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<span>Formation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Formation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dissolution_and_aftermath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dissolution_and_aftermath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Dissolution and aftermath</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dissolution_and_aftermath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Skanderbeg_commanders" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Skanderbeg_commanders"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Skanderbeg commanders</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Skanderbeg_commanders-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Monarchs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Monarchs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Monarchs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Monarchs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of 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Available in 28 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-28" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">28 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B5%D8%A8%D8%A9_%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AC%D9%87" title="عصبة ليجه – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عصبة ليجه" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B0_%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B" title="Лежа лигаһы – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Лежа лигаһы" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Лежка лига – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Лежка лига" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lezhsk%C3%A1_liga" title="Lezhská liga – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Lezhská liga" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liga_von_Lezha" title="Liga von Lezha – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Liga von Lezha" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lezh%C3%AB_liiga" title="Lezhë liiga – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Lezhë liiga" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liga_de_Lezh%C3%AB" title="Liga de Lezhë – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Liga de Lezhë" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ligue_de_Lezha" title="Ligue de Lezha – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ligue de Lezha" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A0%88%EC%A0%80_%EB%8F%99%EB%A7%B9" title="레저 동맹 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="레저 동맹" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BC%D5%A5%D5%AA%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB_%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%A3%D5%A1" title="Լեժայի լիգա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Լեժայի լիգա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liga_Lezh%C3%AB" title="Liga Lezhë – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Liga Lezhë" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lega_di_Alessio" title="Lega di Alessio – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lega di Alessio" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%9F%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%92%E1%83%90" title="ლეჟის ლიგა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ლეჟის ლიგა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%AEga_Lezh%C3%AB" title="Lîga Lezhë – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Lîga Lezhë" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Лешка Лига – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Лешка Лига" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liga_van_Lezh%C3%AB" title="Liga van Lezhë – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Liga van Lezhë" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lezhaligaen" title="Lezhaligaen – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Lezhaligaen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liga_w_Lezhy" title="Liga w Lezhy – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Liga w Lezhy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liga_de_Lezh%C3%AB" title="Liga de Lezhë – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Liga de Lezhë" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liga_de_la_Lezha" title="Liga de la Lezha – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Liga de la Lezha" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B6%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Лежская лига – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Лежская лига" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lidhja_e_Lezh%C3%ABs" title="Lidhja e Lezhës – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Lidhja e Lezhës" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/League_of_Lezh%C3%AB" title="League of Lezhë – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="League of Lezhë" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%89%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Љешка лига – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Љешка лига" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lezhaf%C3%B6rbundet" title="Lezhaförbundet – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Lezhaförbundet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le%C5%9F_Birli%C4%9Fi" title="Leş Birliği – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Leş Birliği" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B7%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Лезька ліга – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Лезька ліга" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%90%8A%E4%BB%80%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F" title="萊什聯盟 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="萊什聯盟" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q669241#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" style="background-color: #DEDFDE;">League of Lezhë</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><span class="nickname" lang="Albanian"><i>Lidhja e Lezhës</i></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:League_of_Lezh%C3%AB,_1448-1468.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/League_of_Lezh%C3%AB%2C_1448-1468.png/200px-League_of_Lezh%C3%AB%2C_1448-1468.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="381" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/League_of_Lezh%C3%AB%2C_1448-1468.png/300px-League_of_Lezh%C3%AB%2C_1448-1468.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/League_of_Lezh%C3%AB%2C_1448-1468.png/400px-League_of_Lezh%C3%AB%2C_1448-1468.png 2x" data-file-width="3378" data-file-height="6441" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">League of Lezhë, between 1448 and 1468</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Grand Prince</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/Gjergj_Kastrioti" class="mw-redirect" title="Gjergj Kastrioti">Gjergj Kastrioti</a> (1444-1468) <br /><a href="/wiki/Lek%C3%AB_III_Dukagjini" class="mw-redirect" title="Lekë III Dukagjini">Lekë III Dukagjini</a> (1468-1479)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Dates of operation</span></th><td class="infobox-data">1444–1479<sup id="cite_ref-Brisku2013_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brisku2013-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Active regions</th><td class="infobox-data label">Within the League's territories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Dukagjini" title="Principality of Dukagjini">Principality of Dukagjini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaharia_family" title="Zaharia family">Principality of Zaharia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Kastrioti" title="Principality of Kastrioti">Principality of Kastrioti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arianiti_family" title="Arianiti family">Principality of Arianiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Muzaka" title="Principality of Muzaka">Principality of Muzaka</a></li></ul> <p>Outside of the League's territories: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albania_Veneta" class="mw-redirect" title="Albania Veneta">Albania Veneta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanjak_of_Albania" title="Sanjak of Albania">Sanjak of Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanjak_of_Dibra" title="Sanjak of Dibra">Sanjak of Dibra</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Allies</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Republic_of_Venice_(1659-1675).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Republic_of_Venice_%281659-1675%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Republic_of_Venice_%281659-1675%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Republic_of_Venice_%281659-1675%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Republic_of_Venice_%281659-1675%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Republic_of_Venice_%281659-1675%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Republic_of_Venice_%281659-1675%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1822" data-file-height="863" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Republic of Venice</a><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bandera_de_N%C3%A1poles_-_Trast%C3%A1mara.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Bandera_de_N%C3%A1poles_-_Trast%C3%A1mara.svg/20px-Bandera_de_N%C3%A1poles_-_Trast%C3%A1mara.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Bandera_de_N%C3%A1poles_-_Trast%C3%A1mara.svg/30px-Bandera_de_N%C3%A1poles_-_Trast%C3%A1mara.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Bandera_de_N%C3%A1poles_-_Trast%C3%A1mara.svg/40px-Bandera_de_N%C3%A1poles_-_Trast%C3%A1mara.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Naples" title="Kingdom of Naples">Kingdom of Naples</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Opponents</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_(1844%E2%80%931922).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Republic_of_Venice_(1659-1675).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Republic_of_Venice_%281659-1675%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Republic_of_Venice_%281659-1675%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Republic_of_Venice_%281659-1675%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Republic_of_Venice_%281659-1675%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Republic_of_Venice_%281659-1675%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Republic_of_Venice_%281659-1675%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1822" data-file-height="863" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Republic of Venice</a> (Dec. 1447–Oct. 1448)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Battles and wars</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="#History">See list</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Flag</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Albania_Flag.png" 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template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Medieval_Albanian%E2%80%93Ottoman_Wars" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Medieval Albanian–Ottoman Wars"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Medieval_Albanian%E2%80%93Ottoman_Wars" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Medieval Albanian–Ottoman Wars"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Medieval_Albanian–Ottoman_Wars" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em">Medieval Albanian–Ottoman Wars</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b>Early Ottoman invasions and <a href="/wiki/Sanjak_of_Albania" title="Sanjak of Albania">rule</a></b> <small>(1385–1443)</small> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ohrid#Middle_Ages" title="Ohrid">Ohrid</a> <small>(1375)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Savra" title="Battle of Savra">Savra</a> <small>(1385)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kosovo" title="Battle of Kosovo">Kosovo</a> <small>(1389)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muzaka_family#Ottoman_Empire_period" title="Muzaka family">Bayezid I's Campaign</a> <small>(1394)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Ohrid_(1395)" title="Siege of Ohrid (1395)">Ohrid</a> <small>(1395)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zenevisi_family#Ottoman_period" title="Zenevisi family">Zenevisi War</a> <small>(1414–18)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niketa_Thopia#Life" title="Niketa Thopia">Krujë</a> <small>(1415)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodor_Corona_Musachi#Ottoman_invasion" title="Theodor Corona Musachi">Muzaka War</a> <small>(1415–17)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gjon_Kastriot#War_with_the_Ottomans" class="mw-redirect" title="Gjon Kastriot">Kastrioti War</a> <small>(1428–30)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_revolt_of_1432%E2%80%9336" class="mw-redirect" title="Albanian revolt of 1432–36">Albanian Revolt</a> <small>(1432–36)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodor_Corona_Musachi#Revolt" title="Theodor Corona Musachi">Muzaka Revolt</a> <small>(1437–38)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skanderbeg%27s_rebellion#Background" title="Skanderbeg's rebellion">Arianiti Revolt</a> <small>(1443)</small></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Skanderbeg%27s_rebellion" title="Skanderbeg's rebellion">Skanderbeg's Rebellion</a></b> <small>(1443–1468)</small> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Skanderbeg%27s_rebellion#Early_battles" title="Skanderbeg's rebellion">Svetigrad</a> <small>(1443)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Torvioll" title="Battle of Torvioll">Torvioll</a> <small>(1444)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mokra_(1445)" title="Battle of Mokra (1445)">Mokra</a> <small>(1445)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Otonet%C3%AB" title="Battle of Otonetë">Otonetë</a> <small>(1446)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Svetigrad_(1448)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Svetigrad (1448)">Svetigrad</a> <small>(1448)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Oranik_(1448)" title="Battle of Oranik (1448)">Oranik</a> <small>(1448)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Kruj%C3%AB_(1450)" title="Siege of Krujë (1450)">Krujë</a> <small>(1450)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmed_II%27s_first_Albanian_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Mehmed II's first Albanian campaign">Mehmed II's first Campaign</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mehmed_II%27s_first_Albanian_campaign#Battle_of_Modrič" class="mw-redirect" title="Mehmed II's first Albanian campaign">Modrica</a> <small>(1452)</small> • <a href="/wiki/Mehmed_II%27s_first_Albanian_campaign#Battle_of_Meçad" class="mw-redirect" title="Mehmed II's first Albanian campaign">Meçad</a> <small>(1452)</small>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Polog" title="Battle of Polog">Pollog</a> <small>(1453)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Berat_(1455)" title="Siege of Berat (1455)">Berat</a> <small>(1455)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Oranik_(1456)" title="Battle of Oranik (1456)">Oranik</a> <small>(1456)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Albulena" title="Battle of Albulena">Albulena</a> <small>(1457)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sati_(castle)#During_Skanderbeg's_rebellion" title="Sati (castle)">Sati</a> <small>(1459)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mokra_(July_1462)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Mokra (July 1462)">Mokra</a> <small>(1462)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skanderbeg%27s_Macedonian_campaign" title="Skanderbeg's Macedonian campaign">Macedonian Campaign</a> (<a href="/wiki/Skanderbeg%27s_Macedonian_campaign#Battle_of_Mokra" title="Skanderbeg's Macedonian campaign">Mokra</a> <small>(1462)</small> • <a href="/wiki/Skanderbeg%27s_Macedonian_campaign#Battle_of_Pollog" title="Skanderbeg's Macedonian campaign">Pollog</a> <small>(1462)</small> • <a href="/wiki/Skanderbeg%27s_Macedonian_campaign#Battle_of_Livad" title="Skanderbeg's Macedonian campaign">Livad</a> <small>(1462)</small>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ohrid" title="Battle of Ohrid">Ohrid</a> <small>(1464)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vajkal" title="Battle of Vajkal">Vajkal</a> <small>(1465)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Me%C3%A7ad_(1465)" title="Battle of Meçad (1465)">Meçad</a> <small>(1465)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballaban%27s_campaign_of_1465" title="Ballaban's campaign of 1465">Ballaban's fourth Campaign</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ballaban%27s_campaign_of_1465#Battle_of_Vajkal" title="Ballaban's campaign of 1465">Vajkal</a> <small>(1465)</small> • <a href="/wiki/Ballaban%27s_campaign_of_1465#Battle_of_Kashari" title="Ballaban's campaign of 1465">Kashari</a> <small>(1465)</small>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Kruj%C3%AB_(1466%E2%80%931467)" title="Siege of Krujë (1466–1467)">Krujë</a> <small>(1466–67)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Kruj%C3%AB_(1467)" title="Siege of Krujë (1467)">Krujë</a> <small>(1467)</small></li></ul> <p><i><b>Contemporaneous Campaigns</b></i> <small>(1447–1462)</small> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian%E2%80%93Venetian_War" title="Albanian–Venetian War">Venetian War</a> <small>(1447–48)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humoj_family#Struggle_against_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Humoj family">Dukagjini Civil War</a> <small>(1456–57)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skanderbeg%27s_Italian_expedition" title="Skanderbeg's Italian expedition">Italian Expedition</a> <small>(1460–62)</small></li></ul> <p><b>Resistance until the Fall of Shkodra</b> <small>(1468–1479)</small> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Himar%C3%AB#History" title="Himarë">Himarë</a> <small>(1473–79)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Shkodra_(1474)" title="Siege of Shkodra (1474)">Shkodra</a> <small>(1474)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Kruj%C3%AB_(1478)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Krujë (1478)">Krujë</a> <small>(1477–78)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Shkodra" title="Siege of Shkodra">Shkodra</a> <small>(1478–79)</small></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_Albania" title="List of wars involving Albania">Wars involving Albania</a></i></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>The <b>League of Lezhë</b> (<a