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Agricultural Robots and Drones 2022-2032: Technologies, Markets & Players: IDTechEx
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"> <meta property="og:type" content="book" > <meta property="og:title" content="Agricultural Robots and Drones 2022-2032: Technologies, Markets & Players" > <meta property="og:description" content="As agricultural labour becomes increasingly costly and scarce, something exacerbated by the COVID-19 crisis, attention is increasingly turning towards robotics as a key component of agricultural production. This report from IDTechEx provides a technical and commercial analysis of the growing market for agricultural robotics, considering both the key application areas and enabling technologies underpinning the industry. The report also provides ten-year application-based and regional market forecasts for the future of the agricultural robotics industry. 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This report from IDTechEx provides a technical and commercial analysis of the growing market for agricultural robotics, considering both the key application areas and enabling technologies underpinning the industry. The report also provides ten-year application-based and regional market forecasts for the future of the agricultural robotics industry. 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Agriculture & Mining Machines</a> <a href="/en/research-report/direct-lithium-extraction-2025-2035-technologies-players-markets-and-forecasts/1026" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Direct Lithium Extraction</a> <a href="/en/research-report/fire-protection-materials-for-ev-batteries-2024-2034-markets-trends-and-forecasts/988" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Fire Protection Materials for EV Batteries</a> <a href="/en/research-report/flexible-batteries-market-2025-2035-technologies-forecasts-and-players/1018" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Flexible Batteries Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/li-ion-batteries-and-battery-management-systems-for-electric-vehicles-2024-2034/957" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Li-ion Batteries and Battery Management Systems for Electric Vehicles</a> <a href="/en/research-report/li-ion-battery-market-2025-2035-technologies-players-applications-outlooks-and-forecasts/1027" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Li-ion Battery Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/li-ion-battery-recycling-market-2023-2043/939" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Li-ion Battery Recycling Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/long-duration-energy-storage-market-2024-2044-technologies-players-forecasts/983" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Long Duration Energy Storage Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/redox-flow-batteries-market-2024-2034-forecasts-technologies-markets/963" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Redox Flow Batteries Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/scenario-forecasting-spreadsheet-materials-for-electric-vehicle-battery-cells-and-packs/803" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Scenario Forecasting Spreadsheet</a> <a href="/en/research-report/second-life-electric-vehicle-batteries-2023-2033/924" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Second-life Electric Vehicle Batteries</a> <a href="/en/research-report/silicon-anode-battery-technologies-and-markets-2025-2035-players-technologies-applications-markets-forecasts/1052" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Silicon Anode Battery Technologies and Markets</a> <a href="/en/research-report/sodium-ion-batteries-2024-2034-technology-players-markets-and-forecasts/978" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Sodium-ion Batteries</a> <a href="/en/research-report/solid-state-and-polymer-batteries-2023-2033-technology-forecasts-players/917" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Solid-State and Polymer Batteries</a> <a href="/en/research-report/thermal-energy-storage-2024-2034-technologies-players-markets-and-forecasts/1001" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Thermal Energy Storage</a> <a href="/en/reports/batteries-and-energy-storage/8" class="colour- colour-webtopic8 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">See all reports on the topic</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="collapse collapse-mod report-menu row mx-0" id="webtopic2_menu"> <div class="col px-0" style="margin-left:3px;"> <div class="list-group mr-0 pb-2"> <a href="/en/reports/electric-vehicles/2" class="colour- colour-webtopic2 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod-top-left list-group-item-action btn-sm">Electric Vehicles</a> <a href="/en/research/future-mobility-subscription" class="list-group-item-secondary list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller border-top"><span class="font-weight-light">Subscription</span><br><span class="font-weight-bold">Future Mobility Subscription</span></a> <a href="/en/research-report/electric-vehicles-land-sea-and-air-2024-2044/962" class="list-group-item-secondary list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller border-top"><span class="font-weight-light">Overview Report</span><br><span class="font-weight-bold">Electric Vehicles</span></a> <a href="/en/research-report/electric-car-sales-models-and-technologies-database/824" class="list-group-item-secondary list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller border-top"><span class="font-weight-light">Data & Tools</span><br><span class="font-weight-bold">Electric Car Sales, Models & Technologies Database</span></a> <a href="/en/research-report/air-taxis-electric-vertical-take-off-and-landing-evtol-aircraft-2024-2044-technologies-players/998" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Air Taxis</a> <a href="/en/research-report/autonomous-trucks-2024-2044-technologies-trends-forecasts/1016" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Autonomous Trucks</a> <a href="/en/research-report/autonomous-vehicles-market-2025-2045-robotaxis-autonomous-cars-sensors/1045" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Autonomous Vehicles Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/battery-electric-and-hydrogen-fuel-cell-trains-2023-2043/930" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Battery Electric & Hydrogen Fuel Cell Trains</a> <a href="/en/research-report/battery-markets-in-construction-agriculture-and-mining-machines-2024-2034/1008" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Battery Markets in Construction, Agriculture & Mining Machines</a> <a href="/en/research-report/battery-swapping-for-electric-vehicles-2022-2032-technology-players-and-forecasts/868" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Battery Swapping for Electric Vehicles</a> <a href="/en/research-report/charging-infrastructure-for-electric-vehicles-and-fleets-2025-2035-markets-technologies-and-forecasts/1035" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Charging Infrastructure for Electric Vehicles and Fleets</a> <a href="/en/research-report/copper-demand-for-cars-2024-2034-trends-utilization-forecasts/973" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Copper Demand for Cars</a> <a href="/en/research-report/electric-and-fuel-cell-buses-2025-2045-markets-players-technologies-and-forecasts/1012" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Electric and Fuel Cell Buses</a> <a href="/en/research-report/electric-and-fuel-cell-trucks-2024-2044-markets-technologies-and-forecasts/971" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Electric and Fuel Cell Trucks</a> <a href="/en/research-report/electric-boats-and-ships-2024-2044/948" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Electric Boats & Ships</a> <a href="/en/research-report/electric-light-commercial-vehicles-2025-2045-markets-players-forecasts/1048" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Electric Light Commercial Vehicles</a> <a href="/en/research-report/electric-motors-for-electric-vehicles-2025-2035-technologies-materials-markets-and-forecasts/1031" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles</a> <a href="/en/research-report/electric-vehicles-in-construction-2024-2044-technologies-players-forecasts/1022" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Electric Vehicles in Construction</a> <a href="/en/research-report/electric-vehicles-in-india-2021-2041/793" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Electric Vehicles in India</a> <a href="/en/research-report/electric-vehicles-in-mining-2024-2044-technologies-players-and-forecasts/994" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Electric Vehicles in Mining</a> <a href="/en/research-report/electric-hybrid-and-fuel-cell-light-commercial-vehicles-2021-2041/783" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Electric, Hybrid & Fuel Cell Light Commercial Vehicles</a> <a href="/en/reports/electric-vehicles/2" class="colour- colour-webtopic2 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod-bottom-left list-group-item-action btn-sm"></a> </div> </div> <div class="col px-0" style="margin-left:2px; margin-right:2px;"> <div class="list-group mr-0 pb-2"> <a href="/en/reports/electric-vehicles/2" class="colour- colour-webtopic2 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod-top-right list-group-item-action btn-sm"></a> <a href="/en/research-report/fire-protection-materials-for-ev-batteries-2024-2034-markets-trends-and-forecasts/988" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Fire Protection Materials for EV Batteries</a> <a href="/en/research-report/fuel-cell-boats-and-ships-2023-2033-pemfc-sofc-hydrogen-ammonia-lng/907" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Fuel Cell Boats & Ships</a> <a href="/en/research-report/fuel-cell-electric-vehicles-2024-2044-markets-technologies-and-forecasts/977" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles</a> <a href="/en/research-report/future-automotive-technologies-2024-2034-applications-megatrends-forecasts/979" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Future Automotive Technologies</a> <a href="/en/research-report/heads-up-displays-2024-2034-technologies-players-opportunities/991" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Heads-up Displays</a> <a href="/en/research-report/high-voltage-hybrid-cars-buses-and-trucks-2021-2041/788" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">High Voltage Hybrid Cars, Buses and Trucks</a> <a href="/en/research-report/li-ion-batteries-and-battery-management-systems-for-electric-vehicles-2024-2034/957" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Li-ion Batteries and Battery Management Systems for Electric Vehicles</a> <a href="/en/research-report/li-ion-battery-market-2025-2035-technologies-players-applications-outlooks-and-forecasts/1027" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Li-ion Battery Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/materials-for-electric-vehicle-battery-cells-and-packs-2023-2033/936" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Materials for Electric Vehicle Battery Cells and Packs</a> <a href="/en/research-report/micro-evs-2023-2043-electric-two-wheelers-three-wheelers-and-microcars/915" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Micro EVs</a> <a href="/en/research-report/off-grid-charging-for-electric-vehicles-2024-2034-technologies-benchmarking-players-and-forecasts/997" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Off-Grid Charging For Electric Vehicles</a> <a href="/en/research-report/plug-in-hybrid-and-battery-electric-cars-2025-2045-technologies-players-regulations-market-forecasts/1043" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Plug-in Hybrid and Battery Electric Cars</a> <a href="/en/research-report/power-electronics-for-electric-vehicles-2025-2035-technologies-markets-and-forecasts/1014" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Power Electronics for Electric Vehicles</a> <a