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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pre-colonization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Pre-colonization </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pre-colonization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Colonial_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Colonial_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Colonial period </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Colonial_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Revolutionary_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Revolutionary_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 The Revolutionary War </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Revolutionary_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Federal_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Federal_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Federal period </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Federal_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-19th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#19th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 19th century </div> </a> <ul id="toc-19th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-20th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#20th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.6 20th century </div> </a> <ul id="toc-20th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notable_20th_century_politicians" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_20th_century_politicians"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.6.1 Notable 20th century politicians </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_20th_century_politicians-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-21st_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#21st_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.7 21st century </div> </a> <ul id="toc-21st_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Geography </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Geography subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ecology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ecology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Ecology </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ecology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Climate </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Environmental_issues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Environmental_issues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Environmental issues </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Environmental_issues-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Environmental issues subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Environmental_issues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Climate_change" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate_change"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Climate change </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate_change-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Power_initiatives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Power_initiatives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Power initiatives </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Power_initiatives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Demographics </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Demographics subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Race_and_ancestry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Race_and_ancestry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Race and ancestry </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Race_and_ancestry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Languages </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Religion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Native_American_tribes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Native_American_tribes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 Native American tribes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Native_American_tribes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Education </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Economy </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Economy subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Agriculture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Agriculture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Agriculture </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Agriculture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Taxation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Taxation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Taxation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Taxation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Energy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Energy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 Energy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Energy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Transportation </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Transportation subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Regional_public_transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regional_public_transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Regional public transportation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Regional_public_transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Long-distance_rail_and_bus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Long-distance_rail_and_bus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 Long-distance rail and bus </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Long-distance_rail_and_bus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ferry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ferry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.3 Ferry </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ferry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rail_freight" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rail_freight"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.4 Rail freight </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rail_freight-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Air_service" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Air_service"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.5 Air service </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Air_service-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Roads" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roads"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.6 Roads </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roads-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government_and_politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government_and_politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Government and politics </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Government_and_politics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Government and politics subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Government_and_politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 Government </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Executive_branch" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Executive_branch"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1.1 Executive branch </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Executive_branch-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legislative_branch" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legislative_branch"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1.2 Legislative branch </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legislative_branch-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Judicial_branch" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Judicial_branch"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1.3 Judicial branch </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Judicial_branch-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Federal_representation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Federal_representation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1.4 Federal representation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Federal_representation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2 Politics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cities,_towns,_and_counties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cities,_towns,_and_counties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Cities, towns, and counties </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cities,_towns,_and_counties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arts,_culture,_and_recreation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arts,_culture,_and_recreation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Arts, culture, and recreation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arts,_culture,_and_recreation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Media </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Health" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Health </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Health-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 Sports </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 17 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 18 Bibliography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 19 Further reading </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Further reading subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Overviews_and_surveys" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Overviews_and_surveys"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 19.1 Overviews and surveys </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Overviews_and_surveys-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Secondary_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Secondary_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 19.2 Secondary sources </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Secondary_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 20 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Massachusetts</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 191 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-191" aria-hidden="true" > 191 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%9B%E1%88%A3%E1%89%B9%E1%88%B0%E1%89%B5%E1%88%B5" title="ማሣቹሰትስ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ማሣቹሰትስ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Anarâškielâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A6s%C4%8B%C5%ABtsits" title="Mæsċūtsits – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Mæsċūtsits" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B3" title="ماساتشوستس – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ماساتشوستس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A1%DC%90%DC%A3%DC%90%DC%AC%DC%AB%DC%98%DC%A3%DC%AC%DC%A3" title="ܡܐܣܐܬܫܘܣܬܣ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܡܐܣܐܬܫܘܣܬܣ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target">ܐܪܡܝܐ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%B9%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD%D5%A5%D6%81" title="Մասաչուսեց – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Մասաչուսեց" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Arpetan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts_suyu" title="Massachusetts suyu – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Massachusetts suyu" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aymar aru</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massa%C3%A7usets" title="Massaçusets – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Massaçusets" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7%DA%86%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA" title="ماساچوست – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ماساچوست" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%B8" title="ম্যাসাচুসেটস – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ম্যাসাচুসেটস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81" title="Массачусетс – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Массачусетс" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81" title="Масачусетс – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Масачусетс" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%83%D1%81%D1%8D%D1%82%D1%81" title="Масачусэтс – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Масачусэтс" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="मैसाचुसेट्स – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="मैसाचुसेट्स" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masajuset" title="Masajuset – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Masajuset" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bislama</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81" title="Масачузетс – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Масачузетс" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81" title="Массачусетс – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Массачусетс" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81" title="Массачусетс – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Массачусетс" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chavacano de Zamboanga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target">Corsu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dagbanli</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B3" title="ماساشوسيتس – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="ماساشوسيتس" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Davvisámegiella</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%B1%CF%87%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%83%CE%AD%CF%84%CE%B7" title="Μασαχουσέτη – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μασαχουσέτη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Emiliàn e rumagnòl</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masa%C4%89useco" title="Masaĉuseco – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Masaĉuseco" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7%DA%86%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA" title="ماساچوست – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ماساچوست" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagauz</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%BC%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8D%83%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8D%84%F0%90%8D%83%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8D%83%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8D%84%F0%90%8D%83" title="𐌼𐌰𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌹𐍄𐍃𐌹𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌹𐍄𐍃 – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌼𐌰𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌹𐍄𐍃𐌹𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌹𐍄𐍃" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target">𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%A4%EC%82%AC%EC%B6%94%EC%84%B8%EC%B8%A0%EC%A3%BC" title="매사추세츠주 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="매사추세츠주" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makakukeka" title="Makakukeka – Hawaiian" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Makakukeka" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaiian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hawaiʻi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%B9%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD%D5%A5%D5%A9%D5%BD" title="Մասաչուսեթս – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մասաչուսեթս" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="मैसाचुसेट्स – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मैसाचुसेट्स" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A1s%C3%A1chus%E1%BA%B9ts" title="Másáchusẹts – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Másáchusẹts" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Igbo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%A6%B8" title="ম্যাসাচুসেট্‌স – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="ম্যাসাচুসেট্‌স" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target">বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%92%AB%E1%93%B5%E1%93%B2%E1%93%B0%E1%91%A6%E1%94%85" title="ᒫᓵᓲᓰᑦᔅ – Inuktitut" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᒫᓵᓲᓰᑦᔅ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="Inuktitut" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masitchusat" title="Masitchusat – Inupiaq" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Masitchusat" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="Inupiaq" class="interlanguage-link-target">Iñupiatun</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81" title="Массачусетс – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Массачусетс" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/IMasetshusethi" title="IMasetshusethi – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="IMasetshusethi" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiXhosa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiZulu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%A6%27%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%A1" title="מסצ'וסטס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מסצ'וסטס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masacus%C9%9Bt%C9%A9s%C9%A9" title="Masacusɛtɩsɩ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Masacusɛtɩsɩ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%A9%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="მასაჩუსეტსი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მასაჩუსეტსი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81" title="Массачусетс – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Массачусетс" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masachos%C3%A8t" title="Masachosèt – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Masachosèt" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81" title="Массачусетс – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Массачусетс" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81" title="Массачусетс – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Массачусетс" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кырык мары</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladino</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%94%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B9%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%AA%E0%BB%8C" title="ລັດແມສຊາຊູເຊຕສ໌ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ລັດແມສຊາຊູເຊຕສ໌" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target">ລາວ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetta" title="Massachusetta – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Massachusetta" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masa%C4%8D%C5%ABsetsa" title="Masačūsetsa – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Masačūsetsa" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masa%C4%8Dusetsas" title="Masačusetsas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Masačusetsas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="म्यासेचुसेट्स – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="म्यासेचुसेट्स" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81" title="Масачусетс – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Масачусетс" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="മസാച്യുസെറ്റ്സ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മസാച്യുസെറ്റ്സ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahakureta" title="Mahakureta – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Mahakureta" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target">Māori</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="मॅसेच्युसेट्स – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मॅसेच्युसेट्स" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%A9%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="მასაჩუსეტსი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="მასაჩუსეტსი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B3" title="ماساتشوستس – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ماساتشوستس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7%DA%86%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA" title="ماساچوست – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="ماساچوست" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%86%EA%AF%A8%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%A0%EA%AF%A0%EA%AF%AD%EA%AF%81" title="ꯃꯥꯁꯁꯥꯆꯨꯁꯦꯠꯠ꯭ꯁ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯃꯥꯁꯁꯥꯆꯨꯁꯦꯠꯠ꯭ꯁ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%82%D1%81" title="Массачусеттс – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Массачусеттс" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%86%E1%80%AC%E1%80%81%E1%80%BB%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8%E1%80%86%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%80%BC%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA" title="မက်ဆာချူးဆက်ပြည်နယ် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="မက်ဆာချူးဆက်ပြည်နယ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – Fijian" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fijian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Na Vosa Vakaviti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nedersaksies</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="म्यासेचुसेट्स – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="म्यासेचुसेट्स" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="म्यासेच्युसेत्स – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="म्यासेच्युसेत्स" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%82%B5%E3%83%81%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BB%E3%83%83%E3%83%84%E5%B7%9E" title="マサチューセッツ州 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マサチューセッツ州" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81" title="Массачусетс – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Массачусетс" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norfuk / Pitkern</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81" title="Массачусетс – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Массачусетс" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Олык марий</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusets" title="Massachusets – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Massachusets" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%B8" title="ਮੈਸਾਚੂਸਟਸ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮੈਸਾਚੂਸਟਸ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="म्यासेच्युसेट्स – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="म्यासेच्युसेट्स" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target">पालि</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%A7%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%B9%D8%B3" title="میساچیوسٹس – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="میساچیوسٹس" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7%DA%86%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA" title="ماساچوست – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ماساچوست" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Picard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massa%C3%A7usets" title="Massaçusets – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Massaçusets" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Rumantsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts_suyu" title="Massachusetts suyu – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Massachusetts suyu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81" title="Массачузетс – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Массачузетс" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81" title="Массачусетс – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Массачусетс" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81" title="Массачусетс – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Массачусетс" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E2%80%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="मासचुसेट्‍स – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="मासचुसेट्‍स" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seeltersk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masa%C3%A7usec" title="Masaçusec – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Masaçusec" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A6%D8%B3%D8%A7%DA%86%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%BD%D8%B3" title="مئساچوسٽس – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="مئساچوسٽس" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%BE%D1%83%D1%81%D1%94%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8A" title="Масачоусєтсъ – Church Slavic" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Масачоусєтсъ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="Church Slavic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7%DA%86%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B3" title="ماساچووسیتس – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ماساچووسیتس" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81" title="Масачусетс – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Масачусетс" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D" title="மாசச்சூசெட்ஸ் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மாசச்சூசெட்ஸ்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81" title="Массачусетс – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Массачусетс" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%9A%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D" title="మాసెచూసెట్స్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="మాసెచూసెట్స్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C" title="รัฐแมสซาชูเซตส์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="รัฐแมสซาชูเซตส์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81" title="Массачусетс – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Массачусетс" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%BA%E1%8F%8C%E1%8F%A7%E1%8F%8E%E1%8F%97" title="ᎺᏌᏧᏎᏗ – Cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎺᏌᏧᏎᏗ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᏣᎳᎩ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81" title="Массачусетс – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Массачусетс" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%A7%DA%86%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%B9%D8%B3" title="میساچوسٹس – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="میساچوسٹس" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachus%C3%A9ts_Shitati" title="Massachuséts Shitati – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="Massachuséts Shitati" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vahcuengh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E" title="麻薩諸塞州 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="麻薩諸塞州" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target">West-Vlams</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E" title="马萨诸塞 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="马萨诸塞" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%90%D7%98%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%A2%D7%98%D7%A1" title="מאסאטשוסעטס – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="מאסאטשוסעטס" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BA%BB%E6%B2%99%E6%9C%B1%E8%89%B2%E5%A3%AB%E7%9C%81" title="麻沙朱色士省 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="麻沙朱色士省" data-language-autonym="粵語" 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.latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Massachusetts&params=42.3_N_72_W_dim:200000_region:US-MA_type:adm1st&title=Commonwealth+of+Massachusetts">42°18′N 72°00′W / 42.3°N 72.0°W / 42.3; -72.0 (Commonwealth of Massachusetts)</a></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-good-star" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Good_articles*" title="This is a good article. Click here for more information."><img alt="This is a good article. Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">U.S. state</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the U.S. state. For the Indigenous people, see <a href="/wiki/Massachusett" title="Massachusett">Massachusett</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Massachusetts (disambiguation)">Massachusetts (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">State in the United States</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Massachusetts</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">State</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow ib-settlement-official"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Commonwealth of Massachusetts</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Massachusetts"><img alt="Flag of Massachusetts" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg/125px-Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg/188px-Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg/250px-Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="900" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Massachusetts" title="Flag of Massachusetts">Flag</a></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_Massachusetts.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Official seal of Massachusetts"><img alt="Official seal of Massachusetts" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Seal_of_Massachusetts.svg/100px-Seal_of_Massachusetts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Seal_of_Massachusetts.svg/150px-Seal_of_Massachusetts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Seal_of_Massachusetts.svg/200px-Seal_of_Massachusetts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="448" data-file-height="448" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Seal_of_Massachusetts" title="Seal of Massachusetts">Seal</a></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_and_territory_nicknames" title="List of U.S. state and territory nicknames">Nickname(s)</a>: <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname">The Bay State (official) The Pilgrim State; The Puritan State The Old Colony State The Baked Bean State<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_and_territory_mottos" title="List of U.S. state and territory mottos">Motto(s)</a>: <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname"><a href="/wiki/Ense_petit_placidam_sub_libertate_quietem" title="Ense petit placidam sub libertate quietem">Ense petit placidam sub libertate quietem</a> (<a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a>) By the sword we seek peace, but peace only under liberty</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_songs" title="List of U.S. state songs">Anthem:</a> "<a href="/wiki/All_Hail_to_Massachusetts" title="All Hail to Massachusetts">All Hail to Massachusetts</a>"</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Massachusetts_in_United_States_(zoom).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Map of the United States with Massachusetts highlighted"><img alt="Map of the United States with Massachusetts highlighted" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Massachusetts_in_United_States_%28zoom%29.svg/300px-Massachusetts_in_United_States_%28zoom%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Massachusetts_in_United_States_%28zoom%29.svg/450px-Massachusetts_in_United_States_%28zoom%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Massachusetts_in_United_States_%28zoom%29.svg/600px-Massachusetts_in_United_States_%28zoom%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="731" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Map of the United States with Massachusetts highlighted</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Before statehood</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Massachusetts_Bay" title="Province of Massachusetts Bay">Province of Massachusetts Bay</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_by_date_of_admission_to_the_Union" title="List of U.S. states by date of admission to the Union">Admitted to the Union</a></th><td class="infobox-data">February 6, 1788 (6th)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_capitals_in_the_United_States" title="List of capitals in the United States">Capital</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_cities_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_population" title="List of largest cities of U.S. states and territories by population">and largest city</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_most_populous_counties_by_U.S._state" title="List of the most populous counties by U.S. state">Largest county or equivalent</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Middlesex_County,_Massachusetts" title="Middlesex County, Massachusetts">Middlesex</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Statistical_area_(United_States)" title="Statistical area (United States)">Largest metro</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_urban_areas" title="List of United States urban areas">urban</a> areas</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Greater_Boston" title="Greater Boston">Greater Boston</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Massachusetts" title="Governor of Massachusetts">Governor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Maura_Healey" title="Maura Healey">Maura Healey</a> (<a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">D</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Massachusetts" title="Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts">Lieutenant governor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kim_Driscoll" title="Kim Driscoll">Kim Driscoll</a> (D)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature">Legislature</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_General_Court" title="Massachusetts General Court">General Court</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Upper_house" title="Upper house">Upper house</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Senate" title="Massachusetts Senate">Senate</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Lower_house" title="Lower house">Lower house</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_House_of_Representatives" title="Massachusetts House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Judiciary" title="Judiciary">Judiciary</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Supreme_Judicial_Court" title="Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court">Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States senators from Massachusetts">U.S. senators</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Warren" title="Elizabeth Warren">Elizabeth Warren</a> (<a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Democratic_Party" title="Massachusetts Democratic Party">D</a>) <a href="/wiki/Ed_Markey" title="Ed Markey">Ed Markey</a> (D)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States representatives from Massachusetts">U.S. House delegation</a></th><td class="infobox-data">9 Democrats (<a href="/wiki/United_States_congressional_delegations_from_Massachusetts" title="United States congressional delegations from Massachusetts">list</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">10,565<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> sq mi (27,363 km2)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Land</th><td class="infobox-data">7,800<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> sq mi (20,202 km2)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Water</th><td class="infobox-data">2,715 sq mi (7,032 km2)  26.1%</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_area" title="List of U.S. states and territories by area">44th</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Dimensions<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Length</th><td class="infobox-data">190 mi (296 km)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Width</th><td class="infobox-data">115 mi (184 km)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">508 ft (150 m)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (<a href="/wiki/Mount_Greylock" title="Mount Greylock">Mount Greylock</a><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[a]</a>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">3,489 ft (1,063.4 m)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Lowest elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (Atlantic Ocean)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">0 ft (0 m)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (2023)</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Neutral increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Increase_Neutral.svg/11px-Increase_Neutral.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Increase_Neutral.svg/17px-Increase_Neutral.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Increase_Neutral.svg/22px-Increase_Neutral.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="347" data-file-height="346" /> 7,001,399<a href="#cite_note-Census_Quick_Facts:_Mass-6">[5]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_population" title="List of U.S. states and territories by population">16th</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">891/sq mi (344/km2)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">  • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_and_territories_of_the_United_States_by_population_density" title="List of states and territories of the United States by population density">3rd</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Household_income_in_the_United_States" title="Household income in the United States">Median household income</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">$89,026<a href="#cite_note-7">[6]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Income rank<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_income#States_and_territories_ranked_by_median_household_income" title="List of U.S. states and territories by income">2nd</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Bay Stater (official)<a href="#cite_note-8">[7]</a> Masshole<a href="#cite_note-9">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-10">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-11">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-12">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-14">[13]</a> Massachusite (traditional)<a href="#cite_note-15">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[15]</a> Massachusettsan (recommended by the <a href="/wiki/U.S._GPO" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. GPO">U.S. GPO</a>)<a href="#cite_note-gpo-17">[16]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Language<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_United_States" title="Languages of the United States">Official language</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a><a href="#cite_note-18">[17]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_United_States" title="Languages of the United States">Spoken language</a></th><td class="infobox-data"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> 75.00%</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a> 9.55%</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a> 3.43%</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a> 2.05%<a href="#cite_note-19">[18]</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%9205:00" title="UTC−05:00">UTC−05:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eastern_Time_Zone" title="Eastern Time Zone">Eastern</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%9204:00" title="UTC−04:00">UTC−04:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eastern_Daylight_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Daylight Time">EDT</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_and_territory_abbreviations" title="List of U.S. state and territory abbreviations">USPS abbreviation</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">MA</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data nickname"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:US" title="ISO 3166-2:US">US-MA</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_and_territory_abbreviations" title="List of U.S. state and territory abbreviations">Traditional abbreviation</a></th><td class="infobox-data nickname">Mass.</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Latitude</th><td class="infobox-data">41°14′ N to 42°53′ N</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Longitude</th><td class="infobox-data">69°56′ W to 73°30′ W</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mass.gov">mass.gov</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1141396924">.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols-none{float:none;clear:none;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols-center{float:none;clear:none;margin:0.5em auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols .infobox-title{font-size:120%}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols .infobox-subheader{font-weight:bold;background-color:#cddeff}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols-island{font-weight:bold;background-color:#cef2e0}</style><table class="infobox ib-region-symbols"><caption class="infobox-title">State symbols of Massachusetts</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:85%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Massachusetts_state_symbols" title="List of Massachusetts state symbols">List of state symbols</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg/250px-Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg/375px-Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg/500px-Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="900" /></a><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Massachusetts" title="Flag of Massachusetts">Flag of Massachusetts</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_Massachusetts.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Seal_of_Massachusetts.svg/150px-Seal_of_Massachusetts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Seal_of_Massachusetts.svg/225px-Seal_of_Massachusetts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Seal_of_Massachusetts.svg/300px-Seal_of_Massachusetts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="448" data-file-height="448" /></a><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Seal_of_Massachusetts" title="Seal of Massachusetts">Seal of Massachusetts</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_poems" title="List of U.S. state poems">Poem</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Blue_Hills_of_Massachusetts" title="Blue Hills of Massachusetts">Blue Hills of Massachusetts</a><a href="#cite_note-MassFacts-20">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-21">[20]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_and_territory_nicknames" title="List of U.S. state and territory nicknames">Slogan</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Make It Yours, The Spirit of America<a href="#cite_note-22">[21]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid">Living insignia</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_birds" title="List of U.S. state birds">Bird</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Black-capped_chickadee" title="Black-capped chickadee">Black-capped chickadee</a>,<a href="#cite_note-23">[22]</a> <a href="/wiki/Wild_turkey" title="Wild turkey">wild turkey</a><a href="#cite_note-24">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-MassFacts-20">[19]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_fish" title="List of U.S. state fish">Fish</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_cod" title="Atlantic cod">Cod</a><a href="#cite_note-MassFacts-20">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-25">[24]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_and_territory_flowers" title="List of U.S. state and territory flowers">Flower</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Epigaea_repens" title="Epigaea repens">Mayflower</a><a href="#cite_note-MassFacts-20">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-26">[25]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_insects" title="List of U.S. state insects">Insect</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Coccinella_septempunctata" title="Coccinella septempunctata">Ladybug</a><a href="#cite_note-MassFacts-20">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-27">[26]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_mammals" title="List of U.S. state mammals">Mammal</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Right_whale" title="Right whale">Right whale</a>,<a href="#cite_note-28">[27]</a> <a href="/wiki/Morgan_horse" title="Morgan horse">Morgan horse</a>,<a href="#cite_note-29">[28]</a> <a href="/wiki/Tabby_cat" title="Tabby cat">Tabby cat</a>,<a href="#cite_note-30">[29]</a> <a href="/wiki/Boston_Terrier" title="Boston Terrier">Boston Terrier</a><a href="#cite_note-31">[30]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_reptiles" title="List of U.S. state reptiles">Reptile</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Garter_snake" title="Garter snake">Garter snake</a><a href="#cite_note-MassFacts-20">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-32">[31]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_and_territory_trees" title="List of U.S. state and territory trees">Tree</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/American_elm" class="mw-redirect" title="American elm">American elm</a><a href="#cite_note-MassFacts-20">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-33">[32]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid">Inanimate insignia</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_beverages" title="List of U.S. state beverages">Beverage</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cranberry_juice" title="Cranberry juice">Cranberry juice</a><a href="#cite_note-MassFacts-20">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-34">[33]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_colors" title="List of U.S. state colors">Color</a>(s)</th><td class="infobox-data">Blue, green, cranberry<a href="#cite_note-MassFacts-20">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-35">[34]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_dances" title="List of U.S. state dances">Dance</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Square_dance" title="Square dance">Square dance</a><a href="#cite_note-MassFacts-20">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-36">[35]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_foods" title="List of U.S. state foods">Food</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cranberry" title="Cranberry">Cranberry</a>,<a href="#cite_note-37">[36]</a> <a href="/wiki/Corn_muffin" class="mw-redirect" title="Corn muffin">corn muffin</a>,<a href="#cite_note-MassFacts-20">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-38">[37]</a> <a href="/wiki/Navy_bean" title="Navy bean">navy bean</a>,<a href="#cite_note-39">[38]</a> <a href="/wiki/Boston_cream_pie" title="Boston cream pie">Boston cream pie</a>,<a href="#cite_note-40">[39]</a> <a href="/wiki/Chocolate_chip_cookie" title="Chocolate chip cookie">chocolate chip cookie</a>,<a href="#cite_note-41">[40]</a> <a href="/wiki/Boston_cream_doughnut" class="mw-redirect" title="Boston cream doughnut">Boston cream doughnut</a><a href="#cite_note-42">[41]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_fossils" title="List of U.S. state fossils">Fossil</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dinosaur_Footprints" class="mw-redirect" title="Dinosaur Footprints">Dinosaur Tracks</a><a href="#cite_note-43">[42]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_minerals,_rocks,_stones_and_gemstones" title="List of U.S. state minerals, rocks, stones and gemstones">Gemstone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rhodonite" title="Rhodonite">Rhodonite</a><a href="#cite_note-MassFacts-20">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-44">[43]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_minerals,_rocks,_stones_and_gemstones" title="List of U.S. state minerals, rocks, stones and gemstones">Mineral</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Babingtonite" title="Babingtonite">Babingtonite</a><a href="#cite_note-MassFacts-20">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-45">[44]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_minerals,_rocks,_stones_and_gemstones" title="List of U.S. state minerals, rocks, stones and gemstones">Rock</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Roxbury Puddingstone<a href="#cite_note-MassFacts-20">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-46">[45]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_shells" title="List of U.S. state shells">Shell</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/New_England_Neptune" class="mw-redirect" title="New England Neptune">New England Neptune</a>, Neptunea lyrata decemcostata<a href="#cite_note-MassFacts-20">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-47">[46]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_ships" title="List of U.S. state ships">Ship</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Schooner_Ernestina" class="mw-redirect" title="Schooner Ernestina">Schooner Ernestina</a><a href="#cite_note-MassFacts-20">[19]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_soils" title="List of U.S. state soils">Soil</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Paxton_(soil)" title="Paxton (soil)">Paxton</a><a href="#cite_note-MassFacts-20">[19]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_sports" title="List of U.S. state sports">Sport</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Basketball<a href="#cite_note-48">[47]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid"><a href="/wiki/Numbered_highways_in_the_United_States#State_highways" title="Numbered highways in the United States">State route marker</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:MA_Route_28.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Route marker"><img alt="Route marker" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/MA_Route_28.svg/85px-MA_Route_28.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/MA_Route_28.svg/128px-MA_Route_28.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/MA_Route_28.svg/170px-MA_Route_28.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="601" data-file-height="601" /></a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid"><a href="/wiki/50_State_quarters" title="50 State quarters">State quarter</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:2000_MA_Proof.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Massachusetts quarter dollar coin"><img alt="Massachusetts quarter dollar coin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/2000_MA_Proof.png/86px-2000_MA_Proof.png" decoding="async" width="86" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/2000_MA_Proof.png/130px-2000_MA_Proof.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/2000_MA_Proof.png/172px-2000_MA_Proof.png 2x" data-file-width="1086" data-file-height="1072" /></a><div>Released in 2000<a href="#cite_note-49">[48]</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid"><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_United_States_state_symbols" title="Lists of United States state symbols">Lists of United States state symbols</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Massachusetts (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˌmæsəˈtʃuːsɪts/</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/b\/b3\/En-us-Massachusetts.ogg\/En-us-Massachusetts.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"En-us-Massachusetts.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b3/En-us-Massachusetts.ogg/En-us-Massachusetts.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:En-us-Massachusetts.ogg" title="File:En-us-Massachusetts.ogg">ⓘ</a>, <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/-zɪts/</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">MASS-ə-CHOO-sits, -⁠zits</a>; <a href="/wiki/Massachusett_language" title="Massachusett language">Massachusett</a>: <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Muhsachuweesut" class="extiw" title="wikt:Muhsachuweesut">Muhsachuweesut</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">[məhswatʃəwiːsət]</a>), officially the Commonwealth of Massachusetts,<a href="#cite_note-50">[b]</a> is a <a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">state</a> in the <a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a> region of the <a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States" title="Northeastern United States">Northeastern United States</a>. It borders the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic Ocean</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Maine" title="Gulf of Maine">Gulf of Maine</a> to its east, <a href="/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut">Connecticut</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island" title="Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a> to its south, <a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire" title="New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vermont" title="Vermont">Vermont</a> to its north, and <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a> to its west. Massachusetts is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_area" title="List of U.S. states and territories by area">sixth-smallest state by land area</a>. With over seven million residents as of 2020,<a href="#cite_note-51">[note 1]</a> it is the most populous state in New England, the <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_population" title="List of U.S. states and territories by population">16th-most-populous</a> in the country, and the <a href="/wiki/List_of_states_and_territories_of_the_United_States_by_population_density" title="List of states and territories of the United States by population density">third-most densely populated</a>, after <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a> and Rhode Island. Massachusetts was a site of early <a href="/wiki/British_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="British colonization of the Americas">English colonization</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Plymouth_Colony" title="Plymouth Colony">Plymouth Colony</a> was founded in 1620 by the <a href="/wiki/Pilgrim_Fathers" class="mw-redirect" title="Pilgrim Fathers">Pilgrims</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Mayflower" title="Mayflower">Mayflower</a>. In 1630, the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Bay_Colony" title="Massachusetts Bay Colony">Massachusetts Bay Colony</a>, taking its name from the Indigenous <a href="/wiki/Massachusett" title="Massachusett">Massachusett people</a>, also established settlements in Boston and Salem. In 1692, the town of <a href="/wiki/Salem,_Massachusetts" title="Salem, Massachusetts">Salem</a> and surrounding areas experienced one of America's most infamous cases of <a href="/wiki/Mass_hysteria" class="mw-redirect" title="Mass hysteria">mass hysteria</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Salem_witch_trials" title="Salem witch trials">Salem witch trials</a>.<a href="#cite_note-52">[49]</a> In the late 18th century, Boston became known as the "Cradle of Liberty"<a href="#cite_note-53">[50]</a> for the agitation there that later led to the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">American Revolution</a>. In 1786, <a href="/wiki/Shays%27_Rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Shays' Rebellion">Shays' Rebellion</a>, a populist revolt led by disaffected <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a> veterans, influenced the <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Convention_(United_States)" title="Constitutional Convention (United States)">United States Constitutional Convention</a>.<a href="#cite_note-shay-54">[51]</a> Originally dependent on <a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Massachusetts" title="Agriculture in Massachusetts">agriculture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fishing" title="Fishing">fishing</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Trade" title="Trade">trade</a>,<a href="#cite_note-55">[52]</a> Massachusetts was transformed into a manufacturing center during the <a href="/wiki/Industrial_Revolution" title="Industrial Revolution">Industrial Revolution</a>.<a href="#cite_note-56">[53]</a> Before the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a>, the state was a center for the <a href="/wiki/Abolitionism_in_the_United_States" title="Abolitionism in the United States">abolitionist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Temperance_movement" title="Temperance movement">temperance</a>,<a href="#cite_note-57">[54]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Transcendentalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Transcendentalist">transcendentalist</a><a href="#cite_note-58">[55]</a> movements.<a href="#cite_note-59">[56]</a> During the 20th century, the state's economy <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Miracle" title="Massachusetts Miracle">shifted from manufacturing to services</a>;<a href="#cite_note-60">[57]</a> and in the 21st century, Massachusetts has become the global leader in <a href="/wiki/Biotechnology" title="Biotechnology">biotechnology</a>,<a href="#cite_note-MassachusettsLargestBiotechHubWorld-61">[58]</a> and also excels in <a href="/wiki/Artificial_intelligence" title="Artificial intelligence">artificial intelligence</a>,<a href="#cite_note-BostonAIHub-62">[59]</a> <a href="/wiki/Engineering" title="Engineering">engineering</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_colleges_and_universities_in_Massachusetts" title="List of colleges and universities in Massachusetts">higher education</a>, <a href="/wiki/Finance" title="Finance">finance</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Maritime_trade" class="mw-redirect" title="Maritime trade">maritime trade</a>.<a href="#cite_note-63">[60]</a> The state's capital and <a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Massachusetts" title="List of municipalities in Massachusetts">most populous city</a>, as well as its cultural and <a href="/wiki/Financial_center" class="mw-redirect" title="Financial center">financial center</a>, is <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a>. Other major cities are <a href="/wiki/Worcester,_Massachusetts" title="Worcester, Massachusetts">Worcester</a>, <a href="/wiki/Springfield,_Massachusetts" title="Springfield, Massachusetts">Springfield</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cambridge,_Massachusetts" title="Cambridge, Massachusetts">Cambridge</a>. Massachusetts is also home to the <a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">urban</a> core of <a href="/wiki/Greater_Boston" title="Greater Boston">Greater Boston</a>, the largest metropolitan area in New England and a region profoundly influential upon American <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States" title="History of the United States">history</a>, <a href="/wiki/Academia" class="mw-redirect" title="Academia">academia</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_United_States" title="Economy of the United States">research economy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-GreaterBoston-64">[61]</a> Massachusetts has a reputation for social and political <a href="/wiki/Progressivism_in_the_United_States" title="Progressivism in the United States">progressivism</a>;<a href="#cite_note-65">[62]</a> becoming the only U.S. state with a <a href="/wiki/Right_to_housing" title="Right to housing">right to shelter</a> law, and the first U.S. state, and one of the earliest <a href="/wiki/Jurisdiction" title="Jurisdiction">jurisdictions</a> in the world to legally recognize <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Massachusetts" title="Same-sex marriage in Massachusetts">same-sex marriage</a>.<a href="#cite_note-CNNmarriage-66">[63]</a> <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cambridge,_Massachusetts" title="Cambridge, Massachusetts">Cambridge</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Colonial_colleges" title="Colonial colleges">oldest institution of higher learning in the United States</a>,<a href="#cite_note-67">[64]</a> with the largest <a href="/wiki/Financial_endowment" title="Financial endowment">financial endowment</a> of any university in the world.<a href="#cite_note-68">[65]</a> Both <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard</a> and <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</a>, also in Cambridge, are perennially ranked as either the most or among the most highly regarded <a href="/wiki/Academic_institution" title="Academic institution">academic institutions</a> in the world.<a href="#cite_note-AcademicRanking2-69">[66]</a> Massachusetts's public-school students place among the top tier in the world in academic performance.<a href="#cite_note-AcademicRanking3-70">[67]</a> Massachusetts is the most educated<a href="#cite_note-MassachusettsMostEducatedAndHighestPaidState-71">[68]</a> and one of the most highly developed and wealthiest U.S. states, ranking first in the <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_educational_attainment" title="List of U.S. states and territories by educational attainment">percentage of population 25 and over with either a bachelor's degree</a> or <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_educational_attainment" title="List of U.S. states and territories by educational attainment">advanced degree</a>, first on both the <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_by_American_Human_Development_Index" title="List of U.S. states by American Human Development Index">American Human Development Index</a> and the <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_Human_Development_Index" class="mw-redirect" title="List of U.S. states and territories by Human Development Index">standard Human Development Index</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_income" title="List of U.S. states and territories by income">first in per capita income</a>, and as of 2023, first in <a href="/wiki/Median_income" title="Median income">median income</a>.<a href="#cite_note-MassachusettsMostEducatedAndHighestPaidState-71">[68]</a> Consequently, Massachusetts typically ranks as the top U.S. state,<a href="#cite_note-MassachusettsBestStateToLive-72">[69]</a> as well as the most expensive state, for residents to live in.<a href="#cite_note-MassachusettsMostExpensiveState-73">[70]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Massachusetts&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology">edit</a>]</div> The <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Bay_Colony" title="Massachusetts Bay Colony">Massachusetts Bay Colony</a> was named after the <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Northeastern_Woodlands" title="Indigenous peoples of the Northeastern Woodlands">Indigenous</a> population, the <a href="/wiki/Massachusett" title="Massachusett">Massachusett</a> or <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Muhsachuweesut" class="extiw" title="wikt:Muhsachuweesut">Muhsachuweesut</a>, whose name likely derived from a <a href="/wiki/W%C3%B4pan%C3%A2ak_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Wôpanâak language">Wôpanâak</a> word muswachasut, segmented as mus(ây) "big" + wach "mountain" + -s "diminutive" + -ut "locative".<a href="#cite_note-74">[71]</a> This word has been translated as "near the great hill",<a href="#cite_note-75">[72]</a> "by the blue hills", "at the little big hill", or "at the range of hills", in reference to the <a href="/wiki/Blue_Hills_Reservation" title="Blue Hills Reservation">Blue Hills</a>—namely, the <a href="/wiki/Great_Blue_Hill" title="Great Blue Hill">Great Blue Hill</a>, located on the boundary of <a href="/wiki/Milton,_Massachusetts" title="Milton, Massachusetts">Milton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Canton,_Massachusetts" title="Canton, Massachusetts">Canton</a>.<a href="#cite_note-76">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-77">[74]</a> Massachusett has also been represented as Moswetuset. This comes from the name of the <a href="/wiki/Moswetuset_Hummock" title="Moswetuset Hummock">Moswetuset Hummock</a> (meaning "hill shaped like an arrowhead") in <a href="/wiki/Quincy,_Massachusetts" title="Quincy, Massachusetts">Quincy</a>, where <a href="/wiki/Plymouth_Colony" title="Plymouth Colony">Plymouth Colony</a> commander <a href="/wiki/Myles_Standish" title="Myles Standish">Myles Standish</a> (a hired English military officer) and <a href="/wiki/Squanto" title="Squanto">Squanto</a> (a member of the <a href="/wiki/Patuxet_tribe" class="mw-redirect" title="Patuxet tribe">Patuxet band</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Wampanoag" title="Wampanoag">Wamponoag people</a>, who have since died off due to contagious diseases brought by colonists) met Chief <a href="/wiki/Chickatawbut" title="Chickatawbut">Chickatawbut</a> in 1621.<a href="#cite_note-78">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-79">[76]</a> Although the designation "Commonwealth" forms part of the state's official name, it has no practical implications in modern times,<a href="#cite_note-80">[77]</a> and Massachusetts has the same position and powers within the United States as other states.<a href="#cite_note-81">[78]</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Adams" title="John Adams">John Adams</a> may have chosen the word in 1779 for the second draft of what became the 1780 <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="Massachusetts Constitution">Massachusetts Constitution</a>; unlike the word "state", the word "<a href="/wiki/Commonwealth" title="Commonwealth">commonwealth</a>" had the connotation of a <a href="/wiki/Republic" title="Republic">republic</a> at the time. This was in contrast to the <a href="/wiki/Monarchy" title="Monarchy">monarchy</a> the former colonies were fighting against during the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a>. The name "State of Massachusetts Bay" appeared in the first draft, which was ultimately rejected. It was also chosen to include the "Cape Islands" in reference to <a href="/wiki/Martha%27s_Vineyard" title="Martha's Vineyard">Martha's Vineyard</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nantucket" title="Nantucket">Nantucket</a>—from 1780 to 1844, they were seen as additional and separate entities confined within the Commonwealth.<a href="#cite_note-82">[79]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Massachusetts&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Massachusetts" title="History of Massachusetts">History of Massachusetts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Native_American_tribes_in_Massachusetts" title="Native American tribes in Massachusetts">Native American tribes in Massachusetts</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pre-colonization">Pre-colonization</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Massachusetts&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Pre-colonization">edit</a>]</div> Massachusetts was originally inhabited by tribes of the <a href="/wiki/Algonquian_languages" title="Algonquian languages">Algonquian language family</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Wampanoag_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Wampanoag people">Wampanoag</a>, <a href="/wiki/Narragansett_people" title="Narragansett people">Narragansett</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nipmuc" title="Nipmuc">Nipmuc</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pocomtuc" title="Pocomtuc">Pocomtuc</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mahican" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahican">Mahican</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Massachusett" title="Massachusett">Massachusett</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrownTager20006–7-83">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-Mohican-84">[81]</a> While cultivation of crops like <a href="/wiki/Cucurbita" title="Cucurbita">squash</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maize" title="Maize">corn</a> were an important part of their diet, the people of these tribes <a href="/wiki/Hunting" title="Hunting">hunted</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fishing" title="Fishing">fished</a>, and searched the forest for most of their food.