href="/wiki/Albanian_language" title="Albanian language">Albanian</a>: <i lang="sq">Lidhja e Lezhës</i>), also commonly referred to as the <b>Albanian League</b> (<a href="/wiki/Albanian_language" title="Albanian language">Albanian</a>: <i lang="sq">Lidhja Arbërore</i>), was a military and diplomatic alliance of the <a href="/wiki/Albanian_nobility" title="Albanian nobility">Albanian aristocracy</a>, created in the city of <a href="/wiki/Lezh%C3%AB" title="Lezhë">Lezhë</a> on 2 March 1444. The League of Lezhë is considered the first unified independent <a href="/wiki/Albania_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Albania in the Middle Ages">Albanian country in the Medieval age</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Skanderbeg" title="Skanderbeg">Skanderbeg</a> as leader of the regional Albanian chieftains and nobles united against the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Babinger19922_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Babinger19922-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Skanderbeg was proclaimed "Chief of the League of the Albanian People," while Skanderbeg always signed himself as "<i>Dominus</i> <i>Albaniae"</i> (<a href="/wiki/Albanian_language" title="Albanian language">Albanian</a>: <i>Zot i Arbërisë</i>, <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>: <i>Lord of Albania</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-Frazee2006_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Frazee2006-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AslanEbrahim2016_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AslanEbrahim2016-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the assembly of Lezha, members from the families <a href="/wiki/Kastrioti_family" class="mw-redirect" title="Kastrioti family">Kastrioti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arianiti" class="mw-redirect" title="Arianiti">Arianiti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zaharia_family" title="Zaharia family">Zaharia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muzaka" class="mw-redirect" title="Muzaka">Muzaka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spani_family" title="Spani family">Spani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thopia_family" title="Thopia family">Thopia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Balsha_noble_family" class="mw-redirect" title="Balsha noble family">Balsha</a> and <a href="/wiki/Crnojevi%C4%87_noble_family" title="Crnojević noble family">Crnojević</a> which were linked matrilineally or via marriage to the Kastrioti, were present. The members contributed to the league with men and money while maintaining control of the internal affairs of their domains. Soon after its creation, the pro-Venetian Balsha and Crnojevići left the league in the events that led to the <a href="/wiki/Albanian%E2%80%93Venetian_War" title="Albanian–Venetian War">Albanian–Venetian War</a> (1447–48). The peace treaty of the Albanian-Venetian war signed on October 4, 1448, is the first diplomatic document on which the league appears as an independent entity. <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESyla201910_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESyla201910-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Barleti referred to the meeting as the <i>generalis concilium</i> or <i>universum concilium</i> ("general council" or "whole council"); the term "League of Lezhë" was coined by subsequent historians.<sup id="cite_ref-Biçoku20093_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Biçoku20093-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=League_of_Lezh%C3%AB&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Skanderbeg_by_Antonio_Maria_Crespi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Skanderbeg_by_Antonio_Maria_Crespi.jpg/200px-Skanderbeg_by_Antonio_Maria_Crespi.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="234" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Skanderbeg_by_Antonio_Maria_Crespi.jpg/300px-Skanderbeg_by_Antonio_Maria_Crespi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Skanderbeg_by_Antonio_Maria_Crespi.jpg/400px-Skanderbeg_by_Antonio_Maria_Crespi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="936" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Skanderbeg" title="Skanderbeg">Gjergj Kastrioti Skanderbeg</a>, the ruler of <a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a> at the time.</figcaption></figure> <p>After the death of <a href="/wiki/Serbian_Empire" title="Serbian Empire">Serbian Emperor</a> <a href="/wiki/Stefan_Du%C5%A1an" title="Stefan Dušan">Stefan Dušan</a> in 1355, the magnates in Albania established their own dominions. When Ottoman forces entered Albania, they were faced with small principalities that were engaged in vicious fights among themselves. The first battle against the Ottoman forces in Albania was that of <a href="/wiki/Bal%C5%A1a_II" title="Balša II">Balša II</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Zeta_under_the_Balsha" class="mw-redirect" title="Zeta under the Balsha">Lord of Zeta</a>, when <a href="/wiki/Karl_Thopia" title="Karl Thopia">Karl Thopia</a> invited the Ottomans, who defeated and killed Balša II in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Savra" title="Battle of Savra">battle of Savra</a>, which happened on September 18, 1385.<sup id="cite_ref-Somel20102_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Somel20102-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gibbons20132_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gibbons20132-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 15th century, the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> established itself in the Balkans with no significant resistance offered by local Christian nobles. Many of them were still fighting among themselves and did not see the Ottoman advance as a threat to their power. Although a civil war broke out between <a href="/wiki/Bayezid_I" title="Bayezid I">Bayezid I</a>'s sons in 1402–13, none of the Christian noblemen in the Balkans at the time seized the opportunity to repel the Ottomans; on the contrary, Bulgarians, Serbs, and Hungarians even helped the future Sultan <a href="/wiki/Mehmed_I" title="Mehmed I">Mehmed I</a> seize power by participating as his allies in the final battle against his brother. <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESedlar1994264_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESedlar1994264-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the Ottoman civil war was over in favor of Mehmed I, his forces captured Kruja from the Thopia in 1415, <a href="/wiki/Berat_Castle" title="Berat Castle">Berat</a> in 1417 from the Muzaka, Vlora and Kanina in 1417 from the widow of <a href="/wiki/Bal%C5%A1a_III" title="Balša III">Balša III</a>, and Gjirokastër in 1418 from the <a href="/wiki/Zenevisi_family" title="Zenevisi family">Zenevisi</a>. Under pressure from the Ottoman Empire and the Republic of Venice, the <a href="/wiki/Albanian_principalities" title="Albanian principalities">Albanian Principalities</a> began to vacillate.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some Albanian nobility <a href="/wiki/Albanian_Revolt_of_1432%E2%80%9336" class="mw-redirect" title="Albanian Revolt of 1432–36">revolted in 1432–36</a>. </p><p>In November 1443, Skanderbeg captured Kruja with his troops and declared its independence from the Sultan.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Formation">Formation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=League_of_Lezh%C3%AB&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Formation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Liga_von_Lezha.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Liga_von_Lezha.jpg/200px-Liga_von_Lezha.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Liga_von_Lezha.jpg/300px-Liga_von_Lezha.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Liga_von_Lezha.jpg/400px-Liga_von_Lezha.jpg 2x" data-file-width="862" data-file-height="509" /></a><figcaption>League of Lezhë painting in the <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_Gjergj_Kastrioti_Sk%C3%ABnderbeu" class="mw-redirect" title="National Museum Gjergj Kastrioti Skënderbeu">Skanderbeg Museum</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kruj%C3%AB" title="Krujë">Krujë</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The League of Lezhë was founded on 2 March 1444 by:<sup id="cite_ref-Nolip19_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nolip19-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lek%C3%AB_Zaharia" title="Lekë Zaharia">Lekë Zaharia</a> (lord of <a href="/wiki/Sati_(castle)" title="Sati (castle)">Sati</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dagnum" title="Dagnum">Dagnum</a>), and his vassals <a href="/wiki/Pal_Dukagjini" title="Pal Dukagjini">Pal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Dukagjini" title="Nicholas Dukagjini">Nicholas Dukagjini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Spani_(League_of_Lezh%C3%AB)" title="Peter Spani (League of Lezhë)">Pjetër Spani</a> (lord of the mountains behind <a href="/wiki/Drisht" title="Drisht">Drivasto</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-Schmitt-297_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schmitt-297-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lek%C3%AB_Dushmani" title="Lekë Dushmani">Lekë Dushmani</a> (lord of Minor <a href="/wiki/Pult" title="Pult">Pult</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-Schmitt-297_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schmitt-297-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gjergj_Strez_Balsha" class="mw-redirect" title="Gjergj Strez Balsha">Gjergj Strez Balsha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gjon_Balsha" class="mw-redirect" title="Gjon Balsha">Gjon Balsha</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gojko_Balsha" class="mw-redirect" title="Gojko Balsha">Gojko Balsha</a> (lords of Misia, between Kruja and Lezhë)<sup id="cite_ref-Schmitt-297_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schmitt-297-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrea_Thopia" class="mw-redirect" title="Andrea Thopia">Andrea Thopia</a> (lord of Scuria, between Tirana and Durrës) with his nephew <a href="/wiki/Tanush_Thopia" title="Tanush Thopia">Tanush</a><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gjergj_Arianiti" title="Gjergj Arianiti">Gjergj Arianiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodor_Corona_Musachi" title="Theodor Corona Musachi">Theodor Corona Muzaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stefan_Crnojevi%C4%87" title="Stefan Crnojević">Stefan Crnojević</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lordship_of_Zeta_under_the_Crnojevi%C4%87i" class="mw-redirect" title="Lordship of Zeta under the Crnojevići">lord of Upper Zeta</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-Schmitt-297_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schmitt-297-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Delegates from Venice were present at the meeting.<sup id="cite_ref-Frazee20062_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Frazee20062-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The military alliance<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (February 2021)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> was made up of the feudal lords in Albania, who had to contribute to the league with men and money.<sup id="cite_ref-Frazee20062_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Frazee20062-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Skanderbeg was proclaimed "Chief of the League of the Albanian People."<sup id="cite_ref-Frazee20062_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Frazee20062-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AslanEbrahim20162_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AslanEbrahim20162-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus, he was the League's leader and commander-in-chief of its combined armed forces, which numbered 8,000 warriors.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All the territorial lords had their own domains and affairs; "Skanderbeg had no right to interfere with the affairs of the domains of other nobles", acting only as the supreme military leader, as <i><a href="/wiki/Primus_inter_pares" title="Primus inter pares">primus inter</a> pares.</i> <sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Barleti referred to the meeting as the <i>generalis concilium</i> or <i>universum concilium</i> ("general council" or "whole council"); the term "League of Lezhë" was coined by subsequent historians.<sup id="cite_ref-Biçoku20093_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Biçoku20093-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Initiated and organized under <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Venetian</a> patronage,<sup id="cite_ref-GibbLewis19732_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GibbLewis19732-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (November 2016)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> through treaties, the league was put under <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_V_of_Aragon" title="Alfonso V of Aragon">King Alfonso V</a>, with Skanderbeg as <a href="/wiki/Captain_general" title="Captain general">captain</a> general.<sup id="cite_ref-Skendi19802_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Skendi19802-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=League_of_Lezh%C3%AB&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The League's forces had victories against the Ottomans at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Torvioll" title="Battle of Torvioll">Torvioll (1444)</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrashëri2002139_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrashëri2002139-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mokra_(1445)" title="Battle of Mokra (1445)">Mokra (1445)</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrancione2006310_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrancione2006310-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Otonet%C3%AB" title="Battle of Otonetë">Otonetë (1446)</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrancione2006?_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrancione2006?-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Oranik_(1448)" title="Battle of Oranik (1448)">Oranik (1448)</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrancione2006?_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrancione2006?-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a loss at <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Svetigrad_(1448)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Svetigrad (1448)">Svetigrad (1448)</a> victory in <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Polog" title="Battle of Polog">Polog (1453)</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrancione2006?_26-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrancione2006?-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> victory at <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Kruj%C3%AB_(1450)" title="Siege of Krujë (1450)">Krujë (1450)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Albulena" title="Battle of Albulena">Albulena (1457)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ohrid" title="Battle of Ohrid">Ohrid (1464)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mokra_(July_1462)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Mokra (July 1462)">Mokra (1462)</a> and many others. </p><p>Skanderbeg's first big victory against the Ottomans was at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Torvioll" title="Battle of Torvioll">Battle of</a> Torvioll, and the news of the victory of the Albanians over the Turks spread very quickly in Europe. In the two years that followed, the Albanian-Tetan coalition won over the Ottomans. On May 14, 1450, the first siege of Kruja began, which the Ottomans had to end the following year without success. In 1451, <a href="/wiki/Skanderbeg" title="Skanderbeg">Skanderbeg</a> formed an alliance with the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Naples" title="Kingdom of Naples">Kingdom of Naples</a> for the time being; however, the Albanians received no help from there. In 1452, the Ottomans were defeated at Mokrra and Meçadi. After the fall of <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a>, Albanians received financial aid from Naples and Venice as well as from the Pope. Until 1462, Skanderbeg's troops were able to defeat the Ottomans every year without significantly weakening their superiority. Every year, the sultan was able to send a new army without difficulty. Only in 1460 and 1463 did ceasefires interrupt the fighting. In 1462, Skanderbeg succeeded in taking the important city of <a href="/wiki/Ohrid" title="Ohrid">Ohrid</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 1466 the second siege of Kruje Castle was knocked down. However, the Ottomans founded the fortress Elbasan south in the valley of the Shkumbin and thus finally settled in Albania. In 1467 a third siege of Kruje failed.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Assault_on_Turkish_encampment.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Assault_on_Turkish_encampment.jpg/220px-Assault_on_Turkish_encampment.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Assault_on_Turkish_encampment.jpg/330px-Assault_on_Turkish_encampment.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/Assault_on_Turkish_encampment.jpg 2x" data-file-width="345" data-file-height="219" /></a><figcaption>Albanian assault on an Ottoman encampment in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Albulena" title="Battle of Albulena">Battle of Albulena</a></figcaption></figure> <p>By 1468, the 10,000-strong Skanderbeg army could withstand the Ottomans. The Albanians received financial support from Venice and from the kings of Hungary and Naples. After Skanderbeg died in 1468, the Lezha League began to disintegrate. Following the Venetians, the Northern Albanians in particular continued the fight against the Ottomans. When the <a href="/wiki/Shkodra" class="mw-redirect" title="Shkodra">Shkodra</a>, which until then had been dominated by the Venetians, was taken by the Ottomans in 1479, the resistance collapsed, and the entire Albanian settlement area was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><sup id="cite_ref-Akademia_e_Shkencave_e_Shqipërisë_2002_412_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Akademia_e_Shkencave_e_Shqipërisë_2002_412-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There was also a short war between Albania and Venice in 1447–1448, but on October 4, 1448, the <a href="/wiki/Albanian%E2%80%93Venetian_War_(1447%E2%80%931448)" class="mw-redirect" title="Albanian–Venetian War (1447–1448)">Albanian–Venetian War</a> ended when Skanderbeg and Nicholas Dukagjini signed a peace treaty with Venice, which would keep its possessions in Albania, including <a href="/wiki/Dagnum" title="Dagnum">Dagnum</a>, under the conditions that Venice pay a yearly sum of 1,400 <a href="/wiki/Ducat" title="Ducat">ducats</a> and that some league members would benefit from certain trade privileges, etc.