href="/en/research-report/roboshuttles-and-autonomous-buses-2024-2044-technologies-trends-forecasts/1020" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Roboshuttles and Autonomous Buses</a> <a href="/en/research-report/scenario-forecasting-spreadsheet-materials-for-electric-vehicle-battery-cells-and-packs/803" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Scenario Forecasting Spreadsheet</a> <a href="/en/research-report/semiconductors-for-autonomous-and-electric-vehicles-2023-2033/921" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Semiconductors for Autonomous and Electric Vehicles</a> <a href="/en/research-report/silicon-anode-battery-technologies-and-markets-2025-2035-players-technologies-applications-markets-forecasts/1052" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Silicon Anode Battery Technologies and Markets</a> <a href="/en/research-report/sustainable-future-aviation-2025-2045-trends-technologies-forecasts/1033" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Sustainable Future Aviation</a> <a href="/en/research-report/thermal-interface-materials-2024-2034-technologies-markets-and-forecasts/1011" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Thermal Interface Materials</a> <a href="/en/research-report/thermal-management-for-electric-vehicles-2025-2035-materials-markets-and-technologies/1015" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Thermal Management for Electric Vehicles</a> <a href="/en/research-report/thermal-management-for-ev-power-electronics-2024-2034-forecasts-technologies-markets-and-trends/1000" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Thermal Management for EV Power Electronics</a> <a href="/en/research-report/wireless-charging-market-for-electric-vehicles-2023-2033-technology-players-and-forecasts/896" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Wireless Charging Market for Electric Vehicles</a> <a href="/en/reports/electric-vehicles/2" class="colour- colour-webtopic2 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod-bottom-right list-group-item-action btn-sm">See all reports on the topic</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="collapse collapse-mod report-menu row mx-0" id="webtopic115_menu"> <div class="col-6 px-0" style="margin-left:3px;"> <div class="list-group mr-0 pb-2"> <a href="/en/reports/energy-and-decarbonization/115" class="colour- colour-webtopic115 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">Energy & Decarbonization</a> <a href="/en/research/energy-market-intelligence-subscription" class="list-group-item-secondary list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller border-top"><span class="font-weight-light">Subscription</span><br><span class="font-weight-bold">Energy Research Subscription</span></a> <a href="/en/research-report/blue-hydrogen-production-and-markets-2023-2033-technologies-forecasts-players/922" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Blue Hydrogen Production and Markets</a> <a href="/en/research-report/carbon-capture-utilization-and-storage-ccus-markets-2025-2045-technologies-market-forecasts-and-players/1017" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS) Markets</a> <a href="/en/research-report/carbon-dioxide-removal-cdr-2024-2044-technologies-players-carbon-credit-markets-and-forecasts/1007" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR)</a> <a href="/en/research-report/carbon-dioxide-utilization-2025-2045-technologies-market-forecasts-and-players/1028" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Carbon Dioxide Utilization</a> <a href="/en/research-report/decarbonization-of-cement-2025-2035-technologies-market-forecasts-and-players/1050" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Decarbonization of Cement</a> <a href="/en/research-report/green-hydrogen-production-and-electrolyzer-market-2024-2034-technologies-players-forecasts/992" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Green Hydrogen Production & Electrolyzer Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/hydrogen-economy-2023-2033-production-storage-distribution-and-applications/946" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Hydrogen Economy</a> <a href="/en/research-report/hydrogen-internal-combustion-engines-2025-2045-applications-technologies-market-status-and-forecasts/1030" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engines</a> <a href="/en/research-report/materials-for-green-hydrogen-production-2024-2034-technologies-players-forecasts/970" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Materials for Green Hydrogen Production</a> <a href="/en/research-report/materials-for-pem-fuel-cells-2024-2034-technologies-markets-players/987" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Materials for PEM Fuel Cells</a> <a href="/en/research-report/nuclear-small-modular-reactors-smrs-2023-2043/934" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Nuclear Small Modular Reactors (SMRs)</a> <a href="/en/research-report/perovskite-photovoltaics-2023-2033/872" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Perovskite Photovoltaics</a> <a href="/en/research-report/stationary-fuel-cell-markets-2025-2035-technologies-players-and-forecasts/1037" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Stationary Fuel Cell Markets</a> <a href="/en/research-report/sustainable-biofuels-and-e-fuels-market-2025-2035-technologies-players-forecasts/1039" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Sustainable Biofuels & E-Fuels Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/thermal-energy-storage-2024-2034-technologies-players-markets-and-forecasts/1001" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Thermal Energy Storage</a> <a href="/en/research-report/thin-film-and-flexible-photovoltaics-2023-2033/885" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Thin Film & Flexible Photovoltaics</a> <a href="/en/reports/energy-and-decarbonization/115" class="colour- colour-webtopic115 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">See all reports on the topic</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="collapse collapse-mod report-menu row mx-0" id="webtopic118_menu"> <div class="col-6 px-0" style="margin-left:3px;"> <div class="list-group mr-0 pb-2"> <a href="/en/reports/food-and-agtech/118" class="colour- colour-webtopic118 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">Food & AgTech</a> <a href="/en/research-report/agricultural-robots-and-drones-2022-2032-technologies-markets-and-players/837" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Agricultural Robots and Drones</a> <a href="/en/research-report/biostimulants-and-biopesticides-2021-2031-technologies-markets-and-forecasts/773" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Biostimulants and Biopesticides</a> <a href="/en/research-report/cultured-meat-2023-2043/913" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Cultured Meat</a> <a href="/en/research-report/genetic-engineering-in-agriculture-2021-2031/750" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Genetic Engineering in Agriculture</a> <a href="/en/research-report/pfas-treatment-2025-2035-technologies-regulations-players-applications/1040" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">PFAS Treatment</a> <a href="/en/research-report/plant-based-meat-2021-2031/823" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Plant-Based Meat</a> <a href="/en/research-report/vertical-farming-2022-2032/871" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Vertical Farming</a> <a href="/en/reports/food-and-agtech/118" class="colour- colour-webtopic118 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">See all reports on the topic</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="collapse collapse-mod report-menu row mx-0" id="webtopic110_menu"> <div class="col-6 px-0" style="margin-left:3px;"> <div class="list-group mr-0 pb-2"> <a href="/en/reports/healthcare/110" class="colour- colour-webtopic110 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">Healthcare</a> <a href="/en/research-report/advanced-wound-care-technologies-2020-2030/682" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Advanced Wound Care Technologies</a> <a href="/en/research-report/ai-in-drug-discovery-2021-players-technologies-and-applications/818" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">AI in Drug Discovery 2021</a> <a href="/en/research-report/ai-in-medical-diagnostics-2020-2030-image-recognition-players-clinical-applications-forecasts/766" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">AI in Medical Diagnostics</a> <a href="/en/research-report/antiviral-and-antimicrobial-technology-market-2023-2033/942" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Antiviral and Antimicrobial Technology Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/biosensors-for-point-of-care-diagnostics-2022-2032-technology-opportunities-players-and-forecasts/863" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Biosensors for Point-of-Care Diagnostics</a> <a href="/en/research-report/diabetes-management-technologies-2022-2032-markets-players-and-forecasts/862" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Diabetes Management Technologies</a> <a href="/en/research-report/digital-health-and-artificial-intelligence-2024-2034-trends-opportunities-and-outlook/985" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Digital Health and Artificial Intelligence</a> <a href="/en/research-report/dna-sequencing-2023-2033-technologies-markets-and-forecasts/887" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">DNA Sequencing</a> <a href="/en/research-report/electronic-skin-patches-2023-2033/900" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Electronic Skin Patches</a> <a href="/en/research-report/flexible-electronics-in-healthcare-2020-2030/731" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Flexible Electronics in Healthcare</a> <a href="/en/research-report/remote-patient-monitoring-2023-2033-technologies-markets-and-opportunities/890" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Remote Patient Monitoring</a> <a href="/en/research-report/skin-sensors-2020-2030-technologies-markets-players-forecasts/752" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Skin Sensors</a> <a href="/en/reports/healthcare/110" class="colour- colour-webtopic110 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">See all reports on the topic</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="collapse collapse-mod report-menu row mx-0" id="webtopic124_menu"> <div class="col-6 px-0" style="margin-left:3px;"> <div class="list-group mr-0 pb-2"> <a href="/en/reports/hydrogen/124" class="colour- colour-webtopic124 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">Hydrogen</a> <a href="/en/research-report/battery-electric-and-hydrogen-fuel-cell-trains-2023-2043/930" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Battery Electric & Hydrogen Fuel Cell Trains</a> <a href="/en/research-report/blue-hydrogen-production-and-markets-2023-2033-technologies-forecasts-players/922" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Blue Hydrogen Production and Markets</a> <a href="/en/research-report/electric-and-fuel-cell-trucks-2024-2044-markets-technologies-and-forecasts/971" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Electric and Fuel Cell Trucks</a> <a href="/en/research-report/fuel-cell-electric-vehicles-2024-2044-markets-technologies-and-forecasts/977" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles</a> <a href="/en/research-report/green-hydrogen-production-and-electrolyzer-market-2024-2034-technologies-players-forecasts/992" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Green Hydrogen Production & Electrolyzer Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/hydrogen-economy-2023-2033-production-storage-distribution-and-applications/946" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Hydrogen Economy</a> <a href="/en/research-report/hydrogen-internal-combustion-engines-2025-2045-applications-technologies-market-status-and-forecasts/1030" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engines</a> <a href="/en/research-report/long-duration-energy-storage-market-2024-2044-technologies-players-forecasts/983" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Long