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrownTager20006–7-83">[80]</a> Villagers lived in lodges called <a href="/wiki/Wigwam" title="Wigwam">wigwams</a> as well as <a href="/wiki/Longhouse" title="Longhouse">longhouses</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Mohican-84">[81]</a> Tribes were led by male or female elders known as <a href="/wiki/Sachem" title="Sachem">sachems</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrownTager20007-85">[82]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Colonial_period">Colonial period</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Massachusetts&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Colonial period">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Mayflower_Compact" title="Mayflower Compact">Mayflower Compact</a>, <a href="/wiki/Plymouth_Colony" title="Plymouth Colony">Plymouth Colony</a>, <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Bay_Colony" title="Massachusetts Bay Colony">Massachusetts Bay Colony</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_England_Confederation" title="New England Confederation">New England Confederation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_New_England" title="Dominion of New England">Dominion of New England</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Massachusetts_Bay" title="Province of Massachusetts Bay">Province of Massachusetts Bay</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mayflower_in_Plymouth_Harbor,_by_William_Halsall.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Mayflower_in_Plymouth_Harbor%2C_by_William_Halsall.jpg/220px-Mayflower_in_Plymouth_Harbor%2C_by_William_Halsall.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Mayflower_in_Plymouth_Harbor%2C_by_William_Halsall.jpg/330px-Mayflower_in_Plymouth_Harbor%2C_by_William_Halsall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Mayflower_in_Plymouth_Harbor%2C_by_William_Halsall.jpg/440px-Mayflower_in_Plymouth_Harbor%2C_by_William_Halsall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1973" data-file-height="1012" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Mayflower" title="Mayflower">Mayflower</a> in Plymouth Harbor by <a href="/wiki/William_Halsall" title="William Halsall">William Halsall</a> (1882). The <a href="/wiki/Pilgrim_(Plymouth_Colony)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pilgrim (Plymouth Colony)">Pilgrims</a> founded <a href="/wiki/Plymouth,_Massachusetts" title="Plymouth, Massachusetts">Plymouth</a> in 1620.</figcaption></figure> In the early 1600s, <a href="/wiki/European_diaspora" class="mw-redirect" title="European diaspora">European colonists</a> caused <a href="/wiki/Virgin_soil_epidemic" title="Virgin soil epidemic">virgin soil epidemics</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Smallpox" title="Smallpox">smallpox</a>, <a href="/wiki/Measles" title="Measles">measles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Influenza" title="Influenza">influenza</a>, and perhaps <a href="/wiki/Leptospirosis" title="Leptospirosis">leptospirosis</a> in what is now known as the <a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States" title="Northeastern United States">northeastern region</a> of the United States.<a href="#cite_note-86">[83]</a><a href="#cite_note-87">[84]</a> Between 1617 and 1619, a disease that was most likely <a href="/wiki/Smallpox" title="Smallpox">smallpox</a> killed approximately 90% of the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Bay" title="Massachusetts Bay">Massachusetts Bay</a> <a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native Americans</a>.<a href="#cite_note-88">[85]</a> The first <a href="/wiki/British_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="British colonization of the Americas">English colonists</a> in Massachusetts Bay Colony landed with Richard Vines and spent the winter in Biddeford Pool near Cape Porpoise (after 1820 the State of Maine) in 1616. The <a href="/wiki/Puritans" title="Puritans">Puritans</a>, arrived at <a href="/wiki/Plymouth,_Massachusetts" title="Plymouth, Massachusetts">Plymouth</a> in 1620. This was the second permanent <a href="/wiki/British_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="British colonization of the Americas">English colony</a> in the part of North America that later became the United States, after the <a href="/wiki/Jamestown,_Virginia" title="Jamestown, Virginia">Jamestown Colony</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Thanksgiving_(United_States)" title="Thanksgiving (United States)">"First Thanksgiving"</a> was celebrated by the Puritans after their first harvest in the "<a href="/wiki/New_World" title="New World">New World</a>" and lasted for three days. They were soon followed by other Puritans, who colonized the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Bay_Colony" title="Massachusetts Bay Colony">Massachusetts Bay Colony</a>—now known as Boston—in 1630.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldfieldAbbottAndersonArgersinger199830-89">[86]</a> The Puritans believed the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a> needed to be further <a href="/wiki/Reformation" title="Reformation">reformed</a> along <a href="/wiki/Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant">Protestant</a> <a href="/wiki/Calvinist" class="mw-redirect" title="Calvinist">Calvinist</a> lines, and experienced harassment due to the religious policies of <a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_England" title="Charles I of England">King Charles I</a> and high-ranking churchmen such as <a href="/wiki/William_Laud" title="William Laud">William Laud</a>, who would become Charles's <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Canterbury" title="Archbishop of Canterbury">Archbishop of Canterbury</a>, whom they feared were re-introducing <a href="/wiki/Ritualism_in_the_Church_of_England" title="Ritualism in the Church of England">"Romish"</a> elements to the national church.<a href="#cite_note-puritans-90">[87]</a> They decided to colonize to Massachusetts, intending to establish what they considered an "ideal" religious society.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldfieldAbbottAndersonArgersinger199829-91">[88]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Bay_Colony" title="Massachusetts Bay Colony">Massachusetts Bay Colony</a> was colonized under a royal charter, unlike the Plymouth colony, in 1629.<a href="#cite_note-92">[89]</a> Both religious dissent and expansionism resulted in several new colonies being founded, shortly after Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay, elsewhere in New England. The Massachusetts Bay banished dissenters such as <a href="/wiki/Anne_Hutchinson" title="Anne Hutchinson">Anne Hutchinson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Roger_Williams" title="Roger Williams">Roger Williams</a> due to religious and political conflict. In 1636, Williams colonized what is now known as <a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Rhode_Island_and_Providence_Plantations" title="Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations">Rhode Island</a>, and Hutchinson joined him there several years later. Religious intolerance continued, and among those who objected to this later that century were the English Quaker preachers <a href="/wiki/Alice_Curwen" title="Alice Curwen">Alice and Thomas Curwen</a>, who were publicly flogged and imprisoned in Boston in 1676.<a href="#cite_note-93">[90]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrownTager200030–32-94">[91]</a> By 1641, Massachusetts had expanded inland significantly. The Commonwealth acquired the <a href="/wiki/Connecticut_River" title="Connecticut River">Connecticut River Valley</a> settlement of <a href="/wiki/Springfield,_Massachusetts" title="Springfield, Massachusetts">Springfield</a>, which had recently disputed with—and defected from—its original administrators, the <a href="/wiki/Connecticut_Colony" title="Connecticut Colony">Connecticut Colony</a>.<a href="#cite_note-95">[92]</a> This established Massachusetts's southern border in the west.<a href="#cite_note-96">[93]</a> However, this became disputed territory until 1803–04 due to surveying problems, leading to the modern <a href="/wiki/Southwick_Jog" class="mw-redirect" title="Southwick Jog">Southwick Jog</a>.<a href="#cite_note-97">[94]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Eliot_Bible.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Eliot_Bible.jpg/200px-Eliot_Bible.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="280" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Eliot_Bible.jpg/299px-Eliot_Bible.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/17/Eliot_Bible.jpg 2x" data-file-width="358" data-file-height="502" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Mamusse_Wunneetupanatamwe_Up-Biblum_God" class="mw-redirect" title="Mamusse Wunneetupanatamwe Up-Biblum God">Mamusse Wunneetupanatamwe Up-Biblum God</a> (cover page shown), also called the <a href="/wiki/Eliot_Indian_Bible" title="Eliot Indian Bible">Eliot Indian Bible</a>, was the first Bible printed in British North America.</figcaption></figure> In 1652 the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_General_Court" title="Massachusetts General Court">Massachusetts General Court</a> authorized Boston silversmith <a href="/wiki/John_Hull_(merchant)" title="John Hull (merchant)">John Hull</a> to produce <a href="/wiki/Pine_tree_shilling" title="Pine tree shilling">local coinage</a> in shilling, sixpence and threepence denominations to address a coin shortage in the colony.<a href="#cite_note-98">[95]</a> Before that point, the colony's economy had been entirely dependent on barter and foreign currency, including English, Spanish, Dutch, Portuguese and counterfeit coins.<a href="#cite_note-99">[96]</a> In 1661, shortly after the <a href="/wiki/Stuart_Restoration" title="Stuart Restoration">restoration of the British monarchy</a>, the British government considered the Boston mint to be treasonous.<a href="#cite_note-100">[97]</a> However, the colony ignored the English demands to cease operations until at least 1682, when Hull's contract as mintmaster expired, and the colony did not move to renew his contract or appoint a new mintmaster.<a href="#cite_note-101">[98]</a> The coinage was a contributing factor to the revocation of the Massachusetts Bay Colony charter in 1684.<a href="#cite_note-102">[99]</a> In 1691, the colonies of Massachusetts Bay and Plymouth were united (along with present-day <a href="/wiki/Maine" title="Maine">Maine</a>, which had previously been divided between Massachusetts and <a href="/wiki/Province_of_New_York" title="Province of New York">New York</a>) into the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Massachusetts_Bay" title="Province of Massachusetts Bay">Province of Massachusetts Bay</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldfieldAbbottAndersonArgersinger199866-103">[100]</a> Shortly after, the new province's first governor, <a href="/wiki/William_Phips" title="William Phips">William Phips</a>, arrived. The <a href="/wiki/Salem_witch_trials" title="Salem witch trials">Salem witch trials</a> also took place, where a number of men and women were hanged for alleged <a href="/wiki/Witchcraft" title="Witchcraft">witchcraft</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrownTager200050-104">[101]</a> The <a href="/wiki/1755_Cape_Ann_earthquake" title="1755 Cape Ann earthquake">most destructive earthquake</a> known to date in <a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a> occurred on November 18, 1755, causing considerable damage across Massachusetts.<a href="#cite_note-105">[102]</a><a href="#cite_note-106">[103]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Revolutionary_War">The Revolutionary War</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Massachusetts&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: The Revolutionary War">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boston_campaign" title="Boston campaign">Boston campaign</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lee_Resolution" title="Lee Resolution">Lee Resolution</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Declaration_of_Independence" title="United States Declaration of Independence">United States Declaration of Independence</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northern_theater_of_the_American_Revolutionary_War_after_Saratoga" title="Northern theater of the American Revolutionary War after Saratoga">Northern theater of the American Revolutionary War after Saratoga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Articles_of_Confederation#Ratification" title="Articles of Confederation">Articles of Confederation § Ratification</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1783)" title="Treaty of Paris (1783)">Treaty of Paris (1783)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Battle_of_Lexington.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/The_Battle_of_Lexington.jpg/220px-The_Battle_of_Lexington.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/The_Battle_of_Lexington.jpg/330px-The_Battle_of_Lexington.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/The_Battle_of_Lexington.jpg/440px-The_Battle_of_Lexington.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="663" /></a><figcaption>A 1910 painting of the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lexington" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Lexington">Battle of Lexington</a></figcaption></figure> Massachusetts was a center of the movement for independence from <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain">Great Britain</a>. Colonists in Massachusetts had long had uneasy relations with the British monarchy, including open rebellion under the <a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_New_England" title="Dominion of New England">Dominion of New England</a> in the 1680s.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldfieldAbbottAndersonArgersinger199866-103">[100]</a> Protests against British attempts to tax the colonies after the <a href="/wiki/French_and_Indian_War" title="French and Indian War">French and Indian War</a> ended in 1763 led to the <a href="/wiki/Boston_Massacre" title="Boston Massacre">Boston Massacre</a> in 1770, and the 1773 <a href="/wiki/Boston_Tea_Party" title="Boston Tea Party">Boston Tea Party</a> escalated tensions.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrownTager200063–83-107">[104]</a> In 1774, the <a href="/wiki/Intolerable_Acts" title="Intolerable Acts">Intolerable Acts</a> targeted Massachusetts with punishments for the Boston Tea Party and further decreased local autonomy, increasing local dissent.<a href="#cite_note-108">[105]</a> Anti-Parliamentary activity by men such as <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Adams" title="Samuel Adams">Samuel Adams</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Hancock" title="John Hancock">John Hancock</a>, followed by reprisals by the British government, were a primary reason for the unity of the <a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Colonies" title="Thirteen Colonies">Thirteen Colonies</a> and the outbreak of the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">American Revolution</a> in 1775.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldfieldAbbottAndersonArgersinger199888–90-109">[106]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Official_Presidential_portrait_of_John_Adams_(by_John_Trumbull,_circa_1792).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Official_Presidential_portrait_of_John_Adams_%28by_John_Trumbull%2C_circa_1792%29.jpg/220px-Official_Presidential_portrait_of_John_Adams_%28by_John_Trumbull%2C_circa_1792%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Official_Presidential_portrait_of_John_Adams_%28by_John_Trumbull%2C_circa_1792%29.jpg/330px-Official_Presidential_portrait_of_John_Adams_%28by_John_Trumbull%2C_circa_1792%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Official_Presidential_portrait_of_John_Adams_%28by_John_Trumbull%2C_circa_1792%29.jpg/440px-Official_Presidential_portrait_of_John_Adams_%28by_John_Trumbull%2C_circa_1792%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2398" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/John_Adams" title="John Adams">John Adams</a>, 2nd President of the United States (1797–1801)</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Lexington_and_Concord" title="Battles of Lexington and Concord">Battles of Lexington and Concord</a>, fought in Massachusetts in 1775, initiated the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldfieldAbbottAndersonArgersinger199895–96-110">[107]</a> <a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a>, later the first president of the future country, took over what would become the <a href="/wiki/Continental_Army" title="Continental Army">Continental Army</a> after the battle. His first victory was the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Boston" title="Siege of Boston">siege of Boston</a> in the winter of 1775–76, after which the British were forced to evacuate the city.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldfieldAbbottAndersonArgersinger199896–97-111">[108]</a> The event is still celebrated in <a href="/wiki/Suffolk_County,_Massachusetts" title="Suffolk County, Massachusetts">Suffolk County</a> only every March 17 as <a href="/wiki/Evacuation_Day_(Massachusetts)" title="Evacuation Day (Massachusetts)">Evacuation Day</a>.<a href="#cite_note-112">[109]</a> On the coast, Salem became a center for <a href="/wiki/Privateer" title="Privateer">privateering</a>. Although the documentation is incomplete, about 1,700 <a href="/wiki/Letter_of_marque" title="Letter of marque">letters of marque</a>, issued on a per-voyage basis, were granted during the American Revolution. Nearly 800 vessels were commissioned as privateers, which were credited with capturing or destroying about 600 British ships.<a href="#cite_note-113">[110]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Recto_Massachusetts_5_shillings_1779_urn-3_HBS.Baker.AC_1086081.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A 1779 five-shilling note issued by Massachusetts with the inscription: "FIVE SHILLINGS. shall be paid to the Bearer of this Bill, by the 1st Day of Decmr. 1782 agreeable to an Act of the Genl, Court of said STATE."; Within print of sun: "RISING"." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Recto_Massachusetts_5_shillings_1779_urn-3_HBS.Baker.AC_1086081.jpeg/220px-Recto_Massachusetts_5_shillings_1779_urn-3_HBS.Baker.AC_1086081.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="263" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Recto_Massachusetts_5_shillings_1779_urn-3_HBS.Baker.AC_1086081.jpeg/330px-Recto_Massachusetts_5_shillings_1779_urn-3_HBS.Baker.AC_1086081.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Recto_Massachusetts_5_shillings_1779_urn-3_HBS.Baker.AC_1086081.jpeg/440px-Recto_Massachusetts_5_shillings_1779_urn-3_HBS.Baker.AC_1086081.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1664" data-file-height="1992" /></a><figcaption>A 1779 five-shilling note issued by Massachusetts.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Federal_period">Federal period</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Massachusetts&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Federal period">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Convention_(United_States)" title="Constitutional Convention (United States)">Constitutional Convention (United States)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Admission_to_the_Union" title="Admission to the Union">Admission to the Union</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_by_date_of_admission_to_the_Union" title="List of U.S. states by date of admission to the Union">List of U.S. states by date of admission to the Union</a></div> Bostonian <a href="/wiki/John_Adams" title="John Adams">John Adams</a>, known as the "Atlas of Independence",<a href="#cite_note-114">[111]</a> was highly involved in both separation from Britain and the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Massachusetts" title="Constitution of Massachusetts">Constitution of Massachusetts</a>, which effectively (the <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Freeman" title="Elizabeth Freeman">Elizabeth Freeman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Quock_Walker" title="Quock Walker">Quock Walker</a> cases as interpreted by <a href="/wiki/William_Cushing" title="William Cushing">William Cushing</a>) made Massachusetts the first state to abolish slavery. <a href="/wiki/David_McCullough" title="David McCullough">David McCullough</a> points out that an equally important feature was its placing for the first time the courts as a co-equal branch separate from the executive.<a href="#cite_note-115">[112]</a> (The <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Vermont_(1777)" title="Constitution of Vermont (1777)">Constitution of Vermont</a>, adopted in 1777, represented the first partial ban on slavery among the states. Vermont became a state in 1791 but did not fully ban slavery until 1858 with the Vermont Personal Liberty Law. The <a href="/wiki/An_Act_for_the_Gradual_Abolition_of_Slavery" title="An Act for the Gradual Abolition of Slavery">Pennsylvania Gradual Abolition Act of 1780</a><a href="#cite_note-116">[113]</a> made <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a> the first state to abolish slavery by statute - the second English colony to do so; the first having been the Colony of Georgia in 1735.) Later, Adams was active in early American foreign affairs and succeeded Washington as the second <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">president of the United States</a>. His son, <a href="/wiki/John_Quincy_Adams" title="John Quincy Adams">John Quincy Adams</a>, also from Massachusetts,<a href="#cite_note-117">[114]</a> would go on to become the nation's sixth president. From 1786 to 1787, an armed uprising led by Revolutionary War veteran <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Shays" title="Daniel Shays">Daniel Shays</a>, now known as <a href="/wiki/Shays%27_Rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Shays' Rebellion">Shays' Rebellion</a>, wrought havoc throughout Massachusetts and ultimately attempted to seize the federal <a href="/wiki/Springfield_Armory" title="Springfield Armory">Springfield Armory</a>.<a href="#cite_note-shay-54">[51]</a> The rebellion was one of the major factors in the decision to draft a stronger national constitution to replace the <a href="/wiki/Articles_of_Confederation" title="Articles of Confederation">Articles of Confederation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-shay-54">[51]</a> On February 6, 1788, Massachusetts became the sixth state to ratify the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Constitution">United States Constitution</a>.<a href="#cite_note-118">[115]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="19th_century">19th century</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Massachusetts&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 19th century">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Missouri_Compromise" title="Missouri Compromise">Missouri Compromise</a> and <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Massachusetts in the American Civil War">Massachusetts in the American Civil War</a></div> In 1820, <a href="/wiki/Maine" title="Maine">Maine</a> separated from Massachusetts and entered the Union as the 23rd state due to the ratification of the <a href="/wiki/Missouri_Compromise" title="Missouri Compromise">Missouri Compromise</a>.<a href="#cite_note-119">[116]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Visitor_Center,_Market_Mills,_Lowell_MA.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Visitor_Center%2C_Market_Mills%2C_Lowell_MA.jpg/220px-Visitor_Center%2C_Market_Mills%2C_Lowell_MA.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Visitor_Center%2C_Market_Mills%2C_Lowell_MA.jpg/330px-Visitor_Center%2C_Market_Mills%2C_Lowell_MA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Visitor_Center%2C_Market_Mills%2C_Lowell_MA.jpg/440px-Visitor_Center%2C_Market_Mills%2C_Lowell_MA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Textile_manufacturing" title="Textile manufacturing">Textile mills</a>, such as the one depicted here in <a href="/wiki/Lowell,_Massachusetts" title="Lowell, Massachusetts">Lowell</a>, made Massachusetts a leader in the <a href="/wiki/Industrial_Revolution" title="Industrial Revolution">Industrial Revolution</a>.</figcaption></figure> During the 19th century, Massachusetts became a national leader in the American <a href="/wiki/Industrial_Revolution" title="Industrial Revolution">Industrial Revolution</a>, with factories around cities such as <a href="/wiki/Lowell,_Massachusetts" title="Lowell, Massachusetts">Lowell</a> and <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a> producing textiles and shoes, and factories around Springfield producing tools, paper, and textiles.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrownTager2000129-120">[117]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrownTager2000211-121">[118]</a> The state's economy transformed from one based primarily on agriculture to an industrial one, initially making use of water-power and later the <a href="/wiki/Steam_engine" title="Steam engine">steam engine</a> to power factories. Canals and railroads were being used in the state for transporting raw materials and finished goods.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrownTager2000202-122">[119]</a> At first, the new industries drew labor from <a href="/wiki/Yankee" title="Yankee">Yankees</a> on nearby subsistence farms, though they later relied upon <a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_the_United_States" title="Immigration to the United States">immigrant labor</a> from Europe and Canada.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrownTager2000133–36-123">[120]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrownTager2000179-124">[121]</a> Although Massachusetts was the first slave-holding colony with slavery dating back to the early 1600s, the state became a center of <a href="/wiki/Progressivism" title="Progressivism">progressivist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Abolitionism" title="Abolitionism">abolitionist</a> (anti-slavery) activity in the years leading up to the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a>. <a href="/wiki/Horace_Mann" title="Horace Mann">Horace Mann</a> made the state's school system a national model.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldfieldAbbottAndersonArgersinger1998251-125">[122]</a> <a href="/wiki/Henry_David_Thoreau" title="Henry David Thoreau">Henry David Thoreau</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Waldo_Emerson" title="Ralph Waldo Emerson">Ralph Waldo Emerson</a>, both <a href="/wiki/Philosopher" class="mw-redirect" title="Philosopher">philosophers</a> and writers from the state, also made major contributions to American philosophy.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldfieldAbbottAndersonArgersinger1998254-126">[123]</a> Furthermore, members of the <a href="/wiki/Transcendentalism" title="Transcendentalism">transcendentalist movement</a> within the state emphasized the importance of the natural world and emotion to humanity.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldfieldAbbottAndersonArgersinger1998254-126">[123]</a> Although significant opposition to abolitionism existed early on in Massachusetts, resulting in anti-abolitionist riots between 1835 and 1837,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrownTager2000185-127">[124]</a> abolitionist views there gradually increased throughout the next few decades.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrownTager2000183-128">[125]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrownTager2000187–93-129">[126]</a> Abolitionists <a href="/wiki/John_Brown_(abolitionist)" title="John Brown (abolitionist)">John Brown</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sojourner_Truth" title="Sojourner Truth">Sojourner Truth</a> lived in Springfield and Northampton, respectively, while <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Douglass" title="Frederick Douglass">Frederick Douglass</a> lived in Boston and <a href="/wiki/Susan_B._Anthony" title="Susan B. Anthony">Susan B. Anthony</a> in <a href="/wiki/Adams,_Massachusetts" title="Adams, Massachusetts">Adams</a>. The works of such abolitionists contributed to Massachusetts's actions during the Civil War. Massachusetts was the first state to recruit, train, and arm a <a href="/wiki/African_Americans" title="African Americans">Black</a> regiment with <a href="/wiki/White_people" title="White people">White</a> officers, the <a href="/wiki/54th_Massachusetts_Infantry_Regiment" title="54th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment">54th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment</a>.<a href="#cite_note-130">[127]</a> In 1852, Massachusetts became the first state to pass <a href="/wiki/Compulsory_education" title="Compulsory education">compulsory education</a> laws.<a href="#cite_note-compschools-131">[128]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20th_century">20th century</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Massachusetts&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 20th century">edit</a>]</div> Although the <a href="/wiki/Wall_Street" title="Wall Street">U.S. stock market</a> had sustained steep losses the last week in October 1929, <a href="/wiki/October_29,_1929" class="mw-redirect" title="October 29, 1929">Tuesday, October 29</a> is remembered as the beginning of the Great Depression. The <a href="/wiki/Boston_Stock_Exchange" title="Boston Stock Exchange">Boston Stock Exchange</a>, drawn into the whirlpool of panic selling that beset the New York Stock Exchange, lost over 25 percent of its value in two days of frenzied trading. The BSE, nearly 100 years old at the time, had helped raise the capital that had funded many of the Commonwealth's factories, railroads, and businesses. "<a href="#cite_note-132">[129]</a> Governor of Massachusetts <a href="/wiki/Frank_G._Allen" title="Frank G. Allen">Frank G. Allen</a> appointed <a href="/wiki/John_C._Hull_(politician)" title="John C. Hull (politician)">John C. Hull</a> the first Securities Director of Massachusetts.<a href="#cite_note-133">[130]</a><a href="#cite_note-134">[131]</a><a href="#cite_note-135">[132]</a> Hull would assume office in January 1930, and his term would end in 1936.<a href="#cite_note-136">[133]</a> With the departure of several manufacturing companies, the state's industrial economy began to decline during the early 20th century. By the 1920s, competition from the <a href="/wiki/American_South" class="mw-redirect" title="American South">American South</a> and <a href="/wiki/Midwest" class="mw-redirect" title="Midwest">Midwest</a>, followed by the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a>, led to the collapse of the three main industries in Massachusetts: textiles, shoemaking, and precision mechanics.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrownTager2000246-137">[134]</a> This decline would continue into the latter half of the 20th century. Between 1950 and 1979, the number of Massachusetts residents involved in textile manufacturing declined from 264,000 to 63,000.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrownTager2000276-138">[135]</a> The 1969 closure of the <a href="/wiki/Springfield_Armory" title="Springfield Armory">Springfield Armory</a>, in particular, spurred an exodus of high-paying jobs from Western Massachusetts, which suffered greatly as it de-industrialized during the century's last 40 years.<a href="#cite_note-139">[136]</a> Massachusetts manufactured 3.4 percent of total United States military armaments produced during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, ranking tenth among the 48 states.<a href="#cite_note-140">[137]</a> After the world war, the economy of <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Massachusetts">eastern Massachusetts</a> transformed from one based on heavy industry into a <a href="/wiki/Service-based_economy" class="mw-redirect" title="Service-based economy">service-based economy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrownTager2000275–83-141">[138]</a> Government contracts, private investment, and research facilities led to a new and improved industrial climate, with reduced unemployment and increased per capita income. Suburbanization flourished, and by the 1970s, the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Route_128" title="Massachusetts Route 128">Route 128</a>/<a href="/wiki/Interstate_95" title="Interstate 95">Interstate 95</a> corridor was dotted with <a href="/wiki/High_tech" title="High tech">high-tech</a> companies who recruited graduates of the area's many elite institutions of higher education.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrownTager2000284-142">[139]</a> In 1987, the state received federal funding for the Central Artery/Tunnel Project. Commonly known as "the <a href="/wiki/Big_Dig" title="Big Dig">Big Dig</a>", it was, at the time, the biggest federal highway project ever approved.<a href="#cite_note-BigDig1-143">[140]</a> The project included making the <a href="/wiki/Central_Artery" title="Central Artery">Central Artery</a>, part of <a href="/wiki/Interstate_93" title="Interstate 93">Interstate 93</a>, into a tunnel under downtown Boston, in addition to the re-routing of several other major highways.<a href="#cite_note-BigDig2-144">[141]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">failed verification</a>] The project was often controversial, with numerous claims of graft and mismanagement, and with its initial price tag of $2.5 billion increasing to a final tally of over $15 billion. Nonetheless, the Big Dig changed the face of <a href="/wiki/Downtown_Boston" title="Downtown Boston">Downtown Boston</a><a href="#cite_note-BigDig1-143">[140]</a> and connected areas that were once divided by elevated highway. Much of the raised old Central Artery was replaced with the <a href="/wiki/Rose_Fitzgerald_Kennedy_Greenway" title="Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy Greenway">Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy Greenway</a>. The project also improved traffic conditions along several routes.<a href="#cite_note-BigDig1-143">[140]</a><a href="#cite_note-BigDig2-144">[141]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Notable_20th_century_politicians">Notable 20th century politicians</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Massachusetts&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Notable 20th century politicians">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:John_F._Kennedy,_White_House_color_photo_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/John_F._Kennedy%2C_White_House_color_photo_portrait.jpg/220px-John_F._Kennedy%2C_White_House_color_photo_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="285" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/John_F._Kennedy%2C_White_House_color_photo_portrait.jpg/330px-John_F._Kennedy%2C_White_House_color_photo_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/John_F._Kennedy%2C_White_House_color_photo_portrait.jpg/440px-John_F._Kennedy%2C_White_House_color_photo_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1419" data-file-height="1840" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a>, Massachusetts native and 35th President of the United States (1961–1963)</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Kennedy_family" title="Kennedy family">Kennedy family</a> was prominent in 20th-century Massachusetts politics. The children of businessman and ambassador <a href="/wiki/Joseph_P._Kennedy_Sr." title="Joseph P. Kennedy Sr.">Joseph P. Kennedy Sr.</a> included <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a>, who was a <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">senator</a> and <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">U.S. president</a> before <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="Assassination of John F. Kennedy">his assassination</a> in 1963; <a href="/wiki/Ted_Kennedy" title="Ted Kennedy">Ted Kennedy</a>, a <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">senator</a> from 1962 until his death in 2009;<a href="#cite_note-145">[142]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eunice_Kennedy_Shriver" title="Eunice Kennedy Shriver">Eunice Kennedy Shriver</a>, a co-founder of the <a href="/wiki/Special_Olympics" title="Special Olympics">Special Olympics</a>.<a href="#cite_note-146">[143]</a> In 1966, Massachusetts became the first state to directly elect an African American to the U.S. senate with <a href="/wiki/Edward_Brooke" title="Edward Brooke">Edward Brooke</a>.<a href="#cite_note-147">[144]</a> <a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a>, 41st <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a> (1989–1993) was born in <a href="/wiki/Milton,_Massachusetts" title="Milton, Massachusetts">Milton</a> in 1924.<a href="#cite_note-148">[145]</a> Other notable Massachusetts politicians on the national level included <a href="/wiki/Joseph_W._Martin_Jr." title="Joseph W. Martin Jr.">Joseph W. Martin Jr.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Speaker of the United States House of Representatives">Speaker of the House</a> (from 1947 to 1949 and then again from 1953 to 1955) and leader of House Republicans from 1939 until 1959 (where he was the only Republican to serve as Speaker between 1931 and 1995),<a href="#cite_note-149">[146]</a> <a href="/wiki/John_W._McCormack" title="John W. McCormack">John W. McCormack</a>, Speaker of the House in the 1960s, and <a href="/wiki/Tip_O%27Neill" title="Tip O'Neill">Tip O'Neill</a>, whose service as Speaker of the House from 1977 to 1987 was the longest continuous tenure in United States history.<a href="#cite_note-150">[147]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="21st_century">21st century</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Massachusetts&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: 21st century">edit</a>]</div> On May 17, 2004, Massachusetts became the first state in the U.S. to legalize <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Massachusetts" title="Same-sex marriage in Massachusetts">same-sex marriage</a>. This followed the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Supreme_Judicial_Court" title="Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court">Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court</a>'s decision in <a href="/wiki/Goodridge_v._Department_of_Public_Health" title="Goodridge v. Department of Public Health">Goodridge v. Department of Public Health</a> in November 2003, which determined that the exclusion of same-sex couples from the right to a civil marriage was unconstitutional.<a href="#cite_note-CNNmarriage-66">[63]</a> In 2004, Massachusetts senator <a href="/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">John Kerry</a>, who won the Democratic nomination for President of the United States, lost to incumbent <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a>. Eight years later, former Massachusetts governor <a href="/wiki/Mitt_Romney" title="Mitt Romney">Mitt Romney</a> (the Republican nominee) lost to incumbent <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> in 2012. Another eight years later, Massachusetts senator <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Warren" title="Elizabeth Warren">Elizabeth Warren</a> became a frontrunner in the Democratic primaries for the 2020 presidential election. However, she later suspended her campaign and endorsed presumptive nominee <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a>.<a href="#cite_note-151">[148]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1st_Boston_Marathon_blast_seen_from_2nd_floor_and_a_half_block_away.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/1st_Boston_Marathon_blast_seen_from_2nd_floor_and_a_half_block_away.jpg/200px-1st_Boston_Marathon_blast_seen_from_2nd_floor_and_a_half_block_away.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/1st_Boston_Marathon_blast_seen_from_2nd_floor_and_a_half_block_away.jpg/300px-1st_Boston_Marathon_blast_seen_from_2nd_floor_and_a_half_block_away.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/1st_Boston_Marathon_blast_seen_from_2nd_floor_and_a_half_block_away.jpg/400px-1st_Boston_Marathon_blast_seen_from_2nd_floor_and_a_half_block_away.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2159" data-file-height="1530" /></a><figcaption>Boston Marathon bombing</figcaption></figure> Two <a href="/wiki/Boston_marathon_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="Boston marathon bombing">pressure cooker bombs exploded</a> near the finish line of the <a href="/wiki/Boston_Marathon" title="Boston Marathon">Boston Marathon</a> on April 15, 2013, at around 2:49 pm local time (<a href="/wiki/Eastern_Time_Zone" title="Eastern Time Zone">EDT</a>). The explosions killed three people and injured an estimated 264 others.<a href="#cite_note-152">[149]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Federal Bureau of Investigation">Federal Bureau of Investigation</a> (FBI) later identified the suspects as brothers <a href="/wiki/Dzhokhar_Tsarnaev" title="Dzhokhar Tsarnaev">Dzhokhar Tsarnaev</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tamerlan_Tsarnaev" title="Tamerlan Tsarnaev">Tamerlan Tsarnaev</a>. The ensuing <a href="/wiki/Manhunt_(law_enforcement)" title="Manhunt (law enforcement)">manhunt</a> ended on April 19 when thousands of law enforcement officers searched a 20-block area of nearby <a href="/wiki/Watertown,_Massachusetts" title="Watertown, Massachusetts">Watertown</a>. Dzhokhar later said he was motivated by extremist <a href="/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">Islamic</a> beliefs and learned to build explosive devices from <a href="/wiki/Inspire_(magazine)" title="Inspire (magazine)">Inspire</a>, the online magazine of <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda_in_the_Arabian_Peninsula" title="Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula">al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula</a>.<a href="#cite_note-153">[150]</a> On November 8, 2016, Massachusetts voted in favor of the Massachusetts <a href="/wiki/Legality_of_cannabis_by_U.S._jurisdiction" title="Legality of cannabis by U.S. jurisdiction">Marijuana Legalization Initiative</a>, also known as Question 4.<a href="#cite_note-154">[151]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Massachusetts&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Geography">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Massachusetts" title="Geography of Massachusetts">Geography of Massachusetts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Geology_of_New_England" title="Geology of New England">Geology of New England</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:East_South_East_View,_Mt_Sugarloaf,_South_Deerfield_MA.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/East_South_East_View%2C_Mt_Sugarloaf%2C_South_Deerfield_MA.jpg/220px-East_South_East_View%2C_Mt_Sugarloaf%2C_South_Deerfield_MA.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/East_South_East_View%2C_Mt_Sugarloaf%2C_South_Deerfield_MA.jpg/330px-East_South_East_View%2C_Mt_Sugarloaf%2C_South_Deerfield_MA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/East_South_East_View%2C_Mt_Sugarloaf%2C_South_Deerfield_MA.jpg/440px-East_South_East_View%2C_Mt_Sugarloaf%2C_South_Deerfield_MA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6010" data-file-height="2435" /></a><figcaption>A portion of the north-central <a href="/wiki/Pioneer_Valley" title="Pioneer Valley">Pioneer Valley</a> in <a href="/wiki/South_Deerfield,_Massachusetts" title="South Deerfield, Massachusetts">South Deerfield</a></figcaption></figure> Massachusetts is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_area" title="List of U.S. states and territories by area">seventh-smallest state in the United States</a>.<a href="#cite_note-z693-155">[152]</a> It is located in the <a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a> region of the <a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States" title="Northeastern United States">Northeastern United States</a>.<a href="#cite_note-z980-156">[153]</a> It has an area of 10,555 square miles (27,340 km2),<a href="#cite_note-b926-157">[154]</a> 25.7% of which is water.<a href="#cite_note-o079-158">[155]</a> Several large bays distinctly shape its coast, giving it the nickname "the Bay State".<a href="#cite_note-z323-159">[156]</a> Boston is its largest city.<a href="#cite_note-r858-160">[157]</a> Despite its small size, Massachusetts features numerous <a href="/wiki/Topography" title="Topography">topographically</a> distinctive regions. The large <a href="/wiki/Coastal_plain" title="Coastal plain">coastal plain</a> of the Atlantic Ocean in the eastern section of the state contains <a href="/wiki/Greater_Boston" title="Greater Boston">Greater Boston</a>, along with most of the state's population,<a href="#cite_note-GreaterBoston-64">[61]</a> as well as the distinctive <a href="/wiki/Cape_Cod" title="Cape Cod">Cape Cod</a> <a href="/wiki/Peninsula" title="Peninsula">peninsula</a>. To the west lies the hilly, rural region of <a href="/wiki/Central_Massachusetts" title="Central Massachusetts">Central Massachusetts</a>, and beyond that, the <a href="/wiki/Connecticut_River" title="Connecticut River">Connecticut River Valley</a>. Along the western border of <a href="/wiki/Western_Massachusetts" title="Western Massachusetts">Western Massachusetts</a> lies the highest elevated part of the state, <a href="/wiki/The_Berkshires" class="mw-redirect" title="The Berkshires">the Berkshires</a>, forming a portion of the northern terminus of the <a href="/wiki/Appalachian_Mountains" title="Appalachian Mountains">Appalachian Mountains</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The U.S. <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a> administers a number of natural and historical <a href="/wiki/List_of_areas_in_the_National_Park_System_in_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="List of areas in the National Park System in Massachusetts">sites in Massachusetts</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NPS1-161">[158]</a> Along with twelve national historic sites, areas, and corridors, the National Park Service also manages the <a href="/wiki/Cape_Cod_National_Seashore" title="Cape Cod National Seashore">Cape Cod National Seashore</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Boston_Harbor_Islands_National_Recreation_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Boston Harbor Islands National Recreation Area">Boston Harbor Islands National Recreation Area</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NPS1-161">[158]</a> In addition, the <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Conservation_and_Recreation" title="Department of Conservation and Recreation">Department of Conservation and Recreation</a> maintains a number of <a href="/wiki/List_of_Massachusetts_state_parks" title="List of Massachusetts state parks">parks</a>, trails, and beaches throughout Massachusetts.<a href="#cite_note-162">[159]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ecology">Ecology</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Massachusetts&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Ecology">edit</a>]</div> The primary <a href="/wiki/Biome" title="Biome">biome</a> of inland Massachusetts is <a href="/wiki/Temperate_deciduous_forest" title="Temperate deciduous forest">temperate deciduous forest</a>.<a href="#cite_note-163">[160]</a> Although much of Massachusetts had been cleared for agriculture, leaving only traces of <a href="/wiki/Old-growth_forest" title="Old-growth forest">old-growth forest</a> in isolated pockets, secondary growth has regenerated in many rural areas as farms have been abandoned.<a href="#cite_note-164">[161]</a> Forests cover around 62% of Massachusetts.<a href="#cite_note-165">[162]</a> The areas most affected by human development include the Greater Boston area in the east and the Springfield metropolitan area in the west, although the latter includes agricultural areas throughout the Connecticut River Valley.<a href="#cite_note-166">[163]</a> There are 219 <a href="/wiki/Endangered_species" title="Endangered species">endangered species</a> in Massachusetts.<a href="#cite_note-167">[164]</a> A number of species are doing well in the increasingly urbanized Massachusetts. <a href="/wiki/Peregrine_falcon" title="Peregrine falcon">Peregrine falcons</a> utilize office towers in larger cities as nesting areas,<a href="#cite_note-168">[165]</a> and the population of <a href="/wiki/Coyote" title="Coyote">coyotes</a>, whose diet may include garbage and roadkill, has been increasing in recent decades.<a href="#cite_note-169">[166]</a> <a href="/wiki/White-tailed_deer" title="White-tailed deer">White-tailed deer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Raccoon" title="Raccoon">raccoons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wild_turkey" title="Wild turkey">wild turkeys</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Eastern_gray_squirrel" title="Eastern gray squirrel">eastern gray squirrels</a> are also found throughout Massachusetts. In more rural areas in the western part of Massachusetts, larger mammals such as <a href="/wiki/Moose" title="Moose">moose</a> and <a href="/wiki/American_black_bear" title="American black bear">black bears</a> have returned, largely due to <a href="/wiki/Reforestation" title="Reforestation">reforestation</a> following the regional decline in agriculture.<a href="#cite_note-170">[167]</a> Massachusetts is located along the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Flyway" title="Atlantic Flyway">Atlantic Flyway</a>, a major route for migratory <a href="/wiki/Waterfowl" class="mw-redirect" title="Waterfowl">waterfowl</a> along the eastern coast.<a href="#cite_note-171">[168]</a> Lakes in central Massachusetts provide habitat for many species of fish and waterfowl, but some species such as the <a href="/wiki/Common_loon" title="Common loon">common loon</a> are becoming rare.<a href="#cite_note-172">[169]</a> A significant population of <a href="/wiki/Long-tailed_duck" title="Long-tailed duck">long-tailed ducks</a> winter off <a href="/wiki/Nantucket" title="Nantucket">Nantucket</a>. Small offshore islands and beaches are home to <a href="/wiki/Roseate_tern" title="Roseate tern">roseate terns</a> and are important breeding areas for the locally threatened <a href="/wiki/Piping_plover" title="Piping plover">piping plover</a>.<a href="#cite_note-173">[170]</a> Protected areas such as the <a href="/wiki/Monomoy_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Monomoy National Wildlife Refuge">Monomoy National Wildlife Refuge</a> provide critical breeding habitat for shorebirds and a variety of marine wildlife including a large population of <a href="/wiki/Grey_seal" title="Grey seal">grey seals</a>. Since 2009, there has been a significant increase in the number of <a href="/wiki/Great_white_shark" title="Great white shark">Great white sharks</a> spotted and tagged in the coastal waters off of <a href="/wiki/Cape_Cod" title="Cape Cod">Cape Cod</a>.<a href="#cite_note-174">[171]</a><a href="#cite_note-175">[172]</a><a href="#cite_note-176">[173]</a> Freshwater fish species in Massachusetts include <a href="/wiki/Bass_(fish)" title="Bass (fish)">bass</a>, <a href="/wiki/Common_carp" title="Common carp">carp</a>, <a href="/wiki/Catfish" title="Catfish">catfish</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Trout" title="Trout">trout</a>, while saltwater species such as <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_cod" title="Atlantic cod">Atlantic cod</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haddock" title="Haddock">haddock</a>, and <a href="/wiki/American_lobster" title="American lobster">American lobster</a> populate offshore waters.<a href="#cite_note-177">[174]</a> Other marine species include <a href="/wiki/Harbor_seal" title="Harbor seal">Harbor seals</a>, the endangered <a href="/wiki/North_Atlantic_right_whale" title="North Atlantic right whale">North Atlantic right whales</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/Humpback_whale" title="Humpback whale">humpback whales</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fin_whale" title="Fin whale">fin whales</a>, <a href="/wiki/Minke_whale" title="Minke whale">minke whales</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_white-sided_dolphin" title="Atlantic white-sided dolphin">Atlantic white-sided dolphins</a>.<a href="#cite_note-178">[175]</a> The <a href="/wiki/European_corn_borer" title="European corn borer">European corn borer</a>, a significant agricultural pest, was first found in North America near Boston, Massachusetts in 1917.<a href="#cite_note-179">[176]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Massachusetts&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Climate">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Massachusetts" title="Climate of Massachusetts">Climate of Massachusetts</a></div>Most of Massachusetts has a <a href="/wiki/Humid_continental_climate" title="Humid continental climate">humid continental climate</a>, with cold winters and warm summers. Far southeast coastal areas are the broad transition zone to <a href="/wiki/Humid_Subtropical" class="mw-redirect" title="Humid Subtropical">Humid Subtropical</a> climates. The warm to hot summers render the <a href="/wiki/Oceanic_climate" title="Oceanic climate">oceanic climate</a> rare in this transition, only applying to exposed coastal areas such as on the peninsula of <a href="/wiki/Barnstable_County,_Massachusetts" title="Barnstable County, Massachusetts">Barnstable County</a>. The climate of <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a> is quite representative for the commonwealth, characterized by summer highs of around 81 °F (27 °C) and winter highs of 35 °F (2 °C), and is quite wet. Frosts are frequent all winter, even in coastal areas due to prevailing inland winds. Boston has a relatively sunny climate for a coastal city at its latitude, averaging over 2,600 hours of sunshine a year. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:K%C3%B6ppen_Climate_Types_Massachusetts.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/K%C3%B6ppen_Climate_Types_Massachusetts.png/220px-K%C3%B6ppen_Climate_Types_Massachusetts.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/K%C3%B6ppen_Climate_Types_Massachusetts.png/330px-K%C3%B6ppen_Climate_Types_Massachusetts.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/K%C3%B6ppen_Climate_Types_Massachusetts.png/440px-K%C3%B6ppen_Climate_Types_Massachusetts.png 2x" data-file-width="1530" data-file-height="1295" /></a><figcaption>Koppen climate types of <a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Massachusetts" title="Climate of Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="margin:auto;"> <caption>Average daily maximum and minimum temperatures for selected cities in Massachusetts<a href="#cite_note-180">[177]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Location </th> <th>July (°F) </th> <th>July (°C) </th> <th>January (°F) </th> <th>January (°C) </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a></td> <td>81/65</td> <td>27/18</td> <td>36/22</td> <td>2/−5 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Worcester,_Massachusetts" title="Worcester, Massachusetts">Worcester</a></td> <td>79/61</td> <td>26/16</td> <td>31/17</td> <td>0/−8 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Springfield,_Massachusetts" title="Springfield, Massachusetts">Springfield</a></td> <td>84/62</td> <td>27/17</td> <td>34/17</td> <td>1/−8 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Bedford,_Massachusetts" title="New Bedford, Massachusetts">New Bedford</a></td> <td>80/65</td> <td>26/18</td> <td>37/23</td> <td>3/−4 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Quincy,_Massachusetts" title="Quincy, Massachusetts">Quincy</a></td> <td>80/61</td> <td>26/16</td> <td>33/18</td> <td>1/−7 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Plymouth,_Massachusetts" title="Plymouth, Massachusetts">Plymouth</a></td> <td>80/61</td> <td>27/16</td> <td>38/20</td> <td>3/−6 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Environmental_issues">Environmental issues</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Massachusetts&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Environmental issues">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate_change">Climate change</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Massachusetts&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Climate change">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Massachusetts" title="Climate change in Massachusetts">Climate change in Massachusetts</a></div> Climate change in Massachusetts will affect both urban and rural environments, including forestry, fisheries, agriculture, and coastal development.<a href="#cite_note-:0-181">[178]</a><a href="#cite_note-182">[179]</a><a href="#cite_note-natlclimate-183">[180]</a> The Northeast is projected to warm faster than global average temperatures; by 2035, according to the U. S. Global Change Research Program, the Northeast is "projected to be more than 3.6°F (2°C) warmer on average than during the preindustrial era".<a href="#cite_note-natlclimate-183">[180]</a> As of August 2016, the EPA reports that Massachusetts has warmed by over two degrees Fahrenheit, or 1.1 degrees Celsius.<a href="#cite_note-EPA_Climate_Change_for_Massachusetts-184">[181]</a> Shifting temperatures also result in the shifting of rainfall patterns and the intensification of precipitation events. To that end, average precipitation in the Northeast United States has risen by ten percent from 1895 to 2011, and the number of heavy precipitation events has increased by seventy percent during that time.<a href="#cite_note-EPA_Climate_Change_for_Massachusetts-184">[181]</a> These increased precipitation patterns are focused in the winter and spring. Increasing temperatures coupled with increasing precipitation will result in earlier snow melts and subsequent drier soil in the summer months.<a href="#cite_note-185">[182]</a> The shifting climate in Massachusetts will result in a significant change to the state's built environment and ecosystems. In <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a> alone, costs of climate change-related storms will result in $5 to $100 billion in damage.<a href="#cite_note-EPA_Climate_Change_for_Massachusetts-184">[181]</a> Warmer temperatures will also disrupt bird migration and flora blooming. With these changes, deer populations are expected to increase, resulting in a decrease in underbrush which smaller fauna use as camouflage. Additionally, rising temperatures will increase the number of reported <a href="/wiki/Lyme_disease" title="Lyme disease">Lyme disease</a> cases in the state. <a href="/wiki/Tick" title="Tick">Ticks</a> can transmit the disease once temperatures reach 45 degrees, so shorter winters will increase the window of transmission. These warmer temperatures will also increase the prevalence of <a href="/wiki/Asian_tiger_mosquitoes" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian tiger mosquitoes">Asian tiger mosquitoes</a>, which often carry the <a href="/wiki/West_Nile_virus" title="West Nile virus">West Nile virus</a>.<a href="#cite_note-EPA_Climate_Change_for_Massachusetts-184">[181]</a> To fight this change, the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Executive_Office_of_Energy_and_Environmental_Affairs" title="Massachusetts Executive Office of Energy and Environmental Affairs">Massachusetts Executive Office of Energy and Environmental Affairs</a> has outlined a path to <a href="/wiki/Low-carbon_economy" title="Low-carbon economy">decarbonize</a> the state's economy. On April 22, 2020, Kathleen A. Theoharides, the state's Secretary of Energy and Environmental Affairs, released a Determination of Statewide Emissions limits for 2050. In her letter, Theoharides stresses that as of 2020, the Commonwealth has experienced property damage attributable to climate change of more than $60 billion. To ensure that the Commonwealth experiences warming no more than 1.5 °C of pre-industrialization levels, the state will work towards two goals by 2050: to achieve <a href="/wiki/Net-zero_emissions" title="Net-zero emissions">net-zero emissions</a>, and to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 85 percent overall.<a href="#cite_note-186">[183]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Power_initiatives">Power initiatives</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Massachusetts&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Power initiatives">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Massachusetts" title="Solar power in Massachusetts">Solar power in Massachusetts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Massachusetts" title="Wind power in Massachusetts">Wind power in Massachusetts</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Plug-in_electric_vehicles_in_Massachusetts" title="Plug-in electric vehicles in Massachusetts">Plug-in electric vehicles in Massachusetts</a></div> The State of Massachusetts has developed a plethora of incentives to encourage the implementation of <a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy" title="Renewable energy">renewable energy</a> and efficient appliances and home facilities. The Mass Save program, formed in conjunction with the State by several companies that provide power and gas in Massachusetts, provides homeowners and renters with monetary incentives to <a href="/wiki/Retrofit" class="mw-redirect" title="Retrofit">retrofit</a> their homes with efficient HVAC equipment and other household appliances. Appliances such as water heaters, air conditioners, washers and driers, and heat pumps are eligible for rebates in order to incentivize change.<a href="#cite_note-187">[184]</a> The concept of Mass Save was created in 2008 by the passing of the Green Communities Act of 2008, during <a href="/wiki/Deval_Patrick" title="Deval Patrick">Deval Patrick</a>'s tenure as <a href="/wiki/Governor" title="Governor">governor</a>. The main goal of the Green Communities Act was to reduce the consumption of <a href="/wiki/Fossil_fuels" class="mw-redirect" title="Fossil fuels">fossil fuels</a> in the State and to encourage new, more efficient technologies. Among others, one result of this act was a requirement for Program Administrators of utilities to invest in saving energy, as opposed to purchasing and generating additional energy where economically feasible. In Massachusetts, eleven Program Administrators, including <a href="/wiki/Eversource" class="mw-redirect" title="Eversource">Eversource</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Grid_(US)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Grid (US)">National Grid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Western_Massachusetts_Electric_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Massachusetts Electric Company">Western Massachusetts Electric</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cape_Light_Compact&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cape Light Compact (page does not exist)">Cape Light Compact</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Until_(company)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Until (company) (page does not exist)">Until</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Berkshire_Gas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Berkshire Gas (page does not exist)">Berkshire Gas</a>, jointly own the rights to this program, in conjunction with the <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Energy_Resources_(Massachusetts)" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Energy Resources (Massachusetts)">MA Department of Energy Resources</a> (DOER) and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Energy_Efficiency_Advisory_Council&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energy Efficiency Advisory Council (page does not exist)">Energy Efficiency Advisory Council</a> (EEAC).<a href="#cite_note-188">[185]</a> The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Massachusetts_State_Revenue_Service&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Massachusetts State Revenue Service (page does not exist)">State Revenue Service</a> provides incentives for the installation of <a href="/wiki/Solar_panel" title="Solar panel">solar panels</a>. In addition to the Federal Residential <a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_credit" title="Renewable energy credit">Renewable energy credit</a>, Massachusetts residents may be eligible for a tax credit of up to 15 percent of the project.<a href="#cite_note-189">[186]</a> Once installed, arrays are eligible for <a href="/wiki/Net_metering" title="Net metering">net metering</a>.<a href="#cite_note-190">[187]</a> Certain municipalities will offer up to $1.20 per watt, up to 50 percent of the system's cost on PV arrays 25 kW or less.<a href="#cite_note-191">[188]</a> The Massachusetts Department of Energy Resources also offered low-interest, fixed-rate financing with loan support for low-income residents until December 31, 2020.<a href="#cite_note-192">[189]</a> As a part of the Massachusetts Department of Energy Resources' effort to incentivize the usage of <a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy" title="Renewable energy">renewable energy</a>, the Massachusetts Offers Rebates for Electric Vehicles (MOR-EV) initiative was created. With this incentive, residents may qualify for a state-provided incentive of up to $2,500 for the purchase or lease of an <a href="/wiki/Electric_vehicle" title="Electric vehicle">electric vehicle</a>, or $1,500 for the purchase or lease of a <a href="/wiki/Plug-in_hybrid" title="Plug-in hybrid">plug-in hybrid</a> vehicle.<a href="#cite_note-193">[190]</a> This rebate is available in addition to the tax credits offered by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Energy" title="United States Department of Energy">United States Department of Energy</a> for the purchase of electric and plug-in hybrid vehicles.<a href="#cite_note-194">[191]</a> For income-eligible residents, Mass Save has partnered with Massachusetts Community Action Program Agencies and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Low-Income_Energy_Affordability_Network&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Low-Income Energy Affordability Network (page does not exist)">Low-Income Energy Affordability Network</a> (LEAN) to offer residents assistance with upgrades to their homes that will result in more efficient energy usage. Residents may qualify for a replacement of their heating system, insulation installation, appliances, and thermostats if they meet the income qualifications provided on Mass Save's website. For residents of 5+ family residential buildings, there are additional income-restricted benefits available through LEAN. If at least 50 percent of the residents of the building qualify as low income, <a href="/wiki/Efficient_energy_use" title="Efficient energy use">energy efficiency</a> improvements like those available through Mass Save are available. Residential structures operated by non-profit organizations, for profit operations, or housing authorities may take advantage of these programs.