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<span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_beginning" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_beginning"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>The beginning</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_beginning-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vedic_schools" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vedic_schools"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Vedic schools</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vedic_schools-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Emergence_of_Arya_Samaj_in_Punjab" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Emergence_of_Arya_Samaj_in_Punjab"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Emergence of Arya Samaj in Punjab</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Emergence_of_Arya_Samaj_in_Punjab-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Growth_of_Arya_Samaj_after_Dayanand" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Growth_of_Arya_Samaj_after_Dayanand"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Growth of Arya Samaj after Dayanand</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Growth_of_Arya_Samaj_after_Dayanand-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Growth of Arya Samaj after Dayanand subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Growth_of_Arya_Samaj_after_Dayanand-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Arya_Samaj_in_Punjab" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arya_Samaj_in_Punjab"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Arya Samaj in Punjab</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arya_Samaj_in_Punjab-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arya_Samaj_in_Sindh" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arya_Samaj_in_Sindh"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Arya Samaj in Sindh</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arya_Samaj_in_Sindh-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arya_Samaj_in_Gujarat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arya_Samaj_in_Gujarat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Arya Samaj in Gujarat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arya_Samaj_in_Gujarat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reconversion_in_Malabar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reconversion_in_Malabar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Reconversion in Malabar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reconversion_in_Malabar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Views_of_Orthodox_Hindu_on_the_Samaj" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Views_of_Orthodox_Hindu_on_the_Samaj"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Views of Orthodox Hindu on the Samaj</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Views_of_Orthodox_Hindu_on_the_Samaj-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arya_Samaj_in_Hyderabad_state" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arya_Samaj_in_Hyderabad_state"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Arya Samaj in Hyderabad state</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arya_Samaj_in_Hyderabad_state-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Language_issue" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Language_issue"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>Language issue</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Language_issue-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Humanitarian_efforts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Humanitarian_efforts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.8</span> <span>Humanitarian efforts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Humanitarian_efforts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Contemporary_Arya_Samaj" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Contemporary_Arya_Samaj"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Contemporary Arya Samaj</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Contemporary_Arya_Samaj-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Contemporary Arya Samaj subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Contemporary_Arya_Samaj-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Arya_Samaj_in_India" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arya_Samaj_in_India"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Arya Samaj in India</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arya_Samaj_in_India-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arya_Samaj_around_the_world" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arya_Samaj_around_the_world"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Arya Samaj around the world</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arya_Samaj_around_the_world-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Core_beliefs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Core_beliefs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Core beliefs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Core_beliefs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Practices" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Practices"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Practices</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Practices-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Practices subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Practices-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Diwali" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diwali"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Diwali</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Diwali-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Holi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Holi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Holi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Holi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arya_Samaj_across_the_world" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arya_Samaj_across_the_world"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Arya Samaj across the world</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arya_Samaj_across_the_world-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Arya Samaj</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 40 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-40" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">40 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C" title="আৰ্য সমাজ – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="আৰ্য সমাজ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C" title="आर्य समाज – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="आर्य समाज" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C" title="আর্য সমাজ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আর্য সমাজ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arya_Samaj" title="Arya Samaj – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Arya Samaj" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arya_Samaj" title="Arya Samaj – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Arya Samaj" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arja_Sama%C4%9D" title="Arja Samaĝ – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Arja Samaĝ" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%87_%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AC" title="آریه سماج – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آریه سماج" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%80rya-Sam%C4%81j" title="Ārya-Samāj – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ārya-Samāj" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%86%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%AF_%E0%AA%B8%E0%AA%AE%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%9C" title="આર્ય સમાજ – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="આર્ય સમાજ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arya_Samaj" title="Arya Samaj – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="Arya Samaj" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C" title="आर्य समाज – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="आर्य समाज" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arya_Samaj" title="Arya Samaj – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Arya Samaj" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%86%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF_%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%9C" title="ಆರ್ಯ ಸಮಾಜ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಆರ್ಯ ಸಮಾಜ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arya_Samaj" title="Arya Samaj – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Arya Samaj" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arja_samad%C5%BE" title="Arja samadž – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Arja samadž" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C" title="आर्य समाज – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="आर्य समाज" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%82" title="ആര്യസമാജം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ആര്യസമാജം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C" title="आर्य समाज – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="आर्य समाज" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AC" title="اريا ساماج – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اريا ساماج" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arya_Samaj" title="Arya Samaj – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Arya Samaj" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C" title="आर्य समाज – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="आर्य समाज" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AA%E3%83%A4%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B5%E3%83%9E%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B8" title="アーリヤ・サマージ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アーリヤ・サマージ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arya_Samaj" title="Arya Samaj – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Arya Samaj" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C" title="ਆਰੀਆ ਸਮਾਜ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਆਰੀਆ ਸਮਾਜ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7_%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AC" title="آریا سماج – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="آریا سماج" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arja_Samad%C5%BA" title="Arja Samadź – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Arja Samadź" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%8C%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B6" title="Арья самадж – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Арья самадж" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%83" title="आर्यसमाजः – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="आर्यसमाजः" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A1%E1%B1%9A_%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B6%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%9F" title="ᱟᱨᱡᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱟᱨᱡᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7_%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AC" title="آریا سماج – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="آریا سماج" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AC" title="آريا سماج – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="آريا سماج" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arya_Samaj" title="Arya Samaj – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Arya Samaj" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9C%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="ஆரிய சமாஜம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஆரிய சமாஜம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%8C%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B6" title="Арья Самадж – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Арья Самадж" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%86%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%8D" title="ఆర్యసమాజ్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఆర్యసమాజ్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A" title="อารยสมาช – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อารยสมาช" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%91_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%B7" title="Ориё самаҷ – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ориё самаҷ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%27%D1%8F-%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B6" title="Ар'я-самадж – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ар'я-самадж" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B1%DB%8C%DB%81_%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AC" title="آریہ سماج – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="آریہ سماج" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Arya Samaj</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Arya_Samaj_official_logo.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/0/07/Arya_Samaj_official_logo.gif" decoding="async" width="175" height="175" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="175" data-file-height="175" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Official logo, featuring <i><a href="/wiki/Om" title="Om">Aum</a></i> with <i><a href="/wiki/Pluti" class="mw-redirect" title="Pluti">pluti</a></i> (<span title="Sanskrit-language text"><span lang="sa">ओ३म्</span></span>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Formation</th><td class="infobox-data note">10 April 1875<span class="noprint"> (149 years ago)</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1875-04-10</span>)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Bombay" class="mw-redirect" title="Bombay">Bombay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bombay_Presidency" title="Bombay Presidency">Bombay Presidency</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British India</a> (present-day <a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Mumbai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dayananda_Saraswati" title="Dayananda Saraswati">Dayananda Saraswati</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Religious_organisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Religious organisation">Religious organisation</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Legal status</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Foundation_(nonprofit)" title="Foundation (nonprofit)">Foundation</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Purpose</th><td class="infobox-data">Educational, <a href="/wiki/Religious_studies" title="Religious studies">Religious studies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spirituality" title="Spirituality">Spirituality</a>, Social Reforms</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Area served </div></th><td class="infobox-data">Worldwide</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Official language </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hindi" 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.sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="border-collapse:collapse; text-align:center"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Hinduism" title="Category:Hinduism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="padding:0.2em;background:#FFC569;margin-bottom:0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Om" title="Om"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/1_Om.svg/90px-1_Om.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/1_Om.svg/135px-1_Om.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/1_Om.svg/180px-1_Om.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="356" data-file-height="367" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above hlist" style="padding-bottom:0.35em; border:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindus" title="Hindus">Hindus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_mythology" title="Hindu mythology">Mythology</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border:1px solid #FFC569;background:#FFC569;padding-top:0.1em;padding-left:3em; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Hinduism" title="History of Hinduism">Origins</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color:#FDE7B9; border:2px solid #FDE7B9"><b>Historical</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Hinduism" title="History of Hinduism">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_of_the_Indus_Valley_Civilization" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion of the Indus Valley Civilization">Indus Valley Civilisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedic_Hinduism" class="mw-redirect" title="Vedic Hinduism">Vedic Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dravidian_folk_religion" title="Dravidian folk religion">Dravidian folk religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Arama%E1%B9%87a" title="Śramaṇa">Śramaṇa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribal_religions_in_India" title="Tribal religions in India">Tribal religions in India</a></li></ul> <p><b>Traditional</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Itihasa-Purana" title="Itihasa-Purana">Itihasa-Purana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epic-Puranic_royal_genealogies" title="Epic-Puranic royal genealogies">Epic-Puranic royal genealogies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epic-Puranic_chronology" title="Epic-Puranic chronology">Epic-Puranic chronology</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border:1px solid #FFC569;background:#FFC569;padding-top:0.1em;padding-left:3em; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Sampradaya" title="Sampradaya">Sampradaya (Traditions)</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color:#FDE7B9; border:2px solid #FDE7B9"> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Major Sampradaya (Traditions)</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vaishnavism" title="Vaishnavism">Vaishnavism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pancharatra" title="Pancharatra">Pancharatra</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaivism" title="Shaivism">Shaivism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kapalika" title="Kapalika">Kapalika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashupata_Shaivism" title="Pashupata Shaivism">Pashupata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratyabhijna" title="Pratyabhijna">Pratyabhijña</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaktism" title="Shaktism">Shaktism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smarta_tradition" title="Smarta tradition">Smartism</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><i><a href="/wiki/Hindu_denominations" title="Hindu denominations">Other Sampradaya (Traditions)</a></i></div></dt></dl></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border:1px solid #FFC569;background:#FFC569;padding-top:0.1em;padding-left:3em; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Hindu_deities" title="Hindu deities">Deities</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color:#FDE7B9; border:2px solid #FDE7B9"> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Brahman" title="Brahman">Absolute Reality / Unifying Force</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brahman" title="Brahman">Brahman</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Trimurti" title="Trimurti">Trimurti</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brahma" title="Brahma">Brahma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishnu" title="Vishnu">Vishnu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiva" title="Shiva">Shiva</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Tridevi" title="Tridevi">Tridevi</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saraswati" title="Saraswati">Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakshmi" title="Lakshmi">Lakshmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parvati" title="Parvati">Parvati</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Other major <a href="/wiki/Deva_(Hinduism)" title="Deva (Hinduism)">Devas</a> / <a href="/wiki/Devi" title="Devi">Devis</a></div></dt></dl> <dl><dd><i>Vedic Deities:</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tridasha" class="mw-redirect" title="Tridasha">Tridasha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adityas" title="Adityas">Adityas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudras" title="Rudras">Rudras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasus" class="mw-redirect" title="Vasus">Vasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashvins" title="Ashvins">Ashvins</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahadevi" title="Mahadevi">Mahadevi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rigvedic_deities" title="Rigvedic deities">Other Vedic Deities</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><i>Post-Vedic:</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avatar" title="Avatar">Avatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dashavatara" title="Dashavatara">Dashavatara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durga" title="Durga">Durga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navadurga" title="Navadurga">Navadurga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahavidya" title="Mahavidya">Mahavidya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kartikeya" title="Kartikeya">Kartikeya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganesha" title="Ganesha">Ganesha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanuman" title="Hanuman">Hanuman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radha" title="Radha">Radha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakti" title="Shakti">Shakti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sita" title="Sita">Sita</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Devata" title="Devata">Devatas</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vishvakarma" title="Vishvakarma">Vishvakarma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kubera" title="Kubera">Kubera</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border:1px solid #FFC569;background:#FFC569;padding-top:0.1em;padding-left:3em; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Hindu_philosophy" title="Hindu philosophy">Concepts</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color:#FDE7B9; border:2px solid #FDE7B9"> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Worldview</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_cosmology" title="Hindu cosmology">Cosmology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_mythology" title="Hindu mythology">Mythology</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Ontology</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tattva" title="Tattva">Tattvas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanmatras" title="Tanmatras">Subtle elements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panchikarana" title="Panchikarana">Panchikarana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pancha_Bhuta" title="Pancha Bhuta">Gross elements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gu%E1%B9%87a" title="Guṇa">Guṇas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purusha" title="Purusha">Purusha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prak%E1%B9%9Bti" title="Prakṛti">Prakṛti</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Para_Brahman" title="Para Brahman">Supreme reality</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brahman" title="Brahman">Brahman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nirguna_brahman" class="mw-redirect" title="Nirguna brahman">Nirguna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saguna_brahman" title="Saguna brahman">Saguna</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Om" title="Om">Om</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saccid%C4%81nanda" title="Saccidānanda">Saccidānanda</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">God</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ishvara" title="Ishvara">Ishvara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deva_(Hinduism)" title="Deva (Hinduism)">Devas</a> / <a href="/wiki/Devi" title="Devi">Devi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devata" title="Devata">Devatas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_in_Hinduism" title="God in Hinduism">God in Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_and_gender_in_Hinduism" title="God and gender in Hinduism">God and gender</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Puru%E1%B9%A3%C4%81rtha" title="Puruṣārtha">Puruṣārtha (Meaning of life)</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dharma" title="Dharma">Dharma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artha" title="Artha">Artha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kama" title="Kama">Kama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moksha" title="Moksha">Moksha</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/%C4%80%C5%9Brama_(stage)" title="Āśrama (stage)">Āśrama (Stages of life)</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brahmacharya" title="Brahmacharya">Brahmacharya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%E1%B9%9Bhastha" title="Gṛhastha">Gṛhastha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C4%81naprastha" title="Vānaprastha">Vānaprastha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sannyasa" title="Sannyasa">Sannyasa</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Three_Yogas" title="Three Yogas">Three paths to liberation</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhakti_yoga" title="Bhakti yoga">Bhakti yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jnana_yoga" title="Jnana yoga">Jnana yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karma_yoga" title="Karma yoga">Karma yoga</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Moksha" title="Moksha">Liberation</a></div></dt></dl> <dl><dd><i>Mokṣa-related topics:</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paramatman" title="Paramatman">Paramātman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_(religion)" title="Maya (religion)">Maya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karma" title="Karma">Karma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sa%E1%B9%83s%C4%81ra" title="Saṃsāra">Saṃsāra</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Mind</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C4%80tman_(Hinduism)" title="Ātman (Hinduism)">Ātman (self)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/An%C4%81tman_(Hinduism)" title="Anātman (Hinduism)">Anātman (non-self)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_bodies_doctrine" title="Three bodies doctrine">Sūkṣma śarīra (subtle body)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antahkarana" title="Antahkarana">Antaḥkaraṇa (mental