Duration Energy Storage Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/materials-for-green-hydrogen-production-2024-2034-technologies-players-forecasts/970" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Materials for Green Hydrogen Production</a> <a href="/en/research-report/materials-for-pem-fuel-cells-2024-2034-technologies-markets-players/987" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Materials for PEM Fuel Cells</a> <a href="/en/research-report/off-grid-charging-for-electric-vehicles-2024-2034-technologies-benchmarking-players-and-forecasts/997" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Off-Grid Charging For Electric Vehicles</a> <a href="/en/research-report/per-and-polyfluoroalkyl-substances-pfas-2024-emerging-applications-alternatives-regulations/999" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) 2024</a> <a href="/en/research-report/stationary-fuel-cell-markets-2025-2035-technologies-players-and-forecasts/1037" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Stationary Fuel Cell Markets</a> <a href="/en/research-report/sustainable-future-aviation-2025-2045-trends-technologies-forecasts/1033" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Sustainable Future Aviation</a> <a href="/en/reports/hydrogen/124" class="colour- colour-webtopic124 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">See all reports on the topic</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="collapse collapse-mod report-menu row mx-0" id="webtopic116_menu"> <div class="col-6 px-0" style="margin-left:3px;"> <div class="list-group mr-0 pb-2"> <a href="/en/reports/photonics/116" class="colour- colour-webtopic116 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">Photonics</a> <a href="/en/research-report/advanced-semiconductor-packaging-2025-2035-forecasts-technologies-applications/1042" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Advanced Semiconductor Packaging</a> <a href="/en/research-report/automotive-displays-2024-2034-technologies-players-opportunities/958" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Automotive Displays</a> <a href="/en/research-report/heads-up-displays-2024-2034-technologies-players-opportunities/991" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Heads-up Displays</a> <a href="/en/research-report/lidar-2024-2034-technologies-players-markets-and-forecasts/995" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Lidar</a> <a href="/en/research-report/metamaterials-markets-2024-2034-optical-and-radio-frequency/1010" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Metamaterials Markets</a> <a href="/en/research-report/micro-led-displays-2024-2034-technology-commercialization-opportunity-market-and-players/968" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Micro-LED Displays</a> <a href="/en/research-report/silicon-photonics-and-photonic-integrated-circuits-2024-2034-market-technologies-and-forecasts/1006" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Silicon Photonics and Photonic Integrated Circuits</a> <a href="/en/reports/photonics/116" class="colour- colour-webtopic116 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">See all reports on the topic</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="collapse collapse-mod report-menu row mx-0" id="webtopic1_menu"> <div class="col-6 px-0" style="margin-left:3px;"> <div class="list-group mr-0 pb-2"> <a href="/en/reports/printed-and-flexible-electronics/1" class="colour- colour-webtopic1 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">Printed & Flexible Electronics</a> <a href="/en/research-report/flexible-and-printed-electronics-2023-2033-forecasts-technologies-markets/943" class="list-group-item-secondary list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller border-top"><span class="font-weight-light">Overview Report</span><br><span class="font-weight-bold">Flexible & Printed Electronics</span></a> <a href="/en/research-report/3d-electronics-additive-electronics-2024-2034-technologies-players-and-markets/1003" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">3D Electronics/Additive Electronics</a> <a href="/en/research-report/conductive-inks-market-2024-2034-technologies-applications-players/1013" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Conductive Inks Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/electronic-skin-patches-2023-2033/900" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Electronic Skin Patches</a> <a href="/en/research-report/flexible-batteries-market-2025-2035-technologies-forecasts-and-players/1018" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Flexible Batteries Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/flexible-electronics-in-healthcare-2020-2030/731" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Flexible Electronics in Healthcare</a> <a href="/en/research-report/flexible-hybrid-electronics-2024-2034/950" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Flexible Hybrid Electronics</a> <a href="/en/research-report/in-mold-electronics-2023-2033/919" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">In-Mold Electronics</a> <a href="/en/research-report/manufacturing-printed-electronics-2023-2033/916" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Manufacturing Printed Electronics</a> <a href="/en/research-report/materials-for-printed-flexible-electronics-2021-2031-technologies-applications-market-forecasts/785" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Materials for Printed/Flexible Electronics</a> <a href="/en/research-report/printed-and-flexible-electronics-for-automotive-applications-2021-2031-technologies-and-markets/806" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Printed and Flexible Electronics for Automotive Applications</a> <a href="/en/research-report/printed-and-flexible-sensors-2024-2034-technologies-players-markets/993" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Printed and Flexible Sensors</a> <a href="/en/research-report/smart-packaging-2023-2033/931" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Smart Packaging</a> <a href="/en/research-report/stretchable-and-conformal-electronics-2019-2029/636" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Stretchable and Conformal Electronics</a> <a href="/en/reports/printed-and-flexible-electronics/1" class="colour- colour-webtopic1 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">See all reports on the topic</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="collapse collapse-mod report-menu row mx-0" id="webtopic122_menu"> <div class="col-6 px-0" style="margin-left:3px;"> <div class="list-group mr-0 pb-2"> <a href="/en/reports/quantum-technologies/122" class="colour- colour-webtopic122 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">Quantum Technologies</a> <a href="/en/research-report/quantum-communication-market-2024-2034-technology-trends-players-forecasts/984" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Quantum Communication Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/quantum-computing-market-2024-2044-technology-trends-players-forecasts/996" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Quantum Computing Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/quantum-sensors-market-2024-2044/951" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Quantum Sensors Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/quantum-technology-market-2024-2034-trends-players-forecasts/1005" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Quantum Technology Market</a> <a href="/en/reports/quantum-technologies/122" class="colour- colour-webtopic122 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">See all reports on the topic</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="collapse collapse-mod report-menu row mx-0" id="webtopic99_menu"> <div class="col-6 px-0" style="margin-left:3px;"> <div class="list-group mr-0 pb-2"> <a href="/en/reports/robotics-and-autonomy/99" class="colour- colour-webtopic99 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">Robotics & Autonomy</a> <a href="/en/research-report/agricultural-robots-and-drones-2022-2032-technologies-markets-and-players/837" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Agricultural Robots and Drones</a> <a href="/en/research-report/automotive-radar-2024-2044-forecasts-technologies-applications/966" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Automotive Radar</a> <a href="/en/research-report/autonomous-trucks-2024-2044-technologies-trends-forecasts/1016" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Autonomous Trucks</a> <a href="/en/research-report/autonomous-vehicles-market-2025-2045-robotaxis-autonomous-cars-sensors/1045" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Autonomous Vehicles Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/collaborative-robots-2025-2045-technologies-players-and-markets/1046" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Collaborative Robots</a> <a href="/en/research-report/drone-market-and-industries-2021-2041/787" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Drone Market and Industries</a> <a href="/en/research-report/future-automotive-technologies-2024-2034-applications-megatrends-forecasts/979" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Future Automotive Technologies</a> <a href="/en/research-report/infrared-ir-cameras-for-automotive-2025-2035-technologies-opportunities-forecasts/1029" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Infrared (IR) Cameras for Automotive</a> <a href="/en/research-report/lidar-2024-2034-technologies-players-markets-and-forecasts/995" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Lidar</a> <a href="/en/research-report/mobile-robotics-in-logistics-warehousing-and-delivery-2024-2044/960" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Mobile Robotics in Logistics, Warehousing and Delivery</a> <a href="/en/research-report/quantum-communication-market-2024-2034-technology-trends-players-forecasts/984" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Quantum Communication Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/roboshuttles-and-autonomous-buses-2024-2044-technologies-trends-forecasts/1020" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Roboshuttles and Autonomous Buses</a> <a href="/en/research-report/sensors-for-robotics-2023-2043-technologies-markets-and-forecasts/908" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Sensors for Robotics</a> <a href="/en/research-report/service-robots-2022-2032-technologies-players-and-markets/864" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Service Robots</a> <a href="/en/research-report/software-defined-vehicles-connected-cars-and-ai-in-cars-2024-2034-markets-trends-and-forecasts/974" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Software-Defined Vehicles, Connected Cars, and AI in Cars</a> <a href="/en/research-report/thermal-management-for-advanced-driver-assistance-systems-adas-2023-2033/875" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Thermal Management for Advanced Driver-Assistance Systems (ADAS)</a> <a href="/en/reports/robotics-and-autonomy/99" class="colour- colour-webtopic99 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">See all reports on the topic</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="collapse collapse-mod report-menu row mx-0" id="webtopic121_menu"> <div class="col-6 px-0" style="margin-left:3px;"> <div class="list-group mr-0 pb-2"> <a href="/en/reports/semiconductors-computing-and-ai/121" class="colour- colour-webtopic121 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">Semiconductors, Computing & AI</a> <a href="/en/research-report/advanced-semiconductor-packaging-2025-2035-forecasts-technologies-applications/1042" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Advanced Semiconductor Packaging</a> <a href="/en/research-report/ai-chips-2023-2033/937" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">AI Chips</a> <a href="/en/research-report/ai-chips-for-edge-applications-2024-2034-artificial-intelligence-at-the-edge/956" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">AI Chips for Edge Applications</a> <a