<a href="#cite_note-195">[192]</a> In late 2020, the administration of Massachusetts governor <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Baker" title="Charlie Baker">Charlie Baker</a> released a decarbonization roadmap to aim for net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. The plan calls for major investments in <a href="/wiki/Offshore_wind" class="mw-redirect" title="Offshore wind">offshore wind</a> and solar energy. It would also require all new cars sold in the state to be zero-emissions (<a href="/wiki/Electric_cars" class="mw-redirect" title="Electric cars">electric</a> or <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_powered_car" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydrogen powered car">hydrogen powered</a>) by 2035.<a href="#cite_note-196">[193]</a><a href="#cite_note-197">[194]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Massachusetts&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Demographics">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Massachusetts" title="Demographics of Massachusetts">Demographics of Massachusetts</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Massachusetts" title="List of people from Massachusetts">List of people from Massachusetts</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Massachusetts_population_map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Massachusetts_population_map.png/350px-Massachusetts_population_map.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="350" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Massachusetts_population_map.png/525px-Massachusetts_population_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/89/Massachusetts_population_map.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Massachusetts population density map. The centers of high-density settlement, from east to west, are Boston, Worcester, Springfield, and <a href="/wiki/Pittsfield,_Massachusetts" title="Pittsfield, Massachusetts">Pittsfield</a>, respectively.</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224496135">.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop{border-spacing:1px;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:0.3em;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop caption{background-color:lavender;color:black;padding-right:0.2em;padding-left:0.2em;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-bottom:none}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop th[scope=col]{border-bottom:1px solid black}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(2){text-align:right;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td.us-census-pop-estimate{padding-left:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(3){padding-left:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(4){padding-left:0.5em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-footnote{border-top:1px solid black;font-size:85%;text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-right{float:right;clear:right;margin:0 0 1em 1em}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-none{float:none;margin:0 1em 1em 0}}</style> <table class="us-census-pop us-census-pop-right"> <caption>Historical population</caption> <tbody><tr><th scope="col">Census</th><th scope="col"><abbr title="Population">Pop.</abbr></th><th scope="col"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1152813436">.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px;white-space:nowrap}</style>Note</th><th scope="col"><abbr title="Percent change">%±</abbr></th></tr> <tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1790_United_States_census" title="1790 United States census">1790</a></th><td>378,787</td><td></td><td>—</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1800_United_States_census" title="1800 United States census">1800</a></th><td>422,845</td><td></td><td>11.6%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1810_United_States_census" title="1810 United States census">1810</a></th><td>472,040</td><td></td><td>11.6%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1820_United_States_census" title="1820 United States census">1820</a></th><td>523,287</td><td></td><td>10.9%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1830_United_States_census" title="1830 United States census">1830</a></th><td>610,408</td><td></td><td>16.6%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1840_United_States_census" title="1840 United States census">1840</a></th><td>737,699</td><td></td><td>20.9%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1850_United_States_census" title="1850 United States census">1850</a></th><td>994,514</td><td></td><td>34.8%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1860_United_States_census" title="1860 United States census">1860</a></th><td>1,231,066</td><td></td><td>23.8%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1870_United_States_census" title="1870 United States census">1870</a></th><td>1,457,351</td><td></td><td>18.4%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1880_United_States_census" title="1880 United States census">1880</a></th><td>1,783,085</td><td></td><td>22.4%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1890_United_States_census" title="1890 United States census">1890</a></th><td>2,238,947</td><td></td><td>25.6%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1900_United_States_census" title="1900 United States census">1900</a></th><td>2,805,346</td><td></td><td>25.3%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1910_United_States_census" title="1910 United States census">1910</a></th><td>3,366,416</td><td></td><td>20.0%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1920_United_States_census" title="1920 United States census">1920</a></th><td>3,852,356</td><td></td><td>14.4%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1930_United_States_census" title="1930 United States census">1930</a></th><td>4,249,614</td><td></td><td>10.3%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1940_United_States_census" title="1940 United States census">1940</a></th><td>4,316,721</td><td></td><td>1.6%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1950_United_States_census" title="1950 United States census">1950</a></th><td>4,690,514</td><td></td><td>8.7%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_census" title="1960 United States census">1960</a></th><td>5,148,578</td><td></td><td>9.8%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1970_United_States_census" title="1970 United States census">1970</a></th><td>5,689,170</td><td></td><td>10.5%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_census" title="1980 United States census">1980</a></th><td>5,737,037</td><td></td><td>0.8%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1990_United_States_census" title="1990 United States census">1990</a></th><td>6,016,425</td><td></td><td>4.9%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_census" title="2000 United States census">2000</a></th><td>6,349,097</td><td></td><td>5.5%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_census" title="2010 United States census">2010</a></th><td>6,547,629</td><td></td><td>3.1%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020</a></th><td>7,029,917</td><td></td><td>7.4%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">2023 (est.)</th><td class="us-census-pop-estimate">7,001,399</td><td></td><td>−0.4%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" class="us-census-pop-footnote" style="text-align: center"><a href="#cite_note-198">[195]</a><a href="#cite_note-199">[196]</a></td></tr> </tbody></table> At the <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020 U.S. census</a>, Massachusetts had a population of over 7 million, a 7.4% increase since the <a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="2010 United States Census">2010 United States Census</a>.<a href="#cite_note-200">[197]</a><a href="#cite_note-2020Census-201">[198]</a> As of 2015, Massachusetts was estimated to be the <a href="/wiki/List_of_states_and_territories_of_the_United_States_by_population_density" title="List of states and territories of the United States by population density">third-most densely populated U.S. state</a>, with 871.0 people per square mile,<a href="#cite_note-qcensus-202">[199]</a> behind <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island" title="Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a>. In 2014, Massachusetts had 1,011,811 foreign-born residents or 15% of the population.<a href="#cite_note-qcensus-202">[199]</a> As of July 2023, the population is estimated to be 7,001,399.<a href="#cite_note-Census_Quick_Facts:_Mass-6">[5]</a> Most Massachusetts residents live within the Boston metropolitan area, also known as <a href="/wiki/Greater_Boston" title="Greater Boston">Greater Boston</a>, which includes Boston and its proximate surroundings but also extending to <a href="/wiki/Greater_Lowell" title="Greater Lowell">Greater Lowell</a> and to <a href="/wiki/Worcester,_Massachusetts" title="Worcester, Massachusetts">Worcester</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Springfield_metropolitan_area,_Massachusetts" title="Springfield metropolitan area, Massachusetts">Springfield metropolitan area</a>, also known as Greater Springfield, is also a major center of population. Demographically, the <a href="/wiki/Center_of_population" title="Center of population">center of population</a> of Massachusetts is located in the town of <a href="/wiki/Natick,_Massachusetts" title="Natick, Massachusetts">Natick</a>.<a href="#cite_note-203">[200]</a><a href="#cite_note-204">[201]</a> Like the rest of the <a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States" title="Northeastern United States">Northeastern United States</a>, the population of Massachusetts has continued to grow in the late 20th and early 21st centuries. Massachusetts is the fastest-growing state in <a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a> and the 25th fastest-growing state in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-GlobeTopgrowth-205">[202]</a> Population growth has been driven primarily by the relatively high quality of life and a large higher education system.<a href="#cite_note-GlobeTopgrowth-205">[202]</a> Foreign immigration is also a factor in the state's population growth, causing the state's population to continue to grow as of the <a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="2010 United States Census">2010 census</a> (particularly in <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_gateway_cities" title="Massachusetts gateway cities">Massachusetts gateway cities</a> where costs of living are lower).<a href="#cite_note-GlobeDemographics1-206">[203]</a><a href="#cite_note-USAToday1-207">[204]</a> Forty percent of foreign immigrants were from <a href="/wiki/Central_America" title="Central America">Central</a> or <a href="/wiki/South_America" title="South America">South America</a>, according to a 2005 Census Bureau study, with many of the remainder from <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a>. Many residents who have settled in Greater Springfield claim <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rican</a> descent.<a href="#cite_note-GlobeDemographics1-206">[203]</a> Many areas of Massachusetts showed relatively stable population trends between 2000 and 2010.<a href="#cite_note-USAToday1-207">[204]</a> <a href="/wiki/Exburb" class="mw-redirect" title="Exburb">Exurban</a> Boston and coastal areas grew the most rapidly, while <a href="/wiki/Berkshire_County,_Massachusetts" title="Berkshire County, Massachusetts">Berkshire County</a> in far <a href="/wiki/Western_Massachusetts" title="Western Massachusetts">Western Massachusetts</a> and Barnstable County on <a href="/wiki/Cape_Cod" title="Cape Cod">Cape Cod</a> were the only counties to lose population as of the <a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="2010 United States Census">2010 census</a>.<a href="#cite_note-USAToday1-207">[204]</a> In 2018, The top countries of origin for Massachusetts' immigrants were <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> and <a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a>.<a href="#cite_note-208">[205]</a> By sex, 48.4% were male, and 51.6% were female in 2014. In terms of age, 79.2% were over 18 and 14.8% were over 65.<a href="#cite_note-qcensus-202">[199]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Housing_and_Urban_Development" title="United States Department of Housing and Urban Development">HUD</a>'s 2022 <a href="/wiki/Annual_Homeless_Assessment_Report_to_Congress" title="Annual Homeless Assessment Report to Congress">Annual Homeless Assessment Report</a>, there were an estimated 15,507 <a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="Homelessness in Massachusetts">homeless people in Massachusetts</a>.<a href="#cite_note-209">[206]</a><a href="#cite_note-210">[207]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Race_and_ancestry">Race and ancestry</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Massachusetts&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Race and ancestry">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:St._Patrick%27s_Day_Parade,_Scituate_MA.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/St._Patrick%27s_Day_Parade%2C_Scituate_MA.jpg/250px-St._Patrick%27s_Day_Parade%2C_Scituate_MA.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/St._Patrick%27s_Day_Parade%2C_Scituate_MA.jpg/375px-St._Patrick%27s_Day_Parade%2C_Scituate_MA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/St._Patrick%27s_Day_Parade%2C_Scituate_MA.jpg/500px-St._Patrick%27s_Day_Parade%2C_Scituate_MA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2046" data-file-height="1365" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Saint_Patrick%27s_Day" title="Saint Patrick's Day">Saint Patrick's Day</a> parade in <a href="/wiki/Scituate,_Massachusetts" title="Scituate, Massachusetts">Scituate</a>, the municipality with the highest percentage identifying <a href="/wiki/Irish_diaspora" title="Irish diaspora">Irish</a> ancestry in the United States, at 47.5% in 2010.<a href="#cite_note-211">[208]</a> <a href="/wiki/Irish_Americans" title="Irish Americans">Irish Americans</a> constitute the largest ethnicity in Massachusetts.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ethnic_Origins_in_Massachusetts.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Ethnic_Origins_in_Massachusetts.png/245px-Ethnic_Origins_in_Massachusetts.png" decoding="async" width="245" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Ethnic_Origins_in_Massachusetts.png/368px-Ethnic_Origins_in_Massachusetts.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Ethnic_Origins_in_Massachusetts.png/490px-Ethnic_Origins_in_Massachusetts.png 2x" data-file-width="7000" data-file-height="4388" /></a><figcaption>Ethnic origins in Massachusetts</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable sortable collapsible"> <caption style="font-size:90%">Ethnic composition as of the <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020 census</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Race and Ethnicity<a href="#cite_note-212">[209]</a> </th> <th colspan="2" data-sort-type="number">Alone </th> <th colspan="2" data-sort-type="number">Total </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Non-Hispanic_or_Latino_whites" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-Hispanic or Latino whites">White (non-Hispanic)</a> </td> <td align="right">67.6% </td> <td align="left">67.6<div style="width:135.2px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:gray"> </div> </td> <td align="right">71.4% </td> <td align="left">71.4<div style="width:142.8px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:gray"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanic or Latino</a><a href="#cite_note-213">[c]</a> </td> <td align="right">— </td> <td> </td> <td align="right">12.6% </td> <td align="left">12.6<div style="width:25.2px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:green"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/African_Americans" title="African Americans">African American (non-Hispanic)</a> </td> <td align="right">6.5% </td> <td align="left">6.5<div style="width:13px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:mediumblue"> </div> </td> <td align="right">8.2% </td> <td align="left">8.2<div style="width:16.4px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:mediumblue"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Asian_Americans" title="Asian Americans">Asian</a> </td> <td align="right">7.2% </td> <td align="left">7.2<div style="width:14.4px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:purple"> </div> </td> <td align="right">8.2% </td> <td align="left">8.2<div style="width:16.4px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:purple"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native American</a> </td> <td align="right">0.1% </td> <td align="left">0.1<div style="width:0.2px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:gold"> </div> </td> <td align="right">0.9% </td> <td align="left">0.9<div style="width:1.8px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:gold"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islander_Americans" title="Pacific Islander Americans">Pacific Islander</a> </td> <td align="right">0.02% </td> <td align="left">0.02<div style="width:0.04px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:pink"> </div> </td> <td align="right">0.1% </td> <td align="left">0.1<div style="width:0.2px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:pink"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Other </td> <td align="right">1.3% </td> <td align="left">1.3<div style="width:2.6px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:brown"> </div> </td> <td align="right">3.6% </td> <td align="left">3.6<div style="width:7.2px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;color:inherit;background:brown"> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> The state's most populous ethnic group, non-Hispanic white, has declined from 95.4% in 1970 to 67.6% in 2020.<a href="#cite_note-qcensus-202">[199]</a><a href="#cite_note-214">[210]</a> As of 2011, non-Hispanic whites were involved in 63.6% of all the births,<a href="#cite_note-215">[211]</a> while 36.4% of the population of Massachusetts younger than age 1 was minorities (at least one parent who was not non-Hispanic white).<a href="#cite_note-216">[212]</a> One major reason for this is that non-Hispanic whites in Massachusetts recorded a <a href="/wiki/Total_fertility_rate" title="Total fertility rate">total fertility rate</a> of 1.36 in 2017, the second-lowest in the country after neighboring Rhode Island.<a href="#cite_note-217">[213]</a> As late as 1795, the population of Massachusetts was nearly 95% of English ancestry.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrownTager2000173-218">[214]</a> During the early and mid-19th century, immigrant groups began arriving in Massachusetts in large numbers; first from Ireland in the 1840s;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrownTager2000173–79-219">[215]</a> today the Irish and part-Irish are the largest ancestry group in the state at nearly 25% of the total population. Others arrived later from Quebec as well as places in Europe such as Italy, Portugal, and Poland.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrownTager2000203-220">[216]</a> In the early 20th century, an increasing number of <a href="/wiki/Great_Migration_(African_American)" title="Great Migration (African American)">African Americans migrated to Massachusetts</a>, although in somewhat fewer numbers than many other Northern states.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrownTager2000301-221">[217]</a> Later in the 20th century, immigration from Latin America increased considerably. More than 156,000 <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Americans_in_Boston" title="Chinese Americans in Boston">Chinese Americans</a> made their home in Massachusetts in 2014,<a href="#cite_note-222">[218]</a> and Boston hosts a growing <a href="/wiki/Chinatown,_Boston" title="Chinatown, Boston">Chinatown</a> accommodating heavily traveled <a href="/wiki/Chinatown_bus_lines" title="Chinatown bus lines">Chinese-owned bus lines</a> to and from <a href="/wiki/Chinatown,_Manhattan" title="Chinatown, Manhattan">Chinatown, Manhattan</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>. Massachusetts also has large <a href="/wiki/Dominican_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Dominican American">Dominican</a>, <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rican_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Puerto Rican American">Puerto Rican</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haitian_Americans" title="Haitian Americans">Haitian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cape_Verdean_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Cape Verdean American">Cape Verdean</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brazilian_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Brazilian American">Brazilian</a> populations.<a href="#cite_note-223">[219]</a> Boston's <a href="/wiki/South_End,_Boston" title="South End, Boston">South End</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jamaica_Plain" title="Jamaica Plain">Jamaica Plain</a> are both <a href="/wiki/Gay_village" title="Gay village">gay villages</a>, as is nearby <a href="/wiki/Provincetown,_Massachusetts" title="Provincetown, Massachusetts">Provincetown, Massachusetts</a> on Cape Cod.<a href="#cite_note-224">[220]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Boston_Chinatown_Paifang.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Boston_Chinatown_Paifang.jpg/250px-Boston_Chinatown_Paifang.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Boston_Chinatown_Paifang.jpg/375px-Boston_Chinatown_Paifang.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Boston_Chinatown_Paifang.jpg/500px-Boston_Chinatown_Paifang.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5129" data-file-height="3408" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Chinatown,_Boston" title="Chinatown, Boston">Boston's Chinatown</a>, with its <a href="/wiki/Paifang" title="Paifang">paifang</a> gate, is home to many <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Americans_in_Boston" title="Chinese Americans in Boston">Chinese</a> and also <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_Americans_in_Boston" title="Vietnamese Americans in Boston">Vietnamese</a> restaurants.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Party_goers_and_dancers_at_Back_Bay_Block_Party.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Party_goers_and_dancers_at_Back_Bay_Block_Party.jpg/220px-Party_goers_and_dancers_at_Back_Bay_Block_Party.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Party_goers_and_dancers_at_Back_Bay_Block_Party.jpg/330px-Party_goers_and_dancers_at_Back_Bay_Block_Party.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Party_goers_and_dancers_at_Back_Bay_Block_Party.jpg/440px-Party_goers_and_dancers_at_Back_Bay_Block_Party.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3960" data-file-height="2640" /></a><figcaption>Boston <a href="/wiki/Gay_pride" class="mw-redirect" title="Gay pride">gay pride</a> march, held annually in June. In 2004 Massachusetts became the first U.S. state to legalize <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Massachusetts" title="Same-sex marriage in Massachusetts">same-sex marriage</a>.</figcaption></figure> The largest ancestry group in Massachusetts are the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Americans" title="Irish Americans">Irish</a> (22.5% of the population), who live in significant numbers throughout the state but form more than 40% of the population along the South Shore in Norfolk and Plymouth counties (in both counties overall, Irish-Americans comprise more than 30% of the population). <a href="/wiki/Italian_Americans" title="Italian Americans">Italians</a> form the second-largest ethnic group in the state (13.5%), but form a plurality in some suburbs north of Boston and in a few towns in the Berkshires. <a href="/wiki/English_Americans" title="English Americans">English Americans</a>, the third-largest (11.4%) group, form a plurality in some western towns. <a href="/wiki/French_Americans" title="French Americans">French</a> and <a href="/wiki/French_Canadian" class="mw-redirect" title="French Canadian">French Canadians</a> also form a significant part (10.7%),<a href="#cite_note-225">[221]</a> with sizable populations in Bristol, Hampden, and Worcester Counties, along with Middlesex county especially concentrated in the areas surrounding Lowell and Lawrence.<a href="#cite_note-citydata2000-226">[222]</a><a href="#cite_note-227">[223]</a> <a href="/wiki/Lowell,_Massachusetts" title="Lowell, Massachusetts">Lowell</a> is home to the second-largest <a href="/wiki/Cambodian_Americans" title="Cambodian Americans">Cambodian</a> community of the nation.<a href="#cite_note-228">[224]</a> Massachusetts is home to a small community of <a href="/wiki/Greek_Americans" title="Greek Americans">Greek Americans</a> as well, which according to the <a href="/wiki/American_Community_Survey" title="American Community Survey">American Community Survey</a> there are 83,701 of them scattered along the state (1.2% of the total state population).<a href="#cite_note-229">[225]</a> There are also <a href="/wiki/List_of_American_Indian_Reservations_in_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="List of American Indian Reservations in Massachusetts">several populations</a> of <a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native Americans</a> in Massachusetts. The <a href="/wiki/Wampanoag_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Wampanoag people">Wampanoag</a> tribe maintains reservations at <a href="/wiki/Aquinnah,_Massachusetts" title="Aquinnah, Massachusetts">Aquinnah</a> on Martha's Vineyard and at <a href="/wiki/Mashpee,_Massachusetts" title="Mashpee, Massachusetts">Mashpee</a> on Cape Cod—with an ongoing <a href="/wiki/Massachusett_language" title="Massachusett language">native language revival project underway</a> since 1993, while the <a href="/wiki/Nipmuc" title="Nipmuc">Nipmuc</a> maintain two state-recognized reservations in the central part of the state, including one at <a href="/wiki/Grafton,_Massachusetts" title="Grafton, Massachusetts">Grafton</a>.<a href="#cite_note-230">[226]</a> Massachusetts has avoided many forms of racial strife seen elsewhere in the US, but examples such as the successful electoral showings of the <a href="/wiki/Nativism_(politics)" title="Nativism (politics)">nativist</a> (mainly <a href="/wiki/Anti-Catholicism" title="Anti-Catholicism">anti-Catholic</a>) <a href="/wiki/Know_Nothing" title="Know Nothing">Know Nothings</a> in the 1850s,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrownTager2000180–82-231">[227]</a> the controversial <a href="/wiki/Sacco_and_Vanzetti" title="Sacco and Vanzetti">Sacco and Vanzetti</a> executions in the 1920s,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrownTager2000257–58-232">[228]</a> and Boston's opposition to <a href="/wiki/Boston_busing_desegregation" class="mw-redirect" title="Boston busing desegregation">desegregation busing</a> in the 1970s.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrownTager2000300–4-233">[229]</a> Historical racial and ethnic composition Massachusetts – Racial and Ethnic Composition (NH = Non-Hispanic) Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race. <table class="wikitable"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Race / Ethnicity </th> <th>Pop 2000<a href="#cite_note-234">[230]</a> </th> <th>Pop 2010<a href="#cite_note-235">[231]</a> </th> <th>Pop 2020<a href="#cite_note-236">[232]</a> </th> <th>%2000 </th> <th>%2010 </th> <th>%2020 </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Non-Hispanic_or_Latino_whites" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-Hispanic or Latino whites">White</a> alone (NH) </td> <td>5,198,359 </td> <td>4,984,800 </td> <td>4,748,897 </td> <td>81.88% </td> <td>76.13% </td> <td>67.55% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Non-Hispanic_or_Latino_African_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-Hispanic or Latino African Americans">Black or African American</a> alone (NH) </td> <td>318,329 </td> <td>391,693 </td> <td>457,055 </td> <td>5.01% </td> <td>5.98% </td> <td>6.5% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native American</a> or <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Natives" title="Alaska Natives">Alaska Native</a> alone (NH) </td> <td>11,264 </td> <td>10,788 </td> <td>9,378 </td> <td>0.18% </td> <td>0.16% </td> <td>0.13% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Asian_Americans" title="Asian Americans">Asian</a> alone (NH) </td> <td>236,786 </td> <td>347,495 </td> <td>504,900 </td> <td>3.73% </td> <td>5.31% </td> <td>7.18% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islander_Americans" title="Pacific Islander Americans">Pacific Islander</a> alone (NH) </td> <td>1,706 </td> <td>1,467 </td> <td>1,607 </td> <td>0.03% </td> <td>0.02% </td> <td>0.02% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_census" title="Race and ethnicity in the United States census">Some Other Race</a> alone (NH) </td> <td>43,586 </td> <td>61,547 </td> <td>92,108 </td> <td>0.69% </td> <td>0.94% </td> <td>1.31% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Multiracial_Americans" title="Multiracial Americans">Mixed Race/Multi-Racial</a> (NH) </td> <td>110,338 </td> <td>122,195 </td> <td>328,278 </td> <td>1.74% </td> <td>1.87% </td> <td>4.67% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanic or Latino</a> (any race) </td> <td>428,729 </td> <td>627,654 </td> <td>887,685 </td> <td>6.75% </td> <td>9.59% </td> <td>12.63% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Total </td> <td>6,349,097 </td> <td>6,547,629 </td> <td>7,029,917 </td> <td>100% </td> <td>100% </td> <td>100% </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Languages">Languages</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Massachusetts&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Languages">edit</a>]</div> The most common varieties of <a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">American English</a> spoken in Massachusetts, other than <a href="/wiki/General_American" class="mw-redirect" title="General American">General American</a>, are the <a href="/wiki/New_England_English#Southwestern_New_England" title="New England English">cot-caught distinct, rhotic, western Massachusetts dialect</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Boston_accent" title="Boston accent">cot-caught merged, non-rhotic, eastern Massachusetts dialect</a> (popularly known as a "Boston accent").<a href="#cite_note-237">[233]</a> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="margin-left:1em; float:center"> <caption>Top 11 Non-English Languages Spoken in Massachusetts </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Language</th> <th>Percentage of population (as of 2010)<a href="#cite_note-MLA_Data-238">[234]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a></td> <td>7.50% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a></td> <td>2.97% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a> (including <a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Cantonese</a> and <a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Mandarin</a>)</td> <td>1.59% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a> (including <a href="/wiki/New_England_French" title="New England French">New England French</a>)</td> <td>1.11% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/French-based_creole_languages" title="French-based creole languages">French Creole</a></td> <td>0.89% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a></td> <td>0.72% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a></td> <td>0.62% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_language" title="Vietnamese language">Vietnamese</a></td> <td>0.58% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a></td> <td>0.41% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Khmer_language" title="Khmer language">Khmer (Cambodian)</a> (including all <a href="/wiki/Austroasiatic_languages" title="Austroasiatic languages">Austroasiatic languages</a>) (tied)</td> <td>0.37% </td></tr></tbody></table> As of 2010, 78.93% (4,823,127) of Massachusetts residents 5 and older spoke English at home as a <a href="/wiki/First_language" title="First language">first language</a>, while 7.50% (458,256) spoke Spanish, 2.97% (181,437) <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a>, 1.59% (96,690) Chinese (which includes <a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Cantonese</a> and <a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Mandarin</a>), 1.11% (67,788) French, 0.89% (54,456) <a href="/wiki/French-based_creole_languages" title="French-based creole languages">French Creole</a>, 0.72% (43,798) Italian, 0.62% (37,865) Russian, and <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_language" title="Vietnamese language">Vietnamese</a> was spoken as a primary language by 0.58% (35,283) of the population over 5. In total, 21.07% (1,287,419) of Massachusetts's population 5 and older spoke a first language other than English.<a href="#cite_note-qcensus-202">[199]</a><a href="#cite_note-MLA_Data-238">[234]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Massachusetts&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Religion">edit</a>]</div> <div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div class="mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black;transform:scaleX(-1)rotate(-90deg)"> <div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:0; top:0; border-width:0 200px 200px 0; border-color:Black; z-index:-1"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 1589.4544843865px; border-left-color:Red"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Red"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Red"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 791.58150883059px; border-left-color:Yellow"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Yellow"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Yellow"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 524.21835811132px; border-left-color:Orange"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Orange"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Orange"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 307.76835371753px; border-left-color:Pink"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Pink"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Pink"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 181.89932472811px; border-left-color:Teal"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Teal"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Teal"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 157.57478599687px; border-left-color:Lightblue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Lightblue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Lightblue"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 137.63819204712px; border-left-color:Blue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Blue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Blue"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:90.482705246602px 42.577929156507px 0 0; border-top-color:Purple"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Purple"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:0; border-width:0 63.461929754415px 100px 0; border-right-color:White"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;right:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 100px 0;border-color:White"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> Religious self-identification, per <a href="/wiki/Public_Religion_Research_Institute" title="Public Religion Research Institute">Public Religion Research Institute</a>'s 2022 American Values Survey<a href="#cite_note-239">[235]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_the_United_States" title="Irreligion in the United States">Unaffiliated</a> (34%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_the_United_States" title="Catholic Church in the United States">Catholicism</a> (34%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Protestantism_in_the_United_States" title="Protestantism in the United States">Protestantism</a> (22%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy" title="Eastern Orthodoxy">Eastern Orthodoxy</a> (1%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Unitarianism" title="Unitarianism">Unitarian</a>/<a href="/wiki/Unitarian_Universalism" title="Unitarian Universalism">Universalist</a> (1%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Judaism_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Judaism in the United States">Judaism</a> (3%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_the_United_States" title="Hinduism in the United States">Hinduism</a> (2%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_the_United_States" title="Buddhism in the United States">Buddhism</a> (1%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/New_Age" title="New Age">New Age</a> (1%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Other (1%)</div> </div> </div></div> Massachusetts was founded and settled by <a href="/wiki/Brownist" class="mw-redirect" title="Brownist">Brownist</a> <a href="/wiki/Puritans" title="Puritans">Puritans</a> in 1620,<a href="#cite_note-puritans-90">[87]</a> and soon after by other groups of <a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_separatism" title="Ecclesiastical separatism">Separatists</a>/<a href="/wiki/English_Dissenters" title="English Dissenters">Dissenters</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nonconformist_(Protestantism)" title="Nonconformist (Protestantism)">Nonconformists</a> and <a href="/wiki/Independent_(religion)" title="Independent (religion)">Independents</a> from <a href="/wiki/17th-century_denominations_in_England" title="17th-century denominations in England">17th century England</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldfieldAbbottAndersonArgersinger199829–30-240">[236]</a> A majority of people in Massachusetts today remain <a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christians</a>.<a href="#cite_note-qcensus-202">[199]</a> The descendants of the Puritans belong to many different churches; in the direct line of inheritance are the various <a href="/wiki/Congregational_church" class="mw-redirect" title="Congregational church">Congregational churches</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_Church_of_Christ" title="United Church of Christ">United Church of Christ</a> and congregations of the <a href="/wiki/Unitarian_Universalist_Association" title="Unitarian Universalist Association">Unitarian Universalist Association</a>. The headquarters of the <a href="/wiki/Unitarian_Universalist_Association" title="Unitarian Universalist Association">Unitarian Universalist Association</a>, long located on <a href="/wiki/Beacon_Hill,_Boston" title="Beacon Hill, Boston">Beacon Hill</a>, is now located in <a href="/wiki/South_Boston" title="South Boston">South Boston</a>.<a href="#cite_note-241">[237]</a><a href="#cite_note-242">[238]</a> Many Puritan descendants also dispersed to other Protestant denominations. Some disaffiliated along with Roman Catholics and other Christian groups in the wake of modern <a href="/wiki/Secularization" title="Secularization">secularization</a>.<a href="#cite_note-243">[239]</a> As of the 2014 Pew study, Christians made up 57% of the state's population, with <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestants</a> making up 21% of them. <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Roman Catholics</a> made up 34% and now predominate because of massive immigration from primarily Catholic countries and regions—chiefly Ireland, Italy, Poland, Portugal, Quebec, and Latin America. Both Protestant and Roman Catholic communities have been in decline since the late 20th century, due to the rise of <a href="/wiki/Irreligion" title="Irreligion">irreligion</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a>. It is the most irreligious region of the country, along with the <a href="/wiki/Western_United_States" title="Western United States">Western United States</a>; for comparison and contrast however, in 2020, the Public Religion Research Institute determined 67% of the population were Christian reflecting a slight increase of religiosity.<a href="#cite_note-:1-244">[240]</a> A significant Jewish population immigrated to the Boston and Springfield areas between 1880 and 1920. <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jews</a> make up 3% of the population. <a href="/wiki/Mary_Baker_Eddy" title="Mary Baker Eddy">Mary Baker Eddy</a> made the <a href="/wiki/Christian_Science_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian Science Center">Boston Mother Church</a> of <a href="/wiki/Christian_Science" title="Christian Science">Christian Science</a> serve as the world headquarters of this <a href="/wiki/New_religious_movement" title="New religious movement">new religious movement</a>. <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhists</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paganism" title="Paganism">Pagans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hindu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu">Hindus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Seventh-day_Adventist_Church" title="Seventh-day Adventist Church">Seventh-day Adventists</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslims</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mormons" title="Mormons">Mormons</a> may also be found. <a href="/wiki/The_Satanic_Temple" title="The Satanic Temple">The Satanic Temple</a> has its headquarters in Salem. <a href="/wiki/Kripalu_Center" title="Kripalu Center">Kripalu Center</a> in <a href="/wiki/Stockbridge,_Massachusetts" title="Stockbridge, Massachusetts">Stockbridge</a>, the Shaolin Meditation Temple in Springfield, and the Insight Meditation Center in <a href="/wiki/Barre,_Massachusetts" title="Barre, Massachusetts">Barre</a> are examples of non-Abrahamic religious centers in Massachusetts. According to 2010 data from The <a href="/wiki/Association_of_Religion_Data_Archives" title="Association of Religion Data Archives">Association of Religion Data Archives</a>, (ARDA) the largest single denominations are the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> with 2,940,199 adherents; the <a href="/wiki/United_Church_of_Christ" title="United Church of Christ">United Church of Christ</a> with 86,639 adherents; and the <a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Church_(United_States)" title="Episcopal Church (United States)">Episcopal Church</a> with 81,999 adherents.<a href="#cite_note-245">[241]</a> In 2014, 32% of the population identified as having no religion;<a href="#cite_note-246">[242]</a> in a separate 2020 study, 23% of the population identified as irreligious, and 67% of the population identified as Christians (including 26% as white Protestants and 20% as white Catholics).<a href="#cite_note-:1-244">[240]</a> As of 2022, a plurality of Massachusettsans were <a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_the_United_States" title="Irreligion in the United States">irreligious</a>,<a href="#cite_note-:1-244">[240]</a> and the state is considered to be a part of the <a href="/wiki/Unchurched_Belt" title="Unchurched Belt">Unchurched Belt</a>.<a href="#cite_note-247">[243]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Native_American_tribes">Native American tribes</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Massachusetts&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Native American tribes">edit</a>]</div> What is today Massachusetts was originally inhabited by the Wampanoag, the Nipmuc, the Massachusett, the Pocumtuc, the Nauset, the Pennacook and a few other tribes.<a href="#cite_note-248">[244]</a><a href="#cite_note-249">[245]</a> Some of these tribes are still represented among the population of the state today. The largest Native American tribes in Massachusetts according to the 2010 census are listed in the table below:<a href="#cite_note-250">[246]</a> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption>Tribal groupings with over 600 members in Massachusetts in 2010 census </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Tribal grouping </th> <th>American Indian and Alaska Native alone </th> <th>AIAN in combination with one or more other races </th> <th>Total AIAN alone or in any combination </th></tr> <tr> <td>Total AIAN population </td> <td>18850 </td> <td>31855 </td> <td>50705 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cherokee" title="Cherokee">Cherokee</a> </td> <td>885 </td> <td>3654 </td> <td>4539 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Wampanoag" title="Wampanoag">Wampanoag</a> </td> <td>1674 </td> <td>1642 </td> <td>3316 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mi%27kmaq" title="Mi'kmaq">Micmac</a> </td> <td>623 </td> <td>1166 </td> <td>1789 </td></tr> <tr> <td>South American Indian </td> <td>817 </td> <td>930 </td> <td>1747 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Blackfoot_Confederacy" title="Blackfoot Confederacy">Blackfeet</a> </td> <td>298 </td> <td>1347 </td> <td>1645 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mexican American Indian </td> <td>1131 </td> <td>449 </td> <td>1580 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Iroquois" title="Iroquois">Iroquois</a> </td> <td>457 </td> <td>984 </td> <td>1441 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Central American Indian </td> <td>635 </td> <td>332 </td> <td>967 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nipmuc" title="Nipmuc">Nipmuc</a> </td> <td>305 </td> <td>550 </td> <td>855 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Abenaki" title="Abenaki">Abenaki</a> </td> <td>197 </td> <td>469 </td> <td>666 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sioux" title="Sioux">Sioux</a> </td> <td>186 </td> <td>463 </td> <td>649 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tribe not specified </td> <td>9421 </td> <td>16535 </td> <td>25956 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Massachusetts&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Education">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:184px;max-width:184px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:182px;max-width:182px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Widener_Library.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Widener_Library.jpg/180px-Widener_Library.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Widener_Library.jpg/270px-Widener_Library.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Widener_Library.jpg/360px-Widener_Library.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1002" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:182px;max-width:182px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:MIT_Dome_night1_Edit.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/MIT_Dome_night1_Edit.jpg/180px-MIT_Dome_night1_Edit.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/MIT_Dome_night1_Edit.jpg/270px-MIT_Dome_night1_Edit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/MIT_Dome_night1_Edit.jpg/360px-MIT_Dome_night1_Edit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2644" data-file-height="1610" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a> and <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</a> are both widely regarded as in the top handful of universities worldwide for <a href="/wiki/Research" title="Research">academic research</a> in various disciplines.<a href="#cite_note-AcademicRanking2-69">[66]</a> (Shown are the <a href="/wiki/Widener_Library" title="Widener Library">Widener Library</a> at Harvard and <a href="/wiki/MIT_Building_10" class="mw-redirect" title="MIT Building 10">MIT Building 10</a>.)</div></div></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_colleges_and_universities_in_Massachusetts" title="List of colleges and universities in Massachusetts">List of colleges and universities in Massachusetts</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_engineering_schools_in_Massachusetts" title="List of engineering schools in Massachusetts">List of engineering schools in Massachusetts</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_high_schools_in_Massachusetts" title="List of high schools in Massachusetts">List of high schools in Massachusetts</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_school_districts_in_Massachusetts" title="List of school districts in Massachusetts">List of school districts in Massachusetts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Department_of_Elementary_and_Secondary_Education" title="Massachusetts Department of Elementary and Secondary Education">Massachusetts Department of Elementary and Secondary Education</a>, <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Department_of_Higher_Education" title="Massachusetts Department of Higher Education">Massachusetts Department of Higher Education</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Massachusetts" title="University of Massachusetts">University of Massachusetts</a>, and <a href="/wiki/History_of_education_in_Massachusetts" title="History of education in Massachusetts">History of education in Massachusetts</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MA_Public_High_School_District_SAT_by_town.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/MA_Public_High_School_District_SAT_by_town.png/220px-MA_Public_High_School_District_SAT_by_town.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/MA_Public_High_School_District_SAT_by_town.png/330px-MA_Public_High_School_District_SAT_by_town.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/MA_Public_High_School_District_SAT_by_town.png/440px-MA_Public_High_School_District_SAT_by_town.png 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1492" /></a><figcaption>Towns in Massachusetts by combined mean SAT of their public high school district for the 2015–2016 academic year<a href="#cite_note-251">[247]</a></figcaption></figure> In 2018, Massachusetts's overall educational system was ranked the top among all fifty U.S. states by <a href="/wiki/U.S._News_%26_World_Report" title="U.S. News & World Report">U.S. News & World Report</a>.<a href="#cite_note-252">[248]</a> Massachusetts was the first state in North America to require municipalities to appoint a teacher or establish a grammar school with the passage of the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_School_Laws" title="Massachusetts School Laws">Massachusetts Education Law</a> of 1647,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDejnozkaGiffordKapelKapel1982313-253">[249]</a> and 19th century reforms pushed by <a href="/wiki/Horace_Mann" title="Horace Mann">Horace Mann</a> laid much of the groundwork for contemporary universal public education<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDejnozkaGiffordKapelKapel1982311-254">[250]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldfieldAbbottAndersonArgersinger1998251–52-255">[251]</a> which was established in 1852.<a href="#cite_note-compschools-131">[128]</a> Massachusetts is home to the oldest school in continuous existence in North America (<a href="/wiki/The_Roxbury_Latin_School" class="mw-redirect" title="The Roxbury Latin School">The Roxbury Latin School</a>, founded in 1645), as well as the country's oldest public elementary school (<a href="/wiki/The_Mather_School" title="The Mather School">The Mather School</a>, founded in 1639),<a href="#cite_note-256">[252]</a> its oldest high school (<a href="/wiki/Boston_Latin_School" title="Boston Latin School">Boston Latin School</a>, founded in 1635),<a href="#cite_note-257">[253]</a> its oldest continuously operating boarding school (<a href="/wiki/The_Governor%27s_Academy" title="The Governor's Academy">The Governor's Academy</a>, founded in 1763),<a href="#cite_note-258">[254]</a> its oldest college (<a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a>, founded in 1636),<a href="#cite_note-259">[255]</a> and its oldest women's college (<a href="/wiki/Mount_Holyoke_College" title="Mount Holyoke College">Mount Holyoke College</a>, founded in 1837).<a href="#cite_note-260">[256]</a> Massachusetts is also home to the highest ranked private high school in the United States, <a href="/wiki/Phillips_Academy" title="Phillips Academy">Phillips Academy</a> in <a href="/wiki/Andover,_Massachusetts" title="Andover, Massachusetts">Andover, Massachusetts</a>, which was founded in 1778.<a href="#cite_note-261">[257]</a> Massachusetts's per-student public expenditure for elementary and secondary schools was eighth in the nation in 2012, at $14,844.<a href="#cite_note-262">[258]</a> In 2013, Massachusetts scored highest of all the states in math and third-highest in reading on the <a href="/wiki/National_Assessment_of_Educational_Progress" title="National Assessment of Educational Progress">National Assessment of Educational Progress</a>.<a href="#cite_note-263">[259]</a> Massachusetts' public-school students place among the top tier in the world in academic performance.<a href="#cite_note-AcademicRanking3-70">[67]</a> Massachusetts is home to 121 institutions of higher education.<a href="#cite_note-264">[260]</a> <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</a>, both located in <a href="/wiki/Cambridge,_Massachusetts" title="Cambridge, Massachusetts">Cambridge</a>, consistently rank among the world's best private universities and universities in general.<a href="#cite_note-265">[261]</a> In addition to Harvard and MIT, several other Massachusetts universities rank in the top 50 at the undergraduate level nationally in the <a href="/wiki/College_and_university_rankings#United_States" title="College and university rankings">widely cited rankings</a> of <a href="/wiki/U.S._News_%26_World_Report" title="U.S. News & World Report">U.S. News & World Report</a>: <a href="/wiki/Tufts_University" title="Tufts University">Tufts University</a> (#27), <a href="/wiki/Boston_College" title="Boston College">Boston College</a> (#32), <a href="/wiki/Brandeis_University" title="Brandeis University">Brandeis University</a> (#34), <a href="/wiki/Boston_University" title="Boston University">Boston University</a> (#37) and <a href="/wiki/Northeastern_University" title="Northeastern University">Northeastern University</a> (#40). Massachusetts is also home to three of the top five U.S. News & World Report's best Liberal Arts Colleges: <a href="/wiki/Williams_College" title="Williams College">Williams College</a> (#1), <a href="/wiki/Amherst_College" title="Amherst College">Amherst College</a> (#2), and <a href="/wiki/Wellesley_College" title="Wellesley College">Wellesley College</a> (#4).<a href="#cite_note-266">[262]</a> It is also home to the oldest Catholic liberal arts college, <a href="/wiki/College_of_the_Holy_Cross" title="College of the Holy Cross">College of the Holy Cross</a> (#33).<a href="#cite_note-267">[263]</a> <a href="/wiki/Boston_Architectural_College" title="Boston Architectural College">Boston Architectural College</a> is New England's largest private college of <a href="/wiki/Spatial_design" title="Spatial design">spatial design</a>. The public <a href="/wiki/University_of_Massachusetts" title="University of Massachusetts">University of Massachusetts</a> (nicknamed UMass) features five campuses in the state, with its <a href="/wiki/University_of_Massachusetts_Amherst" title="University of Massachusetts Amherst">flagship campus</a> in <a href="/wiki/Amherst,_Massachusetts" title="Amherst, Massachusetts">Amherst</a>, which enrolls more than 25,000.<a href="#cite_note-268">[264]</a><a href="#cite_note-269">[265]</a> As of 2021, Massachusetts has the <a href="/wiki/Educational_attainment_in_the_United_States" title="Educational attainment in the United States">highest percentage of adults over the age of 25</a> with a bachelor's degree (46.62%) and a <a href="/wiki/Postgraduate_education" title="Postgraduate education">graduate</a> degree (21.27%) of any state in the country. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Massachusetts&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Economy">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Massachusetts_locations_by_per_capita_income" title="List of Massachusetts locations by per capita income">List of Massachusetts locations by per capita income</a> and <a href="/wiki/Category:Economy_of_Massachusetts" title="Category:Economy of Massachusetts">Category:Economy of Massachusetts</a></div> The United States <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Economic_Analysis" title="Bureau of Economic Analysis">Bureau of Economic Analysis</a> estimates that the Massachusetts <a href="/wiki/Gross_state_product" class="mw-redirect" title="Gross state product">gross state product</a> in 2020 was $584 billion.<a href="#cite_note-270">[266]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Per_capita_personal_income_in_the_United_States" title="Per capita personal income in the United States">per capita personal income</a> in 2012 was $53,221, making it the third-highest state in the nation.<a href="#cite_note-271">[267]</a> As of January 2023, Massachusetts state general <a href="/wiki/Minimum_wage" title="Minimum wage">minimum wage</a> is $15.00 per hour while the minimum wage for tipped workers is $6.75 an hour, with a guarantee that employers will pay the difference should a tipped employee's hourly wage not meet or exceed the general minimum wage.<a href="#cite_note-272">[268]</a> This wage was set to increase to a general minimum of $15.00 per hour and a tipped worker minimum of $6.75 per hour in January 2023, as part of a series of minimum wage amendments passed in 2018 that saw the minimum wage increase slowly every January up to 2023.<a href="#cite_note-273">[269]</a> In 2015, twelve <a href="/wiki/Fortune_500" title="Fortune 500">Fortune 500</a> companies were located in Massachusetts: <a href="/wiki/Liberty_Mutual" title="Liberty Mutual">Liberty Mutual</a>, <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Mutual_Life_Insurance_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company">Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company</a>, <a href="/wiki/TJX_Companies" title="TJX Companies">TJX Companies</a>, <a href="/wiki/General_Electric" title="General Electric">General Electric</a>, <a href="/wiki/Raytheon" title="Raytheon">Raytheon</a>, <a href="/wiki/American_Tower" title="American Tower">American Tower</a>, <a href="/wiki/Global_Partners" title="Global Partners">Global Partners</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thermo_Fisher_Scientific" title="Thermo Fisher Scientific">Thermo Fisher Scientific</a>, <a href="/wiki/State_Street_Corporation" title="State Street Corporation">State Street Corporation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Biogen" title="Biogen">Biogen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eversource_Energy" title="Eversource Energy">Eversource Energy</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Boston_Scientific" title="Boston Scientific">Boston Scientific</a>.<a href="#cite_note-274">[270]</a> CNBC's list of "Top States for Business for 2023" has recognized Massachusetts as the 15th-best state in the nation for business,<a href="#cite_note-275">[271]</a> and for the second year in a row in 2016 the state was ranked by Bloomberg as the most innovative state in America.<a href="#cite_note-276">[272]</a> According to a 2013 study by Phoenix Marketing International, Massachusetts had the sixth-largest number of millionaires per capita in the United States, with a ratio of 6.73 percent.<a href="#cite_note-277">[273]</a> Billionaires living in the state include past and present leaders (and related family) of local companies such as <a href="/wiki/Fidelity_Investments" title="Fidelity Investments">Fidelity Investments</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Balance" title="New Balance">New Balance</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kraft_Group" title="Kraft Group">Kraft Group</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boston_Scientific" title="Boston Scientific">Boston Scientific</a>, and the former <a href="/wiki/Continental_Cablevision" class="mw-redirect" title="Continental Cablevision">Continental Cablevision</a>.<a href="#cite_note-278">[274]</a> Massachusetts has three <a href="/wiki/Foreign-trade_zones_of_the_United_States" title="Foreign-trade zones of the United States">foreign-trade zones</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Port_Authority" title="Massachusetts Port Authority">Massachusetts Port Authority</a> of Boston, the Port of New Bedford, and the City of Holyoke.<a href="#cite_note-279">[275]</a> <a href="/wiki/Logan_International_Airport" title="Logan International Airport">Boston-Logan International Airport</a> is the busiest airport in New England, serving 33.4 million total passengers in 2015, and witnessing rapid growth in international air traffic since 2010.<a href="#cite_note-LoganTraffic-280">[276]</a> Sectors vital to the Massachusetts economy include higher education, <a href="/wiki/Biotechnology" title="Biotechnology">biotechnology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Information_technology" title="Information technology">information technology</a>, finance, health care, tourism, manufacturing, and defense. The <a href="/wiki/Route_128_(Massachusetts)" class="mw-redirect" title="Route 128 (Massachusetts)">Route 128 corridor</a> and Greater Boston continue to be a major center for <a href="/wiki/Venture_capital" title="Venture capital">venture capital investment</a>,<a href="#cite_note-281">[277]</a> and <a href="/wiki/High_technology" class="mw-redirect" title="High technology">high technology</a> remains an important sector. In recent years tourism has played an ever-important role in the state's economy, with Boston and <a href="/wiki/Cape_Cod" title="Cape Cod">Cape Cod</a> being the leading destinations.<a href="#cite_note-282">[278]</a> Other popular tourist destinations include <a href="/wiki/Salem,_Massachusetts" title="Salem, Massachusetts">Salem</a>, <a href="/wiki/Plymouth,_Massachusetts" title="Plymouth, Massachusetts">Plymouth</a>, and <a href="/wiki/The_Berkshires" class="mw-redirect" title="The Berkshires">the Berkshires</a>. Massachusetts is the sixth-most popular tourist destination for foreign travelers.<a href="#cite_note-283">[279]</a> In 2010, the Great Places in Massachusetts Commission published '1,000 Great Places in Massachusetts' that identified 1,000 sites across the commonwealth to highlight the diverse historic, cultural, and natural attractions.<a href="#cite_note-284">[280]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sunset_on_Cape_Cod_Bay.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Sunset_on_Cape_Cod_Bay.jpg/220px-Sunset_on_Cape_Cod_Bay.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Sunset_on_Cape_Cod_Bay.jpg/330px-Sunset_on_Cape_Cod_Bay.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Sunset_on_Cape_Cod_Bay.jpg/440px-Sunset_on_Cape_Cod_Bay.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4646" data-file-height="3023" /></a><figcaption>Sunset at <a href="/wiki/Brewster,_Massachusetts" title="Brewster, Massachusetts">Brewster</a>, on <a href="/wiki/Cape_Cod_Bay" title="Cape Cod Bay">Cape Cod Bay</a>.</figcaption></figure> While manufacturing comprised less than 10% of Massachusetts's gross state product in 2016, the Commonwealth ranked 16th in the nation in total manufacturing output in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-285">[281]</a> This includes a diverse array of manufactured goods such as medical devices, paper goods, specialty chemicals and plastics, telecommunications and electronics equipment, and machined components.<a href="#cite_note-286">[282]</a><a href="#cite_note-287">[283]</a> The more than 33,000 nonprofits in Massachusetts employ one-sixth of the state's workforce.<a href="#cite_note-288">[284]</a> In 2007, Governor Deval Patrick signed into law a state holiday, Nonprofit Awareness Day.<a href="#cite_note-289">[285]</a> In February 2017, <a href="/wiki/U.S._News_%26_World_Report" title="U.S. News & World Report">U.S. News & World Report</a> ranked Massachusetts the best state in the United States based upon 60 <a href="/wiki/Performance_metric" class="mw-redirect" title="Performance metric">metrics</a> including healthcare, education, crime, infrastructure, opportunity, economy, and government. Massachusetts ranked number one in education, number two in healthcare, and number five in the handling of the economy.<a href="#cite_note-best_states-290">[286]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Agriculture">Agriculture</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Massachusetts&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Agriculture">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Massachusetts" title="Agriculture in Massachusetts">Agriculture in Massachusetts</a></div> As of 2012, there were 7,755 farms in Massachusetts encompassing a total of 523,517 acres (2,120 km2), averaging 67.5 acres (27.3 hectares) apiece.<a href="#cite_note-291">[287]</a> <a href="/wiki/Greenhouse" title="Greenhouse">Greenhouse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Floriculture" title="Floriculture">floriculture</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sod" title="Sod">sod</a> products – including <a href="/wiki/Ornamental_plant" title="Ornamental plant">the ornamental market</a> – make up more than one third of the state's agricultural output.<a href="#cite_note-census-2017-292">[288]</a><a href="#cite_note-Facts-Stats-293">[289]</a> Particular agricultural products of note also include <a href="/wiki/Cranberry" title="Cranberry">cranberries</a>, sweet corn and apples are also large sectors of production.<a href="#cite_note-Facts-Stats-293">[289]</a> Fruit cultivation is an important part of the state's agricultural revenues,<a href="#cite_note-fruit-UMassExt-294">[290]</a> and Massachusetts is the second-largest cranberry-producing state after <a href="/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-295">[291]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Taxation">Taxation</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Massachusetts&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Taxation">edit</a>]</div> Depending on how it is calculated, state and local tax burden in Massachusetts has been estimated among U.S. states and Washington D.C. as 21st-highest (11.44% or $6,163 per year for a household with nationwide median income)<a href="#cite_note-296">[292]</a> or 25th-highest overall with below-average corporate taxes (39th-highest), above-average personal income taxes, (13th-highest), above-average sales tax (18th-highest), and below-average property taxes (46th-highest).<a href="#cite_note-297">[293]</a> In the 1970s, the Commonwealth ranked as a relatively high-tax state, gaining the pejorative nickname "Taxachusetts". This was followed by a round of tax limitations during the 1980s—a conservative period in American politics—including <a href="/wiki/Proposition_2%C2%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="Proposition 2½">Proposition 2½</a>.<a href="#cite_note-298">[294]</a> As of January 1, 2020, Massachusetts has a flat-rate personal income tax of 5.00%,<a href="#cite_note-299">[295]</a> after a 2002 voter referendum to eventually lower the rate to 5.0%<a href="#cite_note-300">[296]</a> as amended by the legislature.<a href="#cite_note-301">[297]</a> There is a <a href="/wiki/Tax_exemption" title="Tax exemption">tax exemption</a> for income below a threshold that varies from year to year. The corporate income tax rate is 8.8%,<a href="#cite_note-MassTaxes1-302">[298]</a> and the short-term <a href="/wiki/Capital_gains_tax" title="Capital gains tax">capital gains tax</a> rate is 12%.<a href="#cite_note-MassTax2-303">[299]</a> An unusual provision allows filers to voluntarily pay at the pre-referendum 5.85% income tax rate, which is done by between one and two thousand taxpayers per year.<a href="#cite_note-304">[300]</a> The state imposes a 6.25% <a href="/wiki/Sales_tax" title="Sales tax">sales tax</a><a href="#cite_note-MassTaxes1-302">[298]</a> on retail sales of tangible personal property—except for groceries, clothing (up to $175.00), and periodicals.<a href="#cite_note-SalesTax1-305">[301]</a> The sales tax is charged on clothing that costs more than $175.00, for the amount exceeding $175.00.