"><a href="/wiki/Telemark" title="Telemark">Telemark</a><br />(Est. 1662) </td> <td width="12.5%"><a href="/wiki/Agder" title="Agder">Agder</a><br />(Est. 2020) </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%C3%98stfold" title="Østfold"><img alt="Østfold" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/%C3%98stfold_v%C3%A5pen.svg/45px-%C3%98stfold_v%C3%A5pen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/%C3%98stfold_v%C3%A5pen.svg/68px-%C3%98stfold_v%C3%A5pen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/%C3%98stfold_v%C3%A5pen.svg/90px-%C3%98stfold_v%C3%A5pen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="230" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Akershus" title="Akershus"><img alt="Akershus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Akershus_v%C3%A5pen.svg/45px-Akershus_v%C3%A5pen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Akershus_v%C3%A5pen.svg/68px-Akershus_v%C3%A5pen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Akershus_v%C3%A5pen.svg/90px-Akershus_v%C3%A5pen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="420" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo"><img alt="Oslo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Insigne_Anslogae.svg/45px-Insigne_Anslogae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Insigne_Anslogae.svg/68px-Insigne_Anslogae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Insigne_Anslogae.svg/90px-Insigne_Anslogae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="363" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Innlandet" title="Innlandet"><img alt="Innlandet" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Innlandet_v%C3%A5pen.svg/45px-Innlandet_v%C3%A5pen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Innlandet_v%C3%A5pen.svg/68px-Innlandet_v%C3%A5pen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Innlandet_v%C3%A5pen.svg/90px-Innlandet_v%C3%A5pen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="309" data-file-height="387" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Buskerud" title="Buskerud"><img alt="Buskerud" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Buskerud_v%C3%A5pen.svg/45px-Buskerud_v%C3%A5pen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="51" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Buskerud_v%C3%A5pen.svg/68px-Buskerud_v%C3%A5pen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Buskerud_v%C3%A5pen.svg/90px-Buskerud_v%C3%A5pen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="440" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vestfold_v%C3%A5pen_2024.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Vestfold_v%C3%A5pen_2024.svg/45px-Vestfold_v%C3%A5pen_2024.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Vestfold_v%C3%A5pen_2024.svg/68px-Vestfold_v%C3%A5pen_2024.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Vestfold_v%C3%A5pen_2024.svg/90px-Vestfold_v%C3%A5pen_2024.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="586" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Telemark_v%C3%A5pen_2024.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Telemark_v%C3%A5pen_2024.svg/45px-Telemark_v%C3%A5pen_2024.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Telemark_v%C3%A5pen_2024.svg/68px-Telemark_v%C3%A5pen_2024.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Telemark_v%C3%A5pen_2024.svg/90px-Telemark_v%C3%A5pen_2024.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="586" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Agder" title="Agder"><img alt="Agder" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Agder_v%C3%A5pen.svg/45px-Agder_v%C3%A5pen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Agder_v%C3%A5pen.svg/68px-Agder_v%C3%A5pen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Agder_v%C3%A5pen.svg/90px-Agder_v%C3%A5pen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="145" data-file-height="182" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="text-align:center; width:100%"> <tbody><tr> <td width="14.2%"><a href="/wiki/Rogaland" title="Rogaland">Rogaland</a><br />(Est. 1662) </td> <td width="14.2%"><a href="/wiki/Vestland" title="Vestland">Vestland</a><br />(Est. 2020) </td> <td width="14.2%"><a href="/wiki/M%C3%B8re_og_Romsdal" title="Møre og Romsdal">Møre og Romsdal</a><br />(Est. 1662) </td> <td width="14.2%"><a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%B8ndelag" title="Trøndelag">Trøndelag</a><br />(Est. 2018) </td> <td width="14.2%"><a href="/wiki/Nordland" title="Nordland">Nordland</a><br />(Est. 1662) </td> <td width="14.2%"><a href="/wiki/Troms" title="Troms">Troms</a><br />(Est. 1866) </td> <td width="14.2%"><a href="/wiki/Finnmark" title="Finnmark">Finnmark</a><br /> (Est. 1662) </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Rogaland" title="Rogaland"><img alt="Rogaland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Rogaland_v%C3%A5pen.svg/45px-Rogaland_v%C3%A5pen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Rogaland_v%C3%A5pen.svg/68px-Rogaland_v%C3%A5pen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Rogaland_v%C3%A5pen.svg/90px-Rogaland_v%C3%A5pen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="420" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Vestland" title="Vestland"><img alt="Vestland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Vestland_v%C3%A5pen.svg/45px-Vestland_v%C3%A5pen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="55" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Vestland_v%C3%A5pen.svg/68px-Vestland_v%C3%A5pen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Vestland_v%C3%A5pen.svg/90px-Vestland_v%C3%A5pen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="820" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/M%C3%B8re_og_Romsdal" title="Møre og Romsdal"><img alt="Møre og Romsdal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/M%C3%B8re_og_Romsdal_v%C3%A5pen.svg/45px-M%C3%B8re_og_Romsdal_v%C3%A5pen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/M%C3%B8re_og_Romsdal_v%C3%A5pen.svg/68px-M%C3%B8re_og_Romsdal_v%C3%A5pen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/M%C3%B8re_og_Romsdal_v%C3%A5pen.svg/90px-M%C3%B8re_og_Romsdal_v%C3%A5pen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="420" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%B8ndelag" title="Trøndelag"><img alt="Trøndelag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Tr%C3%B8ndelag_v%C3%A5pen.svg/45px-Tr%C3%B8ndelag_v%C3%A5pen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Tr%C3%B8ndelag_v%C3%A5pen.svg/68px-Tr%C3%B8ndelag_v%C3%A5pen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Tr%C3%B8ndelag_v%C3%A5pen.svg/90px-Tr%C3%B8ndelag_v%C3%A5pen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Nordland" title="Nordland"><img alt="Nordland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Nordland_v%C3%A5pen.svg/45px-Nordland_v%C3%A5pen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Nordland_v%C3%A5pen.svg/68px-Nordland_v%C3%A5pen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Nordland_v%C3%A5pen.svg/90px-Nordland_v%C3%A5pen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="248" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Troms" title="Troms"><img alt="Troms" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Troms_v%C3%A5pen.svg/45px-Troms_v%C3%A5pen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Troms_v%C3%A5pen.svg/68px-Troms_v%C3%A5pen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Troms_v%C3%A5pen.svg/90px-Troms_v%C3%A5pen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="420" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Finnmark" title="Finnmark"><img alt="Finnmark" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Finnmark_v%C3%A5pen.svg/45px-Finnmark_v%C3%A5pen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Finnmark_v%C3%A5pen.svg/68px-Finnmark_v%C3%A5pen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Finnmark_v%C3%A5pen.svg/90px-Finnmark_v%C3%A5pen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="420" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Former_counties" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Former counties</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <table style="text-align:center; width:100%"> <tbody><tr> <td width="16.5%"><a href="/wiki/Aust-Agder" title="Aust-Agder">Aust-Agder</a><br />(1685–2019) </td> <td width="16.5%"><a href="/wiki/Bergen" title="Bergen">Bergen</a><br />(1831–1972) </td> <td width="16.5%"><a href="/wiki/Hedmark" title="Hedmark">Hedmark</a><br /> (1781–2019) </td> <td width="16.5%"><a href="/wiki/Hordaland" title="Hordaland">Hordaland</a><br /> (1763–2019) </td> <td width="16.5%"><a href="/wiki/Oppland" title="Oppland">Oppland</a><br /> (1781–2019) </td> <td width="16.5%"><a href="/wiki/Sogn_og_Fjordane" title="Sogn og Fjordane">Sogn og Fjordane</a><br />(1763–2019) </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Aust-Agder" title="Aust-Agder"><img alt="Aust-Agder" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Aust-Agder_v%C3%A5pen.svg/45px-Aust-Agder_v%C3%A5pen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Aust-Agder_v%C3%A5pen.svg/68px-Aust-Agder_v%C3%A5pen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Aust-Agder_v%C3%A5pen.svg/90px-Aust-Agder_v%C3%A5pen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="358" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bergen" title="Bergen"><img alt="Bergen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Bergen_komm.png/45px-Bergen_komm.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Bergen_komm.png/68px-Bergen_komm.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Bergen_komm.png/90px-Bergen_komm.png 2x" data-file-width="120" data-file-height="148" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Hedmark" title="Hedmark"><img alt="Hedmark" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Hedmark_v%C3%A5pen.svg/45px-Hedmark_v%C3%A5pen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Hedmark_v%C3%A5pen.svg/68px-Hedmark_v%C3%A5pen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Hedmark_v%C3%A5pen.svg/90px-Hedmark_v%C3%A5pen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="420" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Hordaland" title="Hordaland"><img alt="Hordaland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Hordaland_v%C3%A5pen.svg/45px-Hordaland_v%C3%A5pen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Hordaland_v%C3%A5pen.svg/68px-Hordaland_v%C3%A5pen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Hordaland_v%C3%A5pen.svg/90px-Hordaland_v%C3%A5pen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="34" data-file-height="39" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Oppland" title="Oppland"><img alt="Oppland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Oppland_v%C3%A5pen.svg/45px-Oppland_v%C3%A5pen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Oppland_v%C3%A5pen.svg/68px-Oppland_v%C3%A5pen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Oppland_v%C3%A5pen.svg/90px-Oppland_v%C3%A5pen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="420" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sogn_og_Fjordane" title="Sogn og Fjordane"><img alt="Sogn og Fjordane" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Sogn_og_Fjordane_v%C3%A5pen.svg/45px-Sogn_og_Fjordane_v%C3%A5pen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Sogn_og_Fjordane_v%C3%A5pen.svg/68px-Sogn_og_Fjordane_v%C3%A5pen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Sogn_og_Fjordane_v%C3%A5pen.svg/90px-Sogn_og_Fjordane_v%C3%A5pen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="420" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="text-align:center; width:100%"> <tbody><tr> <td width="16.5%"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%B8r-Tr%C3%B8ndelag" title="Sør-Trøndelag">Sør-Trøndelag</a><br />(1804–2017) </td> <td width="16.5%"><a href="/wiki/Troms_og_Finnmark" title="Troms og Finnmark">Troms og Finnmark</a><br />(2020–2024) </td> <td width="16.5%"><a href="/wiki/Nord-Tr%C3%B8ndelag" title="Nord-Trøndelag">Nord-Trøndelag</a><br />(1804–2017) </td> <td width="16.5%"><a