href="/en/research-report/ai-in-drug-discovery-2021-players-technologies-and-applications/818" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">AI in Drug Discovery 2021</a> <a href="/en/research-report/ai-in-medical-diagnostics-2020-2030-image-recognition-players-clinical-applications-forecasts/766" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">AI in Medical Diagnostics</a> <a href="/en/research-report/antenna-in-package-aip-for-5g-and-6g-2024-2034-technologies-trends-markets/989" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Antenna in Package (AiP) for 5G and 6G</a> <a href="/en/research-report/automotive-radar-2024-2044-forecasts-technologies-applications/966" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Automotive Radar</a> <a href="/en/research-report/chiplet-technology-2025-2035-technology-opportunities-applications/1041" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Chiplet Technology</a> <a href="/en/research-report/co-packaged-optics-cpo-2025-2035-technologies-market-and-forecasts/1019" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Co-Packaged Optics (CPO)</a> <a href="/en/research-report/electrically-conductive-adhesives-2022-2032-technologies-markets-and-forecasts/830" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Electrically Conductive Adhesives</a> <a href="/en/research-report/flexible-hybrid-electronics-2024-2034/950" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Flexible Hybrid Electronics</a> <a href="/en/research-report/materials-and-processing-for-advanced-semiconductor-packaging-2025-2035-technologies-players-forecasts/1044" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Materials and Processing for Advanced Semiconductor Packaging</a> <a href="/en/research-report/materials-informatics-2024-2034-markets-strategies-players/990" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Materials Informatics</a> <a href="/en/research-report/quantum-communication-market-2024-2034-technology-trends-players-forecasts/984" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Quantum Communication Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/quantum-computing-market-2024-2044-technology-trends-players-forecasts/996" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Quantum Computing Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/quantum-technology-market-2024-2034-trends-players-forecasts/1005" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Quantum Technology Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/semiconductors-for-autonomous-and-electric-vehicles-2023-2033/921" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Semiconductors for Autonomous and Electric Vehicles</a> <a href="/en/research-report/silicon-photonics-and-photonic-integrated-circuits-2024-2034-market-technologies-and-forecasts/1006" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Silicon Photonics and Photonic Integrated Circuits</a> <a href="/en/research-report/thermal-management-for-5g-2022-2032/857" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Thermal Management for 5G</a> <a href="/en/research-report/thermal-management-for-data-centers-2025-2035-technologies-markets-and-opportunities/1036" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Thermal Management for Data Centers</a> <a href="/en/research-report/thermal-management-for-ev-power-electronics-2024-2034-forecasts-technologies-markets-and-trends/1000" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Thermal Management for EV Power Electronics</a> <a href="/en/reports/semiconductors-computing-and-ai/121" class="colour- colour-webtopic121 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">See all reports on the topic</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="collapse collapse-mod report-menu row mx-0" id="webtopic95_menu"> <div class="col-6 px-0" style="margin-left:3px;"> <div class="list-group mr-0 pb-2"> <a href="/en/reports/sensors-haptics-and-displays/95" class="colour- colour-webtopic95 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">Sensors, Haptics & Displays</a> <a href="/en/research-report/automotive-radar-2024-2044-forecasts-technologies-applications/966" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Automotive Radar</a> <a href="/en/research-report/brain-computer-interfaces-2025-2045-technologies-players-forecasts/1024" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Brain Computer Interfaces</a> <a href="/en/research-report/displays-for-virtual-augmented-and-mixed-reality-2024-2034-forecasts-technologies-markets/955" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Displays for Virtual, Augmented and Mixed Reality</a> <a href="/en/research-report/emerging-image-sensor-technologies-2024-2034-applications-and-markets/965" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Emerging Image Sensor Technologies</a> <a href="/en/research-report/environmental-gas-sensor-market-2024-2034-technology-trends-forecasts-players/964" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Environmental Gas Sensor Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/haptics-2025-2035-technologies-markets-players/1034" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Haptics</a> <a href="/en/research-report/heads-up-displays-2024-2034-technologies-players-opportunities/991" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Heads-up Displays</a> <a href="/en/research-report/in-cabin-sensing-2024-2034-technologies-opportunities-and-markets/972" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">In-Cabin Sensing</a> <a href="/en/research-report/infrared-ir-cameras-for-automotive-2025-2035-technologies-opportunities-forecasts/1029" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Infrared (IR) Cameras for Automotive</a> <a href="/en/research-report/lidar-2024-2034-technologies-players-markets-and-forecasts/995" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Lidar</a> <a href="/en/research-report/micro-led-displays-2024-2034-technology-commercialization-opportunity-market-and-players/968" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Micro-LED Displays</a> <a href="/en/research-report/printed-and-flexible-sensors-2024-2034-technologies-players-markets/993" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Printed and Flexible Sensors</a> <a href="/en/research-report/quantum-sensors-market-2024-2044/951" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Quantum Sensors Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/quantum-technology-market-2024-2034-trends-players-forecasts/1005" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Quantum Technology Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/sensor-market-2025-2035-technologies-trends-players-forecasts/1038" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Sensor Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/sensors-for-robotics-2023-2043-technologies-markets-and-forecasts/908" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Sensors for Robotics</a> <a href="/en/research-report/skin-sensors-2020-2030-technologies-markets-players-forecasts/752" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Skin Sensors</a> <a href="/en/research-report/thermal-management-for-advanced-driver-assistance-systems-adas-2023-2033/875" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Thermal Management for Advanced Driver-Assistance Systems (ADAS)</a> <a href="/en/research-report/wearable-sensors-market-2025-2035-technologies-trends-players-forecasts/1051" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Wearable Sensors Market</a> <a href="/en/reports/sensors-haptics-and-displays/95" class="colour- colour-webtopic95 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">See all reports on the topic</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="collapse collapse-mod report-menu row mx-0" id="webtopic120_menu"> <div class="col-6 px-0" style="margin-left:3px;"> <div class="list-group mr-0 pb-2"> <a href="/en/reports/sustainability/120" class="colour- colour-webtopic120 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">Sustainability</a> <a href="/en/research-report/bioplastics-2025-2035-technology-market-players-and-forecasts/1032" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Bioplastics</a> <a href="/en/research-report/carbon-capture-utilization-and-storage-ccus-markets-2025-2045-technologies-market-forecasts-and-players/1017" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS) Markets</a> <a href="/en/research-report/carbon-dioxide-removal-cdr-2024-2044-technologies-players-carbon-credit-markets-and-forecasts/1007" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR)</a> <a href="/en/research-report/carbon-dioxide-utilization-2025-2045-technologies-market-forecasts-and-players/1028" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Carbon Dioxide Utilization</a> <a href="/en/research-report/chemical-recycling-and-dissolution-of-plastics-2024-2034-technologies-players-markets-forecasts/1009" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Chemical Recycling and Dissolution of Plastics</a> <a href="/en/research-report/cultured-meat-2023-2043/913" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Cultured Meat</a> <a href="/en/research-report/decarbonization-of-cement-2025-2035-technologies-market-forecasts-and-players/1050" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Decarbonization of Cement</a> <a href="/en/research-report/emerging-alternative-leathers-2024-2034-technologies-trends-players/980" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Emerging Alternative Leathers</a> <a href="/en/research-report/per-and-polyfluoroalkyl-substances-pfas-2024-emerging-applications-alternatives-regulations/999" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) 2024</a> <a href="/en/research-report/pfas-treatment-2025-2035-technologies-regulations-players-applications/1040" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">PFAS Treatment</a> <a href="/en/research-report/second-life-electric-vehicle-batteries-2023-2033/924" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Second-life Electric Vehicle Batteries</a> <a href="/en/research-report/sustainable-biofuels-and-e-fuels-market-2025-2035-technologies-players-forecasts/1039" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Sustainable Biofuels & E-Fuels Market</a> <a href="/en/research-report/sustainable-electronics-manufacturing-2023-2033/902" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Sustainable Electronics Manufacturing</a> <a href="/en/research-report/sustainable-packaging-market-2023-2033/929" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Sustainable Packaging Market</a> <a href="/en/reports/sustainability/120" class="colour- colour-webtopic120 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">See all reports on the topic</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="collapse collapse-mod report-menu row mx-0" id="webtopic123_menu"> <div class="col-6 px-0" style="margin-left:3px;"> <div class="list-group mr-0 pb-2"> <a href="/en/reports/thermal-management/123" class="colour- colour-webtopic123 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">Thermal Management</a> <a href="/en/research-report/fire-protection-materials-for-ev-batteries-2024-2034-markets-trends-and-forecasts/988" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Fire Protection Materials for EV Batteries</a> <a href="/en/research-report/thermal-interface-materials-2024-2034-technologies-markets-and-forecasts/1011" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Thermal Interface Materials</a> <a href="/en/research-report/thermal-management-for-5g-2022-2032/857" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Thermal Management for 5G</a> <a href="/en/research-report/thermal-management-for-advanced-driver-assistance-systems-adas-2023-2033/875" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Thermal Management for Advanced Driver-Assistance Systems (ADAS)</a> <a href="/en/research-report/thermal-management-for-data-centers-2025-2035-technologies-markets-and-opportunities/1036" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Thermal Management for Data Centers</a> <a