<a href="#cite_note-SalesTax1-305">[301]</a> Massachusetts also charges a <a href="/wiki/Use_tax" title="Use tax">use tax</a> when goods are bought from other states and the vendor does not remit Massachusetts sales tax; taxpayers report and pay this on their income tax forms or dedicated forms, though there are "safe harbor" amounts that can be paid without tallying up actual purchases (except for purchases over $1,000).<a href="#cite_note-SalesTax1-305">[301]</a> There is no <a href="/wiki/Inheritance_tax" title="Inheritance tax">inheritance tax</a> and limited Massachusetts <a href="/wiki/Estate_tax" class="mw-redirect" title="Estate tax">estate tax</a> related to federal estate tax collection.<a href="#cite_note-MassTax2-303">[299]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Energy">Energy</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Massachusetts&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Energy">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Massachusetts" title="Solar power in Massachusetts">Solar power in Massachusetts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Massachusetts" title="Wind power in Massachusetts">Wind power in Massachusetts</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Category:Energy_in_Massachusetts" title="Category:Energy in Massachusetts">Category:Energy in Massachusetts</a></div> Massachusetts's <a href="/wiki/Electricity_generation" title="Electricity generation">electricity generation</a> market was made competitive in 1998, enabling retail customers to change suppliers without changing utility companies.<a href="#cite_note-306">[302]</a> In 2018, Massachusetts consumed 1,459 trillion <a href="/wiki/British_Thermal_Units" class="mw-redirect" title="British Thermal Units">BTU</a>,<a href="#cite_note-EIAmass-307">[303]</a> making it the seventh-lowest state in terms of consumption of energy per capita, and 31 percent of that energy came from <a href="/wiki/Natural_gas" title="Natural gas">natural gas</a>.<a href="#cite_note-EIAmass-307">[303]</a> In 2014 and 2015, Massachusetts was ranked as the most energy efficient state the United States<a href="#cite_note-308">[304]</a><a href="#cite_note-309">[305]</a> while Boston is the most efficient city,<a href="#cite_note-310">[306]</a> but it had the fourth-highest average residential retail electricity prices of any state.<a href="#cite_note-EIAmass-307">[303]</a> In 2018, renewable energy was about 7.2 percent of total energy consumed in the state, ranking 34th.<a href="#cite_note-EIAmass-307">[303]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transportation">Transportation</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Massachusetts&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Transportation">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main pages: <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Department_of_Transportation" title="Massachusetts Department of Transportation">Massachusetts Department of Transportation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Bay_Transportation_Authority" title="Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority">Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Category:Transportation_in_Massachusetts" title="Category:Transportation in Massachusetts">Category:Transportation in Massachusetts</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Plug-in_electric_vehicles_in_Massachusetts" title="Plug-in electric vehicles in Massachusetts">Plug-in electric vehicles in Massachusetts</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MBTA_services_sampling_excluding_trolleybus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/MBTA_services_sampling_excluding_trolleybus.jpg/250px-MBTA_services_sampling_excluding_trolleybus.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/MBTA_services_sampling_excluding_trolleybus.jpg/375px-MBTA_services_sampling_excluding_trolleybus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/MBTA_services_sampling_excluding_trolleybus.jpg/500px-MBTA_services_sampling_excluding_trolleybus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3068" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Bay_Transportation_Authority" title="Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority">Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority</a>, serving <a href="/wiki/Greater_Boston" title="Greater Boston">Greater Boston</a></figcaption></figure> Massachusetts has 10 regional <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_planning_organization" title="Metropolitan planning organization">metropolitan planning organizations</a> and three non-metropolitan planning organizations covering the remainder of the state;<a href="#cite_note-311">[307]</a> statewide planning is handled by the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Department_of_Transportation" title="Massachusetts Department of Transportation">Massachusetts Department of Transportation</a>. Transportation is the single largest source of greenhouse gas emissions by economic sector in Massachusetts.<a href="#cite_note-312">[308]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Regional_public_transportation">Regional public transportation</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Massachusetts&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Regional public transportation">edit</a>]</div> The <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Bay_Transportation_Authority" title="Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority">Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority</a> (MBTA), also known as "The T",<a href="#cite_note-313">[309]</a> operates public transportation in the form of subway,<a href="#cite_note-314">[310]</a> bus,<a href="#cite_note-315">[311]</a> and ferry<a href="#cite_note-316">[312]</a> systems in the <a href="/wiki/Greater_Boston" title="Greater Boston">Metro Boston</a> area. Fifteen other regional transit authorities provide public transportation in the form of bus services in the rest of the state.<a href="#cite_note-317">[313]</a> Four <a href="/wiki/Heritage_railway" title="Heritage railway">heritage railways</a> are also in operation: <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Cape_Cod_Central_Railroad" title="Cape Cod Central Railroad">Cape Cod Central Railroad</a>, operating from Hyannis to Buzzards Bay<a href="#cite_note-318">[314]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Berkshire_Scenic_Railway_Museum" title="Berkshire Scenic Railway Museum">Berkshire Scenic Railway</a>, operating from Lee to Great Barrington<a href="#cite_note-319">[315]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edaville_Railroad" title="Edaville Railroad">Edaville Railroad</a> in Carver<a href="#cite_note-320">[316]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/National_Streetcar_Museum" title="National Streetcar Museum">Lowell National Historical Park Trolley Line</a> in Lowell<a href="#cite_note-321">[317]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Long-distance_rail_and_bus">Long-distance rail and bus</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Massachusetts&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Long-distance rail and bus">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Amtrak" title="Amtrak">Amtrak</a> operates several <a href="/wiki/Inter-city_rail" title="Inter-city rail">inter-city rail</a> lines in Massachusetts. Boston's <a href="/wiki/South_Station" title="South Station">South Station</a> serves as the terminus for three lines, namely the high-speed <a href="/wiki/Acela_Express" class="mw-redirect" title="Acela Express">Acela Express</a>, which links to cities such as <a href="/wiki/Providence,_Rhode_Island" title="Providence, Rhode Island">Providence</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Haven,_Connecticut" title="New Haven, Connecticut">New Haven</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, and eventually Washington DC; the <a href="/wiki/Northeast_Regional" title="Northeast Regional">Northeast Regional</a>, which follows the same route but includes many more stops, and also continues further south to <a href="/wiki/Newport_News,_Virginia" title="Newport News, Virginia">Newport News</a> in Virginia; and the <a href="/wiki/Lake_Shore_Limited" title="Lake Shore Limited">Lake Shore Limited</a>, which runs westward to <a href="/wiki/Worcester,_Massachusetts" title="Worcester, Massachusetts">Worcester</a>, <a href="/wiki/Springfield,_Massachusetts" title="Springfield, Massachusetts">Springfield</a>, and eventually <a href="/wiki/Chicago,_Illinois" class="mw-redirect" title="Chicago, Illinois">Chicago</a>.<a href="#cite_note-amtrak-322">[318]</a><a href="#cite_note-323">[319]</a> Boston's other major station, <a href="/wiki/North_Station" title="North Station">North Station</a>, serves as the southern terminus for Amtrak's <a href="/wiki/Downeaster_(train)" title="Downeaster (train)">Downeaster</a>, which connects to <a href="/wiki/Portland,_Maine" title="Portland, Maine">Portland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brunswick,_Maine" title="Brunswick, Maine">Brunswick</a> in Maine.<a href="#cite_note-amtrak-322">[318]</a> Outside of Boston, Amtrak connects several cities across Massachusetts, along the aforementioned Acela, Northeast Regional, Lake Shore Limited, and Downeaster lines, as well as other routes in central and western Massachusetts. The <a href="/wiki/Amtrak_Hartford_Line" title="Amtrak Hartford Line">Amtrak Hartford Line</a> connects <a href="/wiki/Springfield,_Massachusetts" title="Springfield, Massachusetts">Springfield</a> to <a href="/wiki/New_Haven,_Connecticut" title="New Haven, Connecticut">New Haven</a>, operated in conjunction with the <a href="/wiki/Connecticut_Department_of_Transportation" title="Connecticut Department of Transportation">Connecticut Department of Transportation</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Valley_Flyer_(Amtrak_train)" title="Valley Flyer (Amtrak train)">Valley Flyer</a> runs a similar route but continues further north to <a href="/wiki/Greenfield,_Massachusetts" title="Greenfield, Massachusetts">Greenfield</a>. Several stations in western Massachusetts are also served by the <a href="/wiki/Vermonter_(train)" title="Vermonter (train)">Vermonter</a>, which connects <a href="/wiki/St._Albans_station_(Vermont)" title="St. Albans station (Vermont)">St. Albans, Vermont</a> to Washington DC.<a href="#cite_note-amtrak-322">[318]</a> Amtrak carries more passengers between Boston and New York than all airlines combined (about 54% of market share in 2012),<a href="#cite_note-324">[320]</a> but service between other cities is less frequent. There, more frequent intercity service is provided by private bus carriers, including <a href="/wiki/Peter_Pan_Bus_Lines" title="Peter Pan Bus Lines">Peter Pan Bus Lines</a> (headquartered in Springfield), <a href="/wiki/Greyhound_Lines" title="Greyhound Lines">Greyhound Lines</a>, <a href="/wiki/OurBus" title="OurBus">OurBus</a>, <a href="/wiki/BoltBus" title="BoltBus">BoltBus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Plymouth_and_Brockton_Street_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Plymouth and Brockton Street Railway">Plymouth and Brockton Street Railway</a>. Various <a href="/wiki/Chinatown_bus_lines" title="Chinatown bus lines">Chinatown bus lines</a> depart for New York from South Station in Boston.<a href="#cite_note-325">[321]</a> <a href="/wiki/MBTA_Commuter_Rail" title="MBTA Commuter Rail">MBTA Commuter Rail</a> services run throughout the larger Greater Boston area, including service to <a href="/wiki/Worcester,_Massachusetts" title="Worcester, Massachusetts">Worcester</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fitchburg,_Massachusetts" title="Fitchburg, Massachusetts">Fitchburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haverhill,_Massachusetts" title="Haverhill, Massachusetts">Haverhill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Newburyport,_Massachusetts" title="Newburyport, Massachusetts">Newburyport</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lowell,_Massachusetts" title="Lowell, Massachusetts">Lowell</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kingston,_Massachusetts" title="Kingston, Massachusetts">Kingston</a>.<a href="#cite_note-326">[322]</a> This overlaps with the service areas of neighboring regional transportation authorities. As of the summer of 2013 the <a href="/wiki/Cape_Cod_Regional_Transit_Authority" title="Cape Cod Regional Transit Authority">Cape Cod Regional Transit Authority</a> in collaboration with the MBTA and the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Department_of_Transportation" title="Massachusetts Department of Transportation">Massachusetts Department of Transportation</a> (MassDOT) is operating the <a href="/wiki/CapeFLYER" class="mw-redirect" title="CapeFLYER">CapeFLYER</a> providing passenger rail service between Boston and Cape Cod.<a href="#cite_note-327">[323]</a><a href="#cite_note-328">[324]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ferry">Ferry</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Massachusetts&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Ferry">edit</a>]</div> Most ports north of Cape Cod are served by Boston Harbor Cruises, which operates <a href="/wiki/MBTA_Boat" class="mw-redirect" title="MBTA Boat">ferry services</a> in and around <a href="/wiki/Greater_Boston" title="Greater Boston">Greater Boston</a> under contract with the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Bay_Transportation_Authority" title="Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority">Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority</a>. Several routes connect the downtown area with <a href="/wiki/Hingham,_Massachusetts" title="Hingham, Massachusetts">Hingham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hull,_Massachusetts" title="Hull, Massachusetts">Hull</a>, <a href="/wiki/Winthrop,_Massachusetts" title="Winthrop, Massachusetts">Winthrop</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salem,_Massachusetts" title="Salem, Massachusetts">Salem</a>, <a href="/wiki/Logan_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Logan Airport">Logan Airport</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charlestown,_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="Charlestown, Massachusetts">Charlestown</a>, and some of the islands located within the harbor. The same company also operates seasonal service between <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a> and <a href="/wiki/Provincetown" class="mw-redirect" title="Provincetown">Provincetown</a>.<a href="#cite_note-329">[325]</a> On the southern shore of the state, several different passenger ferry lines connect <a href="/wiki/Martha%27s_Vineyard" title="Martha's Vineyard">Martha's Vineyard</a> to ports along the mainland, including <a href="/wiki/Woods_Hole,_Massachusetts" title="Woods Hole, Massachusetts">Woods Hole</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hyannis,_Massachusetts" title="Hyannis, Massachusetts">Hyannis</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Bedford,_Massachusetts" title="New Bedford, Massachusetts">New Bedford</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Falmouth,_Massachusetts" title="Falmouth, Massachusetts">Falmouth</a>, all in Massachusetts, as well as <a href="/wiki/North_Kingstown,_Rhode_Island" title="North Kingstown, Rhode Island">North Kingstown</a> in Rhode Island, <a href="/wiki/Highlands,_New_Jersey" title="Highlands, New Jersey">Highlands</a> in New Jersey, and <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> in New York.<a href="#cite_note-330">[326]</a> Similarly, several different lines connect <a href="/wiki/Nantucket" title="Nantucket">Nantucket</a> to ports including Hyannis, New Bedford, <a href="/wiki/Harwich,_Massachusetts" title="Harwich, Massachusetts">Harwich</a>, and New York City.<a href="#cite_note-331">[327]</a> Service between the two islands is also offered. The dominant companies serving these routes include <a href="/wiki/SeaStreak" class="mw-redirect" title="SeaStreak">SeaStreak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hy-Line_Cruises" title="Hy-Line Cruises">Hy-Line Cruises</a>, and <a href="/wiki/The_Steamship_Authority" class="mw-redirect" title="The Steamship Authority">The Steamship Authority</a>, the latter of which regulates all passenger services in the region and is also the only company permitted to offer freight ferry services to the islands.<a href="#cite_note-332">[328]</a> Other ferry connections in the state include a water taxi connecting various points in <a href="/wiki/Fall_River,_Massachusetts" title="Fall River, Massachusetts">Fall River</a>,<a href="#cite_note-333">[329]</a> seasonal ferry service connecting <a href="/wiki/Plymouth,_Massachusetts" title="Plymouth, Massachusetts">Plymouth</a> to Provincetown,<a href="#cite_note-334">[330]</a> and a service between New Bedford and <a href="/wiki/Cuttyhunk" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuttyhunk">Cuttyhunk</a>.<a href="#cite_note-335">[331]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rail_freight">Rail freight</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Massachusetts&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Rail freight">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Massachusetts_railroads" title="List of Massachusetts railroads">List of Massachusetts railroads</a></div> As of 2018, a number of <a href="/wiki/Rail_freight_transport" title="Rail freight transport">freight railroads</a> were operating in Massachusetts, with Class I railroad <a href="/wiki/CSX_Transportation" title="CSX Transportation">CSX</a> being the largest carrier, and another Class 1, <a href="/wiki/Norfolk_Southern" class="mw-redirect" title="Norfolk Southern">Norfolk Southern</a> serving the state via its <a href="/wiki/Pan_Am_Southern" title="Pan Am Southern">Pan Am Southern</a> joint partnership. Several regional and short line railroads also provide service and connect with other railroads.<a href="#cite_note-336">[332]</a> Massachusetts has a total of 1,110 miles (1,790 km) of freight trackage in operation.<a href="#cite_note-337">[333]</a><a href="#cite_note-338">[334]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Air_service">Air service</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Massachusetts&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Air service">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_airports_in_Massachusetts" title="List of airports in Massachusetts">List of airports in Massachusetts</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Logan_Airport_aerial_view.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Logan_Airport_aerial_view.jpg/220px-Logan_Airport_aerial_view.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Logan_Airport_aerial_view.jpg/330px-Logan_Airport_aerial_view.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Logan_Airport_aerial_view.jpg/440px-Logan_Airport_aerial_view.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Logan_International_Airport" title="Logan International Airport">Logan International Airport</a> in Boston is the largest airport in New England in terms of passenger volume</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Logan_International_Airport" title="Logan International Airport">Boston Logan International Airport</a> served 33.5 million passengers in 2015 (up from 31.6 million in 2014)<a href="#cite_note-LoganTraffic-280">[276]</a> through 103 <a href="/wiki/Gate_(airport)" title="Gate (airport)">gates</a>.<a href="#cite_note-339">[335]</a><a href="#cite_note-massport-340">[336]</a> Logan, <a href="/wiki/Hanscom_Field" title="Hanscom Field">Hanscom Field</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bedford,_Massachusetts" title="Bedford, Massachusetts">Bedford</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Worcester_Regional_Airport" title="Worcester Regional Airport">Worcester Regional Airport</a> are operated by <a href="/wiki/Massport" class="mw-redirect" title="Massport">Massport</a>, an independent state transportation agency.<a href="#cite_note-massport-340">[336]</a> Massachusetts has 39 public-use airfields<a href="#cite_note-341">[337]</a> and more than 200 private landing spots.<a href="#cite_note-342">[338]</a> Some airports receive funding from the Aeronautics Division of the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Department_of_Transportation" title="Massachusetts Department of Transportation">Massachusetts Department of Transportation</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Aviation_Administration" title="Federal Aviation Administration">Federal Aviation Administration</a>; the FAA is also the primary regulator of Massachusetts air travel.<a href="#cite_note-343">[339]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Roads">Roads</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Massachusetts&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Roads">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:National-atlas-massachusetts.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/National-atlas-massachusetts.png/230px-National-atlas-massachusetts.png" decoding="async" width="230" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/National-atlas-massachusetts.png/345px-National-atlas-massachusetts.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/National-atlas-massachusetts.png/460px-National-atlas-massachusetts.png 2x" data-file-width="765" data-file-height="590" /></a><figcaption>Prominent roads and cities in Massachusetts</figcaption></figure> There are a total of 36,800 miles (59,200 km) of <a href="/wiki/Interstate_highway" class="mw-redirect" title="Interstate highway">interstates</a> and other highways in Massachusetts.<a href="#cite_note-344">[340]</a> <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Turnpike" title="Massachusetts Turnpike">Interstate 90</a> (I-90, also known as the Massachusetts Turnpike), is the longest interstate in Massachusetts. The route travels 136 mi (219 km) generally west to east, entering Massachusetts at the New York state line in the town of <a href="/wiki/West_Stockbridge,_Massachusetts" title="West Stockbridge, Massachusetts">West Stockbridge</a>, and passes just north of <a href="/wiki/Springfield,_Massachusetts" title="Springfield, Massachusetts">Springfield</a>, just south of <a href="/wiki/Worcester,_Massachusetts" title="Worcester, Massachusetts">Worcester</a> and through <a href="/wiki/Framingham,_Massachusetts" title="Framingham, Massachusetts">Framingham</a> before terminating near Logan International Airport in Boston.<a href="#cite_note-345">[341]</a> Other major interstates include <a href="/wiki/Interstate_91_in_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="Interstate 91 in Massachusetts">I-91</a>, which travels generally north and south along the <a href="/wiki/Connecticut_River" title="Connecticut River">Connecticut River</a>; <a href="/wiki/Interstate_93_in_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="Interstate 93 in Massachusetts">I-93</a>, which travels north and south through central Boston, then passes through <a href="/wiki/Methuen,_Massachusetts" title="Methuen, Massachusetts">Methuen</a> before entering New Hampshire; and <a href="/wiki/Interstate_95_in_Massachusetts" title="Interstate 95 in Massachusetts">I-95</a>, which connects <a href="/wiki/Providence,_Rhode_Island" title="Providence, Rhode Island">Providence, Rhode Island</a> with Greater Boston, forming a partial <a href="/wiki/Beltway" class="mw-redirect" title="Beltway">loop</a> <a href="/wiki/Concurrency_(road)" title="Concurrency (road)">concurrent</a> with <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Route_128" title="Massachusetts Route 128">Route 128</a> around the more urbanized areas before continuing north along the coast into New Hampshire.<a href="#cite_note-346">[342]</a> <a href="/wiki/Interstate_495_(Massachusetts)" title="Interstate 495 (Massachusetts)">I-495</a> forms a wide loop around the outer edge of Greater Boston. Other major interstates in Massachusetts include <a href="/wiki/Interstate_291_(Massachusetts)" title="Interstate 291 (Massachusetts)">I-291</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interstate_391_(Massachusetts)" class="mw-redirect" title="Interstate 391 (Massachusetts)">I-391</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interstate_84_in_Massachusetts" title="Interstate 84 in Massachusetts">I-84</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interstate_195_in_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="Interstate 195 in Massachusetts">I-195</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interstate_395_in_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="Interstate 395 in Massachusetts">I-395</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interstate_290_(Massachusetts)" title="Interstate 290 (Massachusetts)">I-290</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Interstate_190_(Massachusetts)" title="Interstate 190 (Massachusetts)">I-190</a>. Major non-interstate highways in Massachusetts include <a href="/wiki/United_States_Numbered_Highways" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Numbered Highways">U.S. Routes</a> <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_1_in_Massachusetts" title="U.S. Route 1 in Massachusetts">1</a>, <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_3_in_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Route 3 in Massachusetts">3</a>, <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_6_in_Massachusetts" title="U.S. Route 6 in Massachusetts">6</a>, and <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_20_in_Massachusetts" title="U.S. Route 20 in Massachusetts">20</a>, and state routes <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Route_2" title="Massachusetts Route 2">2</a>, <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Route_3" title="Massachusetts Route 3">3</a>, 9, <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Route_24" title="Massachusetts Route 24">24</a>, and 128. A great majority of interstates in Massachusetts were constructed during the mid-20th century, and at times were controversial, particularly the intent <a href="/wiki/Southwest_Corridor_(Massachusetts)" title="Southwest Corridor (Massachusetts)">to route I-95 northeastwards from Providence, Rhode Island, directly through central Boston</a>, first proposed in 1948. Opposition to continued construction grew, and in 1970 Governor <a href="/wiki/Francis_W._Sargent" class="mw-redirect" title="Francis W. Sargent">Francis W. Sargent</a> issued a general prohibition on most further freeway construction within the I-95/Route 128 loop in the Boston area.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrownTager2000283–284-347">[343]</a> A massive undertaking to bring I-93 underground in downtown Boston, called the <a href="/wiki/Big_Dig" title="Big Dig">Big Dig</a>, brought the city's highway system under public scrutiny for its high cost and construction quality.<a href="#cite_note-BigDig1-143">[140]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government_and_politics">Government and politics</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Massachusetts&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Government and politics">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Boston_-Massachusetts_State_House_(48718911666).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Boston_-Massachusetts_State_House_%2848718911666%29.jpg/220px-Boston_-Massachusetts_State_House_%2848718911666%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Boston_-Massachusetts_State_House_%2848718911666%29.jpg/330px-Boston_-Massachusetts_State_House_%2848718911666%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Boston_-Massachusetts_State_House_%2848718911666%29.jpg/440px-Boston_-Massachusetts_State_House_%2848718911666%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4078" data-file-height="2549" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_State_House" title="Massachusetts State House">Massachusetts State House</a>, topped by its golden dome, faces <a href="/wiki/Boston_Common" title="Boston Common">Boston Common</a> on <a href="/wiki/Beacon_Hill,_Boston" title="Beacon Hill, Boston">Beacon Hill</a>.</figcaption></figure> Massachusetts has a long political history; earlier political structures included the <a href="/wiki/Mayflower_Compact" title="Mayflower Compact">Mayflower Compact</a> of 1620, the separate <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Bay_Colony" title="Massachusetts Bay Colony">Massachusetts Bay</a> and <a href="/wiki/Plymouth_Colony" title="Plymouth Colony">Plymouth</a> colonies, and the combined colonial <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="Province of Massachusetts">Province of Massachusetts</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="Massachusetts Constitution">Massachusetts Constitution</a> was ratified in 1780 while the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">Revolutionary War</a> was in progress, four years after the <a href="/wiki/Articles_of_Confederation" title="Articles of Confederation">Articles of Confederation</a> was drafted, and eight years before the present <a href="/wiki/United_States_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Constitution">United States Constitution</a> was ratified on June 21, 1788. Drafted by <a href="/wiki/John_Adams" title="John Adams">John Adams</a>, the Massachusetts Constitution is the oldest functioning written constitution in continuous effect in the world.<a href="#cite_note-348">[344]</a><a href="#cite_note-349">[345]</a><a href="#cite_note-350">[346]</a> It has been amended 121 times, most recently in 2022.<a href="#cite_note-351">[347]</a> Massachusetts politics since the second half of the 20th century have generally been dominated by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Democratic_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Democratic Party">Democratic Party</a>, and the state has a reputation for being the most <a href="/wiki/Modern_liberalism_in_the_United_States" title="Modern liberalism in the United States">liberal</a> state in the country.<a href="#cite_note-352">[348]</a> In 1974, <a href="/wiki/Elaine_Noble" title="Elaine Noble">Elaine Noble</a> became <a href="/wiki/List_of_the_first_LGBT_holders_of_political_offices" class="mw-redirect" title="List of the first LGBT holders of political offices">the first</a> openly lesbian or gay candidate elected to a state legislature in US history.<a href="#cite_note-353">[349]</a> The state's <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_12th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 12th congressional district">12th congressional district</a> elected the first openly gay member of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">United States House of Representatives</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gerry_Studds" title="Gerry Studds">Gerry Studds</a>, in 1972<a href="#cite_note-354">[350]</a> and in 2004, Massachusetts became the first state to allow <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage" title="Same-sex marriage">same-sex marriage</a>.<a href="#cite_note-CNNmarriage-66">[63]</a> In 2006, Massachusetts became the first state to approve a law that provided for nearly universal healthcare.<a href="#cite_note-355">[351]</a><a href="#cite_note-Mandatory-356">[352]</a> Massachusetts has a pro-<a href="/wiki/Sanctuary_city" title="Sanctuary city">sanctuary city</a> law.<a href="#cite_note-357">[353]</a> In a 2020 study, Massachusetts was ranked as the 11th easiest state for citizens to vote in.<a href="#cite_note-358">[354]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Government">Government</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Massachusetts&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Government">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Massachusetts" title="Government of Massachusetts">Government of Massachusetts</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_(U.S._state)" title="Commonwealth (U.S. state)">Commonwealth (U.S. state)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Maura_Healey,_official_portrait,_governor.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Maura_Healey%2C_official_portrait%2C_governor.jpg/150px-Maura_Healey%2C_official_portrait%2C_governor.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Maura_Healey%2C_official_portrait%2C_governor.jpg/225px-Maura_Healey%2C_official_portrait%2C_governor.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Maura_Healey%2C_official_portrait%2C_governor.jpg/300px-Maura_Healey%2C_official_portrait%2C_governor.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4325" data-file-height="5504" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Maura_Healey" title="Maura Healey">Maura Healey</a> (<a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(Massachusetts)" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Party (Massachusetts)">D</a>), the 73rd <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Massachusetts" title="Governor of Massachusetts">Governor of Massachusetts</a></figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Massachusetts government">Government of Massachusetts</a> is divided into three branches: executive, legislative, and judicial. The <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Massachusetts" title="Governor of Massachusetts">governor of Massachusetts</a> heads the executive branch, while legislative authority vests in a separate but coequal legislature. Meanwhile, judicial power is constitutionally guaranteed to the independent judicial branch.<a href="#cite_note-359">[355]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Executive_branch">Executive branch</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Massachusetts&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Executive branch">edit</a>]</div> As chief executive, the governor is responsible for signing or vetoing legislation, filling judicial and agency appointments, granting pardons, preparing an annual budget, and commanding the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_National_Guard" title="Massachusetts National Guard">Massachusetts National Guard</a>.<a href="#cite_note-MassPol1-360">[356]</a> Massachusetts governors, unlike those of most other states, are addressed as His/Her Excellency.<a href="#cite_note-MassPol1-360">[356]</a> The governor is <a href="/wiki/Maura_Healey" title="Maura Healey">Maura Healey</a> and the incumbent lieutenant governor is <a href="/wiki/Kim_Driscoll" title="Kim Driscoll">Kim Driscoll</a>. The governor conducts the affairs of state alongside a separate <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Governor%27s_Council" title="Massachusetts Governor's Council">Governor's Council</a> made up of the <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Massachusetts" title="Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts">lieutenant governor</a> and eight separately elected councilors.<a href="#cite_note-MassPol1-360">[356]</a> The council is charged by the state constitution with reviewing and confirming gubernatorial appointments and pardons, approving disbursements out of the state treasury, and certifying elections, among other duties.<a href="#cite_note-MassPol1-360">[356]</a> Aside from the governor and Governor's Council, the executive branch also includes four independently elected constitutional officers: a <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Secretary_of_the_Commonwealth" class="mw-redirect" title="Massachusetts Secretary of the Commonwealth">secretary of the commonwealth</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Attorney_General" title="Massachusetts Attorney General">attorney general</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Treasurer_and_Receiver-General_of_Massachusetts" title="Treasurer and Receiver-General of Massachusetts">state treasurer</a>, and a <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_State_Auditor" title="Massachusetts State Auditor">state auditor</a>. The commonwealth's incumbent constitutional officers are respectively <a href="/wiki/William_F._Galvin" title="William F. Galvin">William F. Galvin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andrea_Campbell" title="Andrea Campbell">Andrea Campbell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deb_Goldberg" title="Deb Goldberg">Deb Goldberg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Diana_DiZoglio" title="Diana DiZoglio">Diana DiZoglio</a>, all <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Democratic_Party" title="Massachusetts Democratic Party">Democrats</a>. In accordance with state statute, the secretary of the commonwealth administers elections, regulates lobbyists and the securities industry, registers corporations, serves as register of deeds for the entire state, and preserves public records as keeper of the <a href="/wiki/Seal_of_Massachusetts" title="Seal of Massachusetts">state seal</a>.<a href="#cite_note-361">[357]</a> Meanwhile, the attorney general provides legal services to state agencies, combats fraud and corruption, investigates and prosecutes crimes, and enforces consumer protection, environment, labor, and civil rights laws as Massachusetts chief lawyer and law enforcement officer.<a href="#cite_note-362">[358]</a> At the same time, the state treasurer manages the state's cash flow, debt, and investments as chief financial officer, whereas the state auditor conducts audits, investigations, and studies as chief audit executive in order to promote government accountability and transparency and improve state agency financial management, legal compliance, and performance.<a href="#cite_note-363">[359]</a><a href="#cite_note-364">[360]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Legislative_branch">Legislative branch</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Massachusetts&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Legislative branch">edit</a>]</div> The <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_House_of_Representatives" title="Massachusetts House of Representatives">Massachusetts House of Representatives</a> and <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Senate" title="Massachusetts Senate">Massachusetts Senate</a> comprise the legislature of Massachusetts, known as the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_General_Court" title="Massachusetts General Court">Massachusetts General Court</a>.<a href="#cite_note-MassPol1-360">[356]</a> The House consists of 160 members while the Senate has 40 members.<a href="#cite_note-MassPol1-360">[356]</a> Leaders of the House and Senate are chosen by the members of those bodies; the leader of the House is known as the Speaker while the leader of the Senate is known as the President.<a href="#cite_note-MassPol1-360">[356]</a> Each branch consists of several committees.<a href="#cite_note-MassPol1-360">[356]</a> Members of both bodies are elected to two-year terms.<a href="#cite_note-365">[361]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Judicial_branch">Judicial branch</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Massachusetts&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Judicial branch">edit</a>]</div> The <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Supreme_Judicial_Court" title="Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court">Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court</a> (a chief justice and six associates) are appointed by the governor and confirmed by the Governor's Council, as are all other judges in the state.<a href="#cite_note-MassPol1-360">[356]</a> Federal court cases are heard in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Massachusetts" title="United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts">United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts</a>, and appeals are heard by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_First_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit">United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit</a>.<a href="#cite_note-366">[362]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Federal_representation">Federal representation</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Massachusetts&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Federal representation">edit</a>]</div> The Congressional delegation from Massachusetts is entirely <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a>.<a href="#cite_note-367">[363]</a> The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">Senators</a> are <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Warren" title="Elizabeth Warren">Elizabeth Warren</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ed_Markey" title="Ed Markey">Ed Markey</a> while the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">Representatives</a> are <a href="/wiki/Richard_Neal" title="Richard Neal">Richard Neal</a> (<a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_1st_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 1st congressional district">1st</a>), <a href="/wiki/Jim_McGovern_(congressman)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jim McGovern (congressman)">Jim McGovern</a> (<a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_2nd_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 2nd congressional district">2nd</a>), <a href="/wiki/Lori_Trahan" title="Lori Trahan">Lori Trahan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_3rd_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 3rd congressional district">3rd</a>), <a href="/wiki/Jake_Auchincloss" title="Jake Auchincloss">Jake Auchincloss</a> (<a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_4th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 4th congressional district">4th</a>), <a href="/wiki/Katherine_Clark" title="Katherine Clark">Katherine Clark</a> (<a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_5th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 5th congressional district">5th</a>), <a href="/wiki/Seth_Moulton" title="Seth Moulton">Seth Moulton</a> (<a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_6th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 6th congressional district">6th</a>), <a href="/wiki/Ayanna_Pressley" title="Ayanna Pressley">Ayanna Pressley</a> (<a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_7th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 7th congressional district">7th</a>), <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Lynch_(politician)" title="Stephen Lynch (politician)">Stephen Lynch</a> (<a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_8th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 8th congressional district">8th</a>), and <a href="/wiki/Bill_Keating_(politician)" title="Bill Keating (politician)">Bill Keating</a> (<a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_9th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 9th congressional district">9th</a>).<a href="#cite_note-368">[364]</a> In U.S. presidential elections since 2012, Massachusetts has been allotted 11 votes in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Electoral_College" title="United States Electoral College">electoral college</a>, out of a total of 538.<a href="#cite_note-369">[365]</a> Like most states, Massachusetts's electoral votes are granted in a winner-take-all system.<a href="#cite_note-370">[366]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Politics">Politics</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Massachusetts&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Politics">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Massachusetts" title="Politics of Massachusetts">Politics of Massachusetts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Political_party_strength_in_Massachusetts" title="Political party strength in Massachusetts">Political party strength in Massachusetts</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_Massachusetts" title="United States presidential elections in Massachusetts">United States presidential elections in Massachusetts</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Joe_Kennedy_III,_Elizabeth_Warren,_Barney_Frank.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Two older men and an older woman stand in a crowd with signs reading "Joe Kennedy for Congress"." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Joe_Kennedy_III%2C_Elizabeth_Warren%2C_Barney_Frank.jpg/220px-Joe_Kennedy_III%2C_Elizabeth_Warren%2C_Barney_Frank.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Joe_Kennedy_III%2C_Elizabeth_Warren%2C_Barney_Frank.jpg/330px-Joe_Kennedy_III%2C_Elizabeth_Warren%2C_Barney_Frank.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Joe_Kennedy_III%2C_Elizabeth_Warren%2C_Barney_Frank.jpg/440px-Joe_Kennedy_III%2C_Elizabeth_Warren%2C_Barney_Frank.jpg 2x" data-file-width="639" data-file-height="426" /></a><figcaption>Boston Pride Parade, 2012. From left: Representative <a href="/wiki/Joe_Kennedy_III" title="Joe Kennedy III">Joe Kennedy III</a>, Senator <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Warren" title="Elizabeth Warren">Elizabeth Warren</a>, and former representative <a href="/wiki/Barney_Frank" title="Barney Frank">Barney Frank</a>.</figcaption></figure> For more than 70 years, Massachusetts has shifted from a previously <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a>-leaning state to one <a href="/wiki/Red_states_and_blue_states" title="Red states and blue states">largely dominated</a> by <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democrats</a>; the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_election_in_Massachusetts,_1952" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate election in Massachusetts, 1952">1952 victory</a> of <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a> over incumbent Senator <a href="/wiki/Henry_Cabot_Lodge_Jr." title="Henry Cabot Lodge Jr.">Henry Cabot Lodge Jr.</a> is seen as a watershed moment in this transformation. His younger brother <a href="/wiki/Ted_Kennedy" title="Ted Kennedy">Edward M. Kennedy</a> held that seat until his death from a brain tumor in 2009.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrownTager2000310-371">[367]</a> Since the 1950s, Massachusetts has gained a reputation as being a politically liberal state and is often used as an archetype of <a href="/wiki/Modern_liberalism_in_the_United_States" title="Modern liberalism in the United States">modern liberalism</a>, hence the phrase "<a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_liberal" title="Massachusetts liberal">Massachusetts liberal</a>".<a href="#cite_note-372">[368]</a> Massachusetts is one of the most Democratic states in the country. Democratic core concentrations are everywhere, except for a handful of Republican leaning towns in the Central and Southern parts of the state. Until recently, Republicans were dominant in the Western and Northern suburbs of Boston, however both areas heavily swung Democratic in the Trump era. The state as a whole has not given its <a href="/wiki/Electoral_College_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Electoral College (United States)">Electoral College</a> votes to a Republican in a <a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election" title="United States presidential election">presidential election</a> since <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> carried it in <a href="/wiki/1984_United_States_presidential_election" title="1984 United States presidential election">1984</a>, and not a single county has voted for a Republican presidential candidate since <a href="/wiki/1988_United_States_presidential_election_in_Massachusetts" title="1988 United States presidential election in Massachusetts">1988</a> . Additionally, Massachusetts provided Reagan with his smallest margins of victory in both the <a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election" title="1980 United States presidential election">1980</a><a href="#cite_note-373">[369]</a> and 1984 elections.<a href="#cite_note-374">[370]</a> Massachusetts had been the only state to vote for Democrat <a href="/wiki/George_McGovern" title="George McGovern">George McGovern</a> in the <a href="/wiki/1972_United_States_Presidential_Election" class="mw-redirect" title="1972 United States Presidential Election">1972 presidential election</a>. In <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election_in_Massachusetts" title="2020 United States presidential election in Massachusetts">2020, Biden received 65.6% of the vote</a>, the best performance in over 50 years for a Democrat.<a href="#cite_note-375">[371]</a> Democrats have an absolute grip on the Massachusetts congressional delegation; there are no Republicans elected to serve at the federal level. Both Senators and all nine Representatives are Democrats; only one Republican (former Senator <a href="/wiki/Scott_Brown_(politician)" title="Scott Brown (politician)">Scott Brown</a>) has been elected to either house of Congress from Massachusetts since 1994. Massachusetts is the most populous state to be represented in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">United States Congress</a> entirely by a single party.<a href="#cite_note-376">[372]</a> As of the 2018 elections, the Democratic Party holds a super-majority over the Republican Party in <a href="/wiki/Bicameralism" title="Bicameralism">both chambers</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_General_Court" title="Massachusetts General Court">Massachusetts General Court</a> (state legislature). Out of the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_House_of_Representatives" title="Massachusetts House of Representatives">state house</a>'s 160 seats, Democrats hold 127 seats (79%) compared to the Republican Party's 32 seats (20%), an <a href="/wiki/Susannah_Whipps" title="Susannah Whipps">independent sits in the remaining one</a>,<a href="#cite_note-377">[373]</a> and 37 out of the 40 seats in the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_state_senate" class="mw-redirect" title="Massachusetts state senate">state senate</a> (92.5%) belong to the Democratic Party compared to the Republican Party's three seats (7.5%).<a href="#cite_note-378">[374]</a> Both houses of the legislature have had Democratic majorities since the 1950s.<a href="#cite_note-379">[375]</a> <table class="wikitable floatright"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="6">Party registration as of August 2024<a href="#cite_note-380">[376]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">Party </th> <th>Total voters </th> <th>Percentage </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#DCDCDC; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Independent_voter" title="Independent voter">Unenrolled</a> </td> <td align="center">3,256,754 </td> <td align="center">64.43% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#3333FF; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> </td> <td align="center">1,327,704 </td> <td align="center">26.27% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#E81B23; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> </td> <td align="center">418,899 </td> <td align="center">8.29% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:white; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_United_States" title="List of political parties in the United States">Other</a> </td> <td align="center">51,182 </td> <td align="center">1.01% </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">Total </th> <th align="center">5,054,539 </th> <th align="center">100.00% </th></tr></tbody></table> Despite the state's Democratic-leaning tendency, Massachusetts has generally elected Republicans as <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Massachusetts" title="Governor of Massachusetts">Governor</a>: only two Democrats (<a href="/wiki/Deval_Patrick" title="Deval Patrick">Deval Patrick</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maura_Healey" title="Maura Healey">Maura Healey</a>) have served as governor since 1991, and among gubernatorial election results from 2002 to 2022, Republican nominees garnered 48.4% of the vote compared to 45.7% for Democratic nominees.<a href="#cite_note-Leip,_David-381">[377]</a> These have been considered to be among the most moderate Republican leaders in the nation;<a href="#cite_note-382">[378]</a><a href="#cite_note-383">[379]</a> they have received higher net favorability ratings from the state's Democrats than Republicans.<a href="#cite_note-384">[380]</a> A number of contemporary national political issues have been influenced by events in Massachusetts, such as the decision in 2003 by the state Supreme Judicial Court <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Massachusetts" title="Same-sex marriage in Massachusetts">allowing same-sex marriage</a><a href="#cite_note-385">[381]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_2006_Health_Reform_Statute" class="mw-redirect" title="Massachusetts 2006 Health Reform Statute">a 2006 bill</a> which mandated health insurance for all Massachusetts residents.<a href="#cite_note-Mandatory-356">[352]</a> In 2008, Massachusetts voters passed <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Sensible_Marijuana_Policy_Initiative" class="mw-redirect" title="Massachusetts Sensible Marijuana Policy Initiative">an initiative</a> decriminalizing possession of small amounts of <a href="/wiki/Marijuana" class="mw-redirect" title="Marijuana">marijuana</a>.<a href="#cite_note-386">[382]</a> Voters in Massachusetts also approved a ballot measure in 2012 that legalized the medical use of marijuana.<a href="#cite_note-387">[383]</a> Following the approval of a ballot question endorsing legalization in 2016, Massachusetts began issuing licenses for the regulated sale of recreational marijuana in June 2018. The licensed sale of recreational marijuana became legal on July 1, 2018; however, the lack of state-approved testing facilities prevented the sale of any product for several weeks.<a href="#cite_note-388">[384]</a> However, in 2020, a ballot initiative to implement <a href="/wiki/2020_Massachusetts_Question_2" title="2020 Massachusetts Question 2">Ranked-Choice Voting</a> failed, despite being championed by many <a href="/wiki/Progressivism_in_the_United_States" title="Progressivism in the United States">progressives</a>.<a href="#cite_note-389">[385]</a> Massachusetts is one of the most <a href="/wiki/Abortion-rights_movements" class="mw-redirect" title="Abortion-rights movements">pro-choice</a> states in the Union. A 2014 <a href="/wiki/Pew_Research_Center" title="Pew Research Center">Pew Research Center</a> poll found that 74% of Massachusetts residents supported the right to an <a href="/wiki/Abortion" title="Abortion">abortion</a> in all/most cases, making Massachusetts the most pro-choice state in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-390">[386]</a> In 2020, the state legislature overrode Governor <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Baker" title="Charlie Baker">Charlie Baker</a>'s veto of the ROE Act, a controversial law that codified existing abortion laws in case the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court</a> overturned <a href="/wiki/Roe_v._Wade" title="Roe v. Wade">Roe v. Wade</a>, dropped the age of parental consent for those seeking an abortion from 18 to 16, and legalized abortion after 24 weeks, if a fetus had fatal anomalies, or "to preserve the patient's physical or mental health."<a href="#cite_note-391">[387]</a> The 2023 American Values Atlas by <a href="/wiki/Public_Religion_Research_Institute" title="Public Religion Research Institute">Public Religion Research Institute</a> found that <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_United_States" title="Same-sex marriage in the United States">same-sex marriage</a> is supported near-universally by Massachusettsans.<a href="#cite_note-392">[388]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cities,_towns,_and_counties">Cities, towns, and counties</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Massachusetts&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Cities, towns, and counties">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Massachusetts#County_government" title="Government of Massachusetts">Government of Massachusetts § County Government</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Massachusetts#Municipal_government" title="Government of Massachusetts">Government of Massachusetts § Municipal Government</a></div> As of 2023,<a href="#cite_note-MMA-393">[389]</a> there are <a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Massachusetts" title="List of municipalities in Massachusetts">292 towns and 59 cities</a> in Massachusetts. Over time, many towns have voted to become cities; 14 municipalities still refer to themselves as "towns" even though they have a city form of government.<a href="#cite_note-MMA-393">[389]</a> There are <a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Massachusetts" title="List of municipalities in Massachusetts">50 cities and 301 towns</a> in Massachusetts, grouped into <a href="/wiki/List_of_Massachusetts_counties" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Massachusetts counties">14 counties</a>.<a href="#cite_note-MassCities1-394">[390]</a> The fourteen counties, moving roughly from west to east, are <a href="/wiki/Berkshire_County,_Massachusetts" title="Berkshire County, Massachusetts">Berkshire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Franklin_County,_Massachusetts" title="Franklin County, Massachusetts">Franklin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hampshire_County,_Massachusetts" title="Hampshire County, Massachusetts">Hampshire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hampden_County,_Massachusetts" title="Hampden County, Massachusetts">Hampden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Worcester_County,_Massachusetts" title="Worcester County, Massachusetts">Worcester</a>, <a href="/wiki/Middlesex_County,_Massachusetts" title="Middlesex County, Massachusetts">Middlesex</a>, <a href="/wiki/Essex_County,_Massachusetts" title="Essex County, Massachusetts">Essex</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suffolk_County,_Massachusetts" title="Suffolk County, Massachusetts">Suffolk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norfolk_County,_Massachusetts" title="Norfolk County, Massachusetts">Norfolk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bristol_County,_Massachusetts" title="Bristol County, Massachusetts">Bristol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Plymouth_County,_Massachusetts" title="Plymouth County, Massachusetts">Plymouth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barnstable_County,_Massachusetts" title="Barnstable County, Massachusetts">Barnstable</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dukes_County,_Massachusetts" title="Dukes County, Massachusetts">Dukes</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nantucket_County,_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="Nantucket County, Massachusetts">Nantucket</a>. Eleven communities which call themselves "towns" are, by law, cities since they have traded the <a href="/wiki/Town_meeting" title="Town meeting">town meeting</a> form of government for a mayor-council or manager-council form.<a href="#cite_note-395">[391]</a> Boston is the state capital in Massachusetts. The population of the city proper is 692,600,<a href="#cite_note-396">[392]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Greater_Boston" title="Greater Boston">Greater Boston</a>, with a population of 4,873,019, is the 11th largest <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">metropolitan area</a> in the nation.<a href="#cite_note-397">[393]</a> Other cities with a population over 100,000 include <a href="/wiki/Worcester,_Massachusetts" title="Worcester, Massachusetts">Worcester</a>, <a href="/wiki/Springfield,_Massachusetts" title="Springfield, Massachusetts">Springfield</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lowell,_Massachusetts" title="Lowell, Massachusetts">Lowell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cambridge,_Massachusetts" title="Cambridge, Massachusetts">Cambridge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brockton,_Massachusetts" title="Brockton, Massachusetts">Brockton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quincy,_Massachusetts" title="Quincy, Massachusetts">Quincy</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Bedford,_Massachusetts" title="New Bedford, Massachusetts">New Bedford</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Lynn,_Massachusetts" title="Lynn, Massachusetts">Lynn</a>. <a href="/wiki/Plymouth,_Massachusetts" title="Plymouth, Massachusetts">Plymouth</a> is the largest municipality in the state by land area, followed by <a href="/wiki/Middleborough,_Massachusetts" title="Middleborough, Massachusetts">Middleborough</a>.<a href="#cite_note-MassCities1-394">[390]</a> Massachusetts, along with the five other <a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a> states, features the local governmental structure known as <a href="/wiki/New_England_town" title="New England town">the New England town</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESokolow1997293–6-398">[394]</a> In this structure, incorporated towns—as opposed to townships or counties—hold many of the responsibilities and powers of local government.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESokolow1997293–6-398">[394]</a> Most of the county governments were abolished by the state of Massachusetts beginning in 1997 including <a href="/wiki/Middlesex_County,_Massachusetts" title="Middlesex County, Massachusetts">Middlesex County</a>,<a href="#cite_note-399">[395]</a> the largest county in the state by population.<a href="#cite_note-400">[396]</a><a href="#cite_note-401">[397]</a> The voters of these now-defunct counties elect only Sheriffs and Registers of Deeds, who are part of the state government. Other counties have been reorganized, and a few still retain county councils.<a href="#cite_note-402">[398]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1219497266">.mw-parser-output .largestCities-table-background{background:#f9f9f9;color:#222}.mw-parser-output .largestCities-cell-background{background:#f0f0f0;color:#222}</style> <div> <table style="font-size:88%;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; width: 100%; border: 1px solid darkgray;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="10" style="padding:0.3em 0.75em;"><div style="float:right; width:6em; height:2.6em"> </div><div style="float:left; width:6em; height:2.6em"> </div> <div style="height:2.6em;line-height:1.3em;">Largest cities or towns in Massachusetts <div style="display:inline;font-weight:normal;">Source:<a href="#cite_note-403">[399]</a><a href="#cite_note-404">[400]</a></div></div> </th></tr> <tr> <th></th> <th>Rank </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Massachusetts">Name</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="Counties of Massachusetts">County</a> </th> <th>Pop. </th> <th>Rank </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Massachusetts">Name</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="Counties of Massachusetts">County</a> </th> <th>Pop.</th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/File:Boston_skyline_from_Longfellow_Bridge_September_2017_panorama_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Boston"><img alt="Boston" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Boston_skyline_from_Longfellow_Bridge_September_2017_panorama_2.jpg/120px-Boston_skyline_from_Longfellow_Bridge_September_2017_panorama_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Boston_skyline_from_Longfellow_Bridge_September_2017_panorama_2.jpg/180px-Boston_skyline_from_Longfellow_Bridge_September_2017_panorama_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Boston_skyline_from_Longfellow_Bridge_September_2017_panorama_2.jpg/240px-Boston_skyline_from_Longfellow_Bridge_September_2017_panorama_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="9250" data-file-height="3700" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Boston,_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="Boston, Massachusetts">Boston</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Downtown_Worcester_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Worcester"><img alt="Worcester" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Downtown_Worcester_2.jpg/120px-Downtown_Worcester_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Downtown_Worcester_2.jpg/180px-Downtown_Worcester_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Downtown_Worcester_2.jpg/240px-Downtown_Worcester_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3900" data-file-height="1908" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Worcester,_Massachusetts" title="Worcester, Massachusetts">Worcester</a> </td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">1</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Boston,_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="Boston, Massachusetts">Boston</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Suffolk_County,_Massachusetts" title="Suffolk County, Massachusetts">Suffolk</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">654,776</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">11</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Lawrence,_Massachusetts" title="Lawrence, Massachusetts">Lawrence</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Essex_County,_Massachusetts" title="Essex County, Massachusetts">Essex</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">88,508 </td> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/File:Downtown_Springfield,_MA.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Springfield"><img alt="Springfield" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Downtown_Springfield%2C_MA.jpg/120px-Downtown_Springfield%2C_MA.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Downtown_Springfield%2C_MA.jpg/180px-Downtown_Springfield%2C_MA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Downtown_Springfield%2C_MA.jpg/240px-Downtown_Springfield%2C_MA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Springfield,_Massachusetts" title="Springfield, Massachusetts">Springfield</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Cambridge_Skyline.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cambridge"><img alt="Cambridge" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Cambridge_Skyline.jpg/120px-Cambridge_Skyline.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Cambridge_Skyline.jpg/180px-Cambridge_Skyline.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Cambridge_Skyline.jpg/240px-Cambridge_Skyline.