href="/wiki/Vest-Agder" title="Vest-Agder">Vest-Agder</a><br />(1685–2019) </td> <td width="16.5%"><a href="/wiki/Vestfold_og_Telemark" title="Vestfold og Telemark">Vestfold og Telemark</a><br />(2020–2024) </td> <td width="16.5%"><a href="/wiki/Viken_(county)" title="Viken (county)">Viken</a><br />(2020–2024) </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%B8r-Tr%C3%B8ndelag" title="Sør-Trøndelag"><img alt="Sør-Trøndelag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/S%C3%B8r-Tr%C3%B8ndelag_v%C3%A5pen.svg/45px-S%C3%B8r-Tr%C3%B8ndelag_v%C3%A5pen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/S%C3%B8r-Tr%C3%B8ndelag_v%C3%A5pen.svg/68px-S%C3%B8r-Tr%C3%B8ndelag_v%C3%A5pen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/S%C3%B8r-Tr%C3%B8ndelag_v%C3%A5pen.svg/90px-S%C3%B8r-Tr%C3%B8ndelag_v%C3%A5pen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="420" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Troms_og_Finnmark" title="Troms og Finnmark"><img alt="Troms og Finnmark" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Troms_og_Finnmark_v%C3%A5pen.svg/90px-Troms_og_Finnmark_v%C3%A5pen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Troms_og_Finnmark_v%C3%A5pen.svg/135px-Troms_og_Finnmark_v%C3%A5pen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Troms_og_Finnmark_v%C3%A5pen.svg/180px-Troms_og_Finnmark_v%C3%A5pen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="295" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Nord-Tr%C3%B8ndelag" title="Nord-Trøndelag"><img alt="Nord-Trøndelag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Nord-Tr%C3%B8ndelag_v%C3%A5pen.svg/45px-Nord-Tr%C3%B8ndelag_v%C3%A5pen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Nord-Tr%C3%B8ndelag_v%C3%A5pen.svg/68px-Nord-Tr%C3%B8ndelag_v%C3%A5pen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Nord-Tr%C3%B8ndelag_v%C3%A5pen.svg/90px-Nord-Tr%C3%B8ndelag_v%C3%A5pen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="420" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Vest-Agder" title="Vest-Agder"><img alt="Vest-Agder" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Vest-Agder_v%C3%A5pen.svg/45px-Vest-Agder_v%C3%A5pen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Vest-Agder_v%C3%A5pen.svg/68px-Vest-Agder_v%C3%A5pen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Vest-Agder_v%C3%A5pen.svg/90px-Vest-Agder_v%C3%A5pen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="586" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Vestfold_og_Telemark" title="Vestfold og Telemark"><img alt="Vestfold og Telemark" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Vestfold_og_Telemark_v%C3%A5pen.svg/45px-Vestfold_og_Telemark_v%C3%A5pen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="51" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Vestfold_og_Telemark_v%C3%A5pen.svg/68px-Vestfold_og_Telemark_v%C3%A5pen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Vestfold_og_Telemark_v%C3%A5pen.svg/90px-Vestfold_og_Telemark_v%C3%A5pen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="584" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Viken_(county)" title="Viken (county)"><img alt="Viken (county)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Viken_v%C3%A5pen.svg/45px-Viken_v%C3%A5pen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="55" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Viken_v%C3%A5pen.svg/68px-Viken_v%C3%A5pen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Viken_v%C3%A5pen.svg/90px-Viken_v%C3%A5pen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="628" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Most_populous_urban_areas_of_Norway" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible collapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Most_populous_urban_areas_of_Norway" title="Template:Most populous urban areas of Norway"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Most_populous_urban_areas_of_Norway" title="Template talk:Most populous urban areas of Norway"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Most_populous_urban_areas_of_Norway" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Most populous urban areas of Norway"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Most_populous_urban_areas_of_Norway" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_urban_areas_in_Norway_by_population" title="List of urban areas in Norway by population">Most populous urban areas of Norway</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>As of 1 January 2023, according to <a href="/wiki/Statistics_Norway" title="Statistics Norway">Statistics Norway</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.ssb.no/en/befolkning/statistikker/beftett/aar">[2]</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 18em;"><div><ol><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Oslo</a> (1,082,575)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Bergen" title="Bergen">Bergen</a> (269,548)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Stavanger_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Stavanger (city)">Stavanger</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sandnes_(town)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sandnes (town)">Sandnes</a> (234,757)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Trondheim_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Trondheim (city)">Trondheim</a> (196,948)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Drammen_(town)" class="mw-redirect" title="Drammen (town)">Drammen</a> (122,955)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Fredrikstad_(town)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fredrikstad (town)">Fredrikstad</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sarpsborg_(town)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sarpsborg (town)">Sarpsborg</a> (120,332)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Porsgrunn_(town)" title="Porsgrunn (town)">Porsgrunn</a> / <a href="/wiki/Skien_(town)" title="Skien (town)">Skien</a> (95,793)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Kristiansand_(town)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kristiansand (town)">Kristiansand</a> (66,576)</li><li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%B8nsberg_(town)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tønsberg (town)">Tønsberg</a> (55,387)</li><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%85lesund_(town)" title="Ålesund (town)">Ålesund</a> (55,386)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Moss_(town)" class="mw-redirect" title="Moss (town)">Moss</a> (49,428)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Sandefjord_(town)" title="Sandefjord (town)">Sandefjord</a> (46,453)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Haugesund_(town)" class="mw-redirect" title="Haugesund (town)">Haugesund</a> (46,359)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Arendal_(town)" title="Arendal (town)">Arendal</a> (44,856)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Bod%C3%B8_(town)" title="Bodø (town)">Bodø</a> (42,831)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Troms%C3%B8_(city)" title="Tromsø (city)">Tromsø</a> (41,915)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Hamar" title="Hamar">Hamar</a> (29,605)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Gj%C3%B8vik_(town)" title="Gjøvik (town)">Gjøvik</a> (28,494)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Larvik_(town)" title="Larvik (town)">Larvik</a> (27,136)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Halden_(town)" class="mw-redirect" title="Halden (town)">Halden</a> (26,126)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Ask%C3%B8y" title="Askøy">Askøy</a> (24,280)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Jessheim" title="Jessheim">Jessheim</a> (23,918)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Kongsberg_(town)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kongsberg (town)">Kongsberg</a> (23,529)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Molde_(town)" title="Molde (town)">Molde</a> (21,854)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Ski,_Norway" title="Ski, Norway">Ski</a> (21,434)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Harstad_(town)" title="Harstad (town)">Harstad</a> (21,289)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Lillehammer_(town)" title="Lillehammer (town)">Lillehammer</a> (21,263)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Horten_(town)" title="Horten (town)">Horten</a> (20,859)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Korsvik" title="Korsvik">Korsvik</a> (19,405)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Mo_i_Rana" title="Mo i Rana">Mo i Rana</a> (18,755)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Tromsdalen" title="Tromsdalen">Tromsdalen</a> (18,202)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Kristiansund_(town)" title="Kristiansund (town)">Kristiansund</a> (18,103)</li><li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B8nefoss" title="Hønefoss">Hønefoss</a> (16,844)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Alta_(town)" title="Alta (town)">Alta</a> (15,931)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Elverum_(town)" title="Elverum (town)">Elverum</a> (15,632)</li><li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A5holt" title="Råholt">Råholt</a> (15,319)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Askim" title="Askim">Askim</a> (15,089)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Os%C3%B8yro" title="Osøyro">Osøyro</a> (14,621)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Leirvik" title="Leirvik">Leirvik</a> (14,507)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Grimstad_(town)" title="Grimstad (town)">Grimstad</a> (14,390)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Narvik_(town)" title="Narvik (town)">Narvik</a> (14,051)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Vennesla_(village)" title="Vennesla (village)">Vennesla</a> (13,803)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Dr%C3%B8bak" title="Drøbak">Drøbak</a> (13,628)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Stj%C3%B8rdalshalsen" title="Stjørdalshalsen">Stjørdalshalsen</a> (13,596)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Nesoddtangen" title="Nesoddtangen">Nesoddtangen</a> (13,363)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Bryne" title="Bryne">Bryne</a> (13,151)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Steinkjer_(town)" title="Steinkjer (town)">Steinkjer</a> (12,929)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Kongsvinger_(town)" title="Kongsvinger (town)">Kongsvinger</a> (12,338)</li></ol></div></div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Norway.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Coat_of_arms_of_Norway.svg/80px-Coat_of_arms_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Coat_of_arms_of_Norway.svg/120px-Coat_of_arms_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Coat_of_arms_of_Norway.svg/160px-Coat_of_arms_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="909" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="25_most_populous_municipalities_of_Norway" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:25_largest_municipalities_of_Norway" title="Template:25 largest municipalities of Norway"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:25_largest_municipalities_of_Norway" title="Template talk:25 largest municipalities of Norway"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:25_largest_municipalities_of_Norway" title="Special:EditPage/Template:25 largest municipalities of Norway"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="25_most_populous_municipalities_of_Norway" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_of_Norway" title="List of municipalities of Norway">25 most populous municipalities of Norway</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>As of 1 January 2024, according to <a href="/wiki/Statistics_Norway" title="Statistics Norway">Statistics Norway</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.ssb.no/en/statbank/table/06913/">[3]</a></div></td></tr><tr><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 2px 0 0"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Norway.