href="/en/research-report/thermal-management-for-electric-vehicles-2025-2035-materials-markets-and-technologies/1015" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Thermal Management for Electric Vehicles</a> <a href="/en/research-report/thermal-management-for-ev-power-electronics-2024-2034-forecasts-technologies-markets-and-trends/1000" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Thermal Management for EV Power Electronics</a> <a href="/en/reports/thermal-management/123" class="colour- colour-webtopic123 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">See all reports on the topic</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="collapse collapse-mod report-menu row mx-0" id="webtopic52_menu"> <div class="col-6 px-0" style="margin-left:3px;"> <div class="list-group mr-0 pb-2"> <a href="/en/reports/wearable-technology/52" class="colour- colour-webtopic52 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">Wearable Technology</a> <a href="/en/research-report/wearable-technology-forecasts-2023-2033/928" class="list-group-item-secondary list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller border-top"><span class="font-weight-light">Overview Report</span><br><span class="font-weight-bold">Wearable Technology Forecasts</span></a> <a href="/en/research-report/advanced-wound-care-technologies-2020-2030/682" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Advanced Wound Care Technologies</a> <a href="/en/research-report/brain-computer-interfaces-2025-2045-technologies-players-forecasts/1024" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Brain Computer Interfaces</a> <a href="/en/research-report/digital-health-and-artificial-intelligence-2024-2034-trends-opportunities-and-outlook/985" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Digital Health and Artificial Intelligence</a> <a href="/en/research-report/displays-for-virtual-augmented-and-mixed-reality-2024-2034-forecasts-technologies-markets/955" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Displays for Virtual, Augmented and Mixed Reality</a> <a href="/en/research-report/e-textiles-and-smart-clothing-markets-2023-2033-technologies-players-and-applications/925" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">E-Textiles and Smart Clothing Markets</a> <a href="/en/research-report/electronic-skin-patches-2023-2033/900" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Electronic Skin Patches</a> <a href="/en/research-report/optics-for-virtual-augmented-and-mixed-reality-2024-2034-technologies-players-and-markets/969" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Optics for Virtual, Augmented and Mixed Reality</a> <a href="/en/research-report/virtual-reality-and-augmented-reality-headsets-2023-2033-technologies-players-and-markets/889" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller">Virtual Reality & Augmented Reality Headsets</a> <a href="/en/research-report/wearable-sensors-market-2025-2035-technologies-trends-players-forecasts/1051" class="list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm pl-2 fs-smaller bg-stripe">Wearable Sensors Market</a> <a href="/en/reports/wearable-technology/52" class="colour- colour-webtopic52 text-white list-group-item list-group-item-mod list-group-item-action btn-sm">See all reports on the topic</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <section class="content maincontent"> <div class="contentholder"> <div class="container-fluid"> <div id="lhs" class="lhscontainer"> <nav><ul class="nav navlhs"><li class="nochildren"><a href="/en/reports/3d-printing/47">3D Printing</a></li><li class="nochildren"><a href="/en/reports/5g-6g-rfid-and-telecoms/9">5G, 6G, RFID & Telecoms</a></li><li class="nochildren"><a href="/en/reports/advanced-materials-and-critical-minerals/77">Advanced Materials & Critical Minerals</a></li><li class="nochildren"><a href="/en/reports/electric-vehicles/2">Electric Vehicles</a></li><li class="nochildren"><a href="/en/reports/energy-and-decarbonization/115">Energy & Decarbonization</a></li><li class="nochildren"><a href="/en/reports/energy-storage/8">Batteries & Energy Storage</a></li><li class="nochildren"><a href="/en/reports/food-and-agtech/118">Food & AgTech</a></li><li class="nochildren"><a href="/en/reports/healthcare/110">Healthcare</a></li><li class="nochildren"><a href="/en/reports/photonics/116">Photonics</a></li><li class="nochildren"><a href="/en/reports/printed-and-flexible-electronics/1">Printed & Flexible Electronics</a></li><li class="nochildren"><a href="/en/reports/robotics-and-autonomy/99">Robotics & Autonomy</a></li><li class="nochildren"><a href="/en/reports/semiconductors-computing-and-ai/121">Semiconductors, Computing & AI</a></li><li class="nochildren"><a href="/en/reports/sensors-and-haptics/95">Sensors & Haptics</a></li><li class="nochildren"><a href="/en/reports/sustainability/120">Sustainability</a></li><li class="nochildren"><a href="/en/reports/wearable-technology/52">Wearable Technology</a></li></ul></nav> </div> <div class="widemain"> <div class="pre-title"></div> <nav><div class="breadcrumb-v6"><a href="/">Home</a><a href="/en/research-reports">Research Reports</a><a href="/en/research-report/agricultural-robots-and-drones-2022-2032-technologies-markets-and-players/837">Agricultural Robots and Drones 2022-2032: Technologies, Markets & Players</a></div></nav> <div id="report-main" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/CreativeWork"> <div class="promostat" itemprop="headline"> The global market for agricultural robotics will reach $7.88 billion by 2032 </div><img src="//idtxs3.imgix.net/si/40000/9B/38.png?w=1066&h=600&fit=crop&crop=faces,entropy&q=50&fm=pjpg" alt="Agricultural Robots and Drones 2022-2032: Technologies, Markets & Players" align="left" class="mainlogo" itemprop="image"><h1 class="std" itemprop="name" id="page-title">Agricultural Robots and Drones 2022-2032: Technologies, Markets & Players</h1> <h2 class="booksubtitle" itemprop="alternativeHeadline">A technological and market evaluation of the agricultural robotics industry including weeding robots, seeding robots, autonomous tractors, robotic implement carriers, robotic harvesting, agricultural drones, and milking robots</h2> <div style="display:none;" class="sectionsellingpoint"></div> <div class="sectionauthors">By <a rel="author" href="https://www.idtechex.com/en/team/yulin-wang/2782">Yulin Wang</a></div> <div role="alert" aria-live="assertive" aria-atomic="true" 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data-show="contents">Contents, Table & Figures List</span> <span class="pricing" data-show="orderinfo">Pricing</span> <span class="d-none" data-show="relatedcontent">Related Content</span></div> <div class="report-description"> <div class="blanksectionheading pagesection"></div> <div class="sectioncontent"><div>As agricultural labour becomes increasingly costly and scarce, something exacerbated by the COVID-19 crisis, attention is increasingly turning towards robotics as a key component of agricultural production.</div><div> </div><div>This report from IDTechEx provides a technical and commercial analysis of the growing market for agricultural robotics, considering both the key application areas and enabling technologies underpinning the industry. The report also provides ten-year application-based and regional market forecasts for the future of the agricultural robotics industry.</div><div> </div><div>Agricultural robotics are increasingly attracting interest as a potential solution to the sustainability and labour issues facing global agriculture. In recent years, agricultural labour has steadily become costlier and scarcer, particularly following the border closures and worker travel restrictions in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, further squeezing farmers' margins and threatening food security across the world.</div><div> </div><div>Automation could help mitigate this. Over the last decade, advances in robotics technology and artificial intelligence (AI) have made the use of farming robots an increasingly viable option. Across the world, a range of start-ups and established companies are working to develop robotic solutions for a number of agricultural tasks, including weeding, seeding, and harvesting.</div><div> </div><div>Agricultural Robots and Drones 2022-2032, a report from IDTechEx, provides a comprehensive overview of agricultural robotics, focusing on the key application areas of agricultural robotics, the enabling technologies that are underpinning the growth of the industry, and the market factors that will shape the future of the field. The report also provides a ten-year market forecast for the future of the agricultural robotics industry, broken down by regional market share and by application area, predicting that the global agricultural robotics market will be worth $6.7 billion by 2032.</div><div> </div><div>The IDTechEx report divides the global agricultural robotics industry into eight key application areas: weeding robots, seeding robots, autonomous tractors, autonomous implement carriers and platform robots, robotic harvesting, agricultural drones, milking robots, and other applications of agricultural robots. Key enabling technologies considered include RTK-GPS, LiDAR, artificial intelligence (AI), hyperspectral imaging, end effector technology, and precision spraying technology.</div><div> </div><div><span class="sectionbold">Key questions answered in this report</span></div><ul><li>What are the sustainability and labour issues facing global agriculture?</li><li>What is agricultural robotics?</li><li>What are the key application areas of agricultural robotics?</li><li>What are the main technological hurdles facing the agricultural robotics industry?</li><li>Who are the main players in the field?</li><li>What are the key business model considerations in developing agricultural robots?</li><li>How will the global agricultural robotics market evolve over the next decade?</li></ul></div> <div class="clr"></div> <div class="blanksectionheading pagesection"></div> <div class="sectioncontent"><div><span class="sectionbold">Agricultural robotics: a growing industry enabled by emerging technologies</span></div><div>The day-to-day operation of a farm involves a range of repetitive, time-consuming, and dangerous tasks that could be well suited to automation using robotics. Automation is already widespread in some of these tasks. Robotic milking, for example, is already a billion-dollar industry with a significant percentage of farms in Europe using a form of robotic milking. Agricultural drones are also beginning to find widespread application in imaging and spraying, although regulations continue to limit their usage across much of the world and autonomy of tasks remains somewhat limited. Nevertheless, the market for agricultural drones is expected to show strong growth over much of the next decade.</div><div> </div><div>Other applications are still emerging. Field robots for tasks such as weeding and seeding are entering the early stages of commercialisation. Compared with milking robots, which are stationary robots that generally operate indoors, developing autonomous field robots presents several technical challenges that have historically limited progress. Agricultural environments often feature unpredictable terrain, unknown obstacles, and a range of weather conditions that can impair autonomous navigation and operation and limit reliability. Additionally, agricultural regions are often in highly rural areas, where connectivity and access to repair and maintenance services can be limited.</div><div> </div><div>Despite this, progress is being made and advances in artificial intelligence (AI), computer vision, and positioning technologies have brought field robots closer than ever to commercialisation. Start-ups such as Naïo Technologies, ecoRobotix, and TerraClear have begun commercialising robots for a diverse range of agricultural tasks, while major equipment providers such as John Deere, AGCO, and Kubota have developed autonomous tractor concepts. The Fendt MARS project provided a glimpse into the future of farm robots, using a swarm of small, autonomous robots to carry out tasks usually performed by manned tractors, with the company using the results of this project to develop its Xaver line of agricultural robots. Looking further into the future, companies such as Octinion, Harvest CROO, and FFRobotics are developing robots for harvesting fresh fruit, something that currently involves costly and difficult-to-source labour but is very difficult to replace using robots, requiring a careful balance of computer vision, accurate positioning, and soft-grip technology.