CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>David Plouffe - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"85442e23-e052-48d8-a2da-508f7ab9636c","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"David_Plouffe","wgTitle":"David Plouffe","wgCurRevisionId":1258650381,"wgRevisionId":1258650381,"wgArticleId":2213141,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Webarchive template wayback links","All articles with bare URLs for citations","Articles with bare URLs for citations from August 2024","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Use mdy dates from June 2021","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from September 2017","Commons category link from Wikidata","People appearing on C-SPAN","1967 births","American people of French-Canadian descent", "21st-century American non-fiction writers","American campaign managers","American male non-fiction writers","American political writers","Delaware Democrats","Harvard Institute of Politics","Living people","Obama administration personnel","Kamala Harris 2024 presidential campaign","People associated with the 2024 United States presidential election","People from Wilmington, Delaware","Senior advisors to the president of the United States","United States presidential advisors","University of Delaware alumni","Former Roman Catholics","American Episcopalians","21st-century American male writers","Chan Zuckerberg Initiative"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"David_Plouffe","wgRelevantArticleId":2213141,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{ "status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":30000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q1176154","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready", "site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface", "ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/85/David_Plouffe_official_portrait.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/85/David_Plouffe_official_portrait.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="640"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="David Plouffe - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Plouffe"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=David_Plouffe&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Plouffe"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-David_Plouffe rootpage-David_Plouffe skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=David+Plouffe" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=David+Plouffe" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=David+Plouffe" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=David+Plouffe" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Early_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Early life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Career</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Career-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Career subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2008_Barack_Obama_presidential_campaign" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2008_Barack_Obama_presidential_campaign"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>2008 Barack Obama presidential campaign</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2008_Barack_Obama_presidential_campaign-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2009–2011" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2009–2011"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>2009–2011</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2009–2011-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2011–2013:_Senior_Advisor_to_the_President" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2011–2013:_Senior_Advisor_to_the_President"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>2011–2013: Senior Advisor to the President</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2011–2013:_Senior_Advisor_to_the_President-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Career_after_the_White_House" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Career_after_the_White_House"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Career after the White House</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Career_after_the_White_House-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2024_Kamala_Harris_presidential_campaign" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2024_Kamala_Harris_presidential_campaign"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>2024 Kamala Harris presidential campaign</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2024_Kamala_Harris_presidential_campaign-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Controversy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Controversy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Controversy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Controversy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Works</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Personal life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">David Plouffe</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 11 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-11" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">11 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%D9%81" title="ديفيد بلوف – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ديفيد بلوف" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AF_%D9%BE%D9%84%D9%88%D9%81" title="داوید پلوف – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="داوید پلوف" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Plouffe" title="David Plouffe – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="David Plouffe" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Plouffe" title="David Plouffe – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="David Plouffe" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Plouffe" title="David Plouffe – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="David Plouffe" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Plouffe" title="David Plouffe – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="David Plouffe" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Plouffe" title="David Plouffe – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="David Plouffe" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Plouffe" title="David Plouffe – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="David Plouffe" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Plouffe" title="David Plouffe – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="David Plouffe" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Plouffe" title="David Plouffe – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="David Plouffe" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%A1%9B%C2%B7%E6%99%AE%E5%8B%9E%E5%A4%AB" title="大衛·普勞夫 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="大衛·普勞夫" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1176154#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/David_Plouffe" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:David_Plouffe" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/David_Plouffe"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Plouffe&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Plouffe&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/David_Plouffe"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Plouffe&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Plouffe&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/David_Plouffe" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/David_Plouffe" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Plouffe&oldid=1258650381" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Plouffe&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=David_Plouffe&id=1258650381&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FDavid_Plouffe"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FDavid_Plouffe"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=David_Plouffe&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Plouffe&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:David_Plouffe" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1176154" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American political and business strategist (born 1967)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">David Plouffe</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:David_Plouffe_official_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/David_Plouffe_official_portrait.jpg/220px-David_Plouffe_official_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/85/David_Plouffe_official_portrait.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="224" data-file-height="224" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Official portrait, 2012</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Senior_Advisor_to_the_President_of_the_United_States" title="Senior Advisor to the President of the United States">Senior Advisor to the President</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />January 10, 2011 – January 25, 2013</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/David_Axelrod_(political_consultant)" class="mw-redirect" title="David Axelrod (political consultant)">David Axelrod</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Pfeiffer" title="Daniel Pfeiffer">Dan Pfeiffer</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1967-05-27</span>) </span>May 27, 1967<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 57)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Wilmington,_Delaware" title="Wilmington, Delaware">Wilmington, Delaware</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data">Olivia Morgan</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">2</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Delaware" title="University of Delaware">University of Delaware</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">BA</a>)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>David Plouffe</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'p' in 'pie'">p</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/ʌ/: 'u' in 'cut'">ʌ</span><span title="'f' in 'find'">f</span></span>/</a></span></span>; born May 27, 1967)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is an American <a href="/wiki/Political_strategist" class="mw-redirect" title="Political strategist">political</a> and business <a href="/wiki/Strategic_management" title="Strategic management">strategist</a> best known as the <a href="/wiki/Campaign_manager" title="Campaign manager">campaign manager</a> for <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a>'s successful <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Barack Obama 2008 presidential campaign">2008 presidential campaign</a>. He was the senior advisor to <a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Kamala Harris</a>' <a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris_2024_presidential_campaign" title="Kamala Harris 2024 presidential campaign">2024 presidential campaign</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A long-time <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a> campaign consultant, he was a partner at the party-aligned campaign consulting firm <a href="/wiki/AKPD_Message_and_Media" title="AKPD Message and Media">AKPD Message and Media</a>, which he joined in 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Plouffe was an outside senior advisor to Obama since the president's first day in office and was then appointed as a <a href="/wiki/Senior_Advisor_to_the_President" class="mw-redirect" title="Senior Advisor to the President">Senior Advisor to the President</a> (inside the <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a>) in 2011 following the resignation of <a href="/wiki/David_Axelrod_(political_consultant)" class="mw-redirect" title="David Axelrod (political consultant)">David Axelrod</a>, who went on to start Obama's reelection campaign.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In September 2014, he became the Senior Vice President of Policy and Strategy for <a href="/wiki/Uber" title="Uber">Uber</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In May 2015, he left that role to become a full-time strategic adviser for the company.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In January 2017, he joined the <a href="/wiki/Chan_Zuckerberg_Initiative" title="Chan Zuckerberg Initiative">Chan Zuckerberg Initiative</a> to lead its policy and advocacy efforts.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2019, <i><a href="/wiki/Politico" title="Politico">Politico</a></i> reported he joined the board of directors of liberal nonprofit <a href="/wiki/Acronym_(political_organization)" class="mw-redirect" title="Acronym (political organization)">ACRONYM</a>, where he would advise an anti-Trump digital campaign.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Plouffe&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Plouffe was born and raised in <a href="/wiki/Wilmington,_Delaware" title="Wilmington, Delaware">Wilmington, Delaware</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is from a working-class Roman Catholic family (he is now a practicing <a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Church_(United_States)" title="Episcopal Church (United States)">Episcopalian</a><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>),<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the son of Frances (née Vincent), a stay-at-home mother, and James Everett "Jim" Plouffe, a factory worker who later worked in marketing.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Plouffe attended <a href="/wiki/St._Mark%27s_High_School" title="St. Mark's High School">St. Mark's High School</a>. He left the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Delaware" title="University of Delaware">University of Delaware</a> prior to graduation in 1989 to pursue a full-time career in politics and he completed his full undergraduate degree in May 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Plouffe&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Plouffe began his political career by working for <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">Senator</a> <a href="/wiki/Tom_Harkin" title="Tom Harkin">Tom Harkin</a>'s 1990 re-election campaign.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He later worked as a state field director for Harkin's unsuccessful 1992 presidential campaign. In the same year, he successfully managed Congressman <a href="/wiki/John_Olver" title="John Olver">John Olver</a>'s first re-election bid in <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a>. In 1994, Plouffe managed <a href="/wiki/Delaware_Attorney_General" class="mw-redirect" title="Delaware Attorney General">Delaware Attorney General</a> <a href="/wiki/Charles_M._Oberly" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles M. Oberly">Charles M. Oberly</a>'s unsuccessful campaign against Senator <a href="/wiki/William_V._Roth" class="mw-redirect" title="William V. Roth">William V. Roth</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2008_Barack_Obama_presidential_campaign">2008 Barack Obama presidential campaign</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Plouffe&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 2008 Barack Obama presidential campaign"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Plouffe was the campaign manager for Barack Obama's successful 2008 presidential campaign. He is credited with the campaign's overall strategy in the race (primarily against then-Senator <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a>) for the Democratic Party presidential nomination, to focus on the first <a href="/wiki/Party_caucus" class="mw-redirect" title="Party caucus">caucus</a> in <a href="/wiki/Iowa" title="Iowa">Iowa</a> and on maximizing the number of pledged <a href="/wiki/Delegate_(American_politics)" title="Delegate (American politics)">delegates</a>, as opposed to focusing on states with <a href="/wiki/Partisan_primary" class="mw-redirect" title="Partisan primary">primaries</a> and the overall <a href="/wiki/Direct_election" title="Direct election">popular vote</a>. He is also credited by <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Republic" title="The New Republic">The New Republic</a></i> for Obama's success in the <a href="/wiki/Iowa_caucus" class="mw-redirect" title="Iowa caucus">Iowa caucus</a> and for crafting an overall strategy to prolong the primary past <a href="/wiki/Super_Tuesday" title="Super Tuesday">Super Tuesday</a>. The <i><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Tribune" title="Chicago Tribune">Chicago Tribune</a></i> wrote "Plouffe was the mastermind behind a winning strategy that looked well past Super Tuesday's contests on Feb. 5 and placed value on large <i>and</i> small states".