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Coat_of_arms_of_Norway.svg/45px-Coat_of_arms_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Coat_of_arms_of_Norway.svg/68px-Coat_of_arms_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Coat_of_arms_of_Norway.svg/90px-Coat_of_arms_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="909" /></a></span></div></td><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:5em;">   </td><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;width:20%;"><div> <div><ol start="1"><li><a href="/wiki/Oslo_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Oslo Municipality">Oslo</a> (717,710)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Bergen_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Bergen Municipality">Bergen</a> (291,940)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Trondheim_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Trondheim Municipality">Trondheim</a> (214,565)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Stavanger_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Stavanger Municipality">Stavanger</a> (149,048)</li><li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A6rum_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Bærum Municipality">Bærum</a> (130,921)</li></ol></div> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:20%;"><div> <div><ol start="6"><li><a href="/wiki/Kristiansand_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Kristiansand Municipality">Kristiansand</a> (116,986)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Drammen_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Drammen Municipality">Drammen</a> (104,487)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Asker_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Asker Municipality">Asker</a> (98,815)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Lillestr%C3%B8m_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Lillestrøm Municipality">Lillestrøm</a> (94,201)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Fredrikstad_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Fredrikstad Municipality">Fredrikstad</a> (85,230)</li></ol></div> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:20%;"><div> <div><ol start="11"><li><a href="/wiki/Sandnes_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Sandnes Municipality">Sandnes</a> (83,702)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Troms%C3%B8_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Tromsø Municipality">Tromsø</a> (78,745)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Sandefjord_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Sandefjord Municipality">Sandefjord</a> (66,231)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Nordre_Follo_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Nordre Follo Municipality">Nordre Follo</a> (63,560)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Sarpsborg_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Sarpsborg Municipality">Sarpsborg</a> (59,771)</li></ol></div> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:20%;"><div> <div><ol start="16"><li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%B8nsberg_Municipality" title="Tønsberg Municipality">Tønsberg</a> (59,174)</li><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%85lesund_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Ålesund Municipality">Ålesund</a> (58,509)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Skien_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Skien Municipality">Skien</a> (56,619)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Bod%C3%B8_Municipality" title="Bodø Municipality">Bodø</a> (53,712)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Moss_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Moss Municipality">Moss</a> (52,051)</li></ol></div> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:20%;"><div> <div><ol start="21"><li><a href="/wiki/Larvik_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Larvik Municipality">Larvik</a> (48,715)</li><li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%B8renskog_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Lørenskog Municipality">Lørenskog</a> (48,188)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Indre_%C3%98stfold_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Indre Østfold Municipality">Indre Østfold</a> (47,006)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Arendal_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Arendal Municipality">Arendal</a> (46,355)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Ullensaker_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Ullensaker Municipality">Ullensaker</a> (43,814)</li></ol></div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="50_most_populous_urban_areas_in_the_Nordic_countries" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:50_most_populous_Nordic_urban_settlements" title="Template:50 most populous Nordic urban settlements"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:50_most_populous_Nordic_urban_settlements" title="Template talk:50 most populous Nordic urban settlements"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:50_most_populous_Nordic_urban_settlements" title="Special:EditPage/Template:50 most populous Nordic urban settlements"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="50_most_populous_urban_areas_in_the_Nordic_countries" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_urban_areas_in_the_Nordic_countries" title="List of urban areas in the Nordic countries">50 most populous urban areas in the</a> <a href="/wiki/Nordic_countries" title="Nordic countries">Nordic countries</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="padding:0.1em; font-weight: bold;"><div> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/16px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/24px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/32px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/16px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/24px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/32px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/16px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/24px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/32px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="900" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/16px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/24px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/16px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/24px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/32px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;padding:0.5em 0.5em;width:10em;"><div> <table style="white-space:nowrap; line-height:1.2em; text-align:right"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1.</td><td style="text-align:left"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden"><img alt="Sweden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/16px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/24px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/32px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <i><b><a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a></b></i></td><td> 1,605,030</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 2.</td><td style="text-align:left"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark"><img alt="Denmark" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/16px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/24px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/32px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></a></span></span> <i><b><a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a></b></i></td><td> 1,330,993</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 3.</td><td style="text-align:left"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland"><img alt="Finland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/16px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/24px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/32px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></a></span></span> <i><b><a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a></b></i></td><td> 1,268,296</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 4.</td><td style="text-align:left"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway"><img alt="Norway" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/16px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/24px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></a></span></span> <i><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Oslo</a></b></i></td><td> 1,019,513</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 5.</td><td style="text-align:left"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden"><img alt="Sweden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/16px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/24px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/32px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Gothenburg" title="Gothenburg">Gothenburg</a></td><td> 599,011</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 6.</td><td style="text-align:left"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden"><img alt="Sweden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/16px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/24px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/32px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Malm%C3%B6" title="Malmö">Malmö</a></td><td> 339,313</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 7.</td><td style="text-align:left"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland"><img alt="Finland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/16px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/24px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/32px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Tampere" title="Tampere">Tampere</a></td><td> 334,112</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 8.</td><td style="text-align:left"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark"><img alt="Denmark" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/16px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/24px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/32px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Aarhus" title="Aarhus">Aarhus</a></td><td> 280,534</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 9.</td><td style="text-align:left"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway"><img alt="Norway" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/16px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/24px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bergen" title="Bergen">Bergen</a></td><td> 259,958</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 10.</td><td style="text-align:left"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland"><img alt="Finland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/16px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/24px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/32px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Turku" title="Turku">Turku</a></td><td> 252,468</td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;padding:0.5em 0.5em;width:10em;"><div> <table style="white-space:nowrap; line-height:1.2em; text-align:right"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 11.</td><td style="text-align:left"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway"><img alt="Norway" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/16px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/24px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Stavanger_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Stavanger (city)">Stavanger</a>/<a href="/wiki/Sandnes" title="Sandnes">Sandnes</a></td><td> 237,369</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 12.