</div><div> </div><div><div align="center"><img src="//idtxs3.imgix.net/si/40000/89/F6.png?w=1509&q=50&px=16&fm=png" data-src="//idtxs3.imgix.net/si/40000/89/F6.png?w=1509&q=50" class="lazyload mediaimg imgzmr" data-imgzmr-url="//cdn.idtechex.com/si/40000/89/F6.png" width="1509"></div></div><div><i> The rise of agricultural robotics is leading to new value chains emerging.</i></div><div> </div><div>The growth of the agricultural robotics industry has also led to debate around the best business models, particularly around robotics-as-a-service (RaaS) versus traditional equipment sale. In a robotics-as-a-service model, robots are hired by farms, alongside trained operators, vs. traditional machine/equipment sales. This can help de-risk the operation for farmers, avoiding the need to meet high upfront costs or develop expertise in the technology before deployment. However, it also requires a team of trained operators, which can prevent developers from operating in new geographies and limit scalability. There are also questions around the issue of data ownership and whether data belongs to farmers, data collectors, technology providers, or landowners. Regulations around this have not yet caught up with the pace of technology development and this is a key uncertainty over the future of the agricultural robotics industry.</div><div> </div><div>Developments over the next few years are set to play a pivotal role in the progress of the agricultural robotics industry. Agricultural Robots and Drones 2022-2032, a report from IDTechEx, explores all of these issues, analysing both the technological and market factors that will shape the future of the emerging industry around farming robots, providing ten-year market forecasts broken down by region and application area.</div></div> <div class="clr"></div> <div class="blanksectionheading pagesection"></div> <div class="sectioncontent"><div><style type="text/css"> .tg {border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0;} .tg td{border-color:black;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;font-family:Arial, sans-serif;font-size:14px; overflow:hidden;padding:10px 5px;word-break:normal;} .tg th{border-color:black;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;font-family:Arial, sans-serif;font-size:14px; font-weight:normal;overflow:hidden;padding:10px 5px;word-break:normal;} .tg .tg-5vg5{background-color:#162667;color:#ffffff;font-weight:bold;text-align:left;vertical-align:top} .tg .tg-5j8e{background-color:#375ca0;color:#ffffff;font-weight:bold;text-align:left;vertical-align:top} .tg .tg-0lax{text-align:left;vertical-align:top} </style> <table class="tg"> <thead> <tr> <th class="tg-5vg5">Report Metrics</th> <th class="tg-5vg5">Details</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td class="tg-5j8e">CAGR</td> <td class="tg-0lax">The global market for agricultural robotics will reach $7.88 billion by 2032. This represents a CAGR is 13.09% compared with 2022.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="tg-5j8e">Forecast Period</td> <td class="tg-0lax">2022-2032</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="tg-5j8e">Forecast Units</td> <td class="tg-0lax">Millions of US dollars</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="tg-5j8e">Segments Covered</td> <td class="tg-0lax">Weeding robots, seeding robots, autonomous tractors, robotic implement carriers and platform robots, robotic harvesting, agricultural drones, milking robots</td> </tr> </tbody> </table></div></div> <div class="clr"></div> <div class="sectionheading">Analyst access from IDTechEx</div> <div class="sectioncontent"> <div>All report purchases include up to 30 minutes telephone time with an expert analyst who will help you link key findings in the report to the business issues you're addressing. 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style="color:white !important;background-color:#577cbb !important"><span>Download Sample Pages<span></a> </div> </div> </div> <div style="padding:10px 0px;"></div> </div> <div class="report-contents"> <div class="sectionheading"><a name="toc"></a>Table of Contents</div> <table style="margin-left:10px"> <tr><td class="tocsection1">1.</td><td class="tocname1">EXECUTIVE SUMMARY</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">1.1.1.</td><td class="tocname3">What are agricultural robots?</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">1.1.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Current uses of agricultural robots</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">1.1.3.</td><td class="tocname3">Potential uses of agricultural robots</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">1.1.4.</td><td class="tocname3">Agriculture has historically been slow to digitise</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">1.1.5.</td><td class="tocname3">This is beginning to change: companies developing digital and robotic solutions for agriculture</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">1.1.6.</td><td class="tocname3">The state of agricultural robotics</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">1.1.7.</td><td class="tocname3">Agricultural robotics: drivers and restraints</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">1.1.8.</td><td class="tocname3">The trend towards precision agriculture</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">1.1.9.</td><td class="tocname3">Applications of agricultural robotics</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">1.1.10.</td><td class="tocname3">Application areas by technology readiness</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">1.1.11.</td><td class="tocname3">Technology progression towards autonomous, ultra precision de-weeding</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">1.1.12.</td><td class="tocname3">Variable rate technology for precision seed planting</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">1.1.13.</td><td class="tocname3">Technology progression towards driverless autonomous large-sized tractors</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">1.1.14.</td><td class="tocname3">Small autonomous robots vs. tractors</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">1.1.15.</td><td class="tocname3">Drones are becoming increasingly autonomous</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">1.1.16.</td><td class="tocname3">Where do drones fit in on a farm?</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">1.1.17.</td><td class="tocname3">Robotic milking: a blueprint for the wider agricultural robotics industry?</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">1.1.18.</td><td class="tocname3">Which crop sectors will see agricultural robots first?</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">1.1.19.</td><td class="tocname3">Agricultural robotics and precision agriculture could lead to a new value chain emerging</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">1.1.20.</td><td class="tocname3">Development in agricultural robotics remains slow</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">1.1.21.</td><td class="tocname3">Agricultural robotics, market forecast by robot category</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">1.1.22.</td><td class="tocname3">Agricultural robotics, market forecast by region</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection1">2.</td><td class="tocname1">INTRODUCTION</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">2.1.</td><td class="tocname2">Challenges facing 21st century agriculture: productivity and labour issues</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">2.1.1.</td><td class="tocname3">21st century agriculture is facing major challenges</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">2.1.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Employment in agriculture is declining</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">2.1.3.</td><td class="tocname3">As wealth increases, employment in agriculture decreases but agricultural productivity increases</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">2.1.4.</td><td class="tocname3">Agricultural labour shortages</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">2.1.5.</td><td class="tocname3">Agricultural labour costs are rising</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">2.1.6.</td><td class="tocname3">Falling agricultural prices are tightening margins</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">2.1.7.</td><td class="tocname3">Is agricultural automation part of the solution?</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">2.2.</td><td class="tocname2">Challenges facing 21st century agriculture: agrochemicals</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">2.2.1.</td><td class="tocname3">The environmental impact of fertilizers</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">2.2.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Global pesticide use</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">2.2.3.</td><td class="tocname3">Trends in global pesticide use</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">2.2.4.</td><td class="tocname3">Regulations around pesticides are getting harsher</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">2.2.5.</td><td class="tocname3">The environmental impact of pesticides</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">2.2.6.</td><td class="tocname3">Agrochemicals are getting more expensive to develop</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">2.2.7.</td><td class="tocname3">Roundup lawsuits: a potential blow for herbicides</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">2.2.8.</td><td class="tocname3">Pesticide resistance</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">2.2.9.</td><td class="tocname3">Is a precision agriculture approach part of the solution?</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">2.2.10.</td><td class="tocname3">The trend towards precision agriculture</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">2.3.</td><td class="tocname2">Agricultural robotics</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">2.3.1.</td><td class="tocname3">What are agricultural robots?</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">2.3.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Current uses of agricultural robots</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">2.3.3.</td><td class="tocname3">Potential uses of agricultural robots</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">2.3.4.</td><td class="tocname3">Agriculture has historically been slow to digitise</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">2.3.5.</td><td class="tocname3">This is beginning to change: companies developing digital and robotic solutions for agriculture</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">2.3.6.</td><td class="tocname3">Robotics: replacing or complementing human labour?</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">2.3.7.</td><td class="tocname3">The state of agricultural robotics</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">2.3.8.</td><td class="tocname3">The impact of COVID-19 on agriculture</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">2.3.9.</td><td class="tocname3">Developing agricultural robots: more challenging than other industries?</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">2.3.10.</td><td class="tocname3">Agricultural robotics: drivers and restraints</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">2.3.11.</td><td class="tocname3">Levels of autonomy</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">2.3.12.</td><td class="tocname3">Is full autonomy possible?