<sup id="cite_ref-Akademia_e_Shkencave_e_Shqipërisë_2002_412_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Akademia_e_Shkencave_e_Shqipërisë_2002_412-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dissolution_and_aftermath">Dissolution and aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=League_of_Lezh%C3%AB&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Dissolution and aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Paolo_Veronese_-_Siege_of_Scutari_-_WGA24944.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Paolo_Veronese_-_Siege_of_Scutari_-_WGA24944.jpg/220px-Paolo_Veronese_-_Siege_of_Scutari_-_WGA24944.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Paolo_Veronese_-_Siege_of_Scutari_-_WGA24944.jpg/330px-Paolo_Veronese_-_Siege_of_Scutari_-_WGA24944.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Paolo_Veronese_-_Siege_of_Scutari_-_WGA24944.jpg/440px-Paolo_Veronese_-_Siege_of_Scutari_-_WGA24944.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1129" data-file-height="780" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Paolo_Veronese" title="Paolo Veronese">Veronese's</a> <i>Siege of Shkodër</i> in 1478</figcaption></figure> <p>The alliance was precarious.<sup id="cite_ref-Castellan19922_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Castellan19922-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although an official date of dissolution is unknown, the League of Lezhë fragmented soon after its founding, with many of its members breaking away. By 1450, it had certainly ceased to function as originally intended, and only the core of the alliance under Skanderbeg and <a href="/wiki/Arianiti_family" title="Arianiti family">Arianiti</a> continued to fight against the Ottomans. Some members preferred to act in line with their own interests. During the attack on the sultan in 1450, they kept changing their position between supporting the Ottomans and joining Skanderbeg.<sup id="cite_ref-ElsieSchmitt2_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ElsieSchmitt2-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After Pjetër Spani and Gjergj Dushmani left the alliance,<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and after the <a href="/wiki/Arianiti_family" title="Arianiti family">Arianiti</a> and Dukagjini left it in 1450, members of the <a href="/wiki/Dukagjini_family" title="Dukagjini family">Dukagjini family</a> concluded peace with the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> and even began to plot against Skanderbeg. <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrashëri196478_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrashëri196478-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Skanderbeg_commanders">Skanderbeg commanders</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=League_of_Lezh%C3%AB&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Skanderbeg commanders"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gjergj_Arianiti" title="Gjergj Arianiti">Gjergj Arianiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamza_Kastrioti" title="Hamza Kastrioti">Hamza Kastrioti</a>, Skanderbeg's nephew, passed to the Ottomans in 1457</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moisi_Arianit_Golemi" class="mw-redirect" title="Moisi Arianit Golemi">Moisi Arianit Golemi</a>, passed to the Ottomans in 1457</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vrana_Konti" class="mw-redirect" title="Vrana Konti">Vrana Konti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladan_Jurica" title="Vladan Jurica">Vladan Jurica</a>, General Quartermaster Skanderbegs</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanush_Thopia" title="Tanush Thopia">Tanush Thopia</a></li> <li>Karl Muzaka Thopia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lek%C3%AB_Dukagjini" title="Lekë Dukagjini">Lekë Dukagjini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikoll%C3%AB_Dukagjini" class="mw-redirect" title="Nikollë Dukagjini">Nikollë Dukagjini</a>, passed to the Ottomans in 1457</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pal_III_Dukagjini" class="mw-redirect" title="Pal III Dukagjini">Pal III Dukagjini</a>, passed to the Ottomans in 1457</li> <li>Pjetër Perlati</li> <li>Marin Spani</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrea_Thopia" class="mw-redirect" title="Andrea Thopia">Andrea Thopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajdin_Muzaka" title="Ajdin Muzaka">Ajdin Muzaka</a></li> <li>Dhimitër Berisha</li> <li>Nik Peta</li> <li>Pal Golemi</li></ul> <p>For 25 years, from 1443–68, Skanderbeg's 10,000-strong army marched through Ottoman territory, winning against increasingly larger and better-supplied Ottoman forces.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Threatened by Ottoman advances in their homeland, Hungary, and later <a href="/wiki/Naples" title="Naples">Naples</a> and <a href="/wiki/Venice" title="Venice">Venice</a> – their former enemies – provided the financial backbone and support for Skanderbeg's army.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After Skanderbeg's death in 1468, the Sultan "easily subdued Albania", but Skanderbeg's death did not end the struggle for independence.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=League_of_Lezh%C3%AB&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 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.sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks plainlist" style="width:19.0em;"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><div class="sidebar-pretitle" style="margin: -0.2em 0; font-size:69%; font-weight:normal;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Albania" title="Category:History of Albania">a series</a> on the</div></th> </tr><tr> <th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style=""><a href="/wiki/History_of_Albania" title="History of Albania">History of <span class="fn org label">Albania</span></a></th> </tr><tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.4em; border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Albania.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="State emblem of Albania"><img alt="State emblem of Albania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Coat_of_arms_of_Albania.svg/50px-Coat_of_arms_of_Albania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="76" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Coat_of_arms_of_Albania.svg/75px-Coat_of_arms_of_Albania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Coat_of_arms_of_Albania.svg/100px-Coat_of_arms_of_Albania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="251" data-file-height="383" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #eee;color: var(--color-base)">Early History</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Origin_of_the_Albanians" title="Origin of the Albanians">Origin of the Albanians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illyria" title="Illyria">Illyria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illyrians" title="Illyrians">Illyrians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(Roman_province)" title="Macedonia (Roman province)">Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illyricum_(Roman_province)" title="Illyricum (Roman province)">Illyricum</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #eee;color: var(--color-base)">Medieval</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albania_under_the_Byzantine_Empire" title="Albania under the Byzantine Empire">Byzantine rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albania_under_the_Bulgarian_Empire" title="Albania under the Bulgarian Empire">Bulgarian rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Arbanon" title="Principality of Arbanon">Principality of Arbanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Albania_(medieval)" title="Kingdom of Albania (medieval)">Angevin Kingdom of Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Albania_(medieval)" title="Principality of Albania (medieval)">Principality of Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albania_under_Serbia_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Albania under Serbia in the Middle Ages">Serbian rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_principalities" title="Albanian principalities">Principalities</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">League of Lezhë</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venetian_Albania" title="Venetian Albania">Venetian Albania</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #eee;color: var(--color-base)">Early modern</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Mirdita" class="mw-redirect" title="Principality of Mirdita">Principality of Mirdita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albania_under_the_Ottoman_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Albania under the Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamization_of_Albania" title="Islamization of Albania">Islamization of Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanjak_of_Albania" title="Sanjak of Albania">Sanjak of Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanjak_of_Scutari" title="Sanjak of Scutari">Sanjak of Scutari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanjak_of_Dibra" title="Sanjak of Dibra">Sanjak of Dibra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scutari_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Scutari Vilayet">Scutari Vilayet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janina_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Janina Vilayet">Janina Vilayet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manastir_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Manastir Vilayet">Manastir Vilayet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosovo Vilayet">Kosovo Vilayet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Pashaliks" title="Albanian Pashaliks">Pashaliks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massacre_of_the_Albanian_Beys" title="Massacre of the Albanian Beys">Massacre of the <i>beys</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_National_Awakening" title="Albanian National Awakening">National Awakening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_revolts_of_1833%E2%80%931839" title="Albanian revolts of 1833–1839">Revolts of 1833–1839</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uprising_of_Dervish_Cara" title="Uprising of Dervish Cara">Revolt of 1843–1844</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_revolt_of_1845" title="Albanian revolt of 1845">Revolt of 1845</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_revolt_of_1847" title="Albanian revolt of 1847">Revolt of 1847</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_Prizren" title="League of Prizren">League of Prizren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_Peja" title="League of Peja">League of Peja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_revolt_of_1910" title="Albanian revolt of 1910">Revolt of 1910</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_revolt_of_1911" class="mw-redirect" title="Albanian revolt of 1911">Revolt of 1911</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_De%C3%A7iq" title="Battle of Deçiq">Battle of Deçiq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_revolt_of_1912" title="Albanian revolt of 1912">Revolt of 1912</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Vilayet" title="Albanian Vilayet">Albanian Vilayet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Albanian Declaration of Independence">Declaration of Independence</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #eee;color: var(--color-base)">Late modern</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Albania" title="Independent Albania">Independent Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provisional_Government_of_Albania" title="Provisional Government of Albania">Provisional Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Congress_of_Trieste" title="Albanian Congress of Trieste">Congress of Trieste</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_Control_Commission_(Albania)" title="International Control Commission (Albania)">International Commission of Control</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albania_during_the_Balkan_Wars" title="Albania during the Balkan Wars">Balkan Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Albania" title="Principality of Albania">Principality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peasant_Revolt_in_Albania" class="mw-redirect" title="Peasant Revolt in Albania">Peasant Revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_I_in_Albania" title="World War I in Albania">World War I in Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Central_Albania" title="Republic of Central Albania">Republic of Central Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_Province_of_Kor%C3%A7%C3%AB" title="Autonomous Province of Korçë">Republic of Korçë</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Mirdita" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Mirdita">Republic of Mirdita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_protectorate_over_Albania" title="Italian protectorate over Albania">Italian protectorate (southern)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Durr%C3%ABs" title="Congress of Durrës">Congress of Durrës</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vlora_War" title="Vlora War">Vlora War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Lushnj%C3%AB" title="Congress of Lushnjë">Congress of Lushnjë</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_protectorate_over_Albania" title="Italian protectorate over Albania">Italian protectorate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Albania#June_Revolution" title="History of Albania">June Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Albania" title="Principality of Albania">Principality (Regency)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Republic_(1925%E2%80%931928)" title="Albanian Republic (1925–1928)">Albanian Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Kingdom_(1928%E2%80%931939)" title="Albanian Kingdom (1928–1939)">Albanian Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_protectorate_of_Albania_(1939%E2%80%931943)" title="Italian protectorate of Albania (1939–1943)">Albania under Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_Albania" title="German occupation of Albania">German occupation of Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_in_Albania" title="World War II in Albania">World War II in Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_League_of_Prizren" title="Second League of Prizren">Second League of Prizren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberation_Day_(Albania)" title="Liberation Day (Albania)">Liberation Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Socialist_Republic_of_Albania" title="People's Socialist Republic of Albania">Socialist Albania</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #eee;color: var(--color-base)">Contemporary</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Post-Communist_Albania" title="History of Post-Communist Albania">Post-communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_Albanian_civil_unrest" title="1997 Albanian civil unrest">1997 Albanian civil unrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Republic of Albania</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #eee;color: var(--color-base)">Topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_art" title="Albanian art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Albania" title="Constitution of Albania">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Albania" title="Economy of Albania">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Armed_Forces" title="Albanian Armed Forces">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_name" title="Albanian name">Names</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Albanian_history" title="Timeline of Albanian history">Timeline</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:History_of_Albania" title="Template:History of Albania"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:History_of_Albania" title="Template talk:History of Albania"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:History_of_Albania" title="Special:EditPage/Template:History of Albania"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The League of Lezhë was the basis for an Albanian state.<sup id="cite_ref-Sugar20122_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sugar20122-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The formation of the League meant that for the first time, Albania was united under an Albanian leader.<sup id="cite_ref-FineFine19942_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FineFine19942-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some historians regard the League as an independent Albanian state.<sup id="cite_ref-PickardÇeliku20082_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PickardÇeliku20082-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Others do not accept this view, saying that it was only a military league.<sup id="cite_ref-Biçoku20093_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Biçoku20093-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the League provided the basic elements of Albanian unity.<sup id="cite_ref-Sedlar_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sedlar-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Skanderbeg and the League of Lezhë have become part of <a href="/wiki/Albanian_historiography" class="mw-redirect" title="Albanian historiography">Albanian historiography</a>. That period of history, categorized as a pre-communist time, is seen by many as mythical and unchallengeable. In these cases, struggles against the Ottoman Empire and other foreign powers and processes of national self-definition support the ideological framework linked to that period.<sup id="cite_ref-Todorova2004_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Todorova2004-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Monarchs">Monarchs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=League_of_Lezh%C3%AB&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Monarchs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Picture </th> <th>Title and name </th> <th>Reign </th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ritratto_di_Giorgio_Scanderbeg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Ritratto_di_Giorgio_Scanderbeg.jpg/80px-Ritratto_di_Giorgio_Scanderbeg.