</td><td style="text-align:left"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland"><img alt="Iceland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/16px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/24px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/32px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></span> <i><b><a href="/wiki/Reykjav%C3%ADk" title="Reykjavík">Reykjavík</a></b></i></td><td> 228,231</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 13.</td><td style="text-align:left"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland"><img alt="Finland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/16px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/24px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/32px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Oulu" title="Oulu">Oulu</a></td><td> 208,939</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 14.</td><td style="text-align:left"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway"><img alt="Norway" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/16px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/24px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Trondheim" title="Trondheim">Trondheim</a></td><td> 186,364</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 15.</td><td style="text-align:left"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark"><img alt="Denmark" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/16px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/24px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/32px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Odense" title="Odense">Odense</a></td><td> 180,302</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 16.</td><td style="text-align:left"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden"><img alt="Sweden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/16px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/24px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/32px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Uppsala" title="Uppsala">Uppsala</a></td><td> 177,074</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 17.</td><td style="text-align:left"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden"><img alt="Sweden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/16px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/24px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/32px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upplands_V%C3%A4sby_och_Sollentuna" class="extiw" title="sv:Upplands Väsby och Sollentuna">Upplands Väsby och Sollentuna</a></td><td> 149,461</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 18.</td><td style="text-align:left"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark"><img alt="Denmark" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/16px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/24px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/32px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Aalborg" title="Aalborg">Aalborg</a></td><td> 140,897</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 19.</td><td style="text-align:left"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden"><img alt="Sweden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/16px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/24px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/32px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4ster%C3%A5s" title="Västerås">Västerås</a></td><td> 128,534</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 20.</td><td style="text-align:left"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden"><img alt="Sweden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/16px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/24px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/32px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96rebro" title="Örebro">Örebro</a></td><td> 126,009</td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;padding:0.5em 0.5em;width:10em;"><div> <table style="white-space:nowrap; line-height:1.2em; text-align:right"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 21.</td><td style="text-align:left"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland"><img alt="Finland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/16px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/24px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/32px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Lahti" title="Lahti">Lahti</a></td><td> 119,068</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 22.</td><td style="text-align:left"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland"><img alt="Finland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/16px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/24px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/32px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Jyv%C3%A4skyl%C3%A4" title="Jyväskylä">Jyväskylä</a></td><td> 117,974</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 23.</td><td style="text-align:left"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway"><img alt="Norway" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/16px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/24px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Fredrikstad" title="Fredrikstad">Fredrikstad</a>/<a href="/wiki/Sarpsborg" title="Sarpsborg">Sarpsborg</a></td><td> 116,373</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 24.</td><td style="text-align:left"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden"><img alt="Sweden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/16px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/24px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/32px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Link%C3%B6ping" title="Linköping">Linköping</a></td><td> 115,672</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 25.</td><td style="text-align:left"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden"><img alt="Sweden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/16px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/24px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/32px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Helsingborg" title="Helsingborg">Helsingborg</a></td><td> 113,816</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 26.</td><td style="text-align:left"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway"><img alt="Norway" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/16px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/24px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kristiansand_(town)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kristiansand (town)">Kristiansand</a></td><td> 111,633</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 27.</td><td style="text-align:left"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway"><img alt="Norway" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/16px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/24px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Drammen_(town)" class="mw-redirect" title="Drammen (town)">Drammen</a></td><td> 109,416</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 28.</td><td style="text-align:left"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden"><img alt="Sweden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/16px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/24px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/32px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B6nk%C3%B6ping" title="Jönköping">Jönköping</a></td><td> 100,259</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 29.</td><td style="text-align:left"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden"><img alt="Sweden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/16px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/24px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/32px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Norrk%C3%B6ping" title="Norrköping">Norrköping</a></td><td> 97,854</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 30.</td><td style="text-align:left"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden"><img alt="Sweden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/16px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/24px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/32px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Lund" title="Lund">Lund</a></td><td> 94,393</td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;padding:0.5em 0.5em;width:10em;"><div> <table style="white-space:nowrap; line-height:1.2em; text-align:right"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 31.</td><td style="text-align:left"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway"><img alt="Norway" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/16px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/24px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Porsgrunn" title="Porsgrunn">Porsgrunn</a>/<a href="/wiki/Skien" title="Skien">Skien</a></td><td> 93,778</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 32.</td><td style="text-align:left"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden"><img alt="Sweden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/16px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/24px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/32px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ume%C3%A5" title="Umeå">Umeå</a></td><td> 90,412</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 33.</td><td style="text-align:left"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland"><img alt="Finland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/16px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/24px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/32px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kuopio" title="Kuopio">Kuopio</a></td><td> 88,520</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 34.</td><td style="text-align:left"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland"><img alt="Finland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/16px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/24px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/32px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Pori" title="Pori">Pori</a></td><td> 84,026</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 35.</td><td style="text-align:left"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden"><img alt="Sweden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/16px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/24px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/32px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A4vle" title="Gävle">Gävle</a></td><td> 77,586</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 36.</td><td style="text-align:left"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden"><img alt="Sweden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/16px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/24px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/32px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/S%C3%B6dert%C3%A4lje" title="Södertälje">Södertälje</a></td><td> 75,773</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 37.</td><td style="text-align:left"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden"><img alt="Sweden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/16px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/24px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/32px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bor%C3%A5s" title="Borås">Borås</a></td><td> 73,980</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 38.</td><td style="text-align:left"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark"><img alt="Denmark" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/16px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/24px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/32px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Esbjerg" title="Esbjerg">Esbjerg</a></td><td> 72,398</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 39.