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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Australian barrister and communist activist (1915–1988)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Edward F. Hill</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Australia_(Marxist%E2%80%93Leninist)" title="Communist Party of Australia (Marxist–Leninist)">Communist Party of Australia (Marxist–Leninist)</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />15 March 1964 – 1986</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>position established</i></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Edward Fowler Hill</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1915-04-23</span>)</span>23 April 1915<br /><a href="/wiki/Mildura,_Victoria" class="mw-redirect" title="Mildura, Victoria">Mildura, Victoria</a>, Australia</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="dday deathdate">1988-02-01</span>)</span>1 February 1988 (aged 72)<br /><a href="/wiki/Victoria,_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Victoria, Australia">Victoria</a>, Australia</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Australia_(Marxist%E2%80%93Leninist)" title="Communist Party of Australia (Marxist–Leninist)">CPA (M-L)</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data">Joyce Hill</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Essendon_High_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Essendon High School">Essendon High School</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Profession</th><td class="infobox-data">Lawyer, politician, activist</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Edward Fowler Hill</b> (23 April 1915 – 1 February 1988) was an <a href="/wiki/Australians" title="Australians">Australian</a> barrister, lawyer and <a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">communist</a> activist. He was chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Australia_(Marxist%E2%80%93Leninist)" title="Communist Party of Australia (Marxist–Leninist)">Communist Party of Australia</a> (CPA M-L) from 1964 to 1986. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ted_Hill_(Australian_communist)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hill was born on 23 April 1915 in <a href="/wiki/Mildura,_Victoria" class="mw-redirect" title="Mildura, Victoria">Mildura, Victoria</a> to James and Alice Hill. He attended school at Hamilton High School, where his father was head teacher. After leaving school he worked as a clerk for <a href="/wiki/Bill_Slater_(politician)" title="Bill Slater (politician)">Bill Slater</a>, a local <a href="/wiki/Barrister" title="Barrister">barrister</a> who was also the local <a href="/wiki/Australian_Labor_Party" title="Australian Labor Party">Labor</a> Member of Parliament. In 1933 he moved to Melbourne to study law at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Melbourne" title="University of Melbourne">University of Melbourne</a>. Despite being awarded for his academic knowledge he did not finish his legal degree until 1981. It was during his time at the university that he joined the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Australia" title="Communist Party of Australia">Communist Party of Australia</a> (CPA).<sup id="cite_ref-adb1_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adb1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He was admitted to practice as a barrister and solicitor in 1938 and soon became well known as the CPA's leading legal figure, defending the party and its members in several well-known trials. In 1951 he advised <a href="/wiki/Frank_Hardy" title="Frank Hardy">Frank Hardy</a> in his prosecution for <a href="/wiki/Criminal_libel" title="Criminal libel">criminal libel</a> over his novel <i><a href="/wiki/Power_Without_Glory" title="Power Without Glory">Power Without Glory</a></i>. Hill also represented the CPA before the 1947 <a href="/wiki/Royal_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Commission">Royal Commission</a> into Communism and the 1954 Royal Commission into alleged <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet</a> <a href="/wiki/Espionage" title="Espionage">espionage</a> in Australia (see <a href="/wiki/Petrov_Affair" title="Petrov Affair">Petrov Affair</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-adb1_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adb1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Socialism" title="Category:Socialism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#ED1F24; padding-top:0.25em; font-size:150%; font-weight:bold; color:black; line-height:1em;"><a href="/wiki/Socialism_in_Australia" title="Socialism in Australia"><span style="color:white;">Socialism in <br /> Australia</span></a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)">History</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"><b>Early history</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Australia" title="New Australia">New Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1891_Australian_shearers%27_strike" title="1891 Australian shearers' strike">1891 Australian shearers' strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Flag_riots" title="Red Flag riots">Red Flag riots</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Great_Depression_in_Australia" title="Great Depression in Australia">Great Depression and Aftermath</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Movement_Against_War_and_Fascism" title="Movement Against War and Fascism">Movement Against War and Fascism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Attempted_exclusion_of_Egon_Kisch_from_Australia" title="Attempted exclusion of Egon Kisch from Australia">Egon Kisch incident</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1938_Dalfram_dispute" title="1938 Dalfram dispute">Dalfram dispute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Armada" title="Black Armada">Black Armada</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1948_Queensland_railway_strike" title="1948 Queensland railway strike">1948 Queensland railway strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1949_Australian_coal_strike" title="1949 Australian coal strike">1949 Australian coal strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1951_Australian_Communist_Party_ban_referendum" title="1951 Australian Communist Party ban referendum">1951 Australian Communist Party ban referendum</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b><a