organs)</a><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Praj%C3%B1%C4%81_(Hinduism)" title="Prajñā (Hinduism)">Prajña (wisdom)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%80nanda_(Hindu_philosophy)" title="Ānanda (Hindu philosophy)">Ānanda (happiness)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viveka" title="Viveka">Viveka (discernment)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vairagya" title="Vairagya">Vairagya (dispassion)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samatva" title="Samatva">Sama (equanimity)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temperance_(virtue)#Hinduism" title="Temperance (virtue)">Dama (temperance)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uparati" title="Uparati">Uparati (self-settledness)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titiksha" title="Titiksha">Titiksha (forbearance)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faith_in_Hinduism" title="Faith in Hinduism">Shraddha (faith)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam%C4%81dh%C4%81na" title="Samādhāna">Samadhana (concentration)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arishadvargas" title="Arishadvargas">Arishadvargas (six enemies)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahamkara" title="Ahamkara">Ahamkara (attachment)</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Ethics</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethics_in_religion#Hindu_ethics" title="Ethics in religion">Niti śastra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamas" title="Yamas">Yamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niyama" title="Niyama">Niyama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahimsa" title="Ahimsa">Ahimsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achourya" title="Achourya">Achourya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-possession" title="Non-possession">Aparigraha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahmacharya" title="Brahmacharya">Brahmacharya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satya" title="Satya">Satya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temperance_(virtue)#Hinduism" title="Temperance (virtue)">Damah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compassion#Hinduism" title="Compassion">Dayā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akrodha" title="Akrodha">Akrodha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arjava" title="Arjava">Arjava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santosha" title="Santosha">Santosha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapas_(Indian_religions)" title="Tapas (Indian religions)">Tapas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sv%C4%81dhy%C4%81ya" title="Svādhyāya">Svādhyāya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaucha" title="Shaucha">Shaucha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitahara" title="Mitahara">Mitahara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C4%81na" title="Dāna">Dāna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9A%C4%81stra_pram%C4%81%E1%B9%87am_in_Hinduism" class="mw-redirect" title="Śāstra pramāṇam in Hinduism">Sources of dharma</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Pramana" title="Pramana">Epistemology</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pratyaksha" title="Pratyaksha">Pratyakṣa (perception)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pramana#Anumāṇa" title="Pramana">Anumāṇa (inference)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upam%C4%81%E1%B9%87a" title="Upamāṇa">Upamāṇa (comparison, analogy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pramana#Arthāpatti" title="Pramana">Arthāpatti (postulation, presumption)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pramana#Anupalabdi" title="Pramana">Anupalabdi (non-perception, negation)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shabda" title="Shabda">Śabda (word, testimony)</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border:1px solid #FFC569;background:#FFC569;padding-top:0.1em;padding-left:3em; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Practices</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color:#FDE7B9; border:2px solid #FDE7B9"> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Worship_in_Hinduism" title="Worship in Hinduism">Worship</a>, sacrifice, and charity</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Puja_(Hinduism)" title="Puja (Hinduism)">Puja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arti_(Hinduism)" title="Arti (Hinduism)">Ārtī</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayer_in_Hinduism" title="Prayer in Hinduism">Prarthana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Arauta" title="Śrauta">Śrauta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_temple" title="Hindu temple">Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murti" title="Murti">Murti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhakti" title="Bhakti">Bhakti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japa" title="Japa">Japa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhajan" title="Bhajan">Bhajana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirtan" title="Kirtan">Kīrtana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yajna" title="Yajna">Yajna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homa_(ritual)" title="Homa (ritual)">Homa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarpana" title="Tarpana">Tarpana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vrata" title="Vrata">Vrata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pr%C4%81ya%C5%9Bcitta" title="Prāyaścitta">Prāyaścitta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirtha_(Hinduism)" title="Tirtha (Hinduism)">Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yatra" title="Yatra">Yatra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_pilgrimage_sites_in_India" title="Hindu pilgrimage sites in India">Tirthadana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matha" title="Matha">Matha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_classical_dance" title="Indian classical dance">Nritta-Nritya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C4%81na" title="Dāna">Dāna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sev%C4%81" title="Sevā">Sevā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga" title="Yoga">Yoga</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Meditation</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tapas_(Indian_religions)" title="Tapas (Indian religions)">Tapas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhyana_in_Hinduism" title="Dhyana in Hinduism">Dhyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam%C4%81dh%C4%81na" title="Samādhāna">Samādhāna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nididhy%C4%81sana" title="Nididhyāsana">Nididhyāsana</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Yoga" title="Yoga">Yoga</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sadhu" title="Sadhu">Sadhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yogi" title="Yogi">Yogi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yogini" title="Yogini">Yogini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asana" title="Asana">Asana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C4%81dhan%C4%81" title="Sādhanā">Sādhanā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatha_yoga" title="Hatha yoga">Hatha yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jnana_yoga" title="Jnana yoga">Jnana yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhakti_yoga" title="Bhakti yoga">Bhakti yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karma_yoga" title="Karma yoga">Karma yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C4%81ja_yoga" title="Rāja yoga">Rāja yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kundalini_yoga" title="Kundalini yoga">Kundalini yoga</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Hindu_art" title="Hindu art">Arts</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bharatanatyam" title="Bharatanatyam">Bharatanatyam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathak" title="Kathak">Kathak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathakali" title="Kathakali">Kathakali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuchipudi" title="Kuchipudi">Kuchipudi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manipuri_dance" title="Manipuri dance">Manipuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohiniyattam" title="Mohiniyattam">Mohiniyattam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odissi" title="Odissi">Odissi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sattriya" title="Sattriya">Sattriya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhagavata_Mela" title="Bhagavata Mela">Bhagavata Mela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakshagana" title="Yakshagana">Yakshagana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dandiya_Raas" title="Dandiya Raas">Dandiya Raas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnatic_music" title="Carnatic music">Carnatic music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandav_Lila" title="Pandav Lila">Pandav Lila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalaripayattu" title="Kalaripayattu">Kalaripayattu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silambam" title="Silambam">Silambam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adimurai" title="Adimurai">Adimurai</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Samskara_(rite_of_passage)" title="Samskara (rite of passage)">Rites of passage</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Garbhadhana" title="Garbhadhana">Garbhadhana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pumsavana" title="Pumsavana">Pumsavana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pumsavana_Simantonayana" title="Pumsavana Simantonayana">Pumsavana Simantonayana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simantonnayana" title="Simantonnayana">Simantonnayana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jatakarma" title="Jatakarma">Jatakarma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C4%81makara%E1%B9%87a" title="Nāmakaraṇa">Nāmakaraṇa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nishkramana" title="Nishkramana">Nishkramana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annaprashana" title="Annaprashana">Annaprashana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chudakarana" title="Chudakarana">Chudakarana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karnavedha" title="Karnavedha">Karnavedha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vidy%C4%81ra%E1%B9%83bha%E1%B9%83" title="Vidyāraṃbhaṃ">Vidyāraṃbhaṃ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upanayana" title="Upanayana">Upanayana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keshanta" title="Keshanta">Keshanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ritu_Kala_Samskaram" title="Ritu Kala Samskaram">Ritushuddhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samavartanam" title="Samavartanam">Samavartanam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_wedding" title="Hindu wedding">Vivaha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antyesti" title="Antyesti">Antyesti</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hindu_festivals" title="List of Hindu festivals">Festivals</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diwali" title="Diwali">Diwali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holi" title="Holi">Holi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maha_Shivaratri" title="Maha Shivaratri">Maha Shivaratri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navaratri" title="Navaratri">Navaratri</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Durga_Puja" title="Durga Puja">Durga Puja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramlila" title="Ramlila">Ramlila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vijayadashami" title="Vijayadashami">Vijayadashami-Dussehra</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raksha_Bandhan" title="Raksha Bandhan">Raksha Bandhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganesh_Chaturthi" title="Ganesh Chaturthi">Ganesh Chaturthi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasant_Panchami" title="Vasant Panchami">Vasant Panchami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rama_Navami" title="Rama Navami">Rama Navami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishna_Janmashtami" title="Krishna Janmashtami">Janmashtami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onam" title="Onam">Onam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makar_Sankranti" title="Makar Sankranti">Makar Sankranti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumbh_Mela" title="Kumbh Mela">Kumbh Mela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pongal_(festival)" title="Pongal (festival)">Pongal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugadi" title="Ugadi">Ugadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaisakhi" title="Vaisakhi">Vaisakhi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bihu" title="Bihu">Bihu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puthandu" title="Puthandu">Puthandu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishu" title="Vishu">Vishu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratha_Yatra_(Puri)" title="Ratha Yatra (Puri)">Ratha Yatra</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border:1px solid #FFC569;background:#FFC569;padding-top:0.1em;padding-left:3em; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Hindu_philosophy" title="Hindu philosophy">Philosophical schools</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color:#FDE7B9; border:2px solid #FDE7B9"> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Astika" class="mw-redirect" title="Astika">Six Astika schools</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samkhya" title="Samkhya">Samkhya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_(philosophy)" title="Yoga (philosophy)">Yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyaya" title="Nyaya">Nyaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaisheshika" title="Vaisheshika">Vaisheshika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%ABm%C4%81%E1%B9%83s%C4%81" title="Mīmāṃsā">Mīmāṃsā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedanta" title="Vedanta">Vedanta</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Advaita_Vedanta" title="Advaita Vedanta">Advaita</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dvaita_Vedanta" title="Dvaita Vedanta">Dvaita</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vishishtadvaita" title="Vishishtadvaita">Vishishtadvaita</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Achintya_Bheda_Abheda" title="Achintya Bheda Abheda">Achintya Bheda Abheda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shuddhadvaita" title="Shuddhadvaita">Shuddhadvaita</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Svabhavika_Bhedabheda" title="Svabhavika Bhedabheda">Svabhavika Bhedabheda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Akshar_Purushottam_Darshan" title="Akshar Purushottam Darshan">Akshar Purushottam Darshan</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Other schools</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C4%80j%C4%ABvika" title="Ājīvika">Ājīvika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jainism" title="Jainism">Jainism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charvaka" title="Charvaka">Charvaka</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border:1px solid #FFC569;background:#FFC569;padding-top:0.1em;padding-left:3em; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hindu_gurus_and_sants" title="List of Hindu gurus and sants">Gurus, Rishi, Philosophers</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color:#FDE7B9; border:2px solid #FDE7B9"> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient India">Ancient</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saptarshi" title="Saptarshi">Saptarshi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vashistha" class="mw-redirect" title="Vashistha">Vashistha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashyapa" title="Kashyapa">Kashyapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atri" title="Atri">Atri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamadagni" title="Jamadagni">Jamadagni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyaya_Sutras" class="mw-redirect" title="Nyaya Sutras">Gotama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishvamitra" title="Vishvamitra">Vishvamitra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharadwaja" class="mw-redirect" title="Bharadwaja">Bharadwaja</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agastya" title="Agastya">Agastya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angiras" title="Angiras">Angiras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aruni" class="mw-redirect" title="Aruni">Aruni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashtavakra" title="Ashtavakra">Ashtavakra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaimini" title="Jaimini">Jaimini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanada_(philosopher)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanada (philosopher)">Kanada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapila" title="Kapila">Kapila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patanjali" title="Patanjali">Patanjali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C4%81%E1%B9%87ini" title="Pāṇini">Pāṇini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prashastapada" title="Prashastapada">Prashastapada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raikva" title="Raikva">Raikva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyakama_Jabala" class="mw-redirect" title="Satyakama Jabala">Satyakama Jabala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valmiki" title="Valmiki">Valmiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vyasa" title="Vyasa">Vyasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yajnavalkya" title="Yajnavalkya">Yajnavalkya</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Medieval_India" title="Medieval India">Medieval</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abhinavagupta" title="Abhinavagupta">Abhinavagupta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adi_Shankara" title="Adi Shankara">Adi Shankara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akka_Mahadevi" title="Akka Mahadevi">Akka Mahadevi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allama_Prabhu" title="Allama Prabhu">Allama Prabhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alvars" title="Alvars">Alvars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basava" title="Basava">Basava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaitanya_Mahaprabhu" title="Chaitanya Mahaprabhu">Chaitanya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramdas_Kathiababa" title="Ramdas Kathiababa">Ramdas Kathiababa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chakradhar_Swami" title="Chakradhar Swami">Chakradhara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changdev" class="mw-redirect" title="Changdev">Chāngadeva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dadu_Dayal" title="Dadu Dayal">Dadu Dayal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eknath" title="Eknath">Eknath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gangesha_Upadhyaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Gangesha Upadhyaya">Gangesha Upadhyaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaudapada" title="Gaudapada">Gaudapada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorakshanath" class="mw-redirect" title="Gorakshanath">Gorakshanatha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haridasa_Thakur" title="Haridasa Thakur">Haridasa Thakur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hith_Harivansh_Mahaprabhu" title="Hith Harivansh Mahaprabhu">Harivansh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagannatha_Dasa_(Odia_poet)" title="Jagannatha Dasa (Odia poet)">Jagannatha Dasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayanta_Bhatta" title="Jayanta Bhatta">Jayanta Bhatta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayatirtha" title="Jayatirtha">Jayatīrtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiva_Goswami" title="Jiva Goswami">Jiva Goswami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B1%C4%81ne%C5%9Bvar" class="mw-redirect" title="Jñāneśvar">Jñāneśvar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabir" title="Kabir">Kabir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanaka_Dasa" title="Kanaka Dasa">Kanaka Dasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kum%C4%81rila_Bha%E1%B9%AD%E1%B9%ADa" title="Kumārila Bhaṭṭa">Kumārila Bhaṭṭa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhus%C5%ABdana_Sarasvat%C4%AB" title="Madhusūdana Sarasvatī">Madhusūdana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhvacharya" title="Madhvacharya">Madhva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matsyendranath" class="mw-redirect" title="Matsyendranath">Matsyendranatha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morya_Gosavi" title="Morya Gosavi">Morya Gosavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mukundraj" title="Mukundraj">Mukundarāja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namdev" title="Namdev">Namadeva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narahari_Tirtha" title="Narahari Tirtha">Narahari Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narasimha_Saraswati" title="Narasimha Saraswati">Narasimha Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nayanars" title="Nayanars">Nayanars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimbarkacharya" title="Nimbarkacharya">Nimbarkacharya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srinivasacharya" title="Srinivasacharya">Srinivasacharya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prabh%C4%81kara" title="Prabhākara">Prabhākara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purandara_Dasa" title="Purandara Dasa">Purandara Dasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raghavendra_Swami" class="mw-redirect" title="Raghavendra Swami">Raghavendra Swami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raghunatha_Siromani" title="Raghunatha Siromani">Raghunatha Siromani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raghuttama_Tirtha" title="Raghuttama Tirtha">Raghuttama Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Charan_(guru)" title="Ram Charan (guru)">Ram Charan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramananda" title="Ramananda">Ramananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramanuja" title="Ramanuja">Ramanuja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramprasad_Sen" title="Ramprasad Sen">Ramprasad Sen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravidas" title="Ravidas">Ravidas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rupa_Goswami" title="Rupa Goswami">Rupa Goswami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samarth_Ramdas" title="Samarth Ramdas">Samarth Ramdas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sankardev" title="Sankardev">Sankardev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyanatha_Tirtha" title="Satyanatha Tirtha">Satyanatha Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siddheshwar" title="Siddheshwar">Siddheshwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sripada_Srivallabha" class="mw-redirect" title="Sripada Srivallabha">Sripada Srivallabha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sripadaraja" title="Sripadaraja">Sripadaraja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surdas" title="Surdas">Surdas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swaminarayan" title="Swaminarayan">Swaminarayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syama_Sastri" title="Syama Sastri">Śyāma Śastri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tukaram" title="Tukaram">Tukaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulsidas" title="Tulsidas">Tulsidas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyagaraja" title="Tyagaraja">Tyagaraja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C4%81caspati_Mi%C5%9Bra" class="mw-redirect" title="Vācaspati Miśra">Vācaspati Miśra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vadiraja_Tirtha" title="Vadiraja Tirtha">Vadiraja Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vallabha" title="Vallabha">Vallabha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiruvalluvar" title="Thiruvalluvar">Valluvar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedanta_Desika" title="Vedanta Desika">Vedanta Desika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vidyaranya" title="Vidyaranya">Vidyaranya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vyasaraja" class="mw-redirect" title="Vyasaraja">Vyasaraja</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Modern</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Aurobindo" title="Sri Aurobindo">Aurobindo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhaktisiddhanta_Sarasvati" title="Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati">Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhaktivinoda_Thakur" title="Bhaktivinoda Thakur">Bhaktivinoda Thakur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandrashekarendra_Saraswati" class="mw-redirect" title="Chandrashekarendra Saraswati">Chandrashekarendra Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinmayananda" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinmayananda">Chinmayananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayananda_Saraswati" title="Dayananda Saraswati">Dayananda Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaggi_Vasudev" class="mw-redirect" title="Jaggi Vasudev">Jaggi Vasudev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishnananda_Saraswati" title="Krishnananda Saraswati">Krishnananda Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahavatar_Babaji" title="Mahavatar Babaji">Mahavatar Babaji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maharishi_Mahesh_Yogi" title="Maharishi Mahesh Yogi">Mahesh Yogi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narayana_Guru" title="Narayana Guru">Narayana Guru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigamananda_Paramahansa" title="Nigamananda Paramahansa">Nigamananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nisargadatta_Maharaj" title="Nisargadatta Maharaj">Nisargadatta Maharaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._C._Bhaktivedanta_Swami_Prabhupada" title="A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada">Prabhupada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarvepalli_Radhakrishnan" title="Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan">Radhakrishnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramachandra_Dattatrya_Ranade" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramachandra Dattatrya Ranade">R. D. Ranade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramakrishna" title="Ramakrishna">Ramakrishna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Rama_Tirtha" class="mw-redirect" title="Swami