</td><td style="text-align:left"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden"><img alt="Sweden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/16px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/24px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/32px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Halmstad" title="Halmstad">Halmstad</a></td><td> 71,316</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 40.</td><td style="text-align:left"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden"><img alt="Sweden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/16px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/24px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/32px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4xj%C3%B6" title="Växjö">Växjö</a></td><td> 71,009</td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;padding:0.5em 0.5em;width:10em;"><div> <table style="white-space:nowrap; line-height:1.2em; text-align:right"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 41.</td><td style="text-align:left"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden"><img alt="Sweden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/16px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/24px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/32px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Eskilstuna" title="Eskilstuna">Eskilstuna</a></td><td> 70,342</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 42.</td><td style="text-align:left"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland"><img alt="Finland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/16px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/24px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/32px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Joensuu" title="Joensuu">Joensuu</a></td><td> 67,811</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 43.</td><td style="text-align:left"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden"><img alt="Sweden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/16px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/24px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/32px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Karlstad" title="Karlstad">Karlstad</a></td><td> 65,856</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 44.</td><td style="text-align:left"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland"><img alt="Finland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/16px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/24px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/32px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Vaasa" title="Vaasa">Vaasa</a></td><td> 65,414</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 45.</td><td style="text-align:left"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark"><img alt="Denmark" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/16px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/24px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/32px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Randers" title="Randers">Randers</a></td><td> 62,482</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 46.</td><td style="text-align:left"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark"><img alt="Denmark" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/16px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/24px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/32px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kolding" title="Kolding">Kolding</a></td><td> 61,121</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 47.</td><td style="text-align:left"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark"><img alt="Denmark" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/16px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/24px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/32px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Horsens" title="Horsens">Horsens</a></td><td> 59,449</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 48.</td><td style="text-align:left"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden"><img alt="Sweden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/16px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/24px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/32px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Sundsvall" title="Sundsvall">Sundsvall</a></td><td> 58,807</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 49.</td><td style="text-align:left"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark"><img alt="Denmark" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/16px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/24px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/32px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Vejle" title="Vejle">Vejle</a></td><td> 57,655</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 50.</td><td style="text-align:left"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland"><img alt="Finland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/16px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/24px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/32px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Lappeenranta" title="Lappeenranta">Lappeenranta</a></td><td> 55,743</td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Capitals_of_European_states_and_territories" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:List_of_European_capitals_by_region" title="Template:List of European capitals by region"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:List_of_European_capitals_by_region" title="Template talk:List of European capitals by region"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:List_of_European_capitals_by_region" title="Special:EditPage/Template:List of European capitals by region"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Capitals_of_European_states_and_territories" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Capitals of European states and territories</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Capitals of <a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">dependent territories</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">states whose sovereignty is disputed</a> shown in <i>italics</i>.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a></b>, Netherlands<sup>1</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Andorra_la_Vella" title="Andorra la Vella">Andorra la Vella</a></b>, Andorra</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a></b>, Turkey<sup>2</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Astana" title="Astana">Astana</a></b>, Kazakhstan<sup>2</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a></b>, Greece</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Baku" title="Baku">Baku</a></b>, Azerbaijan<sup>2</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a></b>, Serbia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a></b>, Germany</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bern" title="Bern">Bern</a></b>, Switzerland</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bratislava" title="Bratislava">Bratislava</a></b>, Slovakia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a></b>, Belgium<sup>3</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest">Bucharest</a></b>, Romania</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Budapest" title="Budapest">Budapest</a></b>, Hungary</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Chi%C8%99in%C4%83u" title="Chișinău">Chișinău</a></b>, Moldova</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a></b>, Denmark</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a></b>, Ireland</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a></b>, Finland</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv">Kyiv</a></b>, Ukraine</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Lisbon</a></b>, Portugal</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ljubljana" title="Ljubljana">Ljubljana</a></b>, Slovenia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a></b>, United Kingdom</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_City" title="Luxembourg City">Luxembourg</a></b>, Luxembourg</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a></b>, Spain</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Minsk" title="Minsk">Minsk</a></b>, Belarus</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a></b><sup>5</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a></b>, Russia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Nicosia" title="Nicosia">Nicosia</a></b>, Cyprus<sup>2</sup></li> <li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Oslo</a></b>, Norway</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a></b>, France</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Podgorica" title="Podgorica">Podgorica</a></b>, Montenegro</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a></b>, Czech Republic</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Reykjav%C3%ADk" title="Reykjavík">Reykjavík</a></b>, Iceland</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Riga" title="Riga">Riga</a></b>, Latvia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a></b>, Italy</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/City_of_San_Marino" title="City of San Marino">San Marino</a></b>, San Marino</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sarajevo" title="Sarajevo">Sarajevo</a></b>, Bosnia and Herzegovina</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Skopje" title="Skopje">Skopje</a></b>, North Macedonia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sofia" title="Sofia">Sofia</a></b>, Bulgaria</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a></b>, Sweden</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a></b>, Estonia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tbilisi" title="Tbilisi">Tbilisi</a></b>, Georgia<sup>2</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tirana" title="Tirana">Tirana</a></b>, Albania</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Vaduz" title="Vaduz">Vaduz</a></b>, Liechtenstein</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Valletta" title="Valletta">Valletta</a></b>, Malta</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican City</a></b><sup>4</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a></b>, Austria</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius">Vilnius</a></b>, Lithuania</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a></b>, Poland</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Yerevan" title="Yerevan">Yerevan</a></b>, Armenia<sup>2</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Zagreb" title="Zagreb">Zagreb</a></b>, Croatia</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States with<br />limited recognition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/North_Nicosia" title="North Nicosia">North Nicosia</a></b>, Northern Cyprus</i><sup>2</sup></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Pristina" title="Pristina">Pristina</a></b>, Kosovo</i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Sukhumi" title="Sukhumi">Sukhumi</a></b>, Abkhazia</i><sup>2</sup></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Tiraspol" title="Tiraspol">Tiraspol</a></b>, Transnistria</i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Tskhinvali" title="Tskhinvali">Tskhinvali</a></b>, South Ossetia</i><sup>3</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Countries_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Countries of the United Kingdom">Constituent countries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a></b></i>, England</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a></b></i>, Scotland</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff">Cardiff</a></b></i>, Wales</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Belfast" title="Belfast">Belfast</a></b></i>, Northern