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Ritratto_di_Giorgio_Scanderbeg.jpg/120px-Ritratto_di_Giorgio_Scanderbeg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Ritratto_di_Giorgio_Scanderbeg.jpg/160px-Ritratto_di_Giorgio_Scanderbeg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1805" data-file-height="2420" /></a></span></td> <td><i>Dominus Albaniae</i><br /><a href="/wiki/Skanderbeg" title="Skanderbeg">Gjergj Kastrioti</a></td> <td>1444–1468</td> <td>Skanderbeg initiated the League of Lezhë in 1444 by bringing together prominent <a href="/wiki/Albanian_nobility" title="Albanian nobility">Albanian noble families</a> in the city of <a href="/wiki/Lezh%C3%AB" title="Lezhë">Lezhë</a>. Proclaiming himself "Chief of the League of the Albanian People", Skanderbeg secured the support of the Albanian nobility to form a united front against the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lek%C3%AB_Dukagjini_(portret).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Lek%C3%AB_Dukagjini_%28portret%29.jpg/80px-Lek%C3%AB_Dukagjini_%28portret%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Lek%C3%AB_Dukagjini_%28portret%29.jpg/120px-Lek%C3%AB_Dukagjini_%28portret%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Lek%C3%AB_Dukagjini_%28portret%29.jpg/160px-Lek%C3%AB_Dukagjini_%28portret%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2062" data-file-height="2868" /></a></span></td> <td>Prince of Dukagjini<br /><a href="/wiki/Lek%C3%AB_Dukagjini" title="Lekë Dukagjini">Lekë Dukagjini</a></td> <td>1468–1479</td> <td>As the last ruler of the League of Lezhë, Lekë played a pivotal role in sustaining Albanian resistance to the Ottoman Empire after Skanderbeg's death in 1468. Despite internal challenges and the eventual capture of <a href="/wiki/Shkod%C3%ABr" title="Shkodër">Shkodër</a> by the Ottomans in 1479, Dukagjini's leadership was instrumental in the League's efforts to maintain its independence and resist Ottoman conquest. </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=League_of_Lezh%C3%AB&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Brisku2013-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Brisku2013_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAdrian_Brisku2013" class="citation book cs1">Adrian Brisku (30 August 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1TPUAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA21"><i>Bittersweet Europe: Albanian and Georgian Discourses on Europe, 1878–2008</i></a>. Berghahn Books. p. 21. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85745-985-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85745-985-5"><bdi>978-0-85745-985-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bittersweet+Europe%3A+Albanian+and+Georgian+Discourses+on+Europe%2C+1878%E2%80%932008&rft.pages=21&rft.pub=Berghahn+Books&rft.date=2013-08-30&rft.isbn=978-0-85745-985-5&rft.au=Adrian+Brisku&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1TPUAAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA21&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeague+of+Lezh%C3%AB" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Babinger19922-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Babinger19922_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBabinger1992" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Franz_Babinger" title="Franz Babinger">Babinger, Franz</a> (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PPxC6rO7vvsC&pg=PA153"><i>Mehmed the Conqueror and His Time</i></a>. Princeton University Press. p. 54. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-691-01078-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-691-01078-1"><bdi>0-691-01078-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160518181318/https://books.google.com/books?id=PPxC6rO7vvsC&pg=PA153">Archived</a> from the original on 18 May 2016. <q>... a solid military alliance was concluded among all the Albanian chieftains along the Adriatic coast from southern Epirus to the Bosnian border.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mehmed+the+Conqueror+and+His+Time&rft.pages=54&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=0-691-01078-1&rft.aulast=Babinger&rft.aufirst=Franz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPPxC6rO7vvsC%26pg%3DPA153&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeague+of+Lezh%C3%AB" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Frazee2006-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Frazee2006_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrazee2006" class="citation book cs1">Frazee, Charles A. (22 June 2006). <i>Catholics and Sultans: The Church and the Ottoman Empire 1453–1923</i>. Cambridge University Press. p. 33.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Catholics+and+Sultans%3A+The+Church+and+the+Ottoman+Empire+1453%E2%80%931923&rft.pages=33&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2006-06-22&rft.aulast=Frazee&rft.aufirst=Charles+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeague+of+Lezh%C3%AB" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AslanEbrahim2016-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AslanEbrahim2016_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdnan_AslanRanja_EbrahimMarcia_Hermansen2016" class="citation book cs1">Ednan Aslan; Ranja Ebrahim; Marcia Hermansen (2016). <i>Islam, Religions, and Pluralism in Europe</i>. Springer. p. 237.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islam%2C+Religions%2C+and+Pluralism+in+Europe&rft.pages=237&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2016&rft.au=Ednan+Aslan&rft.au=Ranja+Ebrahim&rft.au=Marcia+Hermansen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeague+of+Lezh%C3%AB" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESyla201910-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESyla201910_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSyla2019">Syla 2019</a>, p. 10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Biçoku20093-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Biçoku20093_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Biçoku20093_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Biçoku20093_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBiçoku2009" class="citation book cs1">Biçoku, Kasem (2009). <i>Kastriotët në Dardani</i>. Prishtinë: Albanica. pp. 111–116. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9951-8735-4-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-9951-8735-4-3"><bdi>978-9951-8735-4-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kastriot%C3%ABt+n%C3%AB+Dardani&rft.place=Prishtin%C3%AB&rft.pages=111-116&rft.pub=Albanica&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-9951-8735-4-3&rft.aulast=Bi%C3%A7oku&rft.aufirst=Kasem&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeague+of+Lezh%C3%AB" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Somel20102-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Somel20102_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSomel2010" class="citation book cs1">Somel, Selcuk Aksin (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tBoyoNNKh78C&pg=PA14"><i>The A to Z of the Ottoman Empire</i></a>. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 14. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-7579-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-7579-1"><bdi>978-0-8108-7579-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180301101839/https://books.google.com/books?id=tBoyoNNKh78C&pg=PA14">Archived</a> from the original on 1 March 2018. <q>...the Ottomans supported Lord Carlo Thopia against Balsha II, defeating the latter...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+A+to+Z+of+the+Ottoman+Empire&rft.pages=14&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-8108-7579-1&rft.aulast=Somel&rft.aufirst=Selcuk+Aksin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtBoyoNNKh78C%26pg%3DPA14&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeague+of+Lezh%C3%AB" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gibbons20132-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gibbons20132_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGibbons2013" class="citation book cs1">Gibbons, Herbert Adam (21 August 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LQiAAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA159"><i>The Foundation of the Ottoman Empire: A History of the Osmanlis Up To the Death of Bayezid I 1300–1403</i></a>. Routledge. p. 159. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-135-02982-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-135-02982-1"><bdi>978-1-135-02982-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161203035746/https://books.google.com/books?id=LQiAAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA159">Archived</a> from the original on 3 December 2016. <q>...In 1385, Khaireddin pasha... was invited by Charles Thopia, lord of Durazzo, to aid him in a war against Balsa...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Foundation+of+the+Ottoman+Empire%3A+A+History+of+the+Osmanlis+Up+To+the+Death+of+Bayezid+I+1300%E2%80%931403&rft.pages=159&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013-08-21&rft.isbn=978-1-135-02982-1&rft.aulast=Gibbons&rft.aufirst=Herbert+Adam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLQiAAAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA159&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeague+of+Lezh%C3%AB" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESedlar1994264-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESedlar1994264_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSedlar1994">Sedlar 1994</a>, p. 264.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFrashëri1964">Frashëri 1964</a>, p. 57</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNoli1947">Noli 1947</a>, p. ? <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (March 2015)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nolip19-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Nolip19_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNoli1947">Noli 1947</a>, p. 36</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Schmitt-297-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Schmitt-297_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schmitt-297_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schmitt-297_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schmitt-297_13-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSchmitt2001">Schmitt 2001</a>, p. 297<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Nikola und Paul Dukagjin, Leka Zaharia von Dagno, Peter Span, Herr der Berge hinter Drivasto, Georg Strez Balsha sowie Johann und Gojko Balsha, die sich zwischen Kruja und Alessio festgesetzt hatten, die Dushman von Klein-Polatum sowie Stefan (Stefanica) Crnojevic, der Herr der Oberzeta</p></blockquote></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNoli1947">Noli 1947</a>, p. 36<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p> Andrea Thopia of Scuria between Tirana and Durazzo with his nephew, Tanush Thopia</p></blockquote></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Frazee20062-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Frazee20062_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Frazee20062_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Frazee20062_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrazee2006" class="citation book cs1">Frazee, Charles A. (22 June 2006). <i>Catholics and Sultans: The Church and the Ottoman Empire 1453–1923</i>. Cambridge University Press. p. 33.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Catholics+and+Sultans%3A+The+Church+and+the+Ottoman+Empire+1453%E2%80%931923&rft.pages=33&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2006-06-22&rft.aulast=Frazee&rft.aufirst=Charles+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeague+of+Lezh%C3%AB" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSedlar1994">Sedlar 1994</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Even this was loose association of the territorial lords who felt free to go their own way if they so choose. The League functioned only in military domain, never as government, although it did provide the first rudiments of Albanian unity.</p></blockquote><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (February 2021)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AslanEbrahim20162-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AslanEbrahim20162_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdnan_AslanRanja_EbrahimMarcia_Hermansen2016" class="citation book cs1">Ednan Aslan; Ranja Ebrahim; Marcia Hermansen (2016). <i>Islam, Religions, and Pluralism in Europe</i>. Springer. p. 237.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islam%2C+Religions%2C+and+Pluralism+in+Europe&rft.pages=237&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2016&rft.au=Ednan+Aslan&rft.au=Ranja+Ebrahim&rft.au=Marcia+Hermansen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeague+of+Lezh%C3%AB" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFox1993" class="citation cs2">Fox, Robert (1993), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GGwTAQAAIAAJ"><i>The inner sea: the Mediterranean and its people</i></a>, Alfred A. Knopf, p. 195, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780394574523" title="Special:BookSources/9780394574523"><bdi>9780394574523</bdi></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170913063211/https://books.google.com/books?id=GGwTAQAAIAAJ">archived</a> from the original on 13 September 2017</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+inner+sea%3A+the+Mediterranean+and+its+people&rft.pages=195&rft.pub=Alfred+A.+Knopf&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=9780394574523&rft.aulast=Fox&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGGwTAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeague+of+Lezh%C3%AB" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVlora1956" class="citation cs2">Vlora, Ekrem Bey (1956), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111124031209/http://www.albanianhistory.net/texts20_2/AH1956_1.html"><i>The Ruling Families of Albania in the pre-Ottoman Period in: Contributions to the History of Turkish Rule in Albania: an Historical Sketch</i></a>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.albanianhistory.net/texts20_2/AH1956_1.html">the original</a> on 24 November 2011</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ruling+Families+of+Albania+in+the+pre-Ottoman+Period+in%3A+Contributions+to+the+History+of+Turkish+Rule+in+Albania%3A+an+Historical+Sketch&rft.date=1956&rft.aulast=Vlora&rft.aufirst=Ekrem+Bey&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.albanianhistory.net%2Ftexts20_2%2FAH1956_1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeague+of+Lezh%C3%AB" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFrashëri1964">Frashëri 1964</a>, p. 71 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Scanderbeg too kept his domain. As president of the League he was merely primus inter pares. He had no right to interfere with the affairs of the domains of other nobles.</p></blockquote></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=C6AWAQAAMAAJ"><i>Österreichische Osthefte</i></a>. Österreichisches Ost- und Südosteuropa-Institut. 2003. p. 123. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180301101840/https://books.google.com/books?id=C6AWAQAAMAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 1 March 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 June</span> 2013</span>. <q>Skanderbeg, der scheinbar dabei war, seine Rolle als primus inter pares zu verlassen und sich zum Herren des ganzen nichtosmanischen Albanien zu machen, stieß auf zunehmenden Widerstand.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%C3%96sterreichische+Osthefte&rft.pages=123&rft.pub=%C3%96sterreichisches+Ost-+und+S%C3%BCdosteuropa-Institut&rft.date=2003&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DC6AWAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeague+of+Lezh%C3%AB" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GibbLewis19732-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GibbLewis19732_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGibbLewisPellatSchacht1973" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Sir_Hamilton_Alexander_Rosskeen_Gibb" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Hamilton Alexander Rosskeen Gibb">Gibb, Sir Hamilton Alexander Rosskeen</a>; <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Lewis" title="Bernard Lewis">Lewis, Bernard</a>; <a href="/wiki/Charles_Pellat" title="Charles Pellat">Pellat, Charles</a>; Schacht, Joseph (1973). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kIjrAAAAMAAJ"><i>The Encyclopaedia of Islam</i></a>. Brill. p. 139. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130527220307/http://books.google.com/books?id=kIjrAAAAMAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 27 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopaedia+of+Islam&rft.pages=139&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=1973&rft.aulast=Gibb&rft.aufirst=Sir+Hamilton+Alexander+Rosskeen&rft.au=Lewis%2C+Bernard&rft.au=Pellat%2C+Charles&rft.au=Schacht%2C+Joseph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkIjrAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeague+of+Lezh%C3%AB" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Skendi19802-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Skendi19802_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStavro_Skendi1980" class="citation book cs1">Stavro Skendi (1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JWBiAAAAMAAJ"><i>Balkan Cultural Studies</i></a>. East European Monographs. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-914710-66-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-914710-66-0"><bdi>978-0-914710-66-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180301101840/https://books.google.com/books?id=JWBiAAAAMAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 1 March 2018. <q>With this network of treaties, the League of Alessio was placed under King Alphonse V, with Skenderbeg as Captain General.78 When Musachi Thopia was apparently reluctant to collaborate with Skenderbeg, the King of Naples reminded him ...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Balkan+Cultural+Studies&rft.pub=East+European+Monographs&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=978-0-914710-66-0&rft.au=Stavro+Skendi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJWBiAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeague+of+Lezh%C3%AB" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrashëri2002139-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrashëri2002139_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFrashëri2002">Frashëri 2002</a>, p. 139.