<sup id="cite_ref-tribuneprofile_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tribuneprofile-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Plouffe also maintained discipline over communications, including controlling leaks and releasing information about the campaign on its terms. Personally averse to publicity, Plouffe's control over the internal workings of the campaign avoided the publicly aired squabbles that tend to trouble campaigns.<sup id="cite_ref-tribuneprofile_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tribuneprofile-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In June 2008, when then-Senator Obama clinched the Democratic Party nomination, he thanked Plouffe for being the one "who never gets any credit, but has built the best political campaign, I think, in the history of the United States". In May 2008, David Axelrod praised Plouffe, stating he had "done the most magnificent job of managing a campaign that I've seen in my life of watching presidential politics. To start something like this from scratch and build what we have built was a truly remarkable thing".<sup id="cite_ref-postprofile_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-postprofile-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After winning the election on November 4, Obama credited Plouffe in his acceptance speech, calling him "the unsung hero of this campaign, who built the...best political campaign, I think, in the history of the United States of America".<sup id="cite_ref-acceptancespeech_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-acceptancespeech-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2009–2011"><span id="2009.E2.80.932011"></span>2009–2011</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Plouffe&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 2009–2011"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Plouffe began working as an outside senior adviser to the Obama administration in January 2009. His book <i>The Audacity to Win: The Inside Story and Lessons of Barack Obama's Historic Victory</i>, discussing management strategies and tactics that he used in the 2008 campaign,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was published on November 3, 2009, and became a <i>New York Times</i> bestseller.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>He later issued a video challenge for Obama supporters to buy a copy of his book on December 8, 2009, to <i>"Beat <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Palin" title="Sarah Palin">Sarah Palin</a>"</i> and her bestselling book for one day.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Plouffe signed with the <a href="/wiki/Washington_Speakers_Bureau" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington Speakers Bureau">Washington Speakers Bureau</a> to give paid speeches and plans to engage in non-government consulting work.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In May 2009, Plouffe delivered the <a href="/wiki/Convocation" title="Convocation">convocation</a> address at <a href="/wiki/Cornell_University" title="Cornell University">Cornell University</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2011–2013:_Senior_Advisor_to_the_President"><span id="2011.E2.80.932013:_Senior_Advisor_to_the_President"></span>2011–2013: Senior Advisor to the President</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Plouffe&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 2011–2013: Senior Advisor to the President"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In January 2011, Plouffe joined the White House as Assistant to the President and Senior Advisor. Plouffe replaced David Axelrod as Senior Advisor when Axelrod returned to Chicago to help run President Obama's 2012 re-election campaign.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In his role as senior advisor, Plouffe led the crafting of White House strategy and communicating the president's message. He attended the president on his domestic and overseas visits, including the May 2011 <a href="/wiki/State_visit" title="State visit">state visit</a> to the UK.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After a successful reelection and inauguration of President Obama, Plouffe departed the White House in January 2013. During a national news event, on his final day in the White House, Plouffe was singled out by the president saying, "What people don't always realize, because he doesn't like to show it, is the reason he does this stuff is because he cares deeply about people. And he cares about justice, and he cares about making sure that everybody gets a shot in life. And, those values have motivated him to do incredible things, and were it not for him, we would not have been as effective a White House and I probably wouldn't be here."<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Career_after_the_White_House">Career after the White House</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Plouffe&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Career after the White House"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After leaving the White House in early 2013, Plouffe became a contributor for <a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_Television" title="Bloomberg Television">Bloomberg TV</a> and <a href="/wiki/ABC_News_(United_States)" title="ABC News (United States)">ABC News</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In April 2013, Plouffe was inducted into the <a href="/wiki/American_Association_of_Political_Consultants" title="American Association of Political Consultants">American Association of Political Consultants</a> Hall of Fame.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Plouffe met with <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a> in mid-2013 to help out in her campaign for president, having claimed that Clinton approached him first. In September 2015, Plouffe reportedly played a key role in convincing Vice President <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> not to challenge Clinton, telling Biden "not to end his career in embarrassment with a third place finish in Iowa", according to multiple accounts of the meeting.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the summer of 2014, rumors circulated that Plouffe might return to the White House as <a href="/wiki/White_House_Chief_of_Staff" title="White House Chief of Staff">Chief of Staff</a>. On August 5, 2014, Plouffe denied he planned to return at a <a href="/wiki/Politico" title="Politico">Politico</a> Playbook lunch, and <a href="/wiki/White_House_Press_Secretary" title="White House Press Secretary">White House Press Secretary</a> <a href="/wiki/Josh_Earnest" title="Josh Earnest">Josh Earnest</a> said he did not expect Chief of Staff <a href="/wiki/Denis_McDonough" title="Denis McDonough">Denis McDonough</a> to depart.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On August 19, 2014, Plouffe was appointed as Senior Vice President of Policy and Strategy at <a href="/wiki/Uber" title="Uber">Uber</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The company had just raised $18.2 billion in its most recent funding round.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Uber at the time was facing heavy regulatory hurdles and the hiring of Plouffe was seen as a way for the company to get these regulations lifted.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January 2017, Plouffe was hired by <a href="/wiki/Mark_Zuckerberg" title="Mark Zuckerberg">Mark Zuckerberg</a> to lead policy and advocacy at the <a href="/wiki/Chan_Zuckerberg_Initiative" title="Chan Zuckerberg Initiative">Chan Zuckerberg Initiative</a>. He led a bipartisan policy board alongside <a href="/wiki/Ken_Mehlman" title="Ken Mehlman">Ken Mehlman</a> where they announced policy members and worked to find opportunities to work with the government.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In September 2019, Plouffe was invited to join the board of directors of <a href="/wiki/Acronym_(political_organization)" class="mw-redirect" title="Acronym (political organization)">ACRONYM</a>, a liberal nonprofit group focused on digital messaging, by CEO <a href="/wiki/Tara_McGowan" title="Tara McGowan">Tara McGowan</a>. He advises program work at ACRONYM and bolsters the organization's fundraising efforts.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Plouffe hosts a podcast, <i>Campaign HQ with David Plouffe</i>, which is a partnership with <a href="/wiki/Cadence13" title="Cadence13">Cadence13</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Darnell_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Darnell-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2024_Kamala_Harris_presidential_campaign">2024 Kamala Harris presidential campaign</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Plouffe&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 2024 Kamala Harris presidential campaign"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In August 2024, Plouffe joined the <a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris_2024_presidential_campaign" title="Kamala Harris 2024 presidential campaign">Harris campaign</a> as a senior advisor.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Controversy">Controversy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Plouffe&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Controversy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Plouffe has drawn criticism for his paid speaking engagements abroad while on hiatus from advising Obama. In early 2009, Plouffe spoke in <a href="/wiki/Baku" title="Baku">Baku</a>, <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a>, for $50,000. The event's sponsor had ties to Azerbaijan's authoritarian government. Following complaints from <a href="/wiki/Human_rights" title="Human rights">human rights</a> groups, Plouffe donated his speaking fees to the <a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Institute" title="National Democratic Institute">National Democratic Institute</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In December 2010, Plouffe received $100,000 for two speeches in <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a> from an affiliate of the <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South African</a> telecommunications company <a href="/wiki/MTN_Group" title="MTN Group">MTN Group</a>. At the time, MTN had been doing business with the <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Iran" title="Politics of Iran">government of Iran</a> since 2005. MTN later came under increased scrutiny by the United States due to allegations that the Iranian government used the MTN network to track and monitor dissidents. MTN has been listed on the "Iran Business Registry" of watchdog group <a href="/wiki/United_Against_Nuclear_Iran" title="United Against Nuclear Iran">United Against Nuclear Iran</a> since 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> White House spokesman Eric Schultz stated that Plouffe had only spoken to the group about digital communications and cellular technology, and had declined to meet with the company's leadership. Schultz also said the criticism of Plouffe's speeches before he joined the White House was "misplaced".<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2013, in response to accusations from Congressman <a href="/wiki/Darrell_Issa" title="Darrell Issa">Darrell Issa</a> (R-CA) that the Obama administration knew about the <a href="/wiki/2013_IRS_scandal" class="mw-redirect" title="2013 IRS scandal">IRS targeting of not-for-profit conservative groups</a> for extra scrutiny, Plouffe tweeted: "Strong words from Mr Grand Theft Auto and suspected arsonist/insurance swindler. And loose ethically today", referring to two incidents in Issa's past. In 1972, while a teenager, Issa was accused of stealing a <a href="/wiki/Maserati" title="Maserati">Maserati</a> sports car; the charges were later dropped. In 1982, a Cleveland warehouse belonging to Issa burned to the ground. The fire was ruled suspicious and Issa collected an insurance payout, but he was not charged with any crime.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In February 2017, Plouffe was fined $90,000 by the Chicago Board of Ethics for the violation of ethics rules when he failed to register as a lobbyist after contacting Chicago Mayor <a href="/wiki/Rahm_Emanuel" title="Rahm Emanuel">Rahm Emanuel</a> to help <a href="/wiki/Uber" title="Uber">Uber</a> with regulations for picking up travelers at Chicago airports. The board fined Uber $2,000 as well for hiring a lobbyist who violated the city's lobbying laws.<sup id="cite_ref-Plouffe_fined_$90000_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Plouffe_fined_$90000-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works">Works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Plouffe&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Plouffe, David. <i>The Audacity to Win: The Inside Story and Lessons of Barack Obama's Historic Victory</i>, Viking Adult (November 3, 2009); <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-670-02133-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-670-02133-8">978-0-670-02133-8</a></li> <li><i>A Citizen's Guide to Beating Donald Trump</i></li></ul> <p>Plouffe appeared on <i><a href="/wiki/Race_for_the_White_House" title="Race for the White House">Race for the White House</a></i> in the episode about the <a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_presidential_election" title="1948 United States presidential election">1948 United States presidential election</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Plouffe&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Plouffe is married to Olivia Morgan, a senior advisor to <a href="/wiki/Maria_Shriver" title="Maria Shriver">Maria Shriver</a>'s A Woman's Nation, a member of Obama's <a href="/wiki/President%27s_Committee_on_the_Arts_and_Humanities" title="President's Committee on the Arts and Humanities">President's Committee on the Arts and Humanities</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Director of Federal Relations to then <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_California" title="Governor of California">California Governor</a> <a href="/wiki/Gray_Davis" title="Gray Davis">Gray Davis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The couple resides in <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a>, and has two children.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Plouffe&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Barack_Obama_2008_presidential_campaign_staff_members" title="List of Barack Obama 2008 presidential campaign staff members">List of Barack Obama 2008 presidential campaign staff members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organizing_for_America" title="Organizing for America">Organizing for America</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Plouffe&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barnes, James A. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.nationaljournal.com/articles/080331nj1.htm">"Obama's Inner Circle"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081023060233/http://news.nationaljournal.com/articles/080331nj1.htm">Archived</a> October 23, 2008, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>National Journal</i>, March 31, 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Goldman, Julianna. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601087&sid=aTd9on6ohWJg">"Obama's Aide Plouffe"</a>, <i>Bloomberg</i>, June 16, 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoldmacherEpstein2024" class="citation news cs1">Goldmacher, Shane; Epstein, Reid (August 2, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2024/08/02/us/politics/kamala-harris-david-plouffe-obama.html">"Kamala Harris Hires Top Obama Advisers, Building Out Campaign"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 19,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Kamala+Harris+Hires+Top+Obama+Advisers%2C+Building+Out+Campaign&rft.date=2024-08-02&rft.aulast=Goldmacher&rft.aufirst=Shane&rft.au=Epstein%2C+Reid&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2024%2F08%2F02%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Fkamala-harris-david-plouffe-obama.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Plouffe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040903052925/http://www.akpmedia.com/partners/dplouffe.html">"AKPD MESSAGE AND MEDIA|PARTNERS|DAVID PLOUFFE"</a>. www.akpdmedia.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.akpmedia.com/partners/dplouffe.html">the original</a> on September 3, 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 28,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=AKPD+MESSAGE+AND+MEDIA%26%23124%3BPARTNERS%26%23124%3BDAVID+PLOUFFE&rft.pub=www.akpdmedia.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.akpmedia.com%2Fpartners%2Fdplouffe.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Plouffe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foxnews.com/politics/obama-gets-second-chance-to-stress-jobs-focus-at-state-of-the-union/">"Obama Gets Second Chance to Stress Jobs Focus at State of the Union"</a>. Fox News. January 21, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Obama+Gets+Second+Chance+to+Stress+Jobs+Focus+at+State+of+the+Union&rft.date=2011-01-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foxnews.com%2Fpolitics%2Fobama-gets-second-chance-to-stress-jobs-focus-at-state-of-the-union%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Plouffe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blog.uber.com/davidplouffe">"A LEADER FOR THE UBER CAMPAIGN"</a>, uber.com; accessed September 20, 2017.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrian_Fung2015" class="citation news cs1">Brian Fung (May 13, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/the-switch/wp/2015/05/13/uber-just-gave-david-plouffes-job-to-a-top-google-exec">"Uber just gave David Plouffe's job to a top Google exec"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 19,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Uber+just+gave+David+Plouffe%27s+job+to+a+top+Google+exec&rft.date=2015-05-13&rft.au=Brian+Fung&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fblogs%2Fthe-switch%2Fwp%2F2015%2F05%2F13%2Fuber-just-gave-david-plouffes-job-to-a-top-google-exec&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Plouffe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10103400793718921&set=a.529237706231.2034669.4&type=3&theater">"Mark Zuckerberg - Priscilla and I are excited to announce..."</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a></i>. January 10, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 16,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Facebook&rft.atitle=Mark+Zuckerberg+-+Priscilla+and+I+are+excited+to+announce...&rft.date=2017-01-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2Fphoto.php%3Ffbid%3D10103400793718921%26set%3Da.529237706231.2034669.4%26type%3D3%26theater&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Plouffe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMontellaro2019" class="citation web cs1">Montellaro, Zach (September 5, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://politi.co/2ZBrYJt">"David Plouffe to join ACRONYM board of directors"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Politico" title="Politico">Politico</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 4,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Politico&rft.atitle=David+Plouffe+to+join+ACRONYM+board+of+directors&rft.date=2019-09-05&rft.aulast=Montellaro&rft.aufirst=Zach&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpoliti.co%2F2ZBrYJt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Plouffe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoldmacher2019" class="citation news cs1">Goldmacher, Shane (November 4, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/04/us/politics/democratic-political-campaign-advertising.html">"Democratic Strategists Set Up $75 Million Digital Campaign to Counter Trump"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 4,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Democratic+Strategists+Set+Up+%2475+Million+Digital+Campaign+to+Counter+Trump&rft.date=2019-11-04&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Goldmacher&rft.aufirst=Shane&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2019%2F11%2F04%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Fdemocratic-political-campaign-advertising.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Plouffe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wilmu.edu/news/newsArticle.aspx?newsID=438">"Wilmington University News Release - David Plouffe, Author of 'The Audacity to Win', Will Visit Wilmington University"</a>. <i>wilmu.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 19,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=wilmu.edu&rft.atitle=Wilmington+University+News+Release+-+David+Plouffe%2C+Author+of+%27The+Audacity+to+Win%27%2C+Will+Visit+Wilmington+University&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wilmu.edu%2Fnews%2FnewsArticle.aspx%3FnewsID%3D438&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Plouffe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.politico.com/story/2016/02/off-message-david-plouffe-2016-219942">https://www.politico.com/story/2016/02/off-message-david-plouffe-2016-219942</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bare_URLs" title="Wikipedia:Bare URLs"><span title="A full citation is required to prevent link rot. (August 2024)">bare URL</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.politico.com/story/2016/02/off-message-david-plouffe-2016-219942">Politico: "Full transcript: POLITICO's Glenn Thrush interviews David Plouffe" by Politico Staff</a> February 29, 2016|<i>"So I was perusing Wikipedia before I came in, because I realized I've read your book, I've talked with you 10,000 times, and I never looked at your Wikipedia page. And the first thing I realized about you that I didn't know is Wikipedia says you're Jewish. You are not apparently Jewish, right? DAVID PLOUFFE: No. I may be honorary Jewish, but no, I was raised Catholic, went to Catholic school, and now am a practicing Episcopalian."</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeibovich2012" class="citation news cs1">Leibovich, Mark (February 20, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/20/us/politics/plouffe-obama-aide-lends-firm-hand-to-campaign.html?pagewanted=all">"Plouffe, Obama Aide, Lends Firm Hand to Campaign"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Plouffe%2C+Obama+Aide%2C+Lends+Firm+Hand+to+Campaign&rft.date=2012-02-20&rft.aulast=Leibovich&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2012%2F02%2F20%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Fplouffe-obama-aide-lends-firm-hand-to-campaign.html%3Fpagewanted%3Dall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Plouffe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/delawareonline/obituary.aspx?pid=156870306">"James Plouffe obituary - Wilmington, DE - The News Journal"</a>. <i>The News Journal</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 19,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+News+Journal&rft.atitle=James+Plouffe+obituary+-+Wilmington%2C+DE+-+The+News+Journal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.legacy.com%2Fobituaries%2Fdelawareonline%2Fobituary.aspx%3Fpid%3D156870306&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Plouffe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120828050123/http://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/david-plouffe/gIQAv9nc9O_topic.html">"David PPlouffe profile"</a>. <i>The Washington Post</i>. January 25, 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/david-plouffe/gIQAv9nc9O_topic.html">the original</a> on August 28, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=David+PPlouffe+profile&rft.date=2013-01-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fpolitics%2Fdavid-plouffe%2FgIQAv9nc9O_topic.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Plouffe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usnews.com/news/blogs/washington-whispers/2009/10/19/former-mccain-obama-aides-schmidt-and-plouffe-join-at-university-of-delaware">"Former McCain, Obama Aides Schmidt and Plouffe Join at University of Delaware"</a>. <i>U.S. News & World Report</i>. October 19, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=U.S.+News+%26+World+Report&rft.atitle=Former+McCain%2C+Obama+Aides+Schmidt+and+Plouffe+Join+at+University+of+Delaware&rft.date=2009-10-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usnews.com%2Fnews%2Fblogs%2Fwashington-whispers%2F2009%2F10%2F19%2Fformer-mccain-obama-aides-schmidt-and-plouffe-join-at-university-of-delaware&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Plouffe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Julianna Goldman, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.yahoo.com/s/bloomberg/20080616/pl_bloomberg/absxpaj7gbes">Obama's Aide Plouffe Plots Victory From Background</a>, yahoo.com; accessed July 4, 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tribuneprofile-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tribuneprofile_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tribuneprofile_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCormick2008" class="citation news cs1">McCormick, John (June 8, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/chi-plouffe-obamajun09,0,3326662.story">"Obama's campaign chief: low profile, high impact"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Tribune" title="Chicago Tribune">Chicago Tribune</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 9,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Tribune&rft.atitle=Obama%27s+campaign+chief%3A+low+profile%2C+high+impact&rft.date=2008-06-08&rft.aulast=McCormick&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chicagotribune.com%2Fnews%2Fnationworld%2Fchi-plouffe-obamajun09%2C0%2C3326662.story&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Plouffe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-postprofile-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-postprofile_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaiser2008" class="citation news cs1">Kaiser, Robert G. (May 2, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/05/01/AR2008050103509.html?nav=hcmodule">"The Player at Bat - David Axelrod, the Man With Obama's Game Plan, Is Also the Candidate's No. 1 Fan"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 6,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=The+Player+at+Bat+-+David+Axelrod%2C+the+Man+With+Obama%27s+Game+Plan%2C+Is+Also+the+Candidate%27s+No.+1+Fan&rft.date=2008-05-02&rft.aulast=Kaiser&rft.aufirst=Robert+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-dyn%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2F2008%2F05%2F01%2FAR2008050103509.html%3Fnav%3Dhcmodule&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Plouffe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-acceptancespeech-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-acceptancespeech_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081113163102/http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/nation/politics/bal-text1105%2C0%2C2684817.story">"Text of Obama's Acceptance Speech"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Baltimore_Sun" title="The Baltimore Sun">The Baltimore Sun</a></i>. November 5, 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/nation/politics/bal-text1105,0,2684817.story">the original</a> on November 13, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 10,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Baltimore+Sun&rft.atitle=Text+of+Obama%27s+Acceptance+Speech&rft.date=2008-11-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.baltimoresun.com%2Fnews%2Fnation%2Fpolitics%2Fbal-text1105%2C0%2C2684817.story&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Plouffe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFItalie2009" class="citation news cs1">Italie, Hillel (February 4, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090207053615/http://www.startribune.com/entertainment/39028317.html">"Obama campaign manager David Plouffe agrees to 7-figure deal for book"</a>. Associated Press. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.startribune.com/entertainment/39028317.html">the original</a> on February 7, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 5,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Obama+campaign+manager+David+Plouffe+agrees+to+7-figure+deal+for+book&rft.date=2009-02-04&rft.aulast=Italie&rft.aufirst=Hillel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.startribune.com%2Fentertainment%2F39028317.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Plouffe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmbinder2009" class="citation web cs1">Ambinder, Marc (December 7, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2009/12/david-plouffe-throwback-strategy-challenge/31345">"David Plouffe Throwback Strategy Challenge"</a>. <i>The Atlantic</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 19,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Atlantic&rft.atitle=David+Plouffe+Throwback+Strategy+Challenge&rft.date=2009-12-07&rft.aulast=Ambinder&rft.aufirst=Marc&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Fpolitics%2Farchive%2F2009%2F12%2Fdavid-plouffe-throwback-strategy-challenge%2F31345&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Plouffe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Penguin Books (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://us.penguingroup.com/nf/Book/BookDisplay/0,,9780670021338,00.html"><i>The Audacity to Win</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091108121858/http://us.penguingroup.com/nf/Book/BookDisplay/0,,9780670021338,00.html">Archived</a> November 8, 2009, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>; retrieved October 29, 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAllen2008" class="citation news cs1">Allen, Mike (December 5, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.politico.com/news/stories/1208/16254.html">"Publishers jump at Plouffe book"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Politico" class="mw-redirect" title="The Politico">The Politico</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 6,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Publishers+jump+at+Plouffe+book&rft.date=2008-12-05&rft.aulast=Allen&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.com%2Fnews%2Fstories%2F1208%2F16254.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Plouffe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cornellsun.com/section/news/content/2009/02/27/obamas-campaign-manager-set-speak-convocation">Obama's Campaign Manager Set to Speak at Convocation</a>, <i>The Cornell Daily Sun</i>, September 27, 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStone2011" class="citation news cs1">Stone, Daniel (January 7, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2011/01/07/david-plouffe-obamas-whiz-kid-returns-to-the-white-house.html">"David Plouffe, Obama's Whiz Kid, Returns"</a>. <i>The Daily Beast</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 10,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Beast&rft.atitle=David+Plouffe%2C+Obama%27s+Whiz+Kid%2C+Returns&rft.date=2011-01-07&rft.aulast=Stone&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thedailybeast.com%2Farticles%2F2011%2F01%2F07%2Fdavid-plouffe-obamas-whiz-kid-returns-to-the-white-house.