Ireland</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Crown_Dependencies" title="Crown Dependencies">Crown Dependencies</a> and<br /><a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">Overseas Territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Douglas,_Isle_of_Man" title="Douglas, Isle of Man">Douglas</a></b></i>, Isle of Man</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Episkopi_Cantonment" title="Episkopi Cantonment">Episkopi Cantonment</a></b></i>, Akrotiri and Dhekelia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></b></i>, Gibraltar</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/St_Helier" title="St Helier">St Helier</a></b></i>, Jersey</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter_Port" title="Saint Peter Port">Saint Peter Port</a></b></i>, Guernsey</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Longyearbyen" title="Longyearbyen">Longyearbyen</a></b>, Svalbard (Norway)</i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/T%C3%B3rshavn" title="Tórshavn">Tórshavn</a></b>, Faroe Islands (Denmark)</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Federal states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="Provinces of Austria">Austria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Bregenz" title="Bregenz">Bregenz</a></b></i>, Vorarlberg</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Eisenstadt" title="Eisenstadt">Eisenstadt</a></b></i>, Burgenland</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Graz" title="Graz">Graz</a></b></i>, Styria</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Innsbruck" title="Innsbruck">Innsbruck</a></b></i>, Tyrol</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Klagenfurt" class="mw-redirect" title="Klagenfurt">Klagenfurt</a></b></i>, Carinthia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Linz" title="Linz">Linz</a></b></i>, Upper Austria</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Salzburg" title="Salzburg">Salzburg</a></b></i>, Salzburg</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Sankt_P%C3%B6lten" title="Sankt Pölten">Sankt Pölten</a></b></i>, Lower Austria</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a></b></i>, Vienna</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Communities,_regions_and_language_areas_of_Belgium#Communities" class="mw-redirect" title="Communities, regions and language areas of Belgium">Communities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/City_of_Brussels" title="City of Brussels">Brussels</a></b></i>, Flemish Community and French Community</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Eupen" title="Eupen">Eupen</a></b></i>, German-speaking Community</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Communities,_regions_and_language_areas_of_Belgium#Regions" class="mw-redirect" title="Communities, regions and language areas of Belgium">Regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/City_of_Brussels" title="City of Brussels">Brussels</a></b></i>, Brussels-Capital Region and Flanders</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Namur" title="Namur">Namur</a></b></i>, Wallonia</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Political_divisions_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Political divisions of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Banja_Luka" title="Banja Luka">Banja Luka</a></b></i> (de facto), Republika Srpska</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Br%C4%8Dko" title="Brčko">Brčko</a></b></i>, Brčko District</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Sarajevo" title="Sarajevo">Sarajevo</a></b></i>, Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/States_of_Germany" title="States of Germany">Germany</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a></b></i>, Berlin</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Bremen" title="Bremen">Bremen</a></b></i>, Bremen</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Dresden" title="Dresden">Dresden</a></b></i>, Saxony</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf">Düsseldorf</a></b></i>, North Rhine-Westphalia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Erfurt" title="Erfurt">Erfurt</a></b></i>, Thuringia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a></b></i>, Hamburg</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Hanover" title="Hanover">Hanover</a></b></i>, Lower Saxony</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kiel" title="Kiel">Kiel</a></b></i>, Schleswig-Holstein</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Magdeburg" title="Magdeburg">Magdeburg</a></b></i>, Saxony-Anhalt</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Mainz" title="Mainz">Mainz</a></b></i>, Rhineland-Palatinate</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a></b></i>, Bavaria</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam">Potsdam</a></b></i>, Brandenburg</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Saarbr%C3%BCcken" title="Saarbrücken">Saarbrücken</a></b></i>, Saarland</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Schwerin" title="Schwerin">Schwerin</a></b></i>, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Stuttgart" title="Stuttgart">Stuttgart</a></b></i>, Baden-Württemberg</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Wiesbaden" title="Wiesbaden">Wiesbaden</a></b></i>, Hesse</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Federal_subjects_of_Russia" title="Federal subjects of Russia">Russia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Republics_of_Russia" title="Republics of Russia">Republics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Cheboksary" title="Cheboksary">Cheboksary</a></b></i>, Chuvashia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Cherkessk" title="Cherkessk">Cherkessk</a></b></i>, Karachay-Cherkessia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Elista" title="Elista">Elista</a></b></i>, Kalmykia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Grozny" title="Grozny">Grozny</a></b></i>, Chechnya</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Izhevsk" title="Izhevsk">Izhevsk</a></b></i>, Udmurtia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kazan" title="Kazan">Kazan</a></b></i>, Tatarstan</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Magas" title="Magas">Magas</a></b></i>, Ingushetia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Makhachkala" title="Makhachkala">Makhachkala</a></b></i>, Dagestan</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Maykop" title="Maykop">Maykop</a></b></i>, Adygea</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Nalchik" title="Nalchik">Nalchik</a></b></i>, Kabardino-Balkaria</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Petrozavodsk" title="Petrozavodsk">Petrozavodsk</a></b></i>, Karelia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Saransk" title="Saransk">Saransk</a></b></i>, Mordovia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Simferopol" title="Simferopol">Simferopol</a></b></i>, Crimea (<a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Crimea" title="Political status of Crimea">disputed</a>)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Syktyvkar" title="Syktyvkar">Syktyvkar</a></b></i>, Komi</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Ufa" title="Ufa">Ufa</a></b></i>, Bashkortostan</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Vladikavkaz" title="Vladikavkaz">Vladikavkaz</a></b></i>, North Ossetia–Alania</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Yoshkar-Ola" title="Yoshkar-Ola">Yoshkar-Ola</a></b></i>, Mari El</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_okrugs_of_Russia" title="Autonomous okrugs of Russia">Autonomous okrugs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Naryan-Mar" title="Naryan-Mar">Naryan-Mar</a></b></i>, Nenets</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Krais_of_Russia" title="Krais of Russia">Krais</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Krasnodar" title="Krasnodar">Krasnodar</a></b></i>, Krasnodar Krai</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Perm,_Russia" title="Perm, Russia">Perm</a></b></i>, Perm Krai</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Stavropol" title="Stavropol">Stavropol</a></b></i>, Stavropol Krai</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Oblasts_of_Russia" title="Oblasts of Russia">Oblasts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Arkhangelsk" title="Arkhangelsk">Arkhangelsk</a></b></i>, Arkhangelsk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Astrakhan" title="Astrakhan">Astrakhan</a></b></i>, Astrakhan Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Belgorod" title="Belgorod">Belgorod</a></b></i>, Belgorod Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Bryansk" title="Bryansk">Bryansk</a></b></i>, Bryansk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Ivanovo" title="Ivanovo">Ivanovo</a></b></i>, Ivanovo Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kaliningrad" title="Kaliningrad">Kaliningrad</a></b></i>, Kaliningrad Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kaluga" title="Kaluga">Kaluga</a></b></i>, Kaluga Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kirov,_Kirov_Oblast" title="Kirov, Kirov Oblast">Kirov</a></b></i>, Kirov Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma">Kostroma</a></b></i>, Kostroma Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Krasnogorsk,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Krasnogorsk, Moscow Oblast">Krasnogorsk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a></b></i>, Moscow Oblast (de facto)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kursk" title="Kursk">Kursk</a></b></i>, Kursk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Lipetsk" title="Lipetsk">Lipetsk</a></b></i>, Lipetsk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Murmansk" title="Murmansk">Murmansk</a></b></i>, Murmansk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Nizhny_Novgorod" title="Nizhny Novgorod">Nizhny Novgorod</a></b></i>, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Orenburg" title="Orenburg">Orenburg</a></b></i>, Orenburg Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Oryol" title="Oryol">Oryol</a></b></i>, Oryol Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Penza" title="Penza">Penza</a></b></i>, Penza Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Pskov" title="Pskov">Pskov</a></b></i>, Pskov Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Rostov-on-Don" title="Rostov-on-Don">Rostov-on-Don</a></b></i>, Rostov Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Ryazan" title="Ryazan">Ryazan</a></b></i>, Ryazan Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Gatchina" title="Gatchina">Gatchina</a></b></i>, Leningrad Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Samara" title="Samara">Samara</a></b></i>, Samara Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Saratov" title="Saratov">Saratov</a></b></i>, Saratov Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Smolensk" title="Smolensk">Smolensk</a></b></i>, Smolensk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Tambov" title="Tambov">Tambov</a></b></i>, Tambov Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Tula,_Russia" title="Tula, Russia">Tula</a></b></i>, Tula Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Tver" title="Tver">Tver</a></b></i>, Tver Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Ulyanovsk" title="Ulyanovsk">Ulyanovsk</a></b></i>, Ulyanovsk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Veliky_Novgorod" title="Veliky Novgorod">Veliky Novgorod</a></b></i>, Novgorod Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Vladimir,_Russia" title="Vladimir, Russia">Vladimir</a></b></i>, Vladimir Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Volgograd" title="Volgograd">Volgograd</a></b></i>, Volgograd Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Vologda" title="Vologda">Vologda</a></b></i>, Vologda Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Voronezh" title="Voronezh">Voronezh</a></b></i>, Voronezh Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Yaroslavl" title="Yaroslavl">Yaroslavl</a></b></i>, Yaroslavl