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="532" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Cambridge,_Massachusetts" title="Cambridge, Massachusetts">Cambridge</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">2</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Worcester,_Massachusetts" title="Worcester, Massachusetts">Worcester</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Worcester_County,_Massachusetts" title="Worcester County, Massachusetts">Worcester</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">205,918</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">12</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Newton,_Massachusetts" title="Newton, Massachusetts">Newton</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Middlesex_County,_Massachusetts" title="Middlesex County, Massachusetts">Middlesex</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">87,453 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">3</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Springfield,_Massachusetts" title="Springfield, Massachusetts">Springfield</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Hampden_County,_Massachusetts" title="Hampden County, Massachusetts">Hampden</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">154,789</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">13</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Somerville,_Massachusetts" title="Somerville, Massachusetts">Somerville</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Middlesex_County,_Massachusetts" title="Middlesex County, Massachusetts">Middlesex</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">79,815 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">4</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Cambridge,_Massachusetts" title="Cambridge, Massachusetts">Cambridge</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Middlesex_County,_Massachusetts" title="Middlesex County, Massachusetts">Middlesex</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">117,090</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">14</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Framingham,_Massachusetts" title="Framingham, Massachusetts">Framingham</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Middlesex_County,_Massachusetts" title="Middlesex County, Massachusetts">Middlesex</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">71,265 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">5</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Lowell,_Massachusetts" title="Lowell, Massachusetts">Lowell</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Middlesex_County,_Massachusetts" title="Middlesex County, Massachusetts">Middlesex</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">113,994</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">15</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Haverhill,_Massachusetts" title="Haverhill, Massachusetts">Haverhill</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Essex_County,_Massachusetts" title="Essex County, Massachusetts">Essex</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">67,361 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">6</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Brockton,_Massachusetts" title="Brockton, Massachusetts">Brockton</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Plymouth_County,_Massachusetts" title="Plymouth County, Massachusetts">Plymouth</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">105,994</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">16</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Malden,_Massachusetts" title="Malden, Massachusetts">Malden</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Middlesex_County,_Massachusetts" title="Middlesex County, Massachusetts">Middlesex</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">65,074 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">7</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Quincy,_Massachusetts" title="Quincy, Massachusetts">Quincy</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Norfolk_County,_Massachusetts" title="Norfolk County, Massachusetts">Norfolk</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">101,119</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">17</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Waltham,_Massachusetts" title="Waltham, Massachusetts">Waltham</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Middlesex_County,_Massachusetts" title="Middlesex County, Massachusetts">Middlesex</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">64,015 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">8</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/New_Bedford,_Massachusetts" title="New Bedford, Massachusetts">New Bedford</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Bristol_County,_Massachusetts" title="Bristol County, Massachusetts">Bristol</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">100,941</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">18</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Brookline,_Massachusetts" title="Brookline, Massachusetts">Brookline</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Norfolk_County,_Massachusetts" title="Norfolk County, Massachusetts">Norfolk</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">62,726 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">9</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Lynn,_Massachusetts" title="Lynn, Massachusetts">Lynn</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Essex_County,_Massachusetts" title="Essex County, Massachusetts">Essex</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">100,843</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">19</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Plymouth,_Massachusetts" title="Plymouth, Massachusetts">Plymouth</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Plymouth_County,_Massachusetts" title="Plymouth County, Massachusetts">Plymouth</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">62,131 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">10</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Fall_River,_Massachusetts" title="Fall River, Massachusetts">Fall River</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Bristol_County,_Massachusetts" title="Bristol County, Massachusetts">Bristol</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">93,884</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">20</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Medford,_Massachusetts" title="Medford, Massachusetts">Medford</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Middlesex_County,_Massachusetts" title="Middlesex County, Massachusetts">Middlesex</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">62,098 </td></tr> </tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Arts,_culture,_and_recreation">Arts, culture, and recreation</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Massachusetts&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Arts, culture, and recreation">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Site_of_Thoreau%27s_cabin.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Site_of_Thoreau%27s_cabin.JPG/220px-Site_of_Thoreau%27s_cabin.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Site_of_Thoreau%27s_cabin.JPG/330px-Site_of_Thoreau%27s_cabin.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Site_of_Thoreau%27s_cabin.JPG/440px-Site_of_Thoreau%27s_cabin.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2738" data-file-height="1825" /></a><figcaption>The site of <a href="/wiki/Henry_David_Thoreau" title="Henry David Thoreau">Henry David Thoreau</a>'s cabin at <a href="/wiki/Walden_Pond" title="Walden Pond">Walden Pond</a> in <a href="/wiki/Concord,_Massachusetts" title="Concord, Massachusetts">Concord</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Clark_Art_Institute_-_Tadao_Ando.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/The_Clark_Art_Institute_-_Tadao_Ando.jpg/278px-The_Clark_Art_Institute_-_Tadao_Ando.jpg" decoding="async" width="278" height="209" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/The_Clark_Art_Institute_-_Tadao_Ando.jpg/417px-The_Clark_Art_Institute_-_Tadao_Ando.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/The_Clark_Art_Institute_-_Tadao_Ando.jpg/556px-The_Clark_Art_Institute_-_Tadao_Ando.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4160" data-file-height="3120" /></a><figcaption>Massachusetts is home to many of the worlds' most prestigious art museums, such as the <a href="/wiki/Clark_Art_Institute" title="Clark Art Institute">Clark Art Institute</a> (pictured above)</figcaption></figure> Massachusetts has contributed to American arts and culture. Drawing from its <a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native American</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yankee" title="Yankee">Yankee</a> roots, along with later immigrant groups, Massachusetts has produced several writers, artists, and musicians. Some major museums and important historical sites are also located there, and events and festivals throughout the year celebrate the state's history and heritage.<a href="#cite_note-405">[401]</a> Massachusetts was an early center of the <a href="/wiki/Transcendentalism" title="Transcendentalism">Transcendentalist</a> movement, which emphasized intuition, emotion, human individuality and a deeper connection with nature.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldfieldAbbottAndersonArgersinger1998254-126">[123]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Waldo_Emerson" title="Ralph Waldo Emerson">Ralph Waldo Emerson</a>, who was born in Boston but spent much of his later life in <a href="/wiki/Concord,_Massachusetts" title="Concord, Massachusetts">Concord</a>, largely created the philosophy with his 1836 work <a href="/wiki/Nature_(essay)" title="Nature (essay)">Nature</a>, and continued to be a key figure in the movement for the remainder of his life. Emerson's friend, <a href="/wiki/Henry_David_Thoreau" title="Henry David Thoreau">Henry David Thoreau</a>, who was also involved in Transcendentalism, recorded his year spent alone in a small cabin at nearby <a href="/wiki/Walden_Pond" title="Walden Pond">Walden Pond</a> in the 1854 work <a href="/wiki/Walden;_or,_Life_in_the_Woods" class="mw-redirect" title="Walden; or, Life in the Woods">Walden; or, Life in the Woods</a>.<a href="#cite_note-406">[402]</a> Other famous authors and poets born or strongly associated with Massachusetts include <a href="/wiki/Anne_Bradstreet" title="Anne Bradstreet">Anne Bradstreet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Hawthorne" title="Nathaniel Hawthorne">Nathaniel Hawthorne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Louisa_May_Alcott" title="Louisa May Alcott">Louisa May Alcott</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Frost" title="Robert Frost">Robert Frost</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emily_Dickinson" title="Emily Dickinson">Emily Dickinson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Wadsworth_Longfellow" title="Henry Wadsworth Longfellow">Henry Wadsworth Longfellow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edith_Wharton" title="Edith Wharton">Edith Wharton</a>, <a href="/wiki/E.e._cummings" class="mw-redirect" title="E.e. cummings">e.e. cummings</a>, <a href="/wiki/Herman_Melville" title="Herman Melville">Herman Melville</a>, <a href="/wiki/W.E.B._Du_Bois" class="mw-redirect" title="W.E.B. Du Bois">W.E.B. Du Bois</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sylvia_Plath" title="Sylvia Plath">Sylvia Plath</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Bishop" title="Elizabeth Bishop">Elizabeth Bishop</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Updike" title="John Updike">John Updike</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anne_Sexton" title="Anne Sexton">Anne Sexton</a>, <a href="/wiki/H.P._Lovecraft" class="mw-redirect" title="H.P. Lovecraft">H.P. Lovecraft</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edgar_Allan_Poe" title="Edgar Allan Poe">Edgar Allan Poe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Helen_Hunt_Jackson" title="Helen Hunt Jackson">Helen Hunt Jackson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Khalil_Gibran" class="mw-redirect" title="Khalil Gibran">Khalil Gibran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mary_Higgins_Clark" title="Mary Higgins Clark">Mary Higgins Clark</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amelia_Atwater-Rhodes" title="Amelia Atwater-Rhodes">Amelia Atwater-Rhodes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jack_Kerouac" title="Jack Kerouac">Jack Kerouac</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dr._Seuss" title="Dr. Seuss">Theodor Seuss Geisel</a>, better known as "Dr. Seuss".<a href="#cite_note-407">[403]</a><a href="#cite_note-408">[404]</a><a href="#cite_note-MassMisc-409">[405]</a> Famous painters from Massachusetts include <a href="/wiki/Winslow_Homer" title="Winslow Homer">Winslow Homer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Norman_Rockwell" title="Norman Rockwell">Norman Rockwell</a>;<a href="#cite_note-MassMisc-409">[405]</a> many of the latter's works are on display at the <a href="/wiki/Norman_Rockwell_Museum" title="Norman Rockwell Museum">Norman Rockwell Museum</a> in <a href="/wiki/Stockbridge,_Massachusetts" title="Stockbridge, Massachusetts">Stockbridge</a>.<a href="#cite_note-410">[406]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:InsideOutStage.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6f/InsideOutStage.jpg/220px-InsideOutStage.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6f/InsideOutStage.jpg/330px-InsideOutStage.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/6/6f/InsideOutStage.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="267" /></a><figcaption>An outdoor dance performance at <a href="/wiki/Jacob%27s_Pillow_Dance" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacob's Pillow Dance">Jacob's Pillow</a> in <a href="/wiki/Becket,_Massachusetts" title="Becket, Massachusetts">Becket</a></figcaption></figure> Massachusetts is also an important center for the performing arts. Both the <a href="/wiki/Boston_Symphony_Orchestra" title="Boston Symphony Orchestra">Boston Symphony Orchestra</a> and <a href="/wiki/Boston_Pops_Orchestra" class="mw-redirect" title="Boston Pops Orchestra">Boston Pops Orchestra</a> are based in Massachusetts.<a href="#cite_note-BostonArts1-411">[407]</a> Other orchestras in Massachusetts include the <a href="/wiki/Cape_Cod_Symphony_Orchestra" title="Cape Cod Symphony Orchestra">Cape Cod Symphony Orchestra</a> in <a href="/wiki/Barnstable,_Massachusetts" title="Barnstable, Massachusetts">Barnstable</a>, the New Bedford Symphony Orchestra,<a href="#cite_note-412">[408]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Springfield_Symphony_Orchestra" title="Springfield Symphony Orchestra">Springfield Symphony Orchestra</a>.<a href="#cite_note-413">[409]</a><a href="#cite_note-414">[410]</a> <a href="/wiki/Tanglewood" title="Tanglewood">Tanglewood</a>, in western Massachusetts, is a music venue that is home to both the <a href="/wiki/Tanglewood_Music_Festival" title="Tanglewood Music Festival">Tanglewood Music Festival</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tanglewood_Jazz_Festival" title="Tanglewood Jazz Festival">Tanglewood Jazz Festival</a>, as well as the summer host for the Boston Symphony Orchestra.<a href="#cite_note-415">[411]</a> Other performing arts and theater organizations in Massachusetts include the <a href="/wiki/Boston_Ballet" title="Boston Ballet">Boston Ballet</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Boston_Lyric_Opera" title="Boston Lyric Opera">Boston Lyric Opera</a>,<a href="#cite_note-BostonArts1-411">[407]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Lenox,_Massachusetts" title="Lenox, Massachusetts">Lenox</a>-based <a href="/wiki/Shakespeare_%26_Company_(Massachusetts)" title="Shakespeare & Company (Massachusetts)">Shakespeare & Company</a>. In addition to classical and folk music, Massachusetts has produced musicians and bands spanning a number of contemporary genres, such as the <a href="/wiki/Classic_rock" title="Classic rock">classic rock</a> bands <a href="/wiki/Aerosmith" title="Aerosmith">Aerosmith</a> and <a href="/wiki/Boston_(band)" title="Boston (band)">Boston</a>, the proto-punk band <a href="/wiki/The_Modern_Lovers" title="The Modern Lovers">the Modern Lovers</a>, the <a href="/wiki/New_wave_music" title="New wave music">new wave</a> band <a href="/wiki/The_Cars" title="The Cars">the Cars</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Alternative_rock" title="Alternative rock">alternative rock</a> band <a href="/wiki/Pixies_(band)" title="Pixies (band)">Pixies</a>.<a href="#cite_note-416">[412]</a> The state has also been the birthplace of the rock bands <a href="/wiki/Staind" title="Staind">Staind</a>, <a href="/wiki/Godsmack" title="Godsmack">Godsmack</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Highly_Suspect" title="Highly Suspect">Highly Suspect</a>, since these bands all were formed in Massachusetts cities such <a href="/wiki/Springfield_(Massachusetts)" class="mw-redirect" title="Springfield (Massachusetts)">Springfield</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lawrence,_Massachusetts" title="Lawrence, Massachusetts">Lawrence</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cape_Cod" title="Cape Cod">Cape Cod</a> respectively.<a href="#cite_note-417">[413]</a><a href="#cite_note-418">[414]</a><a href="#cite_note-419">[415]</a> Film events in the state include the <a href="/wiki/Boston_Film_Festival" title="Boston Film Festival">Boston Film Festival</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Boston_International_Film_Festival" title="Boston International Film Festival">Boston International Film Festival</a>, and a number of smaller film festivals in various cities throughout Massachusetts.<a href="#cite_note-420">[416]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:USS_Constitution_salutes_Bataan_2005.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/USS_Constitution_salutes_Bataan_2005.jpg/220px-USS_Constitution_salutes_Bataan_2005.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/USS_Constitution_salutes_Bataan_2005.jpg/330px-USS_Constitution_salutes_Bataan_2005.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/USS_Constitution_salutes_Bataan_2005.jpg/440px-USS_Constitution_salutes_Bataan_2005.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>USS <a href="/wiki/USS_Constitution" title="USS Constitution">Constitution</a> fires a <a href="/wiki/Gun_salute" title="Gun salute">salute</a> during its annual Fourth of July turnaround cruise</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:OldShipEntrance.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/OldShipEntrance.jpg/220px-OldShipEntrance.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/OldShipEntrance.jpg/330px-OldShipEntrance.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/OldShipEntrance.jpg/440px-OldShipEntrance.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3528" data-file-height="2352" /></a><figcaption>Built in 1681, the <a href="/wiki/Old_Ship_Church" title="Old Ship Church">Old Ship Church</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hingham,_Massachusetts" title="Hingham, Massachusetts">Hingham</a> is the oldest church in America in continuous ecclesiastical use.<a href="#cite_note-421">[417]</a> Massachusetts has since become one of the most <a href="/wiki/Irreligion" title="Irreligion">irreligious</a> states in the U.S.<a href="#cite_note-422">[418]</a></figcaption></figure> Massachusetts is home to a large number of museums and historical sites. The <a href="/wiki/Clark_Art_Institute" title="Clark Art Institute">Clark Art Institute</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Fine_Arts,_Boston" title="Museum of Fine Arts, Boston">Museum of Fine Arts, Boston</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Contemporary_Art,_Boston" title="Institute of Contemporary Art, Boston">Institute of Contemporary Art, Boston</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/DeCordova_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="DeCordova Museum">DeCordova</a> contemporary art and sculpture museum in <a href="/wiki/Lincoln,_Massachusetts" title="Lincoln, Massachusetts">Lincoln</a> are all located within Massachusetts,<a href="#cite_note-423">[419]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Maria_Mitchell_Association" title="Maria Mitchell Association">Maria Mitchell Association</a> in <a href="/wiki/Nantucket" title="Nantucket">Nantucket</a> includes several observatories, museums, and an aquarium.<a href="#cite_note-424">[420]</a> Historically themed museums and sites such as the <a href="/wiki/Springfield_Armory_National_Historic_Site" class="mw-redirect" title="Springfield Armory National Historic Site">Springfield Armory National Historic Site</a> in <a href="/wiki/Springfield,_Massachusetts" title="Springfield, Massachusetts">Springfield</a>,<a href="#cite_note-NPS1-161">[158]</a> Boston's <a href="/wiki/Freedom_Trail" title="Freedom Trail">Freedom Trail</a> and nearby <a href="/wiki/Minute_Man_National_Historical_Park" title="Minute Man National Historical Park">Minute Man National Historical Park</a>, both of which preserve a number of sites important during the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">American Revolution</a>,<a href="#cite_note-NPS1-161">[158]</a><a href="#cite_note-425">[421]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Lowell_National_Historical_Park" title="Lowell National Historical Park">Lowell National Historical Park</a>, which focuses on some of the earliest mills and canals of the <a href="/wiki/Industrial_Revolution" title="Industrial Revolution">Industrial Revolution</a> in the US,<a href="#cite_note-NPS1-161">[158]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Black_Heritage_Trail" class="mw-redirect" title="Black Heritage Trail">Black Heritage Trail</a> in Boston, which includes important African-American and abolitionist sites in Boston,<a href="#cite_note-426">[422]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/New_Bedford_Whaling_National_Historical_Park" title="New Bedford Whaling National Historical Park">New Bedford Whaling National Historical Park</a><a href="#cite_note-NPS1-161">[158]</a> all showcase various periods of Massachusetts's history. <a href="/wiki/Plymouth_Rock" title="Plymouth Rock">Plymouth Rock</a>, marks the disembarkation site of the <a href="/wiki/Mayflower" title="Mayflower">Mayflower</a> <a href="/wiki/Pilgrim_(Plymouth_Colony)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pilgrim (Plymouth Colony)">Pilgrims</a> who founded <a href="/wiki/Plymouth_Colony" title="Plymouth Colony">Plymouth Colony</a> in December 1620. <a href="/wiki/Plimoth_Plantation" class="mw-redirect" title="Plimoth Plantation">Plimoth Plantation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Old_Sturbridge_Village" title="Old Sturbridge Village">Old Sturbridge Village</a> are two <a href="/wiki/Open-air_museum" title="Open-air museum">open-air</a> or "living" museums in Massachusetts, recreating life as it was in the 17th and early 19th centuries, respectively.<a href="#cite_note-427">[423]</a><a href="#cite_note-428">[424]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NE_Flag_red.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/NE_Flag_red.jpg/220px-NE_Flag_red.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/NE_Flag_red.jpg/330px-NE_Flag_red.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/NE_Flag_red.jpg/440px-NE_Flag_red.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="476" /></a><figcaption>Massachusetts has the largest population of the <a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a> states. New Englander culture and identity remains strong in Massachusetts (<a href="/wiki/Flag_of_New_England" title="Flag of New England">Flag of New England</a> pictured above).<a href="#cite_note-429">[425]</a></figcaption></figure> Boston's annual <a href="/wiki/St._Patrick%27s_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Patrick's Day">St. Patrick's Day</a> parade and "Harborfest", a week-long <a href="/wiki/Fourth_of_July" class="mw-redirect" title="Fourth of July">Fourth of July</a> celebration featuring a fireworks display and concert by the Boston Pops as well as a turnaround cruise in Boston Harbor by the <a href="/wiki/USS_Constitution" title="USS Constitution">USS Constitution</a>, are popular events.<a href="#cite_note-430">[426]</a> The <a href="/wiki/New_England_Summer_Nationals" title="New England Summer Nationals">New England Summer Nationals</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Auto_show" title="Auto show">auto show</a> in Worcester, draws tens of thousands of attendees every year.<a href="#cite_note-431">[427]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Boston_Marathon" title="Boston Marathon">Boston Marathon</a> is also a popular event in the state drawing more than 30,000 runners and tens of thousands of spectators annually.<a href="#cite_note-432">[428]</a> Long-distance hiking trails in Massachusetts include the <a href="/wiki/Appalachian_Trail" title="Appalachian Trail">Appalachian Trail</a>, the <a href="/wiki/New_England_National_Scenic_Trail" title="New England National Scenic Trail">New England National Scenic Trail</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Metacomet-Monadnock_Trail" title="Metacomet-Monadnock Trail">Metacomet-Monadnock Trail</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Midstate_Trail_(Massachusetts)" title="Midstate Trail (Massachusetts)">Midstate Trail</a>, and the Bay Circuit Trail.<a href="#cite_note-433">[429]</a> Other outdoor recreational activities in Massachusetts include sailing and yachting, freshwater and deep-sea fishing,<a href="#cite_note-434">[430]</a> <a href="/wiki/Whale_watching" title="Whale watching">whale watching</a>,<a href="#cite_note-435">[431]</a> downhill and cross-country skiing,<a href="#cite_note-436">[432]</a> and hunting.<a href="#cite_note-437">[433]</a> Massachusetts is one of the states with the largest percentage of <a href="/wiki/Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic">Catholics</a>. It has many sanctuaries such as the <a href="/wiki/National_Shrine_of_The_Divine_Mercy_(Stockbridge,_Massachusetts)" title="National Shrine of The Divine Mercy (Stockbridge, Massachusetts)">National Shrine of The Divine Mercy (Stockbridge, Massachusetts)</a>.<a href="#cite_note-438">[434]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media">Media</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Massachusetts&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Media">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_television_stations_in_Massachusetts" title="List of television stations in Massachusetts">List of television stations in Massachusetts</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_Massachusetts" title="List of newspapers in Massachusetts">List of newspapers in Massachusetts</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_Massachusetts" title="List of radio stations in Massachusetts">List of radio stations in Massachusetts</a></div> There are two major television media markets located in Massachusetts. The Boston/Manchester market is the fifth-largest in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-439">[435]</a> The other market surrounds the Springfield area.<a href="#cite_note-440">[436]</a> <a href="/wiki/WGBH-TV" title="WGBH-TV">WGBH-TV</a> in Boston is a major public television station and produces national programs such as <a href="/wiki/Nova_(American_TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nova (American TV series)">Nova</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frontline_(U.S._TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Frontline (U.S. TV series)">Frontline</a>, and <a href="/wiki/American_Experience" title="American Experience">American Experience</a>.<a href="#cite_note-441">[437]</a><a href="#cite_note-442">[438]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Boston_Globe" title="The Boston Globe">The Boston Globe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boston_Herald" title="Boston Herald">Boston Herald</a>, <a href="/wiki/Springfield_Republican" class="mw-redirect" title="Springfield Republican">Springfield Republican</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Worcester_Telegram_%26_Gazette" class="mw-redirect" title="Worcester Telegram & Gazette">Worcester Telegram & Gazette</a> are Massachusetts's largest daily newspapers.<a href="#cite_note-443">[439]</a> In addition, there are many community dailies and weeklies. The <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a> maintains a bureau in Boston, and local <a href="/wiki/News_wire" class="mw-redirect" title="News wire">news wire</a> the <a href="/wiki/State_House_News_Service" title="State House News Service">State House News Service</a> feeds coverage of state government to other Massachusetts media outlets. There are a number of major <a href="/wiki/AM_broadcasting" title="AM broadcasting">AM</a> and <a href="/wiki/FM_broadcasting" title="FM broadcasting">FM</a> stations which serve Massachusetts,<a href="#cite_note-444">[440]</a> along with many more regional and community-based stations. Some colleges and universities also operate campus television and radio stations, and print their own newspapers.<a href="#cite_note-445">[441]</a><a href="#cite_note-446">[442]</a><a href="#cite_note-447">[443]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Health">Health</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Massachusetts&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Health">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_hospitals_in_Massachusetts" title="List of hospitals in Massachusetts">List of hospitals in Massachusetts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_health_care_reform" title="Massachusetts health care reform">Massachusetts health care reform</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Governorship_of_Mitt_Romney#Health_care" title="Governorship of Mitt Romney">Governorship of Mitt Romney § Health care</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Healthcare_Costs_in_Massachusetts_-_Averaged_by_Medicare_Reimbursements_per_Enrollee.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Healthcare_Costs_in_Massachusetts_-_Averaged_by_Medicare_Reimbursements_per_Enrollee.png/220px-Healthcare_Costs_in_Massachusetts_-_Averaged_by_Medicare_Reimbursements_per_Enrollee.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Healthcare_Costs_in_Massachusetts_-_Averaged_by_Medicare_Reimbursements_per_Enrollee.png/330px-Healthcare_Costs_in_Massachusetts_-_Averaged_by_Medicare_Reimbursements_per_Enrollee.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Healthcare_Costs_in_Massachusetts_-_Averaged_by_Medicare_Reimbursements_per_Enrollee.png/440px-Healthcare_Costs_in_Massachusetts_-_Averaged_by_Medicare_Reimbursements_per_Enrollee.png 2x" data-file-width="1120" data-file-height="882" /></a><figcaption>Map showing the average Medicare reimbursement per enrollee for the counties in Massachusetts.<a href="#cite_note-448">[444]</a></figcaption></figure> Massachusetts generally ranks highly among states in most health and disease prevention categories. In 2015, the <a href="/wiki/UnitedHealth_Group" title="UnitedHealth Group">United Health Foundation</a> ranked the state as third-healthiest overall.<a href="#cite_note-449">[445]</a> Massachusetts has the most doctors per 100,000 residents (435.38),<a href="#cite_note-450">[446]</a><a href="#cite_note-451">[447]</a> the second-lowest <a href="/wiki/Infant_mortality_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="Infant mortality rate">infant mortality rate</a> (3.8),<a href="#cite_note-452">[448]</a><a href="#cite_note-453">[449]</a> and the lowest percentage of uninsured residents (children as well as the total population).<a href="#cite_note-454">[450]</a><a href="#cite_note-455">[451]</a><a href="#cite_note-456">[452]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Business_Insider" title="Business Insider">Business Insider</a>, commonwealth residents have an average life expectancy of 80.41 years, the <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_life_expectancy" title="List of U.S. states and territories by life expectancy">fifth-longest</a> in the country.<a href="#cite_note-457">[453]</a><a href="#cite_note-458">[454]</a> 36.1% of the population is overweight and 24.4% is obese,<a href="#cite_note-CDC1-459">[455]</a> and Massachusetts ranks sixth-highest in the percentage of residents who are considered neither obese nor overweight (39.5%).<a href="#cite_note-CDC1-459">[455]</a> Massachusetts also ranks above average in the prevalence of <a href="/wiki/Binge_drinking" title="Binge drinking">binge drinking</a>, which is the 20th-highest in the country.<a href="#cite_note-460">[456]</a><a href="#cite_note-461">[457]</a> The nation's first <a href="/wiki/Marine_Hospital_Service" title="Marine Hospital Service">Marine Hospital</a> was erected by federal order in Boston in 1799.<a href="#cite_note-462">[458]</a><a href="#cite_note-463">[459]</a> There are currently a total of 143 hospitals in the state.<a href="#cite_note-464">[460]</a> According to 2015 rankings by <a href="/wiki/U.S._News_%26_World_Report" title="U.S. News & World Report">U.S. News & World Report</a>, <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_General_Hospital" title="Massachusetts General Hospital">Massachusetts General Hospital</a> is ranked in the top three in two health care specialties.<a href="#cite_note-465">[461]</a> Massachusetts General Hospital was founded in 1811 and serves as the largest teaching hospital for nearby <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a>.<a href="#cite_note-466">[462]</a> The state of Massachusetts is a center for medical education and research including Harvard affiliates <a href="/wiki/Brigham_and_Women%27s_Hospital" title="Brigham and Women's Hospital">Brigham and Women's Hospital</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beth_Israel_Deaconess_Medical_Center" title="Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center">Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dana%E2%80%93Farber_Cancer_Institute" title="Dana–Farber Cancer Institute">Dana–Farber Cancer Institute</a><a href="#cite_note-467">[463]</a> as well as the <a href="/wiki/New_England_Baptist_Hospital" title="New England Baptist Hospital">New England Baptist Hospital</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tufts_Medical_Center" title="Tufts Medical Center">Tufts Medical Center</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Boston_Medical_Center" title="Boston Medical Center">Boston Medical Center</a> which is the primary teaching hospital for <a href="/wiki/Boston_University" title="Boston University">Boston University</a>.<a href="#cite_note-468">[464]</a> The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Massachusetts_Chan_Medical_School" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School">University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School</a> is located in <a href="/wiki/Worcester,_Massachusetts" title="Worcester, Massachusetts">Worcester</a>.<a href="#cite_note-469">[465]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_College_of_Pharmacy_and_Health_Sciences" title="Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences">Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences</a> has two of its three campuses in Boston and Worcester.<a href="#cite_note-470">[466]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sports">Sports</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Massachusetts&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Sports">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sports_in_Massachusetts" title="Sports in Massachusetts">Sports in Massachusetts</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gillette_Stadium_Foxboro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Gillette_Stadium_Foxboro.jpg/280px-Gillette_Stadium_Foxboro.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Gillette_Stadium_Foxboro.jpg/420px-Gillette_Stadium_Foxboro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Gillette_Stadium_Foxboro.jpg/560px-Gillette_Stadium_Foxboro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>Gillette Stadium in <a href="/wiki/Foxborough,_Massachusetts" title="Foxborough, Massachusetts">Foxborough</a> is the home venue for the <a href="/wiki/New_England_Patriots" title="New England Patriots">New England Patriots</a> (NFL) and the <a href="/wiki/New_England_Revolution" title="New England Revolution">New England Revolution</a> (MLS)</figcaption></figure> Massachusetts is home to five major league professional sports teams: eighteen-time <a href="/wiki/NBA_Finals" title="NBA Finals">NBA Champions</a> <a href="/wiki/Boston_Celtics" title="Boston Celtics">Boston Celtics</a>,<a href="#cite_note-471">[467]</a> nine-time <a href="/wiki/World_Series" title="World Series">World Series</a> winners <a href="/wiki/Boston_Red_Sox" title="Boston Red Sox">Boston Red Sox</a>,<a href="#cite_note-472">[468]</a> six-time <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Cup" title="Stanley Cup">Stanley Cup</a> winners <a href="/wiki/Boston_Bruins" title="Boston Bruins">Boston Bruins</a>,<a href="#cite_note-473">[469]</a> six-time <a href="/wiki/Super_Bowl" title="Super Bowl">Super Bowl</a> winners <a href="/wiki/New_England_Patriots" title="New England Patriots">New England Patriots</a>,<a href="#cite_note-474">[470]</a> and five-time <a href="/wiki/MLS_Cup" title="MLS Cup">MLS Cup</a> finalists <a href="/wiki/New_England_Revolution" title="New England Revolution">New England Revolution</a>.<a href="#cite_note-475">[471]</a> In the late 19th century, the <a href="/wiki/Olympics" class="mw-redirect" title="Olympics">Olympic</a> sports of basketball<a href="#cite_note-basketball-476">[472]</a> and volleyball<a href="#cite_note-volleyball-477">[473]</a> were invented in the Western Massachusetts cities of <a href="/wiki/Springfield,_Massachusetts" title="Springfield, Massachusetts">Springfield</a><a href="#cite_note-basketball-476">[472]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Holyoke" class="mw-redirect" title="Holyoke">Holyoke</a>,<a href="#cite_note-volleyball-477">[473]</a> respectively. The <a href="/wiki/Basketball_Hall_of_Fame" class="mw-redirect" title="Basketball Hall of Fame">Basketball Hall of Fame</a> is a major tourist destination in the City of Springfield and the <a href="/wiki/Volleyball_Hall_of_Fame" class="mw-redirect" title="Volleyball Hall of Fame">Volleyball Hall of Fame</a> is located in Holyoke.<a href="#cite_note-volleyball-477">[473]</a> The <a href="/wiki/American_Hockey_League" title="American Hockey League">American Hockey League</a> (AHL), the <a href="/wiki/National_Hockey_League" title="National Hockey League">NHL</a>'s development league, is headquartered in Springfield.<a href="#cite_note-478">[474]</a> Several universities in Massachusetts are notable for their collegiate athletics. The state is home to two <a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_I_Football_Bowl_Subdivision" title="NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision">Division I FBS</a> teams, <a href="/wiki/Boston_College" title="Boston College">Boston College</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Coast_Conference" title="Atlantic Coast Conference">Atlantic Coast Conference</a>, and FBS <a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_I_FBS_independent_schools" title="NCAA Division I FBS independent schools">Independent</a> <a href="/wiki/University_of_Massachusetts_Amherst" title="University of Massachusetts Amherst">University of Massachusetts at Amherst</a>. <a href="/wiki/Football_Championship_Subdivision" class="mw-redirect" title="Football Championship Subdivision">FCS</a> play includes <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a>, which competes in the famed <a href="/wiki/Ivy_League" title="Ivy League">Ivy League</a>, and <a href="/wiki/College_of_the_Holy_Cross" title="College of the Holy Cross">College of the Holy Cross</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Patriot_League" title="Patriot League">Patriot League</a>. <a href="/wiki/Boston_University" title="Boston University">Boston University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northeastern_University_(Boston,_Massachusetts)" class="mw-redirect" title="Northeastern University (Boston, Massachusetts)">Northeastern University</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Massachusetts_Lowell" title="University of Massachusetts Lowell">UMASS Lowell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stonehill_College" title="Stonehill College">Stonehill College</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Merrimack_College" title="Merrimack College">Merrimack College</a> also participate in Division I athletics.<a href="#cite_note-479">[475]</a><a href="#cite_note-480">[476]</a> Many other Massachusetts colleges compete in lower divisions such as <a href="/wiki/Division_III_(NCAA)" class="mw-redirect" title="Division III (NCAA)">Division III</a>, where <a href="/wiki/MIT" class="mw-redirect" title="MIT">MIT</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tufts_University" title="Tufts University">Tufts University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amherst_College" title="Amherst College">Amherst College</a>, <a href="/wiki/Williams_College" title="Williams College">Williams College</a>, and others field competitive teams.<a href="#cite_note-481">[477]</a> Massachusetts is also the home of rowing events such as the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Sprints" title="Eastern Sprints">Eastern Sprints</a> on <a href="/wiki/Lake_Quinsigamond" title="Lake Quinsigamond">Lake Quinsigamond</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Head_of_the_Charles_Regatta" title="Head of the Charles Regatta">Head of the Charles Regatta</a>.<a href="#cite_note-482">[478]</a> A number of major golf events have taken place in Massachusetts, including nine <a href="/wiki/U.S._Open_(golf)" title="U.S. Open (golf)">U.S. Opens</a> and two <a href="/wiki/Ryder_Cup" title="Ryder Cup">Ryder Cups</a>.<a href="#cite_note-483">[479]</a><a href="#cite_note-484">[480]</a> Massachusetts has produced several successful Olympians including <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Burke_(athlete)" title="Thomas Burke (athlete)">Thomas Burke</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Brendan_Connolly" title="James Brendan Connolly">James Connolly</a>, and <a href="/wiki/John_Thomas_(athlete)" title="John Thomas (athlete)">John Thomas</a> (<a href="/wiki/Track_and_field_at_the_Summer_Olympics" class="mw-redirect" title="Track and field at the Summer Olympics">track and field</a>); <a href="/wiki/Butch_Johnson" title="Butch Johnson">Butch Johnson</a> (<a href="/wiki/Archery_at_the_Summer_Olympics" title="Archery at the Summer Olympics">archery</a>); <a href="/wiki/Nancy_Kerrigan" title="Nancy Kerrigan">Nancy Kerrigan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Figure_skating_at_the_Olympic_Games" title="Figure skating at the Olympic Games">figure skating</a>); <a href="/wiki/Todd_Richards_(snowboarder)" title="Todd Richards (snowboarder)">Todd Richards</a> (<a href="/wiki/Snowboarding_at_the_Winter_Olympics" title="Snowboarding at the Winter Olympics">snowboarding</a>); <a href="/wiki/Albina_Osipowich" title="Albina Osipowich">Albina Osipowich</a> (<a href="/wiki/Swimming_at_the_Summer_Olympics" title="Swimming at the Summer Olympics">swimming</a>); <a href="/wiki/Aly_Raisman" title="Aly Raisman">Aly Raisman</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_Summer_Olympics" title="Gymnastics at the Summer Olympics">gymnastics</a>); <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Ewing" title="Patrick Ewing">Patrick Ewing</a> (<a href="/wiki/Basketball_at_the_Summer_Olympics" title="Basketball at the Summer Olympics">basketball</a>); <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Nedoroscik" title="Stephen Nedoroscik">Stephen Nedoroscik</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pommel_horse_at_the_Olympics" title="Pommel horse at the Olympics">pommel horse</a>); as well as <a href="/wiki/Jim_Craig_(ice_hockey)" title="Jim Craig (ice hockey)">Jim Craig</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mike_Eruzione" title="Mike Eruzione">Mike Eruzione</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bill_Cleary_(ice_hockey)" title="Bill Cleary (ice hockey)">Bill Cleary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Keith_Tkachuk" title="Keith Tkachuk">Keith Tkachuk</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey_at_the_Olympic_Games" title="Ice hockey at the Olympic Games">ice hockey</a>).<a href="#cite_note-485">[481]</a><a href="#cite_note-486">[482]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Massachusetts&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Massachusetts" title="Administrative divisions of Massachusetts">Administrative divisions of Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Massachusetts-related_articles" title="Index of Massachusetts-related articles">Index of Massachusetts-related articles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Massachusetts" title="Outline of Massachusetts">Outline of Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Bay_Colony" title="Massachusetts Bay Colony">Massachusetts Bay Colony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Massachusetts" title="USS Massachusetts">USS Massachusetts</a>, 8 ships</li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Massachusetts" title="USS Massachusetts">USRC Massachusetts</a>, 2 ships</li> <li><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg/32px-Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg/48px-Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg/64px-Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="900" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Massachusetts" title="Portal:Massachusetts">Massachusetts portal</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Massachusetts&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> Elevation adjusted to <a href="/wiki/North_American_Vertical_Datum_of_1988" title="North American Vertical Datum of 1988">North American Vertical Datum of 1988</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> Massachusetts is one of <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_(U.S._state)" title="Commonwealth (U.S. state)">only four U.S. states</a> to use the term "Commonwealth" in its official name, along with <a href="/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">Kentucky</a>, <a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-213"><a href="#cite_ref-213">^</a> Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin are not distinguished between total and partial ancestry. </li> </ol></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> Per the <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020 United States census</a>, its highest <a href="/wiki/United_States_census" title="United States census">decennial count</a> ever. </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Massachusetts&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHerman2008" class="citation book cs1">Herman, Jennifer (2008). Massachusetts Encyclopedia. State History Publications, LLC. p. 7. <q>Various nicknames have been given to describe Massachusetts, including the Bay State, the Old Bay State, the Pilgrim State, the Puritan State, the Old Colony State and, less often, the Baked Bean State</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Massachusetts+Encyclopedia&rft.pages=7&rft.pub=State+History+Publications%2C+LLC.&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Herman&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassachusetts" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150821061951/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/25000.html">"Massachusetts"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/25000.html">the original</a> on August 21, 2015. Retrieved June 10, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Massachusetts&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fquickfacts.census.gov%2Fqfd%2Fstates%2F25000.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassachusetts" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/2010/geo/state-area.html">"State Area Measurements and Internal Point Coordinates"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=State+Area+Measurements+and+Internal+Point+Coordinates&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fgeographies%2Freference-files%2F2010%2Fgeo%2Fstate-area.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassachusetts" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ngs.noaa.gov/cgi-bin/ds_mark.prl?PidBox=MZ1957">"Greylock RM 1 Reset"</a>. NGS Data Sheet. <a href="/wiki/U.S._National_Geodetic_Survey" title="U.S. National Geodetic Survey">National Geodetic Survey</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Commerce" title="United States Department of Commerce">United States Department of Commerce</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NGS+Data+Sheet&rft.atitle=Greylock+RM+1+Reset&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ngs.noaa.gov%2Fcgi-bin%2Fds_mark.prl%3FPidBox%3DMZ1957&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassachusetts" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Census_Quick_Facts:_Mass-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Census_Quick_Facts:_Mass_6-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Census_Quick_Facts:_Mass_6-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/MA">"US Census Bureau Quick Facts: Massachusetts"</a>. census.gov. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230307190625/https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/MA">Archived</a> from the original on March 7, 2023. Retrieved April 15, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=census.gov&rft.atitle=US+Census+Bureau+Quick+Facts%3A+Massachusetts&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fquickfacts%2FMA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassachusetts" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/MA/INC110221?currentTimeframe=0">"Median Annual Household Income"</a>. US Census Bureau. Retrieved July 1, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Median+Annual+Household+Income&rft.pub=US+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fquickfacts%2Ffact%2Ftable%2FMA%2FINC110221%3FcurrentTimeframe%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassachusetts" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://malegislature.gov/Laws/GeneralLaws/PartI/TitleI/Chapter2/Section35">"Massachusetts General Laws, Chapter 2, Section 35: Designation of citizens of commonwealth"</a>. The General Court of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Retrieved July 21, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Massachusetts+General+Laws%2C+Chapter+2%2C+Section+35%3A+Designation+of+citizens+of+commonwealth&rft.pub=The+General+Court+of+the+Commonwealth+of+Massachusetts&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmalegislature.gov%2FLaws%2FGeneralLaws%2FPartI%2FTitleI%2FChapter2%2FSection35&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassachusetts" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGavin2019" class="citation web cs1">Gavin, Christopher (August 5, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boston.com/news/local-news/2019/08/05/massachusetts-nickname/">"'Massachusettsan?' Bay Staters and Massholes are perplexed by this word for Mass. natives"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Boston.com" title="Boston.com">Boston.com</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Boston_Globe" title="The Boston Globe">The Boston Globe</a>. <q>If you hail from Massachusetts, you may consider yourself a few things. A Bay Stater. A Bostonian, perhaps. Maybe even a Masshole.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Boston.com&rft.atitle=%27Massachusettsan%3F%27+Bay+Staters+and+Massholes+are+perplexed+by+this+word+for+Mass.+natives&rft.date=2019-08-05&rft.aulast=Gavin&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.boston.com%2Fnews%2Flocal-news%2F2019%2F08%2F05%2Fmassachusetts-nickname%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassachusetts" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQuinn2015" class="citation magazine cs1">Quinn, Garrett (June 25, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bostonmagazine.com/news/2015/06/25/masshole-added-oxford-english-dictionary/">"Rejoice! Oxford English Dictionary Adds 'Masshole'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Boston_(magazine)" title="Boston (magazine)">Boston (magazine)</a>. <q>My fellow Massholes, we've finally arrived. The Oxford English Dictionary, the authoritative book on the English language, has included "Masshole" in its list of 500 new words to be officially added to its pages.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Boston+%28magazine%29&rft.atitle=Rejoice%21+Oxford+English+Dictionary+Adds+%27Masshole%27&rft.date=2015-06-25&rft.aulast=Quinn&rft.aufirst=Garrett&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bostonmagazine.com%2Fnews%2F2015%2F06%2F25%2Fmasshole-added-oxford-english-dictionary%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassachusetts" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBuell2018" class="citation magazine cs1">Buell, Spencer (November 1, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bostonmagazine.com/news/2018/11/01/massholes-not-assholes-question-3/">""We're Massholes, Not Assholes": A New Question 3 Ad Stars a Foul-Mouthed Bostonian"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Boston_(magazine)" title="Boston (magazine)">Boston (magazine)</a>. <q>"I know some people question the use of our words," says Kelly Fredrickson, president of MullenLowe Boston. "But I'm from here and I'm a proud Masshole. I've been raised in a state that protects all our liberties and I want those to exist for my kids."</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Boston+%28magazine%29&rft.atitle=%22We%27re+Massholes%2C+Not+Assholes%22%3A+A+New+Question+3+Ad+Stars+a+Foul-Mouthed+Bostonian&rft.date=2018-11-01&rft.aulast=Buell&rft.aufirst=Spencer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bostonmagazine.com%2Fnews%2F2018%2F11%2F01%2Fmassholes-not-assholes-question-3%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassachusetts" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBuell2019" class="citation magazine cs1">Buell, Spencer (August 19, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bostonmagazine.com/news/2019/08/19/ken-jennings-masshole">"Ken Jennings' Gentle and Sweet Redefinition of "Masshole""</a>. <a href="/wiki/Boston_(magazine)" title="Boston (magazine)">Boston (magazine)</a>. <q>In a tweet on Sunday, Jennings offered his take on the word, which is sometimes used as an insult, but just as often worn as a badge of honor.…But ours is not a state that historically listens to dictums from the British, and "term of contempt" or not, locals seem to have adopted "Masshole" as a descriptor.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Boston+%28magazine%29&rft.atitle=Ken+Jennings%27+Gentle+and+Sweet+Redefinition+of+%22Masshole%22&rft.date=2019-08-19&rft.aulast=Buell&rft.aufirst=Spencer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bostonmagazine.com%2Fnews%2F2019%2F08%2F19%2Fken-jennings-masshole&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassachusetts" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFaraonePramas2020" class="citation news cs1">Faraone, Chris; Pramas, Jason (November 12, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digboston.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/DM_1108web.pdf">"Editor's Note: Gloves Off"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/DigBoston" title="DigBoston">DigBoston</a>. <q>Running a state is hard at the best of times and these are worse times than most Mass residents have ever experienced.…We're all just one big happy Masshole family, right?</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=DigBoston&rft.atitle=Editor%27s+Note%3A+Gloves+Off&rft.date=2020-11-12&rft.aulast=Faraone&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft.au=Pramas%2C+Jason&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigboston.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2020%2F11%2FDM_1108web.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassachusetts" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcGinnesScaleseCreamerKaufman2024" class="citation news cs1">McGinnes, Meagan; Scalese, Roberto; Creamer, Lisa; Kaufman, Jill (June 25, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wbur.org/news/2024/06/25/massachusetts-day-trips-cape-boston-worcester-springfield-berkshires">"Day trips in Massachusetts: Hikes, history made fun, ice cream and unofficial hot dog tours"</a>. <a href="/wiki/WBUR-FM" title="WBUR-FM">WBUR-FM</a>. <q>There are the North and South shores, which to an untrained eye look alike but to a Masshole are completely different planets.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=WBUR-FM&rft.atitle=Day+trips+in+Massachusetts%3A+Hikes%2C+history+made+fun%2C+ice+cream+and+unofficial+hot+dog+tours&rft.date=2024-06-25&rft.aulast=McGinnes&rft.aufirst=Meagan&rft.au=Scalese%2C+Roberto&rft.au=Creamer%2C+Lisa&rft.au=Kaufman%2C+Jill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wbur.org%2Fnews%2F2024%2F06%2F25%2Fmassachusetts-day-trips-cape-boston-worcester-springfield-berkshires&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassachusetts" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rdbnCkXB2RwC">"Collections"</a>. Boston: <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Historical_Society" title="Massachusetts Historical Society">Massachusetts Historical Society</a>. 1877. p. 435. Retrieved June 10, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Collections&rft.place=Boston&rft.pages=435&rft.pub=Massachusetts+Historical+Society&rft.date=1877&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrdbnCkXB2RwC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassachusetts" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones1879" class="citation book cs1">Jones, Thomas (1879). DeLancey, Edward Floyd (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historynewyorkd01jonegoog">History of New York During the Revolutionary War</a>. New York: <a href="/wiki/New-York_Historical_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="New-York Historical Society">New-York Historical Society</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historynewyorkd01jonegoog/page/n555">465</a>. 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Retrieved December 29, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=States+where+English+is+the+official+language&rft.date=2014-08-12&rft.aulast=Schwarz&rft.aufirst=Hunter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fblogs%2Fgovbeat%2Fwp%2F2014%2F08%2F12%2Fstates-where-english-is-the-official-language%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassachusetts" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.migrationpolicy.org/data/state-profiles/state/language/MA">"Massachusetts Language & Education"</a>. <a href="/wiki/American_FactFinder" class="mw-redirect" title="American FactFinder">American FactFinder</a>. 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Retrieved April 20, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Blue+Hills+of+Massachusetts%3A+Massachusetts+State+Poem&rft.pub=StateSymbolsUSA.org&rft.date=2014-05-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.statesymbolsusa.org%2Fsymbol-official-item%2Fmassachusetts%2Fstate-language-poetry%2Fblue-hills-massachusetts&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassachusetts" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ereferencedesk.com/resources/state-slogans/">"State Slogans"</a>. Ereferencedesk.com. 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Retrieved April 17, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Black-Capped+Chickadee%3AMassachusetts+State+Bird&rft.pub=StateSymbolsUSA.org&rft.date=2014-05-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.statesymbolsusa.org%2Fsymbol-official-item%2Fmassachusetts%2Fstate-bird%2Fblack-capped-chickadee&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassachusetts" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statesymbolsusa.org/symbol-official-item/massachusetts/state-bird/wild-turkey">"Wild Turkey: Massachusetts State Game Bird"</a>. StateSymbolsUSA.org. May 22, 2014. 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Retrieved April 18, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cod%3A+Massachusetts+State+Fish&rft.pub=StateSymbolsUSA.org&rft.date=2014-05-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.statesymbolsusa.org%2Fsymbol-official-item%2Fmassachusetts%2Fstate-fish-aquatic-life%2Fcod&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassachusetts" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statesymbolsusa.org/symbol-official-item/massachusetts/state-flower/mayflower">"Mayflower: Massachusetts State Flower"</a>. StateSymbolsUSA.org. May 20, 2014. 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Retrieved April 18, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Boston+Terrier%3A+Massachusetts+State+Dog&rft.pub=StateSymbolsUSA.org&rft.date=2014-05-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.statesymbolsusa.org%2Fsymbol-official-item%2Fmassachusetts%2Fstate-dog-cat-state-mammal%2Fboston-terrier&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassachusetts" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statesymbolsusa.org/symbol-official-item/massachusetts/state-reptile/garter-snake">"Garter Snake: Massachusetts State Reptile"</a>. StateSymbolsUSA.org. May 21, 2014. 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Retrieved December 4, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Same-Sex+Couples+Since+1990&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Finteractive%2F2011%2F08%2F25%2Fus%2Fsame-sex-couples-since-1990.html%3Fref%3Dus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassachusetts" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-225"><a href="#cite_ref-225">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov">"People Reporting Ancestry – 2012–2016 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates"</a>. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved August 25, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=People+Reporting+Ancestry+%E2%80%93+2012%E2%80%932016+American+Community+Survey+5-Year+Estimates&rft.pub=U.S.+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassachusetts" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-citydata2000-226"><a href="#cite_ref-citydata2000_226-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.city-data.com/states/Massachusetts-Ethnic-groups.html">"Massachusetts—Ethnic groups"</a>. City-Data.com. Retrieved April 26, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Massachusetts%E2%80%94Ethnic+groups&rft.pub=City-Data.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.city-data.com%2Fstates%2FMassachusetts-Ethnic-groups.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassachusetts" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-227"><a href="#cite_ref-227">^</a> For Bristol County see <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200213025726/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/10_5YR/DP02/0500000US25005">"DP02 Selected Social Characteristics in the United States—2006–2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/10_5YR/DP02/0500000US25005">the original</a> on February 13, 2020. Retrieved January 12, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=DP02+Selected+Social+Characteristics+in+the+United+States%E2%80%942006%E2%80%932010+American+Community+Survey+5-Year+Estimates&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffactfinder.census.gov%2Fbkmk%2Ftable%2F1.0%2Fen%2FACS%2F10_5YR%2FDP02%2F0500000US25005&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassachusetts" class="Z3988"> <dl><dd><ul><li>For Hampden County see <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200213010213/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/10_5YR/DP02/0500000US25013">"DP02 Selected Social Characteristics in the United States—2006–2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/10_5YR/DP02/0500000US25013">the original</a> on February 13, 2020. Retrieved January 12, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=DP02+Selected+Social+Characteristics+in+the+United+States%E2%80%942006%E2%80%932010+American+Community+Survey+5-Year+Estimates&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffactfinder.census.gov%2Fbkmk%2Ftable%2F1.0%2Fen%2FACS%2F10_5YR%2FDP02%2F0500000US25013&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassachusetts" class="Z3988"></li> <li>For Worcester County see <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200213020310/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/10_5YR/DP02/0500000US25027">"DP02 Selected Social Characteristics in the United States—2006–2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/10_5YR/DP02/0500000US25027">the original</a> on February 13, 2020. Retrieved January 12, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=DP02+Selected+Social+Characteristics+in+the+United+States%E2%80%942006%E2%80%932010+American+Community+Survey+5-Year+Estimates&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffactfinder.census.gov%2Fbkmk%2Ftable%2F1.0%2Fen%2FACS%2F10_5YR%2FDP02%2F0500000US25027&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassachusetts" class="Z3988"></li></ul></dd></dl> </li> <li id="cite_note-228"><a href="#cite_ref-228">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchweitzer2010" class="citation news cs1">Schweitzer, Sarah (February 15, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boston.com/news/local/massachusetts/articles/2010/02/15/lowell_hopes_to_put_little_cambodia_on_the_map/">"Lowell hopes to put 'Little Cambodia' on the map"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Boston_Globe" title="The Boston Globe">The Boston Globe</a>. Retrieved May 31, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Boston+Globe&rft.atitle=Lowell+hopes+to+put+%27Little+Cambodia%27+on+the+map&rft.date=2010-02-15&rft.aulast=Schweitzer&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.boston.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fmassachusetts%2Farticles%2F2010%2F02%2F15%2Flowell_hopes_to_put_little_cambodia_on_the_map%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassachusetts" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-229"><a href="#cite_ref-229">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov">"2011–2015 American Community Survey Selected Population Tables"</a>. Retrieved August 10, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2011%E2%80%932015+American+Community+Survey+Selected+Population+Tables&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassachusetts" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-230"><a href="#cite_ref-230">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.gov/nagpra/DOCUMENTS/ResMAP.HTM">"Indian Reservations in the Continental United States"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a>. Retrieved May 7, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Indian+Reservations+in+the+Continental+United+States&rft.pub=National+Park+Service&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Fnagpra%2FDOCUMENTS%2FResMAP.HTM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassachusetts" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrownTager2000180–82-231"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrownTager2000180–82_231-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBrownTager2000">Brown & Tager 2000</a>, pp. 180–82. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrownTager2000257–58-232"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrownTager2000257–58_232-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBrownTager2000">Brown & Tager 2000</a>, pp. 257–58. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrownTager2000300–4-233"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrownTager2000300–4_233-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBrownTager2000">Brown & Tager 2000</a>, pp. 300–4. </li> <li id="cite_note-234"><a href="#cite_ref-234">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.census.gov/table?q=p004&g=040XX00US25">"Explore Census Data"</a>. data.census.gov.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=data.census.gov&rft.atitle=Explore+Census+Data&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.census.gov%2Ftable%3Fq%3Dp004%26g%3D040XX00US25&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassachusetts" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-235"><a href="#cite_ref-235">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.census.gov/table/DECENNIALPL2010.P2?q=p2&t=Race+and+Ethnicity&g=040XX00US25">"Explore Census Data"</a>. data.census.gov.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=data.census.gov&rft.atitle=Explore+Census+Data&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.census.gov%2Ftable%2FDECENNIALPL2010.P2%3Fq%3Dp2%26t%3DRace%2Band%2BEthnicity%26g%3D040XX00US25&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassachusetts" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-236"><a href="#cite_ref-236">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.census.gov/table?q=p2&t=Race+and+Ethnicity&g=040XX00US25">"Explore Census Data"</a>. data.census.gov.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=data.census.gov&rft.atitle=Explore+Census+Data&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.census.gov%2Ftable%3Fq%3Dp2%26t%3DRace%2Band%2BEthnicity%26g%3D040XX00US25&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassachusetts" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-237"><a href="#cite_ref-237">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIrwinNagy" class="citation web cs1">Irwin, Patricia; Nagy, Naomi. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://repository.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1009&context=pwpl">"Bostonians /r/ Speaking: A Quantitative Look at (R) in Boston"</a>. University of Pennsylvania. Retrieved April 26, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bostonians+%2Fr%2F+Speaking%3A+A+Quantitative+Look+at+%28R%29+in+Boston&rft.pub=University+of+Pennsylvania&rft.aulast=Irwin&rft.aufirst=Patricia&rft.au=Nagy%2C+Naomi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frepository.upenn.edu%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D1009%26context%3Dpwpl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassachusetts" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-MLA_Data-238">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MLA_Data_238-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MLA_Data_238-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mla.org/map_data">"Massachusetts"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Modern_Language_Association" title="Modern Language Association">Modern Language Association</a>. Retrieved August 21, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Massachusetts&rft.pub=Modern+Language+Association&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mla.org%2Fmap_data&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassachusetts" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-239"><a href="#cite_ref-239">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStaff2023" class="citation web cs1">Staff (February 24, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ava.prri.org/#religious/2022/States/religion/m/US-MA">"PRRI – American Values Atlas: Religious Tradition in Massachusetts"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Public_Religion_Research_Institute" title="Public Religion Research Institute">Public Religion Research Institute</a>. Retrieved April 3, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Public+Religion+Research+Institute&rft.atitle=PRRI+%E2%80%93+American+Values+Atlas%3A+Religious+Tradition+in+Massachusetts&rft.date=2023-02-24&rft.au=Staff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fava.prri.org%2F%23religious%2F2022%2FStates%2Freligion%2Fm%2FUS-MA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassachusetts" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldfieldAbbottAndersonArgersinger199829–30-240"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoldfieldAbbottAndersonArgersinger199829–30_240-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGoldfieldAbbottAndersonArgersinger1998">Goldfield et al. 1998</a>, pp. 29–30. </li> <li id="cite_note-241"><a href="#cite_ref-241">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uua.org/headquarters">"Headquarters of the Unitarian Universalist Association"</a>. Unitarian Universalist Association. Retrieved April 27, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Headquarters+of+the+Unitarian+Universalist+Association&rft.pub=Unitarian+Universalist+Association&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uua.org%2Fheadquarters&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassachusetts" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-242"><a href="#cite_ref-242">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150417012851/http://www.uua.org/news/press-release/uua-sell-its-beacon-hill-properties-move-innovation-district">"The UUA to Sell its Beacon Hill Properties, Move to Innovation District"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Unitarian_Universalist_Association" title="Unitarian Universalist Association">Unitarian Universalist Association</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uua.org/news/press-release/uua-sell-its-beacon-hill-properties-move-innovation-district">the original</a> on April 17, 2015. Retrieved April 10, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+UUA+to+Sell+its+Beacon+Hill+Properties%2C+Move+to+Innovation+District&rft.pub=Unitarian+Universalist+Association&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uua.org%2Fnews%2Fpress-release%2Fuua-sell-its-beacon-hill-properties-move-innovation-district&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassachusetts" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-243"><a href="#cite_ref-243">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPellegrino2015" class="citation thesis cs1">Pellegrino, Nicholas (May 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/thesesdissertations/2410/">Reviving a Spirit of Controversy: Roman Catholics and the Pursuit of Religious Freedom in Early America</a> (PhD dissertation). University of Nevada, Las Vegas. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.34917%2F7646017">10.34917/7646017</a>. 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Retrieved January 11, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NPR&rft.atitle=Massachusetts+Senate+Overrides+Veto%2C+Passes+Law+Expanding+Abortion+Access&rft.date=2020-12-29&rft.aulast=Romo&rft.aufirst=Vanessa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2020%2F12%2F29%2F951259506%2Fmassachusetts-senate-overrides-veto-passes-law-expanding-abortion-access&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassachusetts" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-392"><a href="#cite_ref-392">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStaff2023" class="citation web cs1">Staff (February 24, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ava.prri.org/#lgbt/2022/States/lgbt_ssm/m/US-MA">"American Values Atlas: Approval of Same-Sex Marriage in Massachusetts"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Public_Religion_Research_Institute" title="Public Religion Research Institute">Public Religion Research Institute</a>. 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May 30, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ranking+the+Top+50+Athletes+from+Massachusetts&rft.date=2017-05-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.masslive.com%2Fsports%2F2017%2F05%2Franking_the_top_50_athletes_fr.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassachusetts" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Massachusetts&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: Bibliography">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarth2014" class="citation journal cs1">Barth, Jonathan Edward (2014). 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New England's Outpost: Acadia Before the Conquest of Canada. New York, NY: Columbia University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7812-6367-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7812-6367-2"><bdi>978-0-7812-6367-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+England%27s+Outpost%3A+Acadia+Before+the+Conquest+of+Canada&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=1927&rft.isbn=978-0-7812-6367-2&rft.aulast=Brebner&rft.aufirst=John+Bartlet&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassachusetts" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrettell2003" class="citation book cs1">Brettell, Caroline (2003). Anthropology and Migration:Essays on Transnational Ethnicity and Identity. Walnut Creek, CA: <a href="/wiki/AltaMira_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="AltaMira Press">AltaMira Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7591-0320-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7591-0320-7"><bdi>978-0-7591-0320-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Anthropology+and+Migration%3AEssays+on+Transnational+Ethnicity+and+Identity&rft.place=Walnut+Creek%2C+CA&rft.pub=AltaMira+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-7591-0320-7&rft.aulast=Brettell&rft.aufirst=Caroline&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassachusetts" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrownTager2000" class="citation book cs1">Brown, Richard D; Tager, Jack (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/massachusettscon00brow">Massachusetts: A Concise History</a>. Amherst, MA: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Massachusetts_Press" title="University of Massachusetts Press">University of Massachusetts Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55849-248-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55849-248-6"><bdi>978-1-55849-248-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Massachusetts%3A+A+Concise+History&rft.place=Amherst%2C+MA&rft.pub=University+of+Massachusetts+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-1-55849-248-6&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Richard+D&rft.au=Tager%2C+Jack&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmassachusettscon00brow&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassachusetts" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDejnozkaGiffordKapelKapel1982" class="citation book cs1">Dejnozka, Edward L; Gifford, Charles S; Kapel, David E; Kapel, Marilyn B (1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/americaneducator0000dejn">American Educators' Encyclopedia</a>. Westport, CT: <a href="/wiki/Greenwood_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Greenwood Press">Greenwood Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-20954-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-20954-3"><bdi>978-0-313-20954-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=American+Educators%27+Encyclopedia&rft.place=Westport%2C+CT&rft.pub=Greenwood+Press&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=978-0-313-20954-3&rft.aulast=Dejnozka&rft.aufirst=Edward+L&rft.au=Gifford%2C+Charles+S&rft.au=Kapel%2C+David+E&rft.au=Kapel%2C+Marilyn+B&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Famericaneducator0000dejn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassachusetts" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoldfieldAbbottAndersonArgersinger1998" class="citation book cs1">Goldfield, David; Abbott, Carl; Anderson, Virginia DeJohn; Argersinger, Jo Ann E; Argersinger, Peter H; Barney, William L; Weir, Robert M (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/americanjourneyt00davi">The American Journey—A History of the United States</a>. Upper Saddle River, NJ: <a href="/wiki/Prentice_Hall" title="Prentice Hall">Prentice Hall</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-13-656562-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-13-656562-8"><bdi>978-0-13-656562-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+American+Journey%E2%80%94A+History+of+the+United+States&rft.place=Upper+Saddle+River%2C+NJ&rft.pub=Prentice+Hall&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-13-656562-8&rft.aulast=Goldfield&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Abbott%2C+Carl&rft.au=Anderson%2C+Virginia+DeJohn&rft.au=Argersinger%2C+Jo+Ann+E&rft.au=Argersinger%2C+Peter+H&rft.au=Barney%2C+William+L&rft.au=Weir%2C+Robert+M&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Famericanjourneyt00davi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassachusetts" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKoplow2004" class="citation book cs1">Koplow, David A (2004). Smallpox: The Fight to Eradicate a Global Scourge. Berkeley, CA: <a href="/wiki/University_of_California_Press" title="University of California Press">University of California Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-24220-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-24220-3"><bdi>978-0-520-24220-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Smallpox%3A+The+Fight+to+Eradicate+a+Global+Scourge&rft.place=Berkeley%2C+CA&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-520-24220-3&rft.aulast=Koplow&rft.aufirst=David+A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassachusetts" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSokolow1997" class="citation book cs1">Sokolow, Alvin D (1997). "Town and Township Government: Serving Rural and Suburban Communities". Handbook of Local Government Administration. New York, NY: Marcel Dekker. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8247-9782-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8247-9782-9"><bdi>978-0-8247-9782-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Town+and+Township+Government%3A+Serving+Rural+and+Suburban+Communities&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+Local+Government+Administration&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=Marcel+Dekker&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-8247-9782-9&rft.aulast=Sokolow&rft.aufirst=Alvin+D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassachusetts" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Massachusetts&action=edit&section=50" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Overviews_and_surveys">Overviews and surveys</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Massachusetts&action=edit&section=51" title="Edit section: Overviews and surveys">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Hall, Donald. ed. The Encyclopedia of New England (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Works_Progress_Administration" title="Works Progress Administration">Works Progress Administration</a>. Guide to Massachusetts (1939)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Secondary_sources">Secondary sources</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Massachusetts&action=edit&section=52" title="Edit section: Secondary sources">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Abrams, Richard M. Conservatism in a Progressive Era: Massachusetts Politics, 1900–1912 (1964)</li> <li>Adams, James Truslow. Revolutionary New England, 1691–1776 (1923)</li> <li>Adams, James Truslow. New England in the Republic, 1776–1850 (1926)</li> <li>Andrews, Charles M. The Fathers of New England: A Chronicle of the Puritan Commonwealths (1919), short survey</li> <li>Conforti, Joseph A. Imagining New England: Explorations of Regional Identity from the Pilgrims to the Mid-Twentieth Century (2001)</li> <li>Cumbler, John T. Reasonable Use: The People, the Environment, and the State, New England, 1790–1930 (1930), environmental history</li> <li>Fischer, David Hackett. Paul Revere's Ride (1994), 1775 in depth</li> <li>Flagg, Charles Allcott, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/aguidetomassach00flaggoog">A Guide to Massachusetts local history</a>, Salem : Salem Press Company, 1907.</li> <li>Green, James R., William F. Hartford, and Tom Juravich. Commonwealth of Toil: Chapters in the History of Massachusetts Workers and Their Unions (1996)</li> <li>Huthmacher, J. Joseph. Massachusetts People and Politics, 1919–1933 (1958)</li> <li>Labaree, Benjamin Woods. Colonial Massachusetts: A History (1979)</li> <li>Morison, Samuel Eliot. The Maritime History of Massachusetts, 1783–1860 (1921)</li> <li>Peirce, Neal R. The New England States: People, Politics, and Power in the Six New England States (1976), 1960–75 era</li> <li>Porter, Susan L. Women of the Commonwealth: Work, Family, and Social Change in Nineteenth-Century Massachusetts (1996)</li> <li>Sletcher, Michael. New England (2004).</li> <li>Starkey, Marion L. The Devil in Massachusetts (1949), Salem witches</li> <li>Tager, Jack, and John W. Ifkovic, eds. Massachusetts in the Gilded Age: Selected Essays (1985), ethnic groups</li> <li>Zimmerman, Joseph F. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.questia.com/library/book/the-new-england-town-meeting-democracy-in-action-by-joseph-f-zimmerman.jsp">The New England Town Meeting: Democracy in Action</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111123155020/http://www.questia.com/library/book/the-new-england-town-meeting-democracy-in-action-by-joseph-f-zimmerman.jsp">Archived</a> November 23, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (1999)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Massachusetts&action=edit&section=53" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> Massachusetts at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Massachusetts" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Massachusetts">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" class="extiw" title="c:Massachusetts">Media</a> from Commons</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Massachusetts" class="extiw" title="n:Category:Massachusetts">News</a> from Wikinews</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Portal:Massachusetts" class="extiw" title="s:Portal:Massachusetts">Texts</a> from Wikisource</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/54px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Massachusetts" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/Massachusetts">Textbooks</a> from Wikibooks</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/54px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Massachusetts" class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/Massachusetts">Resources</a> from Wikiversity</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/41px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/54px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Massachusetts" class="extiw" title="voy:Massachusetts">Travel information</a> from Wikivoyage</li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mass.gov/">Official website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.massvacation.com/">Massachusetts Office of Travel and Tourism</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/states/massachusetts/index.html">Massachusetts State Guide</a> from the Library of Congress</li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut">Connecticut</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_by_date_of_admission_to_the_Union" title="List of U.S. states by date of admission to the Union">List of U.S. states by date of admission to the Union</a> Ratified <a href="/wiki/United_States_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Constitution">Constitution</a> on February 6, 1788 (6th) </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": 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.navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Places_adjacent_to_Massachusetts" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Adjacent_communities" title="Template talk:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Places_adjacent_to_Massachusetts" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Places adjacent to Massachusetts</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><table role="presentation" style="width:100%; margin:0; text-align:center;"><tbody><tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Vermont.svg/23px-Flag_of_Vermont.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Vermont.svg/35px-Flag_of_Vermont.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Vermont.svg/46px-Flag_of_Vermont.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /> <a href="/wiki/Vermont" title="Vermont">Vermont</a></td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_New_Hampshire.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Hampshire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_New_Hampshire.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_Hampshire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_New_Hampshire.svg/45px-Flag_of_New_Hampshire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="660" data-file-height="440" /> <a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire" title="New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a></td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_New_Hampshire.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Hampshire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_New_Hampshire.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_Hampshire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_New_Hampshire.svg/45px-Flag_of_New_Hampshire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="660" data-file-height="440" /> <a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire" title="New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Maine.svg/19px-Flag_of_Maine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Maine.svg/29px-Flag_of_Maine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Maine.svg/38px-Flag_of_Maine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="6336" data-file-height="4992" /> <a href="/wiki/Maine" title="Maine">Maine</a> (15 miles (24 km) away)</td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/14px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/21px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/28px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td style="width:33%"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_New_York.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_York.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_New_York.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_York.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_New_York.svg/46px-Flag_of_New_York.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="450" /> <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a></td> <td style="width:33%;"> <div style="white-space:nowrap;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/17px-Pfeil_links.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/25px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/34px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg/23px-Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg/35px-Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg/46px-Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="900" /> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Massachusetts</a>: <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Massachusetts" title="Outline of Massachusetts">Outline</a> • <a href="/wiki/Index_of_Massachusetts-related_articles" title="Index of Massachusetts-related articles">Index</a><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/17px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/25px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/34px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></div> </td> <td style="width:33%">Atlantic Ocean</td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/14px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/21px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/28px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_New_Jersey.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Jersey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_New_Jersey.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_Jersey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_New_Jersey.svg/46px-Flag_of_New_Jersey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a></td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Flag_of_Connecticut.svg/19px-Flag_of_Connecticut.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Flag_of_Connecticut.svg/29px-Flag_of_Connecticut.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Flag_of_Connecticut.svg/38px-Flag_of_Connecticut.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="330" data-file-height="260" /> <a href="/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut">Connecticut</a> and <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Rhode_Island.svg/19px-Flag_of_Rhode_Island.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Rhode_Island.svg/30px-Flag_of_Rhode_Island.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Rhode_Island.svg/39px-Flag_of_Rhode_Island.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="660" data-file-height="580" /> <a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island" title="Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cape_Cod" title="Cape Cod">Cape Cod</a> <a href="/wiki/Martha%27s_Vineyard" title="Martha's Vineyard">Martha's Vineyard</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nantucket_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Nantucket Island">Nantucket Island</a></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Commonwealth_of_Massachusetts" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Massachusetts" title="Template:Massachusetts"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Massachusetts" title="Template talk:Massachusetts"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Massachusetts" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Massachusetts"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Commonwealth_of_Massachusetts" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_(U.S._state)" title="Commonwealth (U.S. state)">Commonwealth</a> of <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Massachusetts</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a> (capital)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Massachusetts" title="Outline of Massachusetts">Topics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Massachusetts-related_articles" title="Index of Massachusetts-related articles">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Massachusetts" title="Administrative divisions of Massachusetts">Administrative divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_congressional_districts" title="Massachusetts's congressional districts">Congressional districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="Elections in Massachusetts">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Massachusetts" title="Geography of Massachusetts">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Massachusetts" title="Geology of Massachusetts">Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Massachusetts" title="Government of Massachusetts">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Massachusetts" title="History of Massachusetts">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Images_of_Massachusetts" title="Category:Images of Massachusetts">Images</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Massachusetts" title="Law of Massachusetts">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lighthouses_in_Massachusetts" title="List of lighthouses in Massachusetts">Lighthouses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Massachusetts" title="Music of Massachusetts">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Massachusetts" title="List of people from Massachusetts">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Massachusetts_state_symbols" title="List of Massachusetts state symbols">State symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="Transportation in Massachusetts">Transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_villages_in_Massachusetts" title="List of villages in Massachusetts">Villages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tourist_attractions_in_Massachusetts" title="Category:Tourist attractions in Massachusetts">Tourist attractions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_windmills_in_Massachusetts" title="List of windmills in Massachusetts">Windmills</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Massachusetts" title="Abortion in Massachusetts">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Massachusetts_culture" title="Category:Massachusetts culture">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Massachusetts" title="Climate change in Massachusetts">Climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Massachusetts" title="Crime in Massachusetts">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Massachusetts" title="Demographics of Massachusetts">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="Economy of Massachusetts">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="Education in Massachusetts">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_education_in_Massachusetts" title="History of education in Massachusetts">History of education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_laws_in_Massachusetts" title="Gun laws in Massachusetts">Gun laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="Homelessness in Massachusetts">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Massachusetts">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Massachusetts" title="Politics of Massachusetts">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_Massachusetts" title="Sports in Massachusetts">Sports</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_the_United_States#Massachusetts" title="List of regions of the United States">Regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Ann" title="Cape Ann">Cape Ann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Massachusetts" title="Central Massachusetts">Central Massachusetts</a> (<a href="/wiki/Blackstone_Valley" title="Blackstone Valley">Blackstone Valley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Montachusett-North_County" title="Montachusett-North County">Montachusett-North County</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_County_(Massachusetts)" title="South County (Massachusetts)">South County</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Boston" title="Greater Boston">Greater Boston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Lowell" title="Greater Lowell">Greater Lowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merrimack_Valley" title="Merrimack Valley">Merrimack Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MetroWest" title="MetroWest">MetroWest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Shore_(Massachusetts)" title="North Shore (Massachusetts)">North Shore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeastern_Massachusetts" title="Southeastern Massachusetts">Southeastern Massachusetts</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cape_Cod" title="Cape Cod">Cape Cod</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Coast_(Massachusetts)" title="South Coast (Massachusetts)">South Coast</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Shore_(Massachusetts)" title="South Shore (Massachusetts)">South Shore</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Massachusetts" title="Western Massachusetts">Western Massachusetts</a> (<a href="/wiki/The_Berkshires" class="mw-redirect" title="The Berkshires">The Berkshires</a>, <a href="/wiki/Housatonic_Valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Housatonic Valley">Housatonic Valley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pioneer_Valley" title="Pioneer Valley">Pioneer Valley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quabbin-Swift_River_Valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Quabbin-Swift River Valley">Quabbin-Swift River Valley</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_Massachusetts" title="List of counties in Massachusetts">Counties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barnstable_County,_Massachusetts" title="Barnstable County, Massachusetts">Barnstable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berkshire_County,_Massachusetts" title="Berkshire County, Massachusetts">Berkshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_County,_Massachusetts" title="Bristol County, Massachusetts">Bristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dukes_County,_Massachusetts" title="Dukes County, Massachusetts">Dukes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essex_County,_Massachusetts" title="Essex County, Massachusetts">Essex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_County,_Massachusetts" title="Franklin County, Massachusetts">Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hampden_County,_Massachusetts" title="Hampden County, Massachusetts">Hampden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hampshire_County,_Massachusetts" title="Hampshire County, Massachusetts">Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middlesex_County,_Massachusetts" title="Middlesex County, Massachusetts">Middlesex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nantucket" title="Nantucket">Nantucket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norfolk_County,_Massachusetts" title="Norfolk County, Massachusetts">Norfolk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plymouth_County,_Massachusetts" title="Plymouth County, Massachusetts">Plymouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suffolk_County,_Massachusetts" title="Suffolk County, Massachusetts">Suffolk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worcester_County,_Massachusetts" title="Worcester County, Massachusetts">Worcester</a></li> <li>Note: Nine former counties were in the <a href="/wiki/District_of_Maine" title="District of Maine">District of Maine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Massachusetts" title="List of municipalities in Massachusetts">Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agawam,_Massachusetts" title="Agawam, Massachusetts">Agawam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amherst,_Massachusetts" title="Amherst, Massachusetts">Amherst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amesbury,_Massachusetts" title="Amesbury, Massachusetts">Amesbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attleboro,_Massachusetts" title="Attleboro, Massachusetts">Attleboro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barnstable,_Massachusetts" title="Barnstable, Massachusetts">Barnstable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beverly,_Massachusetts" title="Beverly, Massachusetts">Beverly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braintree,_Massachusetts" title="Braintree, Massachusetts">Braintree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridgewater,_Massachusetts" title="Bridgewater, Massachusetts">Bridgewater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brockton,_Massachusetts" title="Brockton, Massachusetts">Brockton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambridge,_Massachusetts" title="Cambridge, Massachusetts">Cambridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chelsea,_Massachusetts" title="Chelsea, Massachusetts">Chelsea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicopee,_Massachusetts" title="Chicopee, Massachusetts">Chicopee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Longmeadow,_Massachusetts" title="East Longmeadow, Massachusetts">East Longmeadow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easthampton,_Massachusetts" title="Easthampton, Massachusetts">Easthampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Everett,_Massachusetts" title="Everett, Massachusetts">Everett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_River,_Massachusetts" title="Fall River, Massachusetts">Fall River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fitchburg,_Massachusetts" title="Fitchburg, Massachusetts">Fitchburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Framingham,_Massachusetts" title="Framingham, Massachusetts">Framingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin,_Massachusetts" title="Franklin, Massachusetts">Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gardner,_Massachusetts" title="Gardner, Massachusetts">Gardner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloucester,_Massachusetts" title="Gloucester, Massachusetts">Gloucester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenfield,_Massachusetts" title="Greenfield, Massachusetts">Greenfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haverhill,_Massachusetts" title="Haverhill, Massachusetts">Haverhill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holyoke,_Massachusetts" title="Holyoke, Massachusetts">Holyoke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence,_Massachusetts" title="Lawrence, Massachusetts">Lawrence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leominster,_Massachusetts" title="Leominster, Massachusetts">Leominster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lowell,_Massachusetts" title="Lowell, Massachusetts">Lowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynn,_Massachusetts" title="Lynn, Massachusetts">Lynn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malden,_Massachusetts" title="Malden, Massachusetts">Malden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marlborough,_Massachusetts" title="Marlborough, Massachusetts">Marlborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medford,_Massachusetts" title="Medford, Massachusetts">Medford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melrose,_Massachusetts" title="Melrose, Massachusetts">Melrose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methuen,_Massachusetts" title="Methuen, Massachusetts">Methuen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Bedford,_Massachusetts" title="New Bedford, Massachusetts">New Bedford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newburyport,_Massachusetts" title="Newburyport, Massachusetts">Newburyport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newton,_Massachusetts" title="Newton, Massachusetts">Newton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Adams,_Massachusetts" title="North Adams, Massachusetts">North Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northampton,_Massachusetts" title="Northampton, Massachusetts">Northampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmer,_Massachusetts" title="Palmer, Massachusetts">Palmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peabody,_Massachusetts" title="Peabody, Massachusetts">Peabody</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pittsfield,_Massachusetts" title="Pittsfield, Massachusetts">Pittsfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quincy,_Massachusetts" title="Quincy, Massachusetts">Quincy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randolph,_Massachusetts" title="Randolph, Massachusetts">Randolph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revere,_Massachusetts" title="Revere, Massachusetts">Revere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salem,_Massachusetts" title="Salem, Massachusetts">Salem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somerville,_Massachusetts" title="Somerville, Massachusetts">Somerville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southbridge,_Massachusetts" title="Southbridge, Massachusetts">Southbridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Springfield,_Massachusetts" title="Springfield, Massachusetts">Springfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taunton,_Massachusetts" title="Taunton, Massachusetts">Taunton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waltham,_Massachusetts" title="Waltham, Massachusetts">Waltham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watertown,_Massachusetts" title="Watertown, Massachusetts">Watertown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westfield,_Massachusetts" title="Westfield, Massachusetts">Westfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Springfield,_Massachusetts" title="West Springfield, Massachusetts">West Springfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weymouth,_Massachusetts" title="Weymouth, Massachusetts">Weymouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winthrop,_Massachusetts" title="Winthrop, Massachusetts">Winthrop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woburn,_Massachusetts" title="Woburn, Massachusetts">Woburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worcester,_Massachusetts" title="Worcester, Massachusetts">Worcester</a></li> <li>Note: Municipalities not listed have a town meeting form of government (see <a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Massachusetts" title="List of municipalities in Massachusetts">all municipalities</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg/32px-Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg/48px-Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg/64px-Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="900" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Massachusetts" title="Portal:Massachusetts">Massachusetts portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Government_of_Massachusetts" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:#15317E; color:white;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Massachusetts_government" title="Template:Massachusetts government"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Massachusetts_government" title="Template talk:Massachusetts government"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Massachusetts_government" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Massachusetts government"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Government_of_Massachusetts" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Massachusetts" title="Government of Massachusetts">Government of Massachusetts</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#15317E; color:white;;width:1%">Legislative</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_General_Court" title="Massachusetts General Court">General Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Senate" title="Massachusetts Senate">Senate</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_current_members_of_the_Massachusetts_Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="List of current members of the Massachusetts Senate">Members</a>, <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Massachusetts_Senate" title="President of the Massachusetts Senate">President</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_House_of_Representatives" title="Massachusetts House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_current_members_of_the_Massachusetts_House_of_Representatives" class="mw-redirect" title="List of current members of the Massachusetts House of Representatives">Members</a>, <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_Massachusetts_House_of_Representatives" class="mw-redirect" title="Speaker of the Massachusetts House of Representatives">Speaker</a>)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Flag-map_of_Massachusetts.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flag-map_of_Massachusetts.svg/80px-Flag-map_of_Massachusetts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="49" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flag-map_of_Massachusetts.svg/120px-Flag-map_of_Massachusetts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flag-map_of_Massachusetts.svg/160px-Flag-map_of_Massachusetts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="602" data-file-height="369" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#15317E; color:white;;width:1%">Executive</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Massachusetts" title="Governor of Massachusetts">Governor</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="List of governors of Massachusetts">List</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Massachusetts" title="Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts">Lt. Governor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Attorney_General" title="Massachusetts Attorney General">Attorney General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_State_Auditor" title="Massachusetts State Auditor">Auditor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_the_Commonwealth_of_Massachusetts" title="Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts">Secretary of the Commonwealth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treasurer_and_Receiver-General_of_Massachusetts" title="Treasurer and Receiver-General of Massachusetts">Treasurer and Receiver-General</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Massachusetts_Executive_Office_for_Administration_and_Finance&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Massachusetts Executive Office for Administration and Finance (page does not exist)">Office for Administration and Finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Department_of_Elementary_and_Secondary_Education" title="Massachusetts Department of Elementary and Secondary Education">Department of Elementary and Secondary Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Department_of_Higher_Education" title="Massachusetts Department of Higher Education">Department of Higher Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Emergency_Management_Agency" title="Massachusetts Emergency Management Agency">Emergency Management Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Executive_Office_of_Energy_and_Environmental_Affairs" title="Massachusetts Executive Office of Energy and Environmental Affairs">Office of Energy and Environmental Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Department_of_Environmental_Protection" title="Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection">Department of Environmental Protection</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Massachusetts_Department_of_Revenue&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Massachusetts Department of Revenue (page does not exist)">Department of Revenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Executive_Office_of_Health_and_Human_Services" title="Massachusetts Executive Office of Health and Human Services">Office of Health and Human Services</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Massachusetts_Executive_Office_of_Housing_and_Economic_Development&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Massachusetts Executive Office of Housing and Economic Development (page does not exist)">Office of Housing and Economic Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Executive_Office_of_Labor_and_Workforce_Development" title="Massachusetts Executive Office of Labor and Workforce Development">Office of Labor and Workforce Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Department_of_Mental_Health" title="Massachusetts Department of Mental Health">Department of Mental Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Department_of_Public_Health" title="Massachusetts Department of Public Health">Department of Public Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Executive_Office_of_Public_Safety_and_Security" title="Massachusetts Executive Office of Public Safety and Security">Office of Public Safety and Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Department_of_Public_Utilities" title="Massachusetts Department of Public Utilities">Department of Public Utilities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Department_of_Transportation" title="Massachusetts Department of Transportation">Department of Transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Department_of_Youth_Services" title="Massachusetts Department of Youth Services">Department of Youth Services</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#15317E; color:white;;width:1%">Judicial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boston_Municipal_Court" title="Boston Municipal Court">Boston Municipal Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_District_Court" title="Massachusetts District Court">District Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Superior_Court" title="Massachusetts Superior Court">Superior Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Land_Court" title="Massachusetts Land Court">Land Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Juvenile_Court" title="Massachusetts Juvenile Court">Juvenile Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Housing_Court" title="Massachusetts Housing Court">Housing Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Probate_and_Family_Court" title="Massachusetts Probate and Family Court">Massachusetts Probate and Family Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Appeals_Court" title="Massachusetts Appeals Court">Appeals Court</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_judges_of_the_Massachusetts_Appeals_Court&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of judges of the Massachusetts Appeals Court (page does not exist)">Judges</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Supreme_Judicial_Court" title="Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court">Supreme Judicial Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essex_Probate_and_Family_Court" title="Essex Probate and Family Court">Essex Probate and Family Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middlesex_Probate_and_Family_Court" title="Middlesex Probate and Family Court">Middlesex Probate and Family Court</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#15317E; color:white;;width:1%">Independent agencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Board_of_Library_Commissioners" title="Massachusetts Board of Library Commissioners">Board of Library Commissioners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Commission_Against_Discrimination" title="Massachusetts Commission Against Discrimination">Commission Against Discrimination</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Commission_on_the_Status_of_Women_(Massachusetts)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Commission on the Status of Women (Massachusetts) (page does not exist)">Commission on the Status of Women</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Disabled_Persons_Protection_Commission_(Massachusetts)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Disabled Persons Protection Commission (Massachusetts) (page does not exist)">Disabled Persons Protection Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Appellate_Tax_Board" title="Massachusetts Appellate Tax Board">Massachusetts Appellate Tax Board</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Massachusetts_District_Attorneys&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Massachusetts District Attorneys (page does not exist)">Massachusetts District Attorneys</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Massachusetts_Inspector_General&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Massachusetts Inspector General (page does not exist)">Massachusetts Inspector General</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Office_of_Campaign_and_Political_Finance_(Massachusetts)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Office of Campaign and Political Finance (Massachusetts) (page does not exist)">Office of Campaign and Political Finance</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Office_of_the_Comptroller_(Massachusetts)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Office of the Comptroller (Massachusetts) (page does not exist)">Office of the Comptroller</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Massachusetts_Sheriffs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Massachusetts Sheriffs (page does not exist)">Massachusetts Sheriffs</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=State_Ethics_Commission_(Massachusetts)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="State Ethics Commission (Massachusetts) (page does not exist)">State Ethics Commission</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#15317E; color:white;;width:1%">Law</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Massachusetts" title="Constitution of Massachusetts">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Laws_of_Massachusetts" title="General Laws of Massachusetts">General Laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_of_Massachusetts_Regulations" title="Code of Massachusetts Regulations">Code of Massachusetts Regulations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Massachusetts" title="Abortion in Massachusetts">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_laws_of_Massachusetts" title="Alcohol laws of Massachusetts">Alcohol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Massachusetts" title="Cannabis in Massachusetts">Cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_Massachusetts" title="Capital punishment in Massachusetts">Capital punishment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Massachusetts" title="Crime in Massachusetts">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elder_law_(Massachusetts)" title="Elder law (Massachusetts)">Elder law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambling_in_Massachusetts" title="Gambling in Massachusetts">Gambling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_laws_in_Massachusetts" title="Gun laws in Massachusetts">Gun laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Massachusetts">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_Massachusetts" title="Taxation in Massachusetts">Taxation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Protected_areas_of_Massachusetts" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#bbeb85;;background:#abdb75;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Protected_areas_of_Massachusetts" title="Template:Protected areas of Massachusetts"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Protected_areas_of_Massachusetts" title="Template talk:Protected areas of Massachusetts"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Protected_areas_of_Massachusetts" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Protected areas of Massachusetts"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Protected_areas_of_Massachusetts" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_the_United_States" title="Protected areas of the United States">Protected areas</a> of <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Massachusetts</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#bbeb85;"><div id="Federal" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Federal government of the United States">Federal</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/wiki/National_Historic_Site_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Historic Site (United States)">National Historical Parks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adams_National_Historical_Park" title="Adams National Historical Park">Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackstone_River_Valley_National_Historical_Park" title="Blackstone River Valley National Historical Park">Blackstone River Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_National_Historical_Park" title="Boston National Historical Park">Boston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lowell_National_Historical_Park" title="Lowell National Historical Park">Lowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minute_Man_National_Historical_Park" title="Minute Man National Historical Park">Minute Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Bedford_Whaling_National_Historical_Park" title="New Bedford Whaling National Historical Park">New Bedford Whaling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_areas_in_the_United_States_National_Park_System#National_historic_sites" title="List of areas in the United States National Park System">National Historic Sites</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boston_African_American_National_Historic_Site" title="Boston African American National Historic Site">Boston African American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Law_Olmsted_National_Historic_Site" title="Frederick Law Olmsted National Historic Site">Frederick Law Olmsted</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Fitzgerald_Kennedy_National_Historic_Site" title="John Fitzgerald Kennedy National Historic Site">John Fitzgerald Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longfellow_House%E2%80%93Washington%27s_Headquarters_National_Historic_Site" title="Longfellow House–Washington's Headquarters National Historic Site">Longfellow House–Washington's Headquarters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salem_Maritime_National_Historic_Site" title="Salem Maritime National Historic Site">Salem Maritime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saugus_Iron_Works_National_Historic_Site" title="Saugus Iron Works National Historic Site">Saugus Iron Works</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Springfield_Armory" title="Springfield Armory">Springfield Armory</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Park_Service_areas_in_Massachusetts" title="List of National Park Service areas in Massachusetts">Other National Park Service units</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Appalachian_Trail_by_state#Massachusetts" title="Appalachian Trail by state">Appalachian National Scenic Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_Harbor_Islands_National_Recreation_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Boston Harbor Islands National Recreation Area">Boston Harbor Islands National Recreation Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Cod_National_Seashore" title="Cape Cod National Seashore">Cape Cod National Seashore</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Wildlife_Refuges#Massachusetts" title="List of National Wildlife Refuges">National Wildlife Refuges</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assabet_River_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Assabet River National Wildlife Refuge">Assabet River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Meadows_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Great Meadows National Wildlife Refuge">Great Meadows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mashpee_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Mashpee National Wildlife Refuge">Mashpee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massasoit_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Massasoit National Wildlife Refuge">Massasoit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monomoy_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Monomoy National Wildlife Refuge">Monomoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nantucket_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Nantucket National Wildlife Refuge">Nantucket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nomans_Land_Island_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Nomans Land Island National Wildlife Refuge">Nomans Land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxbow_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Oxbow National Wildlife Refuge">Oxbow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parker_River_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Parker River National Wildlife Refuge">Parker River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silvio_O._Conte_National_Fish_and_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Silvio O. Conte National Fish and Wildlife Refuge">Silvio O. Conte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thacher_Island_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Thacher Island National Wildlife Refuge">Thacher Island</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/wiki/National_Wild_and_Scenic_Rivers_System" title="National Wild and Scenic Rivers System">Wild and Scenic Rivers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assabet_River" title="Assabet River">Assabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concord_River" title="Concord River">Concord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudbury_River" title="Sudbury River">Sudbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taunton_River" title="Taunton River">Taunton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westfield_River" title="Westfield River">Westfield</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_areas_in_the_United_States_National_Park_System" title="List of areas in the United States National Park System">Other protected areas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stellwagen_Bank_National_Marine_Sanctuary" title="Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary">Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waquoit_Bay_National_Estuarine_Research_Reserve" title="Waquoit Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve">Waquoit Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Hill_Dam" title="West Hill Dam">West Hill Dam</a> (<a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Corps_of_Engineers" title="United States Army Corps of Engineers">USACE</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#bbeb85;"><div id="State_parks" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Massachusetts_state_parks" title="List of Massachusetts state parks">State parks</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;">Parks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alewife_Brook_Reservation" title="Alewife Brook Reservation">Alewife Brook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ames_Nowell_State_Park" title="Ames Nowell State Park">Ames Nowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashland_State_Park" title="Ashland State Park">Ashland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bash_Bish_Falls_State_Park" title="Bash Bish Falls State Park">Bash Bish Falls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackstone_River_and_Canal_Heritage_State_Park" title="Blackstone River and Canal Heritage State Park">Blackstone River and Canal Heritage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borderland_State_Park" title="Borderland State Park">Borderland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_Harbor_Islands_National_Recreation_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Boston Harbor Islands National Recreation Area">Boston Harbor Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bradley_Palmer_State_Park" title="Bradley Palmer State Park">Bradley Palmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._M._Gardner_State_Park" title="C. M. Gardner State Park">C. M. Gardner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Callahan_State_Park" title="Callahan State Park">Callahan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castle_Island_(Massachusetts)" title="Castle Island (Massachusetts)">Castle Island State Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicopee_Memorial_State_Park" title="Chicopee Memorial State Park">Chicopee Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=City_Square_State_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="City Square State Park (page does not exist)">City Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarksburg_State_Park" title="Clarksburg State Park">Clarksburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cochituate_State_Park" title="Cochituate State Park">Cochituate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connecticut_River_Greenway_State_Park" title="Connecticut River Greenway State Park">Connecticut River Greenway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demarest_Lloyd_State_Park" title="Demarest Lloyd State Park">Demarest Lloyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dighton_Rock_State_Park" title="Dighton Rock State Park">Dighton Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunn_State_Park" title="Dunn State Park">Dunn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellisville_Harbor_State_Park" title="Ellisville Harbor State Park">Ellisville Harbor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_River_Heritage_State_Park" title="Fall River Heritage State Park">Fall River Heritage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gardner_Heritage_State_Park" title="Gardner Heritage State Park">Gardner Heritage</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Governor_Thomas_Dudley_State_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Governor Thomas Dudley State Park (page does not exist)">Governor Thomas Dudley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Brook_Farm_State_Park" title="Great Brook Farm State Park">Great Brook Farm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greycourt_State_Park" title="Greycourt State Park">Greycourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halibut_Point_State_Park" title="Halibut Point State Park">Halibut Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hampton_Ponds_State_Park" title="Hampton Ponds State Park">Hampton Ponds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holyoke_Heritage_State_Park" title="Holyoke Heritage State Park">Holyoke Heritage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hopkinton_State_Park" title="Hopkinton State Park">Hopkinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Lorraine_State_Park" title="Lake Lorraine State Park">Lake Lorraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Wyola_State_Park" title="Lake Wyola State Park">Lake Wyola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Heritage_State_Park" title="Lawrence Heritage State Park">Lawrence Heritage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lowell_Heritage_State_Park" title="Lowell Heritage State Park">Lowell Heritage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynn_Heritage_State_Park" title="Lynn Heritage State Park">Lynn Heritage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massasoit_State_Park" title="Massasoit State Park">Massasoit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maudslay_State_Park" title="Maudslay State Park">Maudslay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moore_State_Park" title="Moore State Park">Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Holyoke_Range_State_Park" title="Mount Holyoke Range State Park">Mount Holyoke Range</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_Bridge_State_Park_(Massachusetts)" title="Natural Bridge State Park (Massachusetts)">Natural Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nickerson_State_Park" title="Nickerson State Park">Nickerson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pearl_Hill_State_Park" title="Pearl Hill State Park">Pearl Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilgrim_Memorial_State_Park" title="Pilgrim Memorial State Park">Pilgrim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quinsigamond_State_Park" title="Quinsigamond State Park">Quinsigamond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robinson_State_Park" title="Robinson State Park">Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roxbury_Heritage_State_Park" title="Roxbury Heritage State Park">Roxbury Heritage</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rutland_State_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rutland State Park (page does not exist)">Rutland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._A._Skinner_State_Park" title="J. A. Skinner State Park">Skinner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Cape_Beach_State_Park" title="South Cape Beach State Park">South Cape Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wahconah_Falls_State_Park" title="Wahconah Falls State Park">Wahconah Falls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Webb_Memorial_State_Park" title="Webb Memorial State Park">Webb Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wells_State_Park_(Massachusetts)" title="Wells State Park (Massachusetts)">Wells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Gateway_Heritage_State_Park" title="Western Gateway Heritage State Park">Western Gateway Heritage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitehall_State_Park" title="Whitehall State Park">Whitehall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wompatuck_State_Park" title="Wompatuck State Park">Wompatuck</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;">Reservations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beaver_Brook_Reservation" title="Beaver Brook Reservation">Beaver Brook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belle_Isle_Marsh_Reservation" title="Belle Isle Marsh Reservation">Belle Isle Marsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Hills_Reservation" title="Blue Hills Reservation">Blue Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breakheart_Reservation" title="Breakheart Reservation">Breakheart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_River_Reservation" title="Charles River Reservation">Charles River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chestnut_Hill_Reservation" title="Chestnut Hill Reservation">Chestnut Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cutler_Park" title="Cutler Park">Cutler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorchester_Shores_Reservation" title="Dorchester Shores Reservation">Dorchester Shores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elm_Bank_Horticulture_Center" title="Elm Bank Horticulture Center">Elm Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Phoenix_State_Reservation" title="Fort Phoenix State Reservation">Fort Phoenix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hammond_Pond_Reservation" title="Hammond Pond Reservation">Hammond Pond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemlock_Gorge_Reservation" title="Hemlock Gorge Reservation">Hemlock Gorge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horseneck_Beach_State_Reservation" title="Horseneck Beach State Reservation">Horseneck Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jug_End_State_Reservation_and_Wildlife_Management_Area" title="Jug