Rama Tirtha">Rama Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramana_Maharshi" title="Ramana Maharshi">Ramana Maharshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravi_Shankar_(spiritual_leader)" title="Ravi Shankar (spiritual leader)">Ravi Shankar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Ramdas" title="Swami Ramdas">Ramdas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Samarth" title="Swami Samarth">Samarth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sathya_Sai_Baba" title="Sathya Sai Baba">Sathya Sai Baba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sai_Baba_of_Shirdi" title="Sai Baba of Shirdi">Shirdi Sai Baba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Shraddhanand" title="Swami Shraddhanand">Shraddhanand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyadhyana_Tirtha" title="Satyadhyana Tirtha">Satyadhyana Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siddharameshwar_Maharaj" class="mw-redirect" title="Siddharameshwar Maharaj">Siddharameshwar Maharaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sivananda_Saraswati" title="Sivananda Saraswati">Sivananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trailanga" title="Trailanga">Trailanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U._G._Krishnamurti" title="U. G. Krishnamurti">U. G. Krishnamurti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upasni_Maharaj" class="mw-redirect" title="Upasni Maharaj">Upasni Maharaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vethathiri_Maharishi" title="Vethathiri Maharishi">Vethathiri Maharishi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Vivekananda" title="Swami Vivekananda">Vivekananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramahansa_Yogananda" title="Paramahansa Yogananda">Yogananda</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border:1px solid #FFC569;background:#FFC569;padding-top:0.1em;padding-left:3em; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Hindu_texts" title="Hindu texts">Texts</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color:#FDE7B9; border:2px solid #FDE7B9"> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/%C5%9A%C4%81stra_pram%C4%81%E1%B9%87am_in_Hinduism" class="mw-redirect" title="Śāstra pramāṇam in Hinduism">Sources and classification of scripture</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Aruti" title="Śruti">Śruti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sm%E1%B9%9Bti" title="Smṛti">Smṛti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%80c%C4%81ra" title="Ācāra">Ācāra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atmatusti" title="Atmatusti">Ātmatuṣṭi</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Hindu_texts" title="Hindu texts">Scriptures</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Hindu_texts" title="Timeline of Hindu texts">Timeline of Hindu texts</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Vedas" title="Vedas">Vedas</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Rigveda" title="Rigveda">Rigveda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yajurveda" title="Yajurveda">Yajurveda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Samaveda" title="Samaveda">Samaveda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Atharvaveda" title="Atharvaveda">Atharvaveda</a></i></li></ul> <dl><dd><i>Divisions</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samhitapatha" class="mw-redirect" title="Samhitapatha">Samhita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahmana" title="Brahmana">Brahmana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aranyaka" title="Aranyaka">Aranyaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upanishads" title="Upanishads">Upanishads</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Upanishads" title="Upanishads">Upanishads</a></div></dt></dl> <dl><dd><i>Rigveda:</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Aitareya_Upanishad" title="Aitareya Upanishad">Aitareya</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kaushitaki_Upanishad" title="Kaushitaki Upanishad">Kaushitaki</a></i></li></ul> <dl><dd><i>Yajurveda:</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Brihadaranyaka_Upanishad" title="Brihadaranyaka Upanishad">Brihadaranyaka</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Isha_Upanishad" title="Isha Upanishad">Isha</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Taittiriya_Upanishad" title="Taittiriya Upanishad">Taittiriya</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Katha_Upanishad" title="Katha Upanishad">Katha</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shvetashvatara_Upanishad" title="Shvetashvatara Upanishad">Shvetashvatara</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Maitrayaniya_Upanishad" title="Maitrayaniya Upanishad">Maitri</a></i></li></ul> <dl><dd><i>Samaveda:</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Chandogya_Upanishad" title="Chandogya Upanishad">Chandogya</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kena_Upanishad" title="Kena Upanishad">Kena</a></i></li></ul> <dl><dd><i>Atharvaveda:</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Mundaka_Upanishad" title="Mundaka Upanishad">Mundaka</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mandukya_Upanishad" title="Mandukya Upanishad">Mandukya</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Prashna_Upanishad" title="Prashna Upanishad">Prashna</a></i></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Vedangas" class="mw-redirect" title="Vedangas">Vedangas</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shiksha" title="Shiksha">Shiksha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedic_metre" title="Vedic metre">Chandas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vy%C4%81kara%E1%B9%87a" title="Vyākaraṇa">Vyākaraṇa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nirukta" title="Nirukta">Nirukta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalpa_(Vedanga)" title="Kalpa (Vedanga)">Kalpa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jyotisha" class="mw-redirect" title="Jyotisha">Jyotisha</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hindu_scriptures" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Hindu scriptures">Other scriptures</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bhagavad_Gita" title="Bhagavad Gita">Bhagavad Gita</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agama_(Hinduism)" title="Agama (Hinduism)"><i>Agama</i>s (Hinduism)</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Itihasa-Purana" title="Itihasa-Purana">Itihasas</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana">Ramayana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mahabharata" title="Mahabharata">Mahabharata</a></i></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Puranas" title="Puranas">Puranas</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Vishnu_Purana" title="Vishnu Purana">Vishnu Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bhagavata_Purana" title="Bhagavata Purana">Bhagavata Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Devi_Bhagavata_Purana" title="Devi Bhagavata Purana">Devi Bhagavata Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Naradiya_Purana" title="Naradiya Purana">Naradiya Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vamana_Purana" title="Vamana Purana">Vāmana Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Matsya_Purana" title="Matsya Purana">Matsya Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Garuda_Purana" title="Garuda Purana">Garuda Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Brahma_Purana" title="Brahma Purana">Brahma Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Brahmanda_Purana" title="Brahmanda Purana">Brahmanda Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Brahma_Vaivarta_Purana" title="Brahma Vaivarta Purana">Brahma Vaivarta Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bhavishya_Purana" title="Bhavishya Purana">Bhavishya Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Padma_Purana" title="Padma Purana">Padma Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Agni_Purana" title="Agni Purana">Agni Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shiva_Purana" title="Shiva Purana">Shiva Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Linga_Purana" title="Linga Purana">Linga Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kurma_Purana" title="Kurma Purana">Kūrma Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Skanda_Purana" title="Skanda Purana">Skanda Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Varaha_Purana" title="Varaha Purana">Varaha Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Markandeya_Purana" title="Markandeya Purana">Markandeya Purana</a></i></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; 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background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed; border-bottom:1px dotted"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hindu_texts" title="List of Hindu texts">Other texts</a></div></dt></dl></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border:1px solid #FFC569;background:#FFC569;padding-top:0.1em;padding-left:3em; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Hindu Culture & Society</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color:#FDE7B9; border:2px solid #FDE7B9"> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Society</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Varna_(Hinduism)" title="Varna (Hinduism)">Varna</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brahmin" title="Brahmin">Brahmin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kshatriya" title="Kshatriya">Kshatriya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaishya" title="Vaishya">Vaishya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shudra" title="Shudra">Shudra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalit" title="Dalit">Dalit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C4%81ti" title="Jāti">Jāti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gotra" title="Gotra">Gotra</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; 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The sannyasi (ascetic) <a href="/wiki/Dayananda_Saraswati" title="Dayananda Saraswati">Dayananda Saraswati</a> founded the samaj in the 1870s. </p><p>Arya Samaj was the first Hindu organization to introduce <a href="/wiki/Proselytism" title="Proselytism">proselytization</a> in Hinduism.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Pandey2013_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pandey2013-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arya_Samaj&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>"<i>Arya Samaj</i>" is a compound Sanskrit term consisting of the words "<i>arya</i>" and "<i>samaj</i>." The term "<i>arya</i>" refers to an individual who possesses virtuous attributes and noble characteristics, whereas "<i>samaj</i>" denotes a social group or organized community. Therefore, the term "<i>arya samaj</i>" refers to a community of individuals of high moral character.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arya_Samaj&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_beginning">The beginning</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arya_Samaj&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: The beginning"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Swami Dayanand Saraswati established the Arya Samaj in April 1875 in Bombay with ten principles. However, these principles were finally settled in 1877 in Lahore.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vedic_schools">Vedic schools</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arya_Samaj&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Vedic schools"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Between 1869 and 1873, Dayanand began his efforts to reform orthodox <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a> in India. He established <i><a href="/wiki/Gurukul" class="mw-redirect" title="Gurukul">Gurukul</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Vedas" title="Vedas">Vedic</a> schools) which emphasised Vedic values, culture, and <i><a href="/wiki/Satya" title="Satya">Satya</a></i> (Truth). The schools gave separate educations to boys and girls based on ancient Vedic principles. The Vedic school system was also to relieve Indians from the pattern of a <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British</a> education.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Arya_Samaj_R.V._Russell_1916.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Arya_Samaj_R.V._Russell_1916.PNG/250px-Arya_Samaj_R.V._Russell_1916.PNG" decoding="async" width="250" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Arya_Samaj_R.V._Russell_1916.PNG/375px-Arya_Samaj_R.V._Russell_1916.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Arya_Samaj_R.V._Russell_1916.PNG/500px-Arya_Samaj_R.V._Russell_1916.PNG 2x" data-file-width="715" data-file-height="410" /></a><figcaption>A meeting of the Arya Samaj for investing boys with the <a href="/wiki/Sacred_thread" class="mw-redirect" title="Sacred thread">sacred thread</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Arya_Samaj_2000_stamp_of_India.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Arya_Samaj_2000_stamp_of_India.jpg/220px-Arya_Samaj_2000_stamp_of_India.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="296" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Arya_Samaj_2000_stamp_of_India.jpg/330px-Arya_Samaj_2000_stamp_of_India.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Arya_Samaj_2000_stamp_of_India.jpg/440px-Arya_Samaj_2000_stamp_of_India.jpg 2x" data-file-width="699" data-file-height="942" /></a><figcaption>A 2000 postage stamp dedicated to Arya Samaj.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Emergence_of_Arya_Samaj_in_Punjab">Emergence of Arya Samaj in Punjab</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arya_Samaj&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Emergence of Arya Samaj in Punjab"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Due to Schisms in <a href="/wiki/Adi_Dharm" title="Adi Dharm">Adi Brahmo Samaj</a> at Calcutta, a new variant of Adi Brahmoism called Arya Samaj began to take root in the Punjab. When he traveled to Calcutta Swami Dayanand had come into close and extended contact with Raj Narayan Bose, Debendranath Tagore etc. Swami Dayanand closely studied Tagore's book Brahmo Dharma, a comprehensive manual of religion and ethics for Adi Dharma, while in Calcutta. The bone of contention between these two Samajs was over the authority of the Vedas–whose authority the Adi Dharma reject and hold to be inferior works, whereas Arya Samaj hold Vedas to be divine revelation. Despite this difference of opinion, however, it seems that the members of the Brahmo Samaj and Swami Dayanand parted on good terms, the former having publicly praised the latter’s visit to Calcutta in several journals and the latter having taken inspiration from the former’s activity in the social sphere.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Growth_of_Arya_Samaj_after_Dayanand">Growth of Arya Samaj after Dayanand</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arya_Samaj&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Growth of Arya Samaj after Dayanand"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dayanand was assassinated in 1883. Despite this set back, the Arya Samaj continued to grow, especially in Punjab. The early leaders of the Samaj were <a href="/wiki/Pandit_Lekh_Ram" title="Pandit Lekh Ram">Pandit Lekh Ram</a> (1858–1897) and <a href="/wiki/Swami_Shraddhanand" title="Swami Shraddhanand">Swami Shraddhanand</a> (Mahatma Munshi Ram Vij) (1856–1926). Some authors claim that the activities of the Samaj led to increased <a href="/wiki/Hindu%E2%80%93Islamic_relations" title="Hindu–Islamic relations">antagonism between Muslims and Hindus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shraddhanand led the <a href="/wiki/Shuddhi_(Hinduism)" title="Shuddhi (Hinduism)">Shuddhi movement</a> that aimed to bring Hindus who had converted to other religions back to Hinduism.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1893, the Arya Samaj members of Punjab were divided on the question of <a href="/wiki/Vegetarianism" title="Vegetarianism">vegetarianism</a>. The group that refrained from eating meat were called the <i>"Mahatma"</i> group and the other group, the "Cultured Party".<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the early 1900s, the Samaj (or organizations inspired by it such as <i>Jat Pat Todak Mandal</i>) campaigned against <a href="/wiki/Caste_system_in_India" title="Caste system in India">caste discrimination</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They also campaigned for <a href="/wiki/Widow_remarriage" class="mw-redirect" title="Widow remarriage">widow remarriage</a> and <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_education" class="mw-redirect" title="Women's education">women's education</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The samaj also established chapters in <a href="/wiki/British_colonies" class="mw-redirect" title="British colonies">British colonies</a> having <a href="/wiki/Non-resident_Indian_and_person_of_Indian_origin" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-resident Indian and person of Indian origin">Indian population</a> such as <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji">Fiji</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname">Suriname</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana">Guyana</a> and <a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Prominent Indian Nationalists such as <a href="/wiki/Lala_Lajpat_Rai" title="Lala Lajpat Rai">Lala Lajpat Rai</a> belonged to Arya Samaj and were active in its campaigning.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Bhagat_Singh" title="Bhagat Singh">Bhagat Singh</a>'s grandfather followed Arya Samaj, which had a considerable influence on Bhagat Singh.<sup id="cite_ref-hailHero1_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hailHero1-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The British colonial government in the early part of 20th century viewed the Samaj as a political body. Some Samajis in government service were dismissed for belonging to the Samaj.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 1930s, when the Hindu Nationalist group, the <a href="/wiki/Rashtriya_Swayamsevak_Sangh" title="Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh">Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh</a> grew in prominence in Northern India, they found support from the Arya Samaj of Punjab.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arya_Samaj_in_Punjab">Arya Samaj in Punjab</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arya_Samaj&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Arya Samaj in Punjab"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Punjab, the Arya Samaj was opposed by the <a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya" title="Ahmadiyya">Ahmadiyya</a> movement which provided the Samaj one of its most aggressive opponents from among the various Muslim groups and whose founder <a href="/wiki/Mirza_Ghulam_Ahmad" title="Mirza Ghulam Ahmad">Mirza Ghulam Ahmad</a> was extensively involved in theological disputations with Samaj leaders, most notably with <a href="/wiki/Pandit_Lekh_Ram" title="Pandit Lekh Ram">Pandit Lekh Ram</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was also opposed by the <a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikh</a> dominated <a href="/wiki/Singh_Sabha" class="mw-redirect" title="Singh Sabha">Singh Sabha</a>, the forerunner of the <a href="/wiki/Akali_Dal" class="mw-redirect" title="Akali Dal">Akali Dal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was also opposed by Vaishnavs, who were criticized by Dayānanda Sarasvatī.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arya_Samaj_in_Sindh">Arya Samaj in Sindh</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arya_Samaj&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Arya Samaj in Sindh"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Samaj was active in Sindh at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century. The activities of the Samaj in the region included using <a href="/wiki/Shuddhi_(Hinduism)" title="Shuddhi (Hinduism)">shuddhi</a> in integrating half-Muslim or low-caste communities into the organization. Narayan Dev, a Samaj member active in making many conversions is extolled as a Sindhi martyr. He is sometimes referred to as 'Dayanand ka vir sipahi' (Dayanand's heroic soldier). Dev was killed in a street fight in 1948.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The history of Sindhi nationalism is also tied with the activities of the Arya Samaj. In the 19th century, the Hindu community of Sindh had been challenged by Christian missionaries and the Samaj served as a deterrent to the "conversion" done by Christian missionaries in the region. A Hindu Sindhi leader, <a href="/wiki/K._R._Malkani" title="K. R. Malkani">K. R. Malkani</a>, later on became prominent in the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), and the <a href="/wiki/BJP" class="mw-redirect" title="BJP">BJP</a>. According to Malkani, the Arya Samaj created a "new pride" among the Hindu Sindhis by opening gymnasia and Sanskrit pathshalas in the 1930s.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arya_Samaj_in_Gujarat">Arya Samaj in Gujarat</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arya_Samaj&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Arya Samaj in Gujarat"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Arya Samaj of Gujarat members were missionaries from Punjab who had been encouraged to move to Gujarat to carry out educational work amongst the <a href="/wiki/Untouchability" title="Untouchability">untouchable castes</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Maharaja" title="Maharaja">Maharaja</a> <a href="/wiki/Sayajirao_Gaekwad_III" title="Sayajirao Gaekwad III">Sayajirao Gaekwad III</a>. The Gujarat Samaj opened orphanages. The Samaj starting losing support when <a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mahatma Gandhi</a> returned to India in 1915 because many activist joined his movement.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reconversion_in_Malabar">Reconversion in Malabar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arya_Samaj&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Reconversion in Malabar"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1921, <a href="/wiki/Malabar_rebellion" title="Malabar rebellion">during a rebellion</a> by the Muslim <a href="/wiki/Moplah" class="mw-redirect" title="Moplah">Moplah</a> community of <a href="/wiki/Malabar_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Malabar region">Malabar</a> Indian newspapers reported that a number of Hindus were forcibly converted to Islam. The Arya Samaj extended its efforts to the region to reconvert these people back to Hinduism through <a href="/wiki/Shuddhi_(Hinduism)" title="Shuddhi (Hinduism)">Shuddhi</a> ceremonies.<sup id="cite_ref-Thursby_1975_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thursby_1975-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: p.141–152">: p.141–152 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Views_of_Orthodox_Hindu_on_the_Samaj">Views of Orthodox Hindu on the Samaj</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arya_Samaj&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Views of Orthodox Hindu on the Samaj"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The then <a href="/wiki/Shankaracharya" title="Shankaracharya">Shankaracharya</a> of <a href="/wiki/Badrinath_Temple" title="Badrinath Temple">Badrinath Math</a> in 1939 in a letter to the <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Canterbury" title="Archbishop of Canterbury">archbishop of Canterbury</a>, called Arya Samajis Un-Hindu. He also criticized the Samaj efforts at converting Christians and Muslims.<sup id="cite_ref-Benichou_2000_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Benichou_2000-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arya_Samaj_in_Hyderabad_state">Arya Samaj in Hyderabad state</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arya_Samaj&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Arya Samaj in Hyderabad state"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A branch of Arya Samaj was established at <a href="/wiki/Dharur,_Beed" title="Dharur, Beed">Dharur</a> in <a href="/wiki/Beed_district" title="Beed district">Beed district</a> of <a href="/wiki/Hyderabad_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyderabad state">Hyderabad state</a>, the largest princely state during British colonial rule. <a href="/wiki/Keshav_Rao_Koratkar" title="Keshav Rao Koratkar">Keshav Rao Koratkar</a> was the president of the organization until 1932. During his tenure, the Samaj, established schools and libraries throughout the state. Although a social and religious organization, the Samaj activities assumed a great political role in resisting the government of the Nizam during 1930s. In 1938–1939, Arya Samaj teamed up with the <a href="/wiki/Hindu_Mahasabha" title="Hindu Mahasabha">Hindu Mahasabha</a> to resist the <a href="/wiki/Nizam_of_Hyderabad" title="Nizam of Hyderabad">Nizam</a> government through <a href="/wiki/Satyagraha" title="Satyagraha">Satyagraha</a>. The Nizam government responded by <a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Hindus#Hyderabad_state" title="Persecution of Hindus">raiding and desecrating Arya Samaj mandirs</a>. The Samaj, in turn, criticized Islam and the Islamic rulers of the state. This widely increased the gulf between the Hindu and Muslim population of the state.<sup id="cite_ref-Arya_Samaj_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Arya_Samaj-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Benichou-2000_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Benichou-2000-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Language_issue">Language issue</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arya_Samaj&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Language issue"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Arya Samaj promoted the <a href="/wiki/History_of_Haryana#Hindi_language_movement" title="History of Haryana">use of Hindi in Punjab</a> and discouraged the use of <a href="/wiki/Punjabi_language" title="Punjabi language">Punjabi</a>. This was a serious point of difference between the Sikhs, represented by the <a href="/wiki/Shiromani_Akali_Dal" title="Shiromani Akali Dal">Shiromani Akali Dal</a> group and the Arya Samaj. The difference was marked during the period immediately following the <a href="/wiki/Independence_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Independence of India">independence of India</a> and the time of the <a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Suba_movement" title="Punjabi Suba movement">Punjabi Suba movement</a> (demand for a Punjabi speaking state).