href="/wiki/New_Left" title="New Left">New Left</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Builders_Labourers_Federation" title="Builders Labourers Federation">Builders Labourers Federation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Green_ban" title="Green ban">Green ban</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b>Contemporary</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/S11_(protest)" title="S11 (protest)">S11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_G20_ministerial_meeting#Protests" title="2006 G20 ministerial meeting">G20 protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupy_movement" title="Occupy movement">Occupy movement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Occupy_Sydney" title="Occupy Sydney">Occupy Sydney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupy_Melbourne" title="Occupy Melbourne">Occupy Melbourne</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blockade_IMARC" title="Blockade IMARC">Blockade IMARC</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)">People</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mick_Armstrong" class="mw-redirect" title="Mick Armstrong">Armstrong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eva_Bacon" title="Eva Bacon">Bacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Blackburn" title="Maurice Blackburn">Blackburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verity_Burgmann" title="Verity Burgmann">Burgmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Curtin" title="John Curtin">Curtin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Foley" title="Gary Foley">Foley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norm_Gallagher" title="Norm Gallagher">Gallagher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jock_Garden" title="Jock Garden">Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Gould_(activist)" title="Bob Gould (activist)">Gould</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Healy_(trade_unionist)" title="Jim Healy (trade unionist)">Healy</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Jolly_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Stephen Jolly (politician)">Jolly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernie_Judd" title="Ernie Judd">Judd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lane" title="William Lane">Lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humphrey_McQueen" title="Humphrey McQueen">McQueen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Mundey" title="Jack Mundey">Mundey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oodgeroo_Noonuccal" title="Oodgeroo Noonuccal">Noonuccal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Origlass" title="Nick Origlass">Origlass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarrie_O%27Shea" title="Clarrie O'Shea">O'Shea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Paterson" title="Fred Paterson">Paterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Petersen_(politician)" title="George Petersen (politician)">Petersen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Percy" title="Jim Percy">Percy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Rhiannon" title="Lee Rhiannon">Rhiannon</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)">Organisations <small>(Active)</small></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Labor_Party" title="Australian Labor Party">Australian Labor Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Australia_(1971)" title="Communist Party of Australia (1971)">Communist Party of Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Australia_(Marxist%E2%80%93Leninist)" title="Communist Party of Australia (Marxist–Leninist)">Communist Party of Australia (M–L)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Labour_Bund_(Australia)" title="Jewish Labour Bund (Australia)">Jewish Labour Bund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left_Renewal" title="Left Renewal">Left Renewal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SEARCH_Foundation" title="SEARCH Foundation">SEARCH Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Alliance_(Australia)" title="Socialist Alliance (Australia)">Socialist Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Alternative_(Australia)" title="Socialist Alternative (Australia)">Socialist Alternative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Equality_Party_(Australia)" title="Socialist Equality Party (Australia)">Socialist Equality Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solidarity_(Australia)" title="Solidarity (Australia)">Solidarity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victorian_Socialists" title="Victorian Socialists">Victorian Socialists</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)">Organisations <small>(Defunct)</small></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Socialist_Party" title="Australian Socialist Party">Australian Socialist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Australia" title="Communist Party of Australia">Communist Party of Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Alliance" title="Communist Alliance">Communist Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Association_of_Victoria" title="Democratic Association of Victoria">Democratic Association of Victoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Socialist_Perspective" title="Democratic Socialist Perspective">Democratic Socialist Perspective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gezerd" title="Gezerd">Gezerd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_Socialist_Labor_Party" title="Industrial Socialist Labor Party">Industrial Socialist Labor Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Labour_Party_(Australia)" title="Progressive Labour Party (Australia)">Progressive Labour Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Eureka_Movement" title="Red Eureka Movement">Red Eureka Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Action_(Australia)" title="Socialist Action (Australia)">Socialist Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Labor_Party_(Australia)" title="Socialist Labor Party (Australia)">Socialist Labor Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victorian_Socialist_Party" title="Victorian Socialist Party">Victorian Socialist Party</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)">Literature</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"><b>Newspapers/Journals/Magazines</b> <p><b>Active</b> </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Arena_(Australian_publishing_co-operative)" title="Arena (Australian publishing co-operative)">Arena</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Green_Left_(Australian_newspaper)" title="Green Left (Australian newspaper)">Green Left</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Overland_(magazine)" title="Overland (magazine)">Overland</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Red_Flag_(newspaper)" title="Red Flag (newspaper)">Red Flag</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Socialist_(Australian_magazine)" title="The Socialist (Australian magazine)">The Socialist</a></i></li></ul> <p><b>Historical</b> </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Australian_Left_Review" title="Australian Left Review">Australian Left Review</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_International_Socialist_(newspaper)" title="The International Socialist (newspaper)">The International Socialist</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_People:_Official_Organ_of_the_Australian_Socialist_League" title="The People: Official Organ of the Australian Socialist League">The People</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Socialist_(Australian_newspaper)" title="The Socialist (Australian newspaper)">The Socialist</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tribune_(Australian_newspaper)" title="Tribune (Australian newspaper)">The Tribune</a></i></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Australia" title="Anarchism in Australia">Anarchism in Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_labour_movement" title="Australian labour movement">Australian labour movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Australia" title="New Australia">New Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Australia" title="Politics of Australia">Politics of Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism_with_no_doctrine" title="Socialism with no doctrine">Socialism with no doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sydney_Push" title="Sydney Push">Sydney Push</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Red_flag_II.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Red_flag_II.svg/16px-Red_flag_II.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Red_flag_II.svg/24px-Red_flag_II.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Red_flag_II.svg/32px-Red_flag_II.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="411" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Socialism" title="Portal:Socialism">Socialism portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Syndicalism.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Syndicalism.svg/16px-Syndicalism.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Syndicalism.svg/24px-Syndicalism.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Syndicalism.svg/32px-Syndicalism.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="530" data-file-height="530" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Organised_Labour" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Organised Labour">Organised Labour portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/16px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/24px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/32px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Australia" title="Portal:Australia">Australia portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Socialism_in_Australia" title="Template:Socialism in Australia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Socialism_in_Australia" title="Template talk:Socialism in Australia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Socialism_in_Australia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Socialism in Australia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Split">Split</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ted_Hill_(Australian_communist)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Split"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the 1950s, Hill was Victorian State Secretary of the CPA. When the <a href="/wiki/Sino-Soviet_split" title="Sino-Soviet split">Sino-Soviet split</a> developed in the early 1960s, Hill supported the position of the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">Chinese Communist Party</a>, while the CPA majority, led by National Secretary <a href="/wiki/Laurie_Aarons" title="Laurie Aarons">Lance Sharkey</a> supported the Soviet Union. Hill was expelled from the CPA in 1963 and in March 1964 formed the Communist Party of Australia (Marxist–Leninist) (CPA(ML)), taking many militant members from the Victorian CPA with him. Among ordinary Australian voters, the attraction of Hill's party was negligible.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hill fully supported the "line" of the Chinese Communists until <a href="/wiki/Mao_Zedong" title="Mao Zedong">Mao Zedong</a>'s death in 1976, but after the 1972 change in Chinese policy away from world revolution and towards an alliance with the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, the CPA(ML) lost many of its adherents, particularly among radical students. Hill traveled to Democratic Kampuchea and met with Pol Pot.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In December 1976 he also met <a href="/wiki/Hua_Guofeng" title="Hua Guofeng">Hua Guofeng</a>, who had become <a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party">Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party</a> shortly before.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the rise of <a href="/wiki/Deng_Xiaoping" title="Deng Xiaoping">Deng Xiaoping</a> in China the CPA(ML) no longer supported Chinese policies, and became a supporter of "Australian independence." This led to a split in the CPA(ML) in 1978.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite his prominence as a Communist, Hill was able to pursue a long and distinguished legal career, as one of the best known and highly regarded <a href="/wiki/Workers_compensation" class="mw-redirect" title="Workers compensation">workers compensation</a> lawyers in Australia. He was widely praised by trade unions, judges and other lawyers, most of whom did not share his political views, on his death in 1988.