End State Reservation and Wildlife Management Area">Jug End</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynn_Shore_Reservation" title="Lynn Shore Reservation">Lynn Shore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middlesex_Fells_Reservation" title="Middlesex Fells Reservation">Middlesex Fells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Everett_State_Reservation" title="Mount Everett State Reservation">Mount Everett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Greylock_State_Reservation" title="Mount Greylock State Reservation">Mount Greylock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Sugarloaf_State_Reservation" title="Mount Sugarloaf State Reservation">Mount Sugarloaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Tom_State_Reservation" title="Mount Tom State Reservation">Mount Tom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myles_Standish_Monument_State_Reservation" title="Myles Standish Monument State Reservation">Myles Standish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mystic_River_Reservation" title="Mystic River Reservation">Mystic River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahant_Beach_Reservation" title="Nahant Beach Reservation">Nahant Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nantasket_Beach" title="Nantasket Beach">Nantasket Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasketucket_Bay_State_Reservation" title="Nasketucket Bay State Reservation">Nasketucket Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neponset_River" title="Neponset River">Neponset River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II_Park_Reservation" title="Pope John Paul II Park Reservation">Pope John Paul II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purgatory_Chasm_State_Reservation" title="Purgatory Chasm State Reservation">Purgatory Chasm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quincy_Quarries_Reservation" title="Quincy Quarries Reservation">Quincy Quarries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quincy_Shore_Reservation" title="Quincy Shore Reservation">Quincy Shore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revere_Beach" title="Revere Beach">Revere Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumney_Marsh_Reservation" title="Rumney Marsh Reservation">Rumney Marsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salisbury_Beach_State_Reservation" title="Salisbury Beach State Reservation">Salisbury Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandy_Point_State_Reservation" title="Sandy Point State Reservation">Sandy Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scusset_Beach_State_Reservation" title="Scusset Beach State Reservation">Scusset Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stony_Brook_Reservation" title="Stony Brook Reservation">Stony Brook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Charles_River_Reservation" title="Upper Charles River Reservation">Upper Charles River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wachusett_Mountain_State_Reservation" title="Wachusett Mountain State Reservation">Wachusett Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walden_Pond" title="Walden Pond">Walden Pond</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=West_Island_State_Reservation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="West Island State Reservation (page does not exist)">West Island</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Weymouth_Reservation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Weymouth Reservation (page does not exist)">Weymouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilson_Mountain_Reservation" title="Wilson Mountain Reservation">Wilson Mountain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Appalachian_Trail" title="Appalachian Trail">Appalachian Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashuwillticook_Rail_Trail" title="Ashuwillticook Rail Trail">Ashuwillticook Rail Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Cod_Rail_Trail" title="Cape Cod Rail Trail">Cape Cod Rail Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Revere_Park" title="Fort Revere Park">Fort Revere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Dennison_Recreation_Area" title="Lake Dennison Recreation Area">Lake Dennison Recreation Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Neponset_River_Trail" title="Lower Neponset River Trail">Lower Neponset River Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_Central_Rail_Trail%E2%80%94Wayside" class="mw-redirect" title="Mass Central Rail Trail—Wayside">Mass Central Rail Trail—Wayside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nashua_River_Rail_Trail" title="Nashua River Rail Trail">Nashua River Rail Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwottuck_Branch_Rail_Trail" title="Norwottuck Branch Rail Trail">Norwottuck Branch Rail Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quabbin_Reservoir" title="Quabbin Reservoir">Quabbin Reservoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwest_Corridor_Park" title="Southwest Corridor Park">Southwest Corridor Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squantum_Point_Park" title="Squantum Point Park">Squantum Point Park</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Streeter_Point_Recreation_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Streeter Point Recreation Area (page does not exist)">Streeter Point Recreation Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudbury_Reservoir" title="Sudbury Reservoir">Sudbury Reservoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wachusett_Reservoir" title="Wachusett Reservoir">Wachusett Reservoir</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ware_River_Watershed_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ware River Watershed Area (page does not exist)">Ware River Watershed Area</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#bbeb85;"><div id="State_forests" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Massachusetts_state_forests" title="List of Massachusetts state forests">State forests</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barnstable_State_Forest" title="Barnstable State Forest">Barnstable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beartown_State_Forest" title="Beartown State Forest">Beartown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berkley_State_Forest" title="Berkley State Forest">Berkley</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Billerica_State_Forest&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Billerica State Forest (page does not exist)">Billerica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brimfield_State_Forest" title="Brimfield State Forest">Brimfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chester-Blandford_State_Forest" title="Chester-Blandford State Forest">Chester-Blandford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D.A.R._State_Forest_(Massachusetts)" title="D.A.R. State Forest (Massachusetts)">DAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_State_Forest" title="Douglas State Forest">Douglas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erving_State_Forest" title="Erving State Forest">Erving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F._Gilbert_Hills_State_Forest" title="F. Gilbert Hills State Forest">F. Gilbert Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federated_Women%27s_Club_State_Forest" title="Federated Women's Club State Forest">Federated Women's Club</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Franklin_State_Forest&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Franklin State Forest (page does not exist)">Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freetown-Fall_River_State_Forest" title="Freetown-Fall River State Forest">Freetown-Fall River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgetown-Rowley_State_Forest" title="Georgetown-Rowley State Forest">Georgetown-Rowley</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gilbert_A._Bliss_State_Forest&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gilbert A. Bliss State Forest (page does not exist)">Gilbert A. Bliss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granville_State_Forest" title="Granville State Forest">Granville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Parker_State_Forest" title="Harold Parker State Forest">Harold Parker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Dubuque_Memorial_State_Forest" title="Kenneth Dubuque Memorial State Forest">Kenneth Dubuque Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leominster_State_Forest" title="Leominster State Forest">Leominster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lowell-Dracut-Tyngsboro_State_Forest" title="Lowell-Dracut-Tyngsboro State Forest">Lowell-Dracut-Tyngsboro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_F._Correllus_State_Forest" title="Manuel F. Correllus State Forest">Manuel F. Correllus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohawk_Trail_State_Forest" title="Mohawk Trail State Forest">Mohawk Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monroe_State_Forest" title="Monroe State Forest">Monroe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Grace_State_Forest" title="Mount Grace State Forest">Mount Grace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Washington_State_Forest" title="Mount Washington State Forest">Mount Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myles_Standish_State_Forest" title="Myles Standish State Forest">Myles Standish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_Mountain_State_Forest" title="October Mountain State Forest">October Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otter_River_State_Forest" title="Otter River State Forest">Otter River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pittsfield_State_Forest" title="Pittsfield State Forest">Pittsfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandisfield_State_Forest" title="Sandisfield State Forest">Sandisfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savoy_Mountain_State_Forest" title="Savoy Mountain State Forest">Savoy Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shawme-Crowell_State_Forest" title="Shawme-Crowell State Forest">Shawme-Crowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_River_State_Forest" title="South River State Forest">South River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spencer_State_Forest" title="Spencer State Forest">Spencer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolland_State_Forest" title="Tolland State Forest">Tolland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upton_State_Forest" title="Upton State Forest">Upton</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Warren_H._Manning_State_Forest&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Warren H. Manning State Forest (page does not exist)">Warren H. Manning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wendell_State_Forest" title="Wendell State Forest">Wendell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willard_Brook_State_Forest" title="Willard Brook State Forest">Willard Brook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willowdale_State_Forest" title="Willowdale State Forest">Willowdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windsor_State_Forest" title="Windsor State Forest">Windsor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#bbeb85;"><div id="Wildlife_management_areas" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_management_area" title="Wildlife management area">Wildlife management areas</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_management_area" title="Wildlife management area">Wildlife management areas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agawam_Lake_WMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agawam Lake WMA (page does not exist)">Agawam Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agawam_Mill_Pond_Access&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agawam Mill Pond Access (page does not exist)">Agawam Mill Pond</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ashby_WMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ashby WMA (page does not exist)">Ashby</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ashfield_Hawley_WMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ashfield Hawley WMA (page does not exist)">Ashfield Hawley</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Attitash_Public_Access&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Attitash Public Access (page does not exist)">Attitash</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ayer_Game_Farm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ayer Game Farm (page does not exist)">Ayer Game Farm</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baddacook_Pond_Access&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baddacook Pond Access (page does not exist)">Baddacook Pond</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bakers_Pond_Access&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bakers Pond Access (page does not exist)">Bakers Pond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_Circuit_Trail" title="Bay Circuit Trail">Bay Circuit Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bearse_Pond_Access&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bearse Pond Access (page does not exist)">Bearse Pond</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Becket_WMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Becket WMA (page does not exist)">Becket</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bennett_WMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bennett WMA (page does not exist)">Bennett</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Birch_Hill_WMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Birch Hill WMA (page does not exist)">Birch Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_Brook_WMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Black Brook WMA (page does not exist)">Black Brook</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blackstone_/_West_River_Access&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Blackstone / West River Access (page does not exist)">Blackstone / West River</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bolton_Flats_WMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bolton Flats WMA (page does not exist)">Bolton Flats</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boxboro_Station_NHA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boxboro Station NHA (page does not exist)">Boxboro Station</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brayton_Point_Salt_Marsh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brayton Point Salt Marsh (page does not exist)">Brayton Point Salt Marsh</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Breakneck_Brook_WMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Breakneck Brook WMA (page does not exist)">Breakneck Brook</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brewer_Brook_WMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brewer Brook WMA (page does not exist)">Brewer Brook</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bullock_Ledge_NHA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bullock Ledge NHA (page does not exist)">Bullock Ledge</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Burrage_Pond_WMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Burrage Pond WMA (page does not exist)">Burrage Pond</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canoe_River_Access&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Canoe River Access (page does not exist)">Canoe River</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catamount_WMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Catamount WMA (page does not exist)">Catamount</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chalet_WMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chalet WMA (page does not exist)">Chalet</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chase_Garden_Creek_Salt_Marsh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chase Garden Creek Salt Marsh (page does not exist)">Chase Garden Creek Salt Marsh</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Childs_River_Access&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Childs River Access (page does not exist)">Childs River</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chockalog_Swamp_NHA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chockalog Swamp NHA (page does not exist)">Chockalog Swamp</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Church_Homestead_WMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Church Homestead WMA (page does not exist)">Church Homestead</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clapps_Pond_Access&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clapps Pond Access (page does not exist)">Clapps Pond</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clinton_Bluff_NHA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clinton Bluff NHA (page does not exist)">Clinton Bluff</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Concord_River_Access&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Concord River Access (page does not exist)">Concord River</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Connecticut_River_Access&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Connecticut River Access (page does not exist)">Connecticut River</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cook_Pond_Access&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cook Pond Access (page does not exist)">Cook Pond</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Copicut_WMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Copicut WMA (page does not exist)">Copicut</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coy_Hill_WMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coy Hill WMA (page does not exist)">Coy Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crane_Pond_WMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crane Pond WMA (page does not exist)">Crane Pond</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cummington_WMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cummington WMA (page does not exist)">Cummington</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cusky_Pond_Access&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cusky Pond Access (page does not exist)">Cusky Pond</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dartmoor_Farm_WMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dartmoor Farm WMA (page does not exist)">Dartmoor Farm</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Darwin_Scott_Memorial_NHA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Darwin Scott Memorial NHA (page does not exist)">Darwin Scott Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Day_Mountain_WMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Day Mountain WMA (page does not exist)">Day Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deerfield_River_Access&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Deerfield River Access (page does not exist)">Deerfield River</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dogfish_Bar_Beach_Coastal_Access&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dogfish Bar Beach Coastal Access (page does not exist)">Dogfish Bar Beach Coastal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dolomite_Ledges_WMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dolomite Ledges WMA (page does not exist)">Dolomite Ledges</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunstable_Brook_WMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dunstable Brook WMA (page does not exist)">Dunstable Brook</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=E._Kent_Swift_WMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="E. Kent Swift WMA (page does not exist)">E. Kent Swift</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eagle_Island_NHA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eagle Island NHA (page does not exist)">Eagle Island</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=East_Mountain_WMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="East Mountain WMA (page does not exist)">East Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eastham_Salt_Marsh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eastham Salt Marsh (page does not exist)">Eastham Salt Marsh</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elbow_Meadow_NHA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elbow Meadow NHA (page does not exist)">Elbow Meadow</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=English_Salt_Marsh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="English Salt Marsh (page does not exist)">English Salt Marsh</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eugene_D._Moran_WMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eugene D. Moran WMA (page does not exist)">Eugene D. Moran</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Facing_Rock_WMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Facing Rock WMA (page does not exist)">Facing Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fairfield_Brook_NHA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fairfield Brook NHA (page does not exist)">Fairfield Brook</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Farmington_River_WMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Farmington River WMA (page does not exist)">Farmington River</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fish_Brook_WMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fish Brook WMA (page does not exist)">Fish Brook</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisherville_Pond_Access&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fisherville Pond Access (page does not exist)">Fisherville Pond</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisk_Forestdale_Lot&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fisk Forestdale Lot (page does not exist)">Fisk Forestdale Lot</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisk_Meadows_WMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fisk Meadows WMA (page does not exist)">Fisk Meadows</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Five_Mile_River_Access&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Five Mile River Access (page does not exist)">Five Mile River</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flagg_Swamp_WMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flagg Swamp WMA (page does not exist)">Flagg Swamp</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flint_Pond&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flint Pond (page does not exist)">Flint Pond</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Four_Chimneys_WMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Four Chimneys WMA (page does not exist)">Four Chimneys</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fox_Den_WMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fox Den WMA (page does not exist)">Fox Den</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fox_Island_Salt_Marsh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fox Island Salt Marsh (page does not exist)">Fox Island Salt Marsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_A._Crane_Wildlife_Management_Area" title="Frances A. Crane Wildlife Management Area">Frances A. Crane</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_L._Darey_Housatonic_Valley_WMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George L. Darey Housatonic Valley WMA (page does not exist)">George L. Darey Housatonic Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glen_Echo_Lake_Access&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glen Echo Lake Access (page does not exist)">Glen Echo Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gosnold_WMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gosnold WMA (page does not exist)">Gosnold</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grassy_Pond_NHA_(Dennis)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grassy Pond NHA (Dennis) (page does not exist)">Grassy Pond (Dennis)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grassy_Pond_NHA_(Plymouth)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grassy Pond NHA (Plymouth) (page does not exist)">Grassy Pond (Plymouth)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Green_River_Access&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Green River Access (page does not exist)">Green River Access (Franklin County)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Green_River_WMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Green River WMA (page does not exist)">Green River (Berkshire County)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenfield_River_WMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greenfield River WMA (page does not exist)">Greenfield River</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Halfway_Pond_WMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Halfway Pond WMA (page does not exist)">Halfway Pond</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamilton_Forest_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hamilton Forest Area (page does not exist)">Hamilton </a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hancock_WMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hancock WMA (page does not exist)">Hancock</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harlow_/_Cooks_Pond_NHA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harlow / Cooks Pond NHA (page does not exist)">Harlow / Cooks Pond</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haskell_Swamp_WMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Haskell Swamp WMA (page does not exist)">Haskell Swamp</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hauk_Swamp_NHA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hauk Swamp NHA (page does not exist)">Hauk Swamp</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hawksnest_State_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hawksnest State Park (page does not exist)">Hawksnest State Park</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hawley_NHA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hawley NHA (page does not exist)">Hawley</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Head_Of_The_Plains_NHA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Head Of The Plains NHA (page does not exist)">Head Of The Plains</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herman_Covey_WMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Herman Covey WMA (page does not exist)">Herman Covey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=High_Ridge_WMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="High Ridge WMA (page does not exist)">High Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hinsdale_Flats_WMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hinsdale Flats WMA (page does not exist)">Hinsdale Flats</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hiram_H._Fox_WMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hiram H. Fox WMA (page does not exist)">Hiram H. Fox</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hockomock_Swamp_WMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hockomock Swamp WMA (page does not exist)">Hockomock Swamp</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hog_Pond_Lot&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hog Pond Lot (page does not exist)">Hog Pond Lot</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Honey_Pot_NHA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Honey Pot NHA (page does not exist)">Honey Pot</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hoosatonic_River_Access&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hoosatonic River Access (page does not exist)">Hoosatonic River</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hoosic_River_Access&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hoosic River Access (page does not exist)">Hoosic River</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hop_Brook_WMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hop Brook WMA (page does not exist)">Hop Brook</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Housatonic_River_Access&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Housatonic River Access (page does not exist)">Housatonic River</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hubbard_Brook_WMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hubbard Brook WMA (page does not exist)">Hubbard Brook</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hunting_Hills_WMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hunting Hills WMA (page does not exist)">Hunting Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hyannis_Ponds_WMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hyannis Ponds WMA (page does not exist)">Hyannis Ponds</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ipswich_River_Access&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ipswich River Access (page does not exist)">Ipswich River</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_J._Kelly_WMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John J. Kelly WMA (page does not exist)">John J. Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_Base_Cape_Cod" title="Joint Base Cape Cod">Joint Base Cape Cod</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jug_End_State_Reservation_%26_WMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jug End State Reservation & WMA (page does not exist)">Jug End</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jug_End_Fen_NHA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jug End Fen NHA (page does not exist)">Jug End Fen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kampoosa_Fen_NHA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kampoosa Fen NHA (page does not exist)">Kampoosa Fen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Katama_Plains_NHA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Katama Plains NHA (page does not exist)">Katama Plains</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knops_Pond_Access&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Knops Pond Access (page does not exist)">Knops Pond</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konkapot_River_Access&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konkapot River Access (page does not exist)">Konkapot River</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lackey_Pond_WMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lackey Pond WMA (page does not exist)">Lackey Pond</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_Lorraine_Access&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lake Lorraine Access (page does not exist)">Lake Lorraine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_Rohunta_Access&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lake Rohunta Access (page does not exist)">Lake Rohunta</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_Snipatuit_Access&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lake Snipatuit Access (page does not exist)">Lake Snipatuit</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_Warner_WMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lake Warner WMA (page does not exist)">Lake Warner</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lanesboro_NHA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lanesboro NHA (page does not exist)">Lanesboro</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lawrence_Brook_WMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lawrence Brook WMA (page does not exist)">Lawrence Brook</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lawrence_Pond_Lot&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lawrence Pond Lot (page does not exist)">Lawrence Pond Lot</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leadmine_WMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leadmine WMA (page does not exist)">Leadmine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leyden_WMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leyden WMA (page does not exist)">Leyden</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lilly_Pond_WMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lilly Pond WMA (page does not exist)">Lilly Pond</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Little_Alum_Pond_Access&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Little Alum Pond Access (page does not exist)">Little Alum Pond</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Long_Sought_For_Pond_Access&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Long Sought For Pond Access (page does not exist)">Long Sought For Pond</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maple_Hill_WMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maple Hill WMA (page does not exist)">Maple Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maple_Springs_WMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maple Springs WMA (page does not exist)">Maple Springs</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martha_Deering_WMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Martha Deering WMA (page does not exist)">Martha Deering</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martin_H._Burns_WMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Martin H. Burns WMA (page does not exist)">Martin H. Burns</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mascuppic_Lake_Access&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mascuppic Lake Access (page does not exist)">Mascuppic Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mashpee_Pine_Barrens_NHA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mashpee Pine Barrens NHA (page does not exist)">Mashpee Pine Barrens</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mashpee_Pond_Lot&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mashpee Pond Lot (page does not exist)">Mashpee Pond Lot</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mashpee_River_Access&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mashpee River Access (page does not exist)">Mashpee River</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mckinstry_Brook_WMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mckinstry Brook WMA (page does not exist)">Mckinstry Brook</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meetinghouse_Swamp_WMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meetinghouse Swamp WMA (page does not exist)">Meetinghouse Swamp</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Merrill_Pond_WMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Merrill Pond WMA (page does not exist)">Merrill Pond</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Miacomet_Heath_NHA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Miacomet Heath NHA (page does not exist)">Miacomet Heath</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mill_Brook_Bogs_WMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mill Brook Bogs WMA (page does not exist)">Mill Brook Bogs</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mill_River_Access&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mill River Access (page does not exist)">Mill River</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Millers_River_WMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Millers River WMA (page does not exist)">Millers River</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mine_Brook_WMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mine Brook WMA (page does not exist)">Mine Brook</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Montague_WMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Montague WMA (page does not exist)">Montague</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Montague_Plains_WMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Montague Plains WMA (page does not exist)">Montague Plains</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moose_Brook_Access&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moose Brook Access (page does not exist)">Moose Brook Access</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moose_Brook_WMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moose Brook WMA (page does not exist)">Moose Brook</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moose_Hill_WMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moose Hill WMA (page does not exist)">Moose Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mossy_Pond_Access&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mossy Pond Access (page does not exist)">Mossy Pond</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mount_Watatic_Reservation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mount Watatic Reservation (page does not exist)">Mount Watatic Reservation</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mt._Esther_WMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mt. Esther WMA (page does not exist)">Mt. Esther</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mt._Toby_Highlands_NHA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mt. Toby Highlands NHA (page does not exist)">Mt. Toby Highlands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mt._Toby_WMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mt. Toby WMA (page does not exist)">Mt. Toby</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mt._Tom_NHA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mt. Tom NHA (page does not exist)">Mt. Tom</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muddy_Brook_WMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muddy Brook WMA (page does not exist)">Muddy Brook</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muddy_Pond&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muddy Pond (page does not exist)">Muddy Pond</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mulpus_Brook_WMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mulpus Brook WMA (page does not exist)">Mulpus Brook</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nashua_River_Access&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nashua River Access (page does not exist)">Nashua River</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natty_Brook_Access&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Natty Brook Access (page does not exist)">Natty Brook</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nemasket_River_Access&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nemasket River Access (page does not exist)">Nemasket River</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nissitissit_River_WMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nissitissit River WMA (page does not exist)">Nissitissit River</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Noquochoke_WMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Noquochoke WMA (page does not exist)">Noquochoke</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nordeen_Marsh_NHA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nordeen Marsh NHA (page does not exist)">Nordeen Marsh</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Brookfield_WMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="North Brookfield WMA (page does not exist)">North Brookfield</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Shore_Salt_Marsh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="North Shore Salt Marsh (page does not exist)">North Shore Salt Marsh</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northboro_Forest_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Northboro Forest Area (page does not exist)">Northboro </a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oakham_WMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oakham WMA (page does not exist)">Oakham</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olivers_Pond_NHA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Olivers Pond NHA (page does not exist)">Olivers Pond</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orange_WMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orange WMA (page does not exist)">Orange</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Otis_WMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Otis WMA (page does not exist)">Otis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Packard_Pond_Access&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Packard Pond Access (page does not exist)">Packard Pond</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palmer_WMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palmer WMA (page does not exist)">Palmer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pantry_Brook_WMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pantry Brook WMA (page does not exist)">Pantry Brook</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pauchaug_Brook_WMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pauchaug Brook WMA (page does not exist)">Pauchaug Brook</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peru_WMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peru WMA (page does not exist)">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peterson_Swamp_WMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peterson Swamp WMA (page does not exist)">Peterson Swamp</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phillipston_WMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phillipston WMA (page does not exist)">Phillipston</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Podunk_Marsh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Podunk Marsh (page does not exist)">Podunk Marsh</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poland_Brook_WMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Poland Brook WMA (page does not exist)">Poland Brook</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Popple_Camp_WMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Popple Camp WMA (page does not exist)">Popple Camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popponesset_Spit" title="Popponesset Spit">Popponesset Spit</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poutwater_Pond_WMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Poutwater Pond WMA (page does not exist)">Poutwater Pond</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Powell_Brook_WMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Powell Brook WMA (page does not exist)">Powell Brook</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prince_River_WMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prince River WMA (page does not exist)">Prince River</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Provincetown_Route_6_Corridor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Provincetown Route 6 Corridor (page does not exist)">Provincetown Route 6 Corridor</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Purchade_Brook_WMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Purchade Brook WMA (page does not exist)">Purchade Brook</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quaboag_WMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Quaboag WMA (page does not exist)">Quaboag</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quacumquasit_WMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Quacumquasit WMA (page does not exist)">Quacumquasit</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quag_Pond_Bog_NHA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Quag Pond Bog NHA (page does not exist)">Quag Pond Bog</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quashnet_River_Access&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Quashnet River Access (page does not exist)">Quashnet River</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quashnet_Woods_State_Reservation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Quashnet Woods State Reservation (page does not exist)">Quashnet Woods State Reservation</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quinapoxet_River_Access&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Quinapoxet River Access (page does not exist)">Quinapoxet River</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quinsigamond_Marsh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Quinsigamond Marsh (page does not exist)">Quinsigamond Marsh</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quisset_WMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Quisset WMA (page does not exist)">Quisset</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raccoon_Hill_WMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raccoon Hill WMA (page does not exist)">Raccoon Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rainbow_Beach_NHA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rainbow Beach NHA (page does not exist)">Rainbow Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Red_Brook_WMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Red Brook WMA (page does not exist)">Red Brook</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richardson_WMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richardson WMA (page does not exist)">Richardson</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robbins_Pond_Access&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robbins Pond Access (page does not exist)">Robbins Pond</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rochester_WMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rochester WMA (page does not exist)">Rochester</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rocky_Gutter_WMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rocky Gutter WMA (page does not exist)">Rocky Gutter</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rowe_NHA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rowe NHA (page does not exist)">Rowe</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salisbury_Salt_Marsh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Salisbury Salt Marsh (page does not exist)">Salisbury Salt Marsh</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salisbury_Salt_Marsh_WMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Salisbury Salt Marsh WMA (page does not exist)">Salisbury Salt Marsh WMA</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sandwich_Game_Farm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sandwich Game Farm (page does not exist)">Sandwich Game Farm</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sandy_Pond_Access&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sandy Pond Access (page does not exist)">Sandy Pond</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Satan%27s_Kingdom_WMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Satan's Kingdom WMA (page does not exist)">Satan's Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Savage_Hill_WMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Savage Hill WMA (page does not exist)">Savage Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Savoy_WMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Savoy WMA (page does not exist)">Savoy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sawmill_River_Access&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sawmill River Access (page does not exist)">Sawmill River</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scorton_Creek_Coastal_Access&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scorton Creek Coastal Access (page does not exist)">Scorton Creek Coastal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SE_Mass_Bioreserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SE Mass Bioreserve (page does not exist)">SE Mass Bioreserve</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sevenmile_River_Access&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sevenmile River Access (page does not exist)">Sevenmile River</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shattuck_Brook_WMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shattuck Brook WMA (page does not exist)">Shattuck Brook</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sheperds_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sheperds Island (page does not exist)">Sheperds Island</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shubael_Pond_Access&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shubael Pond Access (page does not exist)">Shubael Pond</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sibley_Brook_Access&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sibley Brook Access (page does not exist)">Sibley Brook</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sly_Pond_NHA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sly Pond NHA (page does not exist)">Sly Pond</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_Barrier_Beach&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="South Barrier Beach (page does not exist)">South Barrier Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_Meadow_Pond_Access&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="South Meadow Pond Access (page does not exist)">South Meadow Pond</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_Shore_Salt_Marsh_WMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="South Shore Salt Marsh WMA (page does not exist)">South Shore Salt Marsh</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_Triangle_Pond_NHA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="South Triangle Pond NHA (page does not exist)">South Triangle Pond</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southampton_WMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Southampton WMA (page does not exist)">Southampton</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southwick_WMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Southwick WMA (page does not exist)">Southwick</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spectacle_Pond_Access&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spectacle Pond Access (page does not exist)">Spectacle Pond</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Springhill_Lot&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Springhill Lot (page does not exist)">Springhill Lot</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sputtermill_Pond_Access&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sputtermill Pond Access (page does not exist)">Sputtermill Pond</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Squannacook_River_WMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Squannacook River WMA (page does not exist)">Squannacook River</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stafford_Hill_WMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stafford Hill WMA (page does not exist)">Stafford Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sudbury_River_Access&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sudbury River Access (page does not exist)">Sudbury River</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sunderland_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sunderland Islands (page does not exist)">Sunderland Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taconic_Mountain_WMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taconic Mountain WMA (page does not exist)">Taconic Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taunton_River_Access&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taunton River Access (page does not exist)">Taunton River Access</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taunton_River_WMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taunton River WMA (page does not exist)">Taunton River</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tekoa_Mountain_WMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tekoa Mountain WMA (page does not exist)">Tekoa Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thad_Ellis_NHA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thad Ellis NHA (page does not exist)">Thad Ellis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thayer_Pond_WMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thayer Pond WMA (page does not exist)">Thayer Pond</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Three_Mile_Pond_WMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Three Mile Pond WMA (page does not exist)">Three Mile Pond</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Townsend_Forest_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Townsend Forest Area (page does not exist)">Townsend </a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Townsend_Hill_WMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Townsend Hill WMA (page does not exist)">Townsend Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trapfall_Brook_Access&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trapfall Brook Access (page does not exist)">Trapfall Brook</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Triangle_Pond_Access&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Triangle Pond Access (page does not exist)">Triangle Pond</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tully_Brook_Access&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tully Brook Access (page does not exist)">Tully Brook</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tully_Mountain_WMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tully Mountain WMA (page does not exist)">Tully Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tully_River_Access&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tully River Access (page does not exist)">Tully River</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wakeby_Pond_Access&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wakeby Pond Access (page does not exist)">Wakeby Pond</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wales_WMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wales WMA (page does not exist)">Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walnut_Hill_WMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Walnut Hill WMA (page does not exist)">Walnut Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ware_River_Access&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ware River Access (page does not exist)">Ware River</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Warwick_WMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Warwick WMA (page does not exist)">Warwick</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wendell_WMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wendell WMA (page does not exist)">Wendell</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=West_Meadows_WMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="West Meadows WMA (page does not exist)">West Meadows</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Westboro_WMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Westboro WMA (page does not exist)">Westboro</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Westfield_River_Access&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Westfield River Access (page does not exist)">Westfield River</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Westfield_WMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Westfield WMA (page does not exist)">Westfield</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Weymouth_Back_River_Access&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Weymouth Back River Access (page does not exist)">Weymouth Back River</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Whately_Great_Swamp_WMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Whately Great Swamp WMA (page does not exist)">Whately Great Swamp</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Whately_Ponds_Fish_And_Wildlife_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Whately Ponds Fish And Wildlife Area (page does not exist)">Whately Ponds</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Whately_WMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Whately WMA (page does not exist)">Whately</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilbraham_Game_Farm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wilbraham Game Farm (page does not exist)">Wilbraham Game Farm</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Forward_WMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Forward WMA (page does not exist)">William Forward</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Williams_River_Access&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Williams River Access (page does not exist)">Williams River</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Williamsburg_WMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Williamsburg WMA (page does not exist)">Williamsburg</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Winimusset_WMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Winimusset WMA (page does not exist)">Winimusset</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wolf_Swamp_WMA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wolf Swamp WMA (page does not exist)">Wolf Swamp</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/wiki/Nature_reserve" title="Nature reserve">Wildlife sanctuaries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Billingsgate_Island_Wildlife_Sanctuary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Billingsgate Island Wildlife Sanctuary (page does not exist)">Billingsgate Island</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carr_Island_Wildlife_Sanctuary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carr Island Wildlife Sanctuary (page does not exist)">Carr Island</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=E._Howe_Forbush_Wildlife_Sanctuary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="E. Howe Forbush Wildlife Sanctuary (page does not exist)">E. Howe Forbush</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Egg_Rock_Wildlife_Sanctuary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Egg Rock Wildlife Sanctuary (page does not exist)">Egg Rock </a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grace_A._Robson_Wildlife_Sanctuary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grace A. Robson Wildlife Sanctuary (page does not exist)">Grace A. Robson</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=J.C._Phillips_Wildlife_Sanctuary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="J.C. Phillips Wildlife Sanctuary (page does not exist)">J.C. Phillips</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knight_Wildlife_Sanctuary_(Milk_Island)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Knight Wildlife Sanctuary (Milk Island) (page does not exist)">Knight</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penikese_Island_Wildlife_Sanctuary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Penikese Island Wildlife Sanctuary (page does not exist)">Penikese Island </a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ram_Island_Wildlife_Sanctuary_(Mattapoisett)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ram Island Wildlife Sanctuary (Mattapoisett) (page does not exist)">Ram Island (Mattapoisett)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ram_Island_Wildlife_Sanctuary_(Salisbury)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ram Island Wildlife Sanctuary (Salisbury) (page does not exist)">Ram Island (Salisbury)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Susan_B._Minns_Wildlife_Sanctuary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Susan B. Minns Wildlife Sanctuary (page does not exist)">Susan B. Minns</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tarpaulin_Cove_Wildlife_Sanctuary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tarpaulin Cove Wildlife Sanctuary (page does not exist)">Tarpaulin Cove</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Watatic_Mountain_Wildlife_Sanctuary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Watatic Mountain Wildlife Sanctuary (page does not exist)">Watatic Mountain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#bbeb85;"><div id="The_Nature_Conservancy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/The_Nature_Conservancy" title="The Nature Conservancy">The Nature Conservancy</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_Pond_Bog_Nature_Preserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Black Pond Bog Nature Preserve (page does not exist)">Black Pond Bog</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boat_Meadow_Preserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boat Meadow Preserve (page does not exist)">Boat Meadow</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Newhall_Woods_Nature_and_Wildlife_Preserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francis Newhall Woods Nature and Wildlife Preserve (page does not exist)">Francis Newhall Woods</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grassy_Pond_Preserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grassy Pond Preserve (page does not exist)">Grassy Pond</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greene_Swamp_Preserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greene Swamp Preserve (page does not exist)">Greene Swamp</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Halfway_Pond_Island_Preserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Halfway Pond Island Preserve (page does not exist)">Halfway Pond Island</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hawley_Bog_Preserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hawley Bog Preserve (page does not exist)">Hawley Bog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hockomock_Swamp" title="Hockomock Swamp">Hockomock Swamp</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hoft_Farm_Preserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hoft Farm Preserve (page does not exist)">Hoft Farm</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homer-Watcha_Preserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Homer-Watcha Preserve (page does not exist)">Homer-Watcha</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Katama_Plains_Preserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Katama Plains Preserve (page does not exist)">Katama Plains</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=McElwain-Olsen_Preserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="McElwain-Olsen Preserve (page does not exist)">McElwain-Olsen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Miacomet_Moors_Preserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Miacomet Moors Preserve (page does not exist)">Miacomet Moors</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reed_Brook_Preserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reed Brook Preserve (page does not exist)">Reed Brook</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roger_and_Virginia_Drury_Preserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roger and Virginia Drury Preserve (page does not exist)">Roger and Virginia Drury</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sandy_Neck_Preserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sandy Neck Preserve (page does not exist)">Sandy Neck</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_H._Smith_Preserve_and_Fire_Trail&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David H. Smith Preserve and Fire Trail (page does not exist)">David H. Smith Preserve and Fire Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stacy_Mountain_Preserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stacy Mountain Preserve (page does not exist)">Stacy Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tatkon_Preserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tatkon Preserve (page does not exist)">Tatkon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#bbeb85;"><div id="Trustees_of_Reservations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/The_Trustees_of_Reservations" title="The Trustees of Reservations">Trustees of Reservations</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Governor_Oliver_Ames_Estate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Governor Oliver Ames Estate (page does not exist)">Governor Oliver Ames Estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appleton_Farms" title="Appleton Farms">Appleton Farms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashintully_Gardens" title="Ashintully Gardens">Ashintully Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bartholomew%27s_Cobble" title="Bartholomew's Cobble">Bartholomew's Cobble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bear_Swamp" title="Bear Swamp">Bear Swamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bear%27s_Den" title="Bear's Den">Bear's Den</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boston_Community_Gardens&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boston Community Gardens (page does not exist)">Boston Community Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menemsha_Hills_and_The_Brickyard" title="Menemsha Hills and The Brickyard">The Brickyard</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bullitt_Reservation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bullitt Reservation (page does not exist)">Bullitt</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chestnut_Hill_Farm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chestnut Hill Farm (page does not exist)">Chestnut Hill Farm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonel_John_Ashley_House" title="Colonel John Ashley House">Colonel John Ashley House</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunes%27_Edge_Campground&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dunes' Edge Campground (page does not exist)">Dunes' Edge Campground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_William_Bird_Park" title="Francis William Bird Park">Francis William Bird Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Cabot_Bradley_Estate" title="Eleanor Cabot Bradley Estate">Eleanor Cabot Bradley Estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridge_Island_Meadows" title="Bridge Island Meadows">Bridge Island Meadows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brooks_Woodland_Preserve" title="Brooks Woodland Preserve">Brooks Woodland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Cullen_Bryant_Homestead" title="William Cullen Bryant Homestead">William Cullen Bryant Homestead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Poge_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Cape Poge Wildlife Refuge">Cape Poge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cedariver" title="Cedariver">Cedariver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castle_Hill_(Ipswich,_Massachusetts)" title="Castle Hill (Ipswich, Massachusetts)">Castle Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapel_Brook" title="Chapel Brook">Chapel Brook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_River_Peninsula" title="Charles River Peninsula">Charles River Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chase_Woodlands" title="Chase Woodlands">Chase Woodlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chesterfield_Gorge_(Massachusetts)" title="Chesterfield Gorge (Massachusetts)">Chesterfield Gorge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coolidge_Reservation" title="Coolidge Reservation">Coolidge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copicut_Woods" title="Copicut Woods">Copicut Woods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cormier_Woods" title="Cormier Woods">Cormier Woods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coskata-Coatue_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Coskata-Coatue Wildlife Refuge">Coskata-Coatue Wildlife Refuge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crane_Beach" title="Crane Beach">Crane Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crane_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Crane Wildlife Refuge">Crane Wildlife Refuge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crowninshield_Island" title="Crowninshield Island">Crowninshield Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dexter_Drumlin" title="Dexter Drumlin">Dexter Drumlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinosaur_Footprints_Reservation" title="Dinosaur Footprints Reservation">Dinosaur Footprints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doane%27s_Falls" title="Doane's Falls">Doane's Falls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doyle_Community_Park_%26_Center" title="Doyle Community Park & Center">Doyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dry_Hill" title="Dry Hill">Dry Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Over_Reservation" title="East Over Reservation">East