Oblast</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Federal_cities_of_Russia" title="Federal cities of Russia">Federal cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a></b></i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a></b></i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Sevastopol" title="Sevastopol">Sevastopol</a></b></i> (<a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Crimea" title="Political status of Crimea">disputed</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cantons_of_Switzerland" title="Cantons of Switzerland">Switzerland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Aarau" title="Aarau">Aarau</a></b></i>, Aargau</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Altdorf,_Uri" title="Altdorf, Uri">Altdorf</a></b></i>, Uri</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Appenzell_(village)" title="Appenzell (village)">Appenzell</a></b></i>, Appenzell Innerrhoden</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Basel" title="Basel">Basel</a></b></i>, Basel-Stadt</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Bellinzona" title="Bellinzona">Bellinzona</a></b></i>, Ticino</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Chur" title="Chur">Chur</a></b></i>, Grisons</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Del%C3%A9mont" title="Delémont">Delémont</a></b></i>, Jura</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Frauenfeld" title="Frauenfeld">Frauenfeld</a></b></i>, Thurgau</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Fribourg" title="Fribourg">Fribourg</a></b></i>, Canton of Fribourg</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a></b></i>, Canton of Geneva</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Herisau" title="Herisau">Herisau</a></b></i>, Appenzell Ausserrhoden</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Lausanne" title="Lausanne">Lausanne</a></b></i>, Vaud</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Liestal" title="Liestal">Liestal</a></b></i>, Basel-Landschaft</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Lucerne" title="Lucerne">Lucerne</a></b></i>, Canton of Lucerne</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Neuch%C3%A2tel" title="Neuchâtel">Neuchâtel</a></b></i>, Canton of Neuchâtel</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Sarnen" title="Sarnen">Sarnen</a></b></i>, Obwalden</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Schaffhausen" title="Schaffhausen">Schaffhausen</a></b></i>, Canton of Schaffhausen</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Schwyz" title="Schwyz">Schwyz</a></b></i>, Canton of Schwyz</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Sion,_Switzerland" title="Sion, Switzerland">Sion</a></b></i>, Valais</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Solothurn" title="Solothurn">Solothurn</a></b></i>, Canton of Solothurn</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Stans" title="Stans">Stans</a></b></i>, Nidwalden</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/St._Gallen" title="St. Gallen">St. Gallen</a></b></i>, Canton of St. Gallen</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Glarus" title="Glarus">Glarus</a></b></i>, Canton of Glarus</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Zug" title="Zug">Zug</a></b></i>, Canton of Zug</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Zurich" title="Zurich">Zurich</a></b></i>, Canton of Zürich</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Autonomous<br />entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Autonomous_regions" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Italy#Autonomous_regions_with_special_statute" title="Regions of Italy">Autonomous regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Cagliari" title="Cagliari">Cagliari</a></b></i>, Sardinia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo">Palermo</a></b></i>, Sicily</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Trento" title="Trento">Trento</a></b></i>, Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Aosta" title="Aosta">Aosta</a></b></i>, Aosta Valley</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Trieste" title="Trieste">Trieste</a></b></i>, Friuli Venezia Giulia</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Autonomous_regions" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_regions_of_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous regions of Portugal">Autonomous regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Ponta_Delgada" title="Ponta Delgada">Ponta Delgada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Angra_do_Hero%C3%ADsmo" title="Angra do Heroísmo">Angra do Heroísmo</a>, & <a href="/wiki/Horta,_Azores" title="Horta, Azores">Horta</a></b></i>, Azores</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Funchal" title="Funchal">Funchal</a></b></i>, Madeira</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a></b></i>, Catalonia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Las_Palmas" title="Las Palmas">Las Palmas</a></b></i> & <i><b><a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz_de_Tenerife" title="Santa Cruz de Tenerife">Santa Cruz de Tenerife</a></b></i>, Canary Islands</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Logro%C3%B1o" title="Logroño">Logroño</a></b></i>, La Rioja</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a></b></i>, Community of Madrid</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9rida,_Spain" title="Mérida, Spain">Mérida</a></b></i>, Extremadura</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Murcia" title="Murcia">Murcia</a></b></i>, Region of Murcia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Oviedo" title="Oviedo">Oviedo</a></b></i>, Asturias</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Palma_de_Mallorca" title="Palma de Mallorca">Palma de Mallorca</a></b></i>, Balearic Islands</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Pamplona" title="Pamplona">Pamplona</a></b></i>, Navarre</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Santander,_Spain" title="Santander, Spain">Santander</a></b></i>, Cantabria</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Compostela" title="Santiago de Compostela">Santiago de Compostela</a></b></i>, Galicia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Seville" title="Seville">Seville</a></b></i>, Andalusia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Toledo,_Spain" title="Toledo, Spain">Toledo</a></b></i>, Castilla–La Mancha (de facto)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Valencia" title="Valencia">Valencia</a></b></i>, Valencian Community</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Valladolid" title="Valladolid">Valladolid</a></b></i>, Castile and León (de facto)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Vitoria-Gasteiz" title="Vitoria-Gasteiz">Vitoria-Gasteiz</a></b></i>, Basque Country (de facto)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Zaragoza" title="Zaragoza">Zaragoza</a></b></i>, Aragon</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Ajaccio" title="Ajaccio">Ajaccio</a></b></i>, Corsica Collectivité (France)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Batumi" title="Batumi">Batumi</a></b></i>, Adjara (Georgia)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Comrat" title="Comrat">Comrat</a></b></i>, Gagauzia (Moldova)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Karyes,_Mount_Athos" title="Karyes, Mount Athos">Karyes</a></b></i>, Mount Athos (Greece)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Mariehamn" title="Mariehamn">Mariehamn</a></b></i>, Åland Islands (Finland)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Nakhchivan_(city)" title="Nakhchivan (city)">Nakhchivan</a></b></i>, Nakhchivan (Azerbaijan)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Novi_Sad" title="Novi Sad">Novi Sad</a></b></i>, Vojvodina (Serbia)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Simferopol" title="Simferopol">Simferopol</a></b></i>, Crimea (Ukraine)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup>1</sup></span> Also the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands" title="Kingdom of the Netherlands">Kingdom of the Netherlands</a></li> <li><span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup>2</sup></span> Continental placement may vary <a href="/wiki/Boundaries_between_the_continents_of_Earth#Asia_and_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Boundaries between the continents of Earth">depending on geographic convention</a> being followed</li> <li><span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup>3</sup></span> Also the seat of the European Union, see <a href="/wiki/Institutional_seats_of_the_European_Union" title="Institutional seats of the European Union">Institutional seats of the European Union</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brussels_and_the_European_Union" title="Brussels and the European Union">Brussels and the European Union</a></li> <li><span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup>4</sup></span> A city-state</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;no_&#124;alt=European_Free_Trade_Association&#124;link=European_Free_Trade_Association_Capital_cities_of_the_members_of_the_European_Free_Trade_Association_(EFTA)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Capital_cities_of_EFTA_member_states" title="Template:Capital cities of EFTA member states"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Capital_cities_of_EFTA_member_states&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Capital cities of EFTA member states (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Capital_cities_of_EFTA_member_states" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Capital cities of EFTA member states"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;no_&#124;alt=European_Free_Trade_Association&#124;link=European_Free_Trade_Association_Capital_cities_of_the_members_of_the_European_Free_Trade_Association_(EFTA)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/European_Free_Trade_Association" title="no"><img alt="European Free Trade Association" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/EFTA_logo2.svg/23px-EFTA_logo2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/EFTA_logo2.svg/35px-EFTA_logo2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/EFTA_logo2.svg/46px-EFTA_logo2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="610" data-file-height="380" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">Capital cities</a> of the members of the <a href="/wiki/European_Free_Trade_Association" title="European Free Trade Association">European Free Trade Association</a> (EFTA)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;line-height:11pt; text-align:center;width:13.5em;"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a>:<br /><b><a href="/wiki/Reykjav%C3%ADk" title="Reykjavík">Reykjavík</a></b><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Reykjav%C3%ADk" title="Reykjavík"><img alt="Reykjavík" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Reykjavik_Coat_of_Arms.svg/45px-Reykjavik_Coat_of_Arms.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Reykjavik_Coat_of_Arms.svg/68px-Reykjavik_Coat_of_Arms.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Reykjavik_Coat_of_Arms.svg/90px-Reykjavik_Coat_of_Arms.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="116" data-file-height="180" /></a></span> </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;line-height:11pt; text-align:center;width:13.5em;"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a>:<br /><b><a href="/wiki/Vaduz" title="Vaduz">Vaduz</a></b><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Vaduz" title="Vaduz"><img alt="Vaduz" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Vaduz.png/45px-Vaduz.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Vaduz.png/68px-Vaduz.