<sup id="cite_ref-google_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-google-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-google2_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-google2-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-google3_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-google3-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Humanitarian_efforts">Humanitarian efforts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arya_Samaj&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Humanitarian efforts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Arya Samaj is a charitable organisation. For example, donations were made to victims of the <a href="/wiki/1905_Kangra_earthquake" title="1905 Kangra earthquake">1905 Kangra earthquake</a>. The samaj campaigned for <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_right_to_vote" class="mw-redirect" title="Women's right to vote">women's right to vote</a>, and for the protection of widows.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Contemporary_Arya_Samaj">Contemporary Arya Samaj</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arya_Samaj&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Contemporary Arya Samaj"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arya_Samaj_in_India">Arya Samaj in India</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arya_Samaj&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Arya Samaj in India"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Arya Samaj schools and <a href="/wiki/Temple" title="Temple">temples</a> are found in almost all major cities and as well as in rural areas (especially in the North) of India. Some are authorised to conduct weddings. The Samaj is associated with the <a href="/wiki/Dayanand_Anglo_Vedic" class="mw-redirect" title="Dayanand Anglo Vedic">Dayanand Anglo Vedic</a> (DAV) schools which number over eight hundred.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are eight million followers of the Samaj in India.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arya_Samaj_around_the_world">Arya Samaj around the world</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arya_Samaj&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Arya Samaj around the world"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Arya Samaj is active in countries including <a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana">Guyana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname">Suriname</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji">Fiji</a>, <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-aryasamajqueensland_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aryasamajqueensland-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and other countries where a significant <a href="/wiki/Hindu_diaspora" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu diaspora">Hindu diaspora</a> is present. The Arya Samaj in Kenya runs a number of schools in <a href="/wiki/Nairobi" title="Nairobi">Nairobi</a> and other cities of the country.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Immigrants to <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> from <a href="/wiki/South_Asia" title="South Asia">South Asia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Africa">Eastern Africa</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean" title="Caribbean">Caribbean</a> countries have set up Arya Samaj temples for their respective communities.<sup id="cite_ref-Vancouver_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vancouver-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most major metropolitan areas of the United States have chapters of Arya Samaj.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Core_beliefs">Core beliefs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arya_Samaj&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Core beliefs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:O3m_AryaSamaj.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/O3m_AryaSamaj.PNG/170px-O3m_AryaSamaj.PNG" decoding="async" width="170" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/O3m_AryaSamaj.PNG/255px-O3m_AryaSamaj.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/O3m_AryaSamaj.PNG/340px-O3m_AryaSamaj.PNG 2x" data-file-width="670" data-file-height="429" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Om" title="Om">Aum</a> considered by the Arya Samaj to be the highest and most proper name of God.</figcaption></figure> <p>Members of the Arya Samaj believe in one creator God referred to with the syllable '<a href="/wiki/Om" title="Om">Aum</a>' as mentioned in the <a href="/wiki/Yajurveda" title="Yajurveda">Yajurveda</a> (40:17). They believe the Vedas are an infallible authority, and they respect the <a href="/wiki/Upanishads" title="Upanishads">Upanishads</a> and Vedic philosophy. The Arya Samaj members reject other Hindu religious texts because they are not pure works, and because these texts promote things do not support their ideology and are therefore against the Vedas. For instance, they believe epics like the <i><a href="/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana">Ramayana</a></i> and the <i><a href="/wiki/Mahabharata" title="Mahabharata">Mahabharata</a></i> are legends of historical figures, and reject them as reference to <a href="/wiki/God" title="God">supreme beings</a> and <a href="/wiki/Avatars" class="mw-redirect" title="Avatars">avatars</a>. The members of Arya Samaj also reject other scriptural works such as the <a href="/wiki/Puranas" title="Puranas">Puranas</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Jones1976_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jones1976-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Worship of <a href="/wiki/Murti" title="Murti">idols</a> (<i>murti puja</i>) is strictly prohibited in the samaj.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The core beliefs of Arya Samaj are postulated below: </p> <ol><li>The primeval cause of all genuine knowledge and all that is known by means of knowledge is God.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>God is truth-consciousness: formless, omnipotent, unborn, infinite, unchangeable, incomparable, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Omnipresent" class="extiw" title="wikt:Omnipresent">omnipresent</a>, internal, undecaying, immortal, eternal, holy, and creator of the universe. God alone deserves worship.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The Vedas are repositories of all of true knowledge. It is the paramount duty of all Aryas to study and teach and to propound the Vedas.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_43-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>One should be ever ready to imbibe <a href="/wiki/Truth" title="Truth">truth</a> and forsake untruth.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_43-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>All acts should be done in accordance with <a href="/wiki/Dharma" title="Dharma">Dharma</a>, i.e. after deliberating upon what is truth and untruth.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_43-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The prime object of Arya Samaj is to <a href="/wiki/Lokaksema_(Hindu_prayer)" title="Lokaksema (Hindu prayer)">do good to the whole world</a>, i.e. to achieve physical, spiritual and social prosperity for all.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_43-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Our conduct towards all should <a href="/wiki/Religious_views_on_love#Indian_religions" title="Religious views on love">be guided by love</a>, by injunctions of Dharma and according to their respective positions.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_43-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>One should dispel ignorance and promote knowledge.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_43-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>One should not be content with one's own prosperity only, but should consider the prosperity of all as his own prosperity.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_43-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>All human beings should abide by the rules concerning <a href="/wiki/Vasudhaiva_Kutumbakam" title="Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam">social or everyone's benefit</a>, while <a href="/wiki/Free_will#Eastern_philosophy" title="Free will">everyone should be free</a> to follow any rule beneficial for him/her.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_43-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Practices">Practices</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arya_Samaj&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Practices"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Arya_samaj_Mandir_hawan_kaksh.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Arya_samaj_Mandir_hawan_kaksh.jpg/220px-Arya_samaj_Mandir_hawan_kaksh.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Arya_samaj_Mandir_hawan_kaksh.jpg/330px-Arya_samaj_Mandir_hawan_kaksh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Arya_samaj_Mandir_hawan_kaksh.jpg/440px-Arya_samaj_Mandir_hawan_kaksh.jpg 2x" data-file-width="918" data-file-height="658" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Homa_(ritual)" title="Homa (ritual)">havan</a> being performed by Arya Samaj.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Arya Samaj members consider the <a href="/wiki/Gayatri_Mantra" title="Gayatri Mantra">Gayatri Mantra</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as the most holy mantra and chant it periodically, do the meditation known as <i>Sandhya</i> and make offering to the holy fire (<i><a href="/wiki/Havan" class="mw-redirect" title="Havan">havan</a></i>).<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The havan can be performed with a priest for special occasions or without a priest for personal worship. The havan is performed as per the <span title="Hindi-language romanization"><i lang="hi-Latn">havan pustika</i></span>, usually a simplified guide to do havan, having mantras for general or special occasions. The priest is generally a Vedic scholar from the local Arya Samaj Mandir or Gurukul. Sometimes elder members of family or neighbours can also perform the havan acting as a purohit. The host is known as the "<a href="/wiki/Yajamana" title="Yajamana">yajmana</a>". The priest can be called an "<a href="/wiki/Acharya" title="Acharya">acharya</a>", "shastri" or "pandit" depending upon his scholarly status and local reputation. It is customary to give a nominal "<a href="/wiki/Dakshina" class="mw-redirect" title="Dakshina">dakshina</a>" to the priest after havan, although in Arya Samaj it is more symbolic and the priest does not state any sum. The sum is decided by the host's capability and status but is still a small amount.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After a death, Arya Samajis will often conduct a havan and collect the ashes on the fourth day.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Diwali">Diwali</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arya_Samaj&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Diwali"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> Diwali is a very important day in Arya Samaj as Swami Dayanand died this day. A special havan is done for the same.</p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dia_one_wick_divali_20151111.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Dia_one_wick_divali_20151111.jpg/170px-Dia_one_wick_divali_20151111.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Dia_one_wick_divali_20151111.jpg/255px-Dia_one_wick_divali_20151111.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Dia_one_wick_divali_20151111.jpg/340px-Dia_one_wick_divali_20151111.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="1836" /></a><figcaption>Diya with one wick</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dia_two_wicks_divali_20151111.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Dia_two_wicks_divali_20151111.jpg/170px-Dia_two_wicks_divali_20151111.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Dia_two_wicks_divali_20151111.jpg/255px-Dia_two_wicks_divali_20151111.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Dia_two_wicks_divali_20151111.jpg/340px-Dia_two_wicks_divali_20151111.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="1836" /></a><figcaption>Diya with four wicks, pointing in each direction (N, W, S, E)</figcaption></figure> <p>The Arya Samaj version of the Hindu festival <a href="/wiki/Diwali" title="Diwali">Diwali</a> is typified by the celebration in <a href="/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname">Suriname</a>. The festival celebrates the victory of good over evil. A <a href="/wiki/Diet_in_Hinduism#Vegetarian_diet" title="Diet in Hinduism">vegetarian fast</a> is kept. The <a href="/wiki/Gayatri_Mantra" title="Gayatri Mantra">Gayatri Mantra</a> is recited while oil lamps are lit, in front of a fire altar lit with <a href="/wiki/Sandalwood" title="Sandalwood">sandalwood</a>. One <a href="/wiki/Diya_(lamp)" title="Diya (lamp)">Diya</a> lamp, which is of larger size has two wicks crossed to produce four lights, one in each direction and is lit first. The smaller lamp has one wick. A lamp is kept in every room except the bathroom and restroom. More lamps can be lit, which can be placed arbitrarily in the yard, living room and so on.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Holi">Holi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arya_Samaj&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Holi"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Holi" title="Holi">Holi</a> is celebrated as the conclusion of winter and the start of spring to sow the land and hope for a good harvest. This day is marked by colors and songs (<i><a href="/wiki/Chowtal" title="Chowtal">Chautal</a></i>). It does not require specific prayer or fasting, however, some people keep a vegetarian fast on this day. The festivities do not associate Holi with a particular deity such as Vishnu or Shiva. The early Arya Samajist in 19th century Lahore adapted the festival to include prayers and havan but avoid the intoxication, and obscenities associated with traditional celebrations.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Arya_Samaj_across_the_world">Arya Samaj across the world</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arya_Samaj&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Arya Samaj across the world"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="World"></span> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Yatra" title="Yatra">Yatra</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arya_Samaj_in_Burma" title="Arya Samaj in Burma">Arya Samaj in Burma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arya_Samaj_in_Fiji" title="Arya Samaj in Fiji">Arya Samaj in Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arya_Samaj_in_Ghana" title="Arya Samaj in Ghana">Arya Samaj in Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arya_Samaj_in_Guyana" title="Arya Samaj in Guyana">Arya Samaj in Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arya_Samaj_in_Kenya" title="Arya Samaj in Kenya">Arya Samaj in Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arya_Samaj_in_Mauritius" title="Arya Samaj in Mauritius">Arya Samaj in Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arya_Samaj_in_Mozambique" title="Arya Samaj in Mozambique">Arya Samaj in Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arya_Samaj_in_Singapore" title="Arya Samaj in Singapore">Arya Samaj in Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arya_Samaj_in_South_Africa" title="Arya Samaj in South Africa">Arya Samaj in South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arya_Samaj_in_Suriname" title="Arya Samaj in Suriname">Arya Samaj in Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arya_Samaj_in_Tanzania" title="Arya Samaj in Tanzania">Arya Samaj in Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arya_Samaj_in_Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Arya Samaj in Trinidad and Tobago">Arya Samaj in Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arya_Samaj_in_Thailand" title="Arya Samaj in Thailand">Arya Samaj in Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arya_Samaj_in_Uganda" title="Arya Samaj in Uganda">Arya Samaj in Uganda</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arya_Samaj&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guru%E2%80%93shishya_tradition" title="Guru–shishya tradition">Guru–shishya tradition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_reform_movements" title="Hindu reform movements">Hindu reform movements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sampradaya" title="Sampradaya">Sampradaya</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.leadindia.law/legal-services/marriage/arya-samaj-marriage">How To Do Arya Samaj Marriage</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arya_Samaj&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFThursby1977" class="citation book cs1">Thursby, G. R. (1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=abcfAAAAIAAJ&dq=arya+samaj&pg=PA15"><i>Hindu-Muslim relations in British India : a study of controversy, conflict, and communal movements in northern India 1923–1928</i></a>. Leiden: Brill. p. 3. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004043800" title="Special:BookSources/9789004043800"><bdi>9789004043800</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hindu-Muslim+relations+in+British+India+%3A+a+study+of+controversy%2C+conflict%2C+and+communal+movements+in+northern+India+1923%E2%80%931928&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pages=3&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=9789004043800&rft.aulast=Thursby&rft.aufirst=G.+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DabcfAAAAIAAJ%26dq%3Darya%2Bsamaj%26pg%3DPA15&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArya+Samaj" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pandey2013-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Pandey2013_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGyanendra_Pandey2013" class="citation book cs1">Gyanendra Pandey (25 March 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RO1zF3uC3lUC&pg=PR8"><i>A History of Prejudice: Race, Caste, and Difference in India and the United States</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 64. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-107-02900-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-107-02900-2"><bdi>978-1-107-02900-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Prejudice%3A+Race%2C+Caste%2C+and+Difference+in+India+and+the+United+States&rft.pages=64&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2013-03-25&rft.isbn=978-1-107-02900-2&rft.au=Gyanendra+Pandey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRO1zF3uC3lUC%26pg%3DPR8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArya+Samaj" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUpadhyaya1940" class="citation book cs1">Upadhyaya, Ganga Prasad (1940). <i>The Origin, Scope and Mission of the Arya Samaj - No. 4</i> (2nd ed.). Allahabad: J.K. Sharma at The Allahabad Law Journal Press. p. 5.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Origin%2C+Scope+and+Mission+of+the+Arya+Samaj+-+No.+4&rft.place=Allahabad&rft.pages=5&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=J.K.+Sharma+at+The+Allahabad+Law+Journal+Press&rft.date=1940&rft.aulast=Upadhyaya&rft.aufirst=Ganga+Prasad&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArya+Samaj" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLajpat_Rai1915" class="citation book cs1">Lajpat Rai, Lala (1915). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/aryasamajaccount00lajprich"><i>The Arya Samaj : an account of its origin, doctrines, and activities : with a biographical sketch of the founder</i></a>. University of California Libraries. London : Longmans, Green. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-524-01191-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-524-01191-1"><bdi>978-0-524-01191-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Arya+Samaj+%3A+an+account+of+its+origin%2C+doctrines%2C+and+activities+%3A+with+a+biographical+sketch+of+the+founder&rft.pub=London+%3A+Longmans%2C+Green&rft.date=1915&rft.isbn=978-0-524-01191-1&rft.aulast=Lajpat+Rai&rft.aufirst=Lala&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Faryasamajaccount00lajprich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArya+Samaj" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Upadhyaya, Ganga Prasad. <i>The Origin, Scope and Mission of the Arya Samaj</i>. No. 4. Arya Samaj, 1954.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSharmaSharma2006" class="citation book cs1">Sharma, Ram Nath; Sharma, Rajendra Kumar (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4odAR3HVJNcC&dq=dayanand+gurukul&pg=PA357"><i>Problems of Education in India</i></a>. Atlantic Publishers & Dist. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7156-612-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7156-612-9"><bdi>978-81-7156-612-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Problems+of+Education+in+India&rft.pub=Atlantic+Publishers+%26+Dist&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-81-7156-612-9&rft.aulast=Sharma&rft.aufirst=Ram+Nath&rft.au=Sharma%2C+Rajendra+Kumar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4odAR3HVJNcC%26dq%3Ddayanand%2Bgurukul%26pg%3DPA357&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArya+Samaj" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adidharm.brahmosamaj.in/adi-dharm-timeline/emergence-of-arya-samaj-in-punjab-1875">Emergence of Arya Samaj in Punjab (1875)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarrier1967" class="citation journal cs1">Barrier, Norman G. (1967). "The Arya Samaj and Congress Politics in the Punjab, 1894-1908". <i>The Journal of Asian Studies</i>. <b>26</b> (3): 363–379. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2051414">10.2307/2051414</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2051414">2051414</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:154569230">154569230</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Asian+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Arya+Samaj+and+Congress+Politics+in+the+Punjab%2C+1894-1908&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=363-379&rft.date=1967&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A154569230%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2051414%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2051414&rft.aulast=Barrier&rft.aufirst=Norman+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArya+Samaj" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nair N. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=o-NoCp9Lc24C&pg=PP8"><i>Changing Homelands: Hindu Politics and the Partition of India</i></a>. Permanent Black, New Delhi 2011. p. 53 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780674057791" title="Special:BookSources/9780674057791">9780674057791</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V20_296.gif">"Punjab"</a> Imperial Gazetteer of India 1909. vol. 20 p. 291. Retrieved 2 October 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rajivlochan M. <i>Coping with Exclusions the Non-Political Way</i> in Judge P. S. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bNJkAwAAQBAJ&q=mapping+social+exclusion+in+india"><i>Mapping Social Exclusion in India: Caste, Religion and Borderlands</i></a> Cambridge University Press 2014 pp. 82–83. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1107056098" title="Special:BookSources/1107056098">1107056098</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKishwar_M.1986" class="citation journal cs1">Kishwar M. (26 April 1986). "Arya Samaj and Women's Education: Kanya Mahavidyalaya, Jalandhar". <i><a href="/wiki/Economic_and_Political_Weekly" title="Economic and Political Weekly">Economic and Political Weekly</a></i>. <b>21</b> (17): WS9–WS24. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4375593">4375593</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Economic+and+Political+Weekly&rft.atitle=Arya+Samaj+and+Women%27s+Education%3A+Kanya+Mahavidyalaya%2C+Jalandhar&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=17&rft.pages=WS9-WS24&rft.date=1986-04-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4375593%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.au=Kishwar+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArya+Samaj" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVertovec2000" class="citation book cs1">Vertovec, Steven (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eYpJeVkD_qoC&q=arya+missionaries&pg=PR9"><i>The Hindu Diaspora: Comparative Patterns</i></a>. Psychology Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-23893-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-23893-9"><bdi>978-0-415-23893-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Hindu+Diaspora%3A+Comparative+Patterns&rft.pub=Psychology+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-415-23893-9&rft.aulast=Vertovec&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DeYpJeVkD_qoC%26q%3Darya%2Bmissionaries%26pg%3DPR9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArya+Samaj" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rai L. L. <i>The Arya Samaj: An Account of its Aims, Doctrine and Activities, with a Biographical Sketch of the Founder</i> Longman, London 1915. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-85047-77-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-85047-77-5">978-81-85047-77-5</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hailHero1-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hailHero1_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mid-day.com/news/india-news/article/twitter-hails-bhagat-singh-on-his-112th-birth-anniversary-21813159">"Twitter hails Bhagat Singh on his 112th birth anniversary"</a>. <i>Mid-day</i>. 28 September 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mid-day&rft.atitle=Twitter+hails+Bhagat+Singh+on+his+112th+birth+anniversary&rft.date=2019-09-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mid-day.com%2Fnews%2Findia-news%2Farticle%2Ftwitter-hails-bhagat-singh-on-his-112th-birth-anniversary-21813159&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArya+Samaj" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKumar2004" class="citation book cs1">Kumar, Raj, ed. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?q=Essays+on+Social+Reform+Movements+By+Raj+Kumar+isbn"><i>Essays on Social Reform Movements</i></a>. New Delhi: Discovery Pub. House. pp. 2–4. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788171417926" title="Special:BookSources/9788171417926"><bdi>9788171417926</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Essays+on+Social+Reform+Movements&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.pages=2-4&rft.pub=Discovery+Pub.+House&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9788171417926&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fsearch%3Fq%3DEssays%2Bon%2BSocial%2BReform%2BMovements%2BBy%2BRaj%2BKumar%2Bisbn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArya+Samaj" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jaffrelot C. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iVsfVOTUnYEC&q=%22arya+samaj%22&pg=PR7"><i>The Hindu Nationalist Movement and Indian Politics: 1925 to the 1990s</i></a>. Penguin Books, New Delhi 1999. pp. 67 and 68. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780140246025" title="Special:BookSources/9780140246025">9780140246025</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKenneth_W._Jones1976" class="citation book cs1">Kenneth W. Jones (1976). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RpvXCtNzrz8C"><i>Arya Dharm: Hindu Consciousness in 19th-century Punjab</i></a>. University of California Press. p. 148. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-520-02920-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-520-02920-8"><bdi>0-520-02920-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Arya+Dharm%3A+Hindu+Consciousness+in+19th-century+Punjab&rft.pages=148&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=0-520-02920-8&rft.au=Kenneth+W.+Jones&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRpvXCtNzrz8C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArya+Samaj" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKenneth_W._Jones1989" class="citation book cs1">Kenneth W. 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"Ham Hindu Nahin: Arya-Sikh Relations, 1877-1905". <i>The Journal of Asian Studies</i>. <b>32</b> (3): 457–475. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2052684">10.2307/2052684</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2052684">2052684</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:163885354">163885354</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Asian+Studies&rft.atitle=Ham+Hindu+Nahin%3A+Arya-Sikh+Relations%2C+1877-1905&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=457-475&rft.date=1973&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A163885354%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2052684%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2052684&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Kenneth+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArya+Samaj" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEntwistle1982" class="citation thesis cs1">Entwistle, Alan W. (1982). <i>The Rāsa Māna ke Pada of Kevalarāma: A Medieval Hindi Text of the Eighth Gaddī of the Vallabha Sect</i> (PhD thesis). University of London School of Oriental and African Studies. p. 92.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=The+R%C4%81sa+M%C4%81na+ke+Pada+of+Kevalar%C4%81ma%3A+A+Medieval+Hindi+Text+of+the+Eighth+Gadd%C4%AB+of+the+Vallabha+Sect&rft.degree=PhD&rft.inst=University+of+London+School+of+Oriental+and+African+Studies&rft.date=1982&rft.aulast=Entwistle&rft.aufirst=Alan+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArya+Samaj" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhanBoivin2008" class="citation book cs1">Khan, Dominique-Sita; Boivin, Michel (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sanipanhwar.com/Sindh%20Through%20History%20and%20Rrpresentations%20French%20Contributions%20to%20Sindhi%20Studies%20Edited%20By%20Michel%20Boivin.pdf#page=110"><i>SINDH through History and Representations, Chapter 6 JHULELAL AND THE IDENTITY OF INDIAN SINDHIS</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Oxford, England: Oxford University press. p. 80. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-547503-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-547503-6"><bdi>978-0-19-547503-6</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=SINDH+through+History+and+Representations%2C+Chapter+6+JHULELAL+AND+THE+IDENTITY+OF+INDIAN+SINDHIS&rft.place=Oxford%2C+England&rft.pages=80&rft.pub=Oxford+University+press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-19-547503-6&rft.aulast=Khan&rft.aufirst=Dominique-Sita&rft.au=Boivin%2C+Michel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsanipanhwar.com%2FSindh%2520Through%2520History%2520and%2520Rrpresentations%2520French%2520Contributions%2520to%2520Sindhi%2520Studies%2520Edited%2520By%2520Michel%2520Boivin.pdf%23page%3D110&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArya+Samaj" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dhabhai, G., 2018. The Purusharthi Refugee. Economic & Political Weekly, 53(4), p.67<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://s3.amazonaws.com/academia.edu.documents/55704568/SA_LIII_4_270118_Partition_Garima_Dhabhai.pdf?response-content-disposition=inline%3B%20filename%3DNATION-MAKING_IN_PARTITIONED_INDIA_The_P.pdf&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=ASIATUSBJ6BAMXAKEPHL%2F20200330%2Fus-east-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20200330T194053Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEPn%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FwEaCXVzLWVhc3QtMSJHMEUCIQDCiKi6A5DEiNpFun0A4o1IeU4dP9v4k4%2Bn7iNaCpso%2BwIgTKy1wSvB1P%2FRPda1VXHrj93qTro8N0azg68lK4nhxvoqvQMI8v%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FARAAGgwyNTAzMTg4MTEyMDAiDNYmlw4GGM1u%2F3KCvyqRA1JNwynb9KgSQAmHpaf184MEWMKdYjNtCwnWDuStV74N6SO5hhpyeby4mRvQ0%2BErXjK3yW6nh199%2FwCafV%2F%2BqYl6KbMGhh0w0gUaqwyWGxJjvz%2FistM3jq0HngOJveDL6V20iTk7cqNoCqM33AClGR1vHuI1EA%2BDQBZXzOGvjZj8sgY0eAwzxbDmoozxEDwtzjULJOwUdRsZXC9Qu6iwBNnO1ZtMtwWiuAIkfNWx9S%2FZ%2BnJCcNKM2e%2FnbJ%2BrWv3z7rFSRKHOXbo8oQCSS5xNhHjBrlvC9NIn5z%2F5O5yrxMo3f7a5CbljQ1sZHU8fRf9NDmSTK07E8kgEuNlWTweW2l5VS1zeeQgTmjDaxPsrId%2F1Jw9d7MQG5mvu1eOXH8YzsEXT3l2jmn%2FlCArJwO7K3B%2BRJV7jhJ9mCfgWMlGLwI79K%2BYtZAPAHBzBvAFiubI6OCMTfUKELoHsJP3q5Z5LjKtFxqXDb9f1urVkTYN0LjAaxs0auVqMtM3Rnl5UWsZAA01hFCPCMLDwMa%2FRUVqHYwUHMIO7iPQFOusBvdQZTkdP0Zae%2BisIJwvqw1CgWwtxQnxe2EXDLuuo6vw12QFzH5ARNo%2FOlqcYGyJgqfL%2Bkw2cexOJPnetNa%2FW2y1FQF7tHwdkEI82lhUyYM5zhopDfwa4oP7jNgyGAb01cBTV5IjQ9hxkj5oapc3fikA%2BGAejh3P%2BQXVYuNh7R5khSkOQULy%2BmD9pIrehxyzr9ukJmVV7hRMYML4cg4qBSfNLPDDuv7QBENG0nPxyMKRLfo8tsTdn4ZXfHNJ%2FI%2BEOb%2BHjJxvw678huBKkp6YBdmMPt0nDkcfooJ2TajeJC%2FkIdfM22dgI5gyshw%3D%3D&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Signature=6aed81ada47129aed554f4542a15b6a6e53ef2745bff7077af8cd52d5c236215">[1]</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Purifying the Nation, the Arya Samaj in Gujarat 1895–1930</i> Indian Economic and Social History Review 2000. 44:1 p. 41 – 65.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Thursby_1975-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Thursby_1975_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThursby1975" class="citation book cs1">Thursby, Gene R. (1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=abcfAAAAIAAJ&q=arya+samaj&pg=PA15"><i>Hindu-Muslim Relations in British India: A Study of Controversy, Conflict, and Communal Movements in Northern India 1923-1928</i></a>. BRILL. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-04380-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-04380-0"><bdi>978-90-04-04380-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hindu-Muslim+Relations+in+British+India%3A+A+Study+of+Controversy%2C+Conflict%2C+and+Communal+Movements+in+Northern+India+1923-1928&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=978-90-04-04380-0&rft.aulast=Thursby&rft.aufirst=Gene+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DabcfAAAAIAAJ%26q%3Darya%2Bsamaj%26pg%3DPA15&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArya+Samaj" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Benichou_2000-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Benichou_2000_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLucien_D._Benichou2000" class="citation book cs1">Lucien D. Benichou (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Loiq3YrFy40C&pg=PR7"><i>From Autocracy to Integration: Political Developments in Hyderabad State, 1938–1948</i></a>. Orient Blackswan. p. 79. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-250-1847-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-250-1847-6"><bdi>978-81-250-1847-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Autocracy+to+Integration%3A+Political+Developments+in+Hyderabad+State%2C+1938%E2%80%931948&rft.pages=79&rft.pub=Orient+Blackswan&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-81-250-1847-6&rft.au=Lucien+D.+Benichou&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLoiq3YrFy40C%26pg%3DPR7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArya+Samaj" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Arya_Samaj-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Arya_Samaj_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFP._V._Kate1987" class="citation book cs1">P. 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Mittal Publications. pp. 51, 64–66. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7099-017-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7099-017-8"><bdi>978-81-7099-017-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Marathwada+Under+the+Nizams%2C+1724%E2%80%931948&rft.pages=51%2C+64-66&rft.pub=Mittal+Publications&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=978-81-7099-017-8&rft.au=P.+V.+Kate&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtjndiykddsIC%26pg%3DPR5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArya+Samaj" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Benichou-2000-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Benichou-2000_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLucien_D._Benichou2000" class="citation book cs1">Lucien D. Benichou (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Loiq3YrFy40C&pg=PR7"><i>From Autocracy to Integration: Political Developments in Hyderabad State, 1938-1948</i></a>. Orient Blackswan. p. 79. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-250-1847-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-250-1847-6"><bdi>978-81-250-1847-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Autocracy+to+Integration%3A+Political+Developments+in+Hyderabad+State%2C+1938-1948&rft.pages=79&rft.pub=Orient+Blackswan&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-81-250-1847-6&rft.au=Lucien+D.+Benichou&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLoiq3YrFy40C%26pg%3DPR7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArya+Samaj" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-google-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-google_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lamba K. G. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aSzbGKyLqicC&pg=PA90"><i>Dynamics of Punjabi Suba Movement</i></a> Deep and Deep 1999. p. 90 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788176291293" title="Special:BookSources/9788176291293">9788176291293</a> Accessed 3 February 2017.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-google2-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-google2_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Chopra R. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=U_ODfrFOd8AC&pg=PA9072"><i>Love Is The Ultimate Winner</i></a> Partridge, India 2013. p. 9072. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781482800050" title="Special:BookSources/9781482800050">9781482800050</a> Accessed 3 February 2017.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-google3-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-google3_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Grewal J. S. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2_nryFANsoYC&pg=PA187"><i>The Sikhs of the Punjab</i></a> Cambridge University Press 1998. p. 187 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521637640" title="Special:BookSources/9780521637640">9780521637640</a> Accessed 3 February 2017.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sharma S. C. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=L1RGX3whGEIC&q=punjab+the+crucial+decade"><i>Punjab, the Crucial Decade</i></a> Atlantic 1987. p. 133.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thearyasamaj.org/home">Arya Samaj</a> Arya Samaj website.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdam,_Michel2015" class="citation book cs1">Adam, Michel (22 October 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PQPqCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA315"><i>Indian Africa: Minorities of Indian-Pakistani Origin in Eastern Africa</i></a>. Mkuki na Nyota Publishers. p. 77. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9987-08-297-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-9987-08-297-1"><bdi>978-9987-08-297-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Indian+Africa%3A+Minorities+of+Indian-Pakistani+Origin+in+Eastern+Africa&rft.pages=77&rft.pub=Mkuki+na+Nyota+Publishers&rft.date=2015-10-22&rft.isbn=978-9987-08-297-1&rft.au=Adam%2C+Michel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPQPqCgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA315&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArya+Samaj" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-aryasamajqueensland-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-aryasamajqueensland_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aryasamajqueensland.com/">Arya Samaj Queensland</a> website. Retrieved 3 February 2017.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ombongi K. S. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke/handle/11295/19703"><i>Hindu Socio-Religious Organizations in Kenya: A Case Study of Arya Samaj, 1903–1978</i></a> <a href="/wiki/University_of_Nairobi" title="University of Nairobi">University of Nairobi</a> 1993.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Eisenlohr P. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QFzcGV9FlxgC&q=arya&pg=PR7"><i>Little India: Diaspora, Time, and Ethnolinguistic Belonging in Hindu Mauritius</i></a> University of California Press, Berkeley, California 2006. p. 36. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-24879-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-24879-3">978-0-520-24879-3</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdam,_Michel2015" class="citation book cs1">Adam, Michel (22 October 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PQPqCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA315"><i>Indian Africa: Minorities of Indian-Pakistani Origin in Eastern Africa</i></a>. Mkuki na Nyota Publishers. p. 47. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9987-08-297-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-9987-08-297-1"><bdi>978-9987-08-297-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Indian+Africa%3A+Minorities+of+Indian-Pakistani+Origin+in+Eastern+Africa&rft.pages=47&rft.pub=Mkuki+na+Nyota+Publishers&rft.date=2015-10-22&rft.isbn=978-9987-08-297-1&rft.au=Adam%2C+Michel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPQPqCgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA315&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArya+Samaj" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Vancouver-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Vancouver_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Coward H. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mbc.metropolis.net/assets/uploads/files/wp/1999/WP99-04.pdf"><i>Hindus in Canada, the Third National Metropolis Conference</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131230231847/http://www.mbc.metropolis.net/assets/uploads/files/wp/1999/WP99-04.pdf#">Archived</a> 30 December 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Centre of Excellence for Research on Immigration and Integration in the Metropolis 1999.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aryasamaj.com/global/">Arya Pratinidhi Sabha America</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131231004055/http://aryasamaj.com/global/">Archived</a> 31 December 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Arya Samaj website. Retrieved 30 December 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jones1976-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Jones1976_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKenneth_W._Jones1976" class="citation book cs1">Kenneth W. Jones (1976). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RpvXCtNzrz8C&pg=PR9"><i>Arya Dharm: Hindu Consciousness in 19th-century Punjab</i></a>. University of California Press. pp. 139–143. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-02920-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-02920-0"><bdi>978-0-520-02920-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Arya+Dharm%3A+Hindu+Consciousness+in+19th-century+Punjab&rft.pages=139-143&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=978-0-520-02920-0&rft.au=Kenneth+W.+Jones&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRpvXCtNzrz8C%26pg%3DPR9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArya+Samaj" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vedicculturalcentre.com/hindu.htm">"Arya Samaj in Hindu Dharma - VCC"</a>. <i>vedicculturalcentre.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=vedicculturalcentre.com&rft.atitle=Arya+Samaj+in+Hindu+Dharma+-+VCC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vedicculturalcentre.com%2Fhindu.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArya+Samaj" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_43-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_43-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_43-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_43-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_43-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_43-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_43-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_43-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_43-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_43-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aryasamajindia.org/read/10-principles-of-arya-samaj/">"10 Principles of Arya Samaj – English & Hindi"</a>. <i>Arya Samaj India</i>. 5 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Arya+Samaj+India&rft.atitle=10+Principles+of+Arya+Samaj+%E2%80%93+English+%26+Hindi&rft.date=2015-09-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Faryasamajindia.org%2Fread%2F10-principles-of-arya-samaj%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArya+Samaj" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNaidoo1992" class="citation book cs1">Naidoo, T. (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=P2z1mnXSPmEC"><i>The Arya Samaj Movement in South Africa</i></a> (First ed.). Motilal Banarsidass Publishers. pp. 30, 71. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-208-0769-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-208-0769-3"><bdi>978-81-208-0769-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Arya+Samaj+Movement+in+South+Africa&rft.pages=30%2C+71&rft.edition=First&rft.pub=Motilal+Banarsidass+Publishers&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-81-208-0769-3&rft.aulast=Naidoo&rft.aufirst=T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DP2z1mnXSPmEC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArya+Samaj" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBhattacharyya1987" class="citation book cs1">Bhattacharyya, Sivaprasad (1987). Morgan, Kenneth W. (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ulz9mO9cK54C&q=%22arya+samaj%22+animistic+worship&pg=PR5"><i>The Religion of the Hindus</i></a> (Reprint. ed.). Delhi: M. Banarsidass. p. 199. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8120803879" title="Special:BookSources/978-8120803879"><bdi>978-8120803879</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Religion+of+the+Hindus&rft.place=Delhi&rft.pages=199&rft.edition=Reprint.&rft.pub=M.+Banarsidass&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=978-8120803879&rft.aulast=Bhattacharyya&rft.aufirst=Sivaprasad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dulz9mO9cK54C%26q%3D%2522arya%2Bsamaj%2522%2Banimistic%2Bworship%26pg%3DPR5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArya+Samaj" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_46-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_46-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones1976" class="citation book cs1">Jones, Kenneth W. (1976). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RpvXCtNzrz8C&dq=holi+arya+samaj&pg=PA95"><i>Arya Dharm: Hindu Consciousness in 19th-century Punjab</i></a>. University of California Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-02920-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-02920-0"><bdi>978-0-520-02920-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Arya+Dharm%3A+Hindu+Consciousness+in+19th-century+Punjab&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=978-0-520-02920-0&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Kenneth+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRpvXCtNzrz8C%26dq%3Dholi%2Barya%2Bsamaj%26pg%3DPA95&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArya+Samaj" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Firth S. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pYNXC-HK1u0C&q=havan&pg=PR8"><i>Dying, death and bereavement in a British Hindu community</i></a> Peeters, Leuven 1997. p. 89. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789068319767" title="Special:BookSources/9789068319767">9789068319767</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Arya Dharm: Hindu Consciousness in 19th-century Punjab Paperback – 1 January 2006 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones1976" class="citation book cs1">Jones, Kenneth W. (1976). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RpvXCtNzrz8C&q=kenneth+w+jones+arya+samaj&pg=PA67"><i>Arya Dharm : Hindu Consciousness in 19th-century Punjab</i></a>. New Delhi: Manohar. p. 67. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8173047091" title="Special:BookSources/978-8173047091"><bdi>978-8173047091</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Arya+Dharm+%3A+Hindu+Consciousness+in+19th-century+Punjab&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.pages=67&rft.pub=Manohar&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=978-8173047091&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Kenneth+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRpvXCtNzrz8C%26q%3Dkenneth%2Bw%2Bjones%2Barya%2Bsamaj%26pg%3DPA67&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArya+Samaj" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arya_Samaj&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li>Chamupati M. A. (2001) <i>Ten Commandments of Arya Samaj</i> New Delhi: D.A.V. Publications.</li> <li>Jordens J. T. F. (1978) <i>Dayanada Saraswati</i> Oxford University Press, Delhi</li> <li>Madhu Kishwar, "The Daughters of Aryavarta: Women in the Arya Samaj movement, Punjab." Chapter in Women in Colonial India; Essays on Survival, Work and the State, edited by J. Krishnamurthy, Oxford University Press, 1989.</li> <li>Rai L. (1915) <i>The Arya Samaj: an Account of its Aims, Doctrine and Activities, with a Biographical Sketch of the Founder</i> D.A.V. College Managing Committee, New Delhi <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-85047-77-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-85047-77-5">978-81-85047-77-5</a>.</li> <li>Rai L. (1993) <i>A History of the Arya Samaj</i> New Delhi <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-215-0578-X" title="Special:BookSources/81-215-0578-X">81-215-0578-X</a>.</li> <li>Ruthven M. (2007) <i>Fundamentalism: a Very Short Introduction</i> Oxford University Press <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-921270-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-921270-5">978-0-19-921270-5</a>.</li> <li>Sharma J. M. (1998) <i>Swami Dayanand: a Biography</i> USB, India <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-7476-212-4" title="Special:BookSources/81-7476-212-4">81-7476-212-4</a>.</li> <li>Sethi R. "Rashtra Pitamah Swami Dayanand Saraswati" M R Sethi Educational Trust, Chandigarh.</li> <li>Upadhyaya G. P. (1954) <i>The Origin, Scope and Mission of the Arya Samaj</i> Arya Samaj.</li> <li>Shastri V. (1967) <i>The Arya Samaj</i> Sarvadeshik Arya Pratinidhi Sabha.</li> <li>Pandey D. (1972) <i>The Arya Samaj and Indian Nationalism, 1875–1920</i> S. Chand.</li> <li>Pandit S. (1975) <i>A Critical Study of the Contribution of the Arya Samaj to Indian Education</i> Sarvadeshik Arya, Pratinidhi Sabha.</li> <li>Vedalanker N. and Somera M. (1975) <i>Arya Samaj and Indians Abroad</i> Sarvadeshik Arya Pratinidhi Sabha.</li> <li>Vable D. (1983) <i>The Arya Samaj: Hindu Without Hinduism</i> Vikas<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7069-2131-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-7069-2131-3">0-7069-2131-3</a>.</li> <li>Sharma S. K. (1985) <i>Social Movements and Social Change: a Study of Arya Samaj and Untouchables in Punjab</i> B.R. Publishing.</li> <li>Yadav K. C. and Arya K. S. (1988) <i>Arya Samaj and the Freedom Movement: 1875–1918</i> Manohar Publications. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-85054-42-8" title="Special:BookSources/81-85054-42-8">81-85054-42-8</a>.</li> <li>Saxena G. S. (1990) <i>Arya Samaj Movement in India, 1875–1947</i> Commonwealth Publishers. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-7169-045-9" title="Special:BookSources/81-7169-045-9">81-7169-045-9</a>.</li> <li>Sethi R. (2009) <i>Rashtra Pitamah, Swami Dayanand Saraswati</i> M R Sethi Educational Trust, Chandigarh</li> <li>Chopra R. M. (2009) <i><a href="/wiki/Hinduism_Today" title="Hinduism Today">Hinduism Today</a></i></li> <li>Jamnager A. S. and Pandya D. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aryasamajjamnagar.org/aryasamaji/arasamaji.htm"><i>Aryasamaj Ke Stambh</i></a> A. S. Jamnager's website.</li> <li>Jones K. <i>Arya Dharm: Hindu Consciousness in 19th-Century Punjab</i></li> <li>Dayananda, S., & Bharadwaja, C. (1932). Light of truth, or, An English translation of the Satyartha prakasha: The well-known work of Swami Dayananda Saraswati. Madras: Arya Samaj.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Shraddhananda" class="mw-redirect" title="Swami Shraddhananda">Swami Shraddhananda</a>, . (1926). Hindu sangathan: Saviour of the dying race. Delhi: Shraddhananda.</li> <li>Swami Śraddhānanda, . (1984). Inside the Congress: A collection of 26 articles. New Delhi: Dayanand Sansthan.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arya_Samaj&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; 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box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #e1c039, inset -1px -1px 0 #e1c039;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Arya_Samaj_by_country" title="Template:Arya Samaj by country"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Arya_Samaj_by_country" title="Template talk:Arya Samaj by country"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Arya_Samaj_by_country" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Arya Samaj by country"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Arya_Samaj" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Arya Samaj</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#ffc569; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #e1c039, inset -1px -1px 0 #e1c039;;width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arya_Samaj_in_Ghana" title="Arya Samaj in Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arya_Samaj_in_Kenya" title="Arya Samaj in Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arya_Samaj_in_Mauritius" title="Arya Samaj in Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arya_Samaj_in_Mozambique" title="Arya Samaj in Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arya_Samaj_in_South_Africa" title="Arya Samaj in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arya_Samaj_in_Tanzania" title="Arya Samaj in Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arya_Samaj_in_Uganda" title="Arya Samaj in Uganda">Uganda</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="10" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Aum_red.