Over</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elliott_Laurel" title="Elliott Laurel">Elliott Laurel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Farandnear&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Farandnear (page does not exist)">Farandnear</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=FARM_Institute&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FARM Institute (page does not exist)">FARM Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_Farm_(Williamstown,_Massachusetts)" title="Field Farm (Williamstown, Massachusetts)">Field Farm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fruitlands_Museum" title="Fruitlands Museum">Fruitlands Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fork_Factory_Brook" title="Fork Factory Brook">Fork Factory Brook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glendale_Falls_(Massachusetts)" title="Glendale Falls (Massachusetts)">Glendale Falls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goose_Pond_Reservation" title="Goose Pond Reservation">Goose Pond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenwood_Farm_(Ipswich,_Massachusetts)" title="Greenwood Farm (Ipswich, Massachusetts)">Greenwood Farm</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hales_Brook_and_Sippican_River&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hales Brook and Sippican River (page does not exist)">Hales Brook and Sippican River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halibut_Point_State_Park" title="Halibut Point State Park">Halibut Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamlin_Reservation" title="Hamlin Reservation">Hamlin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Allen_C._Haskell_Public_Gardens&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Allen C. Haskell Public Gardens (page does not exist)">Allen C. Haskell Public Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holmes_Reservation" title="Holmes Reservation">Holmes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_Hutchinson%27s_Field" title="Governor Hutchinson's Field">Governor Hutchinson's Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacobs_Hill" title="Jacobs Hill">Jacobs Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Tom_Mountain" title="Little Tom Mountain">Little Tom Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_of_Providence" title="Land of Providence">Land of Providence</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leatherbee_Woods&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leatherbee Woods (page does not exist)">Leatherbee Woods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Hill_(Beverly,_Massachusetts)" title="Long Hill (Beverly, Massachusetts)">Long Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Point_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Long Point Wildlife Refuge">Long Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lowell_Holly_Reservation" title="Lowell Holly Reservation">Lowell Holly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyman_Reserve" title="Lyman Reserve">Lyman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Preserve" title="Malcolm Preserve">Malcolm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mashpee_River_Reservation" title="Mashpee River Reservation">Mashpee River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McLennan_Reservation" title="McLennan Reservation">McLennan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medfield_Meadow_Lots" title="Medfield Meadow Lots">Medfield Meadow Lots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medfield_Rhododendrons" title="Medfield Rhododendrons">Medfield Rhododendrons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menemsha_Hills_and_The_Brickyard" title="Menemsha Hills and The Brickyard">Menemsha Hills and The Brickyard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misery_Islands" title="Misery Islands">Misery Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mission_House_(Stockbridge,_Massachusetts)" title="Mission House (Stockbridge, Massachusetts)">Mission House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Monoliths_(Manchester-by-the-Sea)" title="The Monoliths (Manchester-by-the-Sea)">The Monoliths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monument_Mountain_(reservation)" title="Monument Mountain (reservation)">Monument Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moose_Hill_Farm" title="Moose Hill Farm">Moose Hill Farm</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moraine_Farm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moraine Farm (page does not exist)">Moraine Farm</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mount_Ann_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mount Ann Park (page does not exist)">Mount Ann</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mount_Warner_(Massachusetts)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mount Warner (Massachusetts) (page does not exist)">Mount Warner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_Meadow_Preserve" title="Mountain Meadow Preserve">Mountain Meadow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mytoi" title="Mytoi">Mytoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naumkeag" title="Naumkeag">Naumkeag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noanet_Woodlands" title="Noanet Woodlands">Noanet Woodlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noon_Hill_and_Shattuck_Reservation" title="Noon Hill and Shattuck Reservation">Noon Hill and Shattuck</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Norris_Reservation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Norris Reservation (page does not exist)">Norris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Common_Meadow" title="North Common Meadow">North Common Meadow</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Norton_Point_Beach&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Norton Point Beach (page does not exist)">Norton Point Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notchview" title="Notchview">Notchview</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Old_Manse" title="The Old Manse">Old Manse</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Old_Town_Hill&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Old Town Hill (page does not exist)">Old Town Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peaked_Mountain_(Massachusetts)" title="Peaked Mountain (Massachusetts)">Peaked Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pegan_Hill&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pegan Hill (page does not exist)">Pegan Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peters_Reservation" title="Peters Reservation">Peters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petticoat_Hill" title="Petticoat Hill">Petticoat Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_Hutchinson%27s_Field" title="Governor Hutchinson's Field">Pierce</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pine_and_Hemlock_Knoll&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pine and Hemlock Knoll (page does not exist)">Pine and Hemlock Knoll</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Powisset_Farm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Powisset Farm (page does not exist)">Powisset Farm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Questing_(New_Marlborough,_Massachusetts)" title="Questing (New Marlborough, Massachusetts)">Questing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quinebaug_Woods" title="Quinebaug Woods">Quinebaug Woods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravenswood_Park" title="Ravenswood Park">Ravenswood Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redemption_Rock" title="Redemption Rock">Redemption Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_House_Reservation" title="Rock House Reservation">Rock House</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rocky_Narrows&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rocky Narrows (page does not exist)">Rocky Narrows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocky_Woods" title="Rocky Woods">Rocky Woods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royalston_Falls" title="Royalston Falls">Royalston Falls</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shattuck_Reservation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shattuck Reservation (page does not exist)">Shattuck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Signal_Hill_(Canton,_Massachusetts)" title="Signal Hill (Canton, Massachusetts)">Signal Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slocum%27s_River_Reserve" title="Slocum's River Reserve">Slocum's River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stavros_Reservation" title="Stavros Reservation">Stavros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Stevens%E2%80%93Coolidge_Place" title="The Stevens–Coolidge Place">Stevens-Coolidge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swift_River_Reservation" title="Swift River Reservation">Swift River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tantiusques" title="Tantiusques">Tantiusques</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tully_Lake_Campground&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tully Lake Campground (page does not exist)">Tully Lake Campground</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Two_Mile_Farm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Two Mile Farm (page does not exist)">Two Mile Farm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyringham_Cobble" title="Tyringham Cobble">Tyringham Cobble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ward_Reservation" title="Ward Reservation">Ward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wasque" title="Wasque">Wasque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weir_Hill" title="Weir Hill">Weir Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weir_River_Farm" title="Weir River Farm">Weir River Farm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westport_Town_Farm" title="Westport Town Farm">Westport Town Farm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitney_and_Thayer_Woods" title="Whitney and Thayer Woods">Whitney and Thayer Woods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World%27s_End_(Hingham)" title="World's End (Hingham)">World's End</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#bbeb85;"><div id="Audubon_Society_wildlife_sanctuaries" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Audubon_Society" title="Massachusetts Audubon Society">Audubon Society</a> wildlife sanctuaries</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Allens_Pond_Wildlife_Sanctuary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Allens Pond Wildlife Sanctuary (page does not exist)">Allens Pond</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arcadia_Wildlife_Sanctuary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arcadia Wildlife Sanctuary (page does not exist)">Arcadia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ashumet_Holly_Wildlife_Sanctuary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ashumet Holly Wildlife Sanctuary (page does not exist)">Ashumet Holly</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Attleboro_Springs_Wildlife_Sanctuary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Attleboro Springs Wildlife Sanctuary (page does not exist)">Attleboro Springs</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barnstable_Great_Marsh_Wildlife_Sanctuary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Barnstable Great Marsh Wildlife Sanctuary (page does not exist)">Barnstable Great Marsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Hills_Reservation#Blue_Hills_Trailside_Museum" title="Blue Hills Reservation">Blue Hills Trailside Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boston_Nature_Center_and_Wildlife_Sanctuary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boston Nature Center and Wildlife Sanctuary (page does not exist)">Boston Nature Center</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Broad_Meadow_Brook_Wildlife_Sanctuary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Broad Meadow Brook Wildlife Sanctuary (page does not exist)">Broad Meadow Brook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadmoor_Wildlife_Sanctuary" title="Broadmoor Wildlife Sanctuary">Broadmoor</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Burncoat_Pond_Wildlife_Sanctuary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Burncoat Pond Wildlife Sanctuary (page does not exist)">Burncoat Pond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canoe_Meadows_Wildlife_Sanctuary" title="Canoe Meadows Wildlife Sanctuary">Canoe Meadows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Webster_Wildlife_Sanctuary" title="Daniel Webster Wildlife Sanctuary">Daniel Webster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drumlin_Farm" title="Drumlin Farm">Drumlin Farm</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eagle_Lake_Wildlife_Sanctuary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eagle Lake Wildlife Sanctuary (page does not exist)">Eagle Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eastern_Point_Wildlife_Sanctuary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eastern Point Wildlife Sanctuary (page does not exist)">Eastern Point</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Endicott_Wildlife_Sanctuary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Endicott Wildlife Sanctuary (page does not exist)">Endicott</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Felix_Neck_Wildlife_Sanctuary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Felix Neck Wildlife Sanctuary (page does not exist)">Felix Neck</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flat_Rock_Wildlife_Sanctuary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flat Rock Wildlife Sanctuary (page does not exist)">Flat Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Graves_Farm_Wildlife_Sanctuary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Graves Farm Wildlife Sanctuary (page does not exist)">Graves Farm</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Great_Neck_Wildlife_Sanctuary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Great Neck Wildlife Sanctuary (page does not exist)">Great Neck</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Habitat_Education_Center_and_Wildlife_Sanctuary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Habitat Education Center and Wildlife Sanctuary (page does not exist)">Habitat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Ledges_Wildlife_Sanctuary" title="High Ledges Wildlife Sanctuary">High Ledges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ipswich_River_Wildlife_Sanctuary" title="Ipswich River Wildlife Sanctuary">Ipswich River</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joppa_Flats_Wildlife_Sanctuary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joppa Flats Wildlife Sanctuary (page does not exist)">Joppa Flats</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kettle_Island_Wildlife_Sanctuary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kettle Island Wildlife Sanctuary (page does not exist)">Kettle Island</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_Wampanoag_Wildlife_Sanctuary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lake Wampanoag Wildlife Sanctuary (page does not exist)">Lake Wampanoag</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laughing_Brook_Wildlife_Sanctuary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Laughing Brook Wildlife Sanctuary (page does not exist)">Laughing Brook</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lime_Kiln_Farm_Wildlife_Sanctuary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lime Kiln Farm Wildlife Sanctuary (page does not exist)">Lime Kiln Farm</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lincoln_Woods_Wildlife_Sanctuary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lincoln Woods Wildlife Sanctuary (page does not exist)">Lincoln Woods</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Long_Pasture_Wildlife_Sanctuary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Long Pasture Wildlife Sanctuary (page does not exist)">Long Pasture</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lynes_Woods_Wildlife_Sanctuary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lynes Woods Wildlife Sanctuary (page does not exist)">Lynes Woods</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marblehead_Neck_Wildlife_Sanctuary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marblehead Neck Wildlife Sanctuary (page does not exist)">Marblehead Neck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moose_Hill_Wildlife_Sanctuary" title="Moose Hill Wildlife Sanctuary">Moose Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Museum_of_American_Bird_Art&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Museum of American Bird Art (page does not exist)">Museum of American Bird Art</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nahant_Thicket_Wildlife_Sanctuary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nahant Thicket Wildlife Sanctuary (page does not exist)">Nahant Thicket</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nashoba_Brook_Wildlife_Sanctuary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nashoba Brook Wildlife Sanctuary (page does not exist)">Nashoba Brook</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Hill_Marsh_Wildlife_Sanctuary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="North Hill Marsh Wildlife Sanctuary (page does not exist)">North Hill Marsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_River_Wildlife_Sanctuary" title="North River Wildlife Sanctuary">North River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oak_Knoll_Wildlife_Sanctuary" title="Oak Knoll Wildlife Sanctuary">Oak Knoll</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierpont_Meadow_Wildlife_Sanctuary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pierpont Meadow Wildlife Sanctuary (page does not exist)">Pierpont Meadow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pleasant_Valley_Wildlife_Sanctuary" title="Pleasant Valley Wildlife Sanctuary">Pleasant Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poor_Farm_Hill_Wildlife_Sanctuary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Poor Farm Hill Wildlife Sanctuary (page does not exist)">Poor Farm Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richardson_Brook_Wildlife_Sanctuary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richardson Brook Wildlife Sanctuary (page does not exist)">Richardson Brook</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Road%27s_End_Wildlife_Sanctuary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Road's End Wildlife Sanctuary (page does not exist)">Road's End</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rough_Meadows_Wildlife_Sanctuary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rough Meadows Wildlife Sanctuary (page does not exist)">Rough Meadows</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rutland_Brook_Wildlife_Sanctuary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rutland Brook Wildlife Sanctuary (page does not exist)">Rutland Brook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sampsons_Island" title="Sampsons Island">Sampsons Island</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sesachacha_Heathlands_Wildlife_Sanctuary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sesachacha Heathlands Wildlife Sanctuary (page does not exist)">Sesachacha Heathlands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skunknett_River_Wildlife_Sanctuary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skunknett River Wildlife Sanctuary (page does not exist)">Skunknett River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stony_Brook_Reservation" title="Stony Brook Reservation">Stony Brook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wachusett_Meadow_Wildlife_Sanctuary" title="Wachusett Meadow Wildlife Sanctuary">Wachusett Meadow</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Waseeka_Wildlife_Sanctuary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Waseeka Wildlife Sanctuary (page does not exist)">Waseeka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wellfleet_Bay_Wildlife_Sanctuary" title="Wellfleet Bay Wildlife Sanctuary">Wellfleet Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wildwood_Camp&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wildwood Camp (page does not exist)">Wildwood Camp</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#bbeb85;"><div id="Other" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Other</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Concord_Land_Conservation_Trust&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Concord Land Conservation Trust (page does not exist)">Concord Land Conservation Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Forest" title="Harvard Forest">Harvard Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lincoln_Land_Conservation_Trust&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lincoln Land Conservation Trust (page does not exist)">Lincoln Land Conservation Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Center_for_the_Environment" title="Lloyd Center for the Environment">Lloyd Center for the Environment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynn_Woods_Reservation" title="Lynn Woods Reservation">Lynn Woods Reservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norcross_Wildlife_Sanctuary" title="Norcross Wildlife Sanctuary">Norcross Wildlife Sanctuary</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Old_Harbor_Wildlife_Refuge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Old Harbor Wildlife Refuge (page does not exist)">Old Harbor Wildlife Refuge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#bbeb85;"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Protected_areas_of_Massachusetts" title="Category:Protected areas of Massachusetts">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Parks_in_Boston" title="Template:Parks in Boston">Boston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Emerald_Necklace" title="Template:Emerald Necklace">Emerald Necklace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Executive_Office_of_Energy_and_Environmental_Affairs" title="Massachusetts Executive Office of Energy and Environmental Affairs">Executive Office of Energy and Environmental Affairs</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Protected_areas_of_Massachusetts" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Protected areas of Massachusetts">Commons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="New_England" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:New_England" title="Template:New England"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:New_England" title="Template talk:New England"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:New_England" title="Special:EditPage/Template:New England"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="New_England" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autumn_in_New_England" title="Autumn in New England">Autumn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_New_England" title="Climate of New England">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_New_England" title="Cuisine of New England">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_New_England" title="Culture of New England">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_New_England" title="Demographics of New England">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_New_England" title="Economy of New England">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_New_England" title="Elections in New England">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_New_England" title="Flag of New England">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_England#Geography" title="New England">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_New_England" title="Geology of New England">Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_England_town" title="New England town">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_New_England" title="History of New England">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prehistory_of_New_England" title="Prehistory of New England">Prehistory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_England_Colonies" title="New England Colonies">New England Colonies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_New_England" title="Dominion of New England">Dominion of New England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_England_Confederation" title="New England Confederation">New England Confederation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literature_of_New_England" title="Literature of New England">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_place_names_of_Native_American_origin_in_New_England" title="List of place names of Native American origin in New England">Place names of Native-American origin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_New_England" title="Politics of New England">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_New_England" title="Sports in New England">Sports</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">States</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maine" title="Maine">Maine</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire" title="New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island" title="Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vermont" title="Vermont">Vermont</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_by_population_in_New_England" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities by population in New England">Major cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bridgeport,_Connecticut" title="Bridgeport, Connecticut">Bridgeport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brockton,_Massachusetts" title="Brockton, Massachusetts">Brockton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burlington,_Vermont" title="Burlington, Vermont">Burlington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambridge,_Massachusetts" title="Cambridge, Massachusetts">Cambridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danbury,_Connecticut" title="Danbury, Connecticut">Danbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_River,_Massachusetts" title="Fall River, Massachusetts">Fall River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lowell,_Massachusetts" title="Lowell, Massachusetts">Lowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchester,_New_Hampshire" title="Manchester, New Hampshire">Manchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Bedford,_Massachusetts" title="New Bedford, Massachusetts">New Bedford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Haven,_Connecticut" title="New Haven, Connecticut">New Haven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwalk,_Connecticut" title="Norwalk, Connecticut">Norwalk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portland,_Maine" title="Portland, Maine">Portland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quincy,_Massachusetts" title="Quincy, Massachusetts">Quincy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somerville,_Massachusetts" title="Somerville, Massachusetts">Somerville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Springfield,_Massachusetts" title="Springfield, Massachusetts">Springfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stamford,_Connecticut" title="Stamford, Connecticut">Stamford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterbury,_Connecticut" title="Waterbury, Connecticut">Waterbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worcester,_Massachusetts" title="Worcester, Massachusetts">Worcester</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">State capitals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Augusta,_Maine" title="Augusta, Maine">Augusta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concord,_New_Hampshire" title="Concord, New Hampshire">Concord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hartford,_Connecticut" title="Hartford, Connecticut">Hartford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montpelier,_Vermont" title="Montpelier, Vermont">Montpelier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Providence,_Rhode_Island" title="Providence, Rhode Island">Providence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_New_England" title="Transportation in New England">Transportation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Passenger rail</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Bay_Transportation_Authority" title="Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority">MBTA</a> (MA, RI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CapeFLYER" class="mw-redirect" title="CapeFLYER">CapeFLYER</a> (MA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeast_Corridor" title="Northeast Corridor">Northeast Corridor</a> (CT, MA, RI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acela" title="Acela">Acela</a> (CT, MA, RI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Downeaster_(train)" title="Downeaster (train)">Downeaster</a> (ME, NH, MA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vermonter_(train)" title="Vermonter (train)">Vermonter</a> (CT, MA, NH, VT)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shore_Line_East" title="Shore Line East">Shore Line East</a> (CT)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metro-North_Railroad" title="Metro-North Railroad">Metro-North</a> (CT)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hartford_Line" title="Hartford Line">Hartford Line</a> (CT, MA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Haven_Line" title="New Haven Line">New Haven Line</a> (CT)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valley_Flyer_(Amtrak_train)" title="Valley Flyer (Amtrak train)">Valley Flyer</a> (CT, MA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amtrak_Hartford_Line" title="Amtrak Hartford Line">Amtrak Hartford Line</a> (CT, MA)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Major <a href="/wiki/Interstate_Highway_System" title="Interstate Highway System">Interstates</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_84_(east)" class="mw-redirect" title="Interstate 84 (east)">I-84</a> (CT, MA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_89" title="Interstate 89">I-89</a> (NH, VT)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_90_in_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="Interstate 90 in Massachusetts">I-90 (Mass Pike)</a> (MA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_91" title="Interstate 91">I-91</a> (CT, MA, VT)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_93" title="Interstate 93">I-93</a> (MA, NH, VT)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_95" title="Interstate 95">I-95</a> (CT, RI, MA, NH, ME)</li> <li>defunct: <a href="/wiki/New_England_road_marking_system" title="New England road marking system">New England road marking system</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Airports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bradley_International_Airport" title="Bradley International Airport">Bradley</a> (CT)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Leahy_Burlington_International_Airport" title="Patrick Leahy Burlington International Airport">Burlington</a> (VT)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._F._Green_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="T. F. Green Airport">T. F. Green</a> (RI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchester%E2%80%93Boston_Regional_Airport" title="Manchester–Boston Regional Airport">Manchester–Boston</a> (NH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logan_International_Airport" title="Logan International Airport">Logan</a> (MA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tweed_New_Haven_Airport" title="Tweed New Haven Airport">New Haven</a> (CT)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portland_International_Jetport" title="Portland International Jetport">Portland</a> (ME)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worcester_Regional_Airport" title="Worcester Regional Airport">Worcester</a> (MA)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold;"><div> <ul><li><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/New_England_pine_flag.svg/32px-New_England_pine_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/New_England_pine_flag.svg/48px-New_England_pine_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/New_England_pine_flag.svg/64px-New_England_pine_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="432" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:New_England" title="Portal:New England">New England portal</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:New_England" title="Category:New England">Category</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:New_England" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:New England">Commons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Northeastern_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Northeast_US" title="Template:Northeast US"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Northeast_US" title="Template talk:Northeast US"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Northeast_US" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Northeast US"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Northeastern_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States" title="Northeastern United States">Northeastern United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States#Culture" title="Northeastern United States">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States#Geography" title="Northeastern United States">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States#Elections" title="Northeastern United States">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States#History" title="Northeastern United States">History</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">States</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delaware" title="Delaware">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire" title="New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maine" title="Maine">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island" title="Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vermont" title="Vermont">Vermont</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Federal_district" title="Federal district">Federal districts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">District of Columbia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_cities_by_population" title="List of United States cities by population">Major cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allentown,_Pennsylvania" title="Allentown, Pennsylvania">Allentown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandria,_Virginia" title="Alexandria, Virginia">Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arlington_County,_Virginia" title="Arlington County, Virginia">Arlington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltimore" title="Baltimore">Baltimore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridgeport,_Connecticut" title="Bridgeport, Connecticut">Bridgeport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buffalo,_New_York" title="Buffalo, New York">Buffalo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burlington,_Vermont" title="Burlington, Vermont">Burlington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambridge,_Massachusetts" title="Cambridge, Massachusetts">Cambridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth,_New_Jersey" title="Elizabeth, New Jersey">Elizabeth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erie,_Pennsylvania" title="Erie, Pennsylvania">Erie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hartford,_Connecticut" title="Hartford, Connecticut">Hartford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_City,_New_Jersey" title="Jersey City, New Jersey">Jersey City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lowell,_Massachusetts" title="Lowell, Massachusetts">Lowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchester,_New_Hampshire" title="Manchester, New Hampshire">Manchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Haven,_Connecticut" title="New Haven, Connecticut">New Haven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newark,_New_Jersey" title="Newark, New Jersey">Newark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paterson,_New_Jersey" title="Paterson, New Jersey">Paterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh" title="Pittsburgh">Pittsburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portland,_Maine" title="Portland, Maine">Portland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Providence,_Rhode_Island" title="Providence, Rhode Island">Providence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quincy,_Massachusetts" title="Quincy, Massachusetts">Quincy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reading,_Pennsylvania" title="Reading, Pennsylvania">Reading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rochester,_New_York" title="Rochester, New York">Rochester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scranton,_Pennsylvania" title="Scranton, Pennsylvania">Scranton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Springfield,_Massachusetts" title="Springfield, Massachusetts">Springfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stamford,_Connecticut" title="Stamford, Connecticut">Stamford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syracuse,_New_York" title="Syracuse, New York">Syracuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterbury,_Connecticut" title="Waterbury, Connecticut">Waterbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilmington,_Delaware" title="Wilmington, Delaware">Wilmington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worcester,_Massachusetts" title="Worcester, Massachusetts">Worcester</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">State capitals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albany,_New_York" title="Albany, New York">Albany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annapolis,_Maryland" title="Annapolis, Maryland">Annapolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augusta,_Maine" title="Augusta, Maine">Augusta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concord,_New_Hampshire" title="Concord, New Hampshire">Concord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dover,_Delaware" title="Dover, Delaware">Dover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hartford,_Connecticut" title="Hartford, Connecticut">Hartford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrisburg,_Pennsylvania" title="Harrisburg, Pennsylvania">Harrisburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montpelier,_Vermont" title="Montpelier, Vermont">Montpelier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Providence,_Rhode_Island" title="Providence, Rhode Island">Providence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trenton,_New_Jersey" title="Trenton, New Jersey">Trenton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northeast_megalopolis" title="Northeast megalopolis">Northeast megalopolis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Thirteen_Colonies" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Thirteen_Colonies" title="Template:Thirteen Colonies"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Thirteen_Colonies" title="Template talk:Thirteen Colonies"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Thirteen_Colonies" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Thirteen Colonies"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Thirteen_Colonies" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Colonies" title="Thirteen Colonies">Thirteen Colonies</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-weight:bold;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_England_Colonies" title="New England Colonies">New England Colonies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Colonies" title="Middle Colonies">Middle Colonies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chesapeake_Colonies" title="Chesapeake Colonies">Chesapeake Colonies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tobacco_colonies" title="Tobacco colonies">Tobacco Colonies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Colonies" title="Southern Colonies">Southern Colonies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Colonies" title="United Colonies">United Colonies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-bottom:1px #ccc solid"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Virginia" title="Colony of Virginia">Virginia</a> (1607–1776)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_New_Hampshire" title="Province of New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a> (1629–1641; 1679–1686; 1689–1776)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Maryland" title="Province of Maryland">Maryland</a> (1632–1776)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connecticut_Colony" title="Connecticut Colony">Connecticut</a> (1636–1776)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Rhode_Island_and_Providence_Plantations" title="Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations">Rhode Island</a> (1636–1776)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delaware_Colony" title="Delaware Colony">Delaware</a> (1664–1776)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_New_Jersey" title="Province of New Jersey">New Jersey</a> (1664–1673; 1702–1776)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_New_York" title="Province of New York">New York</a> (1664–1776)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Pennsylvania" title="Province of Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a> (1681–1776)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Massachusetts_Bay" title="Province of Massachusetts Bay">Massachusetts Bay</a> (1691–1776)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_North_Carolina" title="Province of North Carolina">North Carolina</a> (1712–1776)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_South_Carolina" title="Province of South Carolina">South Carolina</a> (1712–1776)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Georgia" title="Province of Georgia">Georgia</a> (1732–1776)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-weight:bold;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Other British colonial entities in the contemporary <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roanoke_Colony" title="Roanoke Colony">Roanoke</a> (1585–1590)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popham_Colony" title="Popham Colony">Popham</a> (1607–1608)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamestown,_Virginia" title="Jamestown, Virginia">Jamestown</a> (1607–1699)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berkeley_Hundred" title="Berkeley Hundred">Berkeley Hundred</a> (1619)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plymouth_Colony" title="Plymouth Colony">Plymouth</a> (1620–1686; 1689–1691)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Maine" title="Province of Maine">Maine</a> (1622–1658)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Croix#History" title="Saint Croix">Saint Croix</a> (1625–1650)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carolana" title="Carolana">Carolana</a> (1629–1663)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Bay_Colony" title="Massachusetts Bay Colony">Massachusetts Bay Colony</a> (1629–1686; 1689–1691)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saybrook_Colony" title="Saybrook Colony">Saybrook</a> (1635–1644)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Haven_Colony" title="New Haven Colony">New Haven</a> (1638–1664)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_England_Confederation" title="New England Confederation">New England Confederation</a> (1643–1654; 1675–<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1680)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Carolina" title="Province of Carolina">Carolina</a> (1663–1712)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rupert%27s_Land" title="Rupert's Land">Rupert's Land</a> (1670–1811)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/North-Western_Territory" title="North-Western Territory">North-Western Territory</a> (1670–1870)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Jersey" title="East Jersey">East Jersey</a> (1674–1702)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Jersey" title="West Jersey">West Jersey</a> (1674–1702)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_New_England" title="Dominion of New England">Dominion of New England</a> (1686–1689)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Reserve_(1763)" title="Indian Reserve (1763)">Indian Reserve</a> (1763–1783)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Quebec_(1763%E2%80%931791)" title="Province of Quebec (1763–1791)">Quebec</a> (1763–1783)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Florida" title="East Florida">East Florida</a> (1763–1783)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Florida" title="West Florida">West Florida</a> (1763–1783)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Ireland_(Maine)" title="New Ireland (Maine)">New Ireland</a> (1779–1783; 1814–1815)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_District" title="Columbia District">Columbia District</a> (1810–1846)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_River_Colony" title="Red River Colony">Red River Colony</a> (1811–1818)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stickeen_Territories" title="Stickeen Territories">Stickeen Territories</a> (1862–1863)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_British_Columbia_(1858%E2%80%931866)" title="Colony of British Columbia (1858–1866)">Colony of British Columbia</a> (1863–1866)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_British_Columbia_(1866%E2%80%931871)" title="Colony of British Columbia (1866–1871)">Colony of British Columbia and Vancouver Island</a> (1866–1871)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">Province of British Columbia</a> (1871–1903)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-weight:bold;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Non-British colonial entities in the contemporary United States</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Columbian_Viceroyalty" title="Columbian Viceroyalty">Columbian Viceroyalty</a> (1492–1535)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Spain" title="New Spain">New Spain</a> <ul><li>1521–1821; <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Florida" title="Spanish Florida">Spanish Florida</a>, 1565–1763</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Navarre" title="New Navarre">New Navarre</a>, 1565–1821</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_the_Philippines" title="Captaincy General of the Philippines">Captaincy General of the Philippines</a>, 1565–1898</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Captaincy General of Puerto Rico">Captaincy General of Puerto Rico</a>, 1580–1898</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe_de_Nuevo_M%C3%A9xico" title="Santa Fe de Nuevo México">Santa Fe de Nuevo México</a>, 1598–1821</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Cuba" title="Captaincy General of Cuba">Captaincy General of Cuba</a>, 1607–1801</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Croix#History" title="Saint Croix">Spanish Saint Croix</a>, 1650–1651</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Texas" title="Spanish Texas">Spanish Texas</a>, 1690–1821</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Las_Californias" title="Province of Las Californias">Las Californias</a>, 1767–1804</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_(New_Spain)" title="Louisiana (New Spain)">Spanish Louisiana</a>, 1769–1801</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provincias_Internas" title="Provincias Internas">Provincias Internas</a>, 1776–1821</li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Florida" title="East Florida">Spanish East Florida</a>, 1783–1821</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_West_Florida" title="Spanish West Florida">Spanish West Florida</a>, 1783–1821</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alta_California" title="Alta California">Alta California</a>, 1804–1821</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_France" title="New France">New France</a> <ul><li>1534–1763; <a href="/wiki/French_Florida" title="French Florida">French Florida</a>, 1562–1565</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hospitaller_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="Hospitaller colonization of the Americas">Hospitaller Saint Croix</a>, 1651–1665</li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_West_Indies#Former_French_West_Indian_islands" title="French West Indies">French Saint Croix</a>, 1665–1733</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_(New_France)" title="Louisiana (New France)">French Louisiana</a>, 1682–1763 and 1801–1803</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Netherland" title="New Netherland">New Netherland</a> (1614–1667)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Virgin_Islands" title="Dutch Virgin Islands">Dutch Virgin Islands</a> (1625–1672)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Sweden" title="New Sweden">New Sweden</a> (1638–1655)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_West_Indies" title="Danish West Indies">Danish West Indies</a> (1672–1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Thomas_(Brandenburg_colony)" title="Saint Thomas (Brandenburg colony)">Brandenburger Saint Thomas</a> (1685–1754)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vieques,_Puerto_Rico#History" title="Vieques, Puerto Rico">Krabbeninsel</a> (1689–1693)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vieques,_Puerto_Rico#History" title="Vieques, Puerto Rico">Scottish Darien Company</a> (1698)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian America">Russian America</a> (1799–1867)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">Related Documents</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Discourse_Concerning_Western_Planting" title="Discourse Concerning Western Planting">Discourse Concerning Western Planting</a> (1584)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayflower_Compact" title="Mayflower Compact">Mayflower Compact</a> (1620)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mourt%27s_Relation" title="Mourt's Relation">Mourt's Relation</a> (1622)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Of_Plymouth_Plantation" title="Of Plymouth Plantation">Of Plymouth Plantation</a> (1630–1651)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fundamental_Orders_of_Connecticut" title="Fundamental Orders of Connecticut">Fundamental Orders of Connecticut</a> (1638)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quintipartite_Deed" title="Quintipartite Deed">Quintipartite Deed</a> (1676)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Thirteen_Colonies" title="Category:Thirteen Colonies">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Political_divisions_of_the_United_States" style="text-align:left;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_political_divisions" title="Template:United States political divisions"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_political_divisions" title="Template talk:United States political divisions"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_political_divisions" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States political divisions"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Political_divisions_of_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Political divisions of the United States</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_and_territories_of_the_United_States" title="List of states and territories of the United States">List of states and territories</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;">States</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alabama" title="Alabama">Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arkansas" title="Arkansas">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delaware" title="Delaware">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idaho" title="Idaho">Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iowa" title="Iowa">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas" title="Kansas">Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maine" title="Maine">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montana" title="Montana">Montana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebraska" title="Nebraska">Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevada" title="Nevada">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire" title="New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Dakota" title="North Dakota">North Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon">Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island" title="Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Dakota" title="South Dakota">South Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utah" title="Utah">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vermont" title="Vermont">Vermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Virginia" title="West Virginia">West Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyoming" title="Wyoming">Wyoming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Federal_district" title="Federal district">Federal district</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Territories of the United States">Territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Samoa" title="American Samoa">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Virgin_Islands" title="United States Virgin Islands">U.S. Virgin Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Minor_Outlying_Islands" title="United States Minor Outlying Islands">Outlying islands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baker_Island" title="Baker Island">Baker Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howland_Island" title="Howland Island">Howland Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jarvis_Island" title="Jarvis Island">Jarvis Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnston_Atoll" title="Johnston Atoll">Johnston Atoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingman_Reef" title="Kingman Reef">Kingman Reef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midway_Atoll" title="Midway Atoll">Midway Atoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navassa_Island" title="Navassa Island">Navassa Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyra_Atoll" title="Palmyra Atoll">Palmyra Atoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wake_Island" title="Wake Island">Wake Island</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Indian_reservation" title="Indian reservation">Indian reservations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_reservations_in_the_United_States" title="List of Indian reservations in the United States">List of Indian reservations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Concessions_and_leases_in_international_relations" title="Concessions and leases in international relations">International concessions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guantanamo_Bay_Naval_Base" title="Guantanamo Bay Naval Base">Guantanamo Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pituffik_Space_Base" title="Pituffik Space Base">Pituffik</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output 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.portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:<ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/21px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/42px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/New_England_pine_flag.svg/21px-New_England_pine_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/New_England_pine_flag.svg/32px-New_England_pine_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/New_England_pine_flag.svg/42px-New_England_pine_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="432" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:New_England" title="Portal:New England">New England</a></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q771#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q771#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q771#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000404348629">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/130169058">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1204307/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJjXhqWY9tQdd4wPBQPWjC">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4037858-5">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79007084">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11941588j">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11941588j">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00629272">Japan</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35333005">Australia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge129979&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX452359">Spain</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000697680&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007552531405171">Israel</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058514846206706">Catalonia</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/05f68b4c-10f3-49b5-b28c-260a1b707043">MusicBrainz area</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA02915768?l=en">CiNii</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/176565507">IdRef</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10045228">NARA</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://esu.com.ua/search_articles.php?id=65987">Encyclopedia of Modern Ukraine</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Massachusetts&params=42.3_N_72_W_dim:200000_region:US-MA_type:adm1st&title=Commonwealth+of+Massachusetts">42°18′N 72°00′W / 42.3°N 72.0°W / 42.3; -72.0 (Commonwealth of Massachusetts)</a>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Massachusetts&oldid=1258534671">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Massachusetts&oldid=1258534671</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Massachusetts" title="Category:Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></li><li><a 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[\"CITEREFDangremond2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDejnozkaGiffordKapelKapel1982\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDouglas\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDupigny-Giroux,_L.A.E.L._MecrayM.D._Lemcke-StamponeG.A._Hodgkins2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEPA\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFExner2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFaraonePramas2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFermino2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFinucane\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFrank2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGavin2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGianoulis2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGoldfieldAbbottAndersonArgersinger1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGordon2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHerman2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHickey\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHogan2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHoxie1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHudak2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIrwinNagy\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJ._Pomante_IILi2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJay_Edwards2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJohn_Ouellette2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJones1879\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKaiser_Family_Foundation2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKaiser_Family_Foundation2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKamaron_McNair2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKannyNaimiLiuLu2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKaplow2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKeane2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKemp2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKoplow2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKush\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLambert2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLeddy2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLeip,_David\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLemmon\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLevenson2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLevy1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLewin2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLin2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMaGopal2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMarrCathey2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMartin2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMartinBigby2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcCammond2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcCullough2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcGinnesScaleseCreamerKaufman2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMichael_Lipka_and_Benjamin_Wormald2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMike_Winters2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMiller\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMishra2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMontgomeryWhite2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMurrin2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNational_Center_for_Chronic_Disease_Prevention_and_Health_Promotion,_Division_of_Population_Health2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNational_Center_for_Health_Statistics2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNeal1747\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNixon2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOsborne2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPacker2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPageLawrence2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPeckScherer1964\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPellegrino2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPerley2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFQuinn2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRace2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRamírez2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRettig1978\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRicklefs2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRimerFinder2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRios2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRomo2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchoenberg2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchwarz2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchweitzer2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShoichet2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSiddiquiEllementFinucane2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSokolow1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStaff2023\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFStocker2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThe_National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTheoharidesPolitoBaker\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThomas\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTooker1904\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFUnited_States_Department_of_Commerce_._International_Trade_Administration_._Enforcement_and_Compliance\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVennochi2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVoorhees2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWalsh2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWerner2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWood2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFmaster2022\"] = 1,\n [\"June_3,_2012\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"!\"] = 45,\n [\"'\"] = 1,\n [\"About\"] = 1,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Bartable\"] = 14,\n [\"Circa\"] = 1,\n [\"Citation needed\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 25,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 9,\n [\"Cite magazine\"] = 3,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 46,\n [\"Cite ngs\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite report\"] = 3,\n [\"Cite thesis\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 350,\n [\"Convert\"] = 10,\n [\"Coord\"] = 1,\n [\"DEFAULTSORT:Massachusetts, Commonwealth of\"] = 1,\n [\"Efn\"] = 3,\n [\"Endash\"] = 2,\n [\"Failed verification\"] = 1,\n [\"Flag\"] = 9,\n [\"Further\"] = 3,\n [\"Geographic location\"] = 1,\n [\"Good article\"] = 1,\n [\"Government of Massachusetts\"] = 1,\n [\"Harvnb\"] = 4,\n [\"IPA-all\"] = 1,\n [\"IPAc-en\"] = 2,\n [\"IncreaseNeutral\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox U.S. state\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox region symbols\"] = 1,\n [\"Lang\"] = 1,\n [\"Langx\"] = 1,\n [\"Largest cities\"] = 1,\n [\"Main\"] = 16,\n [\"Massachusetts\"] = 1,\n [\"Multiple image\"] = 1,\n [\"NHLS url\"] = 1,\n [\"New England\"] = 1,\n [\"Northeast US\"] = 1,\n [\"Notelist\"] = 1,\n [\"Nowrap\"] = 2,\n [\"Official website\"] = 1,\n [\"Party color cell\"] = 4,\n [\"Percentage\"] = 27,\n [\"Pie chart\"] = 1,\n [\"Portal bar\"] = 1,\n [\"Portal-inline\"] = 1,\n [\"Protected areas of Massachusetts\"] = 1,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 1,\n [\"Refend\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 2,\n [\"Respell\"] = 1,\n [\"S-aft\"] = 1,\n [\"S-bef\"] = 1,\n [\"S-end\"] = 1,\n [\"S-start\"] = 1,\n [\"S-ttl\"] = 1,\n [\"See also\"] = 8,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 44,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Sister project links\"] = 1,\n [\"Spaces\"] = 18,\n [\"Thirteen Colonies\"] = 1,\n [\"US Census population\"] = 1,\n [\"United States political divisions\"] = 1,\n [\"Update after\"] = 1,\n [\"Use American English\"] = 1,\n [\"Use mdy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 2,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\ntable#1 {\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"small\",\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"small\",\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["?","720","21.4"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","340","10.1"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","300","8.9"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getExpandedArgument","220","6.5"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","160","4.8"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::gsub","140","4.2"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::plain","120","3.6"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::preprocess","100","3.0"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::formatDate","80","2.4"],["format","60","1.8"],["[others]","1120","33.3"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-9j6r5","timestamp":"20241123114415","ttl":44161,"transientcontent":true}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Massachusetts","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Massachusetts","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q771","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q771","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2001-10-01T01:06:25Z","dateModified":"2024-11-20T06:57:57Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/f\/f2\/Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg","headline":"state of the United States of America"}</script> </body> </html>