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Vaduz.png/90px-Vaduz.png 2x" data-file-width="217" data-file-height="252" /></a></span> </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;line-height:11pt; text-align:center;width:13.5em;"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a>:<br /><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Oslo</a></b><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo"><img alt="Oslo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Insigne_Anslogae.svg/45px-Insigne_Anslogae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Insigne_Anslogae.svg/68px-Insigne_Anslogae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Insigne_Anslogae.svg/90px-Insigne_Anslogae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="363" /></a></span> </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;line-height:11pt; text-align:center;width:13.5em;"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a>:<br /><b><a href="/wiki/Bern" title="Bern">Bern</a></b><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bern" title="Bern"><img alt="Bern" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Wappen_Bern_matt.svg/45px-Wappen_Bern_matt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="55" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Wappen_Bern_matt.svg/68px-Wappen_Bern_matt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Wappen_Bern_matt.svg/90px-Wappen_Bern_matt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="407" data-file-height="493" /></a></span> </p> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Winter_Olympic_Games_host_cities" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Olympic_Winter_Games_Host_Cities" title="Template:Olympic Winter Games Host Cities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Olympic_Winter_Games_Host_Cities" title="Template talk:Olympic Winter Games Host Cities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Olympic_Winter_Games_Host_Cities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Olympic Winter Games Host Cities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Winter_Olympic_Games_host_cities" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Winter_Olympic_Games" title="Winter Olympic Games">Winter Olympic Games</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Olympic_Games_host_cities" title="List of Olympic Games host cities">host cities</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd plainlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/1924_Winter_Olympics" title="1924 Winter Olympics">1924</a>:</b> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Chamonix" title="Chamonix">Chamonix</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1928_Winter_Olympics" title="1928 Winter Olympics">1928</a>:</b> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland"><img alt="Switzerland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/16px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/32px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/St._Moritz" title="St. Moritz">St. Moritz</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1932_Winter_Olympics" title="1932 Winter Olympics">1932</a>:</b> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Lake_Placid,_New_York" title="Lake Placid, New York">Lake Placid</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1936_Winter_Olympics" title="1936 Winter Olympics">1936</a>:</b> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Garmisch-Partenkirchen" title="Garmisch-Partenkirchen">Garmisch-Partenkirchen</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1940_Winter_Olympics" title="1940 Winter Olympics">1940</a>:</b> <i>None</i><sup>[c1]</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1944_Winter_Olympics" title="1944 Winter Olympics">1944</a>:</b> <i>None</i><sup>[c1]</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1948_Winter_Olympics" title="1948 Winter Olympics">1948</a>:</b> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland"><img alt="Switzerland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/16px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/32px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/St._Moritz" title="St. Moritz">St. Moritz</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1952_Winter_Olympics" title="1952 Winter Olympics">1952</a>:</b> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway"><img alt="Norway" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></a></span></span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Oslo</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1956_Winter_Olympics" title="1956 Winter Olympics">1956</a>:</b> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Cortina_d%27Ampezzo" title="Cortina d'Ampezzo">Cortina d'Ampezzo</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1960_Winter_Olympics" title="1960 Winter Olympics">1960</a>:</b> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281959-1960%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281959-1960%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281959-1960%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281959-1960%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281959-1960%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281959-1960%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Olympic_Valley,_California" title="Olympic Valley, California">Squaw Valley</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1964_Winter_Olympics" title="1964 Winter Olympics">1964</a>:</b> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria"><img alt="Austria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Innsbruck" title="Innsbruck">Innsbruck</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1968_Winter_Olympics" title="1968 Winter Olympics">1968</a>:</b> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Grenoble" title="Grenoble">Grenoble</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1972_Winter_Olympics" title="1972 Winter Olympics">1972</a>:</b> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><img alt="Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Sapporo" title="Sapporo">Sapporo</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1976_Winter_Olympics" title="1976 Winter Olympics">1976</a>:</b> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria"><img alt="Austria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Innsbruck" title="Innsbruck">Innsbruck</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1980_Winter_Olympics" title="1980 Winter Olympics">1980</a>:</b> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Lake_Placid,_New_York" title="Lake Placid, New York">Lake Placid</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1984_Winter_Olympics" title="1984 Winter Olympics">1984</a>:</b> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia"><img alt="Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Sarajevo" title="Sarajevo">Sarajevo</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1988_Winter_Olympics" title="1988 Winter Olympics">1988</a>:</b> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada"><img alt="Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Calgary" title="Calgary">Calgary</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1992_Winter_Olympics" title="1992 Winter Olympics">1992</a>:</b> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Albertville" title="Albertville">Albertville</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1994_Winter_Olympics" title="1994 Winter Olympics">1994</a>:</b> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway"><img alt="Norway" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Lillehammer" title="Lillehammer">Lillehammer</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1998_Winter_Olympics" title="1998 Winter Olympics">1998</a>:</b> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><img alt="Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Nagano_(city)" title="Nagano (city)">Nagano</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2002_Winter_Olympics" title="2002 Winter Olympics">2002</a>:</b> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Salt_Lake_City" title="Salt Lake City">Salt Lake City</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2006_Winter_Olympics" title="2006 Winter Olympics">2006</a>:</b> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Turin" title="Turin">Turin</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2010_Winter_Olympics" title="2010 Winter Olympics">2010</a>:</b> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada"><img alt="Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Vancouver" title="Vancouver">Vancouver</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2014_Winter_Olympics" title="2014 Winter Olympics">2014</a>:</b> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Sochi" title="Sochi">Sochi</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2018_Winter_Olympics" title="2018 Winter Olympics">2018</a>:</b> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea"><img alt="South Korea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Pyeongchang_County" title="Pyeongchang County">Pyeongchang</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics" title="2022 Winter Olympics">2022</a>:</b> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2026_Winter_Olympics" title="2026 Winter Olympics"><i>2026</i></a>:</b> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <i><a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cortina_d%27Ampezzo" title="Cortina d'Ampezzo">Cortina d'Ampezzo</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2030_Winter_Olympics" title="2030 Winter Olympics"><i>2030</i></a>:</b> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <i><a href="/wiki/Nice" title="Nice">Nice</a> and <a href="/wiki/French_Alps" title="French Alps">French Alps</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2034_Winter_Olympics" title="2034 Winter Olympics"><i>2034</i></a>:</b> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <i><a href="/wiki/Salt_Lake_City" title="Salt Lake City">Salt Lake City</a> and <a href="/wiki/Utah" title="Utah">Utah</a></i></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><sup>[c1]</sup> Cancelled due to World War II <span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b1/Olympic_Rings.svg/32px-Olympic_Rings.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b1/Olympic_Rings.svg/48px-Olympic_Rings.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b1/Olympic_Rings.svg/64px-Olympic_Rings.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1020" data-file-height="495" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Olympic_Games" title="Portal:Olympic Games">Olympic Games portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q585#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q585#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q585#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000115544893">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/137191199">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJyrWcrtKp86d4pymgDH4q">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4043968-9">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Oslo (Norway)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79018884">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11882326b">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11882326b">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00628309">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35869001">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Oslo (Norsko)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge259811&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Kristiania (Norsko)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge693139&CON_LNG=ENG">2</a></span></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX460251">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90094909">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000765505&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a 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