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrancione2006310-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrancione2006310_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFrancione2006">Francione 2006</a>, p. 310.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrancione2006?-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrancione2006?_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrancione2006?_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrancione2006?_26-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFrancione2006">Francione 2006</a>, p. ?.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Akademia_e_Shkencave_e_Shqipërisë_2002_412-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Akademia_e_Shkencave_e_Shqipërisë_2002_412_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Akademia_e_Shkencave_e_Shqipërisë_2002_412_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAkademia_e_Shkencave_e_Shqipërisë2002">Akademia e Shkencave e Shqipërisë 2002</a>, p. 412</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Castellan19922-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Castellan19922_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeorges_Castellan1992" class="citation book cs1">Georges Castellan (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1G5pAAAAMAAJ"><i>History of the Balkans: From Mohammed the Conqueror to Stalin</i></a>. East European Monographs. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88033-222-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-88033-222-4"><bdi>978-0-88033-222-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180301101840/https://books.google.com/books?id=1G5pAAAAMAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 1 March 2018. <q>In Albania the Ottomans continued to be confronted by Skanderbeg and feudal lords who in 1444 had formed the League of Alessio (Lezha). Yet this was a precarious alliance and ...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Balkans%3A+From+Mohammed+the+Conqueror+to+Stalin&rft.pub=East+European+Monographs&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-88033-222-4&rft.au=Georges+Castellan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1G5pAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeague+of+Lezh%C3%AB" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ElsieSchmitt2-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ElsieSchmitt2_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160313203243/http://albanianhistory.net/texts21/AH2008_2.html">"Oliver Jens Schmitt—Scanderbeg, an Uprising and its Leader"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.albanianhistory.net/texts21/AH2008_2.html">the original</a> on 13 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Oliver+Jens+Schmitt%E2%80%94Scanderbeg%2C+an+Uprising+and+its+Leader&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.albanianhistory.net%2Ftexts21%2FAH2008_2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeague+of+Lezh%C3%AB" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBozbora2002" class="citation cs2">Bozbora, Nuray (2002), <a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shqip%C3%ABria_dhe_nacionalizmi_shqiptar_n%C3%AB_Perandorin%C3%AB_Osmane" class="extiw" title="sq:Shqipëria dhe nacionalizmi shqiptar në Perandorinë Osmane"><i>Shqipëria dhe nacionalizmi shqiptar në Perandorinë Osmane</i></a>, Shqipëria: Tirana, p. 79, <q>Por të pafuqishëm për t'i bërë ballë fuqisë së Skënderbeut, si rrugëdalje ata gjetën shkëputjen nga Lidhja. Të parët që ndërmorën një veprim të tillë ishin Pjetër Spani dhe Gjergj Dushmani.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shqip%C3%ABria+dhe+nacionalizmi+shqiptar+n%C3%AB+Perandorin%C3%AB+Osmane&rft.place=Shqip%C3%ABria&rft.pages=79&rft.pub=Tirana&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Bozbora&rft.aufirst=Nuray&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeague+of+Lezh%C3%AB" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrashëri196478-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrashëri196478_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFrashëri1964">Frashëri 1964</a>, p. 78.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHousley1992">Housley 1992</a>, p. 90</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFine1994">Fine 1994</a>, p. 558</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLane–Poole1888" class="citation cs2">Lane–Poole, Stanley (1888), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PqYCAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA135"><i>The story of Turkey</i></a>, G.P. Putnam's sons, p. 135, <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/398296">398296</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160530152640/https://books.google.com/books?id=PqYCAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA135">archived</a> from the original on 30 May 2016</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+story+of+Turkey&rft.pages=135&rft.pub=G.P.+Putnam%27s+sons&rft.date=1888&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F398296&rft.aulast=Lane%E2%80%93Poole&rft.aufirst=Stanley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPqYCAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA135&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeague+of+Lezh%C3%AB" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sugar20122-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sugar20122_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeter_F._Sugar2012" class="citation book cs1">Peter F. Sugar (2012) [1st pub. 1977]. <i>Southeastern Europe under Ottoman Rule, 1354–1804</i>. University of Washington Press. p. 67.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Southeastern+Europe+under+Ottoman+Rule%2C+1354%E2%80%931804&rft.pages=67&rft.pub=University+of+Washington+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.au=Peter+F.+Sugar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeague+of+Lezh%C3%AB" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FineFine19942-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FineFine19942_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_Van_Antwerp_Fine1994" class="citation book cs1">John Van Antwerp Fine (1994). <i>The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest</i>. University of Michigan Press. p. 557.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Late+Medieval+Balkans%3A+A+Critical+Survey+from+the+Late+Twelfth+Century+to+the+Ottoman+Conquest&rft.pages=557&rft.pub=University+of+Michigan+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.au=John+Van+Antwerp+Fine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeague+of+Lezh%C3%AB" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PickardÇeliku20082-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PickardÇeliku20082_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPickardÇeliku2008" class="citation book cs1">Pickard, Rob; Çeliku, Florent (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Bi8fjENzJacC&pg=PA16"><i>Analysis and reform of cultural heritage policies in South-East Europe</i></a>. Council of Europe. p. 16. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-92-871-6265-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-92-871-6265-6"><bdi>978-92-871-6265-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140628200232/http://books.google.com/books?id=Bi8fjENzJacC&pg=PA16">Archived</a> from the original on 28 June 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 February</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Analysis+and+reform+of+cultural+heritage+policies+in+South-East+Europe&rft.pages=16&rft.pub=Council+of+Europe&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-92-871-6265-6&rft.aulast=Pickard&rft.aufirst=Rob&rft.au=%C3%87eliku%2C+Florent&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBi8fjENzJacC%26pg%3DPA16&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeague+of+Lezh%C3%AB" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sedlar-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sedlar_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3o5lrvuwOVwC&q=League&pg=PA249">Jean W Sedlar, "East Central Europe in the Middle Ages, 1000–1500", University of Washington Press, 1994, p. 26</a>: "<i>Even this was loose association of the territorial lords who felt free to go their own way if they so choose. The League functioned only in military domain, never as government, although it did provide the first rudiments of Albanian unity.</i>"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Todorova2004-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Todorova2004_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarii͡a_Nikolaeva_Todorova2004" class="citation book cs1">Marii͡a Nikolaeva Todorova (2004). <i>Balkan Identities: Nation and Memory</i>. C. Hurst & Co. Publishers. p. 104.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Balkan+Identities%3A+Nation+and+Memory&rft.pages=104&rft.pub=C.+Hurst+%26+Co.+Publishers&rft.date=2004&rft.au=Marii%CD%A1a+Nikolaeva+Todorova&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeague+of+Lezh%C3%AB" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=League_of_Lezh%C3%AB&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAkademia_e_Shkencave_e_Shqipërisë2002" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Akademia e Shkencave e Shqipërisë, Instituti i Historisë; K. Prifti; Xh. Gjeçovi; M. Korkuti; G. Shpuza; S. Anamali; K. Biçoku; F. Duka; S. Islami; S. Naçi; F. Prendi; S. Pulaha; P. Xhufi (2002), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UlUtAQAAIAAJ&q=Historia+e+popullit+shqiptar"><i>Historia e Popullit Shqiptar (Vëllimi I)</i></a> (in Albanian), Tirana, Albania: Toena, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/99927-1-622-3" title="Special:BookSources/99927-1-622-3"><bdi>99927-1-622-3</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historia+e+Popullit+Shqiptar+%28V%C3%ABllimi+I%29&rft.place=Tirana%2C+Albania&rft.pub=Toena&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=99927-1-622-3&rft.au=Akademia+e+Shkencave+e+Shqip%C3%ABris%C3%AB%2C+Instituti+i+Historis%C3%AB&rft.au=K.+Prifti&rft.au=Xh.+Gje%C3%A7ovi&rft.au=M.+Korkuti&rft.au=G.+Shpuza&rft.au=S.+Anamali&rft.au=K.+Bi%C3%A7oku&rft.au=F.+Duka&rft.au=S.+Islami&rft.au=S.+Na%C3%A7i&rft.au=F.+Prendi&rft.au=S.+Pulaha&rft.au=P.+Xhufi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUlUtAQAAIAAJ%26q%3DHistoria%2Be%2Bpopullit%2Bshqiptar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeague+of+Lezh%C3%AB" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSyla2019" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Syla, Sabit (2019). "Introduction [Hapja]". In Syla, Sabit; Verli, Marenglen; Asani, Skënder; Berisha, Gjon (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ih-rks.org/konferencat-shkencore/5.%20Gjergj%20Kastrioti-Sk%C3%ABnderbeu%20n%C3%AB%20550-vjetorin%20e%20vdekjes,%20IH_Prishtin%C3%AB,%202019.pdf"><i>Gjergj Kastrioti - Skënderbeu në 550-vjetorin e vdekjes: (materiale nga Konferenca shkencore ndërkombëtare "Gjergj Kastrioti - Skënderbeu në 550-vjetorin e vdekjes", mbajtur në Prishtinë, më 16 tetor 2018)</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Albanian). Institute of history "Ali Hadri". <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9951409803" title="Special:BookSources/978-9951409803"><bdi>978-9951409803</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Introduction+%5BHapja%5D&rft.btitle=Gjergj+Kastrioti+-+Sk%C3%ABnderbeu+n%C3%AB+550-vjetorin+e+vdekjes%3A+%28materiale+nga+Konferenca+shkencore+nd%C3%ABrkomb%C3%ABtare+%22Gjergj+Kastrioti+-+Sk%C3%ABnderbeu+n%C3%AB+550-vjetorin+e+vdekjes%22%2C+mbajtur+n%C3%AB+Prishtin%C3%AB%2C+m%C3%AB+16+tetor+2018%29&rft.pub=Institute+of+history+%22Ali+Hadri%22&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-9951409803&rft.aulast=Syla&rft.aufirst=Sabit&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fih-rks.org%2Fkonferencat-shkencore%2F5.%2520Gjergj%2520Kastrioti-Sk%25C3%25ABnderbeu%2520n%25C3%25AB%2520550-vjetorin%2520e%2520vdekjes%2C%2520IH_Prishtin%25C3%25AB%2C%25202019.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeague+of+Lezh%C3%AB" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarletius1508" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Barletius, Marinus (1508), <i>Historia de vita et gestis Scanderbegi Epirotarum Principis</i> (in Latin), Bernardinus de Vitalibus, <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/645065473">645065473</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historia+de+vita+et+gestis+Scanderbegi+Epirotarum+Principis&rft.pub=Bernardinus+de+Vitalibus&rft.date=1508&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F645065473&rft.aulast=Barletius&rft.aufirst=Marinus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeague+of+Lezh%C3%AB" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBožić1979" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Božić, Ivan (1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SnkBAAAAMAAJ"><i>Nemirno pomorje XV veka</i></a> (in Serbian). Belgrade: Srpska književna zadruga. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/5845972">5845972</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 February</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nemirno+pomorje+XV+veka&rft.place=Belgrade&rft.pub=Srpska+knji%C5%BEevna+zadruga&rft.date=1979&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F5845972&rft.aulast=Bo%C5%BEi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Ivan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSnkBAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeague+of+Lezh%C3%AB" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFine1994" class="citation cs2">Fine, John Van Antwerp (1994), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LvVbRrH1QBgC"><i>The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest</i></a>, University of Michigan Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-472-08260-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-472-08260-5"><bdi>978-0-472-08260-5</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Late+Medieval+Balkans%3A+A+Critical+Survey+from+the+Late+Twelfth+Century+to+the+Ottoman+Conquest&rft.pub=University+of+Michigan+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-472-08260-5&rft.aulast=Fine&rft.aufirst=John+Van+Antwerp&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLvVbRrH1QBgC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeague+of+Lezh%C3%AB" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrancione2006" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Francione, Gennaro (2006) [2003], Aliaj, Donika (ed.), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bksh.al/adlib/scripts/wwwopac.exe?DATABASE=books&OPAC_URL=/adlib/expert/index_al.html&LANGUAGE=1&%250=33427&LIMIT=50"><i>Skënderbeu, një hero modern: (Hero multimedial)</i></a> [<i>Skanderbeg, a modern hero (Hero multimedia)</i>] (in Albanian), Translated by Tasim Aliaj, <a href="/wiki/Tirana" title="Tirana">Tiranë, Albania</a>: Shtëpia botuese "Naim Frashëri", <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/99927-38-75-8" title="Special:BookSources/99927-38-75-8"><bdi>99927-38-75-8</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sk%C3%ABnderbeu%2C+nj%C3%AB+hero+modern%3A+%28Hero+multimedial%29&rft.place=Tiran%C3%AB%2C+Albania&rft.pub=Sht%C3%ABpia+botuese+%22Naim+Frash%C3%ABri%22&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=99927-38-75-8&rft.aulast=Francione&rft.aufirst=Gennaro&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bksh.al%2Fadlib%2Fscripts%2Fwwwopac.exe%3FDATABASE%3Dbooks%26OPAC_URL%3D%2Fadlib%2Fexpert%2Findex_al.html%26LANGUAGE%3D1%26%25250%3D33427%26LIMIT%3D50&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeague+of+Lezh%C3%AB" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrashëri1964" class="citation cs2">Frashëri, Kristo (1964), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hXMKAQAAIAAJ"><i>The history of Albania: a brief survey</i></a>, s.n., <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1738885">1738885</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+history+of+Albania%3A+a+brief+survey&rft.pub=s.n.&rft.date=1964&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1738885&rft.aulast=Frash%C3%ABri&rft.aufirst=Kristo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhXMKAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeague+of+Lezh%C3%AB" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrashëri2002" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Frashëri, Kristo (2002), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vwR3PQAACAAJ"><i>Gjergj Kastrioti Skënderbeu: jeta dhe vepra, 1405–1468</i></a> (in Albanian), Botimet Toena, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/99927-1-627-4" title="Special:BookSources/99927-1-627-4"><bdi>99927-1-627-4</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gjergj+Kastrioti+Sk%C3%ABnderbeu%3A+jeta+dhe+vepra%2C+1405%E2%80%931468&rft.pub=Botimet+Toena&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=99927-1-627-4&rft.aulast=Frash%C3%ABri&rft.aufirst=Kristo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvwR3PQAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeague+of+Lezh%C3%AB" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHousley1992" class="citation cs2">Housley, Norman (1992), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JQP2F2q9xDkC"><i>The later Crusades, 1274–1580: from Lyons to Alcazar</i></a>, Oxford University Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-822136-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-822136-4"><bdi>978-0-19-822136-4</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+later+Crusades%2C+1274%E2%80%931580%3A+from+Lyons+to+Alcazar&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-19-822136-4&rft.aulast=Housley&rft.aufirst=Norman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJQP2F2q9xDkC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeague+of+Lezh%C3%AB" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNicol1993" class="citation cs2">Nicol, Donald MacGillivray (1993), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=y2d6OHLqwEsC"><i>The last centuries of Byzantium, 1261-1453</i></a>, Cambridge University Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-43991-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-43991-6"><bdi>978-0-521-43991-6</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+last+centuries+of+Byzantium%2C+1261-1453&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-521-43991-6&rft.aulast=Nicol&rft.aufirst=Donald+MacGillivray&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dy2d6OHLqwEsC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeague+of+Lezh%C3%AB" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNoli1947" class="citation cs2">Noli, Fan Stilian (1947), <i>George Castrioti Scanderbeg (1405-1468)</i>, International Universities Press, <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/732882">732882</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=George+Castrioti+Scanderbeg+%281405-1468%29&rft.pub=International+Universities+Press&rft.date=1947&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F732882&rft.aulast=Noli&rft.aufirst=Fan+Stilian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeague+of+Lezh%C3%AB" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchmitt2001" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Jens_Schmitt" class="mw-redirect" title="Oliver Jens Schmitt">Schmitt, Oliver Jens</a> (2001), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eKKS3u7iPWcC"><i>Das venezianische Albanien (1392–1479)</i></a>, München: R. Oldenbourg Verlag GmbH München, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-486-56569-9" title="Special:BookSources/3-486-56569-9"><bdi>3-486-56569-9</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Das+venezianische+Albanien+%281392%E2%80%931479%29&rft.place=M%C3%BCnchen&rft.pub=R.