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Plouffe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.royal.gov.uk/LatestNewsandDiary/StateVisitprogrammes/2011/Sta/GuestList.aspx">"US State Visit, May 24 to 26, 2011 Guest List"</a>. Royal Family official website<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 20,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=US+State+Visit%2C+May+24+to+26%2C+2011+Guest+List&rft.pub=Royal+Family+official+website&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.royal.gov.uk%2FLatestNewsandDiary%2FStateVisitprogrammes%2F2011%2FSta%2FGuestList.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Plouffe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2013/01/25/remarks-president-personnel-announcement">"Remarks by the President at a Personnel Announcement"</a>. The White House. January 25, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 4,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Remarks+by+the+President+at+a+Personnel+Announcement&rft.pub=The+White+House&rft.date=2013-01-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fobamawhitehouse.archives.gov%2Fthe-press-office%2F2013%2F01%2F25%2Fremarks-president-personnel-announcement&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Plouffe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCowie2013" class="citation news cs1">Cowie, Amanda (April 25, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/pressroom/david-plouffe-joins-bloomberg-tv">"David Plouffe Joins Bloomberg TV"</a>. <i>Bloomberg News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 10,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg+News&rft.atitle=David+Plouffe+Joins+Bloomberg+TV&rft.date=2013-04-25&rft.aulast=Cowie&rft.aufirst=Amanda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fpressroom%2Fdavid-plouffe-joins-bloomberg-tv&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Plouffe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGavin2013" class="citation news cs1">Gavin, Patrick (April 4, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.politico.com/story/2013/04/david-axelrod-david-plouffe-hall-of-fame-89640.html">"David Axelrod, David Plouffe to Hall of Fame"</a>. <i>Politico</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 10,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Politico&rft.atitle=David+Axelrod%2C+David+Plouffe+to+Hall+of+Fame&rft.date=2013-04-04&rft.aulast=Gavin&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.com%2Fstory%2F2013%2F04%2Fdavid-axelrod-david-plouffe-hall-of-fame-89640.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Plouffe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.com/news/magazine/2020/08/14/obama-biden-relationship-393570">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'The President Was Not Encouraging': What Obama Really Thought About Biden"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Politico" title="Politico">Politico</a></i>. August 14, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Politico&rft.atitle=%27The+President+Was+Not+Encouraging%27%3A+What+Obama+Really+Thought+About+Biden&rft.date=2020-08-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.com%2Fnews%2Fmagazine%2F2020%2F08%2F14%2Fobama-biden-relationship-393570&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Plouffe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2016/07/2016-barack-obama-hillary-clinton-democratic-establishment-campaign-primary-joe-biden-elizabeth-warren-214023">"How Obama & Clinton are trying to save the dem establishment"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Politico" title="Politico">Politico</a></i>. May 8, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Politico&rft.atitle=How+Obama+%26+Clinton+are+trying+to+save+the+dem+establishment&rft.date=2020-05-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.com%2Fmagazine%2Fstory%2F2016%2F07%2F2016-barack-obama-hillary-clinton-democratic-establishment-campaign-primary-joe-biden-elizabeth-warren-214023&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Plouffe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBudoff_Brown2014" class="citation web cs1">Budoff Brown, Carrie (August 6, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.politico.com/story/2014/08/david-plouffe-barack-obama-109753.html">"David Plouffe: The most popular guy in Washington"</a>. <i>www.politico.com</i>. Politico<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 6,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.politico.com&rft.atitle=David+Plouffe%3A+The+most+popular+guy+in+Washington&rft.date=2014-08-06&rft.aulast=Budoff+Brown&rft.aufirst=Carrie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.com%2Fstory%2F2014%2F08%2Fdavid-plouffe-barack-obama-109753.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Plouffe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blog.uber.com/davidplouffe">"A LEADER FOR THE UBER CAMPAIGN"</a>. <i>www.uber.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 19,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.uber.com&rft.atitle=A+LEADER+FOR+THE+UBER+CAMPAIGN&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblog.uber.com%2Fdavidplouffe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Plouffe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://money.cnn.com/2014/08/19/technology/mobile/uber-obama/index.html">"Uber hires former Obama campaign manager David Plouffe"</a>. August 19, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Uber+hires+former+Obama+campaign+manager+David+Plouffe&rft.date=2014-08-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmoney.cnn.com%2F2014%2F08%2F19%2Ftechnology%2Fmobile%2Fuber-obama%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Plouffe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIsaac2014" class="citation news cs1">Isaac, Mike (August 19, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/20/technology/uber-picks-a-political-insider-to-wage-its-regulatory-battles.html">"Uber Picks David Plouffe to Wage Regulatory Fight"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Uber+Picks+David+Plouffe+to+Wage+Regulatory+Fight&rft.date=2014-08-19&rft.aulast=Isaac&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2014%2F08%2F20%2Ftechnology%2Fuber-picks-a-political-insider-to-wage-its-regulatory-battles.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Plouffe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBalakrishnan2017" class="citation web cs1">Balakrishnan, Anita (January 10, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2017/01/10/ubers-david-plouffe-to-join-chan-zuckerberg.html">"Uber's David Plouffe to join Chan Zuckerberg Initiative"</a>. <i>CNBC</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 21,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNBC&rft.atitle=Uber%27s+David+Plouffe+to+join+Chan+Zuckerberg+Initiative&rft.date=2017-01-10&rft.aulast=Balakrishnan&rft.aufirst=Anita&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbc.com%2F2017%2F01%2F10%2Fubers-david-plouffe-to-join-chan-zuckerberg.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Plouffe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMontellaro2019" class="citation web cs1">Montellaro, Zach (September 5, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.com/story/2019/09/05/david-plouffe-to-join-acronym-board-of-directors-1481734">"David Plouffe to join ACRONYM board of directors"</a>. <i>Politico</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 4,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Politico&rft.atitle=David+Plouffe+to+join+ACRONYM+board+of+directors&rft.date=2019-09-05&rft.aulast=Montellaro&rft.aufirst=Zach&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.com%2Fstory%2F2019%2F09%2F05%2Fdavid-plouffe-to-join-acronym-board-of-directors-1481734&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Plouffe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Darnell-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Darnell_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDarnell2020" class="citation news cs1">Darnell, Tim (March 19, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ajc.com/news/last-woman-standing-tulsi-gabbard-ends-white-house-bid-endorses-joe-biden/SuriRk8oY9nsIHxEvUCOBI/">"Last woman standing: Tulsi Gabbard ends White House bid, endorses Joe Biden"</a>. Atlanta Journal-Constitution<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 17,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Last+woman+standing%3A+Tulsi+Gabbard+ends+White+House+bid%2C+endorses+Joe+Biden&rft.date=2020-03-19&rft.aulast=Darnell&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajc.com%2Fnews%2Flast-woman-standing-tulsi-gabbard-ends-white-house-bid-endorses-joe-biden%2FSuriRk8oY9nsIHxEvUCOBI%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Plouffe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.radio-online.com/articles/n37468/Cadence13-Launches-Campaign-HQ-with-David-Plouffe">"Cadence13 Launches <i>Campaign HQ</i> with David Plouffe"</a>. Radio Online. September 13, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 17,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Cadence13+Launches+Campaign+HQ+with+David+Plouffe&rft.date=2019-09-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.radio-online.com%2Farticles%2Fn37468%2FCadence13-Launches-Campaign-HQ-with-David-Plouffe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Plouffe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLizza2024" class="citation news cs1">Lizza, Ryan (August 2, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.com/news/2024/08/02/plouffe-joins-harris-campaign-as-senior-adviser-00172478">"Plouffe among corps of new advisers to Harris campaign"</a>. Politico.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Plouffe+among+corps+of+new+advisers+to+Harris+campaign&rft.date=2024-08-02&rft.aulast=Lizza&rft.aufirst=Ryan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.com%2Fnews%2F2024%2F08%2F02%2Fplouffe-joins-harris-campaign-as-senior-adviser-00172478&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Plouffe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMark_Leibovich2012" class="citation news cs1">Mark Leibovich (February 21, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/20/us/politics/plouffe-obama-aide-lends-firm-hand-to-campaign.html?pagewanted=all">"From Knife Seller to the President's Hard Edge"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. p. A1<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=From+Knife+Seller+to+the+President%27s+Hard+Edge&rft.pages=A1&rft.date=2012-02-21&rft.au=Mark+Leibovich&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2012%2F02%2F20%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Fplouffe-obama-aide-lends-firm-hand-to-campaign.html%3Fpagewanted%3Dall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Plouffe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVogel,_Kenneth_P.2012" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_P._Vogel" title="Kenneth P. Vogel">Vogel, Kenneth P.</a> (February 12, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0209/18818.html">"Plouffe speech in Azerbaijan draws fire"</a>. <i>Politico</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Politico&rft.atitle=Plouffe+speech+in+Azerbaijan+draws+fire&rft.date=2012-02-12&rft.au=Vogel%2C+Kenneth+P.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.com%2Fnews%2Fstories%2F0209%2F18818.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Plouffe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHamburger,_Tom_&_Peter_Wallsten2012" class="citation news cs1">Hamburger, Tom & Peter Wallsten (August 5, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/obama-associate-got-100000-fee-from-affiliate-of-firm-doing-business-with-iran/2012/08/05/5e6888a2-dda2-11e1-8e43-4a3c4375504a_print.html">"Obama associate got $100,000 fee from affiliate of firm doing business with Iran"</a>. <i>The Washington Post</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Obama+associate+got+%24100%2C000+fee+from+affiliate+of+firm+doing+business+with+Iran&rft.date=2012-08-05&rft.au=Hamburger%2C+Tom+%26+Peter+Wallsten&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fpolitics%2Fobama-associate-got-100000-fee-from-affiliate-of-firm-doing-business-with-iran%2F2012%2F08%2F05%2F5e6888a2-dda2-11e1-8e43-4a3c4375504a_print.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Plouffe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaker2012" class="citation news cs1">Baker, Peter (August 7, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/07/us/politics/david-plouffe-defended-for-ties-to-iran-linked-company.html?_r=1&">"Aide's Fees Draw Critics and, Then, Defenders"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 10,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Aide%27s+Fees+Draw+Critics+and%2C+Then%2C+Defenders&rft.date=2012-08-07&rft.aulast=Baker&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2012%2F08%2F07%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Fdavid-plouffe-defended-for-ties-to-iran-linked-company.html%3F_r%3D1%26&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Plouffe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Blake, Aaron. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/post-politics/wp/2013/06/03/plouffe-calls-issa-mr-grand-theft-auto">"Plouffe calls Issa 'Mr. Grand Theft Auto'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>. June 3, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 20,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Plouffe+calls+Issa+%27Mr.+Grand+Theft+Auto%27&rft.date=2013-06-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fblogs%2Fpost-politics%2Fwp%2F2013%2F06%2F03%2Fplouffe-calls-issa-mr-grand-theft-auto&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Plouffe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hoffmann, Bill. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://baltimorejewishlife.com/news/news-detail.php?SECTION_ID=2&ARTICLE_ID=38547">"Plouffe, White House Aides Target Issa"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131110164426/http://baltimorejewishlife.com/news/news-detail.php?SECTION_ID=2&ARTICLE_ID=38547">Archived</a> 2013-11-10 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>Baltimore Jewish Life</i>, June 3, 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jackson, David, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/theoval/2013/06/03/obama-darrell-issa-david-plouffe-irs-investigation/2383659">"Rep. Issa, Obama aide have war of words"</a>, usatoday.com, June 3, 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Jake_Tapper" title="Jake Tapper">Tapper, Jake</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130607223008/http://politicalticker.blogs.cnn.com/2013/06/02/irs-controversy-turns-personal-nasty/">"IRS controversy turns personal, nasty"</a>, cnn.com, June 2, 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Frank, James. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/blogs/itsallpolitics/2013/06/03/188430285/white-house-issa-fight-nasty-but-normal-in-Washington">NPR: "White House-Issa Fight: Nasty But Normal In Washington"</a>, npr.org, June 3, 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kopan, Tal. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.politico.com/story/2013/06/david-plouffe-darrell-issa-twitter-92132.html">"David Plouffe rips Darrell Issa 'loose ethically'"</a>, politico.com, June 3, 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Plouffe_fined_$90000-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Plouffe_fined_$90000_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bizjournals.com/chicago/news/2017/02/16/ex-obama-aide-david-plouffe-fined-regarding-uber.html">"Fined"</a>. <i>Chicago Business Journal</i>. February 16, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Business+Journal&rft.atitle=Fined&rft.date=2017-02-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bizjournals.com%2Fchicago%2Fnews%2F2017%2F02%2F16%2Fex-obama-aide-david-plouffe-fined-regarding-uber.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Plouffe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091216051824/http://awomansnation.com/acknowledgements.php">"The Shriver Report"</a>. awomansnation.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.awomansnation.com/acknowledgements.php">the original</a> on December 16, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 6,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Shriver+Report&rft.pub=awomansnation.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.awomansnation.com%2Facknowledgements.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Plouffe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091129133128/http://www.pcah.gov/2009Bios/Morgan.html">"Olivia Morgan, Washington, DC"</a>. President's Committee on the Arts and the Humanities. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pcah.gov/2009Bios/Morgan.html">the original</a> on November 29, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Olivia+Morgan%2C+Washington%2C+DC&rft.pub=President%27s+Committee+on+the+Arts+and+the+Humanities&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pcah.gov%2F2009Bios%2FMorgan.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Plouffe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121109204714/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/olivia-morgan">"Olivia Morgan"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Huffington_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="The Huffington Post">The Huffington Post</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/olivia-morgan">the original</a> on November 9, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 24,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Huffington+Post&rft.atitle=Olivia+Morgan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.com%2Folivia-morgan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Plouffe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCillizza2008" class="citation news cs1">Cillizza, Chris (November 7, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090709151848/http://voices.washingtonpost.com/thefix/2008/11/plouffe_to_the_senate.html">"Plouffe to the Senate?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://voices.washingtonpost.com/thefix/2008/11/plouffe_to_the_senate.html">the original</a> on July 9, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 7,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Plouffe+to+the+Senate%3F&rft.date=2008-11-07&rft.aulast=Cillizza&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvoices.washingtonpost.com%2Fthefix%2F2008%2F11%2Fplouffe_to_the_senate.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Plouffe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Plouffe&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:David_Plouffe" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:David Plouffe">David Plouffe</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/person/?83080">Appearances</a> on <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/p/david_plouffe">Collected news and commentary</a> at <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.depauw.edu/news/index.asp?id=22876">David Plouffe Ubben Lecture</a> at <a href="/wiki/DePauw_University" title="DePauw University">DePauw University</a>, February 2, 2009</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.portfolio.com/views/columns/the-world-according-to/2008/12/11/David-Plouffe-Interview">interview</a> at Conde Nast <i>Portfolio</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ccragg123.libsyn.com/david-plouffe-obama-s-2008-campaign-manager-on-his-book-audacity-to-win-again-">Radio interview with Claudia Cragg KGNU on 'The Audacity to Win<i></i></a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/David_Axelrod_(political_consultant)" class="mw-redirect" title="David Axelrod (political consultant)">David Axelrod</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Senior_Advisor_to_the_President_of_the_United_States" title="Senior Advisor to the President of the United States">Senior Advisor to the President</a> </b><br />2011–2013 <br />Served alongside: <b><a href="/wiki/Valerie_Jarrett" title="Valerie Jarrett">Valerie Jarrett</a></b> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Pfeiffer" title="Daniel Pfeiffer">Dan Pfeiffer</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Obama_administration_personnel" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Obama_Administration_personnel" title="Template:Obama Administration personnel"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Obama_Administration_personnel" title="Template talk:Obama Administration personnel"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Obama_Administration_personnel" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Obama Administration personnel"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Obama_administration_personnel" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Barack_Obama" title="Presidency of Barack Obama">Obama administration personnel</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0em;"><div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="Cabinet_and_cabinet-level"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Obama_personnel,_Cabinet-level_child-template" title="Template:Obama personnel, Cabinet-level child-template"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Obama_personnel,_Cabinet-level_child-template" title="Template talk:Obama personnel, Cabinet-level child-template"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Obama_personnel,_Cabinet-level_child-template" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Obama personnel, Cabinet-level child-template"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cabinet_and_cabinet-level" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_United_States" title="Cabinet of the United States">Cabinet and cabinet-level</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div><table style="font-size:100%; width:100%; border-collapse:collapse;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold; text-align:center; border-left:2px #fafafa solid; border-right:2px #fafafa solid;;width:18%"> Office</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold; text-align:center; border-left:2px #fafafa solid; border-right:2px #fafafa solid;;width:8%"> Name</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold; text-align:center; border-left:2px #fafafa solid; border-right:2px #fafafa solid;;width:8%"> Term</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold; text-align:center; border-left:2px #fafafa solid; border-right:2px #fafafa solid;;width:18%"> Office</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold; text-align:center; border-left:2px #fafafa solid; border-right:2px #fafafa solid;;width:8%"> Name</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold; text-align:center; border-left:2px #fafafa solid; border-right:2px #fafafa solid;;width:8%"> Term</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:18%"> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">Secretary of State</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">John Kerry</a></td><td style="width:8%"> 2013–2017</td><td style="width:18%"> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Secretary of the Treasury">Secretary of Treasury</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Jack_Lew" title="Jack Lew">Jack Lew</a></td><td style="width:8%"> 2013–2017</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:18%"> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Defense" title="United States Secretary of Defense">Secretary of Defense</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Ash_Carter" title="Ash Carter">Ashton Carter</a></td><td style="width:8%"> 2015–2017</td><td style="width:18%"> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Attorney_General" title="United States Attorney General">Attorney General</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Loretta_Lynch" title="Loretta Lynch">Loretta Lynch</a></td><td style="width:8%"> 2015–2017</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:18%"> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Interior" title="United States Secretary of the Interior">Secretary of the Interior</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Sally_Jewell" title="Sally Jewell">Sally Jewell</a></td><td style="width:8%"> 2013–2017</td><td style="width:18%"> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Agriculture" title="United States Secretary of Agriculture">Secretary of Agriculture</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Tom_Vilsack" title="Tom Vilsack">Tom Vilsack</a></td><td style="width:8%"> 2009–2017</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:18%"> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Commerce" title="United States Secretary of Commerce">Secretary of Commerce</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Penny_Pritzker" title="Penny Pritzker">Penny Pritzker</a></td><td style="width:8%"> 2013–2017</td><td style="width:18%"> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Labor" title="United States Secretary of Labor">Secretary of Labor</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Tom_Perez" title="Tom Perez">Thomas Perez</a></td><td style="width:8%"> 2013–2017</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:18%"> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Health_and_Human_Services" title="United States Secretary of Health and Human Services">Secretary of Health and<br />  Human Services</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Sylvia_Mathews_Burwell" title="Sylvia Mathews Burwell">Sylvia Mathews Burwell</a></td><td style="width:8%"> 2014–2017</td><td style="width:18%"> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Education" title="United States Secretary of Education">Secretary of Education</a><br /><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Transportation" title="United States Secretary of Transportation">Secretary of Transportation</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/John_King_Jr." title="John King Jr.">John King Jr.</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Foxx" title="Anthony Foxx">Anthony Foxx</a></td><td style="width:8%"> 2016–2017<br />2013–2017</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:18%"> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Housing_and_Urban_Development" title="United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development">Secretary of Housing and Urban<br />  Development</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Julian_Castro" title="Julian Castro">Julian Castro</a></td><td style="width:8%"> 2014–2017</td><td style="width:18%"> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Veterans_Affairs" title="United States Secretary of Veterans Affairs">Secretary of Veterans Affairs</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Robert_A._McDonald" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert A. McDonald">Robert A. McDonald</a></td><td style="width:8%"> 2014–2017</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="padding-bottom: 0.25em; border-bottom: 2px solid #ddf;;width:18%"> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Energy" title="United States Secretary of Energy">Secretary of Energy</a></td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.25em; border-bottom: 2px solid #ddf;;width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Moniz" title="Ernest Moniz">Ernest Moniz</a></td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.25em; border-bottom: 2px solid #ddf;;width:8%"> 2013–2017</td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.25em; border-bottom: 2px solid #ddf;;width:18%"> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Homeland_Security" title="United States Secretary of Homeland Security">Secretary of Homeland Security</a></td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.25em; border-bottom: 2px solid #ddf;;width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Jeh_Johnson" title="Jeh Johnson">Jeh Johnson</a></td><td style="padding-bottom: 0.25em; border-bottom: 2px solid #ddf;;width:8%"> 2013–2017</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:18%"> <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a></td><td style="width:8%"> 2009–2017</td><td style="width:18%"> <a href="/wiki/White_House_Chief_of_Staff" title="White House Chief of Staff">White House Chief of Staff</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Denis_McDonough" title="Denis McDonough">Denis McDonough</a></td><td style="width:8%"> 2013–2017</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:18%"> <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Management_and_Budget" title="Office of Management and Budget">Director of the Office of Management and<br />  Budget</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Shaun_Donovan" title="Shaun Donovan">Shaun Donovan</a></td><td style="width:8%"> 2014–2017</td><td style="width:18%"> <a href="/wiki/Administrator_of_the_Environmental_Protection_Agency" title="Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency">Administrator of the Environmental<br />  Protection Agency</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Gina_McCarthy" title="Gina McCarthy">Gina McCarthy</a></td><td style="width:8%"> 2013–2017</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:18%"> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Ambassador_to_the_United_Nations" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Ambassador to the United Nations">Ambassador to the United Nations</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Samantha_Power" title="Samantha Power">Samantha Power</a></td><td style="width:8%"> 2013–2017</td><td style="width:18%"> <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Economic_Advisers" title="Council of Economic Advisers">Chair of the Council of Economic<br />  Advisers</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Jason_Furman" title="Jason Furman">Jason Furman</a></td><td style="width:8%"> 2013–2017</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:18%"> <a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_United_States_Trade_Representative" title="Office of the United States Trade Representative">Trade Representative</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Michael_Froman" title="Michael Froman">Michael Froman</a></td><td style="width:8%"> 2013–2017</td><td style="width:18%"> <a href="/wiki/Administrator_of_the_Small_Business_Administration" title="Administrator of the Small Business Administration">Administrator of the Small Business Administration</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Maria_Contreras-Sweet" title="Maria Contreras-Sweet">Maria Contreras-Sweet</a></td><td style="width:8%"> 2014–2017</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><small><i>Below solid line: Granted <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_United_States#Cabinet-level_officers" title="Cabinet of the United States">Cabinet rank</a> although not automatically part of the Cabinet. See also: <a href="/wiki/Confirmations_of_Barack_Obama%27s_Cabinet" class="mw-redirect" title="Confirmations of Barack Obama's Cabinet">Confirmations of Barack Obama's Cabinet</a></i></small></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0em;"><div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="Executive_Office_of_the_President"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Obama_Executive_Office" title="Template:Obama Executive Office"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Obama_Executive_Office" title="Template