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Aum_red.svg/50px-Aum_red.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Aum_red.svg/75px-Aum_red.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Aum_red.svg/100px-Aum_red.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="242" data-file-height="201" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#ffc569; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #e1c039, inset -1px -1px 0 #e1c039;;width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arya_Samaj_in_India&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arya Samaj in India (page does not exist)">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arya_Samaj_in_Burma" title="Arya Samaj in Burma">Burma</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arya_Samaj_in_Malaysia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arya Samaj in Malaysia (page does not exist)">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arya_Samaj_in_Pakistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arya Samaj in Pakistan (page does not exist)">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arya_Samaj_in_Singapore" title="Arya Samaj in Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arya_Samaj_in_Thailand" title="Arya Samaj in Thailand">Thailand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#ffc569; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #e1c039, inset -1px -1px 0 #e1c039;;width:1%">Caribbean</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arya_Samaj_in_Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Arya Samaj in Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arya_Samaj_in_Guyana" title="Arya Samaj in Guyana">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arya_Samaj_in_Suriname" title="Arya Samaj in Suriname">Suriname</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#ffc569; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #e1c039, inset -1px -1px 0 #e1c039;;width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arya_Samaj_in_England&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arya Samaj in England (page does not exist)">England</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arya_Samaj_in_Netherlands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arya Samaj in Netherlands (page does not exist)">Netherlands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#ffc569; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #e1c039, inset -1px -1px 0 #e1c039;;width:1%">North America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arya_Samaj_in_Canada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arya Samaj in Canada (page does not exist)">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arya_Samaj_in_United_States&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arya Samaj in United States (page does not exist)">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#ffc569; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #e1c039, inset -1px -1px 0 #e1c039;;width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arya_Samaj_in_Australia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arya Samaj in Australia (page does not exist)">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arya_Samaj_in_Fiji" title="Arya Samaj in Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arya_Samaj_in_New_Zealand&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arya Samaj in New Zealand (page does not exist)">New Zealand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#ffc569; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #e1c039, inset -1px -1px 0 #e1c039;;width:1%">Core topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dayananda_Saraswati" title="Dayananda Saraswati">Dayananda Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D.A.V._College_Managing_Committee" title="D.A.V. College Managing Committee">D.A.V. College Managing Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghar_Wapsi" title="Ghar Wapsi">Ghar Wapsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurukula" title="Gurukula">Gurukula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moksha" title="Moksha">Moksha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyarth_Prakash" title="Satyarth Prakash">Satyarth Prakash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Arya_Marriage_Validation_Act,_1937" title="The Arya Marriage Validation Act, 1937">The Arya Marriage Validation Act, 1937</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#ffc569; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #e1c039, inset -1px -1px 0 #e1c039;;width:1%">Prominent Arya Samajists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pandit_Lekh_Ram" title="Pandit Lekh Ram">Pandit Lekh Ram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Shraddhanand" title="Swami Shraddhanand">Swami Shraddhanand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhagat_Phool_Singh_Mahila_Vishwavidyalaya#History" title="Bhagat Phool Singh Mahila Vishwavidyalaya">Bhagat Phool Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lala_Lajpat_Rai" title="Lala Lajpat Rai">Lala Lajpat Rai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narayan_Rao_Pawar" title="Narayan Rao Pawar">Narayan Rao Pawar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#ffc569; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #e1c039, inset -1px -1px 0 #e1c039;;width:1%">Arya heroes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ganga_Prasad_Upadhyaya" title="Ganga Prasad Upadhyaya">Ganga Prasad Upadhyaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahu_of_Kolhapur" title="Shahu of Kolhapur">Shahu of Kolhapur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Hansraj" title="Mahatma Hansraj">Mahatma Hansraj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Omanand_Saraswati" title="Swami Omanand Saraswati">Swami Omanand Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarla_Bedi" title="Sarla Bedi">Sarla Bedi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarla_Thukral" title="Sarla Thukral">Sarla Thukral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Arya_Samajis" title="Category:Arya Samajis">List of Arya Samajis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#ffc569; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #e1c039, inset -1px -1px 0 #e1c039;;width:1%">Context</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_reform_movements" title="Hindu reform movements">Hindu reform movements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_diaspora" title="Indian diaspora">Indian diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indianisation" title="Indianisation">Indianisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Indian_influence_on_Southeast_Asia" title="History of Indian influence on Southeast Asia">Influence of Indian religions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_religions" title="Indian religions">Indian-origin religions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jainism" title="Jainism">Jainism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikhism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Hindus" title="Persecution of Hindus">Persecution of Hindus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Hindu_reform_movements" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#FFC569;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hindu_reform_movements" title="Template:Hindu reform movements"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hindu_reform_movements" title="Template talk:Hindu reform movements"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hindu_reform_movements" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hindu reform movements"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Hindu_reform_movements" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Hindu_reform_movements" title="Hindu reform movements">Hindu reform movements</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;">Reform movements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adi_Dharm" title="Adi Dharm">Adi Dharm</a>/<a href="/wiki/Brahmoism" title="Brahmoism">Brahmoism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brahmo_Samaj" title="Brahmo Samaj">Brahmo Samaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadharan_Brahmo_Samaj" title="Sadharan Brahmo Samaj">Sadharan Brahmo Samaj</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advait_Mat" title="Advait Mat">Advait Mat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Divine_Light_Mission" title="Divine Light Mission">Divine Light Mission</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Meditation_Institute" title="American Meditation Institute">American Meditation Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ananda_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Ananda movement">Ananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Paramananda#In_the_West._Ananda_Ashrama" title="Swami Paramananda">Ananda Ashrama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ananda_Marga" title="Ananda Marga">Ananda Marga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shree_Shree_Anandamayee_Sangha" class="mw-redirect" title="Shree Shree Anandamayee Sangha">Anandamayee Sangha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_Living_Foundation" title="Art of Living Foundation">Art of Living</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Arya Samaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayyavazhi" title="Ayyavazhi">Ayyavazhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahma_Kumaris" title="Brahma Kumaris">Brahma Kumaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinmaya_Mission" title="Chinmaya Mission">Chinmaya Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganapathi_Sachchidananda#Organizations_founded" title="Ganapathi Sachchidananda">Datta Yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divine_Life_Society" title="Divine Life Society">Divine Life Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanuman_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanuman Foundation">Hanuman Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himalayan_Institute_of_Yoga_Science_and_Philosophy" title="Himalayan Institute of Yoga Science and Philosophy">Himalayan Institute of Yoga Science and Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_nationalism" title="Hindu nationalism">Hindu nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindutva" title="Hindutva">Hindutva</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_Janajagruti_Samiti" title="Hindu Janajagruti Samiti">Hindu Janajagruti Samiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_Mahasabha" title="Hindu Mahasabha">Hindu Mahasabha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_Munnani" title="Hindu Munnani">Hindu Munnani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_Sena" title="Hindu Sena">Hindu Sena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_Yuva_Vahini" title="Hindu Yuva Vahini">Hindu Yuva Vahini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanatan_Sanstha" title="Sanatan Sanstha">Sanatan Sanstha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangh_Parivar" title="Sangh Parivar">Sangh Parivar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishva_Hindu_Parishad" title="Vishva Hindu Parishad">Vishva Hindu Parishad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashtriya_Swayamsevak_Sangh" title="Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh">Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Vedanta_Society" title="International Vedanta Society">International Vedanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Society_for_Krishna_Consciousness" title="International Society for Krishna Consciousness">ISKCON</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISKCON_Revival_Movement" title="ISKCON Revival Movement">ISKCON Revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isha_Foundation" title="Isha Foundation">Isha Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hariharananda_Giri" title="Hariharananda Giri">Kriya Yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahima_Dharma" title="Mahima Dharma">Mahima Dharma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mata_Amritanandamayi_Math" title="Mata Amritanandamayi Math">Mata Amritanandamayi Math</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matua_Mahasangha" title="Matua Mahasangha">Matua Mahasangha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sree_Narayana_Dharma_Paripalana_Yogam_(SNDP)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sree Narayana Dharma Paripalana Yogam (SNDP)">Narayana Dharma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prarthana_Samaj" title="Prarthana Samaj">Prarthana Samaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramakrishna_Mission" title="Ramakrishna Mission">Ramakrishna Mission</a> / <a href="/wiki/Vedanta_Society" title="Vedanta Society">Vedanta Societies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravidassia" title="Ravidassia">Ravidassia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahaja_Yoga" title="Sahaja Yoga">Sahaja Yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_Sant_Mat_movements" title="Contemporary Sant Mat movements">Sant Mat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radha_Soami" title="Radha Soami">Radha Soami</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sathya_Sai_Baba_movement" title="Sathya Sai Baba movement">Sathya Sai Baba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satsang_(Deoghar)" title="Satsang (Deoghar)">Satsang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satya_Dharma" title="Satya Dharma">Satya Dharma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyashodhak_Samaj" title="Satyashodhak Samaj">Satyashodhak Samaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_of_Identity_Foundation" title="Science of Identity Foundation">Science of Identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-Realization_Fellowship" title="Self-Realization Fellowship">Self-Realization Fellowship</a> / <a href="/wiki/Yogoda_Satsanga_Society_of_India" title="Yogoda Satsanga Society of India">Yogoda Satsanga</a></li> <li>Shirdi Sai Baba</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sivananda_yoga" title="Sivananda yoga">Sivananda yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Aurobindo_Ashram" title="Sri Aurobindo Ashram">Sri Aurobindo Ashram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Ramana_Ashram" title="Sri Ramana Ashram">Sri Ramana Ashram</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Abidance_in_Truth" title="Society of Abidance in Truth">Abidance in Truth</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swadhyaya_Movement" title="Swadhyaya Movement">Swadhyay Parivar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Narnarayan_Dev_Yuvak_Mandal" title="Narnarayan Dev Yuvak Mandal">NNDYM</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transcendental_Meditation_movement" title="Transcendental Meditation movement">Transcendental Meditation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhakti" title="Bhakti">Bhakti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahmacharya" title="Brahmacharya">Brahmacharya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caste_system_in_India" title="Caste system in India">Caste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghar_Wapsi" title="Ghar Wapsi">Ghar Wapsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moksha" title="Moksha">Moksha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Vedanta" title="Neo-Vedanta">Neo-Vedanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Hindus" title="Persecution of Hindus">Persecution of Hindus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuddhi_(Hinduism)" title="Shuddhi (Hinduism)">Shuddhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Hinduism" title="Women in Hinduism">Women in Hinduism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;"><a href="/wiki/Guru" title="Guru">Gurus</a> and <br /> revivalist writers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meher_Baba" title="Meher Baba">Meher Baba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mata_Amritanandamayi" title="Mata Amritanandamayi">Amritanandamayi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gururaj_Ananda_Yogi" title="Gururaj Ananda Yogi">Ananda Yogi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anandamayi_Ma" title="Anandamayi Ma">Anandamayi Ma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anukulchandra_Chakravarty" title="Anukulchandra Chakravarty">Anukulchandra Chakravarty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arumuka_Navalar" title="Arumuka Navalar">Arumuka Navalar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandurang_Shastri_Athavale" title="Pandurang Shastri Athavale">Athavale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Aurobindo" title="Sri Aurobindo">Aurobindo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boro_Maa" title="Boro Maa">Boro Maa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bankim_Chandra_Chatterjee" title="Bankim Chandra Chatterjee">Chatterjee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinmayananda_Saraswati" title="Chinmayananda Saraswati">Chinmayananda Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Chinmoy" title="Sri Chinmoy">Chinmoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayananda_Saraswati" title="Dayananda Saraswati">Dayananda Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daya_Mata" title="Daya Mata">Daya Mata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganapathi_Sachchidananda" title="Ganapathi Sachchidananda">Ganapathi Sachchidananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haidakhan_Babaji" title="Haidakhan Babaji">Haidakhan Babaji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hariharananda_Giri" title="Hariharananda Giri">Hariharananda Giri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadhguru" title="Sadhguru">Jaggi Vasudev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jyotirao_Phule" title="Jyotirao Phule">Jyotirao Phule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalki_Bhagawan" title="Kalki Bhagawan">Kalki Bhagawan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narasimha_Chintaman_Kelkar" title="Narasimha Chintaman Kelkar">Kelkar, N. C.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kriyananda" title="Kriyananda">Kriyananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dada_Lekhraj" title="Dada Lekhraj">Lekhraj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maharishi_Mahesh_Yogi" title="Maharishi Mahesh Yogi">Maharishi Mahesh Yogi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mahatma Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirra_Alfassa" title="Mirra Alfassa">Mirra Alfassa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narayana_Guru" title="Narayana Guru">Narayana Guru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neem_Karoli_Baba" title="Neem Karoli Baba">Neem Karoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nirmala_Srivastava" title="Nirmala Srivastava">Nirmala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Paramananda" title="Swami Paramananda">Paramananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prem_Rawat" title="Prem Rawat">Prem Rawat</a></li> <li>Ram Chandra</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Dass" title="Ram Dass">Ram Dass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Mohan_Roy" class="mw-redirect" title="Ram Mohan Roy">Ram Mohan Roy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramakrishna" title="Ramakrishna">Ramakrishna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramana_Maharshi" title="Ramana Maharshi">Ramana Maharshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravi_Shankar_(spiritual_leader)" title="Ravi Shankar (spiritual leader)">Ravi Shankar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prabhat_Ranjan_Sarkar" title="Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar">Sarkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sathya_Sai_Baba" title="Sathya Sai Baba">Sathya Sai Baba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinayak_Damodar_Savarkar" title="Vinayak Damodar Savarkar">Savarkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keshub_Chandra_Sen" title="Keshub Chandra Sen">Sen, K. C.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Shraddhanand" title="Swami Shraddhanand">Shraddhanand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sister_Nivedita" title="Sister Nivedita">Sister Nivedita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sivananda_Saraswati" title="Sivananda Saraswati">Sivananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Rama" title="Swami Rama">Swami Rama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debendranath_Tagore" title="Debendranath Tagore">Tagore, D.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bal_Gangadhar_Tilak" title="Bal Gangadhar Tilak">Tilak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadhu_Vaswani" title="Sadhu Vaswani">Vaswani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Vipulananda" title="Swami Vipulananda">Vipulananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishnudevananda_Saraswati" title="Vishnudevananda Saraswati">Vishnudevananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Vivekananda" title="Swami Vivekananda">Vivekananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramahansa_Yogananda" title="Paramahansa Yogananda">Yogananda</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Category:Hindu_revivalists" title="Category:Hindu revivalists">more</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_diaspora" title="Indian diaspora">Indian diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indianisation" title="Indianisation">Indianisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Indian_influence_on_Southeast_Asia" title="History of Indian influence on Southeast Asia">Influence of Indian religions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_religions" title="Indian religions">Indian-origin religions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jainism" title="Jainism">Jainism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikhism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Hindus" title="Persecution of Hindus">Persecution of Hindus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="15px&#124;link=Aum_Hinduism_14px_topics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:#FFC569;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hindudharma" title="Template:Hindudharma"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hindudharma" title="Template talk:Hindudharma"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hindudharma" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hindudharma"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="15px&#124;link=Aum_Hinduism_14px_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Aum" title="Aum"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Aum_Om_red.svg/15px-Aum_Om_red.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Aum_Om_red.svg/23px-Aum_Om_red.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Aum_Om_red.svg/30px-Aum_Om_red.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="356" data-file-height="367" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HinduSwastika.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/HinduSwastika.svg/14px-HinduSwastika.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/HinduSwastika.svg/21px-HinduSwastika.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/HinduSwastika.svg/28px-HinduSwastika.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="142" data-file-height="145" /></a></span> topics</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background:#FFC569;;font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_Hinduism_terms" title="Glossary of Hinduism terms">Glossary</a></li> <li>Index</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Hinduism" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of Hinduism">Timeline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hindu_philosophy" title="Hindu philosophy">Philosophy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_Hinduism_terms" title="Glossary of Hinduism terms">Concepts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brahman" title="Brahman">Brahman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Om" title="Om">Om</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishvara" title="Ishvara">Ishvara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%80tman_(Hinduism)" title="Ātman (Hinduism)">Atman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_(religion)" title="Maya (religion)">Maya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karma" title="Karma">Karma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sa%E1%B9%83s%C4%81ra" title="Saṃsāra">Saṃsāra</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Puru%E1%B9%A3%C4%81rtha" title="Puruṣārtha">Puruṣārthas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dharma" title="Dharma">Dharma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artha" title="Artha">Artha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kama" title="Kama">Kama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moksha" title="Moksha">Moksha</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethics_in_religion#Hindu_ethics" title="Ethics in religion">Niti</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahimsa" title="Ahimsa">Ahimsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achourya" title="Achourya">Asteya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aparigraha" class="mw-redirect" title="Aparigraha">Aparigraha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahmacarya" class="mw-redirect" title="Brahmacarya">Brahmacharya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satya" title="Satya">Satya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C4%81na" title="Dāna">Dāna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temperance_(virtue)#Hinduism" title="Temperance (virtue)">Damah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compassion#Hinduism" title="Compassion">Dayā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akrodha" title="Akrodha">Akrodha</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hindu_philosophy" title="Hindu philosophy">Schools</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C4%80stika_and_n%C4%81stika" title="Āstika and nāstika">Āstika</a>: <a href="/wiki/Samkhya" title="Samkhya">Samkhya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga" title="Yoga">Yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyaya" title="Nyaya">Nyaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaisheshika" title="Vaisheshika">Vaisheshika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%ABm%C4%81%E1%B9%83s%C4%81" title="Mīmāṃsā">Mīmāṃsā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedanta" title="Vedanta">Vedanta</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dvaita_Vedanta" title="Dvaita Vedanta">Dvaita</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Advaita_Vedanta" title="Advaita Vedanta">Advaita</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vishishtadvaita" title="Vishishtadvaita">Vishishtadvaita</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%80stika_and_n%C4%81stika" title="Āstika and nāstika">Nāstika</a>: <a href="/wiki/Charvaka" title="Charvaka">Charvaka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Hindu "Om" symbol"><img alt="Hindu "Om" symbol" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Aum_Om_navy_blue_circle_hollow_coral.svg/100px-Aum_Om_navy_blue_circle_hollow_coral.