+Oldenbourg+Verlag+GmbH+M%C3%BCnchen&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=3-486-56569-9&rft.aulast=Schmitt&rft.aufirst=Oliver+Jens&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DeKKS3u7iPWcC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeague+of+Lezh%C3%AB" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSedlar1994" class="citation cs2">Sedlar, Jean W. (1994), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ANdbpi1WAIQC"><i>A history of East Central Europe: East Central Europe in the Middle Ages, 1000-1500</i></a>, University of Washington Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-295-97290-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-295-97290-9"><bdi>978-0-295-97290-9</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+history+of+East+Central+Europe%3A+East+Central+Europe+in+the+Middle+Ages%2C+1000-1500&rft.pub=University+of+Washington+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-295-97290-9&rft.aulast=Sedlar&rft.aufirst=Jean+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DANdbpi1WAIQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeague+of+Lezh%C3%AB" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSetton1976" class="citation cs2">Setton, Kenneth M. (1976), <i>The papacy and the Levant, 1204-1571: The thirteenth and fourteenth centuries</i>, American Philosophical Society, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87169-127-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87169-127-9"><bdi>978-0-87169-127-9</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+papacy+and+the+Levant%2C+1204-1571%3A+The+thirteenth+and+fourteenth+centuries&rft.pub=American+Philosophical+Society&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=978-0-87169-127-9&rft.aulast=Setton&rft.aufirst=Kenneth+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeague+of+Lezh%C3%AB" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Members_of_the_League_of_Lezhë" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Members_of_the_League_of_Lezh%C3%AB" title="Template:Members of the League of Lezhë"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Members_of_the_League_of_Lezh%C3%AB" title="Template talk:Members of the League of Lezhë"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Members_of_the_League_of_Lezh%C3%AB" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Members of the League of Lezhë"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Members_of_the_League_of_Lezhë" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Members of the League of Lezhë</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Misia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Strez_Bal%C5%A1i%C4%87" title="George Strez Balšić">George Strez Balšić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bal%C5%A1i%C4%87" class="mw-redirect" title="John Balšić">John Balšić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gojko_Bal%C5%A1i%C4%87" title="Gojko Balšić">Gojko Balšić</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sati_(castle)" title="Sati (castle)">Sati</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dagnum" title="Dagnum">Dagnum</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Lord <a href="/wiki/Lek%C3%AB_Zaharia" title="Lekë Zaharia">Lekë Zaharia</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Pal_Dukagjini" title="Pal Dukagjini">Pal Dukagjini</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Dukagjini" title="Nicholas Dukagjini">Nicholas Dukagjini</a> - Initially Zaharia's vassals)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">territory between <a href="/wiki/Shkod%C3%ABr" title="Shkodër">Shkodër</a> and <a href="/wiki/Drivast" class="mw-redirect" title="Drivast">Drivastum</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Spani_(League_of_Lezh%C3%AB)" title="Peter Spani (League of Lezhë)">Peter Spani</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Zadrima" title="Zadrima">Zadrima</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pult" title="Pult">Pult</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lek%C3%AB_Dushmani" title="Lekë Dushmani">Lekë Dushmani</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lordship_of_Zeta_under_the_Crnojevi%C4%87i" class="mw-redirect" title="Lordship of Zeta under the Crnojevići">Zeta</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Lord <a href="/wiki/Stefan_Crnojevi%C4%87" title="Stefan Crnojević">Stefan Crnojević</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Scuria</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrea_Thopia" class="mw-redirect" title="Andrea Thopia">Andrea Thopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanush_Thopia" title="Tanush Thopia">Tanush Thopia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Arianiti_family" title="Arianiti family">Arianiti</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gjergj_Arianiti" title="Gjergj Arianiti">Gjergj Arianiti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Muzaka" title="Principality of Muzaka">Muzaka</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theodor_Corona_Musachi" title="Theodor Corona Musachi">Theodor Corona Musachi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Albanian_Principalities_in_the_Middle_Ages" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Medieval_Albanian_Principalities" title="Template:Medieval Albanian Principalities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Medieval_Albanian_Principalities" title="Template talk:Medieval Albanian Principalities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Medieval_Albanian_Principalities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Medieval Albanian Principalities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Albanian_Principalities_in_the_Middle_Ages" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Albanian_principalities" title="Albanian principalities">Albanian Principalities</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Arbanon" title="Principality of Arbanon">Principality of Arbanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Albania_(medieval)" title="Principality of Albania (medieval)">Principality of Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gropa_family" title="Gropa family">Principality of Gropa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arianiti_family" title="Arianiti family">Principality of Arianiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Muzaka" title="Principality of Muzaka">Principality of Muzaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mataranga_family" title="Mataranga family">Principality of Matranga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Spata" class="mw-redirect" title="John Spata">Despotate of Angelokastron and Lepanto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Despotate_of_Arta" title="Despotate of Arta">Despotate of Arta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zenevisi_family" title="Zenevisi family">Principality of Zenebishi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Dukagjini" title="Principality of Dukagjini">Principality of Dukagjini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Kastrioti" title="Principality of Kastrioti">Principality of Kastrioti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Albanians_under_the_Ottoman_Empire" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Albanians_under_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Template:Albanians under the Ottoman Empire"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Albanians_under_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Template talk:Albanians under the Ottoman Empire"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Albanians_under_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Albanians under the Ottoman Empire"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Albanians_under_the_Ottoman_Empire" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Albanians under the Ottoman Empire</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Albania_under_the_Ottoman_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Albania under the Ottoman Empire">Background</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:right;;width:1%">Rebellion</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Skanderbeg%27s_rebellion" title="Skanderbeg's rebellion">Skanderbeg's rebellion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Skanderbeg%27s_Italian_expedition" title="Skanderbeg's Italian expedition">Italian expedition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skanderbeg%27s_Macedonian_campaign" title="Skanderbeg's Macedonian campaign">Macedonian campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_uprisings_in_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Albanian uprisings in the Ottoman Empire">Albanian revolts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_revolt_of_1432%E2%80%931436" title="Albanian revolt of 1432–1436">1432 – 36</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uprising_of_Dervish_Cara" title="Uprising of Dervish Cara">1843 – 44</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_revolt_of_1845" title="Albanian revolt of 1845">1845</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_revolt_of_1847" title="Albanian revolt of 1847">1847</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_revolt_of_1910" title="Albanian revolt of 1910">1910</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malissori_uprising" title="Malissori uprising">1911</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_revolt_of_1912" title="Albanian revolt of 1912">1912</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian%E2%80%93Venetian_War" title="Albanian–Venetian War">Albanian–Venetian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Pasha_of_Ioannina#Downfall" title="Ali Pasha of Ioannina">Ali Pasha's Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballaban%27s_campaign_of_1465" title="Ballaban's campaign of 1465">Ballaban's campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massacre_of_the_Albanian_Beys" title="Massacre of the Albanian Beys">Massacre of the Albanian Beys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmed_II%27s_first_Albanian_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Mehmed II's first Albanian campaign">Mehmed II's campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morea_revolt_of_1453%E2%80%931454" title="Morea revolt of 1453–1454">Morea revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Pasha_Bushatli#History" title="Mustafa Pasha Bushatli">Mustafa Pasha's Rebellion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:right;;width:1%">Battles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Albulena" title="Battle of Albulena">Albulena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ankara" title="Battle of Ankara">Ankara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_De%C3%A7iq" title="Battle of Deçiq">Deçiq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kosovo" title="Battle of Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lopate" title="Battle of Lopate">Lopate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lum%C3%AB" title="Battle of Lumë">Lumë</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Martini%C4%87i_(1796)" title="Battle of Martinići (1796)">Martinići</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Me%C3%A7ad_(1465)" title="Battle of Meçad (1465)">Meçad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mokra_(1445)" title="Battle of Mokra (1445)">Mokra I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mokra_(July_1462)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Mokra (July 1462)">Mokra II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Murino" title="Battle of Murino">Murino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nov%C5%A1i%C4%87e" title="Battle of Novšiće">Novšiće</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ohrid" title="Battle of Ohrid">Ohrid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Oranik_(1448)" title="Battle of Oranik (1448)">Oranik I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Oranik_(1456)" title="Battle of Oranik (1456)">Oranik II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Otonet%C3%AB" title="Battle of Otonetë">Otonetë</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Polog" title="Battle of Polog">Polog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Savra" title="Battle of Savra">Savra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Torvioll" title="Battle of Torvioll">Torvioll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ulcinj_(1880)" title="Battle of Ulcinj (1880)">Ulcinj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vaikal" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Vaikal">Vaikal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:right;;width:1%">Congregations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Dib%C3%ABr" title="Congress of Dibër">Dibër</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_of_Dibra" title="Convention of Dibra">Dibra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_of_Dukagjin" title="Convention of Dukagjin">Dukagjin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Elbasan" title="Congress of Elbasan">Elbasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frash%C3%ABr_Assembly_(1880)" title="Frashër Assembly (1880)">Frashër</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_of_Ku%C3%A7i" title="Convention of Kuçi">Kuçi</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lezhë</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Manastir" title="Congress of Manastir">Manastir I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Congress_of_Manastir" title="Second Congress of Manastir">Manastir II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_of_Mat" title="Convention of Mat">Mat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_Peja" title="League of Peja">Peja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Preveza" title="Assembly of Preveza">Preveza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_Prizren" title="League of Prizren">Prizren</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:right;;width:1%">Sieges</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Krujë <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Kruj%C3%AB_(1450)" title="Siege of Krujë (1450)">1450</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Kruj%C3%AB_(1466%E2%80%931467)" title="Siege of Krujë (1466–1467)">1466 – 67</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Kruj%C3%AB_(1467)" title="Siege of Krujë (1467)">1467</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Kruj%C3%AB_(1478)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Krujë (1478)">1477 – 78</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Berat_(1455)" title="Siege of Berat (1455)">Berat</a></li> <li>Shkodër <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Shkodra_(1474)" title="Siege of Shkodra (1474)">1474</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Shkodra" title="Siege of Shkodra">1478 – 79</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Scutari_(1912%E2%80%931913)" title="Siege of Scutari (1912–1913)">1912 – 13</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Svetigrad_(1448)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Svetigrad (1448)">Svetigrad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:right;;width:1%">Other events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_National_Awakening" title="Albanian National Awakening">Albanian Renaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armatoles" title="Armatoles">Armatoles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albania_during_the_Balkan_Wars" title="Albania during the Balkan Wars">Balkan Wars</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Massacres_of_Albanians_in_the_Balkan_Wars" title="Massacres of Albanians in the Balkan Wars">Massacres of Albanians in the Balkan Wars</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Albanian Declaration of Independence">Declaration of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janissary" title="Janissary">Janissary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bashi-bazouk" title="Bashi-bazouk">Bashi-Bazouk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devshirme" title="Devshirme">Devshirme</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%ABsonj%C3%ABtorja" title="Mësonjëtorja">Mësonjëtorja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_nationalism" title="Albanian nationalism">Nationalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_nationalism_in_Albania" title="Albanian nationalism in Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_nationalism_in_Kosovo" title="Albanian nationalism in Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_nationalism_in_North_Macedonia" title="Albanian nationalism in North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partition_of_Albania" title="Partition of Albania">Partition of Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_piracy" title="Albanian piracy">Piracy</a></li> <li>Principalities <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Dukagjini" title="Principality of Dukagjini">Dukagjini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Kastrioti" title="Principality of Kastrioti">Kastrioti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Muzaka" title="Principality of Muzaka">Muzaka</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rum_Millet" class="mw-redirect" title="Rum Millet">Rum Millet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myth_of_Skanderbeg" title="Myth of Skanderbeg">Skanderbeg myth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sipahi" title="Sipahi">Spahiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stratioti" title="Stratioti">Stratioti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vithkuqi_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Vithkuqi script">Vithkuqi script</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geography</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Eyalets <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ioannina_Eyalet" title="Ioannina Eyalet">Ioannina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumelia_Eyalet" title="Rumelia Eyalet">Rumelia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Pashaliks" title="Albanian Pashaliks">Pashaliks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pashalik_of_Berat" title="Pashalik of Berat">Berat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashalik_of_Scutari" title="Pashalik of Scutari">Scutari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashalik_of_Yanina" title="Pashalik of Yanina">Yanina</a></li></ul></li> <li>Sanjaks <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sanjak_of_Albania" title="Sanjak of Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanjak_of_Avlona" title="Sanjak of Avlona">Avlona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanjak_of_Delvina" title="Sanjak of Delvina">Delvina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanjak_of_Dibra" title="Sanjak of Dibra">Dibra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanjak_of_Elbasan" title="Sanjak of Elbasan">Elbasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanjak_of_G%C3%B6rice" title="Sanjak of Görice">Görice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanjak_of_Ioannina" title="Sanjak of Ioannina">Ioannina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanjak_of_Monastir" title="Sanjak of Monastir">Monastir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanjak_of_Ohrid" title="Sanjak of Ohrid">Ohrid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanjak_of_Scutari" title="Sanjak of Scutari">Scutari</a></li></ul></li> <li>Vilayets <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Vilayet" title="Albanian Vilayet">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janina_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Janina Vilayet">Janina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosovo Vilayet">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manastir_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Manastir Vilayet">Manastir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scutari_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Scutari Vilayet">Scutari</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:right;;width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Besa_(Albanian_culture)" title="Besa (Albanian culture)">Besa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamization_of_Albania" title="Islamization of Albania">Islamization</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bektashi_Order" class="mw-redirect" title="Bektashi Order">Bektashism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanun_(Albania)" title="Kanun (Albania)">Kanun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Albanian_nobility" title="Category:Albanian nobility">Nobility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_tribes" title="Albanian tribes">Tribes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:right;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Albanian_people_from_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Category:Albanian people from the Ottoman Empire">People</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:15th-century_Albanian_people" title="Category:15th-century Albanian people">15th century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:16th-century_Albanian_people" title="Category:16th-century Albanian people">16th century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:17th-century_Albanian_people" title="Category:17th-century Albanian people">17th century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:18th-century_Albanian_people" title="Category:18th-century Albanian people">18th century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:19th-century_Albanian_people" title="Category:19th-century Albanian people">19th century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_Albanian_people" title="Category:20th-century Albanian people">20th century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Albanian_Grand_Viziers_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Category:Albanian Grand Viziers of the Ottoman Empire">Grand Viziers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ottoman_Albanian_nobility" title="Category:Ottoman Albanian nobility">Ottoman – Albanian nobility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Albanian_Pashas" title="Category:Albanian Pashas">Pashas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:right;;width:1%">Communities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanians_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Albanians in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanians_in_Bulgaria" title="Albanians in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanians_of_Croatia" title="Albanians of Croatia">Croatia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arbanasi_people" title="Arbanasi people">Arbanasi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanians_in_Egypt" title="Albanians in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanians_in_Greece" title="Albanians in Greece">Greece</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arvanites" title="Arvanites">Arvanites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cham_Albanians" title="Cham Albanians">Cham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Souliotes" title="Souliotes">Souliotes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanians_of_Western_Thrace" title="Albanians of Western Thrace">Western Thrace</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanians_in_Italy" title="Albanians in Italy">Italy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arb%C3%ABresh%C3%AB_people" title="Arbëreshë people">Arbëreshë</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanians_of_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Albanians of Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanians_in_Syria" title="Albanians in Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanians_in_Turkey" title="Albanians in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanians_in_Ukraine" title="Albanians in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Ottoman_Albania" title="Category:Ottoman Albania">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Albania_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Albania_topics" title="Template:Albania topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Albania_topics" title="Template talk:Albania topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Albania_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Albania topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Albania_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Albania" title="Outline of Albania">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Albania" title="History of Albania">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Illyrians" title="Illyrians">Illyrians</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ardiaei" title="Ardiaei">Ardiaei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanoi" title="Albanoi">Albanoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amantes_(tribe)" title="Amantes (tribe)">Amantes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amantini" title="Amantini">Amantini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balaites" title="Balaites">Balaites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bylliones" title="Bylliones">Bylliones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dassaretii" title="Dassaretii">Dassaretii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enchele" title="Enchele">Enchele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labeatae" title="Labeatae">Labeatae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parthini" title="Parthini">Parthini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taulantii" title="Taulantii">Taulantii</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Albanian_principalities" title="Albanian principalities">Middle Ages</a><br />(1190–1385)<br /></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Arbanon" title="Principality of Arbanon">Principality of Arbanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Albania_(medieval)" title="Kingdom of Albania (medieval)">Kingdom of Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Despotate_of_Arta" title="Despotate of Arta">Despotate of Arta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Kastrioti" title="House of Kastrioti">House of Kastrioti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Albania_under_the_Ottoman_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Albania under the Ottoman Empire">Ottoman period</a><br />(1385–1912)<br /></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Skanderbeg%27s_rebellion" title="Skanderbeg's rebellion">Skanderbeg's rebellion</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">League of Lezhë</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanun_(Albania)" title="Kanun (Albania)">Kanun of Lekë Dukagjini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arb%C3%ABni_Council" title="Arbëni Council">Arbëni Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamization_of_Albania" title="Islamization of Albania">Islamization of Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Pashaliks" title="Albanian Pashaliks">Albanian Pashaliks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massacre_of_the_Albanian_Beys" title="Massacre of the Albanian Beys">Massacre of the Albanian Beys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_revolts_of_1833%E2%80%931839" title="Albanian revolts of 1833–1839">Revolts of 1833–1839</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uprising_of_Dervish_Cara" title="Uprising of Dervish Cara">Uprising of Dervish Cara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_National_Awakening" title="Albanian National Awakening">Albanian National Awakening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_Prizren" title="League of Prizren">League of Prizren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Manastir" title="Congress of Manastir">Congress of Manastir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_revolt_of_1910" title="Albanian revolt of 1910">Revolt of 1910</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malissori_uprising" title="Malissori uprising">Malissori uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taksim_meeting" title="Taksim meeting">Taksim meeting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_revolt_of_1912" title="Albanian revolt of 1912">Revolt of 1912</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimza_Government" title="Kimza Government">Kimza Government</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Independent_Albania" title="Independent Albania">Independence</a><br />(1912–present)<br /></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Albanian Declaration of Independence">Declaration of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himni_i_Flamurit" title="Himni i Flamurit">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provisional_Government_of_Albania" title="Provisional Government of Albania">Provisional Government of Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albania_during_the_Balkan_Wars" title="Albania during the Balkan Wars">Albania during the Balkan Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Central_Albania" title="Republic of Central Albania">Republic of Central Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Albania" title="Principality of Albania">Principality of Albania (1914–25)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_I_in_Albania" title="World War I in Albania">World War I in Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_Province_of_Kor%C3%A7%C3%AB" title="Autonomous Province of Korçë">Autonomous Province of Korçë</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_protectorate_over_Albania" title="Italian protectorate over Albania">Italian protectorate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vlora_War" title="Vlora War">Vlora War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Mirdita" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Mirdita">Republic of Mirdita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Republic_(1925%E2%80%931928)" title="Albanian Republic (1925–1928)">Albanian Republic (1925–1928)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Kingdom_(1928%E2%80%931939)" title="Albanian Kingdom (1928–1939)">Albanian Kingdom (1928–1939)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_protectorate_of_Albania_(1939%E2%80%931943)" title="Italian protectorate of Albania (1939–1943)">Union with Italian kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_invasion_of_Albania" title="Italian invasion of Albania">Italian invasion of Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_Albania" title="German occupation of Albania">German Nazi occupation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust_in_Albania" title="The Holocaust in Albania">The Holocaust in Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_in_Albania" title="World War II in Albania">Albanian resistance during World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Socialist_Republic_of_Albania" title="People's Socialist Republic of Albania">Communist Albania (1946–91)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Orthography_Congress" title="Albanian Orthography Congress">Orthography Congress (1972)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Post-Communist_Albania" title="History of Post-Communist Albania">Post-Communist Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_Albanian_civil_unrest" title="1997 Albanian civil unrest">1997 Civil Unrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albania%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="Albania–NATO relations">NATO membership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Albania_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Albania to the European Union">EU Accession</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Origin_of_the_Albanians" title="Origin of the Albanians">Origins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Albanian_history" title="Timeline of Albanian history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_archives_in_Albania" title="List of archives in Albania">Archives</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania"><img alt="Albania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Coat_of_arms_of_Albania.svg/50px-Coat_of_arms_of_Albania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="76" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Coat_of_arms_of_Albania.svg/75px-Coat_of_arms_of_Albania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Coat_of_arms_of_Albania.svg/100px-Coat_of_arms_of_Albania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="251" data-file-height="383" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Albania" title="Geography of Albania">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;">Landscape</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_in_Albania" title="List of mountains in Albania">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Albania" title="List of rivers of Albania">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Albania" title="List of lakes of Albania">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Albania" title="List of islands of Albania">Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Environment_of_Albania" title="Environment of Albania">Environment</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Albania" title="Climate of Albania">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biodiversity_of_Albania" title="Biodiversity of Albania">Biodiversity</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Fauna_of_Albania" title="Category:Fauna of Albania">Habitat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_Albania" title="Protected areas of Albania">Protected areas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Albania" title="Politics of Albania">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;">Executive</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ministers_(Albania)" title="Council of Ministers (Albania)">Government</a> <i>(<a href="/wiki/Category:Government_agencies_of_Albania" title="Category:Government agencies of Albania">agencies</a>)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Albania" title="President of Albania">Head of state</a> <i>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Albania" title="List of heads of state of Albania">list</a>)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Albania" title="Prime Minister of Albania">Prime Minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Albania" title="Foreign relations of Albania">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Albania" title="List of political parties in Albania">Political parties</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Treaties_of_Albania" title="Category:Treaties of Albania">Treaties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_policy_of_Albania" title="Visa policy of Albania">Visa policy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Albania" title="Judiciary of Albania">Judiciary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Vetting_Institutions" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;">Vetting Institutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special_Appellate_College_(Albania)" title="Special Appellate College (Albania)">KPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institution_of_Public_Commissioners_(Albania)" title="Institution of Public Commissioners (Albania)">IKP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Monitoring_Operation_(Albania)" title="International Monitoring Operation (Albania)">ONM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Qualification_Commission_(Albania)" title="Independent Qualification Commission (Albania)">KPK</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Albania" title="Constitution of Albania">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_Albania" title="Corruption in Albania">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EURALIUS" title="EURALIUS">EURALIUS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SPAK" class="mw-redirect" title="SPAK">SPAK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prosecutor_General_(Albania)" title="Prosecutor General (Albania)">Prosecutor General</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Albania" title="Administrative divisions of Albania">Subdivisions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/NUTS_statistical_regions_of_Albania" title="NUTS statistical regions of Albania">NUTS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Albania" title="Counties of Albania">Counties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Albania" title="Municipalities of