talk:Obama Executive Office"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Obama_Executive_Office" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Obama Executive Office"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Executive_Office_of_the_President" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Executive_Office_of_the_President_of_the_United_States" title="Executive Office of the President of the United States">Executive Office of the President</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div><table style="font-size:100%; width:100%; border-collapse:collapse;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold; text-align:center; border-left:2px #fafafa solid; border-right:2px #fafafa solid;;width:21%"> Office</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold; text-align:center; border-left:2px #fafafa solid; border-right:2px #fafafa solid;;width:8%"> Name</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold; text-align:center; border-left:2px #fafafa solid; border-right:2px #fafafa solid;;width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> Term</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold; text-align:center; border-left:2px #fafafa solid; border-right:2px #fafafa solid;;width:21%"> Office</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold; text-align:center; border-left:2px #fafafa solid; border-right:2px #fafafa solid;;width:8%"> Name</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold; text-align:center; border-left:2px #fafafa solid; border-right:2px #fafafa solid;;width:5%"> Term</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"> <a href="/wiki/White_House_Chief_of_Staff" title="White House Chief of Staff">White House Chief of Staff</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Rahm_Emanuel" title="Rahm Emanuel">Rahm Emanuel</a></td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2009–10</td><td style="width:21%"> <a href="/wiki/National_Security_Advisor_(United_States)" title="National Security Advisor (United States)">National Security Advisor</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/James_L._Jones" title="James L. Jones">James L. Jones</a></td><td style="width:5%"> 2009–10</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Pete_Rouse" title="Pete Rouse">Pete Rouse</a></td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2010–11</td><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_E._Donilon" title="Thomas E. Donilon">Thomas E. Donilon</a></td><td style="width:5%"> 2010–13</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/William_M._Daley" title="William M. Daley">William M. Daley</a></td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2011–12</td><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Susan_Rice" title="Susan Rice">Susan Rice</a></td><td style="width:5%"> 2013–17</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Jack_Lew" title="Jack Lew">Jack Lew</a></td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2012–13</td><td style="width:21%"> <a href="/wiki/Deputy_National_Security_Advisor_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Deputy National Security Advisor (United States)">Deputy National Security Advisor</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_E._Donilon" title="Thomas E. Donilon">Thomas E. Donilon</a></td><td style="width:5%"> 2009–10</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Denis_McDonough" title="Denis McDonough">Denis McDonough</a></td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2013–17</td><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Denis_McDonough" title="Denis McDonough">Denis McDonough</a></td><td style="width:5%"> 2010–13</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"> <a href="/wiki/White_House_Deputy_Chief_of_Staff" title="White House Deputy Chief of Staff">White House Deputy Chief of Staff</a> for Policy</td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Mona_Sutphen" title="Mona Sutphen">Mona Sutphen</a></td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2009–11</td><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Antony_Blinken" title="Antony Blinken">Antony Blinken</a></td><td style="width:5%"> 2013–14</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Nancy-Ann_DeParle" title="Nancy-Ann DeParle">Nancy-Ann DeParle</a></td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2011–13</td><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Avril_Haines" title="Avril Haines">Avril Haines</a></td><td style="width:5%"> 2015–17</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Rob_Nabors" title="Rob Nabors">Rob Nabors</a></td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2013–15</td><td style="width:21%"> Dep. National Security Advisor, Homeland Security</td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/John_O._Brennan" class="mw-redirect" title="John O. Brennan">John O. Brennan</a></td><td style="width:5%"> 2009–13</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"> White House Deputy Chief of Staff for Operations</td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Jim_Messina_(political_staffer)" title="Jim Messina (political staffer)">Jim Messina</a></td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2009–11</td><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Lisa_Monaco" title="Lisa Monaco">Lisa Monaco</a></td><td style="width:5%"> 2013–17</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Alyssa_Mastromonaco" title="Alyssa Mastromonaco">Alyssa Mastromonaco</a></td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2011–14</td><td style="width:21%"> Dep. National Security Advisor, Iraq and Afghanistan</td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Lute" title="Douglas Lute">Douglas Lute</a>†</td><td style="width:5%"> 2009–13</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Anita_Decker_Breckenridge" title="Anita Decker Breckenridge">Anita Decker Breckenridge</a></td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2014–17</td><td style="width:21%"> Dep. National Security Advisor, Strategic Comm.</td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Ben_Rhodes_(White_House_staffer)" title="Ben Rhodes (White House staffer)">Ben Rhodes</a></td><td style="width:5%"> 2009–17</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"> White House Deputy Chief of Staff for Planning</td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Mark_B._Childress" title="Mark B. Childress">Mark B. Childress</a></td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2012–14</td><td style="width:21%"> Dep. National Security Advisor, Chief of Staff</td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Mark_Lippert" class="mw-redirect" title="Mark Lippert">Mark Lippert</a></td><td style="width:5%"> 2009</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Kristie_Canegallo" title="Kristie Canegallo">Kristie Canegallo</a></td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2014–17</td><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Denis_McDonough" title="Denis McDonough">Denis McDonough</a></td><td style="width:5%"> 2009–10</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"> <a href="/wiki/Counselor_to_the_President" title="Counselor to the President">Counselor to the President</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Pete_Rouse" title="Pete Rouse">Pete Rouse</a></td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2011–13</td><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Brooke_D._Anderson" title="Brooke D. Anderson">Brooke D. Anderson</a></td><td style="width:5%"> 2011–12</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/John_Podesta" title="John Podesta">John Podesta</a></td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2014–15</td><td style="width:21%"> <a href="/wiki/White_House_Communications_Director" title="White House Communications Director">White House Communications Director</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Ellen_Moran" title="Ellen Moran">Ellen Moran</a></td><td style="width:5%"> 2009</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"> <a href="/wiki/Senior_Advisor_to_the_President_of_the_United_States" title="Senior Advisor to the President of the United States">Senior Advisor to the President</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/David_Axelrod_(political_consultant)" class="mw-redirect" title="David Axelrod (political consultant)">David Axelrod</a></td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2009–11</td><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Anita_Dunn" title="Anita Dunn">Anita Dunn</a></td><td style="width:5%"> 2009</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">David Plouffe</a></td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2011–13</td><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Pfeiffer" title="Daniel Pfeiffer">Daniel Pfeiffer</a></td><td style="width:5%"> 2009–13</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Pfeiffer" title="Daniel Pfeiffer">Daniel Pfeiffer</a></td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2013–15</td><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Palmieri" title="Jennifer Palmieri">Jennifer Palmieri</a></td><td style="width:5%"> 2013–15</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Shailagh_Murray" title="Shailagh Murray">Shailagh Murray</a></td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2015–17</td><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Jen_Psaki" title="Jen Psaki">Jen Psaki</a></td><td style="width:5%"> 2015–17</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"> Senior Advisor to the President</td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Pete_Rouse" title="Pete Rouse">Pete Rouse</a></td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2009–10</td><td style="width:21%"> Deputy White House Communications Director</td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Jen_Psaki" title="Jen Psaki">Jen Psaki</a></td><td style="width:5%"> 2009–11</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Brian_Deese" title="Brian Deese">Brian Deese</a></td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2015–17</td><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Palmieri" title="Jennifer Palmieri">Jennifer Palmieri</a></td><td style="width:5%"> 2011–14</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"> Senior Advisor to the President and</td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Valerie_Jarrett" title="Valerie Jarrett">Valerie Jarrett</a></td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2009–17</td><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> Amy Brundage</td><td style="width:5%"> 2014–16</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"> Assistant to the President for</td><td style="width:8%"></td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"></td><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> Liz Allen</td><td style="width:5%"> 2016–17</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"> Public Engagement and Intergovernmental Affairs</td><td style="width:8%"></td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"></td><td style="width:21%"> <a href="/wiki/White_House_Press_Secretary" title="White House Press Secretary">White House Press Secretary</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Gibbs" title="Robert Gibbs">Robert Gibbs</a></td><td style="width:5%"> 2009–11</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"> Director, <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Public_Liaison" class="mw-redirect" title="Office of Public Liaison">Public Engagement</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Tina_Tchen" title="Tina Tchen">Tina Tchen</a></td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2009–11</td><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Jay_Carney" title="Jay Carney">Jay Carney</a></td><td style="width:5%"> 2011–13</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> Jon Carson</td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2011–13</td><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Josh_Earnest" title="Josh Earnest">Josh Earnest</a></td><td style="width:5%"> 2013–17</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> Paulette L. Aniskoff</td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2013–17</td><td style="width:21%"> Deputy Press Secretary</td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Bill_Burton_(political_consultant)" title="Bill Burton (political consultant)">Bill Burton</a></td><td style="width:5%"> 2009–11</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"> Director, <a href="/wiki/White_House_Office_of_Intergovernmental_Affairs" title="White House Office of Intergovernmental Affairs">Intergovernmental Affairs</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Cecilia_Mu%C3%B1oz" title="Cecilia Muñoz">Cecilia Muñoz</a></td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2009–12</td><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Josh_Earnest" title="Josh Earnest">Josh Earnest</a></td><td style="width:5%"> 2011–13</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> David Agnew</td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2012–14</td><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Eric_Schultz" title="Eric Schultz">Eric Schultz</a></td><td style="width:5%"> 2014–17</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Abramson" title="Jerry Abramson">Jerry Abramson</a></td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2014–17</td><td style="width:21%"> Director of Special Projects</td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Stephanie_Cutter" title="Stephanie Cutter">Stephanie Cutter</a></td><td style="width:5%"> 2010–11</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"> Director, <a href="/wiki/National_Economic_Council_(United_States)" title="National Economic Council (United States)">National Economic Council</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Summers" title="Lawrence Summers">Lawrence Summers</a></td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2009–10</td><td style="width:21%"> Director, Speechwriting</td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Jon_Favreau_(speechwriter)" title="Jon Favreau (speechwriter)">Jon Favreau</a></td><td style="width:5%"> 2009–13</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Gene_Sperling" title="Gene Sperling">Gene Sperling</a></td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2011–14</td><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Cody_Keenan" title="Cody Keenan">Cody Keenan</a></td><td style="width:5%"> 2013–17</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Zients" title="Jeff Zients">Jeff Zients</a></td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2014–17</td><td style="width:21%"> Director, Digital Strategy</td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Macon_Phillips" title="Macon Phillips">Macon Phillips</a></td><td style="width:5%"> 2009–13</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"> Chair, <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Economic_Advisers" title="Council of Economic Advisers">Council of Economic Advisers</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Christina_Romer" title="Christina Romer">Christina Romer</a></td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2009–10</td><td style="width:21%"> Chief Digital Officer</td><td style="width:8%"> Jason Goldman</td><td style="width:5%"> 2015–17</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Austan_Goolsbee" title="Austan Goolsbee">Austan Goolsbee</a></td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2010–13</td><td style="width:21%"> Director, Legislative Affairs</td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Phil_Schiliro" title="Phil Schiliro">Phil Schiliro</a></td><td style="width:5%"> 2009–11</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Jason_Furman" title="Jason Furman">Jason Furman</a></td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2013–17</td><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Rob_Nabors" title="Rob