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Aum_Om_navy_blue_circle_hollow_coral.svg/150px-Aum_Om_navy_blue_circle_hollow_coral.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Aum_Om_navy_blue_circle_hollow_coral.svg/200px-Aum_Om_navy_blue_circle_hollow_coral.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="507" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hindu_texts" title="Hindu texts">Texts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;">Classification</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Aruti" title="Śruti">Śruti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sm%E1%B9%9Bti" title="Smṛti">Smṛti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Vedas" title="Vedas">Vedas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rigveda" title="Rigveda">Rigveda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yajurveda" title="Yajurveda">Yajurveda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaveda" title="Samaveda">Samaveda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atharvaveda" title="Atharvaveda">Atharvaveda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;">Divisions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vedic_chant" title="Vedic chant">Samhita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahmana" title="Brahmana">Brahmana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aranyaka" title="Aranyaka">Aranyaka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Upanishads" title="Upanishads">Upanishads</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aitareya_Upanishad" title="Aitareya Upanishad">Aitareya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaushitaki_Upanishad" title="Kaushitaki Upanishad">Kaushitaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brihadaranyaka_Upanishad" title="Brihadaranyaka Upanishad">Brihadaranyaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isha_Upanishad" title="Isha Upanishad">Isha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taittiriya_Upanishad" title="Taittiriya Upanishad">Taittiriya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katha_Upanishad" title="Katha Upanishad">Katha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maitrayaniya_Upanishad" title="Maitrayaniya Upanishad">Maitrayaniya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shvetashvatara_Upanishad" title="Shvetashvatara Upanishad">Shvetashvatara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandogya_Upanishad" title="Chandogya Upanishad">Chandogya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kena_Upanishad" title="Kena Upanishad">Kena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mundaka_Upanishad" title="Mundaka Upanishad">Mundaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandukya_Upanishad" title="Mandukya Upanishad">Mandukya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prashna_Upanishad" title="Prashna Upanishad">Prashna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Upaveda" class="mw-redirect" title="Upaveda">Upavedas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ayurveda" title="Ayurveda">Ayurveda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_martial_arts" title="Indian martial arts">Dhanurveda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natya_Shastra" title="Natya Shastra">Natyaveda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_temple_architecture" title="Hindu temple architecture">Sthapatyaveda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Vedanga" title="Vedanga">Vedanga</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shiksha" title="Shiksha">Shiksha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanskrit_prosody" title="Sanskrit prosody">Chandas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vy%C4%81kara%E1%B9%87a" title="Vyākaraṇa">Vyākaraṇa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nirukta" title="Nirukta">Nirukta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalpa_(Vedanga)" title="Kalpa (Vedanga)">Kalpa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jyotisha" class="mw-redirect" title="Jyotisha">Jyotisha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hindu_texts" title="List of Hindu texts">Other</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhagavad_Gita" title="Bhagavad Gita">Bhagavad Gita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agama_(Hinduism)" title="Agama (Hinduism)">Agamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itihasa-Purana" title="Itihasa-Purana">Itihasas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana">Ramayana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahabharata" title="Mahabharata">Mahabharata</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puranas" title="Puranas">Puranas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upanishads#Classification" title="Upanishads">Minor Upanishads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthashastra" title="Arthashastra">Arthashastra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitisara" title="Nitisara">Nitisara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharma%C5%9B%C4%81stra" title="Dharmaśāstra">Dharmaśāstra</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manusmriti" title="Manusmriti">Manusmriti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C4%81radasm%E1%B9%9Bti" title="Nāradasmṛti">Nāradasmṛti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y%C4%81j%C3%B1avalkya_Sm%E1%B9%9Bti" title="Yājñavalkya Smṛti">Yājñavalkya Smṛti</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutra" title="Sutra">Sutras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stotra" title="Stotra">Stotras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subhashita" title="Subhashita">Subhashita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tantras_(Hinduism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tantras (Hinduism)">Tantras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_Vasistha" title="Yoga Vasistha">Yoga Vasistha</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yoga_Sutras_of_Patanjali" title="Yoga Sutras of Patanjali">Yoga Sutras of Patanjali</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Sangam_literature" title="Sangam literature">Sangam literature</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tirumurai" title="Tirumurai">Tirumurai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divya_Prabandham" class="mw-redirect" title="Divya Prabandham">Divya Prabandham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirumuruk%C4%81%E1%B9%9F%E1%B9%9Fuppa%E1%B9%ADai" title="Tirumurukāṟṟuppaṭai">Tirumurukāṟṟuppaṭai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiruppugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Thiruppugal">Thiruppugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirukkural" class="mw-redirect" title="Thirukkural">Thirukkural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamba_Ramayanam" class="mw-redirect" title="Kamba Ramayanam">Kamba Ramayanam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_Great_Epics" title="Five Great Epics">Five Great Epics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eighteen_Greater_Texts" title="Eighteen Greater Texts">Eighteen Greater Texts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eighteen_Lesser_Texts" title="Eighteen Lesser Texts">Eighteen Lesser Texts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athichudi" title="Athichudi">Athichudi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraiyanar_Akapporul" title="Iraiyanar Akapporul">Iraiyanar Akapporul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abhirami_Antati" class="mw-redirect" title="Abhirami Antati">Abhirami Antati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiruvilaiyadal_Puranam" title="Thiruvilaiyadal Puranam">Thiruvilaiyadal Puranam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinayagar_Agaval" title="Vinayagar Agaval">Vinayagar Agaval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedarthasamgraha" title="Vedarthasamgraha">Vedarthasamgraha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hindu_deities" title="Hindu deities">Deities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Deva_(Hinduism)" title="Deva (Hinduism)">Gods</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trimurti" title="Trimurti">Trimurti</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brahma" title="Brahma">Brahma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishnu" title="Vishnu">Vishnu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiva" title="Shiva">Shiva</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agni" title="Agni">Agni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dattatreya" title="Dattatreya">Dattatreya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganesha" title="Ganesha">Ganesha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanuman" title="Hanuman">Hanuman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indra" title="Indra">Indra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kartikeya" title="Kartikeya">Kartikeya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishna" title="Krishna">Krishna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rama" title="Rama">Rama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surya" title="Surya">Surya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varuna" title="Varuna">Varuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vayu" title="Vayu">Vayu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hindu_gods" title="Category:Hindu gods"><i>more</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Devi" title="Devi">Goddesses</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tridevi" title="Tridevi">Tridevi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saraswati" title="Saraswati">Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakshmi" title="Lakshmi">Lakshmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parvati" title="Parvati">Parvati</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhumi_(goddess)" title="Bhumi (goddess)">Bhumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durga" title="Durga">Durga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kali" title="Kali">Kali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahavidya" title="Mahavidya">Mahavidya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matrika" class="mw-redirect" title="Matrika">Matrika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radha" title="Radha">Radha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rukmini" title="Rukmini">Rukmini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sati_(Hindu_goddess)" title="Sati (Hindu goddess)">Sati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakti" title="Shakti">Shakti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shashthi" title="Shashthi">Shashthi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sita" title="Sita">Sita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hindu_goddesses" title="Category:Hindu goddesses"><i>more</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%">Practices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Worship_in_Hinduism" title="Worship in Hinduism">Worship</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_temple" title="Hindu temple">Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murti" title="Murti">Murti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puja_(Hinduism)" title="Puja (Hinduism)">Puja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhakti" title="Bhakti">Bhakti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japa" title="Japa">Japa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhajan" title="Bhajan">Bhajan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naivedhya" class="mw-redirect" title="Naivedhya">Naivedhya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yajna" title="Yajna">Yajna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homa_(ritual)" title="Homa (ritual)">Homa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapas_(Indian_religions)" title="Tapas (Indian religions)">Tapas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhy%C4%81na_in_Hinduism" class="mw-redirect" title="Dhyāna in Hinduism">Dhyāna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_pilgrimage_sites_in_India" title="Hindu pilgrimage sites in India">Tirthatana</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Sanskara_(rite_of_passage)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanskara (rite of passage)">Sanskaras</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Garbhadhana" title="Garbhadhana">Garbhadhana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pumsavana" title="Pumsavana">Pumsavana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pumsavana_Simantonayana" title="Pumsavana Simantonayana">Simantonayana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jatakarma" title="Jatakarma">Jatakarma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C4%81makara%E1%B9%87a" title="Nāmakaraṇa">Namakarana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nishkramana" title="Nishkramana">Nishkramana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annaprashana" title="Annaprashana">Annaprashana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chudakarana" title="Chudakarana">Chudakarana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karnavedha" title="Karnavedha">Karnavedha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vidy%C4%81ra%E1%B9%83bha%E1%B9%83" title="Vidyāraṃbhaṃ">Vidyarambha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upanayana" title="Upanayana">Upanayana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keshanta" title="Keshanta">Keshanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ritu_Kala_Samskaram" title="Ritu Kala Samskaram">Ritushuddhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samavartanam" title="Samavartanam">Samavartanam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivaah" class="mw-redirect" title="Vivaah">Vivaha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antyesti" title="Antyesti">Antyeshti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;">Varnashrama</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Varna_(Hinduism)" title="Varna (Hinduism)">Varna</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brahmin" title="Brahmin">Brahmin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kshatriya" title="Kshatriya">Kshatriya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaishya" title="Vaishya">Vaishya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shudra" title="Shudra">Shudra</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashrama_(stage)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashrama (stage)">Ashrama</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brahmacarya" class="mw-redirect" title="Brahmacarya">Brahmacharya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grihastha" class="mw-redirect" title="Grihastha">Grihastha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanaprastha" class="mw-redirect" title="Vanaprastha">Vanaprastha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sannyasa" title="Sannyasa">Sannyasa</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hindu_festivals" title="List of Hindu festivals">Festivals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diwali" title="Diwali">Diwali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holi" title="Holi">Holi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maha_Shivaratri" title="Maha Shivaratri">Shivaratri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raksha_Bandhan" title="Raksha Bandhan">Raksha Bandhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navaratri" title="Navaratri">Navaratri</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Durga_Puja" title="Durga Puja">Durga Puja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramlila" title="Ramlila">Ramlila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vijayadashami" title="Vijayadashami">Vijayadashami</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganesh_Chaturthi" title="Ganesh Chaturthi">Ganesh Chaturthi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rama_Navami" title="Rama Navami">Rama Navami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishna_Janmashtami" title="Krishna Janmashtami">Janmashtami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onam" title="Onam">Onam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pongal_(festival)" title="Pongal (festival)">Pongal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makar_Sankranti" title="Makar Sankranti">Makar Sankranti</a></li> <li>New Year <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bihu" title="Bihu">Bihu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gudi_Padwa" title="Gudi Padwa">Gudi Padwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahela_Baishakh" class="mw-redirect" title="Pahela Baishakh">Pahela Baishakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puthandu" title="Puthandu">Puthandu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaisakhi" title="Vaisakhi">Vaisakhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishu" title="Vishu">Vishu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugadi" title="Ugadi">Ugadi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumbh_Mela" title="Kumbh Mela">Kumbh Mela</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haridwar_Kumbh_Mela" title="Haridwar Kumbh Mela">Haridwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nashik-Trimbakeshwar_Simhastha" title="Nashik-Trimbakeshwar Simhastha">Nashik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayag_Kumbh_Mela" title="Prayag Kumbh Mela">Prayag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ujjain_Simhastha" title="Ujjain Simhastha">Ujjain</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ratha_Yatra_(Puri)" title="Ratha Yatra (Puri)">Ratha Yatra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teej" title="Teej">Teej</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasant_Panchami" title="Vasant Panchami">Vasant Panchami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Hindu_festivals" title="Template:Hindu festivals">Others</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sv%C4%81dhy%C4%81ya" title="Svādhyāya">Svādhyāya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namaste" title="Namaste">Namaste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bindi_(decoration)" title="Bindi (decoration)">Bindi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tilaka" title="Tilaka">Tilaka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Hinduism" title="Portal:Hinduism">Related</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindus" title="Hindus">Hindus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindus#Etymology" title="Hindus">Etymology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_Hindus" title="Lists of Hindus">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_denominations" title="Hindu denominations">Denominations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_law" title="Hindu law">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_calendar" title="Hindu calendar">Calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Hindu_sentiment" title="Anti-Hindu sentiment">Anti-Hindu sentiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Hinduism" title="Criticism of Hinduism">Criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hindu_gurus_and_sants" title="List of Hindu gurus and sants">Hindu gurus and sants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_studies" title="Hindu studies">Hindu studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_iconography" title="Hindu iconography">Iconography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_mythology" title="Hindu mythology">Mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_nationalism" title="Hindu nationalism">Nationalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindutva" title="Hindutva">Hindutva</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Hindus" title="Persecution of Hindus">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_pilgrimage_sites" title="Hindu pilgrimage sites">Pilgrimage sites</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_pilgrimage_sites_in_India" title="Hindu pilgrimage sites in India">India</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism_and_other_religions" title="Hinduism and other religions">Relations with other religions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith_and_Hinduism" title="Baháʼí Faith and Hinduism">Baháʼí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_and_Hinduism" title="Buddhism and Hinduism">Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu%E2%80%93Islamic_relations" title="Hindu–Islamic relations">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jainism_and_Hinduism" class="mw-redirect" title="Jainism and Hinduism">Jainism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism_and_Judaism" title="Hinduism and Judaism">Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism_and_Sikhism" title="Hinduism and Sikhism">Sikhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism_and_Theosophy" title="Hinduism and Theosophy">Theosophy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_Hinduism_terms" title="Glossary of Hinduism terms">Glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism_by_country" title="Hinduism by country">Hinduism by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_temples" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu temples">Hindu temples</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hindu_temples" title="List of Hindu temples">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_temple_architecture" title="Hindu temple architecture">Architecture</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background:#FFC569;;font-weight:bold;"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Outline"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/10px-Global_thinking.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/15px-Global_thinking.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/21px-Global_thinking.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Hinduism" title="Outline of Hinduism">Outline</a><br /> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Hinduism" title="Category:Hinduism">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Hinduism" title="Portal:Hinduism">Portal</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="WikiProject"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/24px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/32px-People_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Hinduism" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Hinduism">WikiProject</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Indian_independence_movement" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Indian_Independence_Movement" title="Template:Indian Independence Movement"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Indian_Independence_Movement" title="Template talk:Indian Independence Movement"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Indian_Independence_Movement" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Indian Independence Movement"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Indian_independence_movement" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Indian_independence_movement" title="Indian independence movement">Indian independence movement</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_India#Indian_independence_movement_(1885–1947)" title="History of India">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colonial_India" title="Colonial India">Colonisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_settlement_in_Chittagong" title="Portuguese settlement in Chittagong">Porto Grande de Bengala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Bengal" title="Dutch Bengal">Dutch Bengal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_India_Company" title="East India Company">East India Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British Raj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_India" title="French India">French India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_India" title="Portuguese India">Portuguese India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Plassey" title="Battle of Plassey">Battle of Plassey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Buxar" title="Battle of Buxar">Battle of Buxar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Mysore_Wars" title="Anglo-Mysore Wars">Anglo-Mysore Wars</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Anglo-Mysore_War" title="First Anglo-Mysore War">First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Anglo-Mysore_War" title="Second Anglo-Mysore War">Second</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Anglo-Mysore_War" title="Third Anglo-Mysore War">Third</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Anglo-Mysore_War" title="Fourth Anglo-Mysore War">Fourth</a></li></ul></li> <li>Anglo-Maratha Wars <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Anglo-Maratha_War" title="First Anglo-Maratha War">First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Anglo-Maratha_War" title="Second Anglo-Maratha War">Second</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Anglo-Maratha_War" title="Third Anglo-Maratha War">Third</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwalior_campaign" title="Gwalior campaign">Gwalior</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polygar_Wars" title="Polygar Wars">Polygar Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vellore_Mutiny" title="Vellore Mutiny">Vellore Mutiny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Anglo-Sikh_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First Anglo-Sikh War">First Anglo-Sikh War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Anglo-Sikh_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Anglo-Sikh War">Second Anglo-Sikh War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sannyasi_rebellion" title="Sannyasi rebellion">Sannyasi rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Rebellion_of_1857" title="Indian Rebellion of 1857">Rebellion of 