</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">2.3.13.</td><td class="tocname3">Autonomous sensor technologies</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">2.3.14.</td><td class="tocname3">Satellite positioning</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">2.3.15.</td><td class="tocname3">Electric vs non-electric agricultural robots</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">2.3.16.</td><td class="tocname3">How large is the average farm?</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection1">3.</td><td class="tocname1">AGRICULTURAL ROBOTICS: KEY APPLICATION AREAS</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.1.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Applications of agricultural robotics</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.1.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Application areas by technology readiness</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.2.</td><td class="tocname2">Weed and pest control</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.2.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Most commercial field robots are used for weeding</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.2.2.</td><td class="tocname3">From manned, broadcast spraying towards autonomous precision weeding</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.2.3.</td><td class="tocname3">Technology progression towards autonomous, ultra precision de-weeding</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.2.4.</td><td class="tocname3">Oz by Naïo Technologies</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.2.5.</td><td class="tocname3">Dino by Naïo Technologies</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.2.6.</td><td class="tocname3">Autonomous weeding robots by Vitirover</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.2.7.</td><td class="tocname3">Anatis by Carré</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.2.8.</td><td class="tocname3">Challenges in robotic weeding</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.2.9.</td><td class="tocname3">A comparison of different weeding methods</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.2.10.</td><td class="tocname3">"Smart weeding" vs. traditional weeding</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.2.11.</td><td class="tocname3">GEN-2 by Ekobot</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.2.12.</td><td class="tocname3">Weed Whacker by Odd.Bot</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.2.13.</td><td class="tocname3">Titan FT-35 by Roush and FarmWise</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.2.14.</td><td class="tocname3">Robot One by Pixelfarming Robotics</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.2.15.</td><td class="tocname3">Precision spraying</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.2.16.</td><td class="tocname3">"Green-on-green" vs. "green-on-brown"</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.2.17.</td><td class="tocname3">John Deere's acquisition of Blue River Technology</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.2.18.</td><td class="tocname3">Blue River Technology (John Deere): "See and Spray"</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.2.19.</td><td class="tocname3">Avo by ecoRobotix</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.2.20.</td><td class="tocname3">Arbus 4000 JAV by Jacto</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.2.21.</td><td class="tocname3">AX-1 by Kilter</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.2.22.</td><td class="tocname3">Novel methods for weed removal</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.2.23.</td><td class="tocname3">Dick by Small Robot Company</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.2.24.</td><td class="tocname3">Robotic pest control: beyond weeds</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.2.25.</td><td class="tocname3">Bug Vacuum by Agrobot</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.3.</td><td class="tocname2">Robotic seeding</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.3.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Automating seeding</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.3.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Variable rate technology for precision seed planting</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.3.3.</td><td class="tocname3">FD20 by FarmDroid</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.3.4.</td><td class="tocname3">Genesis by FarmBot</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.4.</td><td class="tocname2">Fully autonomous tractors</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.4.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Small robots or big tractors?</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.4.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Technology progression towards driverless autonomous large-sized tractors</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.4.3.</td><td class="tocname3">Tractor guidance and autosteer technology for large tractors</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.4.4.</td><td class="tocname3">Tractor autosteer - a first step towards autonomy</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.4.5.</td><td class="tocname3">Semi-autonomous "follow-me" tractors</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.4.6.</td><td class="tocname3">EOX-175 by H2Trac</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.4.7.</td><td class="tocname3">Fully autonomous driverless tractors</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.4.8.</td><td class="tocname3">Autonomous tractor concepts developed by the major tractor companies</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.4.9.</td><td class="tocname3">When will fully autonomous tractors be ready?</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.4.10.</td><td class="tocname3">Monarch Tractor</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.4.11.</td><td class="tocname3">eTrac by Farmertronics</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.4.12.</td><td class="tocname3">AgBot by AgXeed</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.4.13.</td><td class="tocname3">Full automation of existing tractors</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.5.</td><td class="tocname2">Autonomous implement carriers and platform robots</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.5.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Small autonomous robots vs. tractors</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.5.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Land Care Robot by Directed Machines</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.5.3.</td><td class="tocname3">RoamIO by Korechi</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.5.4.</td><td class="tocname3">SwarmBot 5 by SwarmFarm Robotics</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.5.5.</td><td class="tocname3">Custom or standard implements?</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.5.6.</td><td class="tocname3">Dot by Raven Industries</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.5.7.</td><td class="tocname3">Robotti 150D by Agrointelli</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.5.8.</td><td class="tocname3">Over-the-row vineyard robots</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.5.9.</td><td class="tocname3">Bakus by VitiBot</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.5.10.</td><td class="tocname3">Ted by Naïo Technologies</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.5.11.</td><td class="tocname3">Trektor by SITIA</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.5.12.</td><td class="tocname3">A comparison of over-the-row vineyard robots</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.5.13.</td><td class="tocname3">Agricultural sprayer by Hubei Sense Intelligence Technology Co.</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.5.14.</td><td class="tocname3">A vision of the future? The Fendt MARS project</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.6.</td><td class="tocname2">Robotic fresh fruit and vegetable harvesting</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.6.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Row crop and non-fresh fruit harvesting is largely mechanised</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.6.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Fresh fruit picking remains largely manual</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.6.3.</td><td class="tocname3">Strawberries and apples: the most popular targets</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.6.4.</td><td class="tocname3">Robotic harvesting: apples</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.6.5.</td><td class="tocname3">FFRobot apple harvester by FFRobotics</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.6.6.</td><td class="tocname3">Robotic harvesting: strawberries</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.6.7.</td><td class="tocname3">A comparison of strawberry harvesting robot developers</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.6.8.</td><td class="tocname3">Strawberry picking robots in advanced development</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.6.9.</td><td class="tocname3">Harvester B7 by Harvest CROO Robotics</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.6.10.</td><td class="tocname3">Rubion by Octinion</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.6.11.</td><td class="tocname3">Robotic harvesting: asparagus</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.6.12.</td><td class="tocname3">Robotic asparagus harvesting projects</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.6.13.</td><td class="tocname3">Sparter by Cerescon</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.6.14.</td><td class="tocname3">Robotic harvesting in development for other crops</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.6.15.</td><td class="tocname3">Challenges in developing fruit picking robots</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.7.</td><td class="tocname2">Agricultural drones</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.7.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Drones: application pipeline</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.7.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Agricultural drones</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.7.3.</td><td class="tocname3">Commercially available agricultural drones</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.7.4.</td><td class="tocname3">Agricultural drones: key considerations</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.7.5.</td><td class="tocname3">Aerial imaging in farming</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.7.6.</td><td class="tocname3">Drones vs. satellites vs. aeroplanes</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.7.7.</td><td class="tocname3">Where does drone spraying have regulatory approval?</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.7.8.</td><td class="tocname3">Commercially available spraying drones</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.7.9.</td><td class="tocname3">Drones are becoming increasingly autonomous</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.7.10.</td><td class="tocname3">Agricultural drones: company landscape</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.7.11.</td><td class="tocname3">Potential software opportunities in agricultural drones</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.7.12.</td><td class="tocname3">Where do drones fit in on a farm?</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.7.13.</td><td class="tocname3">Fruit picking drones by Tevel Aerobotics Technologies</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.7.14.</td><td class="tocname3">CropHopper by HayBeeSee</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.8.