Nabors">Rob Nabors</a></td><td style="width:5%"> 2011–13</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"> Chair, <a href="/wiki/President%27s_Council_on_Jobs_and_Competitiveness" title="President's Council on Jobs and Competitiveness">Economic Recovery Advisory Board</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Paul_Volcker" title="Paul Volcker">Paul Volcker</a></td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2009–11</td><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Katie_Beirne_Fallon" title="Katie Beirne Fallon">Katie Beirne Fallon</a></td><td style="width:5%"> 2013–16</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"> Chair, <a href="/wiki/President%27s_Council_on_Jobs_and_Competitiveness" title="President's Council on Jobs and Competitiveness">Council on Jobs and Competitiveness</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Immelt" title="Jeff Immelt">Jeff Immelt</a></td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2011–13</td><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> Miguel Rodriguez</td><td style="width:5%"> 2016</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"> Director, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Domestic_Policy_Council" title="United States Domestic Policy Council">Domestic Policy Council</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Melody_Barnes" title="Melody Barnes">Melody Barnes</a></td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2009–12</td><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> Amy Rosenbaum</td><td style="width:5%"> 2016–17</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Cecilia_Mu%C3%B1oz" title="Cecilia Muñoz">Cecilia Muñoz</a></td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2012–17</td><td style="width:21%"> Director, Political Affairs</td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Gaspard" title="Patrick Gaspard">Patrick Gaspard</a></td><td style="width:5%"> 2009–11</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"> Director, <a href="/wiki/White_House_Office_of_Faith-Based_and_Neighborhood_Partnerships" title="White House Office of Faith-Based and Neighborhood Partnerships">Office of Faith-Based and Neighborhood Partnerships</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Joshua_DuBois" title="Joshua DuBois">Joshua DuBois</a></td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2009–13</td><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/David_Simas" title="David Simas">David Simas</a></td><td style="width:5%"> 2011–16</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Melissa_Rogers" title="Melissa Rogers">Melissa Rogers</a></td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2013–17</td><td style="width:21%"> Director, Presidential Personnel</td><td style="width:8%"> Nancy Hogan</td><td style="width:5%"> 2009–13</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"> Director, <a href="/wiki/White_House_Office_of_Health_Reform" title="White House Office of Health Reform">Office of Health Reform</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Nancy-Ann_DeParle" title="Nancy-Ann DeParle">Nancy-Ann DeParle</a></td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2009–11</td><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> Johnathan D. McBride</td><td style="width:5%"> 2013–14</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"> Director, <a href="/wiki/Office_of_National_AIDS_Policy" title="Office of National AIDS Policy">Office of National AIDS Policy</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Crowley" title="Jeffrey Crowley">Jeffrey Crowley</a></td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2009–11</td><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> Valerie E. Green</td><td style="width:5%"> 2014–15</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> Grant N. Colfax</td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2011–13</td><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> Rodin A. Mehrbani</td><td style="width:5%"> 2016–17</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> Douglas M. Brooks</td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2013–17</td><td style="width:21%"> <a href="/wiki/White_House_Office_of_the_Staff_Secretary" title="White House Office of the Staff Secretary">White House Staff Secretary</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Lisa_Brown_(lawyer)" title="Lisa Brown (lawyer)">Lisa Brown</a></td><td style="width:5%"> 2009–11</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"> Director, <a href="/wiki/White_House_Office_of_Urban_Affairs" title="White House Office of Urban Affairs">Office of Urban Affairs</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Adolfo_Carri%C3%B3n_Jr." title="Adolfo Carrión Jr.">Adolfo Carrión Jr.</a></td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2009–10</td><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Rajesh_De" title="Rajesh De">Rajesh De</a></td><td style="width:5%"> 2011–12</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> Racquel S. Russell</td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2010–14</td><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> Douglas Kramer</td><td style="width:5%"> 2012–13</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> Roy Austin Jr.</td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2014–17</td><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> Joani Walsh</td><td style="width:5%"> 2014–17</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"> Director, <a href="/wiki/White_House_Office_of_Energy_and_Climate_Change_Policy" title="White House Office of Energy and Climate Change Policy">Office of Energy and Climate Change Policy</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Carol_Browner" title="Carol Browner">Carol Browner</a></td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2009–11</td><td style="width:21%"> Director, Management and Administration</td><td style="width:8%"> Bradley J. Kiley</td><td style="width:5%"> 2009–11</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"> <a href="/wiki/White_House_Counsel" title="White House Counsel">White House Counsel</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Gregory_B._Craig" title="Gregory B. Craig">Greg Craig</a></td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2009–10</td><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> Katy A. Kale</td><td style="width:5%"> 2011–15</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Bauer" title="Robert Bauer">Bob Bauer</a></td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2010–11</td><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Maju_Varghese" title="Maju Varghese">Maju Varghese</a></td><td style="width:5%"> 2015–17</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Kathryn_Ruemmler" title="Kathryn Ruemmler">Kathryn Ruemmler</a></td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2011–14</td><td style="width:21%"> Director, Scheduling and Advance</td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Alyssa_Mastromonaco" title="Alyssa Mastromonaco">Alyssa Mastromonaco</a></td><td style="width:5%"> 2009–11</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Neil_Eggleston" title="Neil Eggleston">Neil Eggleston</a></td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2014–17</td><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> Danielle Crutchfield</td><td style="width:5%"> 2011–14</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"> <a href="/wiki/White_House_Cabinet_Secretary" title="White House Cabinet Secretary">White House Cabinet Secretary</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Chris_Lu" title="Chris Lu">Chris Lu</a></td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2009–13</td><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> Chase Cushman</td><td style="width:5%"> 2014–17</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Danielle_C._Gray" title="Danielle C. Gray">Danielle C. Gray</a></td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2013–14</td><td style="width:21%"> Director, White House Information Technology</td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/David_Recordon" title="David Recordon">David Recordon</a></td><td style="width:5%"> 2015–17</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Broderick_D._Johnson" title="Broderick D. Johnson">Broderick D. Johnson</a></td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2014–17</td><td style="width:21%"> Director, <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Administration" title="Office of Administration">Office of Administration</a></td><td style="width:8%"> Cameron Moody</td><td style="width:5%"> 2009–11</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"> Personal Aide to the President</td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Reggie_Love" title="Reggie Love">Reggie Love</a></td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2009–11</td><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> Beth Jones</td><td style="width:5%"> 2011–15</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Brian_Mosteller" title="Brian Mosteller">Brian Mosteller</a></td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2011–12</td><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> Cathy Solomon</td><td style="width:5%"> 2015–17</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> Marvin D. Nicholson</td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2012–17</td><td style="width:21%"> Director, <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Science_and_Technology_Policy" title="Office of Science and Technology Policy">Office of Science and Technology Policy</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/John_Holdren" title="John Holdren">John Holdren</a></td><td style="width:5%"> 2009–17</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"> Director, <a href="/wiki/Oval_Office_Operations" title="Oval Office Operations">Oval Office Operations</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Brian_Mosteller" title="Brian Mosteller">Brian Mosteller</a></td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2012–17</td><td style="width:21%"> <a href="/wiki/Chief_Technology_Officer_of_the_United_States" title="Chief Technology Officer of the United States">Chief Technology Officer</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Aneesh_Chopra" title="Aneesh Chopra">Aneesh Chopra</a></td><td style="width:5%"> 2009–12</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"> <a href="/wiki/Secretary_to_the_President_of_the_United_States" title="Secretary to the President of the United States">Personal Secretary to the President</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Katie_Johnson_(presidential_secretary)" class="mw-redirect" title="Katie Johnson (presidential secretary)">Katie Johnson</a></td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2009–11</td><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Todd_Park" title="Todd Park">Todd Park</a></td><td style="width:5%"> 2012–14</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Anita_Decker_Breckenridge" title="Anita Decker Breckenridge">Anita Decker Breckenridge</a></td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2011–14</td><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Megan_Smith" title="Megan Smith">Megan Smith</a></td><td style="width:5%"> 2014–17</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Ferial_Govashiri" title="Ferial Govashiri">Ferial Govashiri</a></td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2014–17</td><td style="width:21%"> Director, <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Management_and_Budget" title="Office of Management and Budget">Office of Management and Budget</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Peter_R._Orszag" title="Peter R. Orszag">Peter R. Orszag</a></td><td style="width:5%"> 2009–10</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"> <a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_First_Lady_of_the_United_States" title="Office of the First Lady of the United States">Chief of Staff to the First Lady</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Jackie_Norris" title="Jackie Norris">Jackie Norris</a></td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2009</td><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Jack_Lew" title="Jack Lew">Jack Lew</a></td><td style="width:5%"> 2010–12</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Susan_Sher" title="Susan Sher">Susan Sher</a></td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2009–11</td><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Zients" title="Jeff Zients">Jeff Zients</a></td><td style="width:5%"> 2012–13</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Tina_Tchen" title="Tina Tchen">Tina Tchen</a></td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2011–17</td><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Sylvia_Mathews_Burwell" title="Sylvia Mathews Burwell">Sylvia Mathews Burwell</a></td><td style="width:5%"> 2013–14</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"> <a href="/wiki/White_House_Social_Secretary" title="White House Social Secretary">White House Social Secretary</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Desir%C3%A9e_Rogers" title="Desirée Rogers">Desirée Rogers</a></td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2009–10</td><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Brian_Deese" title="Brian Deese">Brian Deese</a></td><td style="width:5%"> 2014</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Julianna_Smoot" title="Julianna Smoot">Julianna Smoot</a></td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2010–11</td><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Shaun_Donovan" title="Shaun Donovan">Shaun Donovan</a></td><td style="width:5%"> 2014–17</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Bernard" title="Jeremy Bernard">Jeremy Bernard</a></td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2011–15</td><td style="width:21%"> <a href="/wiki/Federal_Chief_Information_Officer_of_the_United_States" title="Federal Chief Information Officer of the United States">Chief Information Officer</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Vivek_Kundra" title="Vivek Kundra">Vivek Kundra</a></td><td style="width:5%"> 2009–11</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Deesha_Dyer" title="Deesha Dyer">Deesha Dyer</a></td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2015–17</td><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Steven_VanRoekel" title="Steven VanRoekel">Steven VanRoekel</a></td><td style="width:5%"> 2011–14</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"> <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Staff_to_the_Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Chief of Staff to the Vice President of the United States">Chief of Staff to the Vice President</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Ron_Klain" title="Ron Klain">Ron Klain</a></td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2009–11</td><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> Tony Scott</td><td style="width:5%"> 2015–17</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Reed_(political_operative)" title="Bruce Reed (political operative)">Bruce Reed</a></td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2011–13</td><td style="width:21%"> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Trade_Representative" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Trade Representative">United States Trade Representative</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Ron_Kirk" title="Ron Kirk">Ron Kirk</a></td><td style="width:5%"> 2009–13</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Steve_Ricchetti" title="Steve Ricchetti">Steve Ricchetti</a></td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2013–17</td><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Michael_Froman" title="Michael Froman">Michael Froman</a></td><td