Albania">Municipalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Albania" title="List of cities and towns in Albania">Cities and towns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communes_of_Albania" title="Communes of Albania">Communes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villages_of_Albania" title="Villages of Albania">Villages</a></li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Maps_of_Albania" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Maps of Albania">Maps</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;">Legislature</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Albania" title="Elections in Albania">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Albania" title="Parliament of Albania">Assembly</a> <i>(<a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_Parliament_of_Albania" title="Speaker of the Parliament of Albania">speakers</a>)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lists_of_members_of_the_Parliament_of_Albania" title="Category:Lists of members of the Parliament of Albania">Members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(Albania)" title="Leader of the Opposition (Albania)">Opposition</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Albania" title="Human rights in Albania">Human rights</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Albania" title="Abortion in Albania">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_Albania" title="Capital punishment in Albania">Capital punishment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_assassinations_in_Albania" title="List of assassinations in Albania">Assassinations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Albania" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Albania">LGBT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avokati_i_Popullit" title="Avokati i Popullit">Ombudsman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;">Security</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Armed_Forces" title="Albanian Armed Forces">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Police_(Albania)" title="State Police (Albania)">Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_mafia" title="Albanian mafia">Organized crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prisons_in_Albania" title="Prisons in Albania">Prisons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Border_crossings_of_Albania" title="Border crossings of Albania">Border crossings</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Albania" title="Economy of Albania">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;">Finance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_Albania" title="Banking in Albania">Banking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_lek" title="Albanian lek">Lek <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_Albania" title="Taxation in Albania">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_unions_in_Albania" title="Trade unions in Albania">Trade unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Supreme_Audit_(Albania)" title="State Supreme Audit (Albania)">State Supreme Audit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;">Retail</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_shopping_malls_in_Albania" title="List of shopping malls in Albania">Shopping centers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_supermarket_chains_in_Albania" title="List of supermarket chains in Albania">Supermarkets</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;">Industry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Albania" title="Agriculture in Albania">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Albania" title="Healthcare in Albania">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_Albania" title="List of companies of Albania">Companies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Albania" title="Renewable energy in Albania">Energy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Operators" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;">Operators</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Power_Corporation" title="Albanian Power Corporation">KESH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transmission_System_Operator_(Albania)" title="Transmission System Operator (Albania)">OST</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operatori_i_Shp%C3%ABrndarjes_s%C3%AB_Energjis%C3%AB_Elektrike" title="Operatori i Shpërndarjes së Energjisë Elektrike">OSHEE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_Regulatory_Authority_(Albania)" title="Energy Regulatory Authority (Albania)">ERE</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_power_stations_in_Albania" title="List of power stations in Albania">Hydropower plants</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;">Natural resources</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_oil_and_gas_fields_in_Albania" title="List of oil and gas fields in Albania">Oil and gas</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Mining_in_Albania" title="Category:Mining in Albania">Mining</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;">Infrastructure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Highways_in_Albania" title="Highways in Albania">Highways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_airports_in_Albania" title="List of airports in Albania">Aviation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ports_in_Albania" title="List of ports in Albania">Ports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Albania" title="Rail transport in Albania">Railways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bridges_in_Albania" title="List of bridges in Albania">Bridges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tunnels_in_Albania" title="List of tunnels in Albania">Tunnels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Albania" title="List of tallest buildings in Albania">Highrises</a> <i>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_structures_in_Albania" title="List of tallest structures in Albania">structures</a>)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Albania" title="Telecommunications in Albania">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Posta_Shqiptare" title="Posta Shqiptare">Posta Shqiptare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_Albania" title="Squatting in Albania">Squatting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Albania" title="Tourism in Albania">Tourism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Monuments" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;">Monuments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_archaeological_sites_in_Albania" title="List of archaeological sites in Albania">Archaeological sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_castles_in_Albania" title="List of castles in Albania">Castles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mosques_in_Albania" title="List of mosques in Albania">Mosques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tekkes_in_Albania" title="List of tekkes in Albania">Tekkes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_churches_in_Albania" title="List of churches in Albania">Churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lighthouses_in_Albania" title="List of lighthouses in Albania">Lighthouses</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Adriatic_Sea_Coast" title="Albanian Adriatic Sea Coast">Adriatic Sea Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Ionian_Sea_Coast" title="Albanian Ionian Sea Coast">Ionian Sea Coast</a> <i>(<a href="/wiki/Albanian_Riviera" title="Albanian Riviera">riviera</a>)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_beaches_in_Albania" title="List of beaches in Albania">Beaches</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:High-contrast-camera-photo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/High-contrast-camera-photo.svg/17px-High-contrast-camera-photo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/High-contrast-camera-photo.svg/26px-High-contrast-camera-photo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/High-contrast-camera-photo.svg/34px-High-contrast-camera-photo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Photographs_of_Albania" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Photographs of Albania">Images of Albania</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Albania" title="Category:Society of Albania">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Albanians" title="Albanians">People</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Albania" title="Demographics of Albania">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Census_in_Albania" title="Census in Albania">Census</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_tribes" title="Albanian tribes">Tribes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_nobility" title="Albanian nobility">Noble families</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_diaspora" title="Albanian diaspora">Diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Albania" title="Women in Albania">Women</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Albanian_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Albanian culture">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Albanian_art" title="Albanian art">Art</a> <small><a href="/wiki/List_of_art_galleries_in_Albania" title="List of art galleries in Albania">(galleries)</a></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Albania" title="Architecture of Albania">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography_in_Albania" title="Photography in Albania">Photography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_Albania" title="List of museums in Albania">Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_theatres_in_Albania" title="List of theatres in Albania">Theatres</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Albania" title="Education in Albania">Education</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_alphabet" title="Albanian alphabet">Alphabet</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Category:Albanian_scripts" title="Category:Albanian scripts">scripts</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abetare" title="Abetare">Abetare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_language" title="Albanian language">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_literature" title="Albanian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Research_institutes_in_Albania" title="Category:Research institutes in Albania">Research institutes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_libraries_in_Albania" title="List of libraries in Albania">Libraries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_Albania" title="List of universities in Albania">Universities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_publishing_companies_of_Albania" title="List of publishing companies of Albania">Publishers</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Wikiquote page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/13px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/20px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/27px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span> <a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Albanian_proverbs" class="extiw" title="wikiquote:Albanian proverbs">Proverbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanology" title="Albanology">Albanology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;">Tradition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_folk_beliefs" class="mw-redirect" title="Albanian folk beliefs">Folk beliefs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Besa_(Albanian_culture)" title="Besa (Albanian culture)">Besa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oda_(Albania)" title="Oda (Albania)">Oda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secularism_in_Albania" title="Secularism in Albania">Secularism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Albania" title="Religion in Albania">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevruz_in_Albania" title="Nevruz in Albania">Nevruz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balkan_sworn_virgins" title="Balkan sworn virgins">Sworn virgins</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Albanian_clothing" title="Traditional Albanian clothing">Costumes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qeleshe" title="Qeleshe">Qeleshe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fustanella" title="Fustanella">Fustanella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xhubleta" title="Xhubleta">Xhubleta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brez_(clothing)" title="Brez (clothing)">Brez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opinga" title="Opinga">Opinga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xhamadan" title="Xhamadan">Xhamadan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Albanian_cuisine" title="Albanian cuisine">Cuisine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wiktionary page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/16px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/24px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/32px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="350" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gjell%C3%AB" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:gjellë">Gjellë</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tav%C3%AB_kosi" title="Tavë kosi">Tavë kosi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabuni" title="Kabuni">Kabuni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rakia" title="Rakia">Raki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Albania" class="mw-redirect" title="Beer in Albania">Beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_wine" title="Albanian wine">Wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cognac_Sk%C3%ABnderbeu" title="Cognac Skënderbeu">Cognac Skënderbeu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;">Sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;">Football</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albania_national_football_team" title="Albania national football team">National team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_football_clubs_in_Albania" title="List of football clubs in Albania">Clubs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Albania_international_footballers" title="List of Albania international footballers">Players</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_stadiums_in_Albania" title="List of stadiums in Albania">Stadiums</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;">Other sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Weightlifting_Federation" title="Albanian Weightlifting Federation">Weightlifting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Athletics_Federation" title="Albanian Athletics Federation">Athletics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Cycling_Federation" title="Albanian Cycling Federation">Cycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Basketball_Federation" title="Albanian Basketball Federation">Basketball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Volleyball_Federation" title="Albanian Volleyball Federation">Volleyball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Swimming_Federation" title="Albanian Swimming Federation">Swimming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albania_at_the_Olympics" title="Albania at the Olympics">Olympics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_indoor_arenas_in_Albania" title="List of indoor arenas in Albania">Indoor arenas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;">Entertainment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Albania" title="Music of Albania">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Albania" title="Television in Albania">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_Albania" title="List of radio stations in Albania">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Albania" title="Cinema of Albania">Cinema</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Symbols_of_Albania" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Symbols of Albania">Symbols</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_heraldry" title="Albanian heraldry">Heraldry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Albania" title="Flag of Albania">Flag</a> <i>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_Albanian_flags" title="List of Albanian flags">list</a>)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Albania" title="Coat of arms of Albania">Coat of arms</a> <i>(<a href="/wiki/Armorial_of_Albania" title="Armorial of Albania">armorial</a>)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epitaph_of_Gllavenica" title="Epitaph of Gllavenica">Epitaph of Gllavenica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Sign_Language" title="Albanian Sign Language">Sign language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orders,_decorations_and_medals_of_Albania" class="mw-redirect" title="Orders, decorations and medals of Albania">Orders, decorations and medals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_passport" title="Albanian passport">Passport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.al" title=".al">.al</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Albania" title="Public holidays in Albania">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoking_in_Albania" title="Smoking in Albania">Smoking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copyright_law_of_Albania" title="Copyright law of Albania">Copyright law</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Albania" title="Outline of Albania">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Albania" title="Outline of Albania">Index</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Albania" title="Bibliography of Albania">Bibliography</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Albania" title="Category:Albania">Category</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><span 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[\"Langx\"] = 2,\n [\"Medieval Albanian Principalities\"] = 1,\n [\"Members of the League of Lezhë\"] = 1,\n [\"Page needed\"] = 3,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 1,\n [\"Refend\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 8,\n [\"Sfnref\"] = 1,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-rjnn6","timestamp":"20241124192050","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"League of Lezh\u00eb","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/League_of_Lezh%C3%AB","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q669241","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q669241","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, 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