</td><td class="tocname2">Milking robots and other robotic dairy farming</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.8.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Global trends and averages for dairy farm sizes</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.8.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Global number and distribution of dairy cows by territory</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.8.3.</td><td class="tocname3">Robotic (automatic) milking</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.8.4.</td><td class="tocname3">Robotic milking is becoming increasingly widespread</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.8.5.</td><td class="tocname3">Robotic milking: a blueprint for the wider agricultural robotics industry?</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.8.6.</td><td class="tocname3">Robotic milking: advantages and disadvantages</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.8.7.</td><td class="tocname3">Robotic milking: key players</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.8.8.</td><td class="tocname3">Robotic feed pushers</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">3.9.</td><td class="tocname2">Other applications</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.9.1.</td><td class="tocname3">PothaFacile by Pietro Rivi</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.9.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Tom by Small Robot Company</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">3.9.3.</td><td class="tocname3">Rock Picker by TerraClear</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection1">4.</td><td class="tocname1">ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">4.1.</td><td class="tocname2">Positioning technologies: RTK-GPS, LiDAR, and others</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.1.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Navigation for autonomous agricultural robots</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.1.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Navigation in agricultural environments</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.1.3.</td><td class="tocname3">The challenge of safe positioning</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.1.4.</td><td class="tocname3">Position accuracy vs. position integrity</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.1.5.</td><td class="tocname3">Achieving safe positioning</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.1.6.</td><td class="tocname3">Fixposition AG</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.1.7.</td><td class="tocname3">Agreenculture</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.1.8.</td><td class="tocname3">GPS as a tool for navigation</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.1.9.</td><td class="tocname3">RTK systems: operation, performance and value chain</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.1.10.</td><td class="tocname3">RTK systems for use in agriculture: value chain</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.1.11.</td><td class="tocname3">Challenges of RTK-GPS</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.1.12.</td><td class="tocname3">LiDAR</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.1.13.</td><td class="tocname3">LiDAR, Radar, camera & ultrasonic sensors: comparison</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.1.14.</td><td class="tocname3">Time of flight (TOF) LiDAR: Spatial Data Analysis</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.1.15.</td><td class="tocname3">Performance comparison of different LiDARs on the market or in development</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.1.16.</td><td class="tocname3">Assessing the suitability of different LiDAR for agricultural robotic applications</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">4.2.</td><td class="tocname2">Hyperspectral imaging</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.2.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Introduction to hyperspectral imaging</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.2.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Multiple methods to acquire a hyperspectral data-cube</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.2.3.</td><td class="tocname3">Line-scan hyperspectral camera design</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.2.4.</td><td class="tocname3">Snapshot hyperspectral imaging</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.2.5.</td><td class="tocname3">Illumination for hyperspectral imaging</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.2.6.</td><td class="tocname3">Hyperspectral imaging as a development of multispectral imaging</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.2.7.</td><td class="tocname3">Trade-offs between hyperspectral and multispectral imaging</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.2.8.</td><td class="tocname3">Hyperspectral imaging and precision agriculture</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.2.9.</td><td class="tocname3">Hyperspectral imaging from UAVs (drones)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.2.10.</td><td class="tocname3">Satellite imaging with hyperspectral cameras</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.2.11.</td><td class="tocname3">Gamaya: Hyperspectral imaging for agricultural analysis</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.2.12.</td><td class="tocname3">Supplier overview: Hyperspectral imaging</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">4.3.</td><td class="tocname2">Artificial intelligence (AI)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.3.1.</td><td class="tocname3">What is Artificial Intelligence?</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.3.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Key AI methods</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.3.3.</td><td class="tocname3">Main deep learning (DL) approaches</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.3.4.</td><td class="tocname3">DL makes automated image recognition possible</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.3.5.</td><td class="tocname3">Image recognition AI is based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs)</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.3.6.</td><td class="tocname3">Workings of CNNs: How are images processed?</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.3.7.</td><td class="tocname3">Workings of CNNs: An additional example</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.3.8.</td><td class="tocname3">Potential applications of machine learning in agriculture</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.3.9.</td><td class="tocname3">AI for weed recognition</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.3.10.</td><td class="tocname3">The challenge of image analysis</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.3.11.</td><td class="tocname3">Deepening the neural network to increase accuracy</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.3.12.</td><td class="tocname3">Deep learning: how accurate is "accurate enough"?</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.3.13.</td><td class="tocname3">AI in agricultural robotics case study - ecoRobotix: deep learning for crop and weed recognition</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.3.14.</td><td class="tocname3">AI in agricultural robotics case study - ecoRobotix: autonomous mobility</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">4.4.</td><td class="tocname2">End effectors and gripper technology</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.4.1.</td><td class="tocname3">End effector technology for fruit harvesting</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.4.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Designing a harvesting end effector</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.4.3.</td><td class="tocname3">End effectors for apple harvesting</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.4.4.</td><td class="tocname3">End effectors for tomato harvesting</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.4.5.</td><td class="tocname3">End effectors for cucumber harvesting</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.4.6.</td><td class="tocname3">End effectors for pepper (capsicum) harvesting</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">4.5.</td><td class="tocname2">Precision spraying technology</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.5.1.</td><td class="tocname3">What is precision spraying?</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.5.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Methods of spray control</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">4.5.3.</td><td class="tocname3">Pulse width modulation (PWM) spraying</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection1">5.</td><td class="tocname1">MARKET FACTORS</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">5.1.</td><td class="tocname2">Market factors and business model considerations</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.1.1.</td><td class="tocname3">Which crop sectors will see agricultural robots first?</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.1.2.</td><td class="tocname3">Agricultural robotics and precision agriculture could lead to a new value chain emerging</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.1.3.</td><td class="tocname3">Development in agricultural robotics remains slow</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.1.4.</td><td class="tocname3">Revenues of major agricultural equipment suppliers</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.1.5.</td><td class="tocname3">Robotics-as-a-service (RaaS) vs. equipment sales</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.1.6.</td><td class="tocname3">Developing a successful business model</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.1.7.</td><td class="tocname3">Investment strategies in agricultural robotics</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">5.2.</td><td class="tocname2">Key market challenges in agricultural robotics</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.2.1.</td><td class="tocname3">The cost of agricultural robots</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.2.2.</td><td class="tocname3">IT infrastructure</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.2.3.</td><td class="tocname3">Ownership and management of digital data</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection3">5.2.4.</td><td class="tocname3">Adoption of robotics technology on farms</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection1">6.</td><td class="tocname1">FORECASTS</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">6.1.</td><td class="tocname2">Agricultural robotics, market forecast by robot category</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">6.2.</td><td class="tocname2">Agricultural robotics, market forecast by robot category: data tables</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">6.3.</td><td class="tocname2">Agricultural robotics, market forecast by region</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">6.4.</td><td class="tocname2">Agricultural robotics, market forecast by region: data tables</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">6.5.</td><td class="tocname2">Milking robots, market forecast by region</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">6.6.</td><td class="tocname2">Weeding robots and seeding robots, market forecast by region</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">6.7.</td><td class="tocname2">Autonomous tractors and implement carrying robots, market forecast by region</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">6.8.</td><td class="tocname2">Robots for fresh fruit and vegetable harvesting, market forecast by region</td></tr><tr><td class="tocsection2">6.9.</td><td class="tocname2">Agricultural drones, market forecast by 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