style="width:5%"> 2013–17</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"> <a href="/wiki/White_House_Chief_Usher" title="White House Chief Usher">White House Chief Usher</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Stephen_W._Rochon" title="Stephen W. Rochon">Stephen W. Rochon</a>†</td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2009–11</td><td style="width:21%"> Director, <a href="/wiki/Office_of_National_Drug_Control_Policy" title="Office of National Drug Control Policy">Office of National Drug Control Policy</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Gil_Kerlikowske" title="Gil Kerlikowske">Gil Kerlikowske</a></td><td style="width:5%"> 2009–14</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Angella_Reid" title="Angella Reid">Angella Reid</a></td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2011–17</td><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Michael_Botticelli" title="Michael Botticelli">Michael Botticelli</a></td><td style="width:5%"> 2014–17</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"> Director, <a href="/wiki/White_House_Military_Office" title="White House Military Office">White House Military Office</a></td><td style="width:8%"> George Mulligan</td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2009–13</td><td style="width:21%"> Chair, <a href="/wiki/Council_on_Environmental_Quality" title="Council on Environmental Quality">Council on Environmental Quality</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Nancy_Sutley" title="Nancy Sutley">Nancy Sutley</a></td><td style="width:5%"> 2009–14</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> Emmett Beliveau</td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2013–15</td><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> Michael Boots</td><td style="width:5%"> 2014–15</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> Dabney Kern</td><td style="width:5%; border-right:1px #dde solid;"> 2016–17</td><td style="width:21%"></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Christy_Goldfuss" title="Christy Goldfuss">Christy Goldfuss</a></td><td style="width:5%"> 2015–17</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>† Remained from <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_George_W._Bush" title="Presidency of George W. Bush">previous administration</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0em;"><div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="Office_of_the_Vice_President"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Biden_Vice_Presidential_staff" title="Template:Biden Vice Presidential staff"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Biden_Vice_Presidential_staff" title="Template talk:Biden Vice Presidential staff"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Biden_Vice_Presidential_staff" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Biden Vice Presidential staff"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Office_of_the_Vice_President" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Office of the Vice President of the United States">Office of the Vice President</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;width:50%;"><div> <table style="font-size:100%; width:100%; border-collapse:collapse;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold; text-align:center;;width:75%"> Position</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold; text-align:center;;width:25%; border-left:2px #fff solid"> Appointee</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:75%"> Chief of Staff to the Vice President</td><td style="width:25%; border-left:2px #fff solid"> <a href="/wiki/Steve_Ricchetti" title="Steve Ricchetti">Steve Ricchetti</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:75%"> Counsel to the Vice President</td><td style="width:25%; border-left:2px #fff solid"> <a href="/wiki/Cynthia_Hogan" title="Cynthia Hogan">Cynthia Hogan</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:75%"> Counselor to the Vice President</td><td style="width:25%; border-left:2px #fff solid"> <a href="/wiki/Mike_Donilon" title="Mike Donilon">Mike Donilon</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:75%"> Assistant to the Vice President for Intergovernmental Affairs and Public Liaison</td><td style="width:25%; border-left:2px #fff solid"> <a href="/wiki/Evan_Ryan" title="Evan Ryan">Evan Ryan</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:75%"> Assistant to the Vice President and Director of Communications</td><td style="width:25%; border-left:2px #fff solid"> <a href="/wiki/Shailagh_Murray" title="Shailagh Murray">Shailagh Murray</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:75%"> Deputy Chief of Staff to the Vice President</td><td style="width:25%; border-left:2px #fff solid"> <a href="/wiki/Shailagh_Murray" title="Shailagh Murray">Shailagh Murray</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:75%"> Deputy National Security Adviser to the Vice President</td><td style="width:25%; border-left:2px #fff solid"> <a href="/wiki/Brian_P._McKeon" title="Brian P. McKeon">Brian P. McKeon</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:75%"> Residence Manager and Social Secretary for the Vice President and Second Lady</td><td style="width:25%; border-left:2px #fff solid"> <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Elizondo" title="Carlos Elizondo">Carlos Elizondo</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:75%"> National Security Adviser to the Vice President</td><td style="width:25%; border-left:2px #fff solid"> <a href="/wiki/Colin_Kahl" title="Colin Kahl">Colin Kahl</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:50%;"><div> <table style="font-size:100%; width:100%; border-collapse:collapse;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold; text-align:center;;width:75%"> Position</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold; text-align:center;;width:25%; border-left:2px #fff solid"> Appointee</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:75%"> <a href="/wiki/Wife_of_the_Vice_President_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Wife of the Vice President of the United States">Chief of Staff to the Second Lady</a></td><td style="width:25%; border-left:2px #fff solid"> <a href="/wiki/Catherine_M._Russell" title="Catherine M. Russell">Catherine M. Russell</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:75%"> Director of Administration for the Office of the Vice President</td><td style="width:25%; border-left:2px #fff solid"> <a href="/wiki/Moises_Vela" title="Moises Vela">Moises Vela</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:75%"> Domestic Policy Adviser to the Vice President</td><td style="width:25%; border-left:2px #fff solid"> <a href="/wiki/Terrell_McSweeny" title="Terrell McSweeny">Terrell McSweeny</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:75%"> Chief Economist and Economic Policy Adviser to the Vice President</td><td style="width:25%; border-left:2px #fff solid"> <a href="/wiki/Jared_Bernstein" title="Jared Bernstein">Jared Bernstein</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:75%"> Press Secretary to the Vice President</td><td style="width:25%; border-left:2px #fff solid"> <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Alexander_(press_secretary)" title="Elizabeth Alexander (press secretary)">Elizabeth Alexander</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:75%"> Deputy Press Secretary to the Vice President</td><td style="width:25%; border-left:2px #fff solid"> Annie Tomasini</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:75%"> Director of Legislative Affairs</td><td style="width:25%; border-left:2px #fff solid"> <a href="/wiki/Sudafi_Henry" title="Sudafi Henry">Sudafi Henry</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:75%"> Director of Communications for the Second Lady</td><td style="width:25%; border-left:2px #fff solid"> Courtney O’Donnell</td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/US-WhiteHouse-Logo.svg/80px-US-WhiteHouse-Logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/US-WhiteHouse-Logo.svg/120px-US-WhiteHouse-Logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/US-WhiteHouse-Logo.svg/160px-US-WhiteHouse-Logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="83" data-file-height="58" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1176154#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1176154#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1176154#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121434105">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/91056763">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1789979/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJx4qybB37MQmF9XWmH3cP">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1207286052">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n2009045519">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb16522172w">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb16522172w">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p323345123">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/10103115">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007446965005171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/146320026">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/179018842">NARA</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/19px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/37px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/21px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/42px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/19px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/29px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/38px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics</a></li></ul></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=David_Plouffe&oldid=1258650381">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=David_Plouffe&oldid=1258650381</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1967_births" title="Category:1967 births">1967 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_people_of_French-Canadian_descent" title="Category:American people of French-Canadian descent">American people of French-Canadian descent</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:21st-century_American_non-fiction_writers" title="Category:21st-century American non-fiction writers">21st-century American non-fiction writers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_campaign_managers" title="Category:American campaign managers">American campaign managers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_male_non-fiction_writers" title="Category:American male non-fiction writers">American male non-fiction writers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_political_writers" title="Category:American political writers">American political writers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Delaware_Democrats" title="Category:Delaware Democrats">Delaware Democrats</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Harvard_Institute_of_Politics" title="Category:Harvard Institute of Politics">Harvard Institute of Politics</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Living_people" title="Category:Living people">Living people</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Obama_administration_personnel" title="Category:Obama administration personnel">Obama administration personnel</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Kamala_Harris_2024_presidential_campaign" title="Category:Kamala Harris 2024 presidential campaign">Kamala Harris 2024 presidential campaign</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_associated_with_the_2024_United_States_presidential_election" title="Category:People associated with the 2024 United States presidential election">People associated with the 2024 United States presidential election</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Wilmington,_Delaware" title="Category:People from Wilmington, Delaware">People from Wilmington, Delaware</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Senior_advisors_to_the_president_of_the_United_States" title="Category:Senior advisors to the president of the United States">Senior advisors to the president of the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:United_States_presidential_advisors" title="Category:United States presidential advisors">United States presidential advisors</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:University_of_Delaware_alumni" title="Category:University of Delaware alumni">University of Delaware alumni</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Former_Roman_Catholics" title="Category:Former Roman Catholics">Former Roman Catholics</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_Episcopalians" title="Category:American Episcopalians">American Episcopalians</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:21st-century_American_male_writers" title="Category:21st-century American male writers">21st-century American male writers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Chan_Zuckerberg_Initiative" title="Category:Chan Zuckerberg Initiative">Chan Zuckerberg Initiative</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_bare_URLs_for_citations" title="Category:All articles with bare URLs for citations">All articles with bare URLs for citations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_bare_URLs_for_citations_from_August_2024" title="Category:Articles with bare URLs for citations from August 2024">Articles with bare URLs for citations from August 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_June_2021" title="Category:Use mdy dates from June 2021">Use mdy dates from June 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_September_2017" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from September 2017">Articles with unsourced statements from September 2017</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link from Wikidata">Commons category link from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_appearing_on_C-SPAN" title="Category:People appearing on C-SPAN">People appearing on C-SPAN</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 20 November 2024, at 21:20<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=David_Plouffe&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-bnzx6","wgBackendResponseTime":135,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.158","walltime":"1.451","ppvisitednodes":{"value":12440,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":424945,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":5997,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":16,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":7,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":205652,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1273.693 1 -total"," 28.71% 365.630 1 Template:Infobox_officeholder"," 25.89% 329.744 1 Template:Reflist"," 21.33% 271.636 3 Template:Navbox"," 13.72% 174.807 1 Template:Obama_Administration_personnel"," 13.62% 173.507 26 Template:Cite_news"," 11.62% 147.963 17 Template:Infobox_officeholder/office"," 6.95% 88.518 18 Template:Cite_web"," 5.74% 73.169 1 Template:Short_description"," 5.34% 68.065 1 Template:Obama_personnel,_Cabinet-level_child-template"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.618","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":10538426,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-5blz9","timestamp":"20241122143249","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"David Plouffe","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/David_Plouffe","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1176154","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1176154","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2005-07-11T15:40:54Z","dateModified":"2024-11-20T21:20:45Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/8\/85\/David_Plouffe_official_portrait.jpg","headline":"political activist and strategist"}</script> </body> </html>