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works">Works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ted_Hill_(Australian_communist)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> He wrote a number of books on Australia and Marxism: "Australia's Economic Crisis -The Way Out" "Revolution and the Australian State "etc. Some of Hill's writings can be found on the Encyclopedia of anti-Revisionism Online at the Marxists Internet,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the official website of the CPA(ML).<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chinese_version_of_Book_written_by_Ted_Hill,_Report_to_Conference_of_Marxist-Leninists.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Chinese_version_of_Book_written_by_Ted_Hill%2C_Report_to_Conference_of_Marxist-Leninists.jpg/118px-Chinese_version_of_Book_written_by_Ted_Hill%2C_Report_to_Conference_of_Marxist-Leninists.jpg" decoding="async" width="118" height="211" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Chinese_version_of_Book_written_by_Ted_Hill%2C_Report_to_Conference_of_Marxist-Leninists.jpg/178px-Chinese_version_of_Book_written_by_Ted_Hill%2C_Report_to_Conference_of_Marxist-Leninists.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Chinese_version_of_Book_written_by_Ted_Hill%2C_Report_to_Conference_of_Marxist-Leninists.jpg/237px-Chinese_version_of_Book_written_by_Ted_Hill%2C_Report_to_Conference_of_Marxist-Leninists.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="4096" /></a><figcaption>Hill's report published in People's Republic of China in 1965</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Influence">Influence</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ted_Hill_(Australian_communist)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Influence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>CPA(ML) describes its ideology as being influenced by the works of <a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Karl Marx</a>, <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Engels" title="Friedrich Engels">Friedrich Engels</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Lenin" title="Vladimir Lenin">Vladimir Lenin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mao_Zedong" title="Mao Zedong">Mao Zedong</a> and Ted Hill.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Official_Website">Official Website</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ted_Hill_(Australian_communist)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Official Website"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.efhill.com">www.efhill.com</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ted_Hill_(Australian_communist)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-adb1-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-adb1_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-adb1_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAnderson" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Anderson, Hugh. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.adb.online.anu.edu.au/biogs/A170531b.htm">"Hill, Edward Fowler (Ted) (1915–1988)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Australian_Dictionary_of_Biography" title="Australian Dictionary of Biography">Australian Dictionary of Biography</a></i>. Canberra: National Centre of Biography, <a href="/wiki/Australian_National_University" title="Australian National University">Australian National University</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-522-84459-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-522-84459-7"><bdi>978-0-522-84459-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1833-7538">1833-7538</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/70677943">70677943</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Hill%2C+Edward+Fowler+%28Ted%29+%281915%E2%80%931988%29&rft.btitle=Australian+Dictionary+of+Biography&rft.place=Canberra&rft.pub=National+Centre+of+Biography%2C+Australian+National+University&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F70677943&rft.issn=1833-7538&rft.isbn=978-0-522-84459-7&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=Hugh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.adb.online.anu.edu.au%2Fbiogs%2FA170531b.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATed+Hill+%28Australian+communist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110517205100/http://www.sydneyline.com/Mao%20and%20Australian%20Maoists.htm">"The Sydney Line"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sydneyline.com/Mao%20and%20Australian%20Maoists.htm">the original</a> on 17 May 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Sydney+Line&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sydneyline.com%2FMao%2520and%2520Australian%2520Maoists.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATed+Hill+%28Australian+communist%29" class="Z3988"></span> Ted Hill had broken with the Moscow-oriented Communist Party of Australia, to found the rival, Peking-backed Communist Party of Australia (Marxist–Leninist). Among ordinary Australian voters, the attraction of Hill's party was negligible</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hatfulofhistory.wordpress.com/2022/01/17/ted-hill-the-khmer-rouge-and-australian-maoism-1977-1980/comment-page-1/">"Ted Hill, the Khmer Rouge and Australian Maoism, 1977-1980"</a>. <i>New Historical Express</i>. 17 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+Historical+Express&rft.atitle=Ted+Hill%2C+the+Khmer+Rouge+and+Australian+Maoism%2C+1977-1980&rft.date=2022-01-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhatfulofhistory.wordpress.com%2F2022%2F01%2F17%2Fted-hill-the-khmer-rouge-and-australian-maoism-1977-1980%2Fcomment-page-1%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATed+Hill+%28Australian+communist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Beijing Review 51/1976, p. 3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marxists.org/history/erol/australia/index.htm">"Anti-Revisionism in Australia – Index Page"</a>. <i>www.marxists.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.marxists.org&rft.atitle=Anti-Revisionism+in+Australia+%E2%80%93+Index+Page&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.marxists.org%2Fhistory%2Ferol%2Faustralia%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATed+Hill+%28Australian+communist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHill" class="citation book cs1">Hill, Edward. <i>Revolution and the Australian State</i>. Australia. pp. <span class="nowrap">1–</span>2.