1857</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radcliffe_Line" title="Radcliffe Line">Radcliffe Line</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Category:British_India" title="Category:British India">more</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Philosophies<br />and ideologies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B._R._Ambedkar" title="B. R. Ambedkar">Ambedkarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhism" title="Gandhism">Gandhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_nationalism" title="Hindu nationalism">Hindu nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_nationalism" title="Indian nationalism">Indian nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khilafat_Movement" title="Khilafat Movement">Khilafat Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_nationalism_in_South_Asia" title="Muslim nationalism in South Asia">Muslim nationalism in South Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyagraha" title="Satyagraha">Satyagraha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism_in_India" title="Socialism in India">Socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swadeshi_movement" title="Swadeshi movement">Swadeshi movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swaraj" title="Swaraj">Swaraj</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events and<br /> movements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Partition_of_Bengal_(1905)" title="Partition of Bengal (1905)">Partition of Bengal (1905)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partition_of_Bengal_(1947)" title="Partition of Bengal (1947)">Partition of Bengal (1947)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_movement_for_Indian_independence" title="Revolutionary movement for Indian independence">Revolutionaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_Action_Day" title="Direct Action Day">Direct Action Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi_conspiracy_case" title="Delhi conspiracy case">Delhi-Lahore Conspiracy</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Indian_Sociologist" title="The Indian Sociologist">The Indian Sociologist</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1915_Singapore_Mutiny" title="1915 Singapore Mutiny">Singapore Mutiny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu%E2%80%93German_Conspiracy" title="Hindu–German Conspiracy">Hindu–German Conspiracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champaran_Satyagraha" title="Champaran Satyagraha">Champaran Satyagraha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kheda_Satyagraha_of_1918" title="Kheda Satyagraha of 1918">Kheda Satyagraha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rowlatt_Committee" title="Rowlatt Committee">Rowlatt Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rowlatt_Act" title="Rowlatt Act">Rowlatt Bills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jallianwala_Bagh_massacre" title="Jallianwala Bagh massacre">Jallianwala Bagh massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noakhali_riots" title="Noakhali riots">Noakhali riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-cooperation_movement_(1919%E2%80%931922)" title="Non-cooperation movement (1919–1922)">Non-cooperation movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_Day_Plot" title="Christmas Day Plot">Christmas Day Plot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coolie-Begar_movement" title="Coolie-Begar movement">Coolie-Begar movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chauri_Chaura_incident" title="Chauri Chaura incident">Chauri Chaura incident, 1922</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kakori_conspiracy" title="Kakori conspiracy">Kakori conspiracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qissa_Khwani_massacre" title="Qissa Khwani massacre">Qissa Khwani massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_Satyagraha" title="Flag Satyagraha">Flag Satyagraha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bardoli_Satyagraha" title="Bardoli Satyagraha">Bardoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Commission" title="Simon Commission">1928 Protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nehru_Report" title="Nehru Report">Nehru Report</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourteen_Points_of_Jinnah" title="Fourteen Points of Jinnah">Fourteen Points of Jinnah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purna_Swaraj" title="Purna Swaraj">Purna Swaraj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salt_March" title="Salt March">Salt March</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharasana_Satyagraha" title="Dharasana Satyagraha">Dharasana Satyagraha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedaranyam_March" title="Vedaranyam March">Vedaranyam March</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chittagong_armoury_raid" title="Chittagong armoury raid">Chittagong armoury raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhi%E2%80%93Irwin_Pact" title="Gandhi–Irwin Pact">Gandhi–Irwin Pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Round_Table_Conferences_(India)" title="Round Table Conferences (India)">Round table conferences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_India_Act_1935" title="Government of India Act 1935">Act of 1935</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aundh_Experiment" title="Aundh Experiment">Aundh Experiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Legion" title="Indian Legion">Indian Legion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cripps_Mission" title="Cripps Mission">Cripps Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quit_India_Movement" title="Quit India Movement">Quit India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Indian_Navy_mutiny" title="Royal Indian Navy mutiny">Bombay Mutiny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force_strikes_of_1946" title="Royal Air Force strikes of 1946">Royal Air Force strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_of_Yanaon" title="Coup d'état of Yanaon">Coup d'état of Yanaon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provisional_Government_of_India" title="Provisional Government of India">Provisional Government of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_Day_(India)" title="Independence Day (India)">Independence Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_India_States_Peoples%27_Conference" class="mw-redirect" title="All India States Peoples' Conference">Praja Mandala movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucknow_Pact" title="Lucknow Pact">Lucknow Pact</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All_India_Kisan_Sabha" title="All India Kisan Sabha">All India Kisan Sabha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All-India_Muslim_League" title="All-India Muslim League">All-India Muslim League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anushilan_Samiti" title="Anushilan Samiti">Anushilan Samiti</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Arya Samaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azad_Hind" title="Azad Hind">Azad Hind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berlin_Committee" title="Berlin Committee">Berlin Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghadar_Movement" title="Ghadar Movement">Ghadar Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindustan_Socialist_Republican_Association" title="Hindustan Socialist Republican Association">Hindustan Socialist Republican Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Indian_National_Congress" title="History of the Indian National Congress">Indian National Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India_House" title="India House">India House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Home_Rule_movement" title="Indian Home Rule movement">Indian Home Rule movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Independence_League" title="Indian Independence League">Indian Independence League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Army" title="Indian National Army">Indian National Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jugantar" title="Jugantar">Jugantar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khaksar_movement" title="Khaksar movement">Khaksar movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khudai_Khidmatgar" title="Khudai Khidmatgar">Khudai Khidmatgar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swaraj_Party" title="Swaraj Party">Swaraj Party</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Category:Indian_independence_movement" title="Category:Indian independence movement">more</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Social<br />reformers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashfaqulla_Khan" title="Ashfaqulla Khan">Ashfaqulla Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._Vaidyanatha_Iyer" title="A. Vaidyanatha Iyer">A. Vaidyanatha Iyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayya_Vaikundar" title="Ayya Vaikundar">Ayya Vaikundar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayyankali" title="Ayyankali">Ayyankali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._R._Ambedkar" title="B. R. Ambedkar">B. R. Ambedkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baba_Amte" title="Baba Amte">Baba Amte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bal_Gangadhar_Tilak" title="Bal Gangadhar Tilak">Bal Gangadhar Tilak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayananda_Saraswati" title="Dayananda Saraswati">Dayananda Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhondo_Keshav_Karve" title="Dhondo Keshav Karve">Dhondo Keshav Karve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._Subramania_Iyer" title="G. Subramania Iyer">G. Subramania Iyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gazulu_Lakshminarasu_Chetty" title="Gazulu Lakshminarasu Chetty">Gazulu Lakshminarasu Chetty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gopal_Ganesh_Agarkar" title="Gopal Ganesh Agarkar">Gopal Ganesh Agarkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gopal_Hari_Deshmukh" title="Gopal Hari Deshmukh">Gopal Hari Deshmukh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gopaldas_Ambaidas_Desai" title="Gopaldas Ambaidas Desai">Gopaldas Ambaidas Desai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishwar_Chandra_Vidyasagar" title="Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar">Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._B._Kripalani" title="J. B. Kripalani">J. B. Kripalani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jyotirao_Phule" title="Jyotirao Phule">Jyotirao Phule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kandukuri_Veeresalingam" title="Kandukuri Veeresalingam">Kandukuri Veeresalingam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahadev_Govind_Ranade" title="Mahadev Govind Ranade">Mahadev Govind Ranade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mahatma Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muthulakshmi_Reddy" title="Muthulakshmi Reddy">Muthulakshmi Reddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narayana_Guru" title="Narayana Guru">Narayana Guru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niralamba_Swami" title="Niralamba Swami">Niralamba Swami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandita_Ramabai" title="Pandita Ramabai">Pandita Ramabai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Periyar" title="Periyar">Periyar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Mohan_Roy" class="mw-redirect" title="Ram Mohan Roy">Ram Mohan Roy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rettamalai_Srinivasan" title="Rettamalai Srinivasan">Rettamalai Srinivasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahajanand_Saraswati" title="Sahajanand Saraswati">Sahajanand Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savitribai_Phule" title="Savitribai Phule">Savitribai Phule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahu_of_Kolhapur" title="Shahu of Kolhapur">Shahu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sister_Nivedita" title="Sister Nivedita">Sister Nivedita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Aurobindo" title="Sri Aurobindo">Sri Aurobindo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syed_Ahmad_Khan" title="Syed Ahmad Khan">Syed Ahmad Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vakkom_Moulavi" title="Vakkom Moulavi">Vakkom Moulavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinayak_Damodar_Savarkar" title="Vinayak Damodar Savarkar">Vinayak Damodar Savarkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinoba_Bhave" title="Vinoba Bhave">Vinoba Bhave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitthal_Ramji_Shinde" title="Vitthal Ramji Shinde">Vitthal Ramji Shinde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Vivekananda" title="Swami Vivekananda">Vivekananda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Independence<br /> activists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abul_Kalam_Azad" class="mw-redirect" title="Abul Kalam Azad">Abul Kalam Azad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accamma_Cherian" title="Accamma Cherian">Accamma Cherian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achyut_Patwardhan" title="Achyut Patwardhan">Achyut Patwardhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._K._Fazlul_Huq" title="A. K. Fazlul Huq">A. K. Fazlul Huq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alluri_Sitarama_Raju" title="Alluri Sitarama Raju">Alluri Sitarama Raju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annapurna_Maharana" title="Annapurna Maharana">Annapurna Maharana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annie_Besant" title="Annie Besant">Annie Besant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashfaqulla_Khan" title="Ashfaqulla Khan">Ashfaqulla Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunwar_Singh" title="Kunwar Singh">Babu Kunwar Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagha_Jatin" title="Bagha Jatin">Bagha Jatin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahadur_Shah_Zafar" title="Bahadur Shah Zafar">Bahadur Shah II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bakht_Khan" title="Bakht Khan">Bakht Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bal_Gangadhar_Tilak" title="Bal Gangadhar Tilak">Bal Gangadhar Tilak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basawon_Singh" title="Basawon Singh">Basawon Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Begum_Hazrat_Mahal" title="Begum Hazrat Mahal">Begum Hazrat Mahal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhagat_Singh" title="Bhagat Singh">Bhagat Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharathidasan" title="Bharathidasan">Bharathidasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhavabhushan_Mitra" title="Bhavabhushan Mitra">Bhavabhushan Mitra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhikaiji_Cama" title="Bhikaiji Cama">Bhikaiji Cama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhupendra_Kumar_Datta" title="Bhupendra Kumar Datta">Bhupendra Kumar Datta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bidhan_Chandra_Roy" title="Bidhan Chandra Roy">Bidhan Chandra Roy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bipin_Chandra_Pal" title="Bipin Chandra Pal">Bipin Chandra Pal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._Rajagopalachari" title="C. Rajagopalachari">C. Rajagopalachari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandra_Shekhar_Azad" title="Chandra Shekhar Azad">Chandra Shekhar Azad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chetram_Jatav" title="Chetram Jatav">Chetram Jatav</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chittaranjan_Das" title="Chittaranjan Das">Chittaranjan Das</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dadabhai_Naoroji" title="Dadabhai Naoroji">Dadabhai Naoroji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayananda_Saraswati" title="Dayananda Saraswati">Dayananda Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhan_Singh" title="Dhan Singh">Dhan Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dukkipati_Nageswara_Rao" title="Dukkipati Nageswara Rao">Dukkipati Nageswara Rao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gopal_Krishna_Gokhale" title="Gopal Krishna Gokhale">Gopal Krishna Gokhale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Govind_Ballabh_Pant" title="Govind Ballabh Pant">Govind Ballabh Pant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Har_Dayal" title="Har Dayal">Har Dayal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemu_Kalani" title="Hemu Kalani">Hemu Kalani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inayatullah_Khan_Mashriqi" title="Inayatullah Khan Mashriqi">Inayatullah Khan Mashriqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jatindra_Mohan_Sengupta" title="Jatindra Mohan Sengupta">Jatindra Mohan Sengupta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jatindra_Nath_Das" title="Jatindra Nath Das">Jatindra Nath Das</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Jawaharlal Nehru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._Kamaraj" title="K. Kamaraj">K. Kamaraj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanaiyalal_Maneklal_Munshi" title="Kanaiyalal Maneklal Munshi">Kanaiyalal Maneklal Munshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Ghaffar_Khan" title="Abdul Ghaffar Khan">Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khudiram_Bose" title="Khudiram Bose">Khudiram Bose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shri_Krishna_Sinha" title="Shri Krishna Sinha">Shri Krishna Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lala_Lajpat_Rai" title="Lala Lajpat Rai">Lala Lajpat Rai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._Bhaktavatsalam" title="M. Bhaktavatsalam">M. Bhaktavatsalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._N._Roy" title="M. N. Roy">M. N. Roy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maghfoor_Ahmad_Ajazi" title="Maghfoor Ahmad Ajazi">Maghfoor Ahmad Ajazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahadaji_Shinde" title="Mahadaji Shinde">Mahadaji Shinde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mahatma Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangal_Pandey" title="Mangal Pandey">Mangal Pandey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mir_Qasim" title="Mir Qasim">Mir Qasim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mithuben_Petit" title="Mithuben Petit">Mithuben Petit‎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Ali_Jauhar" title="Mohammad Ali Jauhar">Mohammad Ali Jauhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ali_Jinnah" title="Muhammad Ali Jinnah">Muhammad Ali Jinnah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Mian_Mansoor_Ansari" title="Muhammad Mian Mansoor Ansari">Muhammad Mian Mansoor Ansari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagnath_Naikwadi" title="Nagnath Naikwadi">Nagnath Naikwadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nana_Fadnavis" title="Nana Fadnavis">Nana Fadnavis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nana_Saheb_Peshwa_II" title="Nana Saheb Peshwa II">Nana Saheb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._Kakkan" title="P. Kakkan">P. Kakkan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prafulla_Chaki" title="Prafulla Chaki">Prafulla Chaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pritilata_Waddedar" title="Pritilata Waddedar">Pritilata Waddedar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purushottam_Das_Tandon" title="Purushottam Das Tandon">Purushottam Das Tandon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafi_Ahmed_Kidwai" title="Rafi Ahmed Kidwai">Rafi Ahmed Kidwai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramaswamy_Venkataraman" title="Ramaswamy Venkataraman">R. Venkataraman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rahul_Sankrityayan" title="Rahul Sankrityayan">Rahul Sankrityayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajendra_Prasad" title="Rajendra Prasad">Rajendra Prasad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Prasad_Bismil" title="Ram Prasad Bismil">Ram Prasad Bismil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rani_of_Jhansi" title="Rani of Jhansi">Rani Lakshmibai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rash_Behari_Bose" title="Rash Behari Bose">Rash Behari Bose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahajanand_Saraswati" title="Sahajanand Saraswati">Sahajanand Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangolli_Rayanna" title="Sangolli Rayanna">Sangolli Rayanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarojini_Naidu" title="Sarojini Naidu">Sarojini Naidu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyapal_Dang" title="Satyapal Dang">Satyapal Dang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuja-ud-Daula" title="Shuja-ud-Daula">Shuja-ud-Daula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shyamji_Krishna_Varma" title="Shyamji Krishna Varma">Shyamji Krishna Varma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pir_of_Pagaro_VI" title="Pir of Pagaro VI">Sibghatullah Shah Rashidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siraj_ud-Daulah" class="mw-redirect" title="Siraj ud-Daulah">Siraj ud-Daulah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subhas_Chandra_Bose" title="Subhas Chandra Bose">Subhas Chandra Bose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subramania_Bharati" title="Subramania Bharati">Subramania Bharati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subramaniya_Siva" title="Subramaniya Siva">Subramaniya Siva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surya_Sen" title="Surya Sen">Surya Sen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syama_Prasad_Mukherjee" title="Syama Prasad Mukherjee">Syama Prasad Mukherjee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tara_Rani_Srivastava" title="Tara Rani Srivastava">Tara Rani Srivastava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarak_Nath_Das" title="Tarak Nath Das">Tarak Nath Das</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatya_Tope" title="Tatya Tope">Tatya Tope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiruppur_Kumaran" title="Tiruppur Kumaran">Tiruppur Kumaran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubaidullah_Sindhi" title="Ubaidullah Sindhi">Ubaidullah Sindhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V._O._Chidambaram_Pillai" title="V. O. Chidambaram Pillai">V. O. Chidamabaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V._K._Krishna_Menon" title="V. K. Krishna Menon">V. K. Krishna Menon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vallabhbhai_Patel" title="Vallabhbhai Patel">Vallabhbhai Patel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanchinathan" title="Vanchinathan">Vanchinathan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veeran_Sundaralingam" title="Veeran Sundaralingam">Veeran Sundaralingam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinayak_Damodar_Savarkar" title="Vinayak Damodar Savarkar">Vinayak Damodar Savarkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virendranath_Chattopadhyaya" title="Virendranath Chattopadhyaya">Virendranath Chattopadhyaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yashwantrao_Holkar" title="Yashwantrao Holkar">Yashwantrao Holkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yogendra_Shukla" title="Yogendra Shukla">Yogendra Shukla</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Category:Indian_independence_activists" title="Category:Indian independence activists">more</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">British leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archibald_Wavell,_1st_Earl_Wavell" title="Archibald Wavell, 1st Earl Wavell">Wavell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Canning,_1st_Earl_Canning" title="Charles Canning, 1st Earl Canning">Canning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Cornwallis,_1st_Marquess_Cornwallis" title="Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis">Cornwallis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Wood,_1st_Earl_of_Halifax" title="Edward Wood, 1st Earl of Halifax">Irwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederic_Thesiger,_1st_Viscount_Chelmsford" title="Frederic Thesiger, 1st Viscount Chelmsford">Chelmsford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Curzon,_1st_Marquess_Curzon_of_Kedleston" title="George Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston">Curzon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Robinson,_1st_Marquess_of_Ripon" title="George Robinson, 1st Marquess of Ripon">Ripon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound,_1st_Earl_of_Minto" title="Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 1st Earl of Minto">Minto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Broun-Ramsay,_1st_Marquess_of_Dalhousie" title="James Broun-Ramsay, 1st Marquess of Dalhousie">Dalhousie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_William_Bentinck" title="Lord William Bentinck">Bentinck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Mountbatten" title="Lord Mountbatten">Mountbatten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Wellesley,_1st_Marquess_Wellesley" title="Richard Wellesley, 1st Marquess Wellesley">Wellesley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bulwer-Lytton,_1st_Earl_of_Lytton" title="Robert Bulwer-Lytton, 1st Earl of Lytton">Lytton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Clive" title="Robert Clive">Clive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_James_Outram,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir James Outram, 1st Baronet">Outram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stafford_Cripps" title="Stafford Cripps">Cripps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Hope,_2nd_Marquess_of_Linlithgow" title="Victor Hope, 2nd Marquess of Linlithgow">Linlithgow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_Hastings" title="Warren Hastings">Hastings</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Independence</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1946_Cabinet_Mission_to_India" title="1946 Cabinet Mission to India">Cabinet Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_India" title="Constitution of India">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_India_(1947%E2%80%93present)" title="History of India (1947–present)">Republic of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Goa" title="Annexation of Goa">Indian annexation of Goa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Independence_Act_1947" title="Indian Independence Act 1947">Indian Independence Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partition_of_India" title="Partition of India">Partition of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_integration_of_India" title="Political integration of India">Political integration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simla_Conference" title="Simla Conference">Simla Conference</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q717798#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div 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