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Revolution+and+the+Australian+State&rft.place=Australia&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E2&rft.aulast=Hill&rft.aufirst=Edward&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATed+Hill+%28Australian+communist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141106143245/http://vanguard.net.au/2008/latestnews.php?subaction=showfull&id=1393312538&archive=&start_from=&ucat=1&">"Vanguard Online - Communist Party of Australia Marxist Leninist"</a>. 6 November 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vanguard.net.au/2008/latestnews.php?subaction=showfull&id=1393312538&archive=&start_from=&ucat=1&">the original</a> on 6 November 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vanguard+Online+-+Communist+Party+of+Australia+Marxist+Leninist&rft.date=2014-11-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvanguard.net.au%2F2008%2Flatestnews.php%3Fsubaction%3Dshowfull%26id%3D1393312538%26archive%3D%26start_from%3D%26ucat%3D1%26&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATed+Hill+%28Australian+communist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output 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style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agrarian_socialism" title="Agrarian socialism">Agrarian socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antagonistic_contradiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Antagonistic contradiction">Antagonistic contradiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-imperialism" title="Anti-imperialism">Anti-imperialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-revisionism_(Marxism%E2%80%93Leninism)" title="Anti-revisionism (Marxism–Leninism)">Anti-revisionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitalist_roader" title="Capitalist roader">Capitalist roader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comprador" title="Comprador">Comprador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continuous_Revolution_Theory" title="Continuous Revolution Theory">Continuous Revolution Theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_Revolution" title="Cultural Revolution">Cultural Revolution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Four_Olds" title="Four Olds">Four Olds</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxism%E2%80%93Leninism" title="Marxism–Leninism">Marxism–Leninism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_line" title="Mass line">Mass line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newborn_socialist_things" title="Newborn socialist things">Newborn socialist things</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Democracy" title="New Democracy">New Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_Divides_into_Two" title="One Divides into Two">One Divides into Two</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_war" title="People's war">People's war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Probable_defeat" title="Probable defeat">Probable defeat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proletarian_nation#Use_in_Maoism" title="Proletarian nation">Proletarian nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_base_area" title="Revolutionary base area">Revolutionary base area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seek_truth_from_facts" title="Seek truth from facts">Seek truth from facts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_and_self-criticism_(Marxism%E2%80%93Leninism)" title="Criticism and self-criticism (Marxism–Leninism)">Self-criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_imperialism" title="Social imperialism">Social imperialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Worlds_Theory" title="Three Worlds Theory">Three Worlds Theory</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Variants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maoism%E2%80%93Third_Worldism" title="Maoism–Third Worldism">Maoism–Third Worldism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mao-spontex" title="Mao-spontex">Mao-spontex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxism%E2%80%93Leninism%E2%80%93Maoism" title="Marxism–Leninism–Maoism">Marxism–Leninism–Maoism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gonzalo_Thought" title="Gonzalo Thought">Gonzalo Thought</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxism%E2%80%93Leninism%E2%80%93Maoism%E2%80%93Prachanda_Path" title="Marxism–Leninism–Maoism–Prachanda Path">Prachanda Path</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mao_Zedong" title="Mao Zedong">Mao Zedong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faiz_Ahmad" title="Faiz Ahmad">Faiz Ahmad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Althusser" title="Louis Althusser">Louis Althusser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samir_Amin" title="Samir Amin">Samir Amin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Avakian" title="Bob Avakian">Bob Avakian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alain_Badiou" title="Alain Badiou">Alain Badiou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohan_Baidya" title="Mohan Baidya">Mohan Baidya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afzal_Bangash" title="Afzal Bangash">Afzal Bangash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Bettelheim" title="Charles Bettelheim">Charles Bettelheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biplav" title="Biplav">Biplav</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bo_Xilai" title="Bo Xilai">Bo Xilai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Boda" title="Chen Boda">Chen Boda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chin_Peng" title="Chin Peng">Chin Peng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pushpa_Kamal_Dahal" title="Pushpa Kamal Dahal">Pushpa Kamal Dahal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saroj_Dutta" title="Saroj Dutta">Saroj Dutta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norm_Gallagher" title="Norm Gallagher">Norm Gallagher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abimael_Guzm%C3%A1n" title="Abimael Guzmán">Abimael Guzmán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Haywood" title="Harry Haywood">Harry Haywood</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ted Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0brahim_Kaypakkaya" title="İbrahim Kaypakkaya">İbrahim Kaypakkaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiang_Qing" title="Jiang Qing">Jiang Qing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kang_Sheng" title="Kang Sheng">Kang Sheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Minqi" title="Li Minqi">Li Minqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lin_Biao" title="Lin Biao">Lin Biao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charu_Majumdar" title="Charu Majumdar">Charu Majumdar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Mulele" title="Pierre Mulele">Pierre Mulele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huey_P._Newton" title="Huey P. Newton">Huey P. Newton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nie_Yuanzi" title="Nie Yuanzi">Nie Yuanzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qi_Benyu" title="Qi Benyu">Qi Benyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganapathy_(Maoist)" title="Ganapathy (Maoist)">Muppala Lakshmana Rao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narayan_Sanyal_(politician)" title="Narayan Sanyal (politician)">Narayan Sanyal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siraj_Sikder" title="Siraj Sikder">Siraj Sikder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jose_Maria_Sison" title="Jose Maria Sison">Jose Maria Sison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Hongwen" title="Wang Hongwen">Wang Hongwen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yao_Wenyuan" title="Yao Wenyuan">Yao Wenyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akram_Yari" title="Akram Yari">Akram Yari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Chunqiao" title="Zhang Chunqiao">Zhang Chunqiao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salim_Rubaya_Ali" title="Salim Rubaya Ali">Salmin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Theoretical<br />works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-style:italic;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Report_on_an_Investigation_of_the_Peasant_Movement_in_Hunan" title="Report on an Investigation of the Peasant Movement in Hunan">Report on an Investigation of the Peasant<br />Movement in Hunan</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1927)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On_Contradiction" title="On Contradiction">On Contradiction</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1937)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On_Practice" title="On Practice">On Practice</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1937)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On_Guerrilla_Warfare_(Mao_Zedong_book)" title="On Guerrilla Warfare (Mao Zedong book)">On Guerrilla Warfare</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1937)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On_Protracted_War" title="On Protracted War">On Protracted War</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1938)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ten_Major_Relationships" title="Ten Major Relationships">On the Ten Major Relationships</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1956)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On_the_Correct_Handling_of_Contradictions_Among_the_People" title="On the Correct Handling of Contradictions Among the People">On the Correct Handling of Contradictions<br />Among the People</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1957)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Critique_of_Soviet_Economics" title="A Critique of Soviet Economics">A Critique of Soviet Economics</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1960)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quotations_from_Chairman_Mao_Tse-tung" title="Quotations from Chairman Mao Tse-tung">Quotations from Chairman Mao Tse-tung</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1964)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historic_Eight_Documents" title="Historic Eight Documents">Historic Eight Documents</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1965—1966)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombard_the_Headquarters" title="Bombard the Headquarters">Bombard the Headquarters</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1966)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Settlers:_The_Mythology_of_the_White_Proletariat" title="Settlers: The Mythology of the White Proletariat">Settlers: The Mythology of the White Proletariat</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1983)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Soviet_Republic" title="Chinese Soviet Republic">Chinese Soviet Republic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jiangxi_Soviet" title="Jiangxi Soviet">Jiangxi Soviet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March" title="Long March">Long March</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Revolution" title="Chinese Communist Revolution">Chinese Communist Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="History of the People's Republic of China">People's Republic of China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_(1949%E2%80%931976)" title="History of the People's Republic of China (1949–1976)">1949–1976</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_(1976%E2%80%931989)" title="History of the People's Republic of China (1976–1989)">1976–1989</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_(1989%E2%80%932002)" title="History of the People's Republic of China (1989–2002)">1989–2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_(2002%E2%80%93present)" title="History of the People's Republic of China (2002–present)">2002–present</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campaign_to_Suppress_Counterrevolutionaries" title="Campaign to Suppress Counterrevolutionaries">Campaign to Suppress Counterrevolutionaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Soviet_split" title="Sino-Soviet split">Sino-Soviet split</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Leap_Forward" title="Great Leap Forward">Great Leap Forward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_power_movement" title="Black power movement">Black power movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_Revolution" title="Cultural Revolution">Cultural Revolution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/16_May_Notification" title="16 May Notification">16 May Notification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_August" title="Red August">Red August</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_Storm" title="January Storm">January Storm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Down_to_the_Countryside_Movement" title="Down to the Countryside Movement">Down to the Countryside Movement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Communist_movement" title="New Communist movement">New Communist movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_Civil_War" title="Cambodian Civil War">Cambodian Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naxalite%E2%80%93Maoist_insurgency" title="Naxalite–Maoist insurgency">Naxalite–Maoist insurgency</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Naxalbari_uprising" title="Naxalbari uprising">Naxalbari uprising</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_People%27s_Army_rebellion" title="New People's Army rebellion">New People's Army rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Albanian_split" title="Sino-Albanian split">Sino-Albanian split</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maoist_insurgency_in_Turkey" title="Maoist insurgency in Turkey">Maoist insurgency in Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_and_state_funeral_of_Mao_Zedong" title="Death and state funeral of Mao Zedong">Death and funeral of Mao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian%E2%80%93Vietnamese_War" title="Cambodian–Vietnamese War">Cambodian–Vietnamese War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two_Whatevers" title="Two Whatevers">Two Whatevers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peruvian_Civil_War_of_1980%E2%80%932000" class="mw-redirect" title="Peruvian Civil War of 1980–2000">Peruvian Civil War of 1980–2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_Civil_War" title="Nepalese Civil War">Nepalese Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chongqing_model" title="Chongqing model">Chongqing model</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">Chinese Communist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shining_Path" title="Shining Path">Communist Party of Peru – Shining Path</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Front_of_the_Philippines" title="National Democratic Front of the Philippines">National Democratic Front of the Philippines</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_the_Philippines" title="Communist Party of the Philippines">Communist Party of the Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_People%27s_Army" title="New People's Army">New People's Army</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Turkey/Marxist%E2%80%93Leninist" title="Communist Party of Turkey/Marxist–Leninist">Communist Party of Turkey/Marxist–Leninist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Nepal_(Maoist_Centre)" title="Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre)">Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_India_(Maoist)" title="Communist Party of India (Maoist)">Communist Party of India (Maoist)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proletarian_Party_of_East_Bengal" title="Proletarian Party of East Bengal">Proletarian Party of East Bengal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Burma" title="Communist Party of Burma">Communist Party of Burma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Ecuador_%E2%80%93_Red_Sun" title="Communist Party of Ecuador – Red Sun">Communist Party of Ecuador – Red Sun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serve_the_People_(Norway)" title="Serve the People (Norway)">Serve the People – Communist League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Panther_Party" title="Black Panther Party">Black Panther Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Internationalist_Movement" title="Revolutionary Internationalist Movement">Revolutionary Internationalist Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_(Maoist)_Party_of_Afghanistan" title="Communist (Maoist) Party of Afghanistan">Communist (Maoist) Party of Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Conference_of_Marxist%E2%80%93Leninist_Parties_and_Organizations_(International_Newsletter)" title="International Conference of Marxist–Leninist Parties and Organizations (International Newsletter)">International Conference of Marxist–Leninist<br />Parties and Organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Communist_League_(Maoist)" title="International Communist League (Maoist)">International Communist League</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related<br />topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_China" title="Anarchism in China">Anarchism in China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big-character_poster" title="Big-character poster">Big-character poster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feudal_fascism" title="Feudal fascism">Feudal fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoxhaism" title="Hoxhaism">Hoxhaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guevarism" title="Guevarism">Guevarism</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Juche" title="Juche">Juche</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left_communism_in_China" title="Left communism in China">Left communism in China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mao_Zedong%27s_cult_of_personality" title="Mao Zedong's cult of personality">Mao's cult of personality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanjie" title="Nanjie">Nanjie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_communism" title="National communism">National communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Democracy_(Philippines)" title="National Democracy (Philippines)">National Democracy Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naxalism" title="Naxalism">Naxalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi-Maoism" title="Nazi-Maoism">Nazi-Maoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Left" title="New Left">New Left</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_New_Left" title="Chinese New Left">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Left_in_Japan" title="New Left in Japan">Japanese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Guards" title="Red Guards">Red Guards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Star_Over_China" title="Red Star Over China">Red Star Over China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_ideology_of_the_Kuomintang" title="Socialist ideology of the Kuomintang">Socialist